資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1.However， I did not give up and I spent most of my l　　　　　　 hours to practice playing the piano.
2.A man has claimed to have spotted an unusual c　　　　　　 on the giant Red Planet in a recently released photo of Mars.
3.According to the doctor， you shouldn’t take more than six p　　　　　　 in 24 hours.
4.It is common knowledge that wood can f　　　　　 on the water.
5.The rooms were spacious， with tall windows and high c　　　　　　.
6.It is certain that studying at home requires a good deal of 　　　　　　（自制力）.
7.I don’t think you have realized the 　　　　　　（嚴重性） of the situation up to now.
8.These measures have played a 　　　　　　（極重要的） role in restoring the economy.
9.Choosing a kitchen 　　　　　　（櫥柜） depends on various factors， such as your storage needs and kitchen style.
10.Traditionally， astronomers study stars and planets with telescopes.However， they can also learn about them by using 　　　　　　（顯微鏡） on rocks from outer space that hit the Earth.
維度二：詞形轉換
用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。
1.We did not receive any news during his long 　　　　　　（absent）.
2.The space station requires routine 　　　　　　（maintain） and safety checks on most days.
3.Fill the form and write down your name， address and 　　　　　　（occupy）.
4.①You had better put down your goals on paper where they are 　　　　　　（vision） so that they can help to monitor your progress.
②He has 　　　　　　（visible） aged and weakened since I saw him a year ago.
5.Radiation 　　　　　　（expose） can affect the process of generating new cells in the brain， harming astronauts’ health.
6.If you don’t give up smoking now， it may damage your health 　　　　　　（permanent）.
7.The research proved the link between exposure to 　　　　　　（radiate） and childhood cancer.
8.In his book， the professor attempted an honest 　　　　　　（evaluate） of his own contribution to the country.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1.盡管他很累，但他還是努力幫助我們。（as）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， he tried to help us.
2.考慮到游客的安全，太空博物館采取了各種措施限制游客流量。（in view of）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， the Space Museum took various measures to limit visitor flow.
3.這是我所看過的最有趣的書。（否定詞＋比較級）
I have 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　book.
4.我們兩天內完成這項工作是可能的。（it作形式主語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the work in two days.
5.為了保持健康，我決心改掉這些壞習慣。（so that引導目的狀語從句）
I determined to break myself of these bad habits 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容， 在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Life on a space station
　　Every would-be astronaut dreams of living in space one day.My life on a space station is full of 1.　　　　　　 （challenge）， but it’s magical.We astronauts usually sleep in large cupboard-like private quarters 2.　　　　　　 sleeping bags which are attached to the walls or the ceiling.Our routine tasks 3.　　　　　　 occupy most of the day include conducting biological experiments and experiments in other research fields.The 4.　　　　　　　　 （challenging） mission among them happens when we perform tasks outside the space station.Every spacewalk is 5.　　　　　　 （careful） planned because it probably is the most dangerous work.
　　We eat in a different way 6.　　　　　　 space.Most food is dried or freeze-dried， and fresh fruit and vegetables are precious.In addition， we must take pills to ensure a（n） 7.　　　　　　 （balance） supply of nutrients.8.　　　　　　 is of vital importance to our health is spending at least two hours of exercise every day in the gym.When exercising， we have to be tied onto the special exercise equipment 9.　　　　　　 （stop） ourselves from floating around.
　　In spite of the strangeness of living in space， the 10.　　　　　　 （relax） leisure time and the striking views outside the space station really make the life worth it.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　In 2020 Sarah Al-Amiri， now 35， was appointed chairwoman of the United Arab Emirates Space Agency （UAESA）.She was shocked at the honour and the responsibilities that came with it， but she could not have been entirely surprised.Amiri has been fascinated by space since she was 12 years old.However， given that space exploration was still in the hands of just a few of the world’s largest nations， it seemed unlikely to young Amiri that a country like the UAE would reach space any time soon.So rather than anything directly space-related， Amiri studied computer programming in college.But by the time she graduated in 2009， the first green shoots of an Emirati space programme had begun to grow so she applied to join UAESA and was hired at 22 as a software engineer.
　　The UAE launched its first Earth observation satellite， DubaiSAT-1， in 2009， followed by DubaiSAT-2 in 2013.Then， in 2014， it set its goal to send a probe to Martian orbit by 2021.Amiri was named deputy project manager and science lead on the mission， which had the ambitious goal of mapping Mars’ entire atmosphere over a whole Martian year.The spacecraft Amiri’s team designed and built for the mission was named Hope that took seven months to reach the Red Planet.Waiting for news of the spacecraft’s arrival on 9 February 2021， was， said Amiri， “the toughest point.”At that time， she was standing outside the Burj Khalifa and celebrating with the crowds who had gathered to mark the moment.
　　The Hope mission was not just ambitious in terms of its scope （范圍）， but also in terms of gender （性別） representation.Amiri’s science team included 80％ women， an unusual number in the field of space exploration.She has always been determined that gender would not in any way hold her back in her chosen field.“I grew up to be — and continue to be — deaf to the challenges related to gender，” she says.
1.How did Amiri feel when learning about her appointment？（　　）
A.Amazed. B.Worried.
C.Confused. D.Delighted.
2.What inspired Amiri to be a member of UAESA？（　　）
A.Her passion for challenges.
B.Her major in computer programming.
C.The mission of sending spacecraft to space.
D.The development of Emirati space programmes.
3.What do the underlined words “the moment” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.The UAE launched DubaiSAT.
B.Mars’ entire atmosphere was mapped.
C.The UAE’s spacecraft landed on Mars.
D.Amiri was named deputy project manager.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.A Hard Road to Success
B.A Journey of Space Exploration
C.The Woman Achieving Great Goals
D.The Woman Taking the UAE to Mars
B
　　What do Neil Armstrong， Ed White and today’s astronauts have in common？ They all wear a white spacesuit.Beyond NASA， space programmes in countries like Russia and China also use white suits.This basic colour has saved countless astronauts’ lives.NASA didn’t always have white spacesuits.Their very first manned spaceflight， Project Mercury， used silver suits， but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum （真空） of space.And that’s the key because out there， spacesuits have to be highly reflective.And the best colour for that isn’t silver， but white.
　　Here on Earth， our atmosphere protects us from 77％of the sun’s radiation.But astronauts in space don’t have that natural protection， making them easily hurt by extreme temperatures， severe sunburn， and even cancer-causing cell damage.So to prevent that， they wear white suits that reflect the sun’s harmful radiation.
　　But those white suits aren’t the only garments in an astronaut’s closet.When heading into space or coming home， NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit similar in colour to the safety vests Air Force pilots wear， and it’s for similar reasons that loud orange stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention.
　　That being said， times are changing.Nowadays we have more ways of finding out astronauts in need of rescue like GPS， so space agencies are now free to get creative with their colour choices.NASA and other programmes are already starting to use other colours like deep blue and mustard yellow.In the future， they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars.It will be the longest crewed space mission to date， taking as long as three years from start to finish， and during that time， astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression.That’s where colourful spacesuits could be useful.
5.What is the benefit of wearing white spacesuits？（　　）
A.Providing protection against hot air.
B.Building team spirit among astronauts.
C.Avoiding damaging the vacuum of space.
D.Guarding astronauts against solar radiation.
6.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Astronauts in bright orange are easy to spot by rescue crews.
B.Astronauts have to prepare white suits diverse in patterns.
C.Loud orange is the colour of choice for dangerous space missions.
D.The safety vests Air Force pilots wear are popular with astronauts.
7.Why will NASA use colourful spacesuits for the space mission to Mars？（　　）
A.To set a new trend for spacesuits.
B.To brighten up the dull space life.
C.To show astronauts’ creative minds.
D.To meet the demand of space agencies.
8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.Do Spacesuits Always Stay White？
B.How Do Spacesuits Protect Astronauts？
C.Do Colourful Spacesuits Have Advantages？
D.Why Is White So Popular With Astronauts？
C
　　Around the country and around the world， there is no shortage of human suffering.Poverty， disease， violence， hurricanes， wildfire and more are constantly troubling humanity， and even our best efforts thus far can’t address all of everybody’s needs.Many are looking for places to cut funding， and one of the first places that comes up in conversation is excessive spending on space exploration.What good is it to conduct microgravity experiments repeatedly when children are starving？ Why launch so many space-related projects when nuclear war threatens our planet？
