資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
維度一：基礎題型練
1.　　　　　　 （dress） in a new dress， she looks very beautiful and elegant.
2.　　　　　　 （satisfy） with the efforts that the students made， all the teachers nodded and smiled.
3.The student seated at the back of the classroom 　　　　　　（bury） in novels while the teacher was giving a lesson.
4.　　　　　　 （fill） with curiosity， the artist packed his bags and left.
5.　　　　　　 （fascinate） by Peking Opera， you are sure to enjoy this exhibition.
6.　　　　　　 （compare） with the past few years， the environment of this city is getting better.
7.　　　　　　 （locate） in the northeast of Jiangxi Province， my hometown is a beautiful city with a long history.
8.I was so 　　　　　　（frighten） and cried for help.
9.　　　　　　 （accompany） by his parents， the blind boy stepped onto the stage proudly.
10.　　　　　　 （encourage） by the speech， the young people made up their minds to accept the challenge.
11.There were many people waiting at the bus stop， and some of them looked very anxious and 　　　　　?。╠isappoint）.
12.　　　　　　 （frighten） by the terrible scene in the movie， the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.
13.　　　　　　 （bring） up in the countryside， he has some difficulties in adapting to city life.
14.　　　　　　 （settle） in a peaceful way， everything returned to normal again.
15.　　　　　　 （represent） our school， I am glad to tell you something about these activities.
維度二：語法與寫作
1.Our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese knots， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們班邀請了一位老工藝師來教我們如何制作中國結，旨在弘揚中國文化。
2.I am writing in reply to the notice for volunteers，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我寫這封信是為了回復招募志愿者的通知，希望我能有機會做一名導游。
3.Delighted and excited， we entered the track field， 　　　　　　　　　　. （讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫）
我們既高興又興奮，跟著我們的領隊進入了田徑場。
4.After appreciating all the photos， you will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of our city.
欣賞完所有的照片，你會對我們城市的巨大變化感到震驚。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　， I couldn’t wait to go outside with my camera.
我被美麗的景色所吸引，迫不及待地拿著相機跑了出去。
6.　　　　　　　　　， such a chance might never come again.
這樣的機會一旦失去，可能永遠不會再來了。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　， he was all wet.
他淋了一場大雨， 全身濕透了。
8.　　　　　　　　　　　， he has been writing his paper all day long.
他把自己鎖在書房里，一整天都在寫論文。
9.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　， all of us will keep working hard.
受到你成功經歷的激勵，我們所有人都會繼續(xù)努力。
10.Greatly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I’m writing to inquire about the program.
因為對你們的暑期俱樂部極感興趣，所以我正寫信咨詢相關情況。
維度三：語法與語篇
　　1.　　　　　　 （attract） by the description of a beautiful city in the newspaper， Jack was 2.　　　　　　 （determine） to do something for the surroundings of his own. First， he took up cycling 3.　　　　　　 （save） resources. Then he called on people to save grains， because he found it hard to tolerate 4.　　　　　　 （waste） in our daily lives. After that， 5.　　　　　　 （guide） by an expert， he had his previous plan 6.　　　　 （adjust） and tried to make a switch.7.　　　　 （unite） with a group of people who had the same interest with him， he made an effort to handle the 8.　　　　　　 （pollute） river. Though feeling 9.　　　　　　 （frustrate） sometimes， he never gives up.10.　　　　　　 （support） by many citizens， he is optimistic about the future of his city.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　?。?024·滄州十校高二下學期月考）
Make a travel plan
Make a travel plan before hitting the road.It can be as rough or detailed as suits your trip， or your personality， but know the outline of where you want to go and what you want to see.If you are organising your own trip， start by checking how the professionals do it.Find out what travel agents and guidebooks recommend and then customize it to fit your needs.
Booking trips
Do your homework and get better deals.Always shop around and compare prices.Never assume some company is cheaper or better because it is bigger or more widely known.Search for booking tips that work for your circumstances.The more flexible you are with your dates， the better chance you have of getting the prices down.
Make a travel budget
Making a travel budget will save your money if you follow it.Keep track of what you are spending while travelling and make sure you do not exceed your overall budget.Follow your budget in principle， not too strictly， that will spoil your enjoyment.Make sure you’re well-prepared for unexpected fun things to do or see.
Keep a travel journal
Most people tend to forget things quickly， so keeping a travel journal is a good idea.You will enjoy reading it in the years to come.You can of course use pen and paper but modern technology can make keeping travel journal easier and more fun than ever.You can add photos and share your experience with your family and friends， or even with like-minded strangers.
1.What should we do to get better deals？
A.Do the shopping online.
B.Buy products from big shops.
C.Buy products from famous companies.
D.Compare prices between different shops.
2.What does the author advise us to do？
A.Avoid unexpected activities.
B.Follow a flexible travel budget.
C.Ask travel agents to make a plan.
D.Use pen and paper instead of iPads.
3.What’s the passage mainly about？
A.Some tips on travelling.
B.Some advantages of travelling.
C.How to enjoy your travel.
D.How to prepare for a travel.
B
　?。?024·南京高二下學期質檢）Recently， fans of self-driving cars have gotten some good news， followed by bad news. Two self-driving taxi companies were given permission to expand their work in San Francisco. But a string of accidents have led to new concerns about how safe the cars actually are.
Cruise and Waymo are two companies that have been developing self-driving taxis， sometimes called “robotaxis （robot＋taxi）”. Both companies have been testing their cars in San Francisco for years. Until recently， the cars have had a human in the driver’s seat， ready to take over if there was a problem.
But the newest self-driving cars don’t have anyone in the driver’s seat. They are programmed to do everything on their own， including obeying the rules of the road， following speed limits， and avoiding people and other cars.
Until recently， the robotaxis could only drive in specific areas， at certain times. But in early August， Waymo and Cruise were given full permission to operate their robotaxis in San Francisco. The companies were allowed to run as many driverless cars as they wanted， 24 hours a day.
But almost immediately， there were problems. A Cruise car crashed into a fire truck， sending a person to the hospital. Later， a Cruise car stopped working in the middle of an intersection， causing a traffic jam. As a result， California told Cruise to take half of its robotaxis off the roads.
For many people， the problems with the self-driving taxis didn’t come as a surprise， who believe that self-driving cars just aren’t ready yet for the real world. The chief of San Francisco’s fire department says that since May 2022， there have been over 60 cases where robotaxis interfered with fire trucks. Robotaxis have also blocked city buses and other emergency vehicles.
