資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
維度一：品句填詞
1.It is a pity that he lost all the 　　　　　　　　（統計數字） because of the sudden breakdown of his computer.
2.I have already 　　　　　　（懷疑） that they won’t agree to my initial plan.
3.Without substantial statistics， I had no idea how to 　　　　　　（處理） the difficult challenge.
4.Owing to the severe environmental pollution，this species of bird is 　　　　　　?。p少） in numbers every year.
5.There is no 　　　　　　（證據） that this kind of lifestyle causes cancer in humans.
6.What made him f　　　　　　 was that his son was infected with this terrible virus.
7.The businessman s　　　　 much money to the university regularly where his son is studying.
8.What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as p　　 　　as they expect.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.This is one 　　　　　　（prove） that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought.
2.Chinese herbs come from materials that are 　　　　　　（pure） natural， which have small side effects.
3.The lake， once 　　　　　　（severe） polluted， has turned into a beautiful theme park.
4.I was overcome with sadness because I 　　　?。╯uspect） of stealing his money.
5.All of them blamed the mistake on me，making me quite 　　　　　?。╢rustrate） and depressed.
6.Besides，your disagreements can also get 　　　?。╤andle） if you put yourselves in others’ shoes.
7.Generally， yellow is 　　　　　?。╨ink） with confidence， self-respect and friendliness.
8.As a matter of fact， air， water， clothing and insects are all means of 　　　　　　（infect）.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing 　　　　　　I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall.
2.Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day， so she subscribed 　　　　the 21st Century.
3.Tom was 　　　　　　hard-working that he made much progress in his studies.
4.The past 30 years 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（見證了巨大的變化） that have taken place in my hometown.
5.Emperor Qinshihuang succeeded in 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（將所有城墻連接起來）. Thus， the Great Wall came into being.
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （ChatGPT是如此強大）that it can almost do anything.
7.The demand for teachers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?。磕暝跍p少）.
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （多虧了他的及時幫助）， I have made great progress in English learning.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Cholera was one of the most feared 1.　　　　 （disease） in the past. In the early 19th century， when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe， millions of people died from the disease. John Snow， 2.　　　　 famous doctor， was determined 3.　　　　　　 （destroy） cholera once and for all.
There were two theories about cholera at that time. One was 4.　　　　　　 bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed 5.　　　　　　 the second theory. He began to investigate， 6.　　　　　　 （mark） on a map the exact places where all those who died 7.　　　　　　 （live）.As a result， he found multiple deaths in one place while there were no deaths in another place.8.　　　　　　 （eventual）， he found the evidence for the second theory. He succeeded in 9.　　　　　　 （stop） the disease spreading.
Snow transformed the way of studying diseases， and therefore he 10.　　　　　　 （consider） the father of modern epidemiology.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·常州高二下學期質檢）
　　The maker of ChatGPT on Thursday unveiled its next leap into generative artificial intelligence with a tool that instantly makes short videos in response to written commands.
San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator， called Sora， isn’t the first of its kind.Google， Meta and the start-up Runway ML are among the other companies to have demonstrated similar technology.
But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI — some after CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written prompts （提示） — surprised observers while also raising fears about the ethical and societal problems.The negative effects of generative AI will be a critical topic for debate in 2024.It’s a substantial issue that every business and every person will need to face this year.
“An instructional cooking session for home-made dumplings hosted by a grandmother social media influencer set in a Tuscan country kitchen with cinematic lighting，” was a prompt suggested on X by a freelance photographer from New Hampshire.Altman responded a short time later with a realistic video that depicted what the prompt described.
The tool isn’t yet publicly available and OpenAI has revealed limited information about how it was built.The company， which has been sued （控告） by some authors and The New York Times over its use of copyrighted works of writing to train ChatGPT， also hasn’t disclosed what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora.（OpenAI pays an undisclosed fee to The Associated Press to license its text news archive）.
OpenAI said in a blog post that it’s engaging with artists， policymakers and others before releasing the new tool to the public.
“We are working with red teamers — domain experts in areas like misinformation， hateful content， and bias — who will be testing the model seriously，” the company said.“We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell when a video was generated by Sora.”
1.What can we learn about Sora？
A.It was the first to make videos.
B.It beat its competitors in speed.
C.It produces videos based on instructions.
D.It creates videos completely independently.
2.What did Sam Altman do on X？
A.He conducted a survey.
B.He gave a demonstration.
C.He made a presentation.
D.He performed an experiment.
3.Why was OpenAI sued by some authors？
A.It copied their works.
B.It trained Sora illegally.
C.It released Sora without permission.
D.It trained ChatGPT with their works.
4.What’s the purpose of OpenAI’s blog post？
A.To show Sora is difficult to release.
B.To prove Sora is wonderful enough.
C.To prove they are cautious about Sora.
D.To show they have worked hard on Sora.
B
　?。?024·淄博高二下學期月考）In an era of endless notifications from apps， devices and social media platforms， as well as access to more information than we could possibly consider， how do we find ways to manage？ And is the way we think， focus and process information changing as a result？
　　Maryanne Wolf is the director of the Center for Dyslexia， Diverse Learners and Social Justice at the University of California in the United States.Wolf is concerned that the amount of interaction we have with our screens and devices — and the speed at which we necessarily have to function — has changed us by removing from us the ability to be present.And we’re so accustomed to going so fast that becoming completely involved in an activity is difficult.
　　Kai Lukoff is an assistant professor at Santa Clara University in the US.He researches how apps， social media platforms and technology designers attempt to capture a user’s attention.“There are a thousand or more engineers， developers， designers on the other side of the screen who are purposefully or intentionally designing these services in order to capture your attention， to get you to spend more time on the site， to get you to click on more ads.”
　　Daniel Le Roux， a senior lecturer at Stellenbosch University in South Africa， looks at the effects of what we’re doing when we’re “media multitasking”.“Everybody’s doing it， and it’s， in a large way， a natural adaptation to the technological environment that has been created around us.”
　　Media multitasking， like skimming， is an adaptive response to an environment filled with information.And media multitasking comes at a cognitive （認知的） cost， Le Roux points out.“We bring what we might call a switch cost， which means our performance in our focal task is going to suffer.If you think of driving as the focal task， the reason we prohibit drivers from using their smartphones while they’re driving is because it distracts them from the task of driving.”
5.What is the result of our interaction with screens and devices according to Maryanne Wolf？
A.Having trouble in concentrating.
B.Becoming addicted to the Internet.
C.Having access to more information.
D.Building better relationships with others.
6.What does Kai Lukoff try to stress in the third paragraph？
A.Why social media apps are popular.
B.How social media platforms operate.
C.Platform workers’ efforts to attract users.
D.Great services of social media platforms.
7.Why does Daniel Le Roux give the example of driving？
A.To explain what media multitasking is.
B.To show the harm of media multitasking.
C.To explain why we’re media multitasking.
D.To show the benefits of media multitasking.
8.How does the author develop the passage？
A.By quoting some experts’ views.
B.By providing some typical examples.
C.By using the results of some surveys.
D.By analyzing some social phenomena.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　（2024·浙江四校高二下學期聯考）The world of writing is changing.Things have moved very quickly from keyboards and predictive text.The rise of generative artificial intelligence （AI） means robots can now write human-quality text without having hands at all.
　　Recent improvements in speech-to-text software mean even human “writers” do not need to touch a keyboard， let alone a pen.　9　， without having to lift a finger.The word “writer” may come to mean something very different， as people compose text in multiple ways in an increasingly digital world.
　　However， learning to handwrite is still a key component of the literacy curriculum in primary schools.　10　.But there are a number of important reasons why handwriting will still be taught in schools.
　　·It helps you remember
　　Handwriting has important cognitive benefits， including for memory.Research suggests traditional pen-and-paper notes are remembered better， due to the greater complexity of the handwriting process.　11　.In many cases， students become better readers through practising writing.
　　·　12　
　　Handwriting does not need electricity， devices， batteries， software， subscriptions， a fast Internet connection， a keyboard， charging time or the many other things on which digital writing depends.It only needs pen and paper and can be done anywhere.Sometimes handwriting is the easiest and best option.
　　·It is about thinking
　　Most importantly， learning to write and learning to think are closely connected.　13　.They are developed and organised as they are composed.Thinking is too important to be outsourced to robots！
　　Teaching writing is about giving students a toolkit of multiple writing strategies.Handwriting will remain an important component of this toolkit for the foreseeable future.
