資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
維度一：基礎題型練
1.I work out every day， 　　　　　　benefits my health greatly.
2.I will take you around my hometown， 　　　　　you can enjoy the lion dance during the Spring Festival.
3.Thanks to the opportunity， Cerveny met the person 　　　　　　whom he always wanted to express his appreciation.
4.The reason 　　　　　　I like swimming so much is that it can help build up my body.
5.Anyone 　　　　　　is interested can learn more about the profound Chinese history.
6.I find it difficult to have a good command of Chinese calligraphy， 　　　　　　which I am extremely interested.
7.　　　　　　 is planned， the interview will be held at the gym in our school this Sunday afternoon.
8.It is the occasion 　　　　　　we send best wishes and express our thanks to our dear teachers.
9.Crowds of audience gather around the venues， all of 　　　　　　are watching and cheering for the athletes.
10.It is the most interesting book 　　　　　　he has ever read.
維度二：語法與寫作
1.他在英語演講比賽中獲得一等獎，這使他的臉上露出了燦爛的笑容。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.我積極參加了英語講座，從中了解到英國和美國的文化。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.歡迎對該活動感興趣的任何學生參加。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.正如那句老話所說：“只學習，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會變傻。”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.課外活動可以給我們快樂，幫助我們放松自己，其中打籃球是我的最愛。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.我們學校下周日將舉行主題為“中國傳統習俗”的活動。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
維度三：語法與語篇
Yangshuo， China
　　It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before， I’d been at home in Hong Kong，1.　　　　　　 I breathed its choking smog.Here， the air was clean and fresh， even with the rain.
　　I’d skipped nearby Guilin， 2.　　　　　　 is a dream place for tourists 3.　　　　　　　 seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4.　　　　　　　 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 5.　　　　　　 fly to Guilin， it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
　　Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travellers 6.　　　　　　　 was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 7.　　　　　　　 are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 8.　　　　　　　 are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，9.　　　　　　 is a travel company in Hong Kong， says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 10.　　　　　　　 live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·南京高二下學期質檢）Famous American poet Robert Frost once said， “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” Although it is not impossible to translate poetry， Xu Yuanchong， a well-known Chinese translator， has striven to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life.
　　His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation，“You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm， but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty， which is quite extraordinary.”
　　Xu has just turned 100 years old.On 1 April， China Translation and Publishing House published a series of commemorative （紀念的） books about his life and career to pay tribute to this centenarian.
　　Since 1978， Xu has published more than 100 translated novels， anthologies （選集） and plays in Chinese， English and French， reaching potentially millions of readers at home and abroad.Most notably， he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French.He is also the first Asian winner of the “Aurora Borealis Prize” for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature.
　　Xu is known to be very fastidious in his work.He has dedicated his life to “translating beautifully”.For him， English is a “scientific” language that demands accuracy， while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content.Following this principle， Xu not only keeps faithfulness in sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation.
　　Through Xu’s translations， time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world at large.
　　For instance， when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a controversial healthcare reform during his presidency， some senators were opposed at first.But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow （《江雪》） translated by Xu， one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent， non-conformist （不墨守成規的） thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama， noted NewsChina.
　　Having made such great achievements， the 100-year-old remains diligent.He lives alone in an old house near Peking University.In his simple room， decorated with traditional Chinese furniture， he maintains a routine.Every day he translates roughly 1，000 words， working till 3 to 4 a.m.， sleeping about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a.m. to continue.
　　“Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul.A sudden flash of a good word or a good line thrills every inch of my skin，” Xu told NewsChina.
1.What does the article tell us about Xu Yuanchong？（　　）
A.He’s the first winner of The Aurora Borealis Prize.
B.He has translated about 100 Chinese literary works into English.
C.He is widely known for his translated rhymed verse.
D.He has mastered at least three foreign languages.
2.What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？（　　）
A.Particular.　　　　　　 B.Satisfied.
C.Inventive. D.Productive.
3.Why was Barack Obama mentioned in the article？（　　）
A.To show Xu’s popularity.
B.To illustrate Xu’s influence.
C.To introduce his reform.
D.To stress Xu’s wisdom.
4.Which of the following can best describe Xu？（　　）
A.Modest and insightful.
B.Considerate and cautious.
C.Creative and open-minded.
D.Dedicated and passionate.
B
　　（2024·重慶高二下學期月考）The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry and in the Song Dynasty， the emerging Ci was the mainstream in Chinese literature.However， during the Yuan Dynasty， zaju， or drama， prospered.There were about 100 dramatists who wrote about 500 plays， but most of them were unfortunately lost long ago.
　　There were several factors that made it possible for drama to develop in this period.Cities grew as a result of the growth of handicrafts and commerce， and people living in cities needed recreation and amusements.It was then possible for singers， story-tellers， actors and actresses to make a living.Scholars and writers who had frowned upon drama were then interested in it， and began to write it， because they wanted to use it as a weapon for attacking the rule they hated.Besides， in the early period of the Yuan Dynasty， imperial examinations were stopped， and Han scholars were no longer able to get government posts， as they were discriminated （歧視） against.They had to live as and among the ordinary people， and therefore they had a good understanding of the ordinary people’s lives and feelings， which gave them rich material for their plays.
　　The first well-known Yuan dramatist that should be mentioned is Guan Hanqing， who lived in the 13th century.A native of Dadu （now Beijing）， he worked there as a doctor， but was known for the many plays he wrote.His works include tragedies， comedies and historical plays.Some of them describe the life of the people of his day； others are based on historical events.All of them sing praises of the oppressed or expose the evils of the ruling classes.
　　The Injustice Suffered by Dou E may be Guan’s best-known tragedy.The play praises Dou E’s fighting spirit and exposes and condemns the dark society and unjust legal system.In many of his plays， Guan Hanqing gives truthful pictures of the people’s sufferings under Yuan rule.Realism in his plays is intense and powerful.
5.What does the underlined word “prospered” in the first paragraph mean？（　　）
A.Became popular.　　 B.Became available.
C.Became interesting. D.Became meaningful.
6.What is the author’s purpose of writing the second paragraph？（　　）
A.To introduce a topic.
B.To express an opinion.
C.To provide some facts.
D.To explain some reasons.
7.What made Han scholars get rich material for their plays？（　　）
A.Being looked down upon.
B.Getting government posts.
C.Passing imperial examinations.
D.Getting close to common people.
8.Why did Guan Hanqing write The Injustice Suffered by Dou E？（　　）
A.To criticize social evils.
B.To record historical events.
C.To reflect ordinary people’s lives.
D.To describe the ruling classes’ lives.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·南昌高二下學期期末）I log onto a computer at the doctor’s office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There， a robotic nurse 　9　 me to the device and then takes my blood pressure.Some time later， comes the doctor， who is also a robot.He notes down my 　10　 and gives me a（n） 　11　.I pay for my visit using a credit card and return home without having met another human being.This is my nightmarish vision of the future， which hasn’t happened 　12　 yet.
　　I should say I really do like many aspects of 　13　.I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.But I am writing this because I don’t want machines to 　14　.
