資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
1.（2023·新課標Ⅰ卷）I feel an urge 　　　　　　（express） my different voices，hoping that this wouldn’t offend you.
2.I’d like to invite you to take part in our 3-km race 　　　　　　（hold） in our playground this Saturday morning.
3.Ariel found that the swan which buried its neck in its wings seemed 　　　　　　（lose） its energy.
4.In my opinion， it is necessary for us 　　　　　（practice） kung fu， because it can help us keep healthy.
5.　　　　　　 （solve） this problem， you must combine theory with practice.
6.The next morning， we hurried into the kitchen and looked for Dad， only 　　　　　　（find） that he had gone out.
7.My suggestion is that you should take this opportunity 　　　　　　（prove） yourself.
維度二：語法與寫作
1.上初三時，我的目標是成為全班最好的學(xué)生。（動詞不定式作表語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.為了實現(xiàn)這個目標，我決定像我的同桌一樣每天熬夜學(xué)習(xí)到半夜。（動詞不定式作目的狀語和賓語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.我努力第一個到，最后一個走，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我上課總是發(fā)困。（動詞不定式作定語和結(jié)果狀語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.保持充足的睡眠是很重要的。（動詞不定式作真正主語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.他建議我制定一個適合我自己的計劃。（動詞不定式作賓語補足語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
維度三：語法與語篇
用所給詞的適當形式完成下面短文。
Not that long ago， my first thought at mealtimes was 1.　　　　　　 （eat） at a restaurant.I was eager 2.　　　　　　 （try） new restaurants.3.　　　　　　 （eat） out was also a social activity，allowing me 4.　　　　　　 （enhance） the relationship with my friends.I often ate out until last month，when I came across a cooking app.There are a variety of recipes in the app 5.　　　　　　 （choose） from.They are uploaded by users，and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step.Most of the recipes include photos or videos，which are very useful for beginners.When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try， I discovered that it was not that difficult 6.　　　　　　 （make） a simple and tasty dish.In the past few weeks， I’ve thrown myself into home cooking， from boiling noodles in the pot to 7.　　　　　　 （fry） steak in the pan.I hardly eat out any more.Not only is cooking at home cheaper， but I can cook exactly what I want.It’s healthier too.No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking！
Now I am good at 8.　　　　　　 （cook） a couple of dishes.My plan is 9.　　　　 （invite） my friends over at the weekend 10.　　　　　 （show） them my new-found skills.I hope that they will like my cooking！
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
（2024·山東六校高二下月考）The quality of our seafood has been in the news a lot lately.A new study has found that people who eat seafood are also eating plastic — 11，000 pieces of microplastic per year to be exact.
Researchers at the University of Ghent in Belgium found that seafood eaters are consuming plastic at a concerning rate.
“Per serving of mussels， which contains about 300 grams of mussel meat， you get 300 pieces of plastic inside your body，” researchers wrote.Researchers don’t yet know the implications of eating microplastic， but they worry that it could have negative consequences on our health.
While we don’t know what microplastic does yet to humans， we do know what it does to sea animals.In prior studies， scientists have found that when fish eat microplastics， it prevents their growth and changes their feeding patterns.In fact， fish will stop eating natural sources of nutrients， and only go for plastic.
When you’re done using plastic， a small portion may be recycled.However， more than likely it’s in a landfill or making its way towards the ocean.Once trash hits the water， sea creatures may mistake it for food.This often leads to poisoning or death.If the marine animal gets caught for human consumption， the plastic may very well make its way back to you — on your dinner plate.
According to a study published in Science magazine， eight million tons of plastic go into our waterways every year.The problem is so serious that scientists say that by 2050 the weight of plastic in our oceans will outweigh fish.And just because it’s out of sight doesn’t mean it should be out of mind.
There’s no immediate way to prevent microplastic from ending up in your body.However， you can help reduce the amount of plastic reaching rivers， lakes and oceans in the first place.You can make a difference with your choices every day.Even small changes will add up.While your salmon dinner may contain microplastic， you can help prevent the future generations from having that same problem.
1.What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）
A.Real functions. B.Possible effects.
C.Logical reasons. D.Potential benefits.
2.What can we learn about microplastics in the oceans？（　　）
A.They make fish grow quickly. B.Fish are sick and tired of them.
C.Fish tend to be addicted to them. D.They don’t affect fish’s eating habits.
3.Which proverb can best summarize the main idea of Paragraph 5？（　　）
A.You get what you pay for. B.There is no smoke without fire.
C.Everything happens for a reason. D.What goes around comes around.
4.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the last paragraph？（　　）
A.To give us a final warning. B.To appeal to us for action.
C.To offer us a brief summary. D.To send us a gentle reminder.
B
（2024·鄭州高二下期末）A scientist has spent forty years studying the Loch Ness monster （尼斯湖水怪）. Why does this mythical monster attract so many people？
Adrian Shine has patrolled （巡邏） lakes by day and night. He’s taken countless photos， and he’s used all the latest technological advances to uncover the mystery behind Loch Ness monster. Twenty-five years ago this week， he led a search of Loch Ness called Operation Deepscan.
Shine may have gone to unusual lengths in his hunt for the Loch Ness monster， but he is far from alone in being attracted by it. Willie Cameron， an expert on the Highland tourism market， says about one million people visit Loch Ness and the surrounding area every year， with the value to the economy worth about ￡25m. And he says more than 85% of them are attracted by the phenomenon of the Loch Ness monster. “Loch Ness has become a brand as big as Elvis Presley， Madonna and Coca-Cola — but by default rather than design，” he says.
So when did the Loch Ness monster gain such mythical status， and what is the fascination with finding it？ Jonathan Downes， director of the Centre for Fortean Zoology， says the legend of the monster dates back to the 6th century， but it was not until the 1930s that it really took off. Since then there has been a number of sightings， with more than a thousand people insisting they have seen creatures in Loch Ness.
Downes says the strange thing about the Loch Ness monster is that although it is “the most iconic mystery creature”， it is actually the one with the least amount of evidence of its existence. So-called physical evidence has turned out to be false， he says. So most of the legend around what lies in Loch Ness comes from stories and sightings.
And Shine has first-hand experience of how unreliable they can be. However， Shine says it is hard to get rid of people’s belief. Lots of locals， too， believe there is something hiding in the loch， according to Cameron. But Shine， who now is still hoping to find out what is behind the mystery， says the beauty of the monster myth is that no one can disprove it. “If Operation Deepscan proved one thing， it is that you can’t kill a legend with science，” he says.
5.The Loch Ness monster was compared to Elvis Presley for 　　　　.（　　）
A.they both come from the US
B.they’re both extremely famous
C.they’re both based on legend stories
D.they both improved the tourism industry
6.The Loch Ness monster has been widely known by people 　　　　.（　　）
A.since 100 years ago B.since 90 years ago
C.since 60 years ago D.since 50 years ago
7.According to Jonathan Downes， what’s strange about the Loch Ness monster？（　　）
A.It has worldwide influence. B.It becomes a symbol of an area.
C.It seldom comes out in the daytime. D.It lacks enough proof for its existence.
8.What’s Adrian Shine’s attitude towards the Loch Ness monster？（　　）
A.Curious.　　　　　　 B.Puzzled.
C.Doubtful. D.Positive.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
（2024·昆明高二下質(zhì)檢）French explorer Jacques Cartier is known mainly for exploring the St.Lawrence River and giving Canada its name.
Like many other European explorers，Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold，and perhaps a shortcut to Asia.9.（　　） It became France’s main route into Canada.
Jacques Cartier was born on 31 December 1491 in Brittany， a province of France.In about 1534，the king of France asked him to lead an expedition to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia.
10.（　　） There he and his crew explored the land around the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and met Native Americans.When he sailed back to France， he took with him two native Americans.
11.（　　） This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and into the Saint Lawrence River.The two Native Americans he had taken before had learned French， and they served as guides.About 260 miles inland， Cartier reached the Native American village of Stadacona.Today， the city of Quebec stands near that place.
Cartier and his men were among the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada.12.（　　） After returning to France he reported tales told by the native people of treasures farther inland.
Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic in 1541.13.（　　） When he returned to France in 1542，he was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite （黃鐵礦） （fool’s gold） and quartz （石英）.
A.A second voyage came in May 1535.
B.Instead he found the Saint Lawrence River.
C.The bitter cold surprised them， and some of the men died.
D.He made three voyages of exploration in dangerous waters.
E.Cartier was considered one of the most devoted explorers of the period.
F.He explored further and found what he thought were gold and diamonds.
G.In the spring of 1534 Cartier sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to what is now Canada.
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·濟南高二下期末）MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back to when she was just 4 years old， when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat.“It 　14　 me that this boat had everything we needed to take us anywhere in the world.And as a child， that opened up everything and made me feel the greatest sense of 　15　，” she explained.
This experience　16　 a passion within MacArthur that she wanted to sail around the world.Growing up in the countryside， she had no idea how to 　17　 it.However， she knew that that was what she wanted to do at some stage.So she acquired knowledge and 　18　 for years to seek her dream in sailing.Having merely potatoes and beans every day for eight years， she 　19　 could afford the right equipment.By reaching such 　20　goals and asking technical questions about 　21　， MacArthur felt as though she was getting 　22　 to her ambition.
“The impossible could be possible and 　23　 high is not necessarily such a crazy thing to do，” she said.And it seems that MacArthur’s 　24　 to become a sailor went beyond her expectations.At the age of 24， she started to 　25　media attention after winning the second place in the Vendée Globe， a single-handed non-stop yacht （帆船） race that went around the world.
Four years later， MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14 hours，　26　 more than 26，000 miles.This led her to set a new record.　27　 this record has been surpassed （超過），MacArthur is still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore racer.
So when you know where you’re going， you can actually get there — even if it seems　28　！
14.（　）A.benefited　 　　　 B.struck
C.taught D.treated
15.（　）A.wonder B.magic
C.direction D.freedom
16.（　）A.lighted B.left
C.carried D.invented
17.（　）A.approach B.gain
C.achieve D.forget
18.（　）A.made up B.saved up
C.turned up D.picked up
19.（　）A.eventually B.fortunately
C.gradually D.definitely
20.（　）A.personal B.financial
C.final D.academic
21.（　）A.school B.sailing
C.driving D.business
22.（　）A.further B.deeper
C.closer D.smarter
23.（　）A.working B.designing
C.meaning D.aiming
24.（　）A.lesson B.mind
C.confidence D.plan
25.（　）A.accept B.receive
C.enjoy D.keep
26.（　）A.including B.reaching
C.covering D.floating
27.（　）A.After B.When
C.Whether D.While
28.（　）A.impossible B.constant
C.valuable D.available
Ⅳ.語法填空
China’s new deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe set a 29.　　　　　　 （nation） diving record of 10，909 meters in the Mariana Trench.Only a few people 30.　　　　　　 （visit） the bottom of the Mariana Trench so far.
Four hours after the task started， a group photo of three Chinese divers was sent back， with each one 31.　　　　　　 （carry） a food plate in hand.They decided to work for six hours after they reached 32.　　　　 deepest spot.That spot is known as the Challenger Deep， with a 33.　　　　 （deep） of over 10，900 meters.The water pressure is 110 kPa， 34.　　　　　　 makes designing and operating submersibles difficult.
The cabin covering uses titanium （鈦）， a perfect material with high strength that allows the submersible 35.　　　　　　 （bear） water pressure at 10，000 meters under the sea.Powered by a battery， Fendouzhe can pick up samples from the surrounding environment 36.　　　　　　 its flexible robotic arms， which can work with the accuracy of one centimeter.
Sylvia Earle， former chief scientist of the US NOAA， said that the world is 37.　　　　　　 （current） in the greatest age of deep-sea research.China now is leading the world in many aspects of deep-sea 38.　　　　　　 （explore）.
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.to express　2.to be held　3.to have lost　4.to practice　5.To solve　6.to find　7.to prove
維度二
1.When I was a junior three student， my aim was to be the best student in my class.
2.To achieve this goal， I decided to stay up to study until midnight like my deskmate.
3.I tried to be the first to arrive and the last to leave， only to find myself always sleepy in class.
4.It was very important to have enough sleep.
5.He advised me to make a plan that/which is suitable for myself.
維度三
1.to eat　2.to try　3.To eat　4.to enhance　5.to choose　6.to make　7.frying　8.cooking　9.to invite　10.to show
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人類不負責(zé)任地將塑料丟進海洋，可是，讓我們意想不到的是，這些塑料又通過海洋生物回到了我們的餐桌。
1.B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文可知，作者這里在談?wù)摵ｕr中所含塑料微粒對人類所帶來的影響。因此畫線詞意為“可能的影響”。
2.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，海洋中的塑料微粒會影響魚類的生長、改變它們的飲食習(xí)慣；而且，它們可能會放棄原來有營養(yǎng)的食物而喜歡上塑料。
3.D　段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段可知，本段主要告訴我們：我們丟棄的塑料最終又回到了我們的餐桌。也就是說去的（goes around）又回來了（comes around）。
4.B　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，倒數(shù)第二段指出我們所面臨形勢的嚴峻性，最后一段主要呼吁我們采取實際行動來解決此問題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。尼斯湖水怪被稱為世界十大自然之謎之一。本文通過幾位專家的觀點說明這一怪獸很有可能只是子虛烏有的美麗傳說。
5.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，作者之所以將尼斯湖水怪與Elvis Presley、Madonna 及Coca-Cola等明星及知名品牌并列，是因為他們都具有非常高的知名度與廣泛的影響力。
6.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，尼斯湖水怪的傳說可以追溯到公元6世紀，但是直到20世紀30年代它才真正廣為人知。
7.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，在Jonathan Downes看來，關(guān)于尼斯湖水怪，最為奇怪的是它雖然影響力很大，但是并沒有任何證據(jù)證明其真正存在。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Adrian Shine根據(jù)自己第一手經(jīng)歷認為尼斯湖水怪這一傳說是不可靠的，再結(jié)合他的講話可以判斷，他對此持懷疑態(tài)度。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了法國探險家雅克·卡蒂埃的三次航海探險經(jīng)歷。
9.B　根據(jù)空前的Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold ...和空后的It became France’s main route into Canada.可知，B項（相反，雅克·卡蒂埃發(fā)現(xiàn)了圣勞倫斯河）符合語境，且空后的It指的就是B項中的the Saint Lawrence River。
10.G　根據(jù)上文中的In about 1534，the king of France asked him to lead an expedition可推知，在1534年，卡蒂埃橫渡大西洋到了現(xiàn)在的加拿大。G項中的時間與上文相符，符合語境。
11.A　根據(jù)空后的This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence ...可推知，在1535年5月，卡蒂埃進行了第二次航行。故A項符合語境。
12.C　根據(jù)空前的the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada可知，C項（加拿大的嚴寒令卡蒂埃和船員們難以承受，其中一些船員死于嚴寒）符合語境。
13.F　根據(jù)空前的Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic和空后的he was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite （fool’s gold） and quartz可知，1541年卡蒂埃第三次北航，他進一步探險，發(fā)現(xiàn)了他認為是黃金和寶石的“寶物”。故F項符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。4歲時的一次坐船經(jīng)歷點燃了麥克阿瑟環(huán)游世界的激情，她最終實現(xiàn)了夢想，把不可能變成了可能。
14.B　“我”突然想到，這艘船擁有帶“我們”到世界上任何地方所需要的一切。It strikes/struck sb that ...為固定句型，意為“某人突然想到……”。
15.D　這一切讓麥克阿瑟開闊了眼界，感受到極大的自由感。
16.A　這次經(jīng)歷點燃了她想環(huán)游世界的激情。
17.C　她想要環(huán)游世界，從小在鄉(xiāng)下長大的她不知道如何做到這一點。
18.B　她為此獲取知識，攢了多年的錢。
19.A　八年里，她只吃土豆和豆類，終于攢夠了錢購買合適的設(shè)備。
20.B　這里指做好了經(jīng)濟上和航海知識上的儲備，詢問的應(yīng)該是航海技術(shù)問題。
21.B　參見上題解析。
22.C　麥克阿瑟覺得她離自己追求的目標越來越近了。
23.D　不可能的事也可能發(fā)生，把目標定得高并不一定是一件瘋狂的事情。
24.D　麥克阿瑟成為一名航海者的計劃似乎超出了她的預(yù)期。
25.B　她開始受到媒體的關(guān)注。
26.C　四年后，麥克阿瑟選擇航行71天14個小時，航程超過26，000英里。
27.D　盡管這一紀錄已經(jīng)被打破，麥克阿瑟仍然被認為是英國最成功的航海賽選手。
28.A　所以當你知道你要去哪里的時候，你實際可以到達那里，即使這看起來是不可能的。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國新型深海載人潛水器“奮斗者”在馬里亞納海溝潛水10，909米，創(chuàng)下中國載人深潛新紀錄。
29.national　設(shè)空處作定語，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞短語diving record。故填national。
30.have visited　根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語people表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，助動詞用have，故填have visited。
31.carrying　此處是“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語each one指代上文的divers，動詞carry和divers之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語。故填carrying。
32.the　形容詞最高級deepest前應(yīng)用定冠詞the。
33.depth　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合空前的a可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞，故填depth。
34.which　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代指前面整句話，在從句中作主語，故填which。
35.to bear　allow sb/sth to do sth允許某人/某物做某事。故填to bear。
36.with　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指“用其靈活的機械臂”，應(yīng)用介詞with。
37.currently　設(shè)空處作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填currently。
38.exploration　設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語，exploration意為“探索”，為不可數(shù)名詞。
5 / 6Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
復(fù)習(xí)動詞不定式
①To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
②Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
③Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals， which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
④These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
⑤To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
⑥The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
⑦Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come.