　　This is a line of thinking that has been coming up throughout history.Yes， it’s short-sighted， in that it fails to recognize that our greatest problems require long-term investment， and that society’s greatest advances come about through hard work， research， development， and often are realized decades after that is made.Investing in science is investing in the betterment of humanity.
　　Over these years， many of the results of the space research have been adapted to be applicable to our daily lives.For example， NASA’s advancements in the areas of robotics have given manufacturers an additional basis for the development of more advanced artificial limbs.Additionally， certain nutritional enrichment ingredients （成分） that were developed by NASA have been integrated into baby food formula.
　　Space technology has also helped improve economies.Within the next three years， the space exploration and space tourism industry are expected to be valued at $3 trillion.It is true that for every dollar we spend on the space programme， the US economy receives about $8 of economic benefit.Space exploration can also serve as the motivation for children to enter the fields of science and engineering.
　　To many people， the idea of space travel may still seem far from practical.However， I believe that it is important that we keep going forward or we’ll risk delaying further discoveries and technological advancements that will be beneficial for us.
9.According to Paragraph 1， what do some people think of space exploration？（　　）
A.Useless. B.Wasteful.
C.Beneficial. D.Harmful.
10.What does the underlined word “that” in the second paragraph refer to？（　　）
A.The advance. B.The development.
C.The investment. D.The problem.
11.How does NASA’s advancements contribute to the development of artificial limbs？（　　）
A.By providing a foundation.
B.By adding certain materials.
C.By acting as a driving force.
D.By helping realize the mass production.
12.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs？（　　）
A.Space programmes are of great benefit to us.
B.Space travel appears to be within people’s reach.
C.More and more children are interested in science.
D.New technological discoveries have been delayed.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　There is something about Mars that always fascinates us.Throughout history， different cultures and individuals have looked at the blood-red star in the night sky and filled it with whatever their imaginations associated with the unknown.
　　13.（　　）.The first is its red colour.The second is that it is the only planet that appears to undergo significant change in brightness.Sometimes it burns brightly.At other times， it fades （褪色） into darkness.
　　Perhaps it is these comings and goings that have stimulated our curiosity through the ages， as the vast library of stories set on the Red Planet can prove.14.（　　） The imaginations of many writers were fed by the leading scientific investigations of their age.
　　The late 19th century witnessed a particularly strong interest in Mars.Telescopes were just starting to solve the mystery of the planet’s surface features， but somehow our brains joined the faintly visible objects on it into straight lines.15.（　　）， with the supposed Martians digging canals in a desperate attempt to supply the deserts with water.
　　So widespread was the belief in Martian life that， in 1891， when Anne Goguet established a prize of 100，000 francs to be awarded to the first person to communicate with extraterrestrials （外星人）， Martians weren’t taken into consideration.16.（　　）.
　　So why has Mars risen above all other planets in the public awareness？ I believe it is because the more we discover about it， the better it becomes.17.（　　）.Mars has taller volcanoes， deeper canyons， colder deserts and larger dust storms.Everything about it spells adventure — and that is irresistible to us.
A.We can be on Mars at the click of a mouse
B.Yet these works aren’t wholly imaginative ideas
C.This led to the idea that Mars was a dying planet
D.We can’t help but project our hopes and fears onto Mars
E.The reason is simply that talking to them would be too easy
F.Of the five planets visible to humans on Earth， Mars stands out for two reasons
G.It is a world composed of larger-than-life versions of Earth’s most exciting landscapes
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.leisure　2.creature　3.pills　4.float　5.ceilings
6.discipline　7.gravity　8.vital　9.cupboard　10.microscopes
維度二
1.absence　2.maintenance　3.occupation　4.①visible
②visibly　5.exposure　6.permanently　7.radiation
8.evaluation
維度三
1.Tired as he was　2.In view of the safety of visitors
3.never seen a more interesting
4.It is possible for us to finish
5.so that I could keep fit
維度四
1.challenges　2.or　3.which/that　4.most challenging
5.carefully　6.in　7.balanced　8.What　9.to stop　10.relaxing
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了阿米里被任命為阿聯酋空間局局長，成功帶領團隊把太空飛船送上火星的故事。
1.A　細節理解題。根據第一段第二句可知，接到這份任命，阿米里感到震驚。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句可知，促使阿米里成為阿聯酋空間局一員的原因是阿聯酋太空計劃的發展。
3.C　詞義猜測題。第二段中提到阿米里帶領的團隊將為此次任務設計和建造的太空船命名為“希望號”，它歷時七個月抵達紅色星球。阿米里說，等待飛船于2021年2月9日抵達的消息是最艱難的時刻。由此可知，畫線部分the moment指的是太空船著陸火星的時刻。
4.D　標題歸納題。根據全文內容可知，本文主要講述了以阿米里等女性為主要成員的團隊成功將太空飛船送上火星的故事。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空服的顏色并不總是像人們認為的那樣是白色的，隨著時代和科技的進步，它們也可以是其他的顏色。
5.D　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知，穿白色太空服可以保護宇航員不受到太陽輻射帶來的危害。
6.A　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，亮橙色非常引人注意。由此推知，亮橙色的太空服很容易被救援人員發現。
7.B　細節理解題。根據最后一段可推知，美國國家航空航天局要把去火星執行任務時的太空服制成彩色的是為了活躍沉悶的太空生活氛圍。
8.A　標題歸納題。根據文章內容可知，本文主要介紹了太空服的顏色并不總是像人們認為的那樣是白色的，隨著時代和科技的進步，它們也可以是其他顏色的。故A項可以作為本文標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。世界上有很多人面臨著貧困、疾病和自然災害等帶來的痛苦，因此有些人認為太空探索方面的支出應該被削減，但作者認為太空計劃項目的投資對人類來說大有裨益。
9.B　推理判斷題。根據第一段內容可知，許多人認為當前世界上還有許多需要解決的問題，而人們普遍認為太空探索方面的支出應當進行削減。由此可推知，一些人認為太空探索是浪費資源的。
10.C　代詞指代題。根據畫線詞所在句可知，這些人認為在太空探索方面的支出應當進行削減，這是因為他們沒有意識到解決社會最嚴重的問題需要長期的投資；通過努力、研究和發展實現的社會的巨大進步都是在投資之后的幾十年才會實現。因此that指的是前面所說的投資，畫線詞后一句也在講投資的重要性。
11.A　細節理解題。根據第三段中舉的例子可知，美國國家航空航天局在機器人科學方面的進步為假肢的發展提供了基礎。
12.A　推理判斷題。根據最后兩段內容可知，在未來三年內，太空探索和太空旅游產業的價值預計將達到3萬億美元，太空探索也可以成為孩子們進入科學和工程領域的動力。由此可推知，太空計劃對人類社會大有裨益。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人類為什么熱衷于探索火星。
13.F　設空處位于段首，一般為所在段落的主旨句。下文指出：第一，它呈紅色；第二，它是唯一一顆亮度會出現顯著變化的行星。F項符合語境，對下文內容作出概括總結。F項中的two reasons與下文中的The first和The second相呼應。
14.B　設空處前一句說明了也許正是這種亮度變化激發了我們的好奇心，大量以火星為背景的故事都可以證明這一點。設空處后一句介紹了很多作家的想象力受到了當時的先進科學研究的影響。B項符合語境，與上文構成轉折關系。B項中的these works指代設空處前一句中的the vast library of stories set on the Red Planet，且B項中的imaginative 與設空處后一句中的imaginations相呼應。
15.C　上文說明了在十九世紀末人們對火星產生了特別濃厚的興趣。人們開始通過望遠鏡了解火星表面的特征，但人類的大腦卻把這些隱約可見的物體連接成了直線。而設空處后的內容則指出：所謂的火星人在絕望地挖掘溝渠，試圖為沙漠供水。C項符合語境。C項中的This指代上文描述的情況，C項中的dying與設空處后的a desperate attempt相呼應。
16.E　根據上文可知，人們普遍相信火星上存在生命，Anne Goguet在1891年提供10萬法郎的獎金，獎勵第一個與外星人交流的人，而火星人并未被考慮在內。E項符合語境，與上文構成因果關系。E項中的them指代上文中的Martians，且E項中的talking to與上文中的communicate with是同義詞復現。
17.G　上文指出：我們之所以更重視火星，是因為我們越了解它，它就越好。G項緊承上文，作出進一步解釋說明，符合語境。G項中的It指代Mars，G項中的larger-than-life versions of Earth’s most exciting landscapes與設空處后的taller volcanoes， deeper canyons， colder deserts and larger dust storms相呼應。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Life on a space station
　　Living in space is every would-be①astronaut’s dream.My six-month stay on a space station has come to an end②， and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.[1] I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity③definitely makes ordinary things strange！
　　The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep.[2] Due to④the near absence⑤of gravity in space， we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float⑥ around.[3] We usually sleep in private quarters， which are more like large cupboards⑦， or in sleeping bags attached to⑧ the walls or the ceiling⑨.[4] It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back， but the unusual beds don’t bother⑩us any more.After about eight hours of sleep， we start our day of work.
　　[1]you’d love to know ...是省略引導詞that的賓語從句，該從句中又含有what和how引導的兩個并列的賓語從句，作動詞know的賓語。
　　[2]句中so that引導目的狀語從句。介詞短語Due to作原因狀語。
　　[3]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞quarters；過去分詞短語attached to the walls or the ceiling作后置定語，修飾名詞sleeping bags。
　　[4]前一個分句中，It作形式主語，that從句作真正的主語，with復合結構作狀語。
　　The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.[5] Our main mission is to conduct scientific research.We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.Creatures such as mice， fish and mosquitoes have also been sent to the station！ In a low-gravity environment， we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope .As well as doing these biological experiments， we carry out experiments in other research fields.I have been working on one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth.Hopefully， it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection.With so much going on， the space station needs a lot of maintenance ， so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.
　　[5]動詞不定式短語to conduct scientific research作表語，此時主語常常為mission、 aim、 duty、 dream、 plan、 purpose等。
