資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
　　
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
1.　　　　　　 we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China.
2.　　　　　　 is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.
3.　　　　　　 will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
4.　　　　　　 made her happy was that she won the first prize in such an important match.
5.　　　　　　 wins the competition will receive a cash prize and a trophy.
6.It is still under discussion 　　　　　　the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel.
7.　　　　　　 I’m concerned about most is whether we can collect a huge amount of information in such a short time.
8.　　　　　　 some students copied others’ homework made the teacher angry.
9.It is a great pity 　　　　　　a famous host died of cancer at the age of fifty.
10.　　　　　　 he will come back from Canada isn’t known， so I will call him up to check the exact time.
維度二：語法與寫作
1.他們所做的事情深深地感動了我們，我們的淚水止不住地往下流。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，our tears rolling down without control.
2.更令人激動的是，你可以向這些專家學習并立刻創(chuàng)作自己的作品。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 is that you can learn from these experts and create your own works immediately.
3.你是否成功取決于你努力的程度。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 depends on how hard you work.
4.吃綠色蔬菜有助于增強體力，這一點已經(jīng)得到證實。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 eating green vegetables contributes to building up strength.
5.她在會上所說的話對公司的發(fā)展非常重要。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is of great importance to the development of the company.
6.我們能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題；這只是時間問題。
It is not a problem 　　　　　　　　　　　　； it’s just a matter of time.
7.他們什么時候動身以及要去哪里還沒定下來。
When they will start and where they will go 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
8.你將要來中國是很長時間以來我聽到的最好消息。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is the best news I have heard in a long time.
9.他突然想到他把手機落在了出租車上。
It suddenly occurred to him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
10.我們能夠做的和應(yīng)該做的就是要抓住機遇，加大創(chuàng)新投入。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is to seize opportunities， increase input in innovation.
維度三：語法與語篇
用適當?shù)倪B接詞完成下面短文。
It remains unknown 1.　　　　　　 organic food is really better for people.I have searched long and it’s hard to find the answer.But I couldn’t find any scientific studies to prove or disprove 2.　　　 organic food is better.3.　　　　　　 makes organic products popular is that they are free from the chemicals used on conventionally grown products.So， I turned my attention to these chemicals.Most reports claim 4.　　　　　　 these chemicals， if handled properly and used in small amounts， are not dangerous to humans.Although pesticides can be beneficial to society， they can also pose risks to human health and the environment if they are improperly handled.5.　　　　　　 children are easily harmed by pesticide exposure is widely accepted.The effects of exposure to pesticides include poisoning， eye damage and so on.
So， 6.　　　　　　 I’ve found is that there is no evidence that these chemicals can cause serious health problems when handled properly.There is no evidence that they can’t either.In fact， it is true 7.　　　　　　 we have to make our own decisions whether to buy organic food or not.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·南京高二下學期質(zhì)檢）When Marguerite Richards made a TikTok bragging （自夸） about her father’s decade-old thriller novel， she was hoping to arouse a little interest.A few dozen new readers， maybe.As the first few positive comments started rolling in， she was pleased to have done something nice for a dad who definitely deserved it.
She had no idea that， within a matter of days， millions of people would see her video， and her father’s book would rocket to the top of Amazon’s Best Seller list.
Lloyd Devereux Richards first published Stone Maidens in 2012.It’s a thriller about an FBI agent following a killer in Indiana and， by his daughter’s account， it’s quite attractive.However， the original release failed to drum up excitement.
It’s a different world now， and Richards， the daughter， decided to try her luck.“I saw how much time and effort and passion my dad put into his book.I know what a lovely storyteller he is，” she told CNN.“He never stopped writing， and he always stayed positive.”
Whether it was the interesting thriller， or the efforts of a proud daughter， the story of Lloyd Devereux Richards and Stone Maidens struck a chord.
Marguerite Richards posted the first TikTok about Stone Maidens about two weeks ago.It has since received 48 million views and numerous positive responses.Richards then posted more videos of her father， the author of the hour， delighting in his unexpected success.
This particular incident falls under a social media type best described as “Young people giving their elders love and recognition on a platform the latter doesn’t understand.” It’s a fruitful one， full of parents just like Lloyd Devereux Richards who wake up one morning to find their talents， hobbies or unusual habits have been broadcast to the world — and won them a great number of admirers.The experience has breathed new life into a labor of love.It’s also driven home some lessons about inspiration and determination.
1.What did Marguerite Richards do according to the text？
A.She helped her father to publish his novel.
B.She introduced her father on social media.
C.She wrote an interesting novel about her father.