⑧China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
⑨Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.以上句子中的黑體部分都用了動詞不定式。動詞不定式在句①和句⑤中作　　　，在句⑦和句⑧中作　　　，在句②中作　　　　　　　，在句⑥中作　　　，在句④和句⑨中作　　　，在句③中作　　　　　　。
2.動詞不定式的一般式的結(jié)構(gòu)為　　　　　；完成式的結(jié)構(gòu)為　　　　　　　　　。
一、動詞不定式的句法功能
動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語，它多表示具體的或某次具體行為。
1.作主語
動詞不定式作主語可以表示將來特定的某一次具體動作。
To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent.再利用和回收這種垃圾在很大程度上是節(jié)約資源。
（2023·1月浙江卷）But no matter when you travel， it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
但無論你什么時候去旅行，最好至少提前90天預(yù)訂。
名師點津
動詞不定式短語作主語時可以組成常用句式“It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb to do sth”，其中，it是形式主語，動詞不定式短語是真正的主語，且當形容詞表達事物的特征時，其后用for sb，而當形容詞表達人的特征或品質(zhì)時，其后用of sb。It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他貢獻這么多，真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low carbon life.
對我們來說，過低碳生活很重要。
To predict the future with certainty is impossible.
＝It is impossible to predict the future with certainty.
準確地預(yù)測未來是不可能的。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
　①　　　　　　 （grasp） all is to lose all.
②It is important for us students 　　　　　（work） out on a regular basis.
③It will be beneficial for you 　　　　　　（adapt） to the new environment and life.
④You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then 　　　　　　（put） all those rocks into place.
2.作表語
動詞不定式作表語時須放在系動詞后面，表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼鳎祫釉~除be外，還有seem、 appear等。
（1）帶wh-疑問詞的動詞不定式短語可作表語。
（2）句中如果主語部分有實義動詞do的各種形式，作表語的動詞不定式實際上是do的引申，即表示do所做的內(nèi)容，這時動詞不定式可省略to。
Her wish is to become a teacher.
她的愿望是當一名教師。
Our difficulty is where to find a guide.
我們的困難是到哪里去找向?qū)А?br/>He seems （appears） to be living in the area.
他似乎正住在這個地區(qū)。
The least I can do is （to） write to you.
我至少能做到的是給你寫信。
【即時演練2】　單句語法填空
　①What the plan does is 　　　　　　（ensure） a fair pension for all.
②To know everything is 　　　　　　（know） nothing.
③There are two tragedies in life.One is not to get your heart’s desire.The other is 　　　　　　（get） it.
3.作賓語
英語中有些動詞后接另一動詞作賓語時，該動詞習(xí)慣上要用動詞不定式形式，而不用動詞-ing形式，這類動詞（及短語動詞）主要有：
三個希望兩答應(yīng)：hope、 wish、 want、 agree、 promise
兩個要求莫拒絕：demand、 ask、 refuse
設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定：manage、 learn、 decide
不要假裝在選擇：pretend、 choose
What I want to know is when we’re going to get paid.我想知道的是我們什么時候發(fā)工資。
He didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words.
聽了這些話，他啼笑皆非。
It is necessary for you to learn from others.
你有必要向別人學(xué)習(xí)。
【即時演練3】　單句語法填空/完成句子
　①The main reason is that your self-control is not strong and you tend 　　　　　　（distract） in class.
②If it is convenient for you next Tuesday， I expect 　　　　　　（have） a wonderful talk with you.
③Inspired by Dr Yuan， I’m determined 　　　　　　（study） hard now.
④To arouse students’ interest in learning English， we’ve planned 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. （邀請信）
為了激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，我們計劃舉辦一次英語戲劇比賽。
4.作定語
動詞不定式作定語，通常位于所修飾的詞之后，即作后置定語，說明被修飾詞的特征。
（1）抽象名詞ability、 attempt、 chance、 courage、 decision、 effort、 failure、 promise、 way、 wish等后常接動詞不定式作定語。
（2）序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或the only/the last/the next等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后，也常接動詞不定式作定語。
Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices？你們能想出一個對付日益上漲的物價的好辦法嗎？
I’ve got my wife and son to look after.
我還有妻子和兒子需要照顧。
But she gave up the chance to go abroad.
但是她放棄了出國的機會。
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night？昨晚誰是最后一個離開教室的？
名師點津
（1）如果動詞不定式和被修飾詞之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，則動詞不定式多半表示未來的動作，翻譯時常須在動詞不定式前加“要”字。
（2）在處于動賓關(guān)系的情況下，如果動詞不定式是不及物動詞，其后要加一個結(jié)構(gòu)上或含義上所需的介詞。
【即時演練4】　單句語法填空/完成句子
　①（2023·新課標Ⅰ卷）Cycling is the most economical， sustainable and fun way 　　　　（explore） the city.
②（2023·1月浙江卷）The last day 　　　　（cancel） registration and receive a full refund is 15 June.
③I’m glad you’ve got the chance 　　　　（study） in China and I really do suggest you come.
5.作狀語
動詞不定式作狀語時可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件、方式等。
We went there to see our grandparents.（表示目的）
我們?nèi)ツ抢锟次覀兊淖娓改浮?br/>I am very sorry to hear that.（表示原因）
聽到這，我很抱歉。
She hurried home only to find her father dead.（表示結(jié)果）
她匆匆趕到家，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)父親已經(jīng)去世了。
He cleared his throat as though to speak.（表示方式）
他清了清喉嚨，好像要說話的樣子。
名師點津
（1）動詞不定式作目的狀語除了用to do表示外，還可以用in order to do或so as to do。
（2）動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常常表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果，其前往往有only作為標志。
【即時演練5】　單句語法填空
　①The boy worked so hard 　　　　　　（make） up for the lost time.
②After the war they left home， never 　　　（see） each other again.
③　　　　　　 （live） is to function.That is all there is in living.
④Anxiously， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on， only 　　　　　　（find） it didn’t fit.
6.作賓語補足語
（1）動詞不定式作賓語補足語時跟在某些及物動詞的賓語之后，對賓語作進一步的補充說明，并與該賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這類及物動詞常見的有advise、 allow、 ask、 beg、 cause、 command、 inspire、 encourage等。
（2）一些使役動詞（如make、 let、 have等）和表示感覺的動詞或動詞短語（如see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 hear、 feel、 look at、 listen to等）作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須省略to。
The lady had the beggar eat with her servants.