In spite of the problems， both Waymo and Cruise are planning to expand their self-driving car service to other cities. Cruise has plans to bring their robotaxis to at least 15 cities. Waymo says its driverless system will soon be able to work “in any city， on any kind of vehicle”.
4.What’s special about the newest self-driving cars？
A.They offer free trips.
B.They obey traffic rules.
C.They have no human drivers.
D.They avoid people and other cars.
5.What do we learn about many people’s attitude to robotaxis according to Paragraph 6？
A.They were worried about the robotaxis’ future.
B.They had no full confidence in robotaxis’ safety.
C.They were surprised about the traffic accidents.
D.They were opposed to developing the robotaxis.
6.What will Waymo and Cruise do next？
A.They will stop charging passengers.
B.They will offer robotaxis in fewer cities.
C.They will suspend their self-driving car service.
D.They will continue to promote their robotaxis.
7.Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the text？
A.Robotaxis Move Forward， but Face Problems
B.Robotaxis Have Accidents， but Make Progress
C.Cruise and Waymo to Accept New Challenges
D.Cruise and Waymo to Develop Driverless Taxis
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　?。?024·重慶高二下學期月考）When visiting a park， it is common to observe older individuals listening to audio （聲音的） books instead of reading traditional books. Audio books have become quite popular these days. 　8　 Is listening to an audio book just as beneficial as reading a book？
　　　9　 Reading needs us to focus all our attention on the words in a book. We also need to find time and a specific place to sit down and read. However， audio books provide flexibility and allow individuals to engage in other activities while listening. And it gives your eyes a break， too.
　　But the big question is， do we get knowledge from audio books as effectively as we do from paper books？ 　10　 Volunteers in group one were asked to listen to an audio book while volunteers in group two read a book of the same content. Surprisingly， both groups recalled the same amount of information， whether they listened to it or read it.
　　Another study published in the Journal of Neuroscience further supported the result above. In the study， researchers scanned （掃描） people’s brains when they listened to and read books. 　11　
　　Some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audio books， we are often multitasking. If you’re trying to learn while doing two things， you’re not going to learn as well. 　12　 It is important to avoid it while listening to audio books to ensure best learning outcomes.
A.How do people obtain audio books？
B.You can listen to audio books anytime.
C.Multitasking can interrupt effective learning.
D.Researchers conduct an experiment to figure it out.
E.Why are more and more people choosing audio books？
F.One of the main advantages of audio books is convenience.
G.It reveals that both activities excite almost the same parts of the brain.
8.　 　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　
11.　　　 12.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　?。?024·泰安高二上學期期末考試）After students have been admitted to a university， there is a lot to plan for.Buying dorm supplies， booking plane tickets， and finally 　13　 your first-year roommates — all of these things and more kept me busy as I prepared for my study in Harvard.I was excited for what college had 　14　 for me， but what made me super excited about was 　15　.
Raised in Florida， I was used to wearing shorts and sandals 　16　 all year long， and felt chilly once the weather 　17　 anywhere near 16℃.I had never needed a 　18　 or winter boots.However， in Cambridge， Massachusetts， where the temperatures can and do fall below freezing point， I would need all of the 　19　 clothing to make it through the winter.Hence， while I was excited to 　20　 different seasons， the idea of the cold made me 　21　.Would I play with the glistening snow， or would I instead spend the winter 　22　 in the cold？
It turned out I was 　23　.The Harvard administrations work to 　24　 students from low-income backgrounds to make college accessible.Particularly， money provided by the Harvard Winter Coat Fund （HWCF） made the additional 　25　 easier to shoulder.HWCF is 　26　 for all students from low-income families.I know I will always have the support I need.With it， I was able to cover the cost of my winter coat and boots， which continue to 　27　 me to this day.
13.A.contacting　　　　　　B.meeting
C.evaluating D.treating
14.A.in return B.in response
C.in common D.in store
15.A.seasons B.opportunities
C.scenery D.freedom
16.A.intentionally B.basically
C.appropriately D.specially
17.A.rose B.stayed
C.fell D.reached
18.A.scarf B.blanket
C.coat D.sweater
19.A.fancy B.comfortable
C.expensive D.warm
20.A.experience B.picture
C.distinguish D.admire
21.A.puzzled B.bored
C.worried D.disappointed
22.A.jogging B.shaking
C.wandering D.screaming
23.A.overjoyed B.overanxious
C.overactive D.overconfident
24.A.support B.educate
C.seek D.comfort
25.A.risks B.loans
C.responsibilities D.expenses
26.A.sufficient B.challenging
C.available D.unique
27.A.decorate B.protect
C.serve D.change
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Do students in your country go 　28　 （direct） to university or college after school or do they have a break first？ Taking a gap year between school and university 　29　 （be） quite common in the UK， and there are lots of different ways 　30　 （spend） your time.
What is a gap year？ A gap year is a period of time when a student takes a break 　31　 formal education.It is often spent travelling or working.The trip was one of the best 　32　 （experience） for many students.
People used to think that 　33　 （take） a gap year was negative.In the past you took a gap year if you had to retake exams 　34　 had problems between finishing school and starting higher education and then starting a career.
But now， universities encourage a gap year， and employers are happy to give jobs to students 　35　 take a gap year.As a matter of fact， a year out between school or college， or between higher education and a job， can give young people useful learning experiences， help them pick up new skills and make them 　36　 （independent） than before.More importantly， travelling to different countries and experiencing different cultures can broaden one’s perspective， enhance cross-cultural understanding， and build 　37　 sense of global citizenship.
28.　　　　　　29.　　　　　　30.　　　　
31.　　　 32.　　　 33.　　　
34.　　　 35.　　　 36.　　　