D.She made a video to promote her father’s novel.
2.What do we learn about Stone Maidens？
A.It was an instant success.
B.It wasn’t interesting indeed.
C.It didn’t attract much attention at first.
D.It was written more than fifteen years ago.
3.What is the underlined phrase “struck a chord” in Paragraph 5 closest in meaning to？
A.Satisfied people’s needs.
B.Aroused people’s interest.
C.Made people feel confused.
D.Made people feel disappointed.
4.What do social media platforms mean to old people according to the last paragraph？
A.Great barriers.
B.Novel experiences.
C.Comfortable zones.
D.Unexpected surprises.
B
　　（2024·煙臺高二下學期月考）New York City is slowly sinking.With the weight of its tall buildings， streets and people， the city is sinking at an average rate of 1 to 2 millimeters each year， a new study says.
The sinking is called “subsidence”.That natural process happens everywhere as ground is compressed （壓縮）.More than 1 million buildings are spread across the city.The research team found that all those structures add up to about 1.5 trillion metric tons of concrete， metal and glass.That is equal to the mass of 4，700 Empire State buildings pressing down on the Earth.
The rate of compression is different throughout the city.Midtown Manhattan’s tall buildings， or skyscrapers， are largely built on rock， which compresses very little.But some parts of Brooklyn， Queens and downtown Manhattan are on looser soil and sinking faster， the study said.
“While the process is slow， parts of the city will eventually be under water，” said Tom Parsons， who is the lead researcher of the US Geological Survey.“Making the problem worse is rising sea level.The ground is going down， and the water’s coming up.At some point， those two levels will meet，” said Parsons.
It will take hundreds of years before New York becomes Venice.The city in Italy is famously sinking into the Adriatic Sea.But parts of New York are more at risk.Parsons said that Manhattan is at risk because of the large weight.The average elevation in the southern part of the island is only 1 or 2 meters above sea level — it is very close to the waterline， and so it is a deep concern.
The ocean is rising at a similar rate that the land is sinking， so the Earth’s changing climate could speed up the process for parts of the city to go under water.
“It doesn’t mean that we should stop building buildings ...，” Parsons said.“We need to point this out in advance and take preventive measures before it becomes a bigger problem.We can’t sit around and wait.”
5.Why does the author mention Empire State buildings in Paragraph 2？
A.To show sinking is a natural process.
B.To show sinking happens everywhere.
C.To show New York has many tall buildings.
D.To show New York is under great pressure.
6.What is worsening the situation according to Tom Parsons？
A.Rising sea level.
B.Being close to the sea.
C.Low average elevation.
D.Large weight on ground.
7.What’s Tom Parsons’s attitude to Manhattan？
A.Unclear. B.Worried.
C.Confident. D.Disappointed.
8.What’s the purpose of Tom Parsons’s words in the last paragraph？
A.To make a request.
B.To issue a warning.
C.To appeal for action.
D.To provide a solution.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　（2024·鄭州高二上學期期末考試）The average American couple spends 132 hours a year deciding what to eat， new data reveals.The question “What should we eat？” can be a difficult one for every couple looking to satisfy their appetite.
According to a new survey of 2，000 people， 37 percent of couples regularly have a hard time agreeing on where to eat.　9　 The question “What do you want to eat？” is asked 365 times a year （6.67 times a week for the average couple） — resulting in 2 hours and 32 minutes a week of discussing on what type of meal to eat.
About 11 percent say they never disagree on what type of food to have or when.　10　 When they can’t come to an agreement， men are more likely to settle for whatever their partner wants， according to results.　11　 About 46 percent of survey respondents say that’s the meal they debate about the most.
　12　 About a third （31 percent） say their partner frequently claims not to be hungry， then takes food from their plate.That may seem like no problem to most， but about 18 percent are annoyed about sharing food with their partner.
　13　 Most （69 percent） don’t like to keep going to the same familiar restaurant and are regularly interested in trying new places and different types of food.
A.Many couples choose to cook at home.
B.And just a few （13 percent） say this isn’t a problem.
C.Dinner proves to be the most controversial meal time.
D.And deciding on a meal is not the end of the food fight.
E.The average couple goes out to eat four times a month.
F.Actually， deciding where to eat isn’t a question for many couples.
G.But for the majority of survey takers， things don’t always work out so smoothly.
9.　 　　　　　10.　　　　　　11.　　　　