　　The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station， such as testing new equipment， monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.In the circumstances ， it’s time for a spacewalk.First， we put on our spacesuits， which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation .Then we head out， and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time ， with the beautiful Earth visible below.[6] Splendid as the view of the Earth is， spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.It’s probably the most dangerous work， with potential risks such as electric shocks.That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
　　In view of the low-gravity environment， eating is also different in space.Most food is dried or freeze-dried.[7] It’s a luxury to eat fresh food， because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.Salt and pepper are only in liquid form， so that they will not float away and block the air pipes.However， liquids can’t be easily controlled in space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic.Furthermore ， to keep our body healthy， we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills .
　　[6]句中Splendid as the view of the Earth is是as引導的讓步狀語從句，as在句中意為“雖然，盡管”。句中作表語的形容詞Splendid置于句首，句子使用完全倒裝結構。
　　[7]主句中It作形式主語，動詞不定式短語to eat fresh food作真正的主語，because引導原因狀語從句。
　　[8] Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health.Did you know that in just five months， astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？[9] Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body， we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.Exercise in space is not your average workout.We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.
　　[10] During our leisure time， there’s nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by， taking pictures for our family and friends back home.
【讀文清障】
①would-be adj.（形容想要成為……的人）未來的
a would-be astronaut想成為宇航員的人
②come to an end結束，完結
③gravity n.重力，地球引力；嚴重性；嚴肅
④due to由于，因為
⑤absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
absent adj.缺乏的，不存在的；缺席的
⑥float vi.飄動，漂流；浮
vt.使浮動，使漂流
⑦cupboard n.壁櫥；櫥柜，衣柜
⑧attach ... to ...把……固定在……上
be attached to固定在……的；附屬于……的
⑨ceiling n.天花板；上限
⑩bother vt.使煩惱，使擔心；花費時間精力（做某事）；打擾
vi.花費時間精力（做某事）
n.麻煩，困難
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占領，侵占；使忙于
mission n.任務；使命，天職；軍事行動；太空飛行任務
evaluate vt.評估，估計，評價
evaluation n.評價；評審；估計；定值；計值
creature n.動物，生物；人
mosquito n.蚊子
microscope n.顯微鏡
carry out實施；執行；實行
work on從事于，致力于
locate and track定位并追蹤
cast new light on使進一步了解……
maintenance n.維護，保養；維持，保持
take place發生
circumstance n.條件，狀況；（circumstances）境況，（尤指）經濟狀況
in the circumstances在這種情況下，既然如此
exposure n.面臨，遭受；揭露；報道
radiation n.輻射，放射線
at a time一次
at one time過去曾經有一段時間
visible adj.看得見的；明顯的
in view of鑒于，考慮到
luxury n.不常有的樂趣（或享受）；奢侈品
luxurious adj.十分舒適的；奢侈的
tube n.管，管子；軟管
furthermore adv.此外，再者
pill n.藥丸，藥片
take pills吃藥
vital adj.必不可少的，對……極重要的；維持生命所必需的
discipline vt.嚴格要求（自己）；懲罰；訓練 n.訓練，紀律；行為準則；自制力
leisure n.閑暇，空閑
leisure time閑暇時光，空閑時間
crew n.全體工作人員；全體乘務人員，全體船員；專業團隊
As the space station travels at a speed of about 17，500 miles per hour， we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes.In these precious moments， all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.
　　[8]動詞-ing短語Spending some time in the gym作主語；“of＋抽象名詞”相當于形容詞，用作表語。
　　[9]句中Considering these ...human body， Considering為介詞，意為“鑒于”，作狀語；low gravity has on the human body為省略關系代詞that或which的定語從句，修飾先行詞effects；動詞不定式短語to do at least two hours of exercise every day作賓語補足語。
　　[10]句中 there’s nothing we like more than ...意為“我們最喜歡的是……”， “否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級的意義；動詞-ing短語taking pictures ...作伴隨狀語。
at a speed of以……速度
【參考譯文】
空間站的生活
　　在太空生活是每個想成為宇航員的人的夢想。我在空間站的六個月已經結束了，這是一次充滿挑戰但奇妙的冒險。我敢保證你很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么樣子，以及它與地球上的生活有什么不同——低重力肯定會使平常的事情變得不同尋常！
　　從睡覺的那刻起，我們就能明顯感受到在太空生活的奇妙。由于太空中近乎沒有重力，我們必須把自己固定住，才不會四處漂浮。我們通常睡在獨立的睡眠區，更像是大的櫥柜，或者睡在固定在墻上或者天花板上的睡袋里。試著背部沒有壓力入睡是奇怪的，但我們不再為這些特別的床而煩惱了。在約八小時的睡眠后，我們開始了一天的工作。
　　占用了一天里大部分時間的日常工作要求很高，但是也會非常有意義。我們的主要任務是進行科學研究。我們需要評估低重力對動植物的影響。諸如老鼠、魚、蚊子等生物也被送到了空間站！在低重力環境下，我們可以通過顯微鏡更多地了解細胞和微生物的變化。除了做這些生物實驗，我們還開展其他研究領域的實驗。我一直在做一個實驗，可以定位并追蹤地球上大片區域的閃電。希望這個實驗能使人們進一步了解地球氣候，并更好地做好雷電防護。空間站里發生那么多事情，需要大量的維護，所以我們經常檢查空間站的支撐系統，并做一些清潔工作。
　　當我們需要在空間站外面執行任務時，例如測試新設備、監測科學實驗或修理空間站，就會產生最具挑戰性的工作。在這種情況下，是時候來場太空行走了。首先，我們穿上太空服，他們可以讓我們在太空中呼吸，保護我們免受寒冷和輻射的傷害。然后我們走出空間站，有時執行任務要連續好幾個小時，向下可以看到美麗的地球。雖然地球的景色十分壯觀，但太空行走并不像你們可能想象的那么激動人心。這可能是最危險的工作，因為有電擊之類的潛在風險。這就是為什么（我們）要仔細規劃好每次的太空行走。
　　考慮到低重力環境，太空中的飲食也大不相同。大多數食物都是脫水或凍干的。吃到新鮮的食物是一種奢侈，因為水果和蔬菜等新鮮農產品只能每隔幾個月從地球運到空間站。鹽和胡椒粉僅以液體的形式存在，這樣它們就不會飄來飄去，堵塞通氣管。但是，液體在太空中不容易控制。我們必須用塑料細管，從袋子里面喝水或其他液體。此外，為了保持身體健康，我們必須吃藥來保證營養的均衡補給。
　　花些時間在健身房鍛煉對宇航員的健康至關重要。你知道僅僅在五個月里宇航員就可能失去相當多的肌肉量和骨量嗎？鑒于低重力對人體的這些負面影響，我們嚴格要求自己每天至少運動兩個小時。在太空中鍛煉可不是普通的鍛煉。我們必須綁在專門設計的運動器材上，防止我們到處飄浮。
　　在空閑時間，我們最喜歡做的事就是和其他工作人員一起舒服地坐下來，看著我們非凡的星球從身邊經過，拍點照片給地球上的家人和朋友看。空間站以每小時約17500英里的速度飛行，所以我們每隔90分鐘就能看到日出。在這些珍貴的時刻，太空生活的所有挑戰似乎都是值得的。
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
　
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What can an astronaut do during a spacewalk？（　　）
A.Fix different objects.
B.Carry out an experiment.
C.Collect any things he wants.
D.Study how things change in space.
2.Where do astronauts usually sleep in space？（　　）
A.In large cupboards.
B.On the walls.
C.In sleeping bags.
D.On the ceiling.
3.Why do astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper in space？（　　）
A.Liquids don’t spoil.
B.Liquids are light in weight.
C.Liquids can float away easily.
D.Liquids are convenient to use in space.
4.Which of the following is NOT astronauts’ routine task？（　　）
A.Evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.
B.Send creatures such as mice， fish and mosquitoes to the station.
C.Check the space station’s support systems and do some cleaning.
D.Learn about changes in cells and microorganisms in a low-gravity environment.
5.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A.The astronauts regard space life as common.
B.The astronauts love to see the Earth from space.
C.The astronauts find living in space a bit boring and tiring.
D.The astronauts get more pleasure in space than on the Earth.
6.In Paragraph 4， what does the word “circumstances” refer to？（　　）
A.Preparations for a spacewalk.
B.Experiments and equipment.
C.All kinds of activities in space.
D.Performing tasks outside the station.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1.詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
（1）以后綴“-ure”結尾的高頻名詞
①expose→exposure n.面臨，遭受；揭露；報道
②please→pleasure n.樂事；快樂
③press→pressure n.壓力
④fail→failure n.失敗
（2）以t結尾的形容詞變t為ce構成名詞
①absent→absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
②confident→confidence n.信心；信任；信賴
③evident→evidence n.根據；證明；證據
④important→importance n.重要性；重要
⑤silent→silence n.寂靜；無聲
⑥significant→significance n.重要性，意義
⑦patient→patience n.耐心；忍耐力
⑧violent→violence n.暴力；暴行
2.美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
（1）反問句：本文的語篇類型為講座文稿。作者運用了反問的修辭手法增強了講座內容的吸引力和說服力。反問句就是用疑問的句式，表達肯定的觀點。使用反問句能吸引人們的注意力，更能引起人們的深思與反思。
請從課文中找出此類句子，背誦并翻譯。
原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
翻譯：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）段落銜接：文章使用同根詞、近義詞等來銜接段落，實現了語篇的自然連貫。
請根據提示在課文中找出此類句子， 朗讀并對比賞析。
①第一段以strange一詞結尾，第二段以The strangeness開頭，使用了同根詞，使兩個段落銜接緊密、自然流暢。
句1：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
句2：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
②第三段中的The routine tasks 與第四段開頭的The most challenging work描述的都是太空任務，它們交替出現既能避免詞語的重復使用，又能確保這兩段內容之間緊密的內在聯系。
句1：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
句2：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析難句，清閱讀障礙
1.We usually sleep in private quarters， which are more like large cupboards， or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.
句式分析
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back， but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.
句式分析
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body， we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.
句式分析
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：拓視野，育思維品質
1.What qualities do you think make an astronaut？（Critical Thinking批判性思維）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Suppose you are going to stay on the space station for a month—what would you do？ （Creative Thinking創造性思維）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
【教材原句】　Due to the near absence of gravity in space， we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.由于太空中近乎沒有重力，我們必須把我們自己固定住，才不會四處漂浮。
【用法】
（1）in the absence of　　　　缺乏…… in/during one’s absence 某人不在時/期間 absence from school/work 缺課/缺勤 （2）absent adj. 不在的；缺席的；心不在焉的 be absent from ... 　不參加……；缺席…… （3）absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
【佳句】　In the absence of clear goals， we may be stuck in our daily routine until we become slaves of it.沒有清晰的目標，我們可能會被困在日常生活中，直到成為它的奴隸。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Our monitor was 　　　　　　（absence） from school this morning.That’s because he caught a high fever last night.
②Apparently， constant absence 　　　　　school caused him to fail in the final exam.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Much work piled up 　　　　　　　　， so I will have to work extra hours today.
我不在時許多工作都堆到了一塊兒，因此今天我只好加班了。
bother vt.使煩惱，使擔心；花費時間精力（做某事）；打擾 vi.花費時間精力（做某事） n.麻煩，困難
【教材原句】　It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back， but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.
試著背部沒有壓力入睡是奇怪的，但我們不再為這些特別的床而煩惱了。
【用法】
（1）bother to do/doing sth費心做某事 bother sb about/with sth 為某事打擾或麻煩某人 it bothers sb that ... 使某人苦惱的是……， 使某人生氣的是…… can’t be bothered to do sth嫌麻煩而不做某事；懶得做某事 （2）have bother （in） doing sth 做某事費力
【佳句】　Don’t bother me while I’m reading.
我看書的時候別打擾我。
【聯想】　表示“做某事費力”的表達還有have difficulty/problems/trouble （in） doing sth。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I don’t want to bother her 　　　　　　my problems at the moment.
②You needn’t bother 　　　　　　　　（come） to my office.