37.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.Dressed　2.Satisfied　3.was buried　4.Filled　5.Fascinated　6.Compared　7.Located　8.frightened　9.Accompanied　10.Encouraged　11.disappointed　12.Frightened
13.Brought　14.Settled　15.Representing
維度二
1.aimed at promoting the Chinese culture/aiming to promote the Chinese culture
2.hoping that I can/could have an opportunity to act as a guide
3.following our leader
4.be amazed at the great changes
5.Attracted by the beautiful scenery
6.Once lost
7.Caught in a heavy rain
8.Locked in his study
9.Inspired by your successful experience
10.interested in your summer club
維度三
1.Attracted　2.determined　3.to save　4.wasting
5.guided　6.adjusted　7.United　8.polluted　9.frustrated
10.Supported
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。旅游不但可以幫助我們開闊視野和增長見識，而且有助于我們的身心健康。文章就如何明智旅游和享受旅游提供了四條具體建議。
1.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據Booking trips部分可知，作者建議我們總是通過貨比三家來保證買賣劃算。
2.B　推理判斷題。根據第三部分Make a travel budget部分可知，作者建議我們要制定旅行預算，但不能太嚴格，要考慮到一些意外的開支。由此判斷，我們制定旅行預算時要靈活。
3.A　主旨大意題。根據四個小標題可知，作者就如何明智旅游和享受旅游提供了四條具體建議。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。最近，美國兩家無人駕駛出租車公司獲準擴大在舊金山的業(yè)務，但一系列事故引發(fā)了人們對自動駕駛汽車實際安全性的新?lián)鷳n。
4.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據第二、三段可知，以前的無人駕駛出租車其實都配有一位司機以處理突發(fā)情況，而最新上路的robotaxis卻是真正的無人駕駛。
5.B　推理判斷題。根據第六段可知，一些交通事故發(fā)生后，很多民眾對此沒有感到吃驚，他們認為無人駕駛出租車上路的時機還不成熟。這說明他們對無人駕駛出租車的安全性還沒有信心。
6.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段可知，雖然發(fā)生了一些交通事故，但是Waymo和 Cruise這兩家公司并沒有因此氣餒或改變原有戰(zhàn)略，而是繼續(xù)擴大和拓展其無人駕駛出租車的業(yè)務范圍。
7.A　標題歸納題。綜合全文可知，本文主要講述了美國舊金山放開了對無人駕駛出租車的很多限制政策，使得robotaxis可以在舊金山自由通行，但同時也發(fā)生了幾起交通事故，引發(fā)了人們對無人駕駛出租車的新?lián)鷳n，可謂有喜有憂。因此A項最適合作文章標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。有聲讀物如今變得非常流行。文章主要介紹了有聲讀物的優(yōu)點。
8.E　上文指出有聲讀物如今變得非常流行，下文提出疑問——聽有聲讀物是否有益。由此可推知，設空處應提問有聲讀物變得流行的原因，故E項符合語境。
9.F　下文指出有聲讀物的優(yōu)點，即很方便，故F項（有聲讀物的主要優(yōu)點之一是方便）能概括本段內容，符合語境。
10.D　下文提到了兩個小組的志愿者及其研究結果，由此可知，研究人員進行了一項相關的實驗，故D項符合語境。
11.G　上文指出在一項研究中，研究人員掃描了人們聽書和讀書時的大腦，設空處承接上文，應該介紹研究結果，故G項符合語境。
12.C　根據上文If you’re trying to learn while doing two things， you’re not going to learn as well.可知，多任務學習會影響學習效果，C項（多任務處理會干擾有效的學習）承接上文，對上文進行總結，符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。進入哈佛大學后，面對新學校、新的生活環(huán)境，特別是巨大的溫度變化，作者開始很擔心，后來在學校組織的幫助下得以購買所需的服裝過冬。
13.B　根據上文語境可知，購置宿舍所需物品、訂購機票等事件是按照時間順序進行的，所以此處也應按照訂完機票后的行為進行預測，即到學校并與舍友見面。
14.D　根據上文what college had可知，此處指大學將要發(fā)生的事情。
15.A　根據第二段中的different seasons可知，讓作者興奮的是季節(jié)。
16.B　根據上文Raised in Florida， I was used to wearing shorts and sandals可知，作者原先一年四季基本上穿的都是短袖、短褲和拖鞋。
17.C　根據上文中的條件狀語連詞once和它帶來的結果felt chilly可知，此處應該表示氣溫下降至16℃左右的情況。
18.C　根據文章最后一句中的cover the cost of my winter coat可知，此處為原詞復現(xiàn)。
19.D　根據下文clothing to make it through the winter可知，作者要準備一些暖和的衣物來幫助自己度過這個冬天。
20.A　根據下文different seasons可知，此處指體驗不同的季節(jié)。
21.C　根據下文Would I play with the glistening snow， or would I instead spend the winter可知，作者對于能否承擔起購買新衣物的能力很擔心。
22.B　根據上下文語境可推知，作者擔心自己可能因為沒有合適的衣服而在冬天被凍得瑟瑟發(fā)抖。
23.B　根據下文語境可知，其實哈佛大學里有專門的機構可以提供支持和幫助，所以作者隨后發(fā)現(xiàn)是自己過于焦慮了。
24.A　參見上題解析。
25.D　根據上文語境可知，購買冬衣的這些支出在作者的計劃之外，所以對于作者而言是一筆額外的支出。
26.C　根據下文I know I will always have the support I need.以及本句中強調范圍的all可知，這個基金會提供的援助覆蓋面很廣。be available for sb表示“對某人來說是可獲得的”。
27.C　根據上文語境可知，基金會的服務和幫助使作者成功抵御了寒冷，度過了作者所不熟悉的冬天，并且這些東西直到今天也在為作者服務。serve sb表示“給某人提供服務”。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。西方國家的學生在高中或大學畢業(yè)之后通常會進行一次長期的旅行，為將來上大學或步入社會作準備，這被稱為間隔年。
28.directly　考查詞形轉換。這里需要一個副詞來修飾前面的動詞go，故填directly。
29.is　考查主謂一致。本句主語為動詞-ing短語Taking a gap year，謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is。
30.to spend　考查非謂語動詞。名詞ways后跟動詞不定式作后置定語，故填to spend。
31.from　考查介詞。a break from表示“從……中獲得休息”。
32.experiences　考查名詞復數(shù)。one of后面需要接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，故填experiences。
33.taking/to take　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，這里需要主語，因此應用動詞-ing形式或動詞不定式形式。
34.or　考查連詞。這里列舉了兩種可能的并列情況，故填并列連詞or。
35.who/that　考查定語從句。這里需要一個關系代詞來引導定語從句，由于先行詞是students，故填who/that。
36.more independent　考查形容詞的比較級。本空后面的than before暗示這里應用形容詞的比較級形式。
37.a　考查冠詞。根據語境可知，這里需要一個不定冠詞來修飾名詞sense。a sense of global citizenship表示“一種全球公民意識”。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
過去分詞作表語和狀語
1.They were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.