那個女士讓乞丐和她的仆人們一起吃飯。
The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
老師讓那個淘氣的男孩在那兒站了一個小時。
I noticed the woman leave the party at about 10 o’clock.
我注意到那位女士大約10點鐘離開了聚會。
名師點津
在某些表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞（如believe、 find、 consider、 prove、 suppose、 think、 declare等）后，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式往往是“to be＋形容詞”，這時，這些動詞后的to be通常可以省略。
They believe him （to be） innocent.
他們相信他是無辜的。
【即時演練6】　完成句子
　①His father doesn’t allow him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他的爸爸不允許他玩電腦游戲。
②The thief was seen 　　　　　　　the bus.
有人看見小偷上了公共汽車。
③The policeman observed the man 　　　　　　　　　　.
警察看見這個人打開了窗戶。
二、動詞不定式的形式
1.動詞不定式的主動形式
一般式 to do
進行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done
（1）動詞不定式的一般式（to do）所表示的動作通常與謂語動詞所表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。
I noticed him go out.
我看見他出去了。（notice與go out同時發(fā)生）
I plan to attend the party to be held tomorrow.
我打算參加明天舉行的聚會。（attend的動作在plan后發(fā)生）
（2）動詞不定式的進行式（to be doing）表示動詞不定式的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。
They are reported to be working hard.
據(jù)報道，他們正努力地工作。（be reported與work同時發(fā)生）
I am very glad to be working with you.
我非常樂意與你一起工作。（be glad與work同時發(fā)生）
（3）動詞不定式的完成式（to have done）表示動詞不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。
I’m very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
很抱歉讓你久等了。（keep發(fā)生在be sorry前）
He is believed to have come.
相信他已經(jīng)來了。（come發(fā)生在believe前）
名師點津
（1）在intended、 expected、 hoped、 promised等動詞后常用動詞不定式的完成式表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望、期待或計劃等。
（2）在seem、 appear等表示看法與想法的動詞后常用動詞不定式的完成式表示該動作先于另一個動作發(fā)生。此結(jié)構(gòu)也常用以it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)代替。
He seems to have bought the new book.
＝It seems that he has bought the new book.
他好像已經(jīng)買了那本新書。
2.動詞不定式的被動形式
動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞與其是被動關(guān)系時，動詞不定式一般使用被動形式。
形式 構(gòu)成 意義
一般式 to be done 表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后或同時發(fā)生的被動動作
完成式 to have been done 表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的被動動作
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.
有時被理解并不是一件容易的事。
The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.
那個男孩要求給他再試一次的機會。
No harm seems to have been done.
似乎并沒有什么危害發(fā)生。（harm是do的承受者，且發(fā)生在seem前）
名師點津
want、 need、 require作“需要”講時，后常接動詞不定式的被動形式或動詞-ing形式的主動形式。
The house wants repairing/to be repaired.
這座房子需要修理了。
These flowers need watering/to be watered once a day.
這些花需要每天澆一次水。
【即時演練7】　單句語法填空/完成句子
　①He isn’t feeling well.He appears 　　　　　　　　（catch） a cold.
②He had intended 　　　　　　（return） after receiving the first letter from Tess.
③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle 　　　　　　（hear）.
④When her parents came back last night，she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
昨天晚上當她父母回來時，她碰巧正在做作業(yè)。
profession n.職業(yè)；行業(yè)
【教材原句】　Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything in return.
亨利·諾曼·白求恩把他的生命和職業(yè)生涯都用來幫助人們，而不求任何回報。
【用法】
（1）by profession 　 　在職業(yè)上；就職業(yè)來說
（2）professional adj. 專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的；職業(yè)性的
n. 專業(yè)人員；職業(yè)運動員
（3）professionally adv. 職業(yè)地
【佳句】　①A software engineer by profession， Steve was a keen lover of the piano.
史蒂夫的職業(yè)是軟件工程師，他酷愛鋼琴。
②After he won the amateur championship he turned professional.
他獲得業(yè)余比賽的冠軍后便轉(zhuǎn)為職業(yè)運動員了。
③A doctor who gives away confidential information about patients is not behaving professionally. 醫(yī)生把病人的私人資料透露出來是違反職業(yè)道德的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He dealt with the problem in a highly 　　　　　　（profession） way.
②Ville’s wife is Chinese and she is a cook 　　　　　　profession.
【寫美】　完成句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， work hard to be the best！
無論你選擇什么職業(yè)，努力做到最好吧！
④If it’s a legal matter you need 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
如果是法律問題，你需要尋求專業(yè)建議。
⑤Since they were professionals， the situation 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.因為他們是專業(yè)人士，所以情況得到了專業(yè)的處理。
mixture n.混合；結(jié)合體；混合物
【教材原句】　Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom.
遠渡重洋往往既危險又無聊。
【用法】
（1）mix vi.& vt.（使）混合；（使）摻和
mix with 與……混合；融合
mix A with B＝mix A and B （together）
把A與B混合起來/融合在一起
mix up 混淆；弄混；弄亂
（2）mixed adj. 混合的；混雜的
have mixed feelings （about sb/sth） （對……）有矛盾的感情
【佳句】　With a mixture of fear and anxiety， Mary started leaving the restaurant to search for her friend.帶著恐懼和焦慮，瑪麗開始離開餐廳去尋找她的朋友。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I listened to his adventure with a 　　　　（mix） of amusement and disbelief.
②I don’t like to mix business 　　　　　　pleasure.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Looking back on his childhood， he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
回顧他的童年，他充滿了復(fù)雜的感情。
④The reason why I love the city is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我喜歡這個城市的原因是它是新舊建筑的混合體。
applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.稱贊；贊賞
【教材原句】　The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.
觀眾起立為科學(xué)家們重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。
【用法】
（1）applaud for　　　　為……鼓掌/喝彩
（2）applause n. 鼓掌；掌聲
gain one’s applause 贏得某人的掌聲
burst into thunderous/storming applause 爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲
【佳句】　The competitors were sewing and attaching with their skillful hands， during which the classmates were cheering and applauding.選手們用嫻熟的雙手縫制、粘貼，同學(xué)們在一旁歡呼、鼓掌。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①All her teachers and classmates applauded 　　　　　　her and there was a wide smile on her face.
②When I finished my performance， the audience burst into 　　　　　　（applaud）.
【寫美】　完成句子
③His perfect performance 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他精彩的表演贏得了觀眾的掌聲。
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.主語　賓語　賓語補足語　表語　定語　目的狀語
2.to do　to have done
即時演練1
①To grasp　②to work　③to adapt　④to put
即時演練2
①（to） ensure　②to know　③to get
即時演練3
①to be distracted　②to have　③to study
④to hold an English Drama Competition
即時演練4
①to explore　②to cancel　③to study
即時演練5
①to make　②to see　③To live　④to find
即時演練6
①to play computer games　②to get on　③open the window
即時演練7
①to have caught　②to return　③to be heard
④happened to be doing her homework
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①professional　②by　③Whatever profession you choose
④to seek professional advice　⑤was handled professionally
2.①mixture　②with　③is full of mixed feelings
④that it is a mixture of old and new buildings
3.①for　②applause　③gained the audience’s applause
7 / 8(共103張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Learning About Language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
復(fù)習(xí)動詞不定式
①To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the
people of early civilisations.
②Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea
routes from west to east.
③Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate
trade deals， which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
④These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at
that time.
⑤To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
⑥The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across
the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between
China and the rest of the world.
⑦Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so
in years to come.
⑧China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，
which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future
trade and cultural exchange.
