資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
維度一：單句語法填空
1.The two brothers both went 　　　　　　their father’s will， which made him very upset.
2.As 　　　　　　result， many accidents had taken place by the time a law was worked out.
3.When evening falls，many students crowd 　　　　　　the library and read relevant books in connection with their courses.
4.They certainly deserved 　　　　　　（win） that diving competition.
5.There were calls for her 　　　　　　（resign） from the board of directors.
維度二：語法與寫作
1.政府向失業者分發食品。（介詞短語作后置定語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.因為大雨，飛機沒有準時起飛。（名詞短語作賓語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.這個男孩應受懲罰，因為他偷了店里的平板電腦。（動詞短語作謂語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.如果這個賬單五天內不付，你的液化氣供應將會被切斷。（介詞短語作狀語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.當人們不明白他想說什么時，他會感到沮喪。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
維度三：語法與語篇
根據提示翻譯下面語段。
上周日，我們的志愿者俱樂部（NP）去了敬老院。一到那里，我們就開始打掃衛生（VP），然后為老年人理發、唱歌。臉上帶著燦爛的笑容（PrepP），老人們高興地觀看了我們的表演。雖然很累，但是我們感到很開心（AdjP）。最重要的是（AdvP），我們能夠為他人做一些有益的事情。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
（2024·蘭州高二下質檢）Have you ever felt that your life might be jammed on fast forward， accelerating away from you into the distance？ It’s not your imagination： we are surrounded by daily indications that the pace of life is picking up， from how quickly we think the day is passing， to the length of shots in Hollywood movies， to our ever-decreasing patience for standing around in queues.
Nowhere is this more common than in the office， where life can feel like an endless procession of emails and meetings.According to research by Jonathan B Spira， CEO of Basex， two thirds of workers felt that they didn’t have enough time to get everything done — and 94% have at some point felt “overwhelmed by information”.
When we think about stress at work， we make an association with “distress （痛苦）”， i.e.the kind of stress that causes us suffering.But we often overlook the “eustress” — the kind of positive， pleasant feeling that comes from tackling and mastering a difficult task.There must be something in the idea of eustress — most surveys of job satisfaction in Europe and the US suggest that most people don’t hate their jobs.
Even as it has increased the time pressure on us， an accelerated world has also changed the nature of our daily work — potentially making it more creative and rewarding.Yes， automation （自動化） has destroyed jobs （as well as created new ones）.But automation has also taken away many tasks that were dull， routine or dangerous.
And as the digital revolution rolls on， helping to speed many tasks up， the jobs that are left， or newly created， are those that involve applying creativity to problems， or managing the processes that computers are carrying out.
There’s nothing that we like more than complaining about the pace of life.To be sure， an accelerated lifestyle has its stresses.But they are often fixable — for example by turning off email notifications.And if given the chance to give up the technology that enables this quickening pace， most of us wouldn’t go back.
1.What’s the main idea of the first paragraph？（　　）
A.We become less patient. B.We live under great pressure.
C.Our lives are becoming quicker. D.Our lives are filled with information.
2.What do we often ignore according to the text？（　　）
A.The harm of stress. B.The benefits of stress.
C.Our love of our jobs. D.Our hate for our jobs.
3.What does the author think of automation？（　　）
A.It has done us great good. B.It has taken away our jobs.
C.It has replaced human beings. D.It has presented a threat to us.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards a hurried lifestyle？（　　）
A.Critical.　　　　　　 B.Worried.
C.Confused. D.Favourable.
B
（2024·濟寧高二下月考）Parents from Shanghai to Chicago are proudly putting pictures of their children on social media.
It might be taken for granted — but no previous generation of children will have had the experience of having their entire childhoods intensively and publicly documented in this way.
In the UK， the average parent with a social media account has posted 1，498 photos of their child online by their fifth birthday， according to a survey by domain name company， Nominet.
This might be a global phenomenon for proud parents — but what about the children， who will have been too young to have any choice in the matter.
But the very first people to have had some of their childhood pictures posted online are now reaching adulthood. And they are not always happy about their formative years （形成期） being preserved online.
“When I was 12 or 13， I started realising there were things （on Facebook） that I thought were a bit embarrassing，” said 16-year-old Lucy， from Newcastle， whose dad has been posting pictures of her on the social networking site since she was seven.
“I asked him to take them down and he was happy to， but he didn’t quite understand why. If I had been asked （at the time）， do you want these photos out there for all to see， I would’ve probably said no.”
Even those who were pleased to be on social media as children are less sure about it now. Dana Hurley， 20， from east London， said that as an 11-year-old she was happy for her parents to post photos of her on Facebook.
“At the time it was exciting ...I liked attention. Now it’s kind of weird （古怪的） because you look back and think， this was for everyone to see，” she said.
Parents may not realise it， but by posting photos and videos of their children online， they are creating an identity for their children that might not be welcomed， according to psychologist Dr Arthur Cassidy.
5.What’s the parents’ attitude towards putting their children’s pictures online？（　　）
A.They feel proud. B.They feel regret.
C.They think it embarrassing. D.They think it inappropriate.
6.According to Nominet， how many pictures of a child are posted online every year？（　　）
A.About 250. B.About 300.
C.About 350. D.About 400.
7.How did Lucy feel about her photos being posted online？（　　）
A.Pleased. B.Curious.
C.Confused. D.Uncomfortable.
8.What can we learn about Dana Hurley？（　　）
A.She always liked to get attention.
B.She felt satisfied with what her parents did.
C.She couldn’t understand her parents’ behaviour.
D.She changed her mind about posting photos online.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Happiness — you know it when you see it， but it’s hard to define.You might call it a sense of wellbeing， of optimism or of meaningfulness in life.9.（　　） We also know that we don’t always have control over our happiness.Research suggests that genetics （遺傳學） may play a big role in our normal level of subjective well-being， so some of us may start out at a disadvantage.