12.　　　 13.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·湖州高二上學期期末考試）Anna Du grew up with a hunger for knowledge and a passion for making the Earth a better place.Now， at just 16 years old， she’s already making 　14　 contributions to help reduce microplastic pollution！
　　It all started when her parents would regularly get her 　15　 in after-school activities on weekends when she was just a child.Here， she learned all about the STEM industry and discovered she is good at 　16　 great ideas and putting them into practice.
　　Growing up， she used her 　17　 to enter all kinds of science fairs and competitions， 　18　 herself the title of top-rated female middle schooler in science fairs in the country.One of her biggest 　19　， however， has to be the remote-operated vehicle （ROV）.
　　　20　 by the Curiosity lander that investigates the surface of Mars， Anna made a 　21　 version out of PVC pipes.But rather than being built for 　22　， hers was built with propellers to move through water， something that’s badly needed to scan the ocean floors.
　　Most 　23　， with an infrared （紅外線的） camera and three different kinds of light， the ROV is able to 　24　 between plastics and plant life.
　　“My most recent work that I’ve done is I’ve 　25　 a robot that uses artificial intelligence in order to actually predict where the microplastics are 　26　，” Anna said.
　　With 8 million tons of plastic being dumped into the ocean annually， the work Anna is doing has the 　27　 to greatly improve the conditions of our waters and， in turn， our 　28　 of life.
14.A.formal　　　　 　　B.serious
C.incredible D.regular
15.A.remained B.devoted
C.involved D.caught
16.A.coming up with B.making use of
C.looking up to D.running out of
17.A.hobbies B.talents
C.titles D.scores
18.A.offering B.giving
C.leaving D.earning
19.A.contributions B.moments
C.experiences D.opportunities
20.A.Moved B.Affected
C.Changed D.Inspired
21.A.similar B.normal
C.basic D.typical
22.A.nature B.space
C.land D.ocean
23.A.hopefully B.strangely
C.importantly D.commonly
24.A.decide B.distinguish
C.separate D.predict
25.A.imagined B.achieved
C.realised D.created
26.A.produced B.contained
C.developed D.located
27.A.potential　B.ability　C.chance　D.fortune
28.A.concept B.attitude C.quality D.position
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Although campuses 　29　 （encourage） to lift pandemic-related restrictions on public access more than a year ago， some universities still have limits in place while others have thrown their gates open to the public.
　　The different approaches to campus access have sparked fierce online debate， 　30　 many arguing that universities have a responsibility to interact with the public and share their facilities.However， other netizens believe some controls are necessary 　31　 （ensure） the smooth running and security of the institutions.
　　Xiong Bingqi， director of the 21st Century Education Research Institute， said a “　32　 （suit） degree of openness” should be balanced with maintaining 　33　 healthy learning environment and the orderly operations of universities.
　　Although the majority of public opinion seems to support opening public access to university campuses， some people are worried about order and management 　34　（issue）.Concerns have also been raised 　35　 “scalpers （黃牛）” might turn limited entry into a “business”， which could pose a threat to campus security.
　　Many supporters of fully reopening campuses often compare the situation in China with Western countries 　36　 most universities are described as having no walls or gates.
　　Xiong said although the public has free access to some universities in the United States and European countries， the degree of openness 　37　 （vary） according to the circumstances.
　　While institutions allow visitors to enter their campuses， restrictions remain on getting into teaching buildings and facilities such as libraries and laboratories.An entry card is usually needed to gain access to these places， 　38　 （strike） a balance between an open campus and maintaining orderly education.
29.　　　　　　30.　　　　　　31.　　　　
32.　　　 33.　　　 34.　　　
35.　　　 36.　　　 37.　　　