　　When I call my dentist’s office and actually get a human being on the line， I am 　15　.And when I see the introduction of more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store， I feel like 　16　， “When it comes to cashiers， make mine a（n） 　17　， please！”
　　After all， human cashiers sometimes 　18　 you a store coupon for items you are buying.Even more than that， real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children， which can 　19　 young mothers’ day.A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person 　20　 to get that last penny out of his purse.
　　Machines can be 　21　 and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine.　22　 they lack an element so important to everyday life.
　　Call it the spirit， the soul or the heart.It is 　23　 no machine will ever have.It is human being that encourages us to smile at others， which may be what they need at that moment.
9.（　）A.tears　　　　　 B.directs
C.follows D.separates
10.（　）A.signals B.symptoms
C.sculptures D.symbols
11.（　）A.description B.assumption
C.prescription D.subscription
12.（　）A.at most B.at last
C.at least D.at intervals
13.（　）A.commerce B.agriculture
C.literature D.technology
14.（　）A.cut in B.pass by
C.take over D.go away
15.（　）A.annoyed B.thrilled
C.discouraged D.disappointed
16.（　）A.cursing B.laughing
C.shouting D.weeping
17.（　）A.machine B.human
C.animal D.plant
18.（　）A.give B.remind
C.bargain D.purchase
19.（　）A.brighten B.darken
C.strengthen D.widen
20.（　）A.turning B.happening
C.describing D.struggling
21.（　）A.urgent B.efficient
C.frequent D.consistent
22.（　）A.But B.Because
C.Otherwise D.Therefore
23.（　）A.everything B.nothing
C.anything D.something
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Chinese poetry has a very long history. The Book of Songs， 24.　　　　　　 first collection of folk songs and poems， was compiled （編纂） before Confucius’ time， for he mentioned the book and asked his students to study it several times. Most of the poems in the book 25.　　　　　　 （compose） during the Western Zhou period. 26.　　　　　　 was said that the Zhou rulers sent officials to different parts of the country 27.　　　　　 （collect） folk songs. They were then presented to the rulers， 28.　　　　　　 tried to judge the feelings and views of the people by them.
　　The Book of Songs marked the beginning of Chinese literature. Many of the 305 poems in the book deal with lives of the common people， their daily 29.　　　　　　 （occupation）， their joys and sorrows， their hard work and duties in wars.
Then in the Warring States period the state of Chu in the south 30.　　　　　　 （produce） a great poet — Qu Yuan. He was the first Chinese poet whose name we know. When he saw that his state was approaching ruin and yet he could do nothing to save it， he drowned 31.　　　　　　 （he） in the Miluo River near Lake Dongting. His representative work is the Li Sao， which is a long poem 32.　　　　　　 （describe） his love for his state and his disappointment 33.　　　　　　 its situation.
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.which　2.where　3.to　4.why　5.who　6.in　7.As　8.when　9.whom　10.that
維度二
1.He won the first prize in the English speech contest，which made a bright smile spread across his face.
2.I have actively attended English lectures，from which I gain a good knowledge of British and American culture.
3.Any student who is interested in the activity is welcome to participate.
4.As the old saying goes，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
5.After-class activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves， among which playing basketball is my favourite.
6.Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “Traditional Chinese Customs” next Sunday.
維度三
1.where　2.which　3.who/that　4.that/which　5.who　6.that/which　7.that/which　8.that/who　9.which
10.who/that
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了著名翻譯家許淵沖先生在詩歌翻譯方面的成就以及他的影響力。
1.C　推理判斷題。根據第一段和第四段可知，許淵沖以他翻譯的押韻詩而聞名。
2.A　詞義猜測題。根據第五段中的He has dedicated his life ...beauty in sensibility in his translation.可知， 他不僅倡導翻譯要忠實于原文的意義，還力求保持翻譯出詩歌細膩的美。由此可知，許淵沖對于他的作品很講究。因此畫線詞fastidious意為“講究的，嚴謹的”。
3.B　推理判斷題。根據第六段以及第七段中的For instance可推斷，這里舉例子是為了闡明許淵沖的作品在西方社會和世界有很大的影響力。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的Having made such great achievements， the 100-year-old remains diligent.以及最后一段可推斷，許淵沖先生即使100歲高齡還要每天翻譯作品，并且他認為翻譯是與作者靈魂交流的方式。由此可知，他對翻譯事業的奉獻和熱愛。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了元朝時期雜劇興盛的原因，并簡要介紹了元朝最具代表性的劇作家關漢卿及其代表作《竇娥冤》。
5.A　詞義猜測題。根據第一段可知，文章前面提到了唐朝盛行詩，宋朝盛行詞，因此元朝應該是“盛行”雜劇。
6.D　段落大意題。根據第二段可知，本段主要分析了雜劇在元朝能夠得到快速發展的幾個關鍵因素。
7.D　細節理解題。根據第二段可知，在元朝科舉考試被停止，漢族知識分子失去了進入官場的機會；這使得他們跟普通老百姓生活在一起，從而獲得了大量創作戲劇的材料。
8.A　推理判斷題。根據最后兩段可知，《竇娥冤》的主題是批判統治階級并揭露社會的黑暗面。雖然該劇也描述了老百姓和統治階級的生活，但并非作者創作的主要目的。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要以作者自己的夢境引入話題，討論了機器人盡管便捷高效、節約成本，也能把很多工作做好，但卻是冷冰冰的，并不足以代替人，因為它們沒有情感、更沒有靈魂。
9.B　根據語境和常識可知，機器人護士把作者領到了儀器旁，然后量了血壓。
10.B　根據語境和常識可知，機器人醫生記下了作者的癥狀，并給作者開了處方。
11.C　參見上題解析。
12.C　機器人醫生和護士發生在作者的噩夢里，結合常識可知，這樣的情境至少到目前為止還沒有發生。
13.D　根據下文中的I am a big fan ...in winter.可知，作者對技術的很多方面都真很喜歡。
14.C　根據上文可知，作者認為機器人醫生和護士給人看病是噩夢，因此，作者并不希望機器人接管人類的眾多工作。
15.B　根據上文可知，作者把機器人問診看作是噩夢，因此聽到人類聲音的時候，作者感到非常激動。
16.C　根據語境可知，作者對于一系列人類服務倍感欣慰，所以當作者看到雜貨店里有越來越多的自助收銀臺時，作者此時肯定是不滿的，內心希望能見到人工收銀，所以他想大喊。
17.B　參見上題解析。
18.A　根據語境可知，人類收銀員有時候會給顧客商店優惠券。
19.A　根據語境可知，人類收銀員喜歡逗小孩，這會讓孩子的母親非常開心。brighten（使）明亮，（使）快活起來。
20.D　根據語境和常識可知，收銀員看到老人顫顫巍巍地從錢包里拿出最后一分錢時，會表示出同情。
21.B　根據常識可知，機器人不僅效率高，還能節約成本，但是它們缺乏人情味。
22.A　參見上題解析。
23.D　根據語境和常識可知，思想、靈魂和同情心是機器所缺乏的東西。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了中國詩歌的發展歷史。
24.the　本空后面是序數詞，因此這里填入定冠詞the。
25.were composed　由于這些詩歌是在西周時期“被創作”，因此用一般過去時的被動語態形式。
26.It　It was said that ...是一個固定句型，意為“據說……”。這里it作形式主語。
27.to collect　send sb to do sth是固定句式，表示“派某人去做某事”，因此這里應用動詞不定式形式。
28.who　前面的rulers是先行詞，因此這里填入who引導一個非限制性定語從句。
29.occupations　這里的occupation是一個可數名詞，指人們每天從事的工作和活動，需要用復數形式。
30.produced　根據上下文可知，這里需要用一般過去時態。
31.himself　drown oneself表示“自溺”，類似的短語有kill oneself。
32.describing　根據語境可知，這里需要一個后置定語，因此應用動詞-ing形式。
33.at/with/over　disappointment一詞與介詞at/with/over構成固定搭配，表示“對……的失望”。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
復習定語從句
①Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
②But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
③Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
④Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
⑤Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
⑥As a result， he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.