10.（　　） “For physical health， it’s not so much happiness itself， but this ability to regulate （調節） and have a sense of purpose and meaning，” said Laura Kubzansky， professor of social and behavioural sciences at Harvard School of Public Health.
11.（　　） A 2012 review of more than 200 studies found positive psychological qualities， such as happiness， optimism and life satisfaction can lead to a lowered risk of cardiovascular （心血管的） disease.
It’s not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”，of course.If you have a good sense of wellbeing， it’s easier to maintain good habits：Exercising， eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep， researchers said.12.（　　）
You might be thinking：“Maybe I would be happier if I had more money.” There’s that old cliché “money doesn’t buy happiness” — but is it true？ A 2010 study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that emotional wellbeing rises with income up to a point， which seems to be a household income of 75，000.13.（　　） “More money does not necessarily buy more happiness， but less money is associated with emotional pain，” Kahneman and Deaton wrote.
A.Nothing is better than health.
B.It’s true that everyone is after happiness.
C.But whatever happiness is， we know that we want it.
D.Day-to-day happiness did not increase with higher incomes.
E.Managing emotional ups and downs is important for both body and mind.
F.Many studies have found a link between psychological and physical wellbeing.
G.People who have an optimistic mindset may be more likely to engage in healthy behaviours.
Ⅲ.完形填空
I’m a mixed-race Chinese-Canadian， but grew up in a white and Chinese neighbourhood in France. 　14　， I never felt I particularly belonged to either. I was always in between.　15　to speak Chinese， I didn’t always feel 　16　 with the Chinese kids.
Through 　17　， however， I could create a sense of 　18　. While growing up， I ate and watched the Chinese food my grandmother and father cooked. Food became how I 　19　 to what it meant to be Chinese.
Now I operate a frozen handmade dumpling company in England. Every week I 　20　 thousands of dumplings， freeze them and 　21　 come to pick them up. It’s nothing new or 　22　. I’m only a businessman with an iPhone and a website， but I 　23　 what I am doing with food and the 　24　 food can communicate.
In my business， I research the cooking styles of China to create delicious dumplings. Studying the cooking traditions and 　25　 these understandings through my business has turned out to be my salvation （救贖） in self-worth and 　26　. I don’t know what I would be if I couldn’t cook， eat， think， live and 　27　 these traditions.
Food is our heritage — its preparation， taste， appearance and the stories around each dish display what a culture 　28　. Also through food people in the world can find commonality.
14.（　）A.Besides　　　　 B.However
C.Otherwise D.Meanwhile
15.（　）A.Unable B.Pleased
C.Anxious D.Unprepared
16.（　）A.ignored B.inspired
C.challenged D.included
17.（　）A.language B.study
C.food D.communication
18.（　）A.direction B.belonging
C.achievement D.responsibility
19.（　）A.connected B.turned
C.compared D.adapted
20.（　）A.sell B.fold
C.boil D.deliver
21.（　）A.travelers B.cookers
C.customers D.salesmen
22.（　）A.traditional B.regular
C.special D.common
23.（　）A.keep to B.care about
C.depend on D.reflect on
24.（　）A.levels B.messages
C.calories D.concepts
25.（　）A.changing B.deepening
C.creating D.displaying
26.（　）A.attitude B.fate
C.intelligence D.identity
27.（　）A.share B.obey
C.search D.combine
28.（　）A.explores B.suggests
C.confirms D.values
Ⅳ.語法填空
The pursuit of happiness and health is a popular effort.New findings recently reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences point towards an answer commonly 29.　　　　　 （overlook）： meaning in life.
One key question addressed in this research is： what advantage might 30.　　　　　　 （have） a strong sense of meaning in life afford a few years down the road？
31.　　　　　　 the whole， individuals with a higher sense of meaning in life a few years earlier were later living lives characterised by health and wellbeing.
We know a few things about participants in the research 32.　　　　　　 reported relatively higher meaning in life.For instance， they contacted their friends 33.　　　　　　 （frequent）， belonged to social groups， engaged in volunteering， and maintained some healthy habits relating to sleep， diet and exercise.
Connecting socially with others 34.　　　　　　 （be） important for both happiness and meaning， 35.　　　　　　 doing so in a way that promotes meaning can happen at the cost of 36.　　　　　　 （person） happiness， at least temporarily.
Given the long-term social， mental， and physical 37.　　　　　　 （benefit） of having a sense of meaning in life， the recommendation here is clear.Rather than pursuing happiness as an end-state， ensuring one’s activities provide a sense of meaning might be a 38.　　　　　　 （good） route to living well.
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.against　2.a　3.in　4.to win　5.resignation
維度二
1.The government gave out food to people out of work.
2.The plane didn’t take off on time because of the heavy rain.
3.The boy deserved punishment for stealing/having stolen the tablet of the shop.
4.If this bill is not paid within five days， your gas supply will be cut off.
5.He gets/becomes very frustrated when people don’t understand what he’s trying to say.
維度三
　　Last Sunday，our volunteer club went to the home for the aged.On arriving there， we got down to doing some cleaning， after which we cut hair and sang songs for the elderly.With big smiles on their faces， they watched our performance happily.Tired as we were， we felt very happy.Most importantly， we could do something beneficial to others.