38.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.Whether　2.It　3.Who　4.What　5.Whoever
6.whether　7.What　8.That　9.that　10.When
維度二
1.What they had done deeply moved us
2.What is more exciting
3.Whether you can succeed or not
4.It has been proved that
5.What she said at the meeting
6.whether we can win the battle
7.have not been decided yet
8.That you are coming to China
9.that he had left his mobile on the taxi
10.What we can and should do
維度三
1.whether　2.that　3.What　4.that　5.That　6.what　7.that
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。當身為女兒的Marguerite Richards將父親十多年前出版的小說發(fā)布到抖音平臺時，她收獲了意想不到的巨大成功。
1.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一、二段可知，Marguerite Richards將一段關(guān)于自己父親小說的視頻上傳到抖音平臺，結(jié)果獲得了非常熱烈的反響。
2.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，Stone Maidens這部小說是Marguerite Richards的父親于2012年出版的，情節(jié)很吸引人，但是剛開始沒有獲得太多的關(guān)注。
3.B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文可知，Marguerite Richards所發(fā)布的視頻已獲得4，800萬次觀看和無數(shù)的好評，可見她的視頻內(nèi)容“引起了廣大網(wǎng)友的共鳴和興趣”。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者認為，Marguerite Richards通過抖音平臺將父親變身為暢銷書作家這一事件，一方面表達了年輕人對老年人的關(guān)愛，另一方面表明社交媒體可以給老年人帶來意想不到的驚喜。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項新研究表明，由于高層建筑、街道和人口的重量，紐約市正以平均每年1到2毫米的速度下沉。
5.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，在紐約市有100多萬幢建筑遍布整個城市，所有這些建筑加起來大約有1.5萬億公噸的混凝土、金屬和玻璃，這相當于4，700座帝國大廈壓在地球上。由此可知，作者提到帝國大廈是在說明紐約市地面承受了巨大的壓力。
6.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，Tom Parsons認為，讓目前形勢進一步惡化的是海平面的上升。
7.B　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段可知，Tom Parsons認為，曼哈頓島南部的平均海拔高度僅高于海平面1或2米，非常接近吃水線，因此令人深感擔憂。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Tom Parsons強調(diào)：我們需要先認識到問題所在并采取措施防患于未然，不能坐以待斃。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項數(shù)據(jù)顯示，一對美國夫婦每年平均花費132小時討論該吃什么飯。
9.B　根據(jù)上下文可知，這里在介紹該調(diào)查的一些具體數(shù)據(jù)，故B項符合語境。
10.G　上句告訴我們：有11％的夫婦聲稱從來不會遇到這方面的分歧，而G項指出對大部分接受調(diào)查者而言，這的確是一個大問題。
11.C　下文的that’s the meal暗示上句提到了“一餐飯”，故C項符合語境。
12.D　下文介紹了關(guān)于吃飯問題美國夫婦之間發(fā)生的另一種沖突，故D項符合語境。
13.E　根據(jù)下文可知，本段主要介紹美國夫婦外出就餐的情況，故E項符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Anna Du帶著對知識的渴望和讓地球變得更美好的熱情長大。現(xiàn)在，年僅16歲的她已經(jīng)為減少微塑料污染做出了了不起的貢獻！
14.C　根據(jù)下文可知，Anna Du已經(jīng)有一些很棒的發(fā)明，對社會做出了很多了不起的貢獻。incredible不可思議的；了不起的。
15.C　Anna Du對社會的貢獻源于她父母經(jīng)常讓她參與的課外活動。be involved in參與。
16.A　根據(jù)下文putting them into practice可知，她善于想出好點子。come up with想出。
17.B　長大后，Anna Du利用自己的才能參加了各種科學展覽和競賽，贏得了“全國科學展覽優(yōu)秀女中學生”的稱號。
18.D　參見上題解析。
19.A　下文的the remote-operated vehicle是Anna Du所做出的重大發(fā)明和貢獻之一。
20.D　下文的the Curiosity lander是一種火星探測器，受到此探測器的啟發(fā)，Anna Du做出了新發(fā)明。
21.A　Anna Du用PVC管做出了一個類似的版本。下文的But暗示她的發(fā)明跟火星探測器既有類似之處，又有很大的不同。
22.B　上文提到的火星探測器是用于太空的，但她的發(fā)明不是用于太空的，而是用螺旋槳在水中移動，這是掃描海底所急需的。
23.C　最重要的是，通過一個紅外線攝像機和三種不同的光源，ROV能夠區(qū)分塑料和海底植物。
24.B　參見上題解析。distinguish between ...and ...是一個固定表達，表示“區(qū)分……與……”。
25.D　下文提到的機器人是Anna Du創(chuàng)造的另一個發(fā)明。
26.D　這個機器人可以利用人工智能來預(yù)測微塑料的位置。第一段指出Anna Du的發(fā)明就是為了清除海里的微塑料，所以要先確定微塑料的位置。
27.A　作者認為，Anna Du所做的工作有可能極大地改善我們的水域條件，進而改善我們的生活質(zhì)量。potential潛在的可能性。
28.C　參見上題解析。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。大學校園是否應(yīng)該對外開放，人們對此有不同的意見。
29.were encouraged　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本句時間狀語為a year ago，且表示大學校園被鼓勵解除進入校園的限制，因此應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
30.with　考查介詞。這里是“with＋名詞/代詞＋動詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種補充說明或伴隨情況。
31.to ensure　考查非謂語動詞。這里表示大學校園需要一些管控措施的目的是確保機構(gòu)的正常運行和安全，因此應(yīng)用動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
32.suitable　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空后面的degree是一個名詞，因此應(yīng)用形容詞來作其定語。
33.a　考查冠詞。a healthy learning environment表示“一個健康的學習環(huán)境”。
34.issues　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)語境可知，這里指“各種秩序與管理問題”，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞issue的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
35.that　考查同位語從句。本空后面的“scalpers （黃牛）” might turn limited entry into a “business”是前面名詞Concerns的具體內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用that引導一個同位語從句。
36.where　考查定語從句。本空前的先行詞Western countries表示地點，且引導后面定語從句的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，因此應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。
37.varies　考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上文although the public has free access to some universities可知，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
38.striking　考查非謂語動詞。本句逗號前面是一個意義相對完整的句子，逗號后面部分是一種補充說明，且表示主動概念，因此應(yīng)用動詞-ing形式作狀語。
1 / 3Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
主語從句
1.However， what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
3.However， whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
4.Today， it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains ...