⑦Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now？
⑧Knowledge is the wing with which we realise our dreams.
【我的發現】
1.句③⑤中加黑部分的引導詞是關系代詞，分別在定語從句中充當　　　　 　　　　　。
2.句①②④⑥中加黑部分的引導詞是關系副詞，分別在定語從句中充當　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　狀語。
3.句⑦⑧中加黑部分為“　　　　　　　　　”引導的定語從句。
一、關系代詞引導的定語從句
1.常用的關系代詞有that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語。
2.意義及作用
成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主語 who which that
賓語 whom/who（可省略） which （可省略） that （可省略）
定語 whose whose
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
這里有一些方法可以幫你找到正確的方向。（that在從句中作主語）
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？
他是那個想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man （whom/who/that） I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/who/that在從句中作賓語，可省略）
The package （which/that） you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的那個包裹快要散開了。（which/that在從句中作賓語，可省略）
The girl whose parents are both teachers is working hard.
父母都是教師的那個女孩學習很刻苦。（whose表示那個女孩的，作定語）
He lives in a room whose window faces south.
他住在那個窗戶朝南的房間里。（whose表示那個房間的，作定語）
3.定語從句中只能用that不能用which引導的情況
（1）先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。
（2）先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。
（3）先行詞是all、 few、 little、 much、 anything、 nothing、 something等不定代詞或由它們修飾時。
Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
老師所做的事情沒有不影響到他的學生的。
（4）先行詞既有人又有物時。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.
你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很出名。
（5）先行詞被the only、 the very、 the same、 the right、 no、 one of等修飾時。
My necklace is not the only thing that’s missing.
我不只是丟了一條項鏈。
（6）當主句是which、 who、 whom引導的特殊疑問句時，為了避免重復，常用that。
Which is the movie that you like best？
哪部電影是你最喜歡的？
（7）先行詞在主句中作表語，或者關系代詞本身作從句的表語時宜用that。
China is no longer the country that she was.
中國再也不是原來的那個中國了。
4.定語從句中只能用which不能用that引導的情況
（1）引導詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且介詞位于關系代詞前時，只能用which。
The world in which we live is made of matter.
我們生活的世界是由物質組成的。
（2）在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which。
The sun heats the Earth，which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太陽給予大地熱量，這就使植物的生長成為可能。
【即時演練1】　用適當的關系代詞填空
　①BMI is an internationally recognised measurement tool 　　　　　　gives an indication of whether someone has a healthy weight.
②This is the boy 　　　　　　father died three years ago.
③Who is the person 　　　　　　is standing at the gate？
④He talked about the teachers and schools 　　　　　　he had visited.
⑤This is the vision phone through 　　　we can see and talk to our friends.
⑥Those 　　　　　　want to go to the computer room write your names here.
二、關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞 先行詞 句法功能
when 時間 時間狀語
where 地點 地點狀語
why 原因 原因狀語
But like all performances， there are moments when things go wrong.
但就像所有的表演一樣，有些時候會出問題。
This is the village where we worked ten years ago.
這就是十年前我們工作過的那個村莊。
Do you know the reason why he is absent？
你知道他缺席的原因嗎？
名師點津
關系副詞與關系代詞的選擇
若先行詞為一些表示地點的抽象名詞，如situation、 point、 stage、 position、 part、 condition、 case等，且引導詞在從句中作狀語，常用關系副詞where或“介詞＋關系代詞”引導定語從句。如果引導詞在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，用關系代詞that/which引導。
I have come to the point where/at which I can’t stand him.
我已經到了無法容忍他的地步。
He’s got into the situation where/in which he is heavily in debt.
他已經陷入負債累累的境地。
At last he got the position （that/which） he had been dreaming of.
他最終得到了他夢寐以求的那個職位。
【即時演練2】　用適當的關系詞填空
①This is the case 　　　　　　he’s had all his money stolen.
②The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point 　　　　　　he can walk correctly and safely.
③There are several research centers in China 　　　　　　a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
④The time is not far away 　　　　　　modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
⑤Can you help me to think of a reason 　　　　　　seems reasonable for my being absent？
三、“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句
構成 用法
名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關系代詞 可轉化為“whose＋名詞”結構
數詞/形容詞最高級＋of＋關系代詞 數詞還可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代詞替換
介詞（短語）＋關系代詞 關系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可與關系副詞互換
介詞＋關系代詞＋名詞 關系代詞常用which或whose
Recently， I bought an ancient vase， the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我買了一個古代的花瓶，它的價格很合理。
He has ten cousins， the youngest of whom is very clever.
他有十個表兄弟，最小的那個很聰明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
我們正在尋找這本書的主人。
Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.
莉莉可能會來，要是那樣的話我就去問她。
There is a big window in my room， from which I can see the railway station.
我的房間有一個大窗戶，透過它我可以看到火車站。
名師點津
關系代詞前介詞選擇“三原則”：一看先行詞，二看動詞，三看意義。
（1）一看先行詞，即根據定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關系選擇。
I never forget the day on which I came to this school.
我永遠忘不了我來這所學校的那一天。
（2）二看動詞，即根據定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配關系選擇。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3，000 yuan.
這就是我花了三千元買的蘋果平板電腦。
（3）三看意義，即根據定語從句所要表達的意思來確定介詞。
This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
這就是我的那副眼鏡，沒有它我看不清楚。
【即時演練3】　用適當的“介詞＋關系代詞”結構填空
①100℃ is the temperature 　　　　　　　water will boil.
②Wind power is an ancient source of energy 　　　　　　　　we may return in the near future.
③Great changes have taken place in the city 　　　　　　　　she grew up.
④They have a friend， the daughter 　　　　　　　　　　is working in that big company now.
⑤Scientists have many advanced theories about why human beings cry tears， none 　　　　　　　　has been proved.
⑥He wrote many children’s books， nearly half 　　　　　　　　were published in the 1990s.
⑦I met the fruit-pickers， several 　　　　　　　　were university students.
⑧His car， 　　　　　　　　　　he paid ￡1，000， is now only worth ￡500.