③　　　　　　 really bothers me that they haven’t replied to my letters.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④對不起，打擾你了，你能告訴我去車站的路怎么走嗎？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占領，侵占；使忙于
【教材原句】　The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.占用了一天里大部分時間的日常工作要求很高，但是也會非常有意義。
【用法】
（1）occupy oneself （in） doing sth/with sth　　　　　　　　忙著做某事/忙于某事 （2）occupied adj. 已被占用的；無空閑的；在使用中的；被占領的 be occupied （in） doing sth/with sth 忙著做某事/忙于某事 （3）occupation n. 侵占，占領；使用；居住；工作，職業
【佳句】　With the College Entrance Examination drawing near， I am occupied （in） preparing for it.
隨著高考的臨近，我忙于為此做準備。
【聯想】　表示“忙于做某事”的其他表達：
be busy （in） doing sth
be busy with sth
be engaged in doing sth
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied 　　　　　　（he） with a very important experiment.
②Choosing an 　　　　　　（occupy） takes time， and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
【寫美】　句式升級
③She is occupied （in） looking after three children at home， so she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
→　　　　　　　　　　 three children at home， she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.（過去分詞短語作狀語）
→　　　　　　　　　　 three children at home， she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.（動詞-ing短語作狀語）
cast new light on使進一步了解……
【教材原句】　Hopefully， it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection.
希望這個實驗能使人們進一步了解地球氣候，并更好地做好雷電防護。
【用法】
bring sth to light　　揭露；披露；暴露；揭發 shed/throw light on sth 使（問題等）較容易理解 come to light 為人所知；變得眾所周知；暴露 be in sb’s light 擋住某人的光線 in （the） light of 根據；按照
【佳句】　His words cast new light on the problem.
他的話使人們對這個問題有了新的認識。
These discoveries may shed new light on the current situation.這些發現也許可以讓人們更進一步了解現在的形勢。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The cause of the fire has been just brought 　　　　　　light.
②Many or an error has come 　　　　　　light by this simple check.
③　　　　　　 （the） light of your health， you’d better stay here for another day or two.
【寫美】　完成句子
④Recent research has 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
最近的研究可以使人進一步了解導致這種疾病的原因。
circumstance n.條件，狀況；（circumstances）境況，（尤指）經濟狀況
【教材原句】　In the circumstances， it’s time for a spacewalk.
在這種情況下，是時候來場太空行走了。
【用法】
（1）in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下，既然如此 （2）in/under no circumstances　　　　　　　絕不；無論如何都不（位于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝結構） in/under any circumstances 在任何情況下 （3）if circumstances allow/permit 如果條件允許的話 （4）financial circumstances 經濟狀況 family/personal circumstances家庭/個人經濟狀況
【佳句】　Under the circumstances， it seems better not to tell him the truth.
在這種情況下，不告訴他真相似乎更好。
Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity， which is vital for my future development.
在任何情況下我都不會錯過這個寶貴的機會，它對我未來的發展至關重要。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①If 　　　　　　（circumstance） permit， I will spare no effort to help you.
②As an astronaut， he will never give up his dream of exploring space 　　　　　　any circumstances.
③ I don’t like any humour in this serious speech because I can’t think of any circumstance 　　　　　　this would be beneficial or useful.
④If you take full advantage of your speech class， you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker 　　　　　　many circumstances.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
⑤在任何情況下，我都不會做令你討厭的事。（部分倒裝）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
exposure n.面臨，遭受；揭露；報道
【教材原句】　First， we put on our spacesuits， which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.
首先，我們穿上太空服，它們可以讓我們在太空中呼吸，保護我們免受寒冷和輻射的傷害。
【用法】
（1）expose vt.　　　　使暴露（于險境）；揭露，使曝光；使接觸，使體驗 expose ... to ... 把……暴露在……， 使……接觸…… expose sb to ... 使某人接觸……；使某人暴露于…… （2）exposed adj. 無遮蔽的；無保護的 be exposed to 接觸……；暴露于……
【佳句】　Studying abroad means exposure to whole new cultures， which gives you a mix of excitement and nervousness.
去國外學習意味著體驗全新的文化，這會使你既興奮又緊張。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 （expose） to advertisements constantly can help to change people’s opinions over time.
②His fatness exposes him 　　　　　　a lot of jokes at the office.
③Walking deep into the forest， we suddenly felt very 　　　　　　（expose）.
【寫美】　句式升級
④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer， you will get sunburnt.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 the sunlight for a long time in summer， you will get sunburnt.（動詞-ing形式作狀語）
in view of 鑒于，考慮到
【教材原句】　In view of the low-gravity environment， eating is also different in space.
考慮到低重力環境，太空中的飲食也大不相同。
【用法】
（1）view n.　　　 　風景；觀點；見解；視野；視線 vt. 觀看；查看；察看 on view 在展出；陳列著；展覽著 in view 在視野中；在看得見的范圍內 in one’s view＝from one’s point of view 在某人看來；依某人的看法 have a good view of 清楚地看到；飽覽 come into view 映入眼簾，進入視野 （2）view ... as ... 把……看作…… （3）viewer n. 電視觀眾；觀看者；觀察者
【佳句】　In view of the present situation， we’ll have to revise our original plan.
考慮到目前這種情況，我們不得不修改我們原來的計劃。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When we reached the top of the mountain， a wide plain below came 　　　　　　view.
②　　　　　　 view of his disability， his parents often come to his assistance.
③She climbed up to the top of the hill， from where she could have a good view 　　　　　　the whole town.
④When the car was first built， the design was viewed 　　　　　　highly original.
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　， we will cancel the outing.
考慮到天氣，我們將取消此次郊游。
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：as引導讓步狀語從句
【教材原句】　Splendid as the view of the Earth is， spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.雖然地球的景色十分壯觀，但太空行走并不像你們可能想象的那么激動人心。
【用法】
as用作連詞引導讓步狀語從句時只能用倒裝語序，即從句中的形容詞、副詞、名詞或動詞原形置于句首，若表語是單數名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。as意為“盡管，雖然”。常見形式有： （1）形容詞＋as＋主語＋be＋其他成分 （2）副詞＋as＋主語＋謂語動詞＋其他成分 （3）單數可數名詞＋as＋主語＋be＋其他成分 （4）動詞原形＋as＋主語＋助動詞/情態動詞＋其他成分
【品悟】　Young as he is， he knows a lot about astronomy.
雖然他很年輕，但他知道很多天文學知識。
Search as/though they would， they could find nobody in the house.
無論怎樣搜查，他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個人。
【寫美】　句型轉換
①Although the shop is small， it stocks all kinds of wares.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， it stocks all kinds of wares.（as）
②Although it was raining heavily outside， they started out very early.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they started out very early.（as）
③Although he is a child， he can tell right from wrong.
→　　　　　　　　， he can tell right from wrong.（as）
④Although he might try， he couldn’t solve the problem.
→　　　　　　　　， he couldn’t solve the problem.（as）
句型公式：“be＋of＋抽象名詞”結構
【教材原句】　Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health.
花些時間在健身房鍛煉對宇航員的健康至關重要。
【用法】
（1）be＋of＋抽象名詞＝be＋該抽象名詞相應的形容詞。這種句型結構可用于說明主語的性質。此類抽象名詞有value、use、importance、help、interest等，為了強調某種抽象的含義，在抽象名詞前可用no、some、any、little、much、great等詞修飾。 （2）有些抽象名詞沒有相應的形容詞形式，只能用“be＋of＋名詞” 結構表示主語的類別特征。這類名詞有size、weight、height、length、width、age、opinion、colour、price、kind、type、shape、way、quality等。這類名詞根據具體的情景改變單復數形式，也可在其前加冠詞。 （3）“be＋of＋名詞”結構還可以表示主語的根源關系，此時的名詞多是表示親屬、血統、種族、國籍及出處的名詞，常用的有family、blood、race、origin等。 （4）“be＋of＋名詞”結構的否定形式一般為“be＋of＋no＋名詞”。
【品悟】　Reading is of vital importance in language learning.閱讀在語言學習中至關重要。
【寫美】　完成句子/句型轉換
①A college education 　　　　　　　　　in one’s life.
大學教育在人的一生中具有重要意義。
②In my opinion， grouping students based on their language abilities 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在我看來，根據學生的語言能力對他們進行分組是非常重要的。
③The products 　　　　　　　　　　　.
這些產品質量很好。 （應用文寫作之推薦信）
④The two poodles 　　　　　　　　　.
這兩只獅子狗大小一樣，顏色相同。
⑤Getting up early in the morning is very beneficial to this patient’s health.
→Getting up early in the morning is 　　　　　　　　to this patient’s health.
⑥The medicine is of no use to this disease.
→The medicine 　　　　　　　　this disease.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.magical adventure　2.attached　3.Working
4.maintenance　5.equipment　6.Eating　7.nutrients
8.Exercising　9.Leisure activities　10.take pictures
第二步
1－6　ACDBBD
第三步
2.（1）Did you know that in just five months， astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？
你知道僅僅在五個月里宇航員就可能失去相當多的肌肉量和骨量嗎？
（2）①I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange！
The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep.
②The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.
The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station， such as testing new equipment， monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.
第四步
1.我們通常睡在獨立的睡眠區，更像是大的櫥柜，或者睡在固定在墻上或者天花板上的睡袋里。
2.嘗試背部沒有壓力入睡是奇怪的，但我們不再為這些特別的床而煩惱了。
3.鑒于低重力對人體的這些負面影響，我們嚴格要求自己每天至少運動兩個小時。
第五步
1.Brave， curious， confident， considerate， cooperative， committed， determined， hard-working， healthy， intelligent， independent， patient， responsible， specialized， self-disciplined， unselfish， well-organized， optimistic ...
2.①I would carry out some interesting experiments in a low-gravity environment.（work）
②I would take my favourite food aboard the spacecraft.（eating）
③I would take photos of the Earth from different angles and share them with my geography teacher when I return.（leisure activities）
④I would keep a record of my daily routine on my vlog to share it with my family and friends back on the Earth.（leisure activities）
⑤I would take my beloved dog with me aboard the spacecraft.（leisure activities）
⑥I would ...
【核心知識·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①absent　②from　③in/during my absence
2.①with/about　②to come/coming　③It　④I’m sorry to bother you， but could you direct me to the station？
3.①himself　②occupation　③Occupied （in） looking after； Occupying herself （in） looking after
4.①to　②to　③In
④cast new light on the causes of the disease
5.①circumstances　②in/under　③where　④in/under
⑤In/Under no circumstances will I do something terrible to you.
6.①Exposure　②to　③exposed　④Exposing yourself to
7.①into　②In　③of　④as　⑤In view of the weather
Part Ⅱ