2.Seen from the train window， the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
3.However， they did not anticipate seeing such an open country， and were truly amazed.
4.Looking at the beautiful scenery， they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.
5.For both of them， the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
上面句子中，句1和句3為過去分詞作　　??；句2 為過去分詞作　　　??；句4為動詞-ing形式作　　　?。痪?為動詞-ing形式作　　　　。
一、過去分詞作表語
1.過去分詞作表語的意義
位于系動詞（如be、 get、 become、 look、 feel、 seem等）之后，多表示主語的狀態(tài)或狀況，它所體現(xiàn)的是形容詞的特性。
The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.
她臉上害怕的表情表明她被這恐怖的場面嚇著了。
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我們對他在會上講的話感到很驚訝。
2.過去分詞與動詞-ing形式作表語的區(qū)別
過去分詞 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，常譯作“感到……的”
動詞-ing 形式 表示事物具有的特性，常譯作“令人……的”
They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.
他們變得如此擔心，以至于一整晚都沒睡覺。
The situation became so worrying that measures should be taken at once.
形勢變得如此令人擔憂，以至于應該立刻采取措施。
His words were discouraging， which made many people discouraged.
他的話令人泄氣，這使很多人灰心喪氣。
3.過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別
過去分詞作表語時，強調主語所處的狀態(tài)；而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，強調動作。
The cup is broken.杯子破了。（系表結構）
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是被湯姆打破的。（被動語態(tài)）
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①Talking with others about our pressure can make us feel 　　　　　?。╮elax）.
②They think that it is a waste of time and we may get 　　　　　?。╥njure） in the process.
③The audience were all 　　　　　　to tears by the 　　　　　　film.（move）
④I do believe you are certainly to be 　　　　　　by the 　　　　　　scenery of Mount Tai.（amaze）
⑤I am greatly 　　　　　?。╟onvince） that you will fall in love with paper-cutting， one of the traditional Chinese art forms.
二、過去分詞作狀語
1.過去分詞作狀語，表示被動或完成的動作
可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
（1）作時間狀語
過去分詞作時間狀語時，相當于一個由when、 while、 after、 once等引導的時間狀語從句。
Founded 10 years ago， Youth has been enjoying great popularity among students.
→Since it was founded 10 years ago， Youth has been enjoying great popularity among students.
自從十年前創(chuàng)刊以來，《青春》一直在學生中廣受歡迎。
（2）作原因狀語
過去分詞作原因狀語時，相當于一個由as、 since、 because等引導的原因狀語從句。
Absorbed in painting， John didn’t notice evening approaching.
→Because John was absorbed in painting， he didn’t notice evening approaching.
由于約翰專心畫畫，他沒有注意到夜幕正在降臨。
（3）作條件狀語
過去分詞作條件狀語時，相當于一個由if、 unless等引導的條件狀語從句。
Given another ten minutes， I can also work out this problem.
→If I am given another ten minutes， I can also work out this problem.
如果再給我十分鐘，我也能把這道題算出來。
（4）作讓步狀語
過去分詞作讓步狀語時，相當于一個由though、 although、 while以及even if/though等引導的讓步狀語從句。
Beaten by the opposite team， we didn’t lose heart but encouraged each other.
→Though we were beaten by the opposite team， we didn’t lose heart but encouraged each other.
雖然被對方隊伍打敗了，但我們并沒有灰心而是相互鼓勵。
（5）作方式或伴隨狀語
過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時，可以轉換成一個并列句。
The old man got on the bus， supported by a girl.
→The old man got on the bus， and he was supported by a girl.
在一位姑娘的攙扶下，老人上了公共汽車。
名師點津
值得注意的是，有些過去分詞（短語）因來源于系表結構，作狀語時不強調被動而重在描述主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞（短語）常見的有 lost （迷路）、 seated （坐）、 hidden （躲）、 lost/absorbed in （沉溺于）、 dressed in （穿著）、 tired of （厭煩）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。
【即時演練2】　句型轉換
①After they were discussed many times， the problems were settled at last.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， the problems were settled at last.
②Given more attention， the trees could have grown better.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they could have grown better.
③Although she was left alone at home， Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
→　　　　　　　　　　　， Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
④Surrounded by his students， the teacher went into the lab.
→The teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and he went into the lab.
⑤Because they were deeply moved by the story， the children began to cry.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the children began to cry.
2.過去分詞與動詞-ing形式作狀語的區(qū)別
過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，即表示被動；動詞-ing形式與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，即表示主動。
巧學助記
分詞作狀語記憶口訣
分詞作狀語，主語是問題。
前后兩動作，共用一主語。
主語找出后，再來判關系。
主動用動詞-ing形式，被動用過去分詞。
Seen from the top of the mountain， the scenery was really fascinating. （動賓關系）
從山頂看去，風景十分迷人。
Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain， I was fascinated by the autumn colours. （主謂關系）
從山頂看風景，我被秋色迷住了。
Following the students， the headteacher entered the classroom. （主謂關系）
班主任跟著學生們進了教室。
Followed by the students， the headteacher entered the classroom. （動賓關系）
班主任進了教室，后面跟著學生們。
名師點津
分詞作狀語誤區(qū)警示
無論是動詞-ing形式還是過去分詞，其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。如果不一致，則必須用狀語從句、獨立主格結構等其他表達形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief.（×）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police.（√）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her.（√）
【即時演練3】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 （face） with so many difficulties， I am determined to solve them with tremendous efforts.
②　　　　　　 （face） so many difficulties， I am determined to solve them with tremendous efforts.
③　　　　　　 （use） for a long time， the book looks old.
④　　　　 （use） the book， I find it very useful.
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
表語　狀語　狀語　表語
即時演練1
①relaxed?、趇njured?、踡oved； moving?、躠mazed； amazing?、輈onvinced
即時演練2
①Discussed many times?、贗f the trees had been given more attention?、跮eft alone at home?、躻as surrounded by his students?、軩eeply moved by the story
即時演練3
①Faced?、贔acing　③Used?、躑sing
4 / 4(共83張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
過去分詞作表語和狀語
1. They were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the
city.
2. Seen from the train window， the mountains and forests of Canada
looked massive.
3. However， they did not anticipate seeing such an open country， and
were truly amazed.
4. Looking at the beautiful scenery， they both agreed that it was the most
awesome journey they had ever taken.