⑨Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the
need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to
reach out across the sea far into the future.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 以上句子中的黑體部分都用了動詞不定式。動詞不定式在句①和句
⑤中作 ，在句⑦和句⑧中作 ，在句②中作
，在句⑥中作 ，在句④和句⑨中作 ，在
句③中作 。
2. 動詞不定式的一般式的結(jié)構(gòu)為 ；完成式的結(jié)構(gòu)為
。
主語　
賓語　
賓語
補足語　
表語　
定語　
目的狀語　
to do　
to have
done　
一、動詞不定式的句法功能
動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補足
語，它多表示具體的或某次具體行為。
1. 作主語
動詞不定式作主語可以表示將來特定的某一次具體動作。
To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large
extent.
再利用和回收這種垃圾在很大程度上是節(jié)約資源。
（2023·1月浙江卷）But no matter when you travel， it’s a good
idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
但無論你什么時候去旅行，最好至少提前90天預(yù)訂。
名師點津
動詞不定式短語作主語時可以組成常用句式“It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb
to do sth”，其中，it是形式主語，動詞不定式短語是真正的主語，且
當形容詞表達事物的特征時，其后用for sb，而當形容詞表達人的特征
或品質(zhì)時，其后用of sb。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他貢獻這么多，真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low carbon life.
對我們來說，過低碳生活很重要。
To predict the future with certainty is impossible.
＝It is impossible to predict the future with certainty.
準確地預(yù)測未來是不可能的。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
　① （grasp） all is to lose all.
②It is important for us students （work） out on a regular
basis.
③It will be beneficial for you （adapt） to the new
environment and life.
④You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then
（put） all those rocks into place.
To grasp　
to work　
to adapt　
to
put　
2. 作表語
動詞不定式作表語時須放在系動詞后面，表示具體動作或?qū)韯?br/>作，系動詞除be外，還有seem、 appear等。
（1）帶wh-疑問詞的動詞不定式短語可作表語。
（2）句中如果主語部分有實義動詞do的各種形式，作表語的動詞
不定式實際上是do的引申，即表示do所做的內(nèi)容，這時動詞
不定式可省略to。
Her wish is to become a teacher.
她的愿望是當一名教師。
Our difficulty is where to find a guide.
我們的困難是到哪里去找向?qū)А?br/>He seems （appears） to be living in the area.
他似乎正住在這個地區(qū)。
The least I can do is （to） write to you.
我至少能做到的是給你寫信。
【即時演練2】　單句語法填空
　①What the plan does is （ensure） a fair pension
for all.
②To know everything is （know） nothing.
③There are two tragedies in life.One is not to get your heart’s
desire.The other is （get） it.
（to） ensure　
to know　
to get　
3. 作賓語
英語中有些動詞后接另一動詞作賓語時，該動詞習(xí)慣上要用動
詞不定式形式，而不用動詞-ing形式，這類動詞（及短語動
詞）主要有：
三個希望兩答應(yīng)：hope、 wish、 want、 agree、 promise
兩個要求莫拒絕：demand、 ask、 refuse
設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定：manage、 learn、 decide
不要假裝在選擇：pretend、 choose
What I want to know is when we’re going to get paid.
我想知道的是我們什么時候發(fā)工資。
He didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words.
聽了這些話，他啼笑皆非。
It is necessary for you to learn from others.
你有必要向別人學(xué)習(xí)。
【即時演練3】　單句語法填空/完成句子
　①The main reason is that your self-control is not strong and you
tend （distract） in class.
②If it is convenient for you next Tuesday， I expect
（have） a wonderful talk with you.
③Inspired by Dr Yuan， I’m determined （study） hard
now.
④To arouse students’ interest in learning English， we’ve
planned .　（邀請信）
為了激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，我們計劃舉辦一次英語戲劇比賽。
to be distracted　
to have　
to study　
to hold an English Drama Competition　
4. 作定語
動詞不定式作定語，通常位于所修飾的詞之后，即作后置定語，說
明被修飾詞的特征。
（1）抽象名詞ability、 attempt、 chance、 courage、 decision、
effort、 failure、 promise、 way、 wish等后常接動詞不定式
作定語。
（2）序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或the only/the last/the next等后或被這
些詞修飾的名詞后，也常接動詞不定式作定語。
Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing
prices？
你們能想出一個對付日益上漲的物價的好辦法嗎？
I’ve got my wife and son to look after.
我還有妻子和兒子需要照顧。
But she gave up the chance to go abroad.
但是她放棄了出國的機會。
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night？
昨晚誰是最后一個離開教室的？
名師點津
（1）如果動詞不定式和被修飾詞之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，則動詞
不定式多半表示未來的動作，翻譯時常須在動詞不定式前加
“要”字。
（2）在處于動賓關(guān)系的情況下，如果動詞不定式是不及物動詞，其
后要加一個結(jié)構(gòu)上或含義上所需的介詞。
【即時演練4】　單句語法填空/完成句子
　①（2023·新課標Ⅰ卷）Cycling is the most economical， sustainable
and fun way （explore） the city.
②（2023·1月浙江卷）The last day （cancel） registration
and receive a full refund is 15 June.
③I’m glad you’ve got the chance （study） in China and
I really do suggest you come.
to explore　
to cancel　
to study　
5. 作狀語
動詞不定式作狀語時可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件、方式等。
We went there to see our grandparents.（表示目的）
我們?nèi)ツ抢锟次覀兊淖娓改浮?br/>I am very sorry to hear that.（表示原因）
聽到這，我很抱歉。
She hurried home only to find her father dead.（表示結(jié)果）
她匆匆趕到家，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)父親已經(jīng)去世了。
He cleared his throat as though to speak.（表示方式）
他清了清喉嚨，好像要說話的樣子。
名師點津
（1）動詞不定式作目的狀語除了用to do表示外，還可以用in order to
do或so as to do。
（2）動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常常表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果，其前
往往有only作為標志。
【即時演練5】　單句語法填空
　①The boy worked so hard （make） up for the lost time.
②After the war they left home， never （see） each other
again.
③ （live） is to function.That is all there is in living.
④Anxiously， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，
only （find） it didn’t fit.
to make　
to see　
To live　
to find　
6. 作賓語補足語
（1）動詞不定式作賓語補足語時跟在某些及物動詞的賓語之后，
對賓語作進一步的補充說明，并與該賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂
關(guān)系。這類及物動詞常見的有advise、 allow、 ask、 beg、
cause、 command、 inspire、 encourage等。
（2）一些使役動詞（如make、 let、 have等）和表示感覺的動詞
或動詞短語（如see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 hear、
feel、 look at、 listen to等）作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須省
略to。
The lady had the beggar eat with her servants.
那個女士讓乞丐和她的仆人們一起吃飯。
The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
老師讓那個淘氣的男孩在那兒站了一個小時。
I noticed the woman leave the party at about 10 o’clock.
我注意到那位女士大約10點鐘離開了聚會。
名師點津
在某些表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞（如believe、 find、 consider、 prove、
suppose、 think、 declare等）后，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式往往是
“to be＋形容詞”，這時，這些動詞后的to be通常可以省略。
They believe him （to be） innocent.
他們相信他是無辜的。
【即時演練6】　完成句子
　①His father doesn’t allow him .
他的爸爸不允許他玩電腦游戲。
②The thief was seen the bus.
有人看見小偷上了公共汽車。
③The policeman observed the man .
警察看見這個人打開了窗戶。
to play computer games　
to get on　
open the window　
二、動詞不定式的形式
1. 動詞不定式的主動形式
一般式 to do
進行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done
（1）動詞不定式的一般式（to do）所表示的動作通常與謂語動詞
所表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。
I noticed him go out.
我看見他出去了。（notice與go out同時發(fā)生）
I plan to attend the party to be held tomorrow.
我打算參加明天舉行的聚會。（attend的動作在plan后發(fā)生）
（2）動詞不定式的進行式（to be doing）表示動詞不定式的動作與
謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。
They are reported to be working hard.
據(jù)報道，他們正努力地工作。（be reported與work同時發(fā)
生）
I am very glad to be working with you.
我非常樂意與你一起工作。（be glad與work同時發(fā)生）
（3）動詞不定式的完成式（to have done）表示動詞不定式的動作
發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。
I’m very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
很抱歉讓你久等了。（keep發(fā)生在be sorry前）
He is believed to have come.