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。我們經常抱怨越來越多的壓力和越來越快的生活節奏，可是，壓力和快節奏也有其好處。
1.C　段落大意題。根據第一段可知，本段主要說明我們的生活節奏日益加快。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第三段可知，作者認為，我們通常只是看到壓力之“弊”，卻忽視了壓力之“利”。
3.A　細節理解題。根據倒數第三段可知，作者認為，雖然自動化剝奪了一些工作，但它同時創造了一些新工作，而且還代替我們做一些枯燥和危險的工作。
4.D　觀點態度題。根據最后一段可知，作者認為，雖然我們都抱怨現在快節奏的生活，但是沒有人愿意再回到過去。由此判斷，作者對快節奏的生活方式持贊成的態度。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。很多父母都喜歡在社交媒體上曬自己孩子的照片，可是，這些父母是否考慮過孩子們長大后的想法和感受呢？
5.A　細節理解題。根據第一、二段可知，父母們對于在社交媒體上曬自己孩子照片的做法感到自豪并認為這理所當然。
6.B　細節理解題。根據第三段可知，Nominet的調查顯示，小孩到5歲生日時，父母平均曬其照片1，498張，因此平均每年曬大約300張。
7.D　細節理解題。根據第六、七段可知，Lucy感覺自己的照片在網上被曬有點尷尬。
8.D　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段可知，Dana Hurley小時候喜歡自己的照片被曬，可是現在她感覺這樣做很古怪。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了何為幸福以及我們怎樣才能獲得幸福這一話題。
9.C　上句在討論對“幸福”的定義，本句接著說“無論你怎么定義幸福，我們都渴望得到它”。因此C項符合語境。
10.E　下句提到的this ability to regulate正是指E項所說的“管理情緒起落的能力”。
11.F　下文告訴我們：一些研究表明，積極的心理品質會降低患心血管疾病的風險，因此F項（許多研究發現了心理和身體健康之間的聯系）符合語境。
12.G　上文提到幸福感強的人往往會有良好的生活習慣，G項進一步說明：心態樂觀的人更熱愛參加健康的活動。
13.D　上句提到人們的幸福感會隨著收入的增長而增強，本句接著告訴我們：當年收入超過75，000美元后，幸福感則不會進一步增加。因此D項符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作為一名華裔，作者感覺在哪個群體中都找不到自己的歸屬；但是通過傳承中國的飲食——水餃，卻獲得了一種歸屬感。
14.B　根據語境可知，雖然作者生長在既有中國人也有白人的社區，但是自己卻沒有特別感到自己屬于哪個群體。前后句之間是轉折關系。
15.A　根據下文內容可知，作者不會說漢語，所以和中國孩子們在一起時總是無法融入其中，自我感覺被排斥。
16.D　根據上下文語境可知，作者感覺不到自己真正屬于哪個群體。
17.C　從下文多次出現的food和dumplings可知，作者在中國的飲食中找到了歸屬感。
18.B　參見上題解析。
19.A　作者在中國的飲食中找到了歸屬感，也就是中國的食物成了他和中國的聯系。
20.B　根據語境可知，作者包好水餃后，把水餃冷凍，然后等顧客來取走。
21.C　前來購買作者水餃的應該統稱為顧客。
22.C　根據下文內容可知，作者認為自己做的這些事不是什么新鮮事，也不是什么特別的事情。
23.B　根據空前but表示的轉折內容可知，雖然作者認為自己僅僅是個生意人，但是他在乎自己做的事情。care about意為“在乎；關心”。
24.B　作者喜歡食物本身所傳遞的信息。
25.D　作者研究中國的飲食傳統并且制作出更加美味的水餃。由此推斷，他是在通過自己的生意來展現自己對中國飲食的理解。
26.D　根據上文可知，作者找不到歸屬，但是水餃卻讓他有了對中國飲食的認同，確定了自己的身份，從而獲得了歸屬感。
27.A　作者通過研究飲食文化并且通過自己的生意展現出自己對飲食文化的理解，由此可知，他是在分享這些飲食文化傳統。
28.D　飲食文化表現了一種民族文化所珍視的東西。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要告訴我們這樣一個事實：給人生賦予意義有助于我們獲得幸福。
29.overlooked　這里表示該答案“被忽略”，應用過去分詞作后置定語。
30.having　本句中　　　　 a strong sense of meaning in life作主語，因此應用動詞-ing形式。
31.On　on the whole是固定短語，意為“總的說來”。
32.who/that　本句中participants為先行詞，應用關系代詞who/that引導一個定語從句。
33.frequently　此處應用一個副詞來修飾謂語動詞contacted，故填frequently。
34.is　本句主語為動詞-ing短語Connecting socially with others，視為單數，故填系動詞is。
35.but　前后兩個分句存在轉折關系，故填并列連詞but。
36.personal　本空后面是名詞happiness，故填形容詞personal。
37.benefits　這里benefit是可數名詞，應用復數形式。
38.better　這里是將ensuring one’s activities provide a sense of meaning與前面的pursuing happiness as an end-state進行對比，故填good的比較級better。
4 / 5Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
復習短語
①I just got a parcel from home！
②So I’ve been here in the jungle for about a month now.
③I’ve had to become much more imaginative in my teaching.
④To be honest， I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.
⑤Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village ...
⑥Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there ...
⑦When we arrived at the village， Tombe’s mother， Kiak， saw us coming and started crying “ieee ieee”.
⑧The only possessions I could see were one broom， a few saucers， a kettle， cups， pans， and a couple of jars.
⑨We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.
【我的發現】
1.上面句子中加黑部分為名詞短語的是句　　　。
2.上面句子中加黑部分為動詞短語的是句　　　　　　。
3.上面句子中加黑部分為形容詞短語的是句 　　　　。
4.上面句子中加黑部分為介詞短語的是句　　　　　　。
一、基本概念
英語中的短語是有一定意義但不構成獨立從句或句子的一組詞。從形式結構角度劃分，英語的短語可分為名詞短語、動詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語、介詞短語等。英語短語的句法功能通常與對應的單詞的句法功能類似，比如，名詞短語與名詞功能相似，在句中主要作主語、賓語；介詞短語主要充當定語、狀語、補語。
He failed to get the first prize in the match.