A.It is very accessible
B.Ideas are formed as students write
C.It has become part of your daily routine
D.Writers of the future will be talkers and thinkers
E.And learning to read and handwrite are closely linked
F.Good handwriting can help you make a good first impression
G.Parents may be wondering whether learning to write by hand is worth the trouble
9.　 　　　　　10.　　　　　　11.　　　　
12.　　　 13.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　?。?024·濟南高二上學期期末考試）I have heard that one is never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.　14　 with my job， I found myself in a bar on the eve of my 30th birthday preparing to 　15　 the night away.Instead， I walked out at 11：00 p.m.， and just 　16　 running.I hadn’t run in the past decade， and that 　17　 I ran thirty miles.That single act forever 　18　 the course of my life.
Another thing helped me to make the decision.My boss gave each of us a copy of Chicken Soup for the Soul and 　19　 us to read a story or two.I was 　20　 — this was not her favourite business book！
Many of my colleagues would 　21　 the bars after a busy day at work.I started running as a way to 　22　 the pressure.But I also started reading.　23　 enough， I found much in common between the two.
Since walking out of that 　24　 on the eve of my 30th birthday， my life has been 　25　 changed.I decided to make my passion for running my job.I had no 　26　 how I was going to do this， but I just realised 　27　 I followed my heart and did what I loved， I could somehow make a success of it.If nothing else， I’d certainly be a lot 　28　 than if I continued going to work every day in a job I didn’t enjoy.
14.A.Satisfied　　　　　　B.Unhappy
C.Impatient D.Surprised
15.A.spend B.drink
C.throw D.drive
16.A.continued B.finished
C.started D.enjoyed
17.A.holiday B.morning
C.afternoon D.evening
18.A.changed B.decided
C.created D.discovered
19.A.allowed B.encouraged
C.forced D.prevented
20.A.delighted B.disappointed
C.confused D.touched
21.A.got B.took
C.had D.hit
22.A.deal with B.take over
C.go over D.turn down
23.A.Strangely B.Interestingly
C.Clearly D.Luckily
24.A.company B.restaurant
C.bar D.hotel
25.A.formally B.completely
C.suddenly D.naturally
26.A.decision B.belief
C.hope D.idea
27.A.though B.because
C.if D.unless
28.A.happier B.busier
C.lonelier D.quicker
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.statistics　2.suspected　3.handle　4.decreasing　5.proof
6.frustrated　7.subscribes　8.pure
維度二
1.proof　2.purely　3.severely　4.was suspected
5.frustrated　6.handled　7.linked　8.infection
維度三
1.that　2.to　3.so　4.have seen the great changes
5.having all the walls joined together　6.So powerful is ChatGPT　7.is on the decrease each year　8.Thanks to his timely help
維度四
1.diseases　2.a　3.to destroy　4.that　5.to　6.marking　7.had lived　8.Eventually　9.stopping　10.is considered
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。ChatGPT的研發者OpenAI在生成式人工智能方面取得了又一次飛躍，它推出了可以根據書面指令立即制作短視頻的Sora。
1.C　細節理解題。根據第一至三段可知，Sora的主要功能是在接受用戶指令后生成視頻，它并非同類產品中的第一家，它超越競爭對手之處主要在于其生成視頻的質量。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第三、四段可知，Sam Altman是OpenAI的 CEO，他在網上讓社交媒體用戶發來各種指令，然后他用Sora來生成視頻。顯然他是在給用戶演示Sora。
3.D　推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段可知，之所以OpenAI被一些作家控告，是因為它在訓練ChatGPT時使用了這些作家的作品。
4.C　推理判斷題。根據最后兩段可知，OpenAI在這篇博文中表示，在向公眾發布Sora之前，他們正在與藝術家、政策制定者和其他人群進行接觸，同時讓很多專家試用并嚴格測試該軟件。由此推知，這篇博文主要表明OpenAI對于推出Sora持非常謹慎的態度。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。身處網絡時代，我們每天都面對沒完沒了的電子干擾。這些電子干擾會對我們產生什么影響呢？
5.A　細節理解題。根據第二段可知，Maryanne Wolf認為，電子干擾帶來的結果是我們很難全身心地專注于某事，也很難認真地活在當下。
6.C　細節理解題。根據第三段可知，Kai Lukoff指出，在那些app以及社交媒體平臺的背后，都有很多工作人員在想盡一切辦法吸引網絡用戶的注意力。
7.B　推理判斷題。根據最后兩段可知，Daniel Le Roux提出了media multitasking這一概念，然后通過列舉駕駛員禁用手機這一例子，來說明媒體多任務帶來的危害。
8.A　推理判斷題。綜合全文可知，作者第一段先陳述電子干擾這一社會現象并提出問題，接下來通過引用三位專家的觀點來進一步闡述這一話題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在電子設備越來越普及的今天，我們還有必要練習手寫嗎？
9.D　此處上下文都在討論writer這一職業和這一單詞含義在未來面臨的變化，因此D項符合語境。
10.G　空前一句指出學習手寫仍然是小學讀寫課程的重要組成部分。G項承接上文，說明家長對此的顧慮：是否還值得費這么大勁學習寫字。
11.E　空后一句指出書寫可以促進學生閱讀能力的提升，這正好是對E項的具體闡釋和說明。
12.A　設空處為段落小標題。下文主要說明了手寫的便捷性：無需電源、無需設備，也無需網絡，隨時隨地都可以進行。A項正好是對此段大意的準確概括。
13.B　上下文都在論述書寫和思維的緊密相連，B項（書寫的過程同步產生思想）符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者放棄了自己厭倦的工作，踏上了跑步之路——他的人生從此改變。
14.B　根據文章最后一句可知，作者當時厭倦了自己的工作。
15.B　因為上文提到作者去了一家酒吧，所以他應該是打算整晚在里面喝酒。
16.C　根據下一句可知，作者已經好多年沒有跑步了，因此這時他是開始跑步。
17.D　根據上文I walked out at 11：00 p.m.可知，作者是在晚上跑步。
18.A　根據下文可知，作者的這次跑步改變了他后來的人生。
19.B　老板給每位員工發了一本《心靈雞湯》，自然是鼓勵他們閱讀。
20.C　作者對老板的舉動感到困惑——因為老板沒有給員工發她最喜歡的商業圖書。
21.D　作者的許多同事在忙碌了一天之后都會去酒吧。hit the bar是一個固定表達，表示“泡酒吧”。
22.A　作者將跑步看作應對壓力的方法。deal with應對；處理。
23.B　作者發現了跑步和讀書之間的相似之處，這自然是很有趣的。
24.C　根據上文可知，作者在30歲生日前的那個晚上去了酒吧。
25.B　作者認為，從那天晚上開始，自己的人生被徹底改變了。
26.D　作者當時并不知道自己如何會將跑步變成自己的職業。have no idea相當于don’t know。
27.C　本句表示作者當時的一種想法和假設，因此應選if。
28.A　比起做自己不喜歡的工作，作者認為自己一定會更加快樂和幸福。
2 / 6Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①”
[1]Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and even death.In the early 19th century， when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit Europe， millions of people died from the disease.[2]As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time， he rose to become a famous doctor， and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria [3]when she gave birth.However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑨.
　　[1]until在句中引導時間狀語從句；how引導的從句作動詞showed的賓語；過去分詞feared作定語，修飾名詞diseases；John Snow是a British doctor的同位語。
[2]because引導原因狀語從句；“疑問詞how＋動詞不定式短語”作動詞knew的賓語。
[3]when引導時間狀語從句。
　　In general⑩， doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.[4]One theory was that bad air caused the disease.[5]The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct， but he still needed proof .Consequently ， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate .[6]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
　　[4][5]兩句中的that均引導表語從句，不作任何成分，只起連接作用，且不可省略。
[6]第一個that引導的從句作動詞discovered的賓語；在該從句中含有一個so ...that ...句型，該句型中that引導結果狀語從句。
　　[7]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street （especially house numbers 16， 37， 38， and 40）.However， some households （such as 20 and 21 Broad Street， and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street） had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer， and so had not drunk the water from the pump.[8]Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame . What is more， in another part of London， a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.[9]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence， John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly ， he had the handle of the pump removed [10]so that it could not be used.Through this intervention ， the disease was stopped in its tracks .