1.①Small as the shop is　②Heavily as/though it was raining outside　③Child as he is　④Try as he might
2.①is of great significance　②is of great importance
③are of high quality　④are of the same size and colour
⑤of great benefit　⑥is useless to
14 / 14(共140張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
Life on a space station
　　Living in space is every would-be①astronaut’s dream.My six-month
stay on a space station has come to an end②， and it has been a challenging
but magical adventure.[1] I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like
up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity③
definitely makes ordinary things strange！
　　The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we
sleep.[2] Due to④the near absence⑤of gravity in space， we have to
attach ourselves so that we don’t float⑥ around.[3] We usually sleep in
private quarters， which are more like large cupboards⑦， or in sleeping
bags attached to⑧ the walls or the ceiling⑨.[4] It’s strange that we try to
sleep with no pressure against our back， but the unusual beds don’t
bother⑩us any more.After about eight hours of sleep， we start our day of
work.
　　[1]you’d love to know ...是省略引導詞that的賓語從句，
該從句中又含有what和how引導的兩個并列的賓語從句，作動詞
know的賓語。
　　[2]句中so that引導目的狀語從句。介詞短語Due to作原因狀
語。
　　[3]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞quarters；過去
分詞短語attached to the walls or the ceiling作后置定語，修飾名
詞sleeping bags。
　　[4]前一個分句中，It作形式主語，that從句作真正的主語，
with復合結構作狀語。
【讀文清障】
①would-be adj.（形容想要成為……的人）未來的
a would-be astronaut想成為宇航員的人
②come to an end結束，完結
③gravity n.重力，地球引力；嚴重性；嚴肅
④due to由于，因為
⑤absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
absent adj.缺乏的，不存在的；缺席的
⑥float vi.飄動，漂流；浮
vt.使浮動，使漂流
⑦cupboard n.壁櫥；櫥柜，衣柜
⑧attach ... to ...把……固定在……上
be attached to固定在……的；附屬于……的
⑨ceiling n.天花板；上限
⑩bother vt.使煩惱，使擔心；花費時間精力（做某事）；打擾
vi.花費時間精力（做某事）
n.麻煩，困難
　　The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding， but
they can also be extremely rewarding.[5] Our main mission is to
conduct scientific research.We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity
on animals and plants.Creatures such as mice， fish and mosquitoes
have also been sent to the station！ In a low-gravity environment， we can
learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the
microscope .As well as doing these biological experiments， we carry
out experiments in other research fields.I have been working on one
experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the
Earth.
Hopefully， it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to
better lightning protection.With so much going on， the space station
needs a lot of maintenance ， so we constantly check support systems
and do some cleaning.
　　[5]動詞不定式短語to conduct scientific research作表語，此時主
語常常為mission、 aim、 duty、 dream、 plan、 purpose等。
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占領，侵占；使忙于
mission n.任務；使命，天職；軍事行動；太空飛行任務
evaluate vt.評估，估計，評價
evaluation n.評價；評審；估計；定值；計值
creature n.動物，生物；人
mosquito n.蚊子
microscope n.顯微鏡
carry out實施；執行；實行
work on從事于，致力于
locate and track定位并追蹤
cast new light on使進一步了解……
maintenance n.維護，保養；維持，保持
　　The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform
tasks outside the space station， such as testing new equipment，
monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.In the
circumstances ， it’s time for a spacewalk.First， we put on our
spacesuits， which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from
exposure to the cold and radiation .Then we head out， and sometimes
perform tasks for hours at a time ， with the beautiful Earth visible
below.[6] Splendid as the view of the Earth is， spacewalking is not as
exciting as you might think.It’s probably the most dangerous work，
with potential risks such as electric shocks.That’s why every spacewalk
is carefully planned.
　　In view of the low-gravity environment， eating is also different in
space.Most food is dried or freeze-dried.[7] It’s a luxury to eat fresh
food， because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be
delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.Salt
and pepper are only in liquid form， so that they will not float away and
block the air pipes.However， liquids can’t be easily controlled in
space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin
tube of plastic.Furthermore ， to keep our body healthy， we must
ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills .
　　[6]句中Splendid as the view of the Earth is是as引導的讓步狀語從
句，as在句中意為“雖然，盡管”。句中作表語的形容詞Splendid置
于句首，句子使用完全倒裝結構。
　　[7]主句中It作形式主語，動詞不定式短語to eat fresh food作真正
的主語，because引導原因狀語從句。
take place發生
circumstance n.條件，狀況；（circumstances）境況，（尤指）經濟
狀況
in the circumstances在這種情況下，既然如此
exposure n.面臨，遭受；揭露；報道
radiation n.輻射，放射線
at a time一次
at one time過去曾經有一段時間
visible adj.看得見的；明顯的
in view of鑒于，考慮到
luxury n.不常有的樂趣（或享受）；奢侈品
luxurious adj.十分舒適的；奢侈的
tube n.管，管子；軟管
furthermore adv.此外，再者
pill n.藥丸，藥片
take pills吃藥
　　[8] Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to
astronauts’ health.Did you know that in just five months， astronauts
could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？[9]
Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body，
we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every
day.Exercise in space is not your average workout.We have to be tied onto
specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating
around.
　　[10] During our leisure time， there’s nothing we like more than
to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go
by， taking pictures for our family and friends back home.As the space
station travels at a speed of about 17，500 miles per hour， we get to see
the sunrise every 90 minutes.In these precious moments， all the
challenges of life in space seem worth it.
　　[8]動詞-ing短語Spending some time in the gym作主語；“of＋抽
象名詞”相當于形容詞，用作表語。
　　[9]句中Considering these ...human body， Considering為介詞，
意為“鑒于”，作狀語；low gravity has on the human body為省略關
系代詞that或which的定語從句，修飾先行詞effects；動詞不定式短語
to do at least two hours of exercise every day作賓語補足語。
　　[10]句中 there’s nothing we like more than ...意為“我們最喜
歡的是……”， “否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級的意義；動詞-ing短
語taking pictures ...作伴隨狀語。
vital adj.必不可少的，對……極重要的；維持生命所必需的
discipline vt.嚴格要求（自己）；懲罰；訓練 n.訓練，紀律；行為
準則；自制力
leisure n.閑暇，空閑
leisure time閑暇時光，空閑時間
crew n.全體工作人員；全體乘務人員，全體船員；專業團隊
at a speed of以……速度
【參考譯文】
空間站的生活
　　在太空生活是每個想成為宇航員的人的夢想。我在空間站的六個
月已經結束了，這是一次充滿挑戰但奇妙的冒險。我敢保證你很想知
道太空中的日常生活是什么樣子，以及它與地球上的生活有什么不
同——低重力肯定會使平常的事情變得不同尋常！
　　從睡覺的那刻起，我們就能明顯感受到在太空生活的奇妙。由于
太空中近乎沒有重力，我們必須把自己固定住，才不會四處漂浮。我
們通常睡在獨立的睡眠區，更像是大的櫥柜，或者睡在固定在墻上或
者天花板上的睡袋里。試著背部沒有壓力入睡是奇怪的，但我們不再
為這些特別的床而煩惱了。在約八小時的睡眠后，我們開始了一天的
工作。
　　占用了一天里大部分時間的日常工作要求很高，但是也會非常有
意義。我們的主要任務是進行科學研究。我們需要評估低重力對動植
物的影響。諸如老鼠、魚、蚊子等生物也被送到了空間站！在低重力
環境下，我們可以通過顯微鏡更多地了解細胞和微生物的變化。除了
做這些生物實驗，我們還開展其他研究領域的實驗。我一直在做一個
實驗，可以定位并追蹤地球上大片區域的閃電。希望這個實驗能使人
們進一步了解地球氣候，并更好地做好雷電防護。空間站里發生那么
多事情，需要大量的維護，所以我們經常檢查空間站的支撐系統，并
做一些清潔工作。
　　當我們需要在空間站外面執行任務時，例如測試新設備、監測科
學實驗或修理空間站，就會產生最具挑戰性的工作。在這種情況下，
是時候來場太空行走了。首先，我們穿上太空服，他們可以讓我們在
太空中呼吸，保護我們免受寒冷和輻射的傷害。然后我們走出空間
站，有時執行任務要連續好幾個小時，向下可以看到美麗的地球。雖
然地球的景色十分壯觀，但太空行走并不像你們可能想象的那么激動
人心。這可能是最危險的工作，因為有電擊之類的潛在風險。這就是
為什么（我們）要仔細規劃好每次的太空行走。
　　考慮到低重力環境，太空中的飲食也大不相同。大多數食物都是
脫水或凍干的。吃到新鮮的食物是一種奢侈，因為水果和蔬菜等新鮮
農產品只能每隔幾個月從地球運到空間站。鹽和胡椒粉僅以液體的形
式存在，這樣它們就不會飄來飄去，堵塞通氣管。但是，液體在太空
中不容易控制。我們必須用塑料細管，從袋子里面喝水或其他液體。
此外，為了保持身體健康，我們必須吃藥來保證營養的均衡補給。
　　花些時間在健身房鍛煉對宇航員的健康至關重要。你知道僅僅在
五個月里宇航員就可能失去相當多的肌肉量和骨量嗎？鑒于低重力對
人體的這些負面影響，我們嚴格要求自己每天至少運動兩個小時。在
太空中鍛煉可不是普通的鍛煉。我們必須綁在專門設計的運動器材
上，防止我們到處飄浮。
　　在空閑時間，我們最喜歡做的事就是和其他工作人員一起舒服地
坐下來，看著我們非凡的星球從身邊經過，拍點照片給地球上的家人
和朋友看。空間站以每小時約17500英里的速度飛行，所以我們每隔
90分鐘就能看到日出。在這些珍貴的時刻，太空生活的所有挑戰似乎
都是值得的。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What can an astronaut do during a spacewalk？（　　）
A. Fix different objects.
B. Carry out an experiment.
C. Collect any things he wants.
D. Study how things change in space.
2. Where do astronauts usually sleep in space？（　　）
A. In large cupboards.
B. On the walls.
C. In sleeping bags.
D. On the ceiling.
3. Why do astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper in space？
（　　）
A. Liquids don’t spoil.
B. Liquids are light in weight.
C. Liquids can float away easily.
D. Liquids are convenient to use in space.
4. Which of the following is NOT astronauts’ routine task？（　　）
A. Evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.
B. Send creatures such as mice， fish and mosquitoes to the station.
C. Check the space station’s support systems and do some cleaning.
D. Learn about changes in cells and microorganisms in a low-gravity
environment.
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A. The astronauts regard space life as common.
B. The astronauts love to see the Earth from space.
C. The astronauts find living in space a bit boring and tiring.
D. The astronauts get more pleasure in space than on the Earth.
6. In Paragraph 4， what does the word “circumstances” refer to？
（　　）
A. Preparations for a spacewalk.
B. Experiments and equipment.
C. All kinds of activities in space.
D. Performing tasks outside the station.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1. 詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
（1）以后綴“-ure”結尾的高頻名詞
①expose→exposure n.面臨，遭受；揭露；報道
②please→pleasure n.樂事；快樂
③press→pressure n.壓力
④fail→failure n.失敗
（2）以t結尾的形容詞變t為ce構成名詞
①absent→absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
②confident→confidence n.信心；信任；信賴
③evident→evidence n.根據；證明；證據
④important→importance n.重要性；重要
⑤silent→silence n.寂靜；無聲
⑥significant→significance n.重要性，意義
⑦patient→patience n.耐心；忍耐力
⑧violent→violence n.暴力；暴行
2. 美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
（1）反問句：本文的語篇類型為講座文稿。作者運用了反問的修
辭手法增強了講座內容的吸引力和說服力。反問句就是用疑
問的句式，表達肯定的觀點。使用反問句能吸引人們的注意
力，更能引起人們的深思與反思。
請從課文中找出此類句子，背誦并翻譯。
原句：