相信他已經(jīng)來了。（come發(fā)生在believe前）
名師點津
（1）在intended、 expected、 hoped、 promised等動詞后常用動詞不
定式的完成式表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望、期待或計劃等。
（2）在seem、 appear等表示看法與想法的動詞后常用動詞不定式的
完成式表示該動作先于另一個動作發(fā)生。此結(jié)構(gòu)也常用以it作形
式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)代替。
He seems to have bought the new book.
＝It seems that he has bought the new book.
他好像已經(jīng)買了那本新書。
2. 動詞不定式的被動形式
動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞與其是被動關(guān)系時，動詞不定式一
般使用被動形式。
形式 構(gòu)成 意義
一般式 to be done 表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后或同時發(fā)生的被動
動作
完成式 to have been done 表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的被動動作
有時被理解并不是一件容易的事。
The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.
那個男孩要求給他再試一次的機會。
No harm seems to have been done.
似乎并沒有什么危害發(fā)生。（harm是do的承受者，且發(fā)生在
seem前）
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.
名師點津
want、 need、 require作“需要”講時，后常接動詞不定式的被動形式
或動詞-ing形式的主動形式。
The house wants repairing/to be repaired.
這座房子需要修理了。
These flowers need watering/to be watered once a day.
這些花需要每天澆一次水。
【即時演練7】　單句語法填空/完成句子
　①He isn’t feeling well.He appears （catch） a
cold.
②He had intended （return） after receiving the first letter
from Tess.
③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle
（hear）.
④When her parents came back last night，she
.
昨天晚上當她父母回來時，她碰巧正在做作業(yè)。
to have caught　
to return　
to
be heard　
happened to be doing her
homework　
知識要點·須拾遺
關(guān)注高頻詞匯
2
profession n.職業(yè)；行業(yè)
【教材原句】　Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession
to helping people without expecting anything in return. 亨利·諾曼·白求恩
把他的生命和職業(yè)生涯都用來幫助人們，而不求任何回報。
【用法】
（1）by profession 　 　在職業(yè)上；就職業(yè)來說
（2）professional adj.　　專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的；職業(yè)性的
n.　　專業(yè)人員；職業(yè)運動員
（3）professionally adv.　　職業(yè)地
【佳句】　①A software engineer by profession， Steve was a keen
lover of the piano.
史蒂夫的職業(yè)是軟件工程師，他酷愛鋼琴。
②After he won the amateur championship he turned professional.
他獲得業(yè)余比賽的冠軍后便轉(zhuǎn)為職業(yè)運動員了。
③A doctor who gives away confidential information about patients is not
behaving professionally.
醫(yī)生把病人的私人資料透露出來是違反職業(yè)道德的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He dealt with the problem in a highly （profession）
way.
②Ville’s wife is Chinese and she is a cook profession.
professional　
by　
【寫美】　完成句子
③ ， work hard to be the best！
無論你選擇什么職業(yè)，努力做到最好吧！
④If it’s a legal matter you need .
如果是法律問題，你需要尋求專業(yè)建議。
⑤Since they were professionals， the situation
.
因為他們是專業(yè)人士，所以情況得到了專業(yè)的處理。
Whatever profession you choose　
to seek professional advice　
was handled
professionally　
mixture n.混合；結(jié)合體；混合物
【教材原句】　Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger
and boredom.
遠渡重洋往往既危險又無聊。
（1）mix vi.& vt.（使）混合；（使）摻和
mix with 　　與……混合；融合
mix A with B＝mix A and B （together）　　把A與B混合起來/融合在
一起
mix up 　　混淆；弄混；弄亂
（2）mixed adj.　　混合的；混雜的
have mixed feelings （about sb/sth）　　（對……）有矛盾的感情
【用法】
【佳句】　With a mixture of fear and anxiety， Mary started leaving the
restaurant to search for her friend.帶著恐懼和焦慮，瑪麗開始離開餐廳
去尋找她的朋友。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I listened to his adventure with a （mix） of amusement
and disbelief.
②I don’t like to mix business pleasure.
mixture　
with　
【寫美】　完成句子
③Looking back on his childhood， he .
回顧他的童年，他充滿了復(fù)雜的感情。
④The reason why I love the city is
.
我喜歡這個城市的原因是它是新舊建筑的混合體。
is full of mixed feelings　
that it is a mixture of old and new
buildings　
applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.稱贊；贊賞
【教材原句】　The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important
ocean research work.
觀眾起立為科學(xué)家們重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。
【用法】
（1）applaud for　　　　為……鼓掌/喝彩
（2）applause n.　　鼓掌；掌聲
gain one’s applause　　贏得某人的掌聲
burst into thunderous/storming applause　　爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲
【佳句】　The competitors were sewing and attaching with their skillful
hands， during which the classmates were cheering and applauding.
選手們用嫻熟的雙手縫制、粘貼，同學(xué)們在一旁歡呼、鼓掌。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①All her teachers and classmates applauded her and there was a
wide smile on her face.
②When I finished my performance， the audience burst
into （applaud）.
for　
applause　
【寫美】　完成句子
③His perfect performance .
他精彩的表演贏得了觀眾的掌聲。
gained the audience’s applause　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
1. （2023·新課標Ⅰ卷）I feel an urge （express） my
different voices，hoping that this wouldn’t offend you.
2. I’d like to invite you to take part in our 3-km race
（hold） in our playground this Saturday morning.
3. Ariel found that the swan which buried its neck in its wings
seemed （lose） its energy.
to express　
to be held　
to have lost　
4. In my opinion， it is necessary for us （practice）
kung fu， because it can help us keep healthy.
5. （solve） this problem， you must combine theory with
practice.
6. The next morning， we hurried into the kitchen and looked for Dad，
only （find） that he had gone out.
7. My suggestion is that you should take this opportunity
（prove） yourself.
to practice　
To solve　
to find　
to prove　
維度二：語法與寫作
1. 上初三時，我的目標是成為全班最好的學(xué)生。（動詞不定式作
表語）


2. 為了實現(xiàn)這個目標，我決定像我的同桌一樣每天熬夜學(xué)習(xí)到半夜。
（動詞不定式作目的狀語和賓語）


When I was a junior three student， my aim was to be the best student
in my class.
To achieve this goal， I decided to stay up to study until midnight like
my deskmate.
3. 我努力第一個到，最后一個走，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我上課總是發(fā)困。（動詞不
定式作定語和結(jié)果狀語）


4. 保持充足的睡眠是很重要的。（動詞不定式作真正主語）

5. 他建議我制定一個適合我自己的計劃。（動詞不定式作賓語補
足語）

I tried to be the first to arrive and the last to leave， only to find myself
always sleepy in class.
It was very important to have enough sleep.
He advised me to make a plan that/which is suitable for myself.
維度三：語法與語篇
　　用所給詞的適當形式完成下面短文。
　　Not that long ago， my first thought at mealtimes was 1.
（eat） at a restaurant.I was eager 2. （try） new
restaurants.3. （eat） out was also a social activity，allowing
me 4.
to eat　
to try　
To eat　
（enhance） the relationship with my friends.I often ate out
until last month，when I came across a cooking app.There are a variety of
recipes in the app 5. （choose） from.They are uploaded
by users，and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them
step by step.Most of the recipes include photos or videos，which are very
useful for beginners.When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try， I
discovered that it was not that difficult 6.
to enhance　
to choose　
（make） a simple and tasty dish.In the past few weeks，
I’ve thrown myself into home cooking， from boiling noodles in the pot
to 7. （fry） steak in the pan.I hardly eat out any more.Not
only is cooking at home cheaper， but I can cook exactly what I
want.It’s healthier too.No wonder people say nothing beats home
cooking！
to make　
frying　
　　Now I am good at 8. （cook） a couple of dishes.My
plan is 9. （invite） my friends over at the weekend 10.
（show） them my new-found skills.I hope that they will like my
cooking！
cooking　
to invite　
to
show　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·山東六校高二下月考）The quality of our seafood has been
in the news a lot lately.A new study has found that people who eat seafood
are also eating plastic — 11，000 pieces of microplastic per year to be
exact.