　　[7] 該句中的介詞短語by marking on a map作方式狀語修飾動詞began；where和who引導定語從句，分別修飾先行詞places和those。
[8]that引導的從句作動詞suspected的賓語；be to blame意為“該受責備”，常用主動形式表示被動意義。
[9]It seemed that ...意為“好像……”；had it delivered是“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”結構，過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示“主語讓別人做某事”。
[10]so that在句中引導目的狀語從句。
　　[11]The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames [12]that was polluted by raw waste.[13]The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
　　[11]連接詞that在句中引導表語從句。
[12]關系代詞that在句中引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the River Thames。
[13]句子主干使用了一個比較級結構；句中兩個關系代詞who都引導定語從句，分別修飾先行詞people和those； be likely to do sth意為“有可能做某事”。
　　Through Snow’s tireless efforts ， water companies began to sell clean water， and [14]the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease .However， cholera is still a problem.Each year， millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics ， Snow transformed the way [15]scientists study diseases.For this reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology .
　　[14]該句謂語動詞是saw，使用了擬人的修辭手法，意為“見證；目睹”。
[15]此處是省略了that或in which的定語從句，修飾先行詞the way。
【讀文清障】
①cholera n.霍亂
②used to 過去常常
③severe adj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴重的；嚴厲的
④diarrhoea n.腹瀉
⑤dehydration n.脫水
⑥outbreak n.爆發
⑦frustrated adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的
⑧attend to照顧
⑨once and for all最終地；徹底地
⑩in general一般來說
contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的
infection n.感染；傳染
infect vt.使感染；傳染
germ n.微生物；細菌；病菌
subscribe vi.認購（股份）；定期訂購；定期交納（會費）
subscribe to同意；贊同
proof n.證據；證明；檢驗
consequently adv.因此；所以
investigate v.調查
multiple adj.數量多的；多種多樣的
pump n.泵；抽水機；打氣筒
water pump 水泵
household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人
suspect vt.& vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象
blame vt.把……歸咎于；責怪；指責n.責備；指責
deliver vt.運送；傳遞
as a result of由于……；因為……
accordingly adv.相應地
handle n.把手；拉手；柄
vt.處理；搬動；操縱（車輛、動物、工具等）
remove v.移走
intervention n.介入；出面；干涉
track n.軌道；足跡
link n.聯系；紐帶
vt.把……連接起來；相關聯
case n.病例
raw adj.未煮的；生的；未經處理的；原始的
pure adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的
tireless efforts不懈的努力
substantial adj.大量的；價值巨大的；重大的
decrease n.減少；降低；減少量
　vt.& vi.（使大小、數量等）減少；減??；降低
thanks to幸虧；由于
statistic n.[pl.]統計數字；統計資料；統計學
transform vt.使改觀；使改變形態
vi.改變；轉變
epidemiology n.流行病學
【參考譯文】
約翰·斯諾戰勝“霍亂王”
在英國醫生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。它可導致嚴重腹瀉、脫水，甚至死亡。十九世紀初，霍亂爆發，肆虐歐洲，數百萬人喪命。由于當時無人知道如何預防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫生很沮喪。后來，他成了一位名醫，甚至照料分娩的維多利亞女王。然而，他始終沒有放棄徹底根除霍亂的愿望。
關于霍亂的蔓延方式，當時醫生大體上有兩種截然不同的看法。一種看法是空氣污染引發，另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的細菌感染導致霍亂。斯諾贊同第二種看法。這一看法是正確的，但他仍需要證據。因此，1854年倫敦爆發霍亂時，斯諾便開始調查。他發現霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴重，十天內就有500多人死亡。他決心查明原因。
斯諾首先在地圖上標出所有死者住所的確切位置。寬街水泵附近有多例死亡（尤其是16號、37號、38號及40號住宅），但是有些住戶（如寬街20號和21號以及劍橋街8號和9號）卻無人死亡。這些幸存者在劍橋街7號的酒吧工作，酒吧為他們提供免費啤酒，因此沒有喝水泵抽上來的水。斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。此外，在倫敦的另一個區域，一名婦女和她的女兒從寬街搬來后死于霍亂。該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運到家里來。有了這個證據，約翰·斯諾就能夠宣布水泵抽上來的水攜帶霍亂病菌。于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。這一干預舉措遏制了疾病的蔓延。
事情的真相是寬街水泵抽上來的水被廢棄物污染了。此外，斯諾之后還證明了另外幾起霍亂病例與倫敦多家飲用水公司有關。有些公司出售的水取自被未經處理的廢棄物污染的泰晤士河。與飲用純凈水或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍亂。
經過斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司開始出售潔凈水，世界各地霍亂的威脅大幅降低。然而，霍亂仍是問題。每年全球有數百萬人感染霍亂，其中許多人因此喪生。幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現在知道了如何預防霍亂。此外，通過使用地圖和數據，斯諾改變了科學家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯諾被譽為現代流行病學之父。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
1.What’s the main idea of the passage？
A.How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it.
B.The cause of cholera was polluted water.
C.The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
2.Read the whole passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A.John Snow began his study by marking on a map.
Para.2 B.John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Para.3 C.John Snow’s contributions.
Para.4 D.John Snow desired to defeat cholera.
Para.5 E.The truth of the infection of cholera.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
1.Why did John Snow become frustrated？
A.An outbreak of cholera hit Europe.
B.Millions of people died from cholera.
C.Nobody knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
D.Doctors had two contradictory theories about cholera.
2.What was the key leading to John Snow’s discovery？
A.The woman.
B.The government.
C.The water company.
D.The map made by himself.
3.How did Snow begin his job？
A.By making a survey.
B.By finding the reason.
C.By offering a solution.
D.By studying the disease.
4.What led to people’s getting cholera in London？
A.Drinking polluted water.
B.Eating polluted food.
C.Breathing polluted air.
D.Having unhealthy lifestyles.
第三步：品佳句妙筆生輝
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood of sadness.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing John Snow’s determination.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：抒己見提升思維
1.What can we learn from John Snow when facing an epidemic？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：辨難句拆分解讀
1.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
句式分析 第一個that引導　　　　　　，第二個that引導　　　　　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.
句式分析 主句為 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places，where引導　　　從句，修飾先行詞　　　　　　　??；who引導　　　　從句，修飾先行詞　　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
句式分析 本句中　　　　　　　　意為“如此……以至于……”，that引導　　　　　　從句。had it delivered為“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”結構，意為“讓某事被做”。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心詞匯集釋
frustrated adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的
【教材原句】　As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于當時無人知道如何預防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫生很沮喪。
【用法】
（1）feel/be frustrated at/with ...
對……感到沮喪/懊惱　
（2）frustrating adj. 令人沮喪的
frustrate vt. 挫??；阻撓；使感到灰心
frustration n. 挫折
【佳句】　Frustrated and disappointed， I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness. （讀后續寫之心理描寫）
既沮喪又失望，我感覺自己好像被扔進了一個無盡的黑暗世界之中。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①By the way，we often feel 　　　　　?。╢rustrate）， which has a very bad effect on our studies.
②Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and 　　　　　?。╢rustrate） experience.
【寫美】　完成句子
③I 　　　　　　　　　　　in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes. （讀后續寫之心理描寫）
我對自己在比賽中的糟糕表現感到沮喪，我的眼睛里涌出懊惱的淚水。
subscribe vi.認購（股份）；定期訂購；定期交納（會費）
【教材原句】　Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯諾贊同第二種看法。
【用法】
（1）subscribe to
同意；贊同；訂購；捐款；捐助；訂閱
subscribe ... to ...
在……上簽署……；向……捐……
（2）subscriber n.訂閱人；訂購者；定期捐款者
【佳句】　All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
我們所有人都贊成這個觀點：好的親子關系是基于相互理解和尊重。
【練透】　語境辨義
①It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school， to which we were sincerely grateful. 　　　　　　　
②To broaden our horizons and enrich our school lives， I have subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three years. 　　　　　　　
③Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy？ 　　　　　　　
suspect vt.& vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象
【教材原句】　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。
【用法】
suspect sb/sth to be ...
　　　　　　　　懷疑/猜想某人/某物是……
suspect sb of （doing） sth 懷疑某人（做過）某事
suspect that ... 懷疑/認為……（尤指壞事可能屬實或發生）
【佳句】　Initially， Bernard suspected that he couldn’t sell his popcorn as planned. （讀后續寫之心理描寫）
起初，伯納德懷疑他不能按計劃賣掉爆米花。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 （suspect） of stealing the car， he was arrested by the police.