他沒能在比賽中獲得一等獎。（failed to get是動詞短語，the first prize是名詞短語，in the match是介詞短語）
二、短語分類
1.動詞短語
（1）連系動詞（be/feel/look ...）＋形容詞/過去分詞＋介詞
be open to　　 　對……開放
be interested in 對……感興趣
be glad to meet you 見到你很高興
be used to smoking 習慣于吸煙
（2）動詞＋動詞-ing形式/to do/普通名詞
enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事
finish doing sth 做完某事
want to leave 想要離開
plan to do sth 計劃做某事
drink wine 喝酒
walk the dog 遛狗
（3）動詞＋介詞
act as 擔任
act for 代理
apply to 應用于，適合于；向……申請
apply for 申請；要求
belong to 屬于
belong in 住在；應歸入……
belong with 應歸于（類別、范疇等）
call on 號召，請求；拜訪（on后接人）
call at 探訪（at后接地方）
（4）動詞＋副詞
put up 舉起，張貼
put on 穿上
put down 放下
put away 放好，收拾好
give up 放棄，戒掉
give away 捐出；放出
give back 歸還
（5）動詞＋副詞＋介詞
look forward to 盼望，期望
look down upon/on 輕視，看不起
（6）動詞＋賓語＋介詞
spend ...on ... 把……花在……上
pay ...for ... 花……買……
pay attention to 重視，注意
make contributions to 為……作貢獻
devote oneself to 投身于……
【即時演練1】　完成句子
　①Once he 　　　　　　　　　　，nothing could be done to 　　　　　　　　　　.
一旦他下定決心，任何事也不能改變他的想法。
②Meanwhile， his parents 　　　　　　　　　　　　his life and safety.
與此同時，他的父母擔心他的生命和安全。
③Not until he 　　　　　　　　　real hardship did he realise the love we have for our families is important.
直到他經歷了真正的困難，他才意識到我們對家人的愛是重要的。
④We should 　　　　　　　　every opportunity to practise English so that we can eventually 　　　　　　　　　　　it.
我們應該利用一切機會練習英語，以便最終能把它掌握好。
2.介詞短語（介詞＋賓語）
介詞短語與短語介詞不同。介詞短語是由介詞加賓語構成，本身可作句子成分，如定語或狀語等，可單獨使用；而短語介詞是用作介詞的短語，不可獨立使用，本身不能作句子成分，后面要跟名詞、動詞-ing形式或代詞等。
【即時演練2】　完成句子
　①Li Hua is fond of music， country music 　　　　　　　　.
李華喜歡音樂，尤其是鄉村音樂。
②　　　　　　　　　　 the cell phone， not only can we get in contact with others， but we can also deal with some problems.
在手機的幫助下，我們不僅可以與他人聯系，還可以處理一些問題。
③We all know success doesn’t happen 　　　　　　　　.Only through hard work can we manage to achieve our dreams.
我們都知道成功不是偶然發生的。只有通過努力，我們才能實現我們的夢想。
④　　　　　　　　 our joint efforts， our environment is becoming better and better.
由于我們的共同努力，我們的環境變得越來越好。
3.名詞短語
名詞短語是名詞與它的修飾語一起構成的短語。
These red roses are for you.（作主語）
這些紅玫瑰是送給你的。
I have three close friends.（作賓語）
我有三個親密的朋友。
He is my best friend.（作表語）
他是我最好的朋友。
There are some red roses on that small table.（some red roses作主語， that small table作介詞on的賓語）
那張小桌上有一些紅玫瑰。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
　①Fortunately， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　have been taken to ensure people’s lives and safety right away.幸運的是，已經立刻采取了很多措施來確保人們的生命和安全。
②（2023·全國甲卷） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion.
在被廣泛認可的中國歷史人物中，我認為范仲淹是最有影響力的。
4.形容詞、副詞短語
too （short/young/tired ...） to ... 　　　 太（矮/小/累……）而不能……
（old/tall/strong ...） enough to ... 已足夠（大/高/強壯……）而能夠……
as soon as possible　　　　盡快地
as well 也
as big as 和……一樣大
not as/so old as 不如……老
less than 不到
much better than 比……好得多
more beautiful than 比……更漂亮
shorter and shorter 越來越短
the more， the better 越多越好
more and more careful 越來越小心
over and over again 一遍又一遍地
【即時演練4】　完成句子
　①My friend Li Hua took part in the match 　　　　　　　　.
我的朋友李華也參加了比賽。
②My grandpa got down to protecting cultural relics at 　　　　　　　　20.
我爺爺不到20歲時就開始從事文物保護工作。
③In other words，repeating a game 　　　　　　　　　　　　teaches you how to play the game and get better at it.
換句話說，一遍又一遍地重復一個游戲可以教會你如何玩這個游戲并變得更擅長它。
deserve vt.值得；應得；應受
【教材原句】　“...I think everyone deserves the right to be happy，” she said.
她說：“……我認為每個人都應有幸福的權利。”
【用法】
deserve to do sth 應該做某事；值得做某事
deserve to be done＝deserve doing ……值得被做
deserve consideration/attention 值得考慮/注意
deserve sth 值得……
【佳句】　①Seeing that my parents were occupied with their work and looked exhausted， I felt that they deserved a good rest. （人物描寫）
看到我的父母忙于工作，非常疲倦，我覺得他們應該好好休息一下。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He deserves 　　　　　　（win） the game because he has been well prepared for it.
②You are a good human being and you deserve 　　　　　　　　（treat） as such.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Actually， there are many selfless people like Uncle Li around us， and they well 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
其實，我們身邊有很多像李叔叔這樣無私的人，他們很值得我們尊敬。
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
1.①⑧　2.④⑤⑦　3.③　4.②⑥⑨
即時演練1
①made up his mind； change his mind　②were concerned about　③went through　④make use of； have a good command of
即時演練2
①in particular　②With the help of　③by chance
④Thanks to
即時演練3
①a great number of measures
②Among the Chinese historical figures
即時演練4
①as well　②less than　③over and over again
【知識要點·須拾遺】
　①to win　②to be treated/treating　③deserve our respect
4 / 5(共77張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
復習短語
①I just got a parcel from home！
②So I’ve been here in the jungle for about a month now.
③I’ve had to become much more imaginative in my teaching.
④To be honest， I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these
boys’ lives at all.
⑤Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village ...
⑥Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there ...