⑨Ashdown forest， 　　　　　　　　　　we’ll be driving， isn’t a forest any longer.
四、which與as引導非限制性定語從句時的區別
which as
先行詞 可以是一個名詞或一個句子 只能是句子
位置 只能放在先行詞的后面 位置靈活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配 無動詞的限制 謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see、 hear、 know、 expect、 remember等
詞義 這一點，這件事 正如……，正像……那樣
She married again， as we expected.
正如我們預料的那樣，她再婚了。
He failed in the experiment， which was unexpected.
他試驗失敗了，這是沒有預料到的。
As we all know， paper was invented in China.
眾所周知，紙是中國發明的。
【即時演練4】　用適當的關系詞填空
　①He didn’t pass the exam， 　　　　　　we had expected.
②There is lots of air in loose snow， 　　　　　　　　can keep the cold out.
③　　　　　　 is known to all， the Earth goes around the sun.
④“You can’t judge a book by its cover，” 　　　　　　the old saying goes.
⑤Everyone 　　　　　　knows him likes to talk with him.
⑥He said that he had never seen her before， 　　　　　　was not true.
⑦The man 　　　　　　I brought the computer from was one of my old friends.
core n.核心；精髓；（水果的）核兒
【教材原句】　The purpose of literary criticism is to get to the core of the text and discover what message the author is attempting to convey.
文學批評的目的是達到文本的核心，發現作者試圖傳達的信息。
【用法】
to the core 　　極度地；十足；直至核心
at the core of 處于……中心；成為……的核心
【佳句】　The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane， for example， formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.例如，漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬件物品構成了大英博物館的核心藏品，大英博物館于1759年開放。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The apple is rotten 　　　　　　the core.
【寫美】　完成句子
②To him the family is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
對他來說，家庭是社會的核心。
③From my point of view， economy is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在我看來，經濟是所有問題的核心。
blank adj.空白的；無圖畫（或韻律、裝飾）的；沒表情的n.空白；空格
【教材原句】　Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry.無韻詩可能是最常見和最有影響的英文詩歌形式之一。
【用法】
go blank　　　　　 　（腦子里）突然一片空白
look blank 顯出迷茫的神情
a blank sheet of paper 一張白紙
【佳句】　Stunned and paralyzed， Leo couldn’t believe what he thought was a beautiful scene turned out to be just a blank wall.
利奧驚得不能動彈，他不敢相信自己原以為是一個美麗的場景，結果卻只是一堵空白的墻。
【練透】　完成句子
①Somehow he had 　　　　　　on his face.
不知怎地，他臉上毫無表情。
②All of a sudden， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
突然我的腦子一片空白。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③在這頁的一邊寫字，另一邊空著。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；贊同的
【教材原句】　In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings.在這些詩歌中，詩人泰戈爾對兒童的情感表現出同情的理解。
【用法】
（1）be sympathetic to/towards sb/sth 同情某人；贊同某事
（2）sympathy n. 同情；贊同
feel/have sympathy for sb 　同情某人
in sympathy with 贊同；支持
out of sympathy 出于同情
（3）sympathetically adv. 同情地；贊同地
【佳句】　Jack was sympathetic to poor Bernard， and hence， he resolved to make popcorn to help Bernard out of difficulty.Meanwhile， Jack’s mother was in sympathy with his brilliant idea.
杰克同情可憐的伯納德，因此，他決定做爆米花來幫助伯納德擺脫困境。與此同時，杰克的母親對他的絕妙想法表示贊同。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①We are in sympathy 　　　　　　your stand on lower taxes.
②After a year we will 　　　　　　（sympathy） consider an application for retirement.
【寫美】　完成句子
③I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　； he brought up his two children on his own.
我很同情他，他獨自撫養兩個孩子。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he gave them shelter for the night.
出于對無家可歸的孩子們的同情，他讓他們留宿過夜。
⑤He was faced with the similar problem too， so 　　　　　　　　　　　　my situation.
他也面臨類似的問題，所以他很同情我的處境。
correspondence n.來往信件；通信聯系
【教材原句】　Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence.布朗寧愛上了她的詩，然后他們就開始私人通信了。
【用法】
（1）in correspondence with與……有通信聯系；與……一致
（2）correspond vi. 　　相一致；符合；相當于；通信
correspond with sb 與某人通信；與某人符合
【佳句】　Only when what you do is in correspondence with what you say can you get along well with others.
只有當你所做的與你所說的相符時，你才能與他人相處融洽。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①His interest in writing came from a long correspondence 　　　　　　a close college friend.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
②Your account of events does not agree with hers.
→Your account of events does not 　　　　　　　　　　　　　hers.
→Your account of events is not 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　hers.
句型公式：動詞不定式（短語）作后置定語
【教材原句】　Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
泰戈爾是第一個獲得諾貝爾文學獎的亞洲人。
【用法】
常用動詞不定式（短語）作后置定語的情況：
（1）被修飾詞為序數詞、形容詞最高級或被序數詞、形容詞最高級修飾時；
（2）不定代詞something、 nothing、 little等后常用動詞不定式作后置定語；
（3）抽象名詞way、 chance、 ability、 courage、 opportunity、 wish等后常用動詞不定式作后置定語；
（4）被修飾詞前有the only、 the very、 the next等詞對其進行修飾時。
【品悟】　If you could take my application into consideration， I would cherish the precious opportunity to be a volunteer.
如果您能考慮我的申請，我將珍惜這次成為一名志愿者的寶貴機會。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①You are the only person 　　　　　　　　　　　　（go） abroad for further study in our company.
②Will you attend the meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　（hold） tomorrow？
【寫美】　完成句子
③Thank you for giving me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
謝謝你給我這次發表演講的機會。
④It is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， not where you come from or what you are.
重要的是你完成工作的能力，而不是你來自哪里或你是干什么的。
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
1.定語和主語　2.地點、時間、原因、地點
3.介詞＋關系代詞
即時演練1
①that/which　②whose　③that　④that　⑤which　⑥who
即時演練2
①where　②where　③where　④when　⑤that/which
即時演練3
①at which　②to which　③in which　④of whom
⑤of which　⑥of which　⑦of whom　⑧for which
⑨through which
即時演練4
①as　②which　③As　④as　⑤that/who　⑥which
⑦who/whom/that
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①to　②the core of society
③at the core of all the problems
2.①a blank expression　②my mind went blank totally
③Write on one side of the page and leave the other side blank.
3.①with　②sympathetically　③felt/had sympathy for/was very sympathetic to/towards him　④Out of sympathy for the homeless children　⑤he was very sympathetic about
4.①with　②correspond with； in correspondence with
5.①to go　②to be held　③the chance to make a speech
④your ability to do the job that matters
8 / 8(共97張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Learning About Language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
復習定語從句
①Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each
other.
②But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
③Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
④Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is
that man is good.
⑤Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
⑥As a result， he spent many years trying to find a state where people
would follow his teachings.
⑦Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now？
⑧Knowledge is the wing with which we realise our dreams.