②Two 　　　　　　（suspect） in connection with the case are now being questioned at present.
【寫美】　完成句子
③The person I respect most is my English teacher，who never 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.我最尊敬的人是我的英語老師，他從不懷疑我們會實現夢想。
blame vt.把……歸咎于；責怪；指責 n.責備；指責
【用法】
（1）blame sb for （doing） sth　　　　　　 　　　因（做）某事責備某人
blame sth on ... 把某事歸咎于……
be to blame （for sth） （對某事）負有責任
（2）take/bear the blame for 對……承擔責任
put/place the blame for sth on ... 把某事歸咎于……
【佳句】　Instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. （建議信）
我們應該多交流、換位思考，而不是指責其他人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①In my view， Li Hua， who broke the school rules， was 　　　　　?。╞lame）.
②Although the teaching assistant was to blame 　　　　　　the severe mistake，the foreign teacher didn’t blame her 　　　　it.
【寫美】　句式升級
③Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Alice was in low spirits. （過去分詞短語作狀語）
link n.聯系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來；相關聯
【教材原句】　Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外，斯諾之后還證明了另外幾起霍亂病例與倫敦多家飲用水公司有關。
【用法】
（1）There is a link between ...and ...
　 　　　　　……和……之間有聯系
（2）link ...to/with ...
將……和……聯系或連接起來
be linked to ... 與……有聯系/有關
【佳句】　Some diseases are closely linked to smoking.
有些疾病與吸煙密切相關。
【寫美】　完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， and as a result， it is necessary for us to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
健康問題和不良的飲食習慣之間是有聯系的，因此，我們有必要將身體健康和健康的飲食聯系起來。
decrease n.減少；降低；減少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、數量等）減少；減??；降低
【教材原句】　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
經過斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司開始出售潔凈水，世界各地霍亂的威脅大幅降低。
【用法】
（1）a decrease in ...在……方面的減少/降低
on the decrease 在減少
（2）decrease （from ...） to ...（從……）減少到……（表示減少后的量）
decrease by ... 減少了……（表示減少的量）
decrease in ... 在……方面減少
【佳句】　The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the number of people who liked group travel.
數據顯示，在過去的一年喜歡團體游的人數急劇減少。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Not having enough sleep will have an impact on our health， leading to a decrease 　　　　learning efficiency.
【寫美】　完成句子
②Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs 　　　　　　　　　，but thanks to various relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese traditions 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
青少年對中國古代傳統和習俗的了解正在減少，但多虧了各種相關活動，欣賞中國傳統的人數正在增加。
thanks to幸虧；由于
【教材原句】　Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to the work of John Snow.幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現在知道了如何預防霍亂。
【用法】
其他表示“原因”的短語：
（1）because of， on account of， as a result of等常作狀語，一般不作表語，可置于句首或句末；
（2）due to，owing to在句中作狀語或表語。
【佳句】　“Thanks to your encouragement and assistance， I could take part in the cross-country run，” David said， with tears of gratitude shining in his eyes.
大衛說：“多虧了您的鼓勵和幫助，我才能參加越野賽跑?！备屑さ臏I水在他的眼里閃爍。
【寫美】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the two rescued children were finally reunited with their family happily.
多虧了杰克的勇敢和冷靜，被救的兩個孩子最終高興地與家人團聚了。
②I hold the strong belief that your outstanding success is 　　　　　　　　your hard work and tireless efforts.
我堅信你杰出的成就是因為你的勤奮工作和不懈努力。
transform vt.使改觀；使改變形態 vi.改變；轉變
【教材原句】　Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，通過使用地圖和數據，斯諾改變了科學家研究疾病的方式。
【用法】
（1）transform ... into ...　使……轉變成……
（2）transformation n. 變化，轉變；改觀
【佳句】　She used to be terribly shy， but a year abroad has completely transformed her.
她過去十分靦腆，但在國外待了一年以后完全變了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The past ten years have witnessed a complete 　　　　　　?。╰ransform） of my hometown.
【寫美】　完成句子
②Your generous help and kindness 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　an unforgettable memory.你的慷慨幫助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成為一個難忘的回憶。
重點句型解構
句型公式：until引導時間狀語從句
【教材原句】　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome.
在英國醫生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。
【用法】
（1）not ... until ...意為“直到……才……”，引導時間狀語從句。
（2）在not ... until ...句型中，可以把not until提到句首，此時主句用部分倒裝語序。
（3）not ... until ...句型的強調句為
It is/was not until ... that ...
【品悟】　The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg， passing the finishing line. （讀后續寫之動作描寫）
聲音越來越大，直到大衛拖著腿通過了終點線。
【寫美】　完成句子/一句多譯
①I left the hospital with confidence，promising that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我滿懷信心地離開了醫院，并承諾我會繼續努力，直到完美地完成這個項目。
②直到我聽到消息，我才意識到自己贏得了比賽。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I had won the contest.（倒裝句）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I had won the contest.（強調句）
句型公式：so ... that ...如此……以至于……
【教材原句】　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他發現霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴重，十天內就有500多人死亡。
【用法】
（1）引導結果狀語從句的兩個句型：
①so＋
②such＋
（2）當so或such位于句首時，主句應用部分倒裝語序。
【品悟】?、賁he was so tired after work that she fell asleep as soon as her head hit the pillow.
她下班后太累了，頭一碰到枕頭就睡著了。
②She was such a talented musician that her performances always appealed to the audience.
她是一位才華橫溢的音樂家，她的表演總是能吸引觀眾。
【寫美】　一句多譯/完成句子
①隨著汽車逐漸靠近他的家鄉，他的心劇烈地跳動，感到非常緊張。 （讀后續寫之心理描寫）
→As the car got closer and closer to his hometown， his heart beat 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
→As the car got closer and closer to his hometown，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②The Spoken English Club holds 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　more and more students.Many club members 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　they can speak English more fluently than before.
英語口語社團定期舉辦很多活動，以至于吸引了越來越多的學生。許多社團成員取得了很大進步，他們的英語說得比以前更流利了。
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.A
2.Paras.1－5　DBAEC
第二步
1－4　CDBA
第三步
1.As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
2.（1）However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
（2）He was determined to find out why.
第四步
1.When facing an epidemic， we should find the cause of it， cut off the transmission route of the virus， develop vaccines and find the cure for it.
2.They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific methods.Meanwhile， they treat the sick with love and kindness.
第五步
1.賓語從句　結果狀語從句　他發現霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴重，十天內就有500多人死亡。
2.定語　the exact places　定語　those　斯諾首先在地圖上標出所有死者住所的確切位置。
3.so ... that ...　結果狀語　該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運到家里來。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①frustrated?、趂rustrating?、踳as frustrated at my poor performance
2.①捐助　②訂閱?、圪澩?br/>3.①Suspected?、趕uspects?、踫uspects us of achieving our dreams
4.①to blame?、趂or； for?、跙lamed for the breakdown of the school computer network
5.There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits； link physical health to/with healthy diets
6.①in?、趇s on the decrease/is decreasing； is on the increase/is increasing
7.①Thanks to Jack’s bravery and calmness
②due to/owing to
8.①transformation?、趖ransformed my first Canada trip into
重點句型解構
1.①I would keep trying until I finished the project wonderfully
②Not until I heard the news did I realise that； It was not until I heard the news that I realised that
2.①so violently that he felt very nervous； so violently did his heart beat that he felt very nervous?、趕o many activities regularly that it appeals to/attracts； have made such great progress that
11 / 11(共116張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①”
[1]Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the
world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be
overcome. This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and
even death.In the early 19th century， when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit
Europe， millions of people died from the disease.[2]As a young
doctor， John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to
prevent or treat cholera. In time， he rose to become a famous doctor，
and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria [3]when she gave birth.However，
he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑨.