⑦When we arrived at the village， Tombe’s mother， Kiak， saw us
coming and started crying “ieee ieee”.
⑧The only possessions I could see were one broom， a few saucers， a
kettle， cups， pans， and a couple of jars.
⑨We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm
handshakes.
【我的發現】
1. 上面句子中加藍部分為名詞短語的是句 。
2. 上面句子中加藍部分為動詞短語的是句 。
3. 上面句子中加藍部分為形容詞短語的是句 。
4. 上面句子中加藍部分為介詞短語的是句 。
①⑧　
④⑤⑦　
③　
②⑥⑨　
一、基本概念
英語中的短語是有一定意義但不構成獨立從句或句子的一組詞。從形
式結構角度劃分，英語的短語可分為名詞短語、動詞短語、形容詞短
語、副詞短語、介詞短語等。英語短語的句法功能通常與對應的單詞
的句法功能類似，比如，名詞短語與名詞功能相似，在句中主要作主
語、賓語；介詞短語主要充當定語、狀語、補語。
He failed to get the first prize in the match.
他沒能在比賽中獲得一等獎。（failed to get是動詞短語，the first prize
是名詞短語，in the match是介詞短語）
二、短語分類
1. 動詞短語
（1）連系動詞（be/feel/look ...）＋形容詞/過去分詞＋介詞
be open to 對……開放
be interested in 對……感興趣
be glad to meet you 見到你很高興
be used to smoking 習慣于吸煙
（2）動詞＋動詞-ing形式/to do/普通名詞
enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事
finish doing sth 做完某事
want to leave 想要離開
plan to do sth 計劃做某事
drink wine 喝酒
walk the dog 遛狗
（3）動詞＋介詞
act as 擔任
act for 代理
apply to 應用于，適合于；向……申請
apply for 申請；要求
belong to 屬于
belong in 住在；應歸入……
belong with 應歸于（類別、范疇等）
call on 號召，請求；拜訪（on后接人）
call at 探訪（at后接地方）
（4）動詞＋副詞
put up 舉起，張貼
put on 穿上
put down 放下
put away 放好，收拾好
give up 放棄，戒掉
give away 捐出；放出
give back 歸還
（5）動詞＋副詞＋介詞
look forward to 盼望，期望
look down upon/on 輕視，看不起
（6）動詞＋賓語＋介詞
spend ...on ... 把……花在……上
pay ...for ... 花……買……
pay attention to 重視，注意
make contributions to 為……作貢獻
devote oneself to 投身于……
【即時演練1】 完成句子
　①Once he ，nothing could be done to .
一旦他下定決心，任何事也不能改變他的想法。
②Meanwhile， his parents his life and safety.
與此同時，他的父母擔心他的生命和安全。
③Not until he real hardship did he realise the love we have for our families is important.
直到他經歷了真正的困難，他才意識到我們對家人的愛是重要的。
made up his mind　
change his mind　
were concerned about　
went through　
④We should every opportunity to practise English so
that we can eventually it.
我們應該利用一切機會練習英語，以便最終能把它掌握好。
make use of　
have a good command of　
2. 介詞短語（介詞＋賓語）
介詞短語與短語介詞不同。介詞短語是由介詞加賓語構成，本身可
作句子成分，如定語或狀語等，可單獨使用；而短語介詞是用作介
詞的短語，不可獨立使用，本身不能作句子成分，后面要跟名詞、
動詞-ing形式或代詞等。
【即時演練2】　完成句子
　①Li Hua is fond of music， country music .
李華喜歡音樂，尤其是鄉村音樂。
② the cell phone， not only can we get in contact
with others， but we can also deal with some problems.
在手機的幫助下，我們不僅可以與他人聯系，還可以處理一些問題。
③We all know success doesn’t happen .Only through hard
work can we manage to achieve our dreams.
我們都知道成功不是偶然發生的。只有通過努力，我們才能實現我們
的夢想。
in particular　
With the help of　
by chance　
④ our joint efforts， our environment is becoming better
and better.
由于我們的共同努力，我們的環境變得越來越好。
Thanks to　
3. 名詞短語
名詞短語是名詞與它的修飾語一起構成的短語。
These red roses are for you.（作主語）
這些紅玫瑰是送給你的。
I have three close friends.（作賓語）
我有三個親密的朋友。
He is my best friend.（作表語）
他是我最好的朋友。
There are some red roses on that small table.（some red roses作主
語， that small table作介詞on的賓語）
那張小桌上有一些紅玫瑰。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
①Fortunately， have been taken to
ensure people’s lives and safety right away.
幸運的是，已經立刻采取了很多措施來確保人們的生命和安全。
②（2023·全國甲卷） that are
widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my
opinion.
在被廣泛認可的中國歷史人物中，我認為范仲淹是最有影響力的。
a great number of measures　
Among the Chinese historical figures　
4. 形容詞、副詞短語
too （short/young/tired ...） to ...太（矮/小/累……）而不能……
（old/tall/strong ...） enough to ...
已足夠（大/高/強壯……）而能夠……
as soon as possible 盡快地
as well 也
as big as 和……一樣大
not as/so old as 不如……老
less than 不到
much better than 比……好得多
more beautiful than 比……更漂亮
shorter and shorter 越來越短
the more， the better 越多越好
more and more careful 越來越小心
over and over again 一遍又一遍地
【即時演練4】 完成句子
　①My friend Li Hua took part in the match .
我的朋友李華也參加了比賽。
②My grandpa got down to protecting cultural relics at 20.
我爺爺不到20歲時就開始從事文物保護工作。
③In other words，repeating a game teaches you how to play the game and get better at it.
換句話說，一遍又一遍地重復一個游戲可以教會你如何玩這個游戲并變得更擅長它。
as well　
less than　
over and over again　
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
deserve vt.值得；應得；應受
【教材原句】　“...I think everyone deserves the right to be
happy，” she said.