5. For both of them， the thought of crossing the whole country by rail
was exciting.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
上面句子中，句1和句3為過去分詞作 ；句2 為過去分詞
作 ；句4為動詞-ing形式作 ；句5為動詞-ing形式
作 。
表語　
狀語　
狀語　
表語　
一、過去分詞作表語
1. 過去分詞作表語的意義
位于系動詞（如be、 get、 become、 look、 feel、 seem等）之后，
多表示主語的狀態(tài)或狀況，它所體現(xiàn)的是形容詞的特性。
The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by
the frightening scene.
她臉上害怕的表情表明她被這恐怖的場面嚇著了。
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我們對他在會上講的話感到很驚訝。
2. 過去分詞與動詞-ing形式作表語的區(qū)別
過去分詞 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，常譯作“感到……
的”
動詞-ing 形式 表示事物具有的特性，常譯作“令人……的”
They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.
他們變得如此擔心，以至于一整晚都沒睡覺。
The situation became so worrying that measures should be taken at
once.
形勢變得如此令人擔憂，以至于應該立刻采取措施。
His words were discouraging， which made many people
discouraged.
他的話令人泄氣，這使很多人灰心喪氣。
3. 過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別
過去分詞作表語時，強調主語所處的狀態(tài)；而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示
主語是動作的承受者，強調動作。
The cup is broken.杯子破了。（系表結構）
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是被湯姆打破的。（被動語態(tài)）
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①Talking with others about our pressure can make us feel
（relax）.
②They think that it is a waste of time and we may get
（injure） in the process.
③The audience were all to tears by the film.
（move）
④I do believe you are certainly to be by the
scenery of Mount Tai.（amaze）
⑤I am greatly （convince） that you will fall in love with
paper-cutting， one of the traditional Chinese art forms.
relaxed　
injured　
moved　
moving　
amazed　
amazing　
convinced　
二、過去分詞作狀語
1. 過去分詞作狀語，表示被動或完成的動作
可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
（1）作時間狀語
過去分詞作時間狀語時，相當于一個由when、 while、
after、 once等引導的時間狀語從句。
Founded 10 years ago， Youth has been enjoying great
popularity among students.
→Since it was founded 10 years ago， Youth has been enjoying
great popularity among students.
自從十年前創(chuàng)刊以來，《青春》一直在學生中廣受歡迎。
（2）作原因狀語
過去分詞作原因狀語時，相當于一個由as、 since、 because等
引導的原因狀語從句。
Absorbed in painting， John didn’t notice evening
approaching.
→Because John was absorbed in painting， he didn’t notice
evening approaching.
由于約翰專心畫畫，他沒有注意到夜幕正在降臨。
（3）作條件狀語
過去分詞作條件狀語時，相當于一個由if、 unless等引導的條
件狀語從句。
Given another ten minutes， I can also work out this problem.
→If I am given another ten minutes， I can also work out this
problem.
如果再給我十分鐘，我也能把這道題算出來。
（4）作讓步狀語
過去分詞作讓步狀語時，相當于一個由though、 although、
while以及even if/though等引導的讓步狀語從句。
Beaten by the opposite team， we didn’t lose heart but
encouraged each other.
→Though we were beaten by the opposite team， we didn’t
lose heart but encouraged each other.
雖然被對方隊伍打敗了，但我們并沒有灰心而是相互鼓勵。
（5）作方式或伴隨狀語
過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時，可以轉換成一個并列句。
The old man got on the bus， supported by a girl.
→The old man got on the bus， and he was supported by a
girl.
在一位姑娘的攙扶下，老人上了公共汽車。
名師點津
值得注意的是，有些過去分詞（短語）因來源于系表結構，作狀語時
不強調被動而重在描述主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞（短語）常見的
有 lost （迷路）、 seated （坐）、 hidden （躲）、 lost/absorbed in
（沉溺于）、 dressed in （穿著）、 tired of （厭煩）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。
【即時演練2】　句型轉換
①After they were discussed many times， the problems were settled at
last.
→ ， the problems were settled at last.
②Given more attention， the trees could have grown better.
→ ， they could have grown
better.
③Although she was left alone at home， Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
→ ， Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
Discussed many times　
If the trees had been given more attention　
Left alone at home　
④Surrounded by his students， the teacher went into the lab.
→The teacher and he went into the
lab.
⑤Because they were deeply moved by the story， the children began to
cry.
→ ， the children began to cry.
was surrounded by his students　
Deeply moved by the story　
2. 過去分詞與動詞-ing形式作狀語的區(qū)別
過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，即表示被
動；動詞-ing形式與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，即
表示主動。
巧學助記
分詞作狀語記憶口訣
分詞作狀語，主語是問題。
前后兩動作，共用一主語。
主語找出后，再來判關系。
主動用動詞-ing形式，被動用過去分詞。
Seen from the top of the mountain， the scenery was really fascinating.
（動賓關系）
從山頂看去，風景十分迷人。
Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain， I was fascinated by the
autumn colours. （主謂關系）
從山頂看風景，我被秋色迷住了。
Following the students， the headteacher entered the classroom. （主謂
關系）
班主任跟著學生們進了教室。
Followed by the students， the headteacher entered the classroom. （動賓
關系）
班主任進了教室，后面跟著學生們。
名師點津
分詞作狀語誤區(qū)警示
無論是動詞-ing形式還是過去分詞，其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語
一致。如果不一致，則必須用狀語從句、獨立主格結構等其他表
達形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief. （×）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police. （√）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her. （√）
【即時演練3】 單句語法填空
① （face） with so many difficulties， I am determined to solve them with tremendous efforts.
② （face） so many difficulties，I am determined to solve them with tremendous efforts.
③ （use） for a long time， the book looks old.
④ （use） the book， I find it very useful.
Faced　
Facing　
Used　
Using　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養(yǎng)
2
維度一：基礎題型練
1. （dress） in a new dress， she looks very beautiful and
elegant.
2. （satisfy） with the efforts that the students made， all
the teachers nodded and smiled.
3. The student seated at the back of the classroom
（bury） in novels while the teacher was giving a lesson.
Dressed　
Satisfied　
was buried　
4. （fill） with curiosity， the artist packed his bags and left.
5. （fascinate） by Peking Opera， you are sure to enjoy
this exhibition.
6. （compare） with the past few years， the environment
of this city is getting better.
7. （locate） in the northeast of Jiangxi Province， my
hometown is a beautiful city with a long history.