　　[1]until在句中引導時間狀語從句；how引導的從句作動詞
showed的賓語；過去分詞feared作定語，修飾名詞diseases；John
Snow是a British doctor的同位語。
[2]because引導原因狀語從句；“疑問詞how＋動詞不定式短
語”作動詞knew的賓語。
[3]when引導時間狀語從句。
【讀文清障】
①cholera n.霍亂
②used to 過去常常
③severe adj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴重的；嚴厲的
④diarrhoea n.腹瀉
⑤dehydration n.脫水
⑥outbreak n.爆發
⑦frustrated adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的
⑧attend to照顧
⑨once and for all最終地；徹底地
　　In general⑩， doctors in those days had two contradictory theories
to explain how cholera spread.[4]One theory was that bad air caused the
disease.[5]The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from
germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was
correct， but he still needed proof .Consequently ， when an outbreak
of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate .[6]He
discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe
that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out
why.
　　[4][5]兩句中的that均引導表語從句，不作任何成分，只起連接
作用，且不可省略。
[6]第一個that引導的從句作動詞discovered的賓語；在該從句中
含有一個so ...that ...句型，該句型中that引導結果狀語從句。
⑩in general一般來說
contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的
infection n.感染；傳染
infect vt.使感染；傳染
germ n.微生物；細菌；病菌
subscribe vi.認購（股份）；定期訂購；定期交納（會費）
subscribe to同意；贊同
proof n.證據；證明；檢驗
consequently adv.因此；所以
investigate v.調查
　　[7]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those
who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump
in Broad Street （especially house numbers 16， 37， 38， and
40）.However， some households （such as 20 and 21 Broad Street，
and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street） had had no deaths.These people worked
in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer， and so
had not drunk the water from the pump.[8]Snow suspected that the
water pump was to blame .
What is more， in another part of London， a woman and her daughter
had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.[9]It seemed
that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it
delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence， John
Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera
germs.Accordingly ， he had the handle of the pump removed
[10]so that it could not be used.Through this intervention ， the disease
was stopped in its tracks .
　　[7] 該句中的介詞短語by marking on a map作方式狀語修飾動詞
began；where和who引導定語從句，分別修飾先行詞places和those。
[8]that引導的從句作動詞suspected的賓語；be to blame意為“該
受責備”，常用主動形式表示被動意義。
[9]It seemed that ...意為“好像……”；had it delivered是“have
＋賓語＋過去分詞”結構，過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示“主語讓別
人做某事”。
[10]so that在句中引導目的狀語從句。
multiple adj.數量多的；多種多樣的
pump n.泵；抽水機；打氣筒
water pump 水泵
household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人
suspect vt.& vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象
blame vt.把……歸咎于；責怪；指責n.責備；指責
deliver vt.運送；傳遞
as a result of由于……；因為……
accordingly adv.相應地
handle n.把手；拉手；柄
vt.處理；搬動；操縱（車輛、動物、工具等）
remove v.移走
intervention n.介入；出面；干涉
track n.軌道；足跡
　　[11]The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had
been infected by waste.Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link
between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in
London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames [12]that was
polluted by raw waste.[13]The people who drank this water were much
more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
　　[11]連接詞that在句中引導表語從句。
[12]關系代詞that在句中引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the River
Thames。
[13]句子主干使用了一個比較級結構；句中兩個關系代詞who都
引導定語從句，分別修飾先行詞people和those； be likely to do sth意
為“有可能做某事”。
link n.聯系；紐帶
vt.把……連接起來；相關聯
case n.病例
raw adj.未煮的；生的；未經處理的；原始的
pure adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的
　　Through Snow’s tireless efforts ， water companies began to sell
clean water， and [14]the threat of cholera around the world saw a
substantial decrease .However， cholera is still a problem.Each
year， millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from
it.Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to the
work of John Snow.Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics ，
Snow transformed the way [15]scientists study diseases.For this
reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology .
　　[14]該句謂語動詞是saw，使用了擬人的修辭手法，意為“見
證；目睹”。
[15]此處是省略了that或in which的定語從句，修飾先行詞the
way。
tireless efforts不懈的努力
substantial adj.大量的；價值巨大的；重大的
decrease n.減少；降低；減少量
　vt.& vi.（使大小、數量等）減少；減??；降低
thanks to幸虧；由于
statistic n.[pl.]統計數字；統計資料；統計學
transform vt.使改觀；使改變形態
vi.改變；轉變
epidemiology n.流行病學
【參考譯文】
約翰·斯諾戰勝“霍亂王”
在英國醫生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世
界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。它可導致嚴重腹瀉、脫水，甚至死亡。
十九世紀初，霍亂爆發，肆虐歐洲，數百萬人喪命。由于當時無人知
道如何預防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫生很沮喪。后來，他成了
一位名醫，甚至照料分娩的維多利亞女王。然而，他始終沒有放棄徹
底根除霍亂的愿望。
關于霍亂的蔓延方式，當時醫生大體上有兩種截然不同的看
法。一種看法是空氣污染引發，另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的
細菌感染導致霍亂。斯諾贊同第二種看法。這一看法是正確的，
但他仍需要證據。因此，1854年倫敦爆發霍亂時，斯諾便開始調
查。他發現霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴重，十天內就有500多人
死亡。他決心查明原因。
斯諾首先在地圖上標出所有死者住所的確切位置。寬街水泵附近
有多例死亡（尤其是16號、37號、38號及40號住宅），但是有些住戶
（如寬街20號和21號以及劍橋街8號和9號）卻無人死亡。這些幸存者
在劍橋街7號的酒吧工作，酒吧為他們提供免費啤酒，因此沒有喝水
泵抽上來的水。斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。此外，在倫敦的另一個
區域，一名婦女和她的女兒從寬街搬來后死于霍亂。該婦女似乎非常
喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運到家里來。有了這
個證據，約翰·斯諾就能夠宣布水泵抽上來的水攜帶霍亂病菌。于是，
他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。這一干預舉措遏制
了疾病的蔓延。
事情的真相是寬街水泵抽上來的水被廢棄物污染了。此外，斯諾
之后還證明了另外幾起霍亂病例與倫敦多家飲用水公司有關。有些公
司出售的水取自被未經處理的廢棄物污染的泰晤士河。與飲用純凈水
或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍亂。
經過斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司開始出售潔凈水，世界各地霍
亂的威脅大幅降低。然而，霍亂仍是問題。每年全球有數百萬人感染
霍亂，其中許多人因此喪生。幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們
現在知道了如何預防霍亂。此外，通過使用地圖和數據，斯諾改變了
科學家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯諾被譽為現代流行病學之父。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
1. What’s the main idea of the passage？
A. How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it.
B. The cause of cholera was polluted water.
C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
2. Read the whole passage quickly and match the main idea with each
paragraph.
Para.1 A. John Snow began his study by marking on a map.
Para.2 B. John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Para.3 C. John Snow’s contributions.
Para.4 D. John Snow desired to defeat cholera.
Para.5 E. The truth of the infection of cholera.
答案：Paras.1－5　DBAEC
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
1. Why did John Snow become frustrated？
A. An outbreak of cholera hit Europe.
B. Millions of people died from cholera.
C. Nobody knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
D. Doctors had two contradictory theories about cholera.
2. What was the key leading to John Snow’s discovery？
A. The woman.
B. The government.
C. The water company.
D. The map made by himself.
3. How did Snow begin his job？
A. By making a survey.
B. By finding the reason.
C. By offering a solution.
D. By studying the disease.
4. What led to people’s getting cholera in London？
A. Drinking polluted water.
B. Eating polluted food.
C. Breathing polluted air.
D. Having unhealthy lifestyles.
第三步：品佳句妙筆生輝
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood of
sadness.


2. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing John
Snow’s determination.



　As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one
knew how to prevent or treat cholera.　
?。?）However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and
for all.　
（2）He was determined to find out why.　
第四步：抒己見提升思維
1. What can we learn from John Snow when facing an epidemic？



2. What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common？


　When facing an epidemic， we should find the cause of it， cut off
the transmission route of the virus， develop vaccines and find the cure
for it.　
　They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific
methods.Meanwhile， they treat the sick with love and kindness.　
第五步：辨難句拆分解讀
1. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so
severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
句式分析 第一個that引導 ，第二個that引導
。
自主翻譯

賓語從句　
結果狀
語從句　
他發現霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴重，十天內就有
500多人死亡。　
2. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who
died had lived.
句式分析 主句為 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places，
where引導 從句，修飾先行詞 ；who引
導 從句，修飾先行詞 。
自主翻譯
定語　
the exact places　
定語　
those　
斯諾首先在地圖上標出所有死者住所的確切位置?！?br/>3. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that
she had it delivered to her house every day.