【我的發現】
1. 句③⑤中加藍部分的引導詞是關系代詞，分別在定語從句中充
當 。
2. 句①②④⑥中加藍部分的引導詞是關系副詞，分別在定語從句中充
當 狀語。
3. 句⑦⑧中加藍部分為“ ”引導的定語從句。
定語和主語　
地點、時間、原因、地點　
介詞＋關系代詞　
一、關系代詞引導的定語從句
1. 常用的關系代詞有that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as，在從
句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語。
成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主語 who which that
賓語 whom/who（可省略） which （可省略） that （可省略）
定語 whose whose
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
這里有一些方法可以幫你找到正確的方向。（that在從句中作主語）
2. 意義及作用
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？
他是那個想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man （whom/who/that） I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/who/that在從句中作賓語，可
省略）
The package （which/that） you are carrying is about to come
unwrapped.
你拿的那個包裹快要散開了。（which/that在從句中作賓語，可
省略）
The girl whose parents are both teachers is working hard.
父母都是教師的那個女孩學習很刻苦。（whose表示那個女孩的，
作定語）
He lives in a room whose window faces south.
他住在那個窗戶朝南的房間里。（whose表示那個房間的，作定
語）
3. 定語從句中只能用that不能用which引導的情況
（1）先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the
bookshop.
那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。
（2）先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。
（3）先行詞是all、 few、 little、 much、 anything、 nothing、
something等不定代詞或由它們修飾時。
Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
老師所做的事情沒有不影響到他的學生的。
（4）先行詞既有人又有物時。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really
well known.
你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很出名。
（5）先行詞被the only、 the very、 the same、 the right、 no、 one
of等修飾時。
My necklace is not the only thing that’s missing.
我不只是丟了一條項鏈。
（6）當主句是which、 who、 whom引導的特殊疑問句時，為了避
免重復，常用that。
Which is the movie that you like best？
哪部電影是你最喜歡的？
（7）先行詞在主句中作表語，或者關系代詞本身作從句的表語時
宜用that。
China is no longer the country that she was.
中國再也不是原來的那個中國了。
4. 定語從句中只能用which不能用that引導的情況
（1）引導詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且介詞位于關系代詞前時，只
能用which。
The world in which we live is made of matter.
我們生活的世界是由物質組成的。
（2）在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which。
The sun heats the Earth，which makes it possible for plants to
grow.
太陽給予大地熱量，這就使植物的生長成為可能。
【即時演練1】　用適當的關系代詞填空
①BMI is an internationally recognised measurement
tool gives an indication of whether someone has a healthy
weight.
②This is the boy father died three years ago.
③Who is the person is standing at the gate？
④He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.
⑤This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our
friends.
⑥Those want to go to the computer room write your names
here.
that/which　
whose　
that　
that　
which　
who　
二、關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞 先行詞 句法功能
when 時間 時間狀語
where 地點 地點狀語
why 原因 原因狀語
But like all performances， there are moments when things go wrong.
但就像所有的表演一樣，有些時候會出問題。
This is the village where we worked ten years ago.
這就是十年前我們工作過的那個村莊。
Do you know the reason why he is absent？
你知道他缺席的原因嗎？
名師點津
關系副詞與關系代詞的選擇
若先行詞為一些表示地點的抽象名詞，如situation、 point、 stage、
position、 part、 condition、 case等，且引導詞在從句中作狀語，常用
關系副詞where或“介詞＋關系代詞”引導定語從句。如果引導詞在
從句中作主語、賓語或表語，用關系代詞that/which引導。
I have come to the point where/at which I can’t stand him.
我已經到了無法容忍他的地步。
He’s got into the situation where/in which he is heavily in debt.
他已經陷入負債累累的境地。
At last he got the position （that/which） he had been dreaming of.
他最終得到了他夢寐以求的那個職位。
【即時演練2】　用適當的關系詞填空
①This is the case he’s had all his money stolen.
②The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point
he can walk correctly and safely.
③There are several research centers in China a certain disease
called Bird Flu is being studied.
④The time is not far away modern communications will
become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
⑤Can you help me to think of a reason seems reasonable
for my being absent？
where　
where　
where　
when　
that/which　
三、“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句
構成 用法
名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關系代詞 可轉化為“whose＋名詞”結構
數詞/形容詞最高級＋of＋關系代詞 數詞還可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代詞替換
介詞（短語）＋關系代詞 關系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可與關系副詞互換
介詞＋關系代詞＋名詞 關系代詞常用which或whose
Recently， I bought an ancient vase， the price of which was very
reasonable.
最近，我買了一個古代的花瓶，它的價格很合理。
He has ten cousins， the youngest of whom is very clever.
他有十個表兄弟，最小的那個很聰明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
我們正在尋找這本書的主人。
Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.
莉莉可能會來，要是那樣的話我就去問她。
There is a big window in my room， from which I can see the railway
station.
我的房間有一個大窗戶，透過它我可以看到火車站。
名師點津
關系代詞前介詞選擇“三原則”：一看先行詞，二看動詞，三看
意義。
（1）一看先行詞，即根據定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關系選
擇。
I never forget the day on which I came to this school.
我永遠忘不了我來這所學校的那一天。
（2）二看動詞，即根據定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配關系選
擇。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3，000 yuan.
這就是我花了三千元買的蘋果平板電腦。
（3）三看意義，即根據定語從句所要表達的意思來確定介詞。
This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
這就是我的那副眼鏡，沒有它我看不清楚。
【即時演練3】　用適當的“介詞＋關系代詞”結構填空
①100℃ is the temperature water will boil.
②Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return
in the near future.
③Great changes have taken place in the city she grew up.
④They have a friend， the daughter is working in that big
company now.
⑤Scientists have many advanced theories about why human beings cry
tears， none has been proved.
at which　
to which　
in which　
of whom　
of which　
⑥He wrote many children’s books， nearly half were
published in the 1990s.
⑦I met the fruit-pickers， several were university students.
⑧His car， he paid ￡1，000， is now only worth ￡500.
⑨Ashdown forest， we’ll be driving， isn’t a
forest any longer.
of which　
of whom　
for which　
through which　
四、which與as引導非限制性定語從句時的區別
which as
先行詞 可以是一個名詞或一個句子 只能是句子
位置 只能放在先行詞的后面 位置靈活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配 無動詞的限制 謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see、 hear、 know、
expect、 remember等
詞義 這一點，這件事 正如……，正像……那樣
She married again， as we expected.
正如我們預料的那樣，她再婚了。
He failed in the experiment， which was unexpected.
他試驗失敗了，這是沒有預料到的。
As we all know， paper was invented in China.
眾所周知，紙是中國發明的。
【即時演練4】　用適當的關系詞填空
①He didn’t pass the exam， we had expected.
②There is lots of air in loose snow， can keep the cold out.
③ is known to all， the Earth goes around the sun.
④“You can’t judge a book by its cover，” the old saying
goes.
⑤Everyone knows him likes to talk with him.
⑥He said that he had never seen her before， was not true.