翻譯：

Did you know that in just five months， astronauts
could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？　
你知道僅僅在五個月里宇航員就可能失去相當多的
肌肉量和骨量嗎？　
（2）段落銜接：文章使用同根詞、近義詞等來銜接段落，實現了
語篇的自然連貫。
請根據提示在課文中找出此類句子， 朗讀并對比賞析。
①第一段以strange一詞結尾，第二段以The strangeness開頭，
使用了同根詞，使兩個段落銜接緊密、自然流暢。
句1：


句2：

I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in
space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity
definitely makes ordinary things strange！　
The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the
moment we sleep.　
②第三段中的The routine tasks 與第四段開頭的The most
challenging work描述的都是太空任務，它們交替出現既
能避免詞語的重復使用，又能確保這兩段內容之間緊密的
內在聯系。
句1：

The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are
demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.　
句2：



The most challenging work takes place when we need to
perform tasks outside the space station， such as testing new
equipment， monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the
space station.　
第四步：析難句，清閱讀障礙
1. We usually sleep in private quarters， which are more like large
cupboards， or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.
句式分析
自主翻譯

我們通常睡在獨立的睡眠區，更像是大的櫥柜，或者睡
在固定在墻上或者天花板上的睡袋里。　

2. It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，
but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.
句式分析
自主翻譯

嘗試背部沒有壓力入睡是奇怪的，但我們不再為這些特
別的床而煩惱了。　

3. Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body，
we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.
句式分析
自主翻譯

鑒于低重力對人體的這些負面影響，我們嚴格要求自己
每天至少運動兩個小時。　
第五步：拓視野，育思維品質
1. What qualities do you think make an astronaut？（Critical Thinking批
判性思維）




　Brave， curious， confident， considerate， cooperative，
committed， determined， hard-working， healthy， intelligent，
independent， patient， responsible， specialized， self-disciplined，
unselfish， well-organized， optimistic ...　
2. Suppose you are going to stay on the space station for a month—what
would you do？ （Creative Thinking創造性思維）







　①I would carry out some interesting experiments in a low-gravity
environment.（work）
②I would take my favourite food aboard the spacecraft.（eating）
　③I would take photos of the Earth from different angles and share
them with my geography teacher when I return.（leisure activities）
　④I would keep a record of my daily routine on my vlog to share it
with my family and friends back on the Earth.（leisure activities）



　⑤I would take my beloved dog with me aboard the spacecraft.
（leisure activities）
⑥I would ...
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
【教材原句】　Due to the near absence of gravity in space， we have to
attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.由于太空中近乎沒有重
力，我們必須把我們自己固定住，才不會四處漂浮。
【用法】
（1）in the absence of　　　　　缺乏……
in/during one’s absence 某人不在時/期間
absence from school/work 缺課/缺勤
（2）absent adj. 不在的；缺席的；心不在焉的
be absent from ... 　不參加……；缺席……
（3）absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
【佳句】　In the absence of clear goals， we may be stuck in our daily
routine until we become slaves of it.沒有清晰的目標，我們可能會被困
在日常生活中，直到成為它的奴隸。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Our monitor was （absence） from school this
morning.That’s because he caught a high fever last night.
②Apparently， constant absence school caused him to fail in
the final exam.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Much work piled up ， so I will have to work
extra hours today.
我不在時許多工作都堆到了一塊兒，因此今天我只好加班了。
absent　
from　
in/during my absence　
bother vt.使煩惱，使擔心；花費時間精力（做某事）；打擾 vi.花
費時間精力（做某事） n.麻煩，困難
【教材原句】　It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against
our back， but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.試著背部沒
有壓力入睡是奇怪的，但我們不再為這些特別的床而煩惱了。
【用法】
（1）bother to do/doing sth費心做某事
bother sb about/with sth 為某事打擾或麻煩某人
it bothers sb that ... 使某人苦惱的是……，使某人生氣的是……
can’t be bothered to do sth　嫌麻煩而不做某事；懶得做某事
（2）have bother （in） doing sth　做某事費力
【佳句】　Don’t bother me while I’m reading.
我看書的時候別打擾我。
【聯想】　表示“做某事費力”的表達還有have
difficulty/problems/trouble （in） doing sth。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I don’t want to bother her my problems at the
moment.
②You needn’t bother （come） to my office.
③ really bothers me that they haven’t replied to my letters.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④對不起，打擾你了，你能告訴我去車站的路怎么走嗎？

with/about　
to come/coming　
It　
I’m sorry to bother you， but could you direct me to the station？　
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占領，侵占；使忙于
【教材原句】　The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are
demanding， but they can also be extremely rewarding.占用了一天里大
部分時間的日常工作要求很高，但是也會非常有意義。
【用法】
（1）occupy oneself （in） doing sth/with sth　忙著做某事/忙于某事
（2）occupied adj. 已被占用的；無空閑的；在使用中的；被占領的
be occupied （in） doing sth/with sth 忙著做某事/忙于某事
（3）occupation n.侵占，占領；使用；居住；工作，職業
【佳句】　With the College Entrance Examination drawing near， I am
occupied （in） preparing for it.
隨著高考的臨近，我忙于為此做準備。
【聯想】　表示“忙于做某事”的其他表達：
be busy （in） doing sth
be busy with sth
be engaged in doing sth
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He would have attended your birthday party but he
occupied （he） with a very important experiment.
②Choosing an （occupy） takes time， and there are a
lot of things you have to think about.
himself　
occupation　
【寫美】　句式升級
③She is occupied （in） looking after three children at home， so she no
longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
→ three children at home， she no
longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.（過去分詞短語
作狀語）
→ three children at home，
she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.（動詞-
ing短語作狀語）
Occupied （in） looking after　
Occupying herself （in） looking after　
cast new light on使進一步了解……
【教材原句】　Hopefully， it will cast new light on the Earth’s
climate and lead to better lightning protection.
希望這個實驗能使人們進一步了解地球氣候，并更好地做好雷電
防護。
【用法】
bring sth to light　　　揭露；披露；暴露；揭發
shed/throw light on sth 使（問題等）較容易理解
come to light　為人所知；變得眾所周知；暴露
be in sb’s light 擋住某人的光線
in （the） light of 根據；按照
【佳句】　His words cast new light on the problem.
他的話使人們對這個問題有了新的認識。
These discoveries may shed new light on the current situation.
這些發現也許可以讓人們更進一步了解現在的形勢。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The cause of the fire has been just brought light.
②Many or an error has come light by this simple check.
③ （the） light of your health， you’d better stay here for
another day or two.
to　
to　
In　
【寫美】　完成句子
④Recent research has .
最近的研究可以使人進一步了解導致這種疾病的原因。
cast new light on the causes of the disease　
circumstance n.條件，狀況；（circumstances）境況，（尤指）經
濟狀況
【教材原句】　In the circumstances， it’s time for a spacewalk.
在這種情況下，是時候來場太空行走了。
【用法】
（1）in/under the circumstances　在這種情況下，既然如此
（2）in/under no circumstances　　絕不；無論如何都不（位于句首
時，句子要用部分倒裝結構）
in/under any circumstances　在任何情況下
（3）if circumstances allow/permit 如果條件允許的話
（4）financial circumstances 經濟狀況
family/personal circumstances 家庭/個人經濟狀況
【佳句】　Under the circumstances， it seems better not to tell him the
truth.
在這種情況下，不告訴他真相似乎更好。
Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity， which
is vital for my future development.
在任何情況下我都不會錯過這個寶貴的機會，它對我未來的發展至關
重要。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①If （circumstance） permit， I will spare no effort
to help you.
②As an astronaut， he will never give up his dream of exploring
space any circumstances.
③ I don’t like any humour in this serious speech because I can’t think
of any circumstance this would be beneficial or useful.
④If you take full advantage of your speech class， you will be able to
develop your skills as a critical thinker many circumstances.
circumstances　
in/under　
where　
in/under　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
⑤在任何情況下，我都不會做令你討厭的事。（部分倒裝）