句式分析 本句中 意為“如此……以至
于……”，that引導 從句。had it delivered為“have＋
賓語＋過去分詞”結構，意為“讓某事被做”。
自主翻譯

so ... that ...　
結果狀語　
該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人
從那里打水運到家里來?！?br/>核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
frustrated adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的
【教材原句】　As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated
because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于當時無人知道
如何預防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫生很沮喪。
核心詞匯集釋
（1）feel/be frustrated at/with ...
　對……感到沮喪/懊惱　
（2）frustrating adj.　　令人沮喪的
frustrate vt.　　挫敗；阻撓；使感到灰心
frustration n.　　挫折
【用法】
【佳句】　Frustrated and disappointed， I felt as if I were thrown into a
world of limitless darkness. ?。ㄗx后續寫之心理描寫）
既沮喪又失望，我感覺自己好像被扔進了一個無盡的黑暗世界之中。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①By the way，we often feel （frustrate）， which has a
very bad effect on our studies.
②Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and
（frustrate） experience.
frustrated　
frustrating　
【寫美】　完成句子
③I in the contest and tears of
frustration welled up in my eyes.?。ㄗx后續寫之心理描寫）
我對自己在比賽中的糟糕表現感到沮喪，我的眼睛里涌出懊惱的
淚水。
was frustrated at my poor performance　
subscribe vi.認購（股份）；定期訂購；定期交納（會費）
【教材原句】　Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯諾贊同第二種
看法。
（1）subscribe to
同意；贊同；訂購；捐款；捐助；訂閱
subscribe ... to ...
在……上簽署……；向……捐……
（2）subscriber n.訂閱人；訂購者；定期捐款者
【用法】
【佳句】　All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children
relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect. 我們所有人都
贊成這個觀點：好的親子關系是基于相互理解和尊重。
【練透】　語境辨義
①It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school，
to which we were sincerely grateful.　
②To broaden our horizons and enrich our school lives， I have
subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three
years.　
③Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the
economy？　
捐助　
訂閱　
贊同　
suspect vt.& vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象
【教材原句】　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯諾
懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。
suspect sb/sth to be ... 懷疑/猜想某人/某物是……
suspect sb of （doing） sth 懷疑某人（做過）某事
suspect that ...　　懷疑/認為……（尤指壞事可能屬實或發生）
【用法】
【佳句】　Initially， Bernard suspected that he couldn’t sell his
popcorn as planned.　（讀后續寫之心理描寫）
起初，伯納德懷疑他不能按計劃賣掉爆米花。
【練透】　單句語法填空
① （suspect） of stealing the car， he was arrested by the
police.
②Two （suspect） in connection with the case are now
being questioned at present.
Suspected　
suspects　
【寫美】　完成句子
③The person I respect most is my English teacher，who never
.我最尊敬的人是我的英語老師，他從不懷
疑我們會實現夢想。
suspects
us of achieving our dreams　
blame vt.把……歸咎于；責怪；指責 n.責備；指責
【用法】
（1）blame sb for （doing） sth　　　　　因（做）某事責備某人
blame sth on ...　　把某事歸咎于……
be to blame （for sth）　?。▽δ呈拢┴撚胸熑?br/>（2）take/bear the blame for　　對……承擔責任
put/place the blame for sth on ...　　把某事歸咎于……
【佳句】　Instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and
put ourselves in others’ place.?。ńㄗh信）
我們應該多交流、換位思考，而不是指責其他人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①In my view， Li Hua， who broke the school rules， was
（blame）.
②Although the teaching assistant was to blame the severe
mistake，the foreign teacher didn’t blame her it.
to blame　
for　
for　
【寫美】　句式升級
③Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of
the school computer network.
→ ， Alice
was in low spirits. 　（過去分詞短語作狀語）
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network　
link n.聯系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來；相關聯
【教材原句】　Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link
between other cases of cholera and the different water companies
in London.此外，斯諾之后還證明了另外幾起霍亂病例與倫敦多家
飲用水公司有關。
（1）There is a link between ...and ...　　……和……之間有聯系
（2）link ...to/with ...　　將……和……聯系或連接起來
be linked to ...　　與……有聯系/有關
【用法】
【佳句】　Some diseases are closely linked to smoking.
有些疾病與吸煙密切相關。
【寫美】　完成句子
， and
as a result， it is necessary for us to
.
健康問題和不良的飲食習慣之間是有聯系的，因此，我們有必要將身
體健康和健康的飲食聯系起來。
There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits　
link physical health to/with healthy
diets　
decrease n.減少；降低；減少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、數量等）減
少；減??；降低
【教材原句】　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies
began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw
a substantial decrease.
經過斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司開始出售潔凈水，世界各地霍亂的
威脅大幅降低。
【用法】
（1）a decrease in ...　在……方面的減少/降低
on the decrease　　在減少
（2）decrease （from ...） to ... 　（從……）減少到……（表示
減少后的量）
decrease by ...　　減少了……（表示減少的量）
decrease in ...　　在……方面減少
【佳句】　The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the
number of people who liked group travel.
數據顯示，在過去的一年喜歡團體游的人數急劇減少。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Not having enough sleep will have an impact on our health， leading to
a decrease learning efficiency.
in　
【寫美】　完成句子
②Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and
customs ，but thanks to various
relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese
traditions .
青少年對中國古代傳統和習俗的了解正在減少，但多虧了各種相關活
動，欣賞中國傳統的人數正在增加。
is on the decrease/is decreasing　
is on the increase/is increasing　
thanks to幸虧；由于
【教材原句】　Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera，
thanks to the work of John Snow.
幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現在知道了如何預防霍亂。
其他表示“原因”的短語：
（1）because of， on account of， as a result of等常作狀語，一般不作
表語，可置于句首或句末；
（2）due to，owing to在句中作狀語或表語。
【用法】
【佳句】　“Thanks to your encouragement and assistance， I could
take part in the cross-country run，” David said， with tears of gratitude
shining in his eyes.
大衛說：“多虧了您的鼓勵和幫助，我才能參加越野賽跑?！备屑さ?br/>淚水在他的眼里閃爍。
【寫美】　完成句子
① ， the two rescued children
were finally reunited with their family happily.
多虧了杰克的勇敢和冷靜，被救的兩個孩子最終高興地與家人團
聚了。
②I hold the strong belief that your outstanding success is
your hard work and tireless efforts.
我堅信你杰出的成就是因為你的勤奮工作和不懈努力。
Thanks to Jack’s bravery and calmness　
due to/owing
to　
transform vt.使改觀；使改變形態 vi.改變；轉變
【教材原句】　Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics， Snow
transformed the way scientists study diseases.
此外，通過使用地圖和數據，斯諾改變了科學家研究疾病的方式。
（1）transform ... into ...　　使……轉變成……
（2）transformation n.　　變化，轉變；改觀
【用法】
【佳句】　She used to be terribly shy， but a year abroad has completely
transformed her.
她過去十分靦腆，但在國外待了一年以后完全變了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The past ten years have witnessed a complete
（transform） of my hometown.
transformation　
【寫美】　完成句子
②Your generous help and kindness
an unforgettable memory.
你的慷慨幫助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成為一個難忘的回憶。
transformed my first Canada trip
into　
重點句型解構
句型公式：until引導時間狀語從句
【教材原句】　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the
world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be
overcome.
在英國醫生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上
最令人恐懼的疾病之一。
【用法】
（1）not ... until ...意為“直到……才……”，引導時間狀語從
句。
（2）在not ... until ...句型中，可以把not until提到句首，此時主句
用部分倒裝語序。
（3）not ... until ...句型的強調句為
It is/was not until ... that ...
【品悟】　The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his
leg， passing the finishing line.?。ㄗx后續寫之動作描寫）
聲音越來越大，直到大衛拖著腿通過了終點線。
【寫美】　完成句子/一句多譯
①I left the hospital with confidence，promising that
.
我滿懷信心地離開了醫院，并承諾我會繼續努力，直到完美地完成這
個項目。
②直到我聽到消息，我才意識到自己贏得了比賽。
→ I had won the contest.