5.What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.以上黑體部分均在句中作　　　　。
2.句1和句5中的what在從句中作　　　　。
3.句3中的whether意為“　　　　”。
4.句4中的it是　　　　　　，真正的主語是后面的　　　　　　引導的從句。
5.句2中的how在從句中作　　　　。
一、主語從句的定義
在主從復(fù)合句中用作主語的從句叫作主語從句。
Every year， whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年，誰做的風箏最漂亮，誰就會在風箏節(jié)上獲獎。
It worried the mother that her son was always playing computer games.
兒子總是玩電腦游戲，這位母親對此很擔心。
二、主語從句的引導詞
1.連詞that和whether
（1）that在從句中不充當任何句子成分，本身無任何意義，只起連接作用，但不可省略。
That we should develop a healthy lifestyle is crucial.
我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式，這很重要。
（2）whether在從句中不充當任何句子成分，起連接作用，意為“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.
這個計劃是否會實施還不知道。
名師點津
　　whether引導主語從句時，既可直接位于句首，也可以位于句末。
【即時演練1】　完成句子
①她能來幫助我們使我們很高興。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 made us very happy.
②她來不來都關(guān)系不大。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 doesn’t matter too much.
2.連接代詞（who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which、 whatever、 whichever、 whoever、 whomever等）
連接代詞引導主語從句，在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語或定語。
Who will win the game is difficult to guess， because the two players are equal with each other.
誰會贏得比賽很難猜測，因為這兩位選手平分秋色。
Whoever shows great interest in cycling is qualified to participate in the competition.
無論誰對騎行感興趣都有資格參加比賽。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
你在業(yè)余時間做任何事情都不應(yīng)該傷害其他人。
名師點津
　　who 引導的主語從句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引導的主語從句指“人”。
3.連接副詞（when、 where、 why、 how等）
連接副詞引導主語從句并在從句中作狀語。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
這件事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
延遲的航班什么時候起飛主要取決于天氣狀況。
Where I spend my summer vacation is none of your business.
我在哪里度暑假不關(guān)你的事。
【即時演練2】　用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空
①For example， 　　　　　　breaks the traffic rules should be punished.
②　　　　　　 people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature.
③　　　　　　 part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
④Exactly 　　　　　　the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain， but it was probably around 1565.
⑤In my opinion， 　　　　　　benefits students most is reading English books， for it can help students gain a deeper understanding of English.
三、it作形式主語的主語從句
為了避免主語顯得過長，尤其是陳述句作主語從句時，可以用it作句子的形式主語，把主語從句移到句子的末尾。it作形式主語時常用于以下句型：
句型 說明
It＋系動詞＋形容詞＋主語從句 常用于此句型的形容詞有important、 （un）likely、 possible、 wrong、 natural、 necessary等
It＋系動詞＋名詞（短語）＋主語從句 常用于此句型的名詞（短語）有a fact、 an idea、 an honour、 a wonder、 no wonder、 a pity等
It＋系動詞＋過去分詞＋主語從句 常用于此句型的過去分詞有known、 believed、 proved、 said、 decided、 suggested、 thought等
It＋不及物動詞＋主語從句 常用于此句型的不及物動詞有appear、 happen、 seem、 occur、 matter等
It is very important that students （should） learn English well.
學生們學好英語很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.
有人建議會議延期召開。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.
他們今天是否去購物還得看天氣情況。
For example， it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.
舉例來說，中國人口比世界上其他任何國家的人口都多，這是可以得到證實的。
It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
難怪你的學生們進步這么大。
【即時演練3】　句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
→　　　　　　　　　　　 he suddenly fell ill last month.