⑦The man I brought the computer from was one of
my old friends.
as　
which　
As　
as　
that/who　
which　
who/whom/that　
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
core n.核心；精髓；（水果的）核兒
【教材原句】　The purpose of literary criticism is to get to the core of
the text and discover what message the author is attempting to convey. 文
學批評的目的是達到文本的核心，發現作者試圖傳達的信息。
【用法】
to the core 　　極度地；十足；直至核心
at the core of 　　處于……中心；成為……的核心
【佳句】　The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane， for
example， formed the core collection of the British Museum which
opened in 1759.
例如，漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬件物品構成了大英博物館的核心藏
品，大英博物館于1759年開放。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The apple is rotten the core.
【寫美】　完成句子
②To him the family is .
對他來說，家庭是社會的核心。
③From my point of view， economy is
.
在我看來，經濟是所有問題的核心。
to　
the core of society　
at the core of all the
problems　
blank adj.空白的；無圖畫（或韻律、裝飾）的；沒表情的n.空
白；空格
【教材原句】　Blank verse is probably one of the most common and
influential forms of English poetry.
無韻詩可能是最常見和最有影響的英文詩歌形式之一。
【用法】
go blank　　　　　 　（腦子里）突然一片空白
look blank　　顯出迷茫的神情
a blank sheet of paper 　　一張白紙
【佳句】　Stunned and paralyzed， Leo couldn’t believe what he
thought was a beautiful scene turned out to be just a blank wall.
利奧驚得不能動彈，他不敢相信自己原以為是一個美麗的場景，結果
卻只是一堵空白的墻。
【練透】　完成句子
①Somehow he had on his face.
不知怎地，他臉上毫無表情。
②All of a sudden， .
突然我的腦子一片空白。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③在這頁的一邊寫字，另一邊空著。

a blank expression　
my mind went blank totally　
Write on one side of the page and leave the other side blank.　
sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；贊同的
【教材原句】　In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic
understanding of children’s feelings.
在這些詩歌中，詩人泰戈爾對兒童的情感表現出同情的理解。
【用法】
（1）be sympathetic to/towards sb/sth 同情某人；贊同某事
（2）sympathy n.　　同情；贊同
feel/have sympathy for sb　　　同情某人
in sympathy with　　贊同；支持
out of sympathy 　　出于同情
（3）sympathetically adv.　　同情地；贊同地
【佳句】　Jack was sympathetic to poor Bernard， and hence， he
resolved to make popcorn to help Bernard out of difficulty.Meanwhile，
Jack’s mother was in sympathy with his brilliant idea.
杰克同情可憐的伯納德，因此，他決定做爆米花來幫助伯納德擺脫困
境。與此同時，杰克的母親對他的絕妙想法表示贊同。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①We are in sympathy your stand on lower taxes.
②After a year we will （sympathy） consider an
application for retirement.
with　
sympathetically　
【寫美】　完成句子
③I ； he
brought up his two children on his own.
我很同情他，他獨自撫養兩個孩子。
④ he gave them shelter for
the night.
出于對無家可歸的孩子們的同情，他讓他們留宿過夜。
⑤He was faced with the similar problem too， so
my situation.
他也面臨類似的問題，所以他很同情我的處境。
felt/had sympathy for/was very sympathetic to/towards him　
Out of sympathy for the homeless children　
he was very
sympathetic about　
correspondence n.來往信件；通信聯系
【教材原句】　Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they
entered into personal correspondence.
布朗寧愛上了她的詩，然后他們就開始私人通信了。
【用法】
（1）in correspondence with與……有通信聯系；與……一致
（2）correspond vi.　　　　相一致；符合；相當于；通信
correspond with sb　與某人通信；與某人符合
【佳句】　Only when what you do is in correspondence with what you
say can you get along well with others.
只有當你所做的與你所說的相符時，你才能與他人相處融洽。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①His interest in writing came from a long correspondence a
close college friend.
with　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
②Your account of events does not agree with hers.
→Your account of events does not hers.
→Your account of events is not hers.
correspond with　
in correspondence with　
句型公式：動詞不定式（短語）作后置定語
【教材原句】　Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in
Literature.
泰戈爾是第一個獲得諾貝爾文學獎的亞洲人。
常用動詞不定式（短語）作后置定語的情況：
（1）被修飾詞為序數詞、形容詞最高級或被序數詞、形容詞最高級
修飾時；
（2）不定代詞something、 nothing、 little等后常用動詞不定式作后
置定語；（3）抽象名詞way、 chance、 ability、 courage、
opportunity、 wish等后常用動詞不定式作后置定語；
（4）被修飾詞前有the only、 the very、 the next等詞對其進行修飾
時。
【用法】
【品悟】　If you could take my application into consideration， I would
cherish the precious opportunity to be a volunteer. 如果您能考慮我的申
請，我將珍惜這次成為一名志愿者的寶貴機會。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①You are the only person （go） abroad for further study in
our company.
②Will you attend the meeting （hold） tomorrow？
to go　
to be held　
【寫美】　完成句子
③Thank you for giving me .
謝謝你給我這次發表演講的機會。
④It is ， not where you come
from or what you are.
重要的是你完成工作的能力，而不是你來自哪里或你是干什么的。
the chance to make a speech　
your ability to do the job that matters　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
1. I work out every day， benefits my health greatly.
2. I will take you around my hometown， you can enjoy the
lion dance during the Spring Festival.
3. Thanks to the opportunity， Cerveny met the person whom he
always wanted to express his appreciation.
which　
where　
to　
4. The reason I like swimming so much is that it can help build
up my body.
5. Anyone is interested can learn more about the profound
Chinese history.
6. I find it difficult to have a good command of Chinese
calligraphy， which I am extremely interested.
7. is planned， the interview will be held at the gym in our school
this Sunday afternoon.
why　
who　
in　
As　
8. It is the occasion we send best wishes and express our thanks
to our dear teachers.
9. Crowds of audience gather around the venues， all of are
watching and cheering for the athletes.
10. It is the most interesting book he has ever read.
when　
whom　
that　
維度二：語法與寫作
1. 他在英語演講比賽中獲得一等獎，這使他的臉上露出了燦爛的
笑容。


2. 我積極參加了英語講座，從中了解到英國和美國的文化。


　He won the first prize in the English speech contest，which made a
bright smile spread across his face.　
　I have actively attended English lectures，from which I gain a good
knowledge of British and American culture.　
3. 歡迎對該活動感興趣的任何學生參加。


4. 正如那句老話所說：“只學習，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會變傻。”


5. 課外活動可以給我們快樂，幫助我們放松自己，其中打籃球是我的
最愛。


　Any student who is interested in the activity is welcome to
participate.　
　As the old saying goes，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull
boy.”　
　After-class activities can give us amusement and help us to relax
ourselves， among which playing basketball is my favourite.　
6. 我們學校下周日將舉行主題為“中國傳統習俗”的活動。


　Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “Traditional
Chinese Customs” next Sunday.　