　　Researchers at the University of Ghent in Belgium found that seafood
eaters are consuming plastic at a concerning rate.
　　“Per serving of mussels， which contains about 300 grams of
mussel meat， you get 300 pieces of plastic inside your body，”
researchers wrote.Researchers don’t yet know the implications of eating
microplastic， but they worry that it could have negative consequences on
our health.
　　While we don’t know what microplastic does yet to humans， we
do know what it does to sea animals.In prior studies， scientists have
found that when fish eat microplastics， it prevents their growth and
changes their feeding patterns.In fact， fish will stop eating natural
sources of nutrients， and only go for plastic.
　　When you’re done using plastic， a small portion may be
recycled.However， more than likely it’s in a landfill or making its way
towards the ocean.Once trash hits the water， sea creatures may mistake it
for food.This often leads to poisoning or death.If the marine animal gets
caught for human consumption， the plastic may very well make its way
back to you — on your dinner plate.
　　According to a study published in Science magazine， eight million
tons of plastic go into our waterways every year.The problem is so serious
that scientists say that by 2050 the weight of plastic in our oceans will
outweigh fish.And just because it’s out of sight doesn’t mean it should
be out of mind.
　　There’s no immediate way to prevent microplastic from ending up
in your body.However， you can help reduce the amount of plastic
reaching rivers， lakes and oceans in the first place.You can make a
difference with your choices every day.Even small changes will add
up.While your salmon dinner may contain microplastic， you can help
prevent the future generations from having that same problem.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人類不負責(zé)任地將塑料丟進海洋，
可是，讓我們意想不到的是，這些塑料又通過海洋生物回到了我們
的餐桌。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人類不負責(zé)任地將塑料丟進海洋，
可是，讓我們意想不到的是，這些塑料又通過海洋生物回到了我們
的餐桌。
1. What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 3
probably mean？（　　）
A. Real functions.
B. Possible effects.
C. Logical reasons.
D. Potential benefits.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文可知，作者這里在談?wù)摵ｕr中
所含塑料微粒對人類所帶來的影響。因此畫線詞意為“可能的影
響”。
2. What can we learn about microplastics in the oceans？（　　）
A. They make fish grow quickly.
B. Fish are sick and tired of them.
C. Fish tend to be addicted to them.
D. They don’t affect fish’s eating habits.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，海洋中的塑料微粒會影
響魚類的生長、改變它們的飲食習(xí)慣；而且，它們可能會放棄原來
有營養(yǎng)的食物而喜歡上塑料。
3. Which proverb can best summarize the main idea of Paragraph 5？
（　　）
A. You get what you pay for.
B. There is no smoke without fire.
C. Everything happens for a reason.
D. What goes around comes around.
解析： 　段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段可知，本段主要告訴我們：我
們丟棄的塑料最終又回到了我們的餐桌。也就是說去的（goes
around）又回來了（comes around）。
4. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the last paragraph？（　　）
A. To give us a final warning.
B. To appeal to us for action.
C. To offer us a brief summary.
D. To send us a gentle reminder.
解析： 　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，倒數(shù)第二段指出我們
所面臨形勢的嚴峻性，最后一段主要呼吁我們采取實際行動來解決
此問題。
B
　　（2024·鄭州高二下期末）A scientist has spent forty years studying
the Loch Ness monster （尼斯湖水怪）. Why does this mythical monster
attract so many people？
　　Adrian Shine has patrolled （巡邏） lakes by day and night. He’s
taken countless photos， and he’s used all the latest technological
advances to uncover the mystery behind Loch Ness monster. Twenty-five
years ago this week， he led a search of Loch Ness called Operation
Deepscan.
　　Shine may have gone to unusual lengths in his hunt for the Loch Ness
monster， but he is far from alone in being attracted by it. Willie
Cameron， an expert on the Highland tourism market， says about one
million people visit Loch Ness and the surrounding area every year， with
the value to the economy worth about ￡25m. And he says more than 85%
of them are attracted by the phenomenon of the Loch Ness monster.
“Loch Ness has become a brand as big as Elvis Presley， Madonna and
Coca-Cola — but by default rather than design，” he says.
　　So when did the Loch Ness monster gain such mythical status， and
what is the fascination with finding it？ Jonathan Downes， director of the
Centre for Fortean Zoology， says the legend of the monster dates back to
the 6th century， but it was not until the 1930s that it really took off.
Since then there has been a number of sightings， with more than a
thousand people insisting they have seen creatures in Loch Ness.
　　Downes says the strange thing about the Loch Ness monster is that
although it is “the most iconic mystery creature”， it is actually the one
with the least amount of evidence of its existence. So-called physical
evidence has turned out to be false， he says. So most of the legend
around what lies in Loch Ness comes from stories and sightings.
　　And Shine has first-hand experience of how unreliable they can be.
However， Shine says it is hard to get rid of people’s belief. Lots of
locals， too， believe there is something hiding in the loch， according to
Cameron. But Shine， who now is still hoping to find out what is behind
the mystery， says the beauty of the monster myth is that no one can
disprove it. “If Operation Deepscan proved one thing， it is that you
can’t kill a legend with science，” he says.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。尼斯湖水怪被稱為世界十大自然之
謎之一。本文通過幾位專家的觀點說明這一怪獸很有可能只是子虛
烏有的美麗傳說。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。尼斯湖水怪被稱為世界十大自然之
謎之一。本文通過幾位專家的觀點說明這一怪獸很有可能只是子虛
烏有的美麗傳說。
5. The Loch Ness monster was compared to Elvis Presley for 　　　　.
（　　）
A. they both come from the US
B. they’re both extremely famous
C. they’re both based on legend stories
D. they both improved the tourism industry
解析： 　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，作者之所以將尼斯湖水
怪與Elvis Presley、Madonna 及Coca-Cola等明星及知名品牌并列，
是因為他們都具有非常高的知名度與廣泛的影響力。
6. The Loch Ness monster has been widely known by people 　　　　.
（　　）
A. since 100 years ago
B. since 90 years ago
C. since 60 years ago
D. since 50 years ago
解析： 　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，尼斯湖水怪的傳說可以
追溯到公元6世紀，但是直到20世紀30年代它才真正廣為人知。
7. According to Jonathan Downes， what’s strange about the Loch Ness
monster？（　　）
A. It has worldwide influence.
B. It becomes a symbol of an area.
C. It seldom comes out in the daytime.
D. It lacks enough proof for its existence.
解析： 　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，在Jonathan Downes看
來，關(guān)于尼斯湖水怪，最為奇怪的是它雖然影響力很大，但是并沒
有任何證據(jù)證明其真正存在。
8. What’s Adrian Shine’s attitude towards the Loch Ness monster？
（　　）
A. Curious. B. Puzzled.
C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Adrian Shine根據(jù)自己
第一手經(jīng)歷認為尼斯湖水怪這一傳說是不可靠的，再結(jié)合他的講話
可以判斷，他對此持懷疑態(tài)度。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　（2024·昆明高二下質(zhì)檢）French explorer Jacques Cartier is known
mainly for exploring the St.Lawrence River and giving Canada its name.
　　Like many other European explorers，Jacques Cartier went to North
America looking for gold，and perhaps a shortcut to Asia.9.（　　） It
became France’s main route into Canada.
　　Jacques Cartier was born on 31 December 1491 in Brittany， a
province of France.In about 1534，the king of France asked him to lead
an expedition to the New World in search of riches and a new route to
Asia.
　　10. （　　） There he and his crew explored the land around the
Gulf of Saint Lawrence and met Native Americans.When he sailed back to
France， he took with him two native Americans.
　　11. （　　） This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint
Lawrence and into the Saint Lawrence River.The two Native Americans
he had taken before had learned French， and they served as guides.About
260 miles inland， Cartier reached the Native American village of
Stadacona.Today， the city of Quebec stands near that place.
　　Cartier and his men were among the first Europeans to winter in what
is now Canada.12.（　　） After returning to France he reported tales
told by the native people of treasures farther inland.