②Whether they will sell the house hasn’t been decided yet.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 they will sell the house.
③That English is the most widely used language in the world is known to all.
→　　　　　　　　　　 that English is the most widely used language in the world.
四、主語從句的語序和時態(tài)問題
1.主語從句和其他名詞性從句一樣必須使用陳述語序，尤其是當主語從句是疑問詞引導的時候，主語從句的語序仍須使用陳述語序。
Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他將和誰一起去北京還不知道。
2.主語從句的時態(tài)需要根據(jù)具體語境來確定，尤其是當when引導主語從句的時候，有些同學會和when引導的時間狀語從句混淆而誤用現(xiàn)在時表將來。
When he will come back is still unclear.
他什么時候回來還不清楚。
【即時演練4】　單句語法填空
①What surprised me most 　　　　　　（be） that he failed in the exam which was very easy.
②It has been found 　　　　　　plastics can be widely used in industries.
③When and where the meeting will be held 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（decide） already.
五、主語從句作主語時謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
主語從句作主語相當于名詞，和非謂語動詞的動詞-ing形式或者動詞不定式作主語一樣看作單數(shù)，句子謂語應(yīng)該使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.
你不喜歡他不關(guān)我的事。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
醫(yī)生們真正懷疑的是我媽媽是否不久就能從這場重病中恢復(fù)過來。
What are often regarded as poisonous fungi are sometimes safely edible.
通常被認為有毒的真菌有時可以安全食用。
【即時演練5】　單句語法填空
①Whether it will do us harm or good 　　　　（remain） to be seen.
②What are used as chief building materials today 　　　　　　（be） steel and concrete.
③What makes it different from others 　　　　　　（be） that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertiliser.
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.主語　2.主語　3.是否　4.形式主語　that　5.狀語
即時演練1
①That she could come to help us
②Whether she comes or not
即時演練2
①whoever　②That　③Which　④when　⑤what
即時演練3
①It surprised us that　②It hasn’t been decided yet whether　③It is known to all
即時演練4
①was　②that　③has been decided
即時演練5
①remains　②are　③is
1 / 3(共78張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Learning About Language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
主語從句
1. However， what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor
harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
3. However， whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-
pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
4. Today， it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice
consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s
hybrid strains ...
5. What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing
ability to fulfil his dreams.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 以上黑體部分均在句中作 。
2. 句1和句5中的what在從句中作 。
3. 句3中的whether意為“ ”。
4. 句4中的it是 ，真正的主語是后面的 引導
的從句。
5. 句2中的how在從句中作 。
主語　
主語　
是否　
形式主語　
that　
狀語　
一、主語從句的定義
在主從復(fù)合句中用作主語的從句叫作主語從句。
Every year， whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the
Kite Festival.
每年，誰做的風箏最漂亮，誰就會在風箏節(jié)上獲獎。
It worried the mother that her son was always playing computer games.
兒子總是玩電腦游戲，這位母親對此很擔心。
二、主語從句的引導詞
1. 連詞that和whether
（1）that在從句中不充當任何句子成分，本身無任何意義，只起連
接作用，但不可省略。
That we should develop a healthy lifestyle is crucial.
我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式，這很重要。
（2）whether在從句中不充當任何句子成分，起連接作用，意為
“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.
這個計劃是否會實施還不知道。
名師點津
　　whether引導主語從句時，既可直接位于句首，也可以位于句末。
【即時演練1】　完成句子
①她能來幫助我們使我們很高興。
made us very happy.
②她來不來都關(guān)系不大。
doesn’t matter too much.
That she could come to help us　
Whether she comes or not　
2. 連接代詞（who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which、 whatever、
whichever、 whoever、 whomever等）
連接代詞引導主語從句，在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語或
定語。
Who will win the game is difficult to guess， because the two players
are equal with each other.
誰會贏得比賽很難猜測，因為這兩位選手平分秋色。
Whoever shows great interest in cycling is qualified to participate in
the competition.
無論誰對騎行感興趣都有資格參加比賽。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
你在業(yè)余時間做任何事情都不應(yīng)該傷害其他人。
名師點津
　　who 引導的主語從句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引導的主語
從句指“人”。
3. 連接副詞（when、 where、 why、 how等）
連接副詞引導主語從句并在從句中作狀語。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
這件事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
延遲的航班什么時候起飛主要取決于天氣狀況。
Where I spend my summer vacation is none of your business.
我在哪里度暑假不關(guān)你的事。
【即時演練2】　用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空
①For example， breaks the traffic rules should be punished.