維度三：語法與語篇
Yangshuo， China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before
dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before， I’d been at home in Hong
Kong，1. I breathed its choking smog.Here， the air was
clean and fresh， even with the rain.
where　
I’d skipped nearby Guilin， 2. is a dream place for
tourists 3. seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters
of the Li River 4. are pictured by artists in so many
Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those
5. fly to Guilin， it’s only an hour away by car and offers all
the scenery of the better-known city.
which　
who/that　
that/which　
who　
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travellers 6.
was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the
top 10 destinations 7. are famous in the world.And the
town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their
families 8. are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，9.
is a travel company in Hong Kong， says it regularly arranges quick
getaways here for people 10. live in Shanghai and Hong
Kong.
that/which　
that/which　
that/who　
which　
who/that　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·南京高二下學期質檢）Famous American poet Robert Frost
once said， “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” Although it is not
impossible to translate poetry， Xu Yuanchong， a well-known Chinese
translator， has striven to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry
throughout his life.
His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation，
“You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm， but the dance
shows amazing freedom and beauty， which is quite extraordinary.”
Xu has just turned 100 years old.On 1 April， China Translation and
Publishing House published a series of commemorative （紀念的） books
about his life and career to pay tribute to this centenarian.
Since 1978， Xu has published more than 100 translated novels，
anthologies （選集） and plays in Chinese， English and French，
reaching potentially millions of readers at home and abroad.Most
notably， he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English
and French.He is also the first Asian winner of the “Aurora Borealis
Prize” for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature.
Xu is known to be very fastidious in his work.He has dedicated his
life to “translating beautifully”.For him， English is a “scientific”
language that demands accuracy， while Chinese is an “artistic”
language that includes a wider range of content.Following this principle，
Xu not only keeps faithfulness in sense but beauty in sensibility in his
translation.
Through Xu’s translations， time-honored Chinese wisdom has
made an impact on Western societies and the world at large.
For instance， when former US president Barack Obama tried to
begin a controversial healthcare reform during his presidency， some
senators were opposed at first.But after reading the poem titled Fishing in
Snow （《江雪》） translated by Xu， one senator was so impressed with
the fisherman’s independent， non-conformist （不墨守成規的）
thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama， noted
NewsChina.
Having made such great achievements， the 100-year-old remains
diligent.He lives alone in an old house near Peking University.In his
simple room， decorated with traditional Chinese furniture， he maintains
a routine.Every day he translates roughly 1，000 words， working till 3 to
4 a.m.， sleeping about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a.m. to continue.
“Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul.A
sudden flash of a good word or a good line thrills every inch of my
skin，” Xu told NewsChina.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了著名翻譯家許淵沖
先生在詩歌翻譯方面的成就以及他的影響力。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了著名翻譯家許淵沖
先生在詩歌翻譯方面的成就以及他的影響力。
1. What does the article tell us about Xu Yuanchong？（　　）
A. He’s the first winner of The Aurora Borealis Prize.
B. He has translated about 100 Chinese literary works into English.
C. He is widely known for his translated rhymed verse.
D. He has mastered at least three foreign languages.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段和第四段可知，許淵沖以他翻
譯的押韻詩而聞名。
2. What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 5 probably
mean？（　　）
A. Particular. B. Satisfied.
C. Inventive. D. Productive.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據第五段中的He has dedicated his
life ...beauty in sensibility in his translation.可知， 他不僅倡導翻譯
要忠實于原文的意義，還力求保持翻譯出詩歌細膩的美。由此可
知，許淵沖對于他的作品很講究。因此畫線詞fastidious意為“講究
的，嚴謹的”。
3. Why was Barack Obama mentioned in the article？（　　）
A. To show Xu’s popularity.
B. To illustrate Xu’s influence.
C. To introduce his reform.
D. To stress Xu’s wisdom.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第六段以及第七段中的For instance可
推斷，這里舉例子是為了闡明許淵沖的作品在西方社會和世界有很
大的影響力。
4. Which of the following can best describe Xu？（　　）
A. Modest and insightful.
B. Considerate and cautious.
C. Creative and open-minded.
D. Dedicated and passionate.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的Having made such
great achievements， the 100-year-old remains diligent.以及最后一段
可推斷，許淵沖先生即使100歲高齡還要每天翻譯作品，并且他認
為翻譯是與作者靈魂交流的方式。由此可知，他對翻譯事業的奉獻
和熱愛。
B
　　（2024·重慶高二下學期月考）The Tang Dynasty was the golden
age of Chinese poetry and in the Song Dynasty， the emerging Ci was the
mainstream in Chinese literature.However， during the Yuan Dynasty，
zaju， or drama， prospered.There were about 100 dramatists who wrote
about 500 plays， but most of them were unfortunately lost long ago.
　　There were several factors that made it possible for drama to develop
in this period.Cities grew as a result of the growth of handicrafts and
commerce， and people living in cities needed recreation and
amusements.It was then possible for singers， story-tellers， actors and
actresses to make a living.Scholars and writers who had frowned upon
drama were then interested in it， and began to write it， because they
wanted to use it as a weapon for attacking the rule they hated.Besides， in
the early period of the Yuan Dynasty， imperial examinations were
stopped， and Han scholars were no longer able to get government posts，
as they were discriminated （歧視） against.They had to live as and
among the ordinary people， and therefore they had a good understanding
of the ordinary people’s lives and feelings， which gave them rich
material for their plays.
　　The first well-known Yuan dramatist that should be mentioned is Guan
Hanqing， who lived in the 13th century.A native of Dadu （now
Beijing）， he worked there as a doctor， but was known for the many
plays he wrote.His works include tragedies， comedies and historical
plays.Some of them describe the life of the people of his day； others are
based on historical events.All of them sing praises of the oppressed or
expose the evils of the ruling classes.
　　The Injustice Suffered by Dou E may be Guan’s best-known
tragedy.The play praises Dou E’s fighting spirit and exposes and
condemns the dark society and unjust legal system.In many of his plays，
Guan Hanqing gives truthful pictures of the people’s sufferings under
Yuan rule.Realism in his plays is intense and powerful.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了元朝時期雜劇興盛
的原因，并簡要介紹了元朝最具代表性的劇作家關漢卿及其代表作
《竇娥冤》。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了元朝時期雜劇興盛
的原因，并簡要介紹了元朝最具代表性的劇作家關漢卿及其代表作
《竇娥冤》。
5. What does the underlined word “prospered” in the first paragraph
mean？（　　）
A. Became popular. B. Became available.
C. Became interesting. D. Became meaningful.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據第一段可知，文章前面提到了唐朝盛
行詩，宋朝盛行詞，因此元朝應該是“盛行”雜劇。
6. What is the author’s purpose of writing the second paragraph？
（　　）
A. To introduce a topic.
B. To express an opinion.
C. To provide some facts.
D. To explain some reasons.
解析：　段落大意題。根據第二段可知，本段主要分析了雜劇在
元朝能夠得到快速發展的幾個關鍵因素。
7. What made Han scholars get rich material for their plays？（　　）
A. Being looked down upon.
B. Getting government posts.
C. Passing imperial examinations.
D. Getting close to common people.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段可知，在元朝科舉考試被停
止，漢族知識分子失去了進入官場的機會；這使得他們跟普通老百
姓生活在一起，從而獲得了大量創作戲劇的材料。
8. Why did Guan Hanqing write The Injustice Suffered by Dou E？
（　　）
A. To criticize social evils.
B. To record historical events.
C. To reflect ordinary people’s lives.
D. To describe the ruling classes’ lives.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后兩段可知，《竇娥冤》的主題是
批判統治階級并揭露社會的黑暗面。雖然該劇也描述了老百姓和統
治階級的生活，但并非作者創作的主要目的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·南昌高二下學期期末）I log onto a computer at the
doctor’s office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me
into the examination room.There， a robotic nurse 　9　 me to the device
and then takes my blood pressure.Some time later， comes the doctor，
who is also a robot.He notes down my 　10　 and gives me a
（n） 　11　.I pay for my visit using a credit card and return home
without having met another human being.This is my nightmarish vision of
the future， which hasn’t happened 　12　 yet.