她說：“……我認為每個人都應有幸福的權利。”
【用法】
deserve to do sth 　應該做某事；值得做某事
deserve to be done＝deserve doing 　　……值得被做
deserve consideration/attention　　值得考慮/注意
deserve sth 　　值得……
【佳句】　Seeing that my parents were occupied with their work and
looked exhausted， I felt that they deserved a good rest.　（人物描寫）
看到我的父母忙于工作，非常疲倦，我覺得他們應該好好休息一下。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He deserves （win） the game because he has been well
prepared for it.
②You are a good human being and you deserve
（treat） as such.
to win　
to be treated/treating　
【寫美】　完成句子
③Actually， there are many selfless people like Uncle Li around us， and
they well .
其實，我們身邊有很多像李叔叔這樣無私的人，他們很值得我們
尊敬。
deserve our respect　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：單句語法填空
1. The two brothers both went their father’s will， which
made him very upset.
2. As result， many accidents had taken place by the time a law
was worked out.
3. When evening falls，many students crowd the library and read
relevant books in connection with their courses.
against　
a　
in　
4. They certainly deserved （win） that diving competition.
5. There were calls for her （resign） from the board of
directors.
to win　
resignation　
維度二：語法與寫作
1. 政府向失業者分發食品。（介詞短語作后置定語）

2. 因為大雨，飛機沒有準時起飛。（名詞短語作賓語）

3. 這個男孩應受懲罰，因為他偷了店里的平板電腦。（動詞短語
作謂語）


The government gave out food to people out of work.
The plane didn’t take off on time because of the heavy rain.
The boy deserved punishment for stealing/having stolen the tablet of the
shop.
4. 如果這個賬單五天內不付，你的液化氣供應將會被切斷。（介詞短
語作狀語）

5. 當人們不明白他想說什么時，他會感到沮喪。


If this bill is not paid within five days， your gas supply will be cut off.
He gets/becomes very frustrated when people don’t understand what
he’s trying to say.
維度三：語法與語篇
　　根據提示翻譯下面語段。
　　上周日，我們的志愿者俱樂部（NP）去了敬老院。一到那里，我
們就開始打掃衛生（VP），然后為老年人理發、唱歌。臉上帶著燦爛
的笑容（PrepP），老人們高興地觀看了我們的表演。雖然很累，但
是我們感到很開心（AdjP）。最重要的是（AdvP），我們能夠為他
人做一些有益的事情。
　　




　　 　Last Sunday，our volunteer club went to the home for the aged.On
arriving there， we got down to doing some cleaning， after which we cut
hair and sang songs for the elderly.With big smiles on their faces， they
watched our performance happily.Tired as we were， we felt very
happy.Most importantly， we could do something beneficial to others.　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·蘭州高二下質檢）Have you ever felt that your life might be
jammed on fast forward， accelerating away from you into the distance？
It’s not your imagination： we are surrounded by daily indications that
the pace of life is picking up， from how quickly we think the day is
passing， to the length of shots in Hollywood movies， to our ever-
decreasing patience for standing around in queues.
　　Nowhere is this more common than in the office， where life can feel
like an endless procession of emails and meetings.According to research
by Jonathan B Spira， CEO of Basex， two thirds of workers felt that they
didn’t have enough time to get everything done — and 94% have at some
point felt “overwhelmed by information”.
　　When we think about stress at work， we make an association with
“distress （痛苦）”， i.e.the kind of stress that causes us
suffering.But we often overlook the “eustress” — the kind of positive，
pleasant feeling that comes from tackling and mastering a difficult
task.There must be something in the idea of eustress — most surveys of
job satisfaction in Europe and the US suggest that most people don’t hate
their jobs.
　　Even as it has increased the time pressure on us， an accelerated
world has also changed the nature of our daily work — potentially making
it more creative and rewarding.Yes， automation （自動化） has
destroyed jobs （as well as created new ones）.But automation has also
taken away many tasks that were dull， routine or dangerous.
　　And as the digital revolution rolls on， helping to speed many tasks
up， the jobs that are left， or newly created， are those that involve
applying creativity to problems， or managing the processes that
computers are carrying out.
　　There’s nothing that we like more than complaining about the pace
of life.To be sure， an accelerated lifestyle has its stresses.But they are
often fixable — for example by turning off email notifications.And if
given the chance to give up the technology that enables this quickening
pace， most of us wouldn’t go back.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。我們經常抱怨越來越多的壓力和越
來越快的生活節奏，可是，壓力和快節奏也有其好處。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。我們經常抱怨越來越多的壓力和越
來越快的生活節奏，可是，壓力和快節奏也有其好處。
1. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph？（　　）
A. We become less patient.
B. We live under great pressure.
C. Our lives are becoming quicker.
D. Our lives are filled with information.
解析：　段落大意題。根據第一段可知，本段主要說明我們的生
活節奏日益加快。
2. What do we often ignore according to the text？（　　）
A. The harm of stress.
B. The benefits of stress.
C. Our love of our jobs.
D. Our hate for our jobs.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段可知，作者認為，我們通常只
是看到壓力之“弊”，卻忽視了壓力之“利”。
3. What does the author think of automation？（　　）
A. It has done us great good.
B. It has taken away our jobs.
C. It has replaced human beings.
D. It has presented a threat to us.
解析：　細節理解題。根據倒數第三段可知，作者認為，雖然自
動化剝奪了一些工作，但它同時創造了一些新工作，而且還代替我
們做一些枯燥和危險的工作。
4. What’s the author’s attitude towards a hurried lifestyle？（　　）
A. Critical. B. Worried.
C. Confused. D. Favourable.
解析：　觀點態度題。根據最后一段可知，作者認為，雖然我們
都抱怨現在快節奏的生活，但是沒有人愿意再回到過去。由此判
斷，作者對快節奏的生活方式持贊成的態度。
B
　　（2024·濟寧高二下月考）Parents from Shanghai to Chicago are
proudly putting pictures of their children on social media.