② people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of
nature.
③ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
④Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，
but it was probably around 1565.
⑤In my opinion， benefits students most is reading English
books， for it can help students gain a deeper understanding of English.
whoever　
That　
Which　
when　
what　
三、it作形式主語的主語從句
為了避免主語顯得過長，尤其是陳述句作主語從句時，可以用it作句
子的形式主語，把主語從句移到句子的末尾。it作形式主語時常用于
以下句型：
句型 說明
It＋系動詞＋形容詞＋主
語從句 常用于此句型的形容詞有important、
（un）likely、 possible、 wrong、
natural、 necessary等
句型 說明
It＋系動詞＋名詞（短
語）＋主語從句 常用于此句型的名詞（短語）有a fact、
an idea、 an honour、 a wonder、 no
wonder、 a pity等
It＋系動詞＋過去分詞＋
主語從句 常用于此句型的過去分詞有known、
believed、 proved、 said、 decided、
suggested、 thought等
It＋不及物動詞＋主語從
句 常用于此句型的不及物動詞有appear、
happen、 seem、 occur、 matter等
It is very important that students （should） learn English well.
學生們學好英語很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.
有人建議會議延期召開。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.
他們今天是否去購物還得看天氣情況。
For example， it can be proved that China has more people than any other
country in the world.
舉例來說，中國人口比世界上其他任何國家的人口都多，這是可以得
到證實的。
It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
難怪你的學生們進步這么大。
【即時演練3】　句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
→ he suddenly fell ill last month.
②Whether they will sell the house hasn’t been decided yet.
→ they will sell the house.
③That English is the most widely used language in the world is known to
all.
→ that English is the most widely used language in
the world.
It surprised us that　
It hasn’t been decided yet whether　
It is known to all　
四、主語從句的語序和時態(tài)問題
1. 主語從句和其他名詞性從句一樣必須使用陳述語序，尤其是當主語
從句是疑問詞引導的時候，主語從句的語序仍須使用陳述語序。
Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他將和誰一起去北京還不知道。
2. 主語從句的時態(tài)需要根據(jù)具體語境來確定，尤其是當when引導主語
從句的時候，有些同學會和when引導的時間狀語從句混淆而誤用現(xiàn)
在時表將來。
When he will come back is still unclear.
他什么時候回來還不清楚。
【即時演練4】　單句語法填空
①What surprised me most （be） that he failed in the exam
which was very easy.
②It has been found plastics can be widely used in industries.
③When and where the meeting will be held
（decide） already.
was　
that　
has been decided　
五、主語從句作主語時謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
主語從句作主語相當于名詞，和非謂語動詞的動詞-ing形式或者動詞
不定式作主語一樣看作單數(shù)，句子謂語應(yīng)該使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)
數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.
你不喜歡他不關(guān)我的事。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the
serious disease soon.
醫(yī)生們真正懷疑的是我媽媽是否不久就能從這場重病中恢復(fù)過來。
What are often regarded as poisonous fungi are sometimes safely edible.
通常被認為有毒的真菌有時可以安全食用。
【即時演練5】　單句語法填空
①Whether it will do us harm or good （remain） to be seen.
②What are used as chief building materials today （be） steel
and concrete.
③What makes it different from others （be） that the vegetables
here are grown without any chemical fertiliser.
remains　
are　
is　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養(yǎng)
2
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
1. we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a
heated topic in China.
2. is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.
3. will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
4. made her happy was that she won the first prize in such an
important match.
Whether　
It　
Who　
What　
5. wins the competition will receive a cash prize and a
trophy.
6. It is still under discussion the old bus station should be
replaced with a modern hotel.
7. I’m concerned about most is whether we can collect a huge
amount of information in such a short time.
8. some students copied others’ homework made the teacher
angry.
9. It is a great pity a famous host died of cancer at the age of fifty.
10. he will come back from Canada isn’t known， so I will call
him up to check the exact time.
Whoever　
whether　
What　
That　
that　
When　
維度二：語法與寫作
1. 他們所做的事情深深地感動了我們，我們的淚水止不住地往下流。
，our tears rolling down
without control.
2. 更令人激動的是，你可以向這些專家學習并立刻創(chuàng)作自己的作品。
is that you can learn from these experts and
create your own works immediately.
3. 你是否成功取決于你努力的程度。
depends on how hard you work.
What they had done deeply moved us　
What is more exciting　
Whether you can succeed or not　
4. 吃綠色蔬菜有助于增強體力，這一點已經(jīng)得到證實。
eating green vegetables contributes to
building up strength.