8. I was so （frighten） and cried for help.
9. （accompany） by his parents， the blind boy
stepped onto the stage proudly.
Filled　
Fascinated　
Compared　
Located　
frightened　
Accompanied　
10. （encourage） by the speech， the young people
made up their minds to accept the challenge.
11. There were many people waiting at the bus stop， and some of them
looked very anxious and （disappoint）.
12. （frighten） by the terrible scene in the movie， the
little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.
13. （bring） up in the countryside， he has some
difficulties in adapting to city life.
Encouraged　
disappointed　
Frightened　
Brought　
14. （settle） in a peaceful way， everything returned to
normal again.
15. （represent） our school， I am glad to tell you
something about these activities.
Settled　
Representing　
維度二：語法與寫作
1. Our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese
knots，
.
我們班邀請了一位老工藝師來教我們如何制作中國結，旨在弘揚中
國文化。
2. I am writing in reply to the notice for volunteers，
.
我寫這封信是為了回復招募志愿者的通知，希望我能有機會做一名
導游。
aimed at promoting the Chinese culture/aiming to promote
the Chinese culture　
hoping that I
can/could have an opportunity to act as a guide　
3. Delighted and excited， we entered the track field，
.　（讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫）
我們既高興又興奮，跟著我們的領隊進入了田徑場。
4. After appreciating all the photos， you will
of our city.
欣賞完所有的照片，你會對我們城市的巨大變化感到震驚。
5. ， I couldn’t wait to go outside
with my camera.
我被美麗的景色所吸引，迫不及待地拿著相機跑了出去。
following our
leader　
be amazed at the great
changes　
Attracted by the beautiful scenery　
6. ， such a chance might never come again.
這樣的機會一旦失去，可能永遠不會再來了。
7. ， he was all wet.
他淋了一場大雨， 全身濕透了。
8. ， he has been writing his paper all day long.
他把自己鎖在書房里，一整天都在寫論文。
9. ， all of us will keep
working hard.
受到你成功經歷的激勵，我們所有人都會繼續(xù)努力。
Once lost　
Caught in a heavy rain　
Locked in his study　
Inspired by your successful experience　
10. Greatly ， I’m writing to inquire
about the program.
因為對你們的暑期俱樂部極感興趣，所以我正寫信咨詢相關情
況。
interested in your summer club　
維度三：語法與語篇
　　1. （attract） by the description of a beautiful city in
the newspaper， Jack was 2. （determine） to do
something for the surroundings of his own. First， he took up cycling
3. （save） resources. Then he called on people to save
grains， because he found it hard to tolerate 4. （waste） in
our daily lives. After that， 5. （guide） by an expert， he
had his previous plan 6. （adjust） and tried to make a
switch.7.
Attracted　
determined　
to save　
wasting　
guided　
adjusted　
（unite） with a group of people who had the same interest with
him， he made an effort to handle the 8. （pollute） river.
Though feeling 9. （frustrate） sometimes， he never gives
up.10. （support） by many citizens， he is optimistic
about the future of his city.
United　
polluted　
frustrated　
Supported　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　?。?024·滄州十校高二下學期月考）
Make a travel plan before hitting the road.It can be as rough or
detailed as suits your trip， or your personality， but know the outline of
where you want to go and what you want to see.If you are organising your
own trip， start by checking how the professionals do it.Find out what
travel agents and guidebooks recommend and then customize it to fit your
needs.
Make a travel plan
Booking trips
Do your homework and get better deals.Always shop around and
compare prices.Never assume some company is cheaper or better because
it is bigger or more widely known.Search for booking tips that work for
your circumstances.The more flexible you are with your dates， the better
chance you have of getting the prices down.
Make a travel budget
Making a travel budget will save your money if you follow it.Keep
track of what you are spending while travelling and make sure you do not
exceed your overall budget.Follow your budget in principle， not too
strictly， that will spoil your enjoyment.Make sure you’re well-prepared
for unexpected fun things to do or see.
Keep a travel journal
Most people tend to forget things quickly， so keeping a travel
journal is a good idea.You will enjoy reading it in the years to come.You
can of course use pen and paper but modern technology can make keeping
travel journal easier and more fun than ever.You can add photos and share
your experience with your family and friends， or even with like-minded
strangers.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。旅游不但可以幫助我們開闊視野和
增長見識，而且有助于我們的身心健康。文章就如何明智旅游和享
受旅游提供了四條具體建議。
本文是一篇應用文。旅游不但可以幫助我們開闊視野和
增長見識，而且有助于我們的身心健康。文章就如何明智旅游和享
受旅游提供了四條具體建議。
1. What should we do to get better deals？
A. Do the shopping online.
B. Buy products from big shops.
C. Buy products from famous companies.
D. Compare prices between different shops.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據Booking trips部分可知，作者建議我
們總是通過貨比三家來保證買賣劃算。
2. What does the author advise us to do？
A. Avoid unexpected activities.
B. Follow a flexible travel budget.
C. Ask travel agents to make a plan.
D. Use pen and paper instead of iPads.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三部分Make a travel budget部分可
知，作者建議我們要制定旅行預算，但不能太嚴格，要考慮到一些
意外的開支。由此判斷，我們制定旅行預算時要靈活。
3. What’s the passage mainly about？
A. Some tips on travelling.
B. Some advantages of travelling.
C. How to enjoy your travel.
D. How to prepare for a travel.
解析：　主旨大意題。根據四個小標題可知，作者就如何明智旅
游和享受旅游提供了四條具體建議。
B
　?。?024·南京高二下學期質檢）Recently， fans of self-driving cars
have gotten some good news， followed by bad news. Two self-driving
taxi companies were given permission to expand their work in San
Francisco. But a string of accidents have led to new concerns about how
safe the cars actually are.
Cruise and Waymo are two companies that have been developing self-
driving taxis， sometimes called “robotaxis （robot＋taxi）”. Both
companies have been testing their cars in San Francisco for years. Until
recently， the cars have had a human in the driver’s seat， ready to take
over if there was a problem.
But the newest self-driving cars don’t have anyone in the driver’s
seat. They are programmed to do everything on their own， including
obeying the rules of the road， following speed limits， and avoiding
people and other cars.
Until recently， the robotaxis could only drive in specific areas， at
certain times. But in early August， Waymo and Cruise were given full
permission to operate their robotaxis in San Francisco. The companies
were allowed to run as many driverless cars as they wanted， 24 hours a
day.