　　It might be taken for granted — but no previous generation of
children will have had the experience of having their entire childhoods
intensively and publicly documented in this way.
　　In the UK， the average parent with a social media account has
posted 1，498 photos of their child online by their fifth birthday，
according to a survey by domain name company， Nominet.
　　This might be a global phenomenon for proud parents — but what
about the children， who will have been too young to have any choice in
the matter.
　　But the very first people to have had some of their childhood pictures
posted online are now reaching adulthood. And they are not always happy
about their formative years （形成期） being preserved online.
　　“When I was 12 or 13， I started realising there were things （on
Facebook） that I thought were a bit embarrassing，” said 16-year-old
Lucy， from Newcastle， whose dad has been posting pictures of her on
the social networking site since she was seven.
　　“I asked him to take them down and he was happy to， but he
didn’t quite understand why. If I had been asked （at the time）， do
you want these photos out there for all to see， I would’ve probably said
no.”
　　Even those who were pleased to be on social media as children are
less sure about it now. Dana Hurley， 20， from east London， said that
as an 11-year-old she was happy for her parents to post photos of her on
Facebook.
　　“At the time it was exciting ...I liked attention. Now it’s kind of
weird （古怪的） because you look back and think， this was for
everyone to see，” she said.
　　Parents may not realise it， but by posting photos and videos of their
children online， they are creating an identity for their children that might
not be welcomed， according to psychologist Dr Arthur Cassidy.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。很多父母都喜歡在社交媒體上曬自
己孩子的照片，可是，這些父母是否考慮過孩子們長大后的想法和
感受呢？
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。很多父母都喜歡在社交媒體上曬自
己孩子的照片，可是，這些父母是否考慮過孩子們長大后的想法和
感受呢？
5. What’s the parents’ attitude towards putting their children’s
pictures online？（　　）
A. They feel proud.
B. They feel regret.
C. They think it embarrassing.
D. They think it inappropriate.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一、二段可知，父母們對于在社交
媒體上曬自己孩子照片的做法感到自豪并認為這理所當然。
6. According to Nominet， how many pictures of a child are posted online
every year？（　　）
A. About 250. B. About 300.
C. About 350. D. About 400.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段可知，Nominet的調查顯示，
小孩到5歲生日時，父母平均曬其照片1，498張，因此平均每年曬
大約300張。
7. How did Lucy feel about her photos being posted online？（　　）
A. Pleased. B. Curious.
C. Confused. D. Uncomfortable.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第六、七段可知，Lucy感覺自己的照
片在網上被曬有點尷尬。
8. What can we learn about Dana Hurley？（　　）
A. She always liked to get attention.
B. She felt satisfied with what her parents did.
C. She couldn’t understand her parents’ behaviour.
D. She changed her mind about posting photos online.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段可知，Dana Hurley小時候
喜歡自己的照片被曬，可是現在她感覺這樣做很古怪。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Happiness — you know it when you see it， but it’s hard to
define.You might call it a sense of wellbeing， of optimism or of
meaningfulness in life.9.（　　） We also know that we don’t always
have control over our happiness.Research suggests that genetics （遺傳
學） may play a big role in our normal level of subjective well-being， so
some of us may start out at a disadvantage.
　　10. （　　） “For physical health， it’s not so much happiness
itself， but this ability to regulate （調節） and have a sense of purpose
and meaning，” said Laura Kubzansky， professor of social and
behavioural sciences at Harvard School of Public Health.
　　11. （　　） A 2012 review of more than 200 studies found positive
psychological qualities， such as happiness， optimism and life
satisfaction can lead to a lowered risk of cardiovascular （心血管的）
disease.
　　It’s not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart
attacks”，of course.If you have a good sense of wellbeing， it’s easier
to maintain good habits：Exercising， eating a balanced diet and getting
enough sleep， researchers said.12.（　　）
　　You might be thinking：“Maybe I would be happier if I had more
money.” There’s that old cliché “money doesn’t buy happiness” —
but is it true？ A 2010 study in Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences found that emotional wellbeing rises with income up to a point，
which seems to be a household income of 75，000.13.（　　）
“More money does not necessarily buy more happiness， but less money
is associated with emotional pain，” Kahneman and Deaton wrote.
A. Nothing is better than health.
B. It’s true that everyone is after happiness.
C. But whatever happiness is， we know that we want it.
D. Day-to-day happiness did not increase with higher incomes.
E. Managing emotional ups and downs is important for both body and
mind.
F. Many studies have found a link between psychological and physical
wellbeing.
G. People who have an optimistic mindset may be more likely to engage
in healthy behaviours.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了何為幸福以及我們
怎樣才能獲得幸福這一話題。
9. C　上句在討論對“幸福”的定義，本句接著說“無論你怎么定義
幸福，我們都渴望得到它”。因此C項符合語境。
10. E　下句提到的this ability to regulate正是指E項所說的“管理情緒
起落的能力”。
11. F　下文告訴我們：一些研究表明，積極的心理品質會降低患心血
管疾病的風險，因此F項（許多研究發現了心理和身體健康之間的聯
系）符合語境。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了何為幸福以及我們
怎樣才能獲得幸福這一話題。
12. G　上文提到幸福感強的人往往會有良好的生活習慣，G項進一步
說明：心態樂觀的人更熱愛參加健康的活動。
13. D　上句提到人們的幸福感會隨著收入的增長而增強，本句接著
告訴我們：當年收入超過75，000美元后，幸福感則不會進一步增
加。因此D項符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　I’m a mixed-race Chinese-Canadian， but grew up in a white and
Chinese neighbourhood in France. 　14　， I never felt I particularly
belonged to either. I was always in between. 　15　to speak Chinese， I
didn’t always feel 　16　 with the Chinese kids.
　　Through 　17　， however， I could create a sense of 　18　.
While growing up， I ate and watched the Chinese food my grandmother
and father cooked. Food became how I 　19　 to what it meant to be
Chinese.