（倒裝句）
→ I had won the
contest.（強調句）
I would keep
trying until I finished the project wonderfully　
Not until I heard the news did I realise that　
It was not until I heard the news that I realised that　
句型公式：so ... that ...如此……以至于……
【教材原句】　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera
outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他發現
霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴重，十天內就有500多人死亡。
【用法】
（1）引導結果狀語從句的兩個句型：
①so＋
②such＋
（2）當so或such位于句首時，主句應用部分倒裝語序。
【品悟】　①She was so tired after work that she fell asleep as soon as
her head hit the pillow.
她下班后太累了，頭一碰到枕頭就睡著了。
②She was such a talented musician that her performances always
appealed to the audience.
她是一位才華橫溢的音樂家，她的表演總是能吸引觀眾。
【寫美】　一句多譯/完成句子
①隨著汽車逐漸靠近他的家鄉，他的心劇烈地跳動，感到非常緊張。　
（讀后續寫之心理描寫）
→As the car got closer and closer to his hometown， his heart beat
.
→As the car got closer and closer to his hometown，
.
so
violently that he felt very nervous　
so violently did his
heart beat that he felt very nervous　
②The Spoken English Club holds
more and more students.Many club members
they can speak English more fluently than
before.
英語口語社團定期舉辦很多活動，以至于吸引了越來越多的學生。許
多社團成員取得了很大進步，他們的英語說得比以前更流利了。
so many activities regularly that it
appeals to/attracts　
have
made such great progress that　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. It is a pity that he lost all the （統計數字） because of
the sudden breakdown of his computer.
2. I have already （懷疑） that they won’t agree to my
initial plan.
3. Without substantial statistics， I had no idea how to （處
理） the difficult challenge.
statistics　
suspected　
handle　
4. Owing to the severe environmental pollution，this species of bird
is （減少） in numbers every year.
5. There is no （證據） that this kind of lifestyle causes cancer
in humans.
6. What made him f was that his son was infected with this
terrible virus.
7. The businessman s much money to the university regularly
where his son is studying.
8. What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as
p as they expect.
decreasing　
proof　
rustrated　
ubscribes　
ure　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. This is one （prove） that environmental factors have a
much higher effect than we thought.
2. Chinese herbs come from materials that are （pure）
natural， which have small side effects.
3. The lake， once （severe） polluted， has turned into a
beautiful theme park.
4. I was overcome with sadness because I （suspect）
of stealing his money.
proof　
purely　
severely　
was suspected　
5. All of them blamed the mistake on me，making me quite
（frustrate） and depressed.
6. Besides，your disagreements can also get （handle） if
you put yourselves in others’ shoes.
7. Generally， yellow is （link） with confidence， self-
respect and friendliness.
8. As a matter of fact， air， water， clothing and insects are all means
of （infect）.
frustrated　
handled　
linked　
infection　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing I had a
chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall.
2. Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day，
so she subscribed the 21st Century.
3. Tom was hard-working that he made much progress in his
studies.
4. The past 30 years （見證了巨大的變
化） that have taken place in my hometown.
that　
to　
so　
have seen the great changes　
5. Emperor Qinshihuang succeeded in
（將所有城墻連接起來）. Thus， the Great Wall came
into being.
6. （ChatGPT是如此強大）that it can
almost do anything.
7. The demand for teachers （每年在減
少）.
8. （多虧了他的及時幫助）， I have
made great progress in English learning.
having all the walls joined
together　
So powerful is ChatGPT　
is on the decrease each year　
Thanks to his timely help　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Cholera was one of the most feared 1. （disease） in the
past. In the early 19th century， when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，
millions of people died from the disease. John Snow， 2. famous
doctor， was determined 3. （destroy） cholera once and
for all.
diseases　
a　
to destroy　
There were two theories about cholera at that time. One was
4. bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was
caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed
5. the second theory. He began to investigate， 6.
（mark） on a map the exact places where all those who died 7.
（live）.As a result， he found multiple deaths in one place while
there were no deaths in another place.8. （eventual），
he found the evidence for the second theory. He succeeded in
9. （stop） the disease spreading.
Snow transformed the way of studying diseases， and therefore he
10. （consider） the father of modern epidemiology.
that　
to　
marking　
had
lived　
Eventually　
stopping　
is considered　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　?。?024·常州高二下學期質檢）
　　The maker of ChatGPT on Thursday unveiled its next leap into
generative artificial intelligence with a tool that instantly makes short
videos in response to written commands.
San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator， called
Sora， isn’t the first of its kind.Google， Meta and the start-up Runway
ML are among the other companies to have demonstrated similar
technology.
But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI — some after
CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written
prompts （提示） — surprised observers while also raising fears about the
ethical and societal problems.The negative effects of generative AI will be
a critical topic for debate in 2024.It’s a substantial issue that every
business and every person will need to face this year.
“An instructional cooking session for home-made dumplings hosted
by a grandmother social media influencer set in a Tuscan country kitchen
with cinematic lighting，” was a prompt suggested on X by a freelance
photographer from New Hampshire.Altman responded a short time later
with a realistic video that depicted what the prompt described.
The tool isn’t yet publicly available and OpenAI has revealed
limited information about how it was built.The company， which has been
sued （控告） by some authors and The New York Times over its use of
copyrighted works of writing to train ChatGPT， also hasn’t disclosed
what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora.（OpenAI pays an
undisclosed fee to The Associated Press to license its text news archive）.
OpenAI said in a blog post that it’s engaging with artists，
policymakers and others before releasing the new tool to the public.
“We are working with red teamers — domain experts in areas like
misinformation， hateful content， and bias — who will be testing the
model seriously，” the company said.“We’re also building tools to
help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell
when a video was generated by Sora.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。ChatGPT的研發者OpenAI在生成式
人工智能方面取得了又一次飛躍，它推出了可以根據書面指令立即
制作短視頻的Sora。
本文是一篇說明文。ChatGPT的研發者OpenAI在生成式
人工智能方面取得了又一次飛躍，它推出了可以根據書面指令立即
制作短視頻的Sora。
1. What can we learn about Sora？
A. It was the first to make videos.
B. It beat its competitors in speed.
C. It produces videos based on instructions.
D. It creates videos completely independently.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一至三段可知，Sora的主要功能是
在接受用戶指令后生成視頻，它并非同類產品中的第一家，它超越
競爭對手之處主要在于其生成視頻的質量。
2. What did Sam Altman do on X？
A. He conducted a survey.
B. He gave a demonstration.
C. He made a presentation.
D. He performed an experiment.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三、四段可知，Sam Altman是
OpenAI的 CEO，他在網上讓社交媒體用戶發來各種指令，然后他
用Sora來生成視頻。顯然他是在給用戶演示Sora。
3. Why was OpenAI sued by some authors？
A. It copied their works.
B. It trained Sora illegally.
C. It released Sora without permission.
D. It trained ChatGPT with their works.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段可知，之所以OpenAI被一
些作家控告，是因為它在訓練ChatGPT時使用了這些作家的作品。
4. What’s the purpose of OpenAI’s blog post？
A. To show Sora is difficult to release.
B. To prove Sora is wonderful enough.
C. To prove they are cautious about Sora.
D. To show they have worked hard on Sora.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后兩段可知，OpenAI在這篇博文中
表示，在向公眾發布Sora之前，他們正在與藝術家、政策制定者和
其他人群進行接觸，同時讓很多專家試用并嚴格測試該軟件。由此
推知，這篇博文主要表明OpenAI對于推出Sora持非常謹慎的態度。
B
　?。?024·淄博高二下學期月考）In an era of endless notifications
from apps， devices and social media platforms， as well as access to
more information than we could possibly consider， how do we find ways
to manage？ And is the way we think， focus and process information
changing as a result？
　　Maryanne Wolf is the director of the Center for Dyslexia， Diverse
Learners and Social Justice at the University of California in the United
States.Wolf is concerned that the amount of interaction we have with our
screens and devices — and the speed at which we necessarily have to
function — has changed us by removing from us the ability to be
present.And we’re so accustomed to going so fast that becoming
completely involved in an activity is difficult.
　　Kai Lukoff is an assistant professor at Santa Clara University in the
US. He researches how apps， social media platforms and technology
designers attempt to capture a user’s attention.“There are a thousand or
more engineers， developers， designers on the other side of the screen
who are purposefully or intentionally designing these services in order to
capture your attention， to get you to spend more time on the site， to get
you to click on more ads.”
　　Daniel Le Roux， a senior lecturer at Stellenbosch University in
South Africa， looks at the effects of what we’re doing when we’re
“media multitasking”.“Everybody’s doing it， and it’s， in a large
way， a natural adaptation to the technological environment that has been
created around us.”