　　Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic in 1541.13.（　　） When
he returned to France in 1542，he was told that they were just the common
minerals pyrite （黃鐵礦） （fool’s gold） and quartz （石英）.
A. A second voyage came in May 1535.
B. Instead he found the Saint Lawrence River.
C. The bitter cold surprised them， and some of the men died.
D. He made three voyages of exploration in dangerous waters.
E. Cartier was considered one of the most devoted explorers of the period.
F. He explored further and found what he thought were gold and
diamonds.
G. In the spring of 1534 Cartier sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to what is
now Canada.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了法國探險家雅克·卡
蒂埃的三次航海探險經(jīng)歷。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了法國探險家雅克·卡
蒂埃的三次航海探險經(jīng)歷。
9. B　根據(jù)空前的Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for
gold ...和空后的It became France’s main route into Canada.可知，B
項（相反，雅克·卡蒂埃發(fā)現(xiàn)了圣勞倫斯河）符合語境，且空后的It指
的就是B項中的the Saint Lawrence River。
10. G　根據(jù)上文中的In about 1534，the king of France asked him to
lead an expedition可推知，在1534年，卡蒂埃橫渡大西洋到了現(xiàn)在的
加拿大。G項中的時間與上文相符，符合語境。
11. A　根據(jù)空后的This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of
Saint Lawrence ...可推知，在1535年5月，卡蒂埃進行了第二次航
行。故A項符合語境。
12. C　根據(jù)空前的the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada可
知，C項（加拿大的嚴寒令卡蒂埃和船員們難以承受，其中一些船員
死于嚴寒）符合語境。
13. F　根據(jù)空前的Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic和空后的he
was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite （fool’s gold）
and quartz可知，1541年卡蒂埃第三次北航，他進一步探險，發(fā)現(xiàn)了他
認為是黃金和寶石的“寶物”。故F項符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·濟南高二下期末）MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back
to when she was just 4 years old， when she first got the opportunity to
have a try on a boat.“It 　14　 me that this boat had everything we
needed to take us anywhere in the world.And as a child， that opened up
everything and made me feel the greatest sense of 　15　，” she
explained.
　　This experience 　16　 a passion within MacArthur that she wanted
to sail around the world.Growing up in the countryside， she had no idea
how to 　17　 it.However， she knew that that was what she wanted to
do at some stage.So she acquired knowledge and 　18　 for years to seek
her dream in sailing.Having merely potatoes and beans every day for eight
years， she 　19　 could afford the right equipment.By reaching
such 　20　goals and asking technical questions about 　21　，
MacArthur felt as though she was getting 　22　 to her ambition.
　　“The impossible could be possible and 　23　 high is not
necessarily such a crazy thing to do，” she said.And it seems that
MacArthur’s 　24　 to become a sailor went beyond her
expectations.At the age of 24， she started to 　25　media attention after
winning the second place in the Vendée Globe， a single-handed non-stop
yacht （帆船） race that went around the world.
　　Four years later， MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14
hours， 　26　 more than 26，000 miles.This led her to set a new
record. 　27　 this record has been surpassed （超過），MacArthur is
still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore racer.
　　So when you know where you’re going， you can actually get
there — even if it seems 　28　！
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。4歲時的一次坐船經(jīng)歷點燃了麥克阿
瑟環(huán)游世界的激情，她最終實現(xiàn)了夢想，把不可能變成了可能。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。4歲時的一次坐船經(jīng)歷點燃了麥克阿
瑟環(huán)游世界的激情，她最終實現(xiàn)了夢想，把不可能變成了可能。
14. A. benefited B. struck
C. taught D. treated
解析： 　“我”突然想到，這艘船擁有帶“我們”到世界上任
何地方所需要的一切。It strikes/struck sb that ...為固定句型，意
為“某人突然想到……”。
15. A. wonder B. magic
C. direction D. freedom
解析： 　這一切讓麥克阿瑟開闊了眼界，感受到極大的自由
感。
16. A. lighted B. left
C. carried D. invented
解析： 　這次經(jīng)歷點燃了她想環(huán)游世界的激情。
17. A. approach B. gain
C. achieve D. forget
解析： 　她想要環(huán)游世界，從小在鄉(xiāng)下長大的她不知道如何做
到這一點。
18. A. made up B. saved up
C. turned up D. picked up
解析： 　她為此獲取知識，攢了多年的錢。
19. A. eventually B. fortunately
C. gradually D. definitely
解析： 　八年里，她只吃土豆和豆類，終于攢夠了錢購買合適
的設(shè)備。
20. A. personal B. financial
C. final D. academic
解析： 　這里指做好了經(jīng)濟上和航海知識上的儲備，詢問的應(yīng)
該是航海技術(shù)問題。
21. A. school B. sailing
C. driving D. business
解析： 　參見上題解析。
22. A. further B. deeper
C. closer D. smarter
解析： 　麥克阿瑟覺得她離自己追求的目標越來越近了。
23. A. working B. designing
C. meaning D. aiming
解析： 　不可能的事也可能發(fā)生，把目標定得高并不一定是一
件瘋狂的事情。
24. A. lesson B. mind
C. confidence D. plan
解析： 　麥克阿瑟成為一名航海者的計劃似乎超出了她的預(yù)
期。
25. A. accept B. receive C. enjoy D. keep
解析： 　她開始受到媒體的關(guān)注。
26. A. including B. reaching
C. covering D. floating
解析： 　四年后，麥克阿瑟選擇航行71天14個小時，航程超過
26，000英里。
27. A. After B. When
C. Whether D. While
解析： 　盡管這一紀錄已經(jīng)被打破，麥克阿瑟仍然被認為是英
國最成功的航海賽選手。
28. A. impossible B. constant
C. valuable D. available
解析： 　所以當你知道你要去哪里的時候，你實際可以到達那
里，即使這看起來是不可能的。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　China’s new deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe set a
29. 　　　　　　 （nation） diving record of 10，909 meters in the
Mariana Trench.Only a few people 30. 　　　　　　 （visit） the
bottom of the Mariana Trench so far.
　　Four hours after the task started， a group photo of three Chinese
divers was sent back， with each one 31. 　　　　　　 （carry） a food
plate in hand.They decided to work for six hours after they reached
32. 　　　　　　 deepest spot.That spot is known as the Challenger
Deep， with a 33. 　　　　　　 （deep） of over 10，900 meters.The
water pressure is 110 kPa， 34. 　　　　　　 makes designing and
operating submersibles difficult.
　　The cabin covering uses titanium （鈦）， a perfect material with
high strength that allows the submersible 35. 　　　　　　 （bear）
water pressure at 10，000 meters under the sea.Powered by a battery，
Fendouzhe can pick up samples from the surrounding environment
36. 　　　　　　 its flexible robotic arms， which can work with the
accuracy of one centimeter.
　　Sylvia Earle， former chief scientist of the US NOAA， said that the
world is 37. 　　　　　　 （current） in the greatest age of deep-sea
research.China now is leading the world in many aspects of deep-sea
38. 　　　　　　 （explore）.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國新型深海載人潛水器“奮斗
者”在馬里亞納海溝潛水10，909米，創(chuàng)下中國載人深潛新紀錄。
29. national　設(shè)空處作定語，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞短語diving
record。故填national。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國新型深海載人潛水器“奮斗
者”在馬里亞納海溝潛水10，909米，創(chuàng)下中國載人深潛新紀錄。
30. have visited　根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主
語people表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，助動詞用have，故填have visited。
31. carrying　此處是“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語each
one指代上文的divers，動詞carry和divers之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動詞-
ing形式作賓語補足語。故填carrying。
32. the　形容詞最高級deepest前應(yīng)用定冠詞the。
33. depth　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合空前的a可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞，故
填depth。
34. which　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代指
前面整句話，在從句中作主語，故填which。
35. to bear　allow sb/sth to do sth允許某人/某物做某事。故填to bear。
36. with　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指“用其靈活的機械臂”，應(yīng)用介詞
with。
37. currently　設(shè)空處作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填currently。
38. exploration　設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語，exploration意為“探索”，
為不可數(shù)名詞。
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