In/Under no circumstances will I do something terrible to you.　
exposure n.面臨，遭受；揭露；報道
【教材原句】　First， we put on our spacesuits， which allow us to
breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.
首先，我們穿上太空服，它們可以讓我們在太空中呼吸，保護我們免
受寒冷和輻射的傷害。
【用法】
（1）expose vt.　　　　使暴露（于險境）；揭露，使曝光；使接
觸，使體驗
expose ... to ... 把……暴露在……，使……接觸……
expose sb to ... 使某人接觸……；使某人暴露于……
（2）exposed adj. 無遮蔽的；無保護的
be exposed to 接觸……；暴露于……
【佳句】　Studying abroad means exposure to whole new cultures，
which gives you a mix of excitement and nervousness.去國外學習意味著
體驗全新的文化，這會使你既興奮又緊張。
【練透】　單句語法填空
① （expose） to advertisements constantly can help to
change people’s opinions over time.
②His fatness exposes him a lot of jokes at the office.
③Walking deep into the forest， we suddenly felt very
（expose）.
Exposure　
to　
exposed　
【寫美】　句式升級
④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer， you
will get sunburnt.
→ the sunlight for a long time in summer， you
will get sunburnt.（動詞-ing形式作狀語）
Exposing yourself to　
in view of 鑒于，考慮到
【教材原句】　In view of the low-gravity environment， eating is also
different in space.
考慮到低重力環境，太空中的飲食也大不相同。
【用法】
（1）view n.　　　　 風景；觀點；見解；視野；視線
vt. 觀看；查看；察看
on view 在展出；陳列著；展覽著
in view 在視野中；在看得見的范圍內
in one’s view＝from one’s point of view 在某人看來；依某人的
看法
have a good view of 清楚地看到；飽覽
come into view 映入眼簾，進入視野
（2）view ... as ... 把……看作……
（3）viewer n. 電視觀眾；觀看者；觀察者
【佳句】　In view of the present situation， we’ll have to revise
our original plan.考慮到目前這種情況，我們不得不修改我們原來
的計劃。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When we reached the top of the mountain， a wide plain below
came view.
② view of his disability， his parents often come to his assistance.
③She climbed up to the top of the hill， from where she could have a
good view the whole town.
④When the car was first built， the design was viewed highly
original.
into　
In　
of　
as　
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤ ， we will cancel the outing.
考慮到天氣，我們將取消此次郊游。
In view of the weather　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：as引導讓步狀語從句
【教材原句】　Splendid as the view of the Earth is， spacewalking is
not as exciting as you might think.
雖然地球的景色十分壯觀，但太空行走并不像你們可能想象的那么激
動人心。
【用法】
as用作連詞引導讓步狀語從句時只能用倒裝語序，即從句中的形容
詞、副詞、名詞或動詞原形置于句首，若表語是單數名詞，前置時
要省略冠詞。as意為“盡管，雖然”。常見形式有：
（1）形容詞＋as＋主語＋be＋其他成分
（2）副詞＋as＋主語＋謂語動詞＋其他成分
（3）單數可數名詞＋as＋主語＋be＋其他成分
（4）動詞原形＋as＋主語＋助動詞/情態動詞＋其他成分
雖然他很年輕，但他知道很多天文學知識。
Search as/though they would， they could find nobody in the house.
無論怎樣搜查，他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個人。
【品悟】　Young as he is， he knows a lot about astronomy.
【寫美】　句型轉換
①Although the shop is small， it stocks all kinds of wares.
→ ， it stocks all kinds of wares.（as）
②Although it was raining heavily outside， they started out very early.
→ ， they started out very
early.（as）
③Although he is a child， he can tell right from wrong.
→ ， he can tell right from wrong.（as）
④Although he might try， he couldn’t solve the problem.
→ ， he couldn’t solve the problem.（as）
Small as the shop is　
Heavily as/though it was raining outside　
Child as he is　
Try as he might　
句型公式：“be＋of＋抽象名詞”結構
【教材原句】　Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to
astronauts’ health.
花些時間在健身房鍛煉對宇航員的健康至關重要。
【用法】
（1）be＋of＋抽象名詞＝be＋該抽象名詞相應的形容詞。這種句型
結構可用于說明主語的性質。此類抽象名詞有value、use、
importance、help、interest等，為了強調某種抽象的含義，在抽象名
詞前可用no、some、any、little、much、great等詞修飾。
（2）有些抽象名詞沒有相應的形容詞形式，只能用“be＋of＋名
詞” 結構表示主語的類別特征。這類名詞有size、weight、height、
length、width、age、opinion、colour、price、kind、type、shape、
way、quality等。這類名詞根據具體的情景改變單復數形式，也可在
其前加冠詞。
（3）“be＋of＋名詞”結構還可以表示主語的根源關系，此時的名
詞多是表示親屬、血統、種族、國籍及出處的名詞，常用的有
family、blood、race、origin等。
（4）“be＋of＋名詞”結構的否定形式一般為“be＋of＋no＋名
詞”。
【品悟】　Reading is of vital importance in language learning.閱讀在
語言學習中至關重要。
【寫美】　完成句子/句型轉換
①A college education in one’s life.
大學教育在人的一生中具有重要意義。
②In my opinion， grouping students based on their language abilities
.
在我看來，根據學生的語言能力對他們進行分組是非常重要的。
③The products .
這些產品質量很好。　（應用文寫作之推薦信）
is of great significance　
is
of great importance　
are of high quality　
④The two poodles .
這兩只獅子狗大小一樣，顏色相同。
⑤Getting up early in the morning is very beneficial to this patient’s
health.
→Getting up early in the morning is to this patient’s
health.
⑥The medicine is of no use to this disease.
→The medicine this disease.
are of the same size and colour　
of great benefit　
is useless to　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1. However， I did not give up and I spent most of my l hours to
practice playing the piano.
2. A man has claimed to have spotted an unusual c on the giant
Red Planet in a recently released photo of Mars.
eisure　
reature　
3. According to the doctor， you shouldn’t take more than six p in
24 hours.
4. It is common knowledge that wood can f on the water.
5. The rooms were spacious， with tall windows and high c .
6. It is certain that studying at home requires a good deal of
（自制力）.
7. I don’t think you have realized the （嚴重性） of the
situation up to now.
8. These measures have played a （極重要的） role in restoring
the economy.
ills　
loat　
eilings　
discipline　
gravity　
vital　
9. Choosing a kitchen （櫥柜） depends on various
factors， such as your storage needs and kitchen style.
10. Traditionally， astronomers study stars and planets with
telescopes.However， they can also learn about them by
using （顯微鏡） on rocks from outer space that hit
the Earth.
cupboard　
microscopes　
維度二：詞形轉換
用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。
1. We did not receive any news during his long （absent）.
2. The space station requires routine （maintain） and
safety checks on most days.
3. Fill the form and write down your name， address and
（occupy）.
4. ①You had better put down your goals on paper where they
are （vision） so that they can help to monitor your
progress.
②He has （visible） aged and weakened since I saw him a
year ago.
absence　
maintenance　
occupation　
visible　
visibly　
5. Radiation （expose） can affect the process of
generating new cells in the brain， harming astronauts’ health.
6. If you don’t give up smoking now， it may damage your
health （permanent）.
7. The research proved the link between exposure to
（radiate） and childhood cancer.
8. In his book， the professor attempted an honest
（evaluate） of his own contribution to the country.
exposure　
permanently　
radiation　
evaluation　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1. 盡管他很累，但他還是努力幫助我們。（as）
， he tried to help us.
2. 考慮到游客的安全，太空博物館采取了各種措施限制游客流量。
（in view of）
， the Space Museum took various
measures to limit visitor flow.
3. 這是我所看過的最有趣的書。（否定詞＋比較級）
I have book.
Tired as he was　
In view of the safety of visitors　
never seen a more interesting　
4. 我們兩天內完成這項工作是可能的。（it作形式主語）
the work in two days.
5. 為了保持健康，我決心改掉這些壞習慣。（so that引導目的狀
語從句）
I determined to break myself of these bad habits
.
It is possible for us to finish　
so that I could keep
fit　
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容， 在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確
形式。
Life on a space station
　　Every would-be astronaut dreams of living in space one day.My life
on a space station is full of 1. （challenge）， but it’s
magical.We astronauts usually sleep in large cupboard-like private quarters
2. sleeping bags which are attached to the walls or the ceiling.Our
routine tasks 3. occupy most of the day include conducting
challenges　
or　
which/that
biological experiments and experiments in other research fields.The
4. （challenging） mission among them happens
when we perform tasks outside the space station.Every spacewalk is
5. （careful） planned because it probably is the most
dangerous work.
most challenging　
carefully　
　　We eat in a different way 6. space.Most food is dried or
freeze-dried， and fresh fruit and vegetables are precious.In addition， we
must take pills to ensure a（n） 7. （balance） supply of
nutrients.8. is of vital importance to our health is spending at
least two hours of exercise every day in the gym.When exercising， we
have to be tied onto the special exercise equipment 9. （stop）
ourselves from floating around.
　　In spite of the strangeness of living in space， the 10.
（relax） leisure time and the striking views outside the space station
really make the life worth it.
in　
balanced　
What　
to stop　
relaxing　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　In 2020 Sarah Al-Amiri， now 35， was appointed chairwoman of
the United Arab Emirates Space Agency （UAESA）.She was shocked at
the honour and the responsibilities that came with it， but she could not
have been entirely surprised.Amiri has been fascinated by space since she
was 12 years old.However， given that space exploration was still in the
hands of just a few of the world’s largest nations，
it seemed unlikely to young Amiri that a country like the UAE would reach
space any time soon.So rather than anything directly space-related， Amiri
studied computer programming in college.But by the time she graduated in
2009， the first green shoots of an Emirati space programme had begun to
grow so she applied to join UAESA and was hired at 22 as a software
engineer.
　　The UAE launched its first Earth observation satellite， DubaiSAT-
1， in 2009， followed by DubaiSAT-2 in 2013.Then， in 2014， it set
its goal to send a probe to Martian orbit by 2021.Amiri was named deputy
project manager and science lead on the mission， which had the
ambitious goal of mapping Mars’ entire atmosphere over a whole Martian
year.The spacecraft Amiri’s team designed and built for the mission was
named Hope that took seven months to reach the Red Planet.Waiting for
news of the spacecraft’s arrival on 9 February 2021， was， said
Amiri， “the toughest point.”At that time， she was standing outside
the Burj Khalifa and celebrating with the crowds who had gathered to mark
the moment.
　　The Hope mission was not just ambitious in terms of its scope （范
圍）， but also in terms of gender （性別） representation.Amiri’s
science team included 80％ women， an unusual number in the field of
space exploration.She has always been determined that gender would not
in any way hold her back in her chosen field.“I grew up to be — and
continue to be — deaf to the challenges related to gender，” she says.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了阿米里被任命為阿
聯酋空間局局長，成功帶領團隊把太空飛船送上火星的故事。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了阿米里被任命為阿
聯酋空間局局長，成功帶領團隊把太空飛船送上火星的故事。
1. How did Amiri feel when learning about her appointment？（　　）
A. Amazed. B. Worried.
C. Confused. D. Delighted.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段第二句可知，接到這份任命，
阿米里感到震驚。
2. What inspired Amiri to be a member of UAESA？（　　）
A. Her passion for challenges.
B. Her major in computer programming.
C. The mission of sending spacecraft to space.
D. The development of Emirati space programmes.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句可知，促使阿米里成
為阿聯酋空間局一員的原因是阿聯酋太空計劃的發展。
3. What do the underlined words “the moment” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（　　）