　　Now I operate a frozen handmade dumpling company in England.
Every week I 　20　 thousands of dumplings， freeze them and 　21　
come to pick them up. It’s nothing new or 　22　. I’m only a
businessman with an iPhone and a website， but I 　23　 what I am doing
with food and the 　24　 food can communicate.
　　In my business， I research the cooking styles of China to create
delicious dumplings. Studying the cooking traditions and 　25　 these
understandings through my business has turned out to be my salvation
（救贖） in self-worth and 　26　. I don’t know what I would be if I
couldn’t cook， eat， think， live and 　27　 these traditions.
　　Food is our heritage — its preparation， taste， appearance and the
stories around each dish display what a culture 　28　. Also through food
people in the world can find commonality.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作為一名華裔，作者感覺在哪個群
體中都找不到自己的歸屬；但是通過傳承中國的飲食——水餃，卻
獲得了一種歸屬感。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作為一名華裔，作者感覺在哪個群
體中都找不到自己的歸屬；但是通過傳承中國的飲食——水餃，卻
獲得了一種歸屬感。
14. A. Besides B. However
C. Otherwise D. Meanwhile
解析：　根據語境可知，雖然作者生長在既有中國人也有白人
的社區，但是自己卻沒有特別感到自己屬于哪個群體。前后句之
間是轉折關系。
15. A. Unable B. Pleased
C. Anxious D. Unprepared
解析： 　根據下文內容可知，作者不會說漢語，所以和中國孩
子們在一起時總是無法融入其中，自我感覺被排斥。
16. A. ignored B. inspired
C. challenged D. included
解析： 　根據上下文語境可知，作者感覺不到自己真正屬于哪
個群體。
17. A. language B. study
C. food D. communication
解析： 　從下文多次出現的food和dumplings可知，作者在中國
的飲食中找到了歸屬感。
18. A. direction B. belonging
C. achievement D. responsibility
解析： 　參見上題解析。
19. A. connected B. turned
C. compared D. adapted
解析： 　作者在中國的飲食中找到了歸屬感，也就是中國的食
物成了他和中國的聯系。
20. A. sell B. fold C. boil D. deliver
解析： 　根據語境可知，作者包好水餃后，把水餃冷凍，然后
等顧客來取走。
21. A. travelers B. cookers
C. customers D. salesmen
解析： 　前來購買作者水餃的應該統稱為顧客。
22. A. traditional B. regular
C. special D. common
解析： 　根據下文內容可知，作者認為自己做的這些事不是什
么新鮮事，也不是什么特別的事情。
23. A. keep to B. care about
C. depend on D. reflect on
解析： 　根據空前but表示的轉折內容可知，雖然作者認為自己
僅僅是個生意人，但是他在乎自己做的事情。care about意為“在
乎；關心”。
24. A. levels B. messages
C. calories D. concepts
解析： 　作者喜歡食物本身所傳遞的信息。
25. A. changing B. deepening
C. creating D. displaying
解析： 　作者研究中國的飲食傳統并且制作出更加美味的水
餃。由此推斷，他是在通過自己的生意來展現自己對中國飲食的
理解。
26. A. attitude B. fate
C. intelligence D. identity
解析： 　根據上文可知，作者找不到歸屬，但是水餃卻讓他有
了對中國飲食的認同，確定了自己的身份，從而獲得了歸屬感。
27. A. share B. obey
C. search D. combine
解析： 　作者通過研究飲食文化并且通過自己的生意展現出
自己對飲食文化的理解，由此可知，他是在分享這些飲食文化
傳統。
28. A. explores B. suggests
C. confirms D. values
解析： 　飲食文化表現了一種民族文化所珍視的東西。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　The pursuit of happiness and health is a popular effort.New findings
recently reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences point
towards an answer commonly 29. 　　　　　　 （overlook）： meaning
in life.
　　One key question addressed in this research is： what advantage
might 30. 　　　　　　 （have） a strong sense of meaning in life afford
a few years down the road？
　　31. 　　　　　　 the whole， individuals with a higher sense of
meaning in life a few years earlier were later living lives characterised by
health and wellbeing.
　　We know a few things about participants in the research
32. 　　　　　　 reported relatively higher meaning in life.For
instance， they contacted their friends 33. 　　　　　　 （frequent），
belonged to social groups， engaged in volunteering， and maintained
some healthy habits relating to sleep， diet and exercise.
　　Connecting socially with others 34. 　　　　　　 （be） important
for both happiness and meaning， 35. 　　　　　　 doing so in a way
that promotes meaning can happen at the cost of 36. 　　　　　　
（person） happiness， at least temporarily.
　　Given the long-term social， mental， and physical
37. 　　　　　　 （benefit） of having a sense of meaning in life， the
recommendation here is clear.Rather than pursuing happiness as an end-
state， ensuring one’s activities provide a sense of meaning might be a
38. 　　　　　　 （good） route to living well.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要告訴我們這樣一個事實：
給人生賦予意義有助于我們獲得幸福。
29. overlooked　這里表示該答案“被忽略”，應用過去分詞作后
置定語。
30. having　本句中 　　　　 a strong sense of meaning in life作主語，
因此應用動詞-ing形式。
31. On　on the whole是固定短語，意為“總的說來”。
32. who/that　本句中participants為先行詞，應用關系代詞who/that引
導一個定語從句。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要告訴我們這樣一個事實：
給人生賦予意義有助于我們獲得幸福。
33. frequently　此處應用一個副詞來修飾謂語動詞contacted，故填
frequently。
34. is　本句主語為動詞-ing短語Connecting socially with others，視為
單數，故填系動詞is。
35. but　前后兩個分句存在轉折關系，故填并列連詞but。
36. personal　本空后面是名詞happiness，故填形容詞personal。
37. benefits　這里benefit是可數名詞，應用復數形式。
38. better　這里是將ensuring one’s activities provide a sense of
meaning與前面的pursuing happiness as an end-state進行對比，故填good
的比較級better。
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