　　I should say I really do like many aspects of 　13　.I am a big fan of
air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.But I am writing this
because I don’t want machines to 　14　.
　　When I call my dentist’s office and actually get a human being on
the line， I am 　15　.And when I see the introduction of more self-
service checkout stations at the grocery store， I feel like 　16　，
“When it comes to cashiers， make mine a（n） 　17　， please！”
　　After all， human cashiers sometimes 　18　 you a store coupon for
items you are buying.Even more than that， real-life cashiers often take an
interest in particularly cute children， which can 　19　 young mothers’
day.A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person 　20　 to
get that last penny out of his purse.
　　Machines can be 　21　 and cost-effective and they often get the job
done just fine. 　22　 they lack an element so important to everyday life.
　　Call it the spirit， the soul or the heart.It is 　23　 no machine will
ever have.It is human being that encourages us to smile at others， which
may be what they need at that moment.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要以作者自己的夢境引
入話題，討論了機器人盡管便捷高效、節約成本，也能把很多工作
做好，但卻是冷冰冰的，并不足以代替人，因為它們沒有情感、更
沒有靈魂。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要以作者自己的夢境引
入話題，討論了機器人盡管便捷高效、節約成本，也能把很多工作
做好，但卻是冷冰冰的，并不足以代替人，因為它們沒有情感、更
沒有靈魂。
9. A. tears B. directs
C. follows D. separates
解析： 　根據語境和常識可知，機器人護士把作者領到了儀器
旁，然后量了血壓。
10. A. signals B. symptoms
C. sculptures D. symbols
解析： 　根據語境和常識可知，機器人醫生記下了作者的癥
狀，并給作者開了處方。
11. A. description B. assumption
C. prescription D. subscription
解析：　參見上題解析。
12. A. at most B. at last
C. at least D. at intervals
解析：　機器人醫生和護士發生在作者的噩夢里，結合常識可
知，這樣的情境至少到目前為止還沒有發生。
13. A. commerce B. agriculture
C. literature D. technology
解析：　根據下文中的I am a big fan ...in winter.可知，作者對
技術的很多方面都真很喜歡。
14. A. cut in B. pass by
C. take over D. go away
解析：　根據上文可知，作者認為機器人醫生和護士給人看病
是噩夢，因此，作者并不希望機器人接管人類的眾多工作。
15. A. annoyed B. thrilled
C. discouraged D. disappointed
解析： 　根據上文可知，作者把機器人問診看作是噩夢，因此
聽到人類聲音的時候，作者感到非常激動。
16. A. cursing B. laughing
C. shouting D. weeping
解析： 　根據語境可知，作者對于一系列人類服務倍感欣慰，
所以當作者看到雜貨店里有越來越多的自助收銀臺時，作者此時
肯定是不滿的，內心希望能見到人工收銀，所以他想大喊。
17. A. machine B. human
C. animal D. plant
解析： 　參見上題解析。
18. A. give B. remind
C. bargain D. purchase
解析： 　根據語境可知，人類收銀員有時候會給顧客商店優
惠券。
19. A. brighten B. darken
C. strengthen D. widen
解析： 　根據語境可知，人類收銀員喜歡逗小孩，這會讓孩子
的母親非常開心。brighten（使）明亮，（使）快活起來。
20. A. turning B. happening
C. describing D. struggling
解析： 　根據語境和常識可知，收銀員看到老人顫顫巍巍地從
錢包里拿出最后一分錢時，會表示出同情。
21. A. urgent B. efficient
C. frequent D. consistent
解析： 　根據常識可知，機器人不僅效率高，還能節約成本，
但是它們缺乏人情味。
22. A. But B. Because
C. Otherwise D. Therefore
解析： 　參見上題解析。
23. A. everything B. nothing
C. anything D. something
解析： 　根據語境和常識可知，思想、靈魂和同情心是機器所
缺乏的東西。
Ⅲ.語法填空
Chinese poetry has a very long history. The Book of Songs，
24. 　　　　　　 first collection of folk songs and poems， was compiled
（編纂） before Confucius’ time， for he mentioned the book and asked
his students to study it several times. Most of the poems in the book
25. 　　　　　　 （compose） during the Western Zhou period.
26. 　　　　　　 was said that the Zhou rulers sent officials to different
parts of the country 27. 　　　　　　 （collect） folk songs. They were
then presented to the rulers， 28. 　　　　　　 tried to judge the feelings
and views of the people by them.
The Book of Songs marked the beginning of Chinese literature. Many
of the 305 poems in the book deal with lives of the common people， their
daily 29. 　　　　　　 （occupation）， their joys and sorrows， their
hard work and duties in wars.
Then in the Warring States period the state of Chu in the south
30. 　　　　　　 （produce） a great poet — Qu Yuan. He was the first
Chinese poet whose name we know. When he saw that his state was
approaching ruin and yet he could do nothing to save it， he drowned
31. 　　　　　　 （he） in the Miluo River near Lake Dongting. His
representative work is the Li Sao， which is a long poem
32. 　　　　　　 （describe） his love for his state and his
disappointment 33. 　　　　　　 its situation.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了中國詩歌的發展歷
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了中國詩歌的發展歷史。
24. the　本空后面是序數詞，因此這里填入定冠詞the。
25. were composed　由于這些詩歌是在西周時期“被創作”，因此用
一般過去時的被動語態形式。
26. It　It was said that ...是一個固定句型，意為“據說……”。這里
it作形式主語。
27. to collect　send sb to do sth是固定句式，表示“派某人去做某
事”，因此這里應用動詞不定式形式。
28. who　前面的rulers是先行詞，因此這里填入who引導一個非限制
性定語從句。
29. occupations　這里的occupation是一個可數名詞，指人們每天從事
的工作和活動，需要用復數形式。
30. produced　根據上下文可知，這里需要用一般過去時態。
31. himself　drown oneself表示“自溺”，類似的短語有kill oneself。
32. describing　根據語境可知，這里需要一個后置定語，因此應用動
詞-ing形式。
33. at/with/over　disappointment一詞與介詞at/with/over構成固定搭
配，表示“對……的失望”。
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