A. The UAE launched DubaiSAT.
B. Mars’ entire atmosphere was mapped.
C. The UAE’s spacecraft landed on Mars.
D. Amiri was named deputy project manager.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。第二段中提到阿米里帶領的團隊將為此次
任務設計和建造的太空船命名為“希望號”，它歷時七個月抵達紅
色星球。阿米里說，等待飛船于2021年2月9日抵達的消息是最艱難
的時刻。由此可知，畫線部分the moment指的是太空船著陸火星的
時刻。
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A. A Hard Road to Success
B. A Journey of Space Exploration
C. The Woman Achieving Great Goals
D. The Woman Taking the UAE to Mars
解析： 　標題歸納題。根據全文內容可知，本文主要講述了以阿
米里等女性為主要成員的團隊成功將太空飛船送上火星的故事。
B
　　What do Neil Armstrong， Ed White and today’s astronauts have in
common？ They all wear a white spacesuit.Beyond NASA， space
programmes in countries like Russia and China also use white suits.This
basic colour has saved countless astronauts’ lives.NASA didn’t always
have white spacesuits.Their very first manned spaceflight， Project
Mercury， used silver suits， but none of those astronauts actually
explored the vacuum （真空） of space.And that’s the key because out
there， spacesuits have to be highly reflective.And the best colour for that
isn’t silver， but white.
　　Here on Earth， our atmosphere protects us from 77％of the sun’s
radiation.But astronauts in space don’t have that natural protection，
making them easily hurt by extreme temperatures， severe sunburn， and
even cancer-causing cell damage.So to prevent that， they wear white
suits that reflect the sun’s harmful radiation.
　　But those white suits aren’t the only garments in an astronaut’s
closet.When heading into space or coming home， NASA astronauts wear
a bright orange suit similar in colour to the safety vests Air Force pilots
wear， and it’s for similar reasons that loud orange stands out against the
blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention.
　　That being said， times are changing.Nowadays we have more ways
of finding out astronauts in need of rescue like GPS， so space agencies
are now free to get creative with their colour choices.NASA and other
programmes are already starting to use other colours like deep blue and
mustard yellow.In the future， they could look a lot different because
NASA is heading to Mars.It will be the longest crewed space mission to
date， taking as long as three years from start to finish， and during that
time， astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression.That’s where
colourful spacesuits could be useful.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空服的顏色并不
總是像人們認為的那樣是白色的，隨著時代和科技的進步，它們也
可以是其他的顏色。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空服的顏色并不
總是像人們認為的那樣是白色的，隨著時代和科技的進步，它們也
可以是其他的顏色。
5. What is the benefit of wearing white spacesuits？（　　）
A. Providing protection against hot air.
B. Building team spirit among astronauts.
C. Avoiding damaging the vacuum of space.
D. Guarding astronauts against solar radiation.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知，穿白色太空服
可以保護宇航員不受到太陽輻射帶來的危害。
6. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. Astronauts in bright orange are easy to spot by rescue crews.
B. Astronauts have to prepare white suits diverse in patterns.
C. Loud orange is the colour of choice for dangerous space missions.
D. The safety vests Air Force pilots wear are popular with astronauts.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，亮橙色非常引人注
意。由此推知，亮橙色的太空服很容易被救援人員發現。
7. Why will NASA use colourful spacesuits for the space mission to
Mars？（　　）
A. To set a new trend for spacesuits.
B. To brighten up the dull space life.
C. To show astronauts’ creative minds.
D. To meet the demand of space agencies.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段可推知，美國國家航空航天
局要把去火星執行任務時的太空服制成彩色的是為了活躍沉悶的太
空生活氛圍。
8. What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A. Do Spacesuits Always Stay White？
B. How Do Spacesuits Protect Astronauts？
C. Do Colourful Spacesuits Have Advantages？
D. Why Is White So Popular With Astronauts？
解析：　標題歸納題。根據文章內容可知，本文主要介紹了太空
服的顏色并不總是像人們認為的那樣是白色的，隨著時代和科技的
進步，它們也可以是其他顏色的。故A項可以作為本文標題。
C
　　Around the country and around the world， there is no shortage of
human suffering.Poverty， disease， violence， hurricanes， wildfire
and more are constantly troubling humanity， and even our best efforts
thus far can’t address all of everybody’s needs.Many are looking for
places to cut funding， and one of the first places that comes up in
conversation is excessive spending on space exploration.What good is it to
conduct microgravity experiments repeatedly when children are starving？
Why launch so many space-related projects when nuclear war threatens our
planet？
　　This is a line of thinking that has been coming up throughout
history.Yes， it’s short-sighted， in that it fails to recognize that our
greatest problems require long-term investment， and that society’s
greatest advances come about through hard work， research，
development， and often are realized decades after that is made.Investing
in science is investing in the betterment of humanity.
　　Over these years， many of the results of the space research have
been adapted to be applicable to our daily lives.For example， NASA’s
advancements in the areas of robotics have given manufacturers an
additional basis for the development of more advanced artificial
limbs.Additionally， certain nutritional enrichment ingredients （成分）
that were developed by NASA have been integrated into baby food
formula.
　　Space technology has also helped improve economies.Within the next
three years， the space exploration and space tourism industry are
expected to be valued at $3 trillion.It is true that for every dollar we spend
on the space programme， the US economy receives about $8 of economic
benefit.Space exploration can also serve as the motivation for children to
enter the fields of science and engineering.
　　To many people， the idea of space travel may still seem far from
practical.However， I believe that it is important that we keep going
forward or we’ll risk delaying further discoveries and technological
advancements that will be beneficial for us.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。世界上有很多人面臨著貧困、疾病
和自然災害等帶來的痛苦，因此有些人認為太空探索方面的支出應
該被削減，但作者認為太空計劃項目的投資對人類來說大有裨益。
本文是一篇議論文。世界上有很多人面臨著貧困、疾病
和自然災害等帶來的痛苦，因此有些人認為太空探索方面的支出應
該被削減，但作者認為太空計劃項目的投資對人類來說大有裨益。
9. According to Paragraph 1， what do some people think of space
exploration？（　　）
A. Useless. B. Wasteful.
C. Beneficial. D. Harmful.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段內容可知，許多人認為當前
世界上還有許多需要解決的問題，而人們普遍認為太空探索方
面的支出應當進行削減。由此可推知，一些人認為太空探索是
浪費資源的。
10. What does the underlined word “that” in the second paragraph refer
to？（　　）
A. The advance. B. The development.
C. The investment. D. The problem.
解析：　代詞指代題。根據畫線詞所在句可知，這些人認為在太空
探索方面的支出應當進行削減，這是因為他們沒有意識到解決社會最
嚴重的問題需要長期的投資；通過努力、研究和發展實現的社會的巨
大進步都是在投資之后的幾十年才會實現。因此that指的是前面所說
的投資，畫線詞后一句也在講投資的重要性。
11. How does NASA’s advancements contribute to the development of
artificial limbs？（　　）
A. By providing a foundation.
B. By adding certain materials.
C. By acting as a driving force.
D. By helping realize the mass production.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中舉的例子可知，美國國家
航空航天局在機器人科學方面的進步為假肢的發展提供了基礎。
12. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs？（　　）
A. Space programmes are of great benefit to us.
B. Space travel appears to be within people’s reach.
C. More and more children are interested in science.
D. New technological discoveries have been delayed.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后兩段內容可知，在未來三年
內，太空探索和太空旅游產業的價值預計將達到3萬億美元，太空
探索也可以成為孩子們進入科學和工程領域的動力。由此可推
知，太空計劃對人類社會大有裨益。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　There is something about Mars that always fascinates us.Throughout
history， different cultures and individuals have looked at the blood-red
star in the night sky and filled it with whatever their imaginations
associated with the unknown.
　　13. （　　）.The first is its red colour.The second is that it is the
only planet that appears to undergo significant change in
brightness.Sometimes it burns brightly.At other times， it fades （褪
色） into darkness.
　　Perhaps it is these comings and goings that have stimulated our
curiosity through the ages， as the vast library of stories set on the Red
Planet can prove.14.（　　） The imaginations of many writers were fed
by the leading scientific investigations of their age.
　　The late 19th century witnessed a particularly strong interest in
Mars.Telescopes were just starting to solve the mystery of the planet’s
surface features， but somehow our brains joined the faintly visible objects
on it into straight lines.15.（　　）， with the supposed Martians
digging canals in a desperate attempt to supply the deserts with water.
　　So widespread was the belief in Martian life that， in 1891， when
Anne Goguet established a prize of 100，000 francs to be awarded to the
first person to communicate with extraterrestrials （外星人）， Martians
weren’t taken into consideration.16.（　　）.
　　So why has Mars risen above all other planets in the public
awareness？ I believe it is because the more we discover about it， the
better it becomes.17.（　　）.Mars has taller volcanoes， deeper
canyons， colder deserts and larger dust storms.Everything about it spells
adventure — and that is irresistible to us.
A. We can be on Mars at the click of a mouse
B. Yet these works aren’t wholly imaginative ideas
C. This led to the idea that Mars was a dying planet
D. We can’t help but project our hopes and fears onto Mars
E. The reason is simply that talking to them would be too easy
F. Of the five planets visible to humans on Earth， Mars stands out for
two reasons
G. It is a world composed of larger-than-life versions of Earth’s most
exciting landscapes
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人類為什么熱衷于探索
火星。
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人類為什么熱衷于探索
火星。
13. F　設空處位于段首，一般為所在段落的主旨句。下文指出：第
一，它呈紅色；第二，它是唯一一顆亮度會出現顯著變化的行星。F
項符合語境，對下文內容作出概括總結。F項中的two reasons與下文中
的The first和The second相呼應。
14. B　設空處前一句說明了也許正是這種亮度變化激發了我們的好
奇心，大量以火星為背景的故事都可以證明這一點。設空處后一句介
紹了很多作家的想象力受到了當時的先進科學研究的影響。B項符合
語境，與上文構成轉折關系。B項中的these works指代設空處前一句
中的the vast library of stories set on the Red Planet，且B項中的
imaginative 與設空處后一句中的imaginations相呼應。
15. C　上文說明了在十九世紀末人們對火星產生了特別濃厚的興
趣。人們開始通過望遠鏡了解火星表面的特征，但人類的大腦卻把這
些隱約可見的物體連接成了直線。而設空處后的內容則指出：所謂的
火星人在絕望地挖掘溝渠，試圖為沙漠供水。C項符合語境。C項中的
This指代上文描述的情況，C項中的dying與設空處后的a desperate
attempt相呼應。
16. E　根據上文可知，人們普遍相信火星上存在生命，Anne Goguet
在1891年提供10萬法郎的獎金，獎勵第一個與外星人交流的人，而火
星人并未被考慮在內。E項符合語境，與上文構成因果關系。E項中的
them指代上文中的Martians，且E項中的talking to與上文中的
communicate with是同義詞復現。
17. G　上文指出：我們之所以更重視火星，是因為我們越了解它，
它就越好。G項緊承上文，作出進一步解釋說明，符合語境。G項中
的It指代Mars，G項中的larger-than-life versions of Earth’s most
exciting landscapes與設空處后的taller volcanoes， deeper canyons，
colder deserts and larger dust storms相呼應。
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