But almost immediately， there were problems. A Cruise car crashed
into a fire truck， sending a person to the hospital. Later， a Cruise car
stopped working in the middle of an intersection， causing a traffic jam.
As a result， California told Cruise to take half of its robotaxis off the
roads.
For many people， the problems with the self-driving taxis didn’t
come as a surprise， who believe that self-driving cars just aren’t ready
yet for the real world. The chief of San Francisco’s fire department says
that since May 2022， there have been over 60 cases where robotaxis
interfered with fire trucks. Robotaxis have also blocked city buses and
other emergency vehicles.
In spite of the problems， both Waymo and Cruise are planning to
expand their self-driving car service to other cities. Cruise has plans to
bring their robotaxis to at least 15 cities. Waymo says its driverless system
will soon be able to work “in any city， on any kind of vehicle”.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。最近，美國兩家無人駕駛出租車公
司獲準擴大在舊金山的業(yè)務，但一系列事故引發(fā)了人們對自動駕駛
汽車實際安全性的新?lián)鷳n。
本文是一篇說明文。最近，美國兩家無人駕駛出租車公
司獲準擴大在舊金山的業(yè)務，但一系列事故引發(fā)了人們對自動駕駛
汽車實際安全性的新?lián)鷳n。
4. What’s special about the newest self-driving cars？
A. They offer free trips.
B. They obey traffic rules.
C. They have no human drivers.
D. They avoid people and other cars.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據第二、三段可知，以前的無人駕駛出
租車其實都配有一位司機以處理突發(fā)情況，而最新上路的robotaxis
卻是真正的無人駕駛。
5. What do we learn about many people’s attitude to robotaxis according
to Paragraph 6？
A. They were worried about the robotaxis’ future.
B. They had no full confidence in robotaxis’ safety.
C. They were surprised about the traffic accidents.
D. They were opposed to developing the robotaxis.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第六段可知，一些交通事故發(fā)生后，
很多民眾對此沒有感到吃驚，他們認為無人駕駛出租車上路的時機
還不成熟。這說明他們對無人駕駛出租車的安全性還沒有信心。
6. What will Waymo and Cruise do next？
A. They will stop charging passengers.
B. They will offer robotaxis in fewer cities.
C. They will suspend their self-driving car service.
D. They will continue to promote their robotaxis.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段可知，雖然發(fā)生了一些交通
事故，但是Waymo和 Cruise這兩家公司并沒有因此氣餒或改變原有
戰(zhàn)略，而是繼續(xù)擴大和拓展其無人駕駛出租車的業(yè)務范圍。
7. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the text？
A. Robotaxis Move Forward， but Face Problems
B. Robotaxis Have Accidents， but Make Progress
C. Cruise and Waymo to Accept New Challenges
D. Cruise and Waymo to Develop Driverless Taxis
解析：　標題歸納題。綜合全文可知，本文主要講述了美國舊
金山放開了對無人駕駛出租車的很多限制政策，使得robotaxis
可以在舊金山自由通行，但同時也發(fā)生了幾起交通事故，引發(fā)
了人們對無人駕駛出租車的新?lián)鷳n，可謂有喜有憂。因此A項最
適合作文章標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　?。?024·重慶高二下學期月考）When visiting a park， it is common
to observe older individuals listening to audio （聲音的） books instead
of reading traditional books. Audio books have become quite popular these
days. 　8　 Is listening to an audio book just as beneficial as reading a
book？
　　 　9　 Reading needs us to focus all our attention on the words in a
book. We also need to find time and a specific place to sit down and read.
However， audio books provide flexibility and allow individuals to engage
in other activities while listening. And it gives your eyes a break， too.
　　But the big question is， do we get knowledge from audio books as
effectively as we do from paper books？ 　10　 Volunteers in group one
were asked to listen to an audio book while volunteers in group two read a
book of the same content. Surprisingly， both groups recalled the same
amount of information， whether they listened to it or read it.
　　Another study published in the Journal of Neuroscience further
supported the result above. In the study， researchers scanned （掃描）
people’s brains when they listened to and read books. 　11　
　　Some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper
books. One reason might be that when we listen to audio books， we are
often multitasking. If you’re trying to learn while doing two things，
you’re not going to learn as well. 　12　 It is important to avoid it while
listening to audio books to ensure best learning outcomes.
A. How do people obtain audio books？
B. You can listen to audio books anytime.
C. Multitasking can interrupt effective learning.
D. Researchers conduct an experiment to figure it out.
E. Why are more and more people choosing audio books？
F. One of the main advantages of audio books is convenience.
G. It reveals that both activities excite almost the same parts of the brain.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。有聲讀物如今變得非常流行。文章
主要介紹了有聲讀物的優(yōu)點。
本文是一篇說明文。有聲讀物如今變得非常流行。文章
主要介紹了有聲讀物的優(yōu)點。
8. E　上文指出有聲讀物如今變得非常流行，下文提出疑問——聽有
聲讀物是否有益。由此可推知，設空處應提問有聲讀物變得流行的原
因，故E項符合語境。
9. F　下文指出有聲讀物的優(yōu)點，即很方便，故F項（有聲讀物的主要
優(yōu)點之一是方便）能概括本段內容，符合語境。
10. D　下文提到了兩個小組的志愿者及其研究結果，由此可知，研
究人員進行了一項相關的實驗，故D項符合語境。
11. G　上文指出在一項研究中，研究人員掃描了人們聽書和讀書時
的大腦，設空處承接上文，應該介紹研究結果，故G項符合語境。
12. C　根據上文If you’re trying to learn while doing two things，
you’re not going to learn as well.可知，多任務學習會影響學習效果，
C項（多任務處理會干擾有效的學習）承接上文，對上文進行總結，
符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　?。?024·泰安高二上學期期末考試）After students have been
admitted to a university， there is a lot to plan for.Buying dorm
supplies， booking plane tickets， and finally 　13　 your first-year
roommates — all of these things and more kept me busy as I prepared for
my study in Harvard.I was excited for what college had 　14　 for me，
but what made me super excited about was 　15　.