　　Media multitasking， like skimming， is an adaptive response to an
environment filled with information.And media multitasking comes at a
cognitive （認知的） cost， Le Roux points out.“We bring what we
might call a switch cost， which means our performance in our focal task
is going to suffer.If you think of driving as the focal task， the reason we
prohibit drivers from using their smartphones while they’re driving is
because it distracts them from the task of driving.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。身處網絡時代，我們每天都面對沒
完沒了的電子干擾。這些電子干擾會對我們產生什么影響呢？
本文是一篇說明文。身處網絡時代，我們每天都面對沒
完沒了的電子干擾。這些電子干擾會對我們產生什么影響呢？
5. What is the result of our interaction with screens and devices according
to Maryanne Wolf？
A. Having trouble in concentrating.
B. Becoming addicted to the Internet.
C. Having access to more information.
D. Building better relationships with others.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段可知，Maryanne Wolf認為，電
子干擾帶來的結果是我們很難全身心地專注于某事，也很難認真地
活在當下。
6. What does Kai Lukoff try to stress in the third paragraph？
A. Why social media apps are popular.
B. How social media platforms operate.
C. Platform workers’ efforts to attract users.
D. Great services of social media platforms.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段可知，Kai Lukoff指出，在那些
app以及社交媒體平臺的背后，都有很多工作人員在想盡一切辦法
吸引網絡用戶的注意力。
7. Why does Daniel Le Roux give the example of driving？
A. To explain what media multitasking is.
B. To show the harm of media multitasking.
C. To explain why we’re media multitasking.
D. To show the benefits of media multitasking.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后兩段可知，Daniel Le Roux提出了
media multitasking這一概念，然后通過列舉駕駛員禁用手機這一例
子，來說明媒體多任務帶來的危害。
8. How does the author develop the passage？
A. By quoting some experts’ views.
B. By providing some typical examples.
C. By using the results of some surveys.
D. By analyzing some social phenomena.
解析：　推理判斷題。綜合全文可知，作者第一段先陳述電子干
擾這一社會現象并提出問題，接下來通過引用三位專家的觀點來進
一步闡述這一話題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　（2024·浙江四校高二下學期聯考）The world of writing is
changing.Things have moved very quickly from keyboards and predictive
text.The rise of generative artificial intelligence （AI） means robots can
now write human-quality text without having hands at all.
　　Recent improvements in speech-to-text software mean even human
“writers” do not need to touch a keyboard， let alone a pen. 　9　，
without having to lift a finger.The word “writer” may come to mean
something very different， as people compose text in multiple ways in an
increasingly digital world.
　　However， learning to handwrite is still a key component of the
literacy curriculum in primary schools. 　10　.But there are a number of
important reasons why handwriting will still be taught in schools.
　　·It helps you remember
　　Handwriting has important cognitive benefits， including for
memory.Research suggests traditional pen-and-paper notes are
remembered better， due to the greater complexity of the handwriting
process. 　11　.In many cases， students become better readers through
practising writing.
　　· 　12　
　　Handwriting does not need electricity， devices， batteries，
software， subscriptions， a fast Internet connection， a keyboard，
charging time or the many other things on which digital writing depends.It
only needs pen and paper and can be done anywhere.Sometimes
handwriting is the easiest and best option.
　　·It is about thinking
　　Most importantly， learning to write and learning to think are closely
connected. 　13　.They are developed and organised as they are
composed.Thinking is too important to be outsourced to robots！
　　Teaching writing is about giving students a toolkit of multiple writing
strategies.Handwriting will remain an important component of this toolkit
for the foreseeable future.
A. It is very accessible
B. Ideas are formed as students write
C. It has become part of your daily routine
D. Writers of the future will be talkers and thinkers
E. And learning to read and handwrite are closely linked
F. Good handwriting can help you make a good first impression
G. Parents may be wondering whether learning to write by hand is worth
the trouble
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在電子設備越來越普及的今天，我
們還有必要練習手寫嗎？
9. D　此處上下文都在討論writer這一職業和這一單詞含義在未來面臨
的變化，因此D項符合語境。
10. G　空前一句指出學習手寫仍然是小學讀寫課程的重要組成部
分。G項承接上文，說明家長對此的顧慮：是否還值得費這么大勁學
習寫字。
本文是一篇說明文。在電子設備越來越普及的今天，我
們還有必要練習手寫嗎？
11. E　空后一句指出書寫可以促進學生閱讀能力的提升，這正好是對
E項的具體闡釋和說明。
12. A　設空處為段落小標題。下文主要說明了手寫的便捷性：無需
電源、無需設備，也無需網絡，隨時隨地都可以進行。A項正好是對
此段大意的準確概括。
13. B　上下文都在論述書寫和思維的緊密相連，B項（書寫的過程同
步產生思想）符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　?。?024·濟南高二上學期期末考試）I have heard that one is never
too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. 　14　 with my job，
I found myself in a bar on the eve of my 30th birthday preparing to 　15　
the night away.Instead， I walked out at 11：00 p.m.， and just 　16　
running.I hadn’t run in the past decade， and that 　17　 I ran thirty
miles.That single act forever 　18　 the course of my life.
Another thing helped me to make the decision.My boss gave each of
us a copy of Chicken Soup for the Soul and 　19　 us to read a story or
two.I was 　20　 — this was not her favourite business book！
Many of my colleagues would 　21　 the bars after a busy day at
work.I started running as a way to 　22　 the pressure.But I also started
reading. 　23　 enough， I found much in common between the two.
Since walking out of that 　24　 on the eve of my 30th birthday，
my life has been 　25　 changed.I decided to make my passion for
running my job.I had no 　26　 how I was going to do this， but I just
realised 　27　 I followed my heart and did what I loved， I could
somehow make a success of it.If nothing else， I’d certainly be a
lot 　28　 than if I continued going to work every day in a job I didn’t
enjoy.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者放棄了自己厭倦的工作，踏上
了跑步之路——他的人生從此改變。
本文是一篇記敘文。作者放棄了自己厭倦的工作，踏上
了跑步之路——他的人生從此改變。
14. A. Satisfied B. Unhappy
C. Impatient D. Surprised
解析：根據文章最后一句可知，作者當時厭倦了自己的工作。
15. A. spend B. drink C. throw D. drive
解析：　因為上文提到作者去了一家酒吧，所以他應該是打算
整晚在里面喝酒。
16. A. continued B. finished
C. started D. enjoyed
解析：　根據下一句可知，作者已經好多年沒有跑步了，因此
這時他是開始跑步。
17. A. holiday B. morning
C. afternoon D. evening
解析：　根據上文I walked out at 11：00 p.m.可知，作者是在晚
上跑步。
18. A. changed B. decided
C. created D. discovered
解析：　根據下文可知，作者的這次跑步改變了他后來的人
生。
19. A. allowed B. encouraged
C. forced D. prevented
解析：　老板給每位員工發了一本《心靈雞湯》，自然是鼓勵
他們閱讀。
20. A. delighted B. disappointed
C. confused D. touched
解析：　作者對老板的舉動感到困惑——因為老板沒有給員工
發她最喜歡的商業圖書。
21. A. got B. took C. had D. hit
解析：　作者的許多同事在忙碌了一天之后都會去酒吧。hit the
bar是一個固定表達，表示“泡酒吧”。
22. A. deal with B. take over
C. go over D. turn down
解析：　作者將跑步看作應對壓力的方法。deal with應對；
處理。
23. A. Strangely B. Interestingly
C. Clearly D. Luckily
解析：　作者發現了跑步和讀書之間的相似之處，這自然是很
有趣的。
24. A. company B. restaurant
C. bar D. hotel
解析：　根據上文可知，作者在30歲生日前的那個晚上去了
酒吧。
25. A. formally B. completely
C. suddenly D. naturally
解析：　作者認為，從那天晚上開始，自己的人生被徹底改
變了。
26. A. decision B. belief C. hope D. idea
解析：　作者當時并不知道自己如何會將跑步變成自己的職
業。have no idea相當于don’t know。
27. A. though B. because C. if D. unless
解析：　本句表示作者當時的一種想法和假設，因此應選if。
28. A. happier B. busier
C. lonelier D. quicker
解析：　比起做自己不喜歡的工作，作者認為自己一定會更加
快樂和幸福。
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