Raised in Florida， I was used to wearing shorts and sandals 　16　
all year long， and felt chilly once the weather 　17　 anywhere near
16℃.I had never needed a 　18　 or winter boots.However， in
Cambridge， Massachusetts， where the temperatures can and do fall
below freezing point， I would need all of the 　19　 clothing to make it
through the winter.Hence， while I was excited to 　20　 different
seasons， the idea of the cold made me 　21　.Would I play with the
glistening snow， or would I instead spend the winter 　22　 in the
cold？
It turned out I was 　23　.The Harvard administrations work
to 　24　 students from low-income backgrounds to make college
accessible.Particularly， money provided by the Harvard Winter Coat
Fund （HWCF） made the additional 　25　 easier to shoulder.HWCF
is 　26　 for all students from low-income families.I know I will always
have the support I need.With it， I was able to cover the cost of my winter
coat and boots， which continue to 　27　 me to this day.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。進入哈佛大學后，面對新學校、新
的生活環(huán)境，特別是巨大的溫度變化，作者開始很擔心，后來在學
校組織的幫助下得以購買所需的服裝過冬。
本文是一篇記敘文。進入哈佛大學后，面對新學校、新
的生活環(huán)境，特別是巨大的溫度變化，作者開始很擔心，后來在學
校組織的幫助下得以購買所需的服裝過冬。
13. A. contacting B. meeting
C. evaluating D. treating
解析：　根據上文語境可知，購置宿舍所需物品、訂購機票等
事件是按照時間順序進行的，所以此處也應按照訂完機票后的行
為進行預測，即到學校并與舍友見面。
14. A. in return B. in response
C. in common D. in store
解析：　根據上文what college had可知，此處指大學將要發(fā)生的
事情。
15. A. seasons B. opportunities
C. scenery D. freedom
解析：　根據第二段中的different seasons可知，讓作者興奮的是
季節(jié)。
16. A. intentionally B. basically
C. appropriately D. specially
解析：　根據上文Raised in Florida， I was used to wearing shorts
and sandals可知，作者原先一年四季基本上穿的都是短袖、短褲和
拖鞋。
17. A. rose B. stayed C. fell D. reached
解析：　根據上文中的條件狀語連詞once和它帶來的結果felt
chilly可知，此處應該表示氣溫下降至16℃左右的情況。
18. A. scarf B. blanket
C. coat D. sweater
解析：　根據文章最后一句中的cover the cost of my winter coat可
知，此處為原詞復現(xiàn)。
19. A. fancy B. comfortable
C. expensive D. warm
解析：　根據下文clothing to make it through the winter可知，作
者要準備一些暖和的衣物來幫助自己度過這個冬天。
20. A. experience B. picture
C. distinguish D. admire
解析：　根據下文different seasons可知，此處指體驗不同的
季節(jié)。
21. A. puzzled B. bored
C. worried D. disappointed
解析：　根據下文Would I play with the glistening snow， or
would I instead spend the winter可知，作者對于能否承擔起購買新
衣物的能力很擔心。
22. A. jogging B. shaking
C. wandering D. screaming
解析：　根據上下文語境可推知，作者擔心自己可能因為沒有
合適的衣服而在冬天被凍得瑟瑟發(fā)抖。
23. A. overjoyed B. overanxious
C. overactive D. overconfident
解析：　根據下文語境可知，其實哈佛大學里有專門的機構可
以提供支持和幫助，所以作者隨后發(fā)現(xiàn)是自己過于焦慮了。
24. A. support B. educate
C. seek D. comfort
解析：　參見上題解析。
25. A. risks B. loans
C. responsibilities D. expenses
解析：　根據上文語境可知，購買冬衣的這些支出在作者的計
劃之外，所以對于作者而言是一筆額外的支出。
26. A. sufficient B. challenging
C. available D. unique
解析：　根據下文I know I will always have the support I need.以
及本句中強調范圍的all可知，這個基金會提供的援助覆蓋面很
廣。be available for sb表示“對某人來說是可獲得的”。
27. A. decorate B. protect
C. serve D. change
解析：　根據上文語境可知，基金會的服務和幫助使作者成功
抵御了寒冷，度過了作者所不熟悉的冬天，并且這些東西直到今
天也在為作者服務。serve sb表示“給某人提供服務”。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Do students in your country go 　28　 （direct） to university or
college after school or do they have a break first？ Taking a gap year
between school and university 　29　 （be） quite common in the UK，
and there are lots of different ways 　30　 （spend） your time.
What is a gap year？ A gap year is a period of time when a student
takes a break 　31　 formal education.It is often spent travelling or
working.The trip was one of the best 　32　 （experience） for many
students.
People used to think that 　33　 （take） a gap year was negative.In
the past you took a gap year if you had to retake exams 　34　 had
problems between finishing school and starting higher education and then
starting a career.
But now， universities encourage a gap year， and employers are
happy to give jobs to students 　35　 take a gap year.As a matter of
fact， a year out between school or college， or between higher education
and a job， can give young people useful learning experiences， help them
pick up new skills and make them 　36　 （independent） than
before.More importantly， travelling to different countries and
experiencing different cultures can broaden one’s perspective， enhance
cross-cultural understanding， and build 　37　 sense of global
citizenship.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。西方國家的學生在高中或大學畢業(yè)
之后通常會進行一次長期的旅行，為將來上大學或步入社會作準
備，這被稱為間隔年。
本文是一篇說明文。西方國家的學生在高中或大學畢業(yè)
之后通常會進行一次長期的旅行，為將來上大學或步入社會作準
備，這被稱為間隔年。
28. directly　考查詞形轉換。這里需要一個副詞來修飾前面的動詞
go，故填directly。
29. is　考查主謂一致。本句主語為動詞-ing短語Taking a gap year，謂
語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is。
30. to spend　考查非謂語動詞。名詞ways后跟動詞不定式作后置定
語，故填to spend。
31. from　考查介詞。a break from表示“從……中獲得休息”。
32. experiences　考查名詞復數(shù)。one of后面需要接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形
式，故填experiences。
33. taking/to take　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，這里需要主語，
因此應用動詞-ing形式或動詞不定式形式。
34. or　考查連詞。這里列舉了兩種可能的并列情況，故填并列連詞
or。
35. who/that　考查定語從句。這里需要一個關系代詞來引導定語從
句，由于先行詞是students，故填who/that。
36. more independent　考查形容詞的比較級。本空后面的than before
暗示這里應用形容詞的比較級形式。
37. a　考查冠詞。根據語境可知，這里需要一個不定冠詞來修飾名詞
sense。a sense of global citizenship表示“一種全球公民意識”。
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