5. 她在會上所說的話對公司的發(fā)展非常重要。
is of great importance to the
development of the company.
6. 我們能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題；這只是時間問題。
It is not a problem ； it’s just a matter
of time.
It has been proved that　
What she said at the meeting　
whether we can win the battle　
7. 他們什么時候動身以及要去哪里還沒定下來。
When they will start and where they will go
.
8. 你將要來中國是很長時間以來我聽到的最好消息。
is the best news I have heard in a
long time.
9. 他突然想到他把手機落在了出租車上。
It suddenly occurred to him .
have not been decided
yet　
That you are coming to China　
that he had left his mobile on the taxi　
10. 我們能夠做的和應(yīng)該做的就是要抓住機遇，加大創(chuàng)新投入。
is to seize opportunities， increase
input in innovation.
What we can and should do　
維度三：語法與語篇
用適當?shù)倪B接詞完成下面短文。
It remains unknown 1. organic food is really better for
people.I have searched long and it’s hard to find the answer.But I couldn’t
find any scientific studies to prove or disprove 2. organic food is
better.3.
whether　
that　
makes organic products popular is that they are free from the
chemicals used on conventionally grown products.So， I turned my
attention to these chemicals.Most reports claim 4. these chemicals，
if handled properly and used in small amounts， are not dangerous to
humans.Although pesticides can be beneficial to society， they can also
pose risks to human health and the environment if they are improperly
handled.5. children are easily harmed by pesticide exposure is
widely accepted.The effects of exposure to pesticides include poisoning，
eye damage and so on.
What　
that　
That　
So， 6. I’ve found is that there is no evidence that these
chemicals can cause serious health problems when handled properly.There
is no evidence that they can’t either.In fact， it is true 7. we have
to make our own decisions whether to buy organic food or not.
what　
that　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·南京高二下學期質(zhì)檢）When Marguerite Richards made a
TikTok bragging （自夸） about her father’s decade-old thriller novel，
she was hoping to arouse a little interest.A few dozen new readers，
maybe.As the first few positive comments started rolling in， she was
pleased to have done something nice for a dad who definitely deserved it.
She had no idea that， within a matter of days， millions of people
would see her video， and her father’s book would rocket to the top of
Amazon’s Best Seller list.
Lloyd Devereux Richards first published Stone Maidens in 2012.It’s a
thriller about an FBI agent following a killer in Indiana and， by his
daughter’s account， it’s quite attractive.However， the original release
failed to drum up excitement.
It’s a different world now， and Richards， the daughter， decided
to try her luck.“I saw how much time and effort and passion my dad put
into his book.I know what a lovely storyteller he is，” she told CNN.
“He never stopped writing， and he always stayed positive.”
Whether it was the interesting thriller， or the efforts of a proud
daughter， the story of Lloyd Devereux Richards and Stone Maidens
struck a chord.
Marguerite Richards posted the first TikTok about Stone Maidens
about two weeks ago.It has since received 48 million views and numerous
positive responses.Richards then posted more videos of her father， the
author of the hour， delighting in his unexpected success.
This particular incident falls under a social media type best described
as “Young people giving their elders love and recognition on a platform
the latter doesn’t understand.” It’s a fruitful one， full of parents just like
Lloyd Devereux Richards who wake up one morning to find their talents，
hobbies or unusual habits have been broadcast to the world — and won
them a great number of admirers.The experience has breathed new life into
a labor of love.It’s also driven home some lessons about inspiration and
determination.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。當身為女兒的Marguerite Richards將
父親十多年前出版的小說發(fā)布到抖音平臺時，她收獲了意想不到的
巨大成功。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。當身為女兒的Marguerite Richards將
父親十多年前出版的小說發(fā)布到抖音平臺時，她收獲了意想不到的
巨大成功。
1. What did Marguerite Richards do according to the text？
A. She helped her father to publish his novel.
B. She introduced her father on social media.
C. She wrote an interesting novel about her father.
D. She made a video to promote her father’s novel.
解析： 　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一、二段可知，Marguerite Richards
將一段關(guān)于自己父親小說的視頻上傳到抖音平臺，結(jié)果獲得了非常
熱烈的反響。
2. What do we learn about Stone Maidens？
A. It was an instant success.
B. It wasn’t interesting indeed.
C. It didn’t attract much attention at first.
D. It was written more than fifteen years ago.
解析： 　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，Stone Maidens這部小說
是Marguerite Richards的父親于2012年出版的，情節(jié)很吸引人，但是
剛開始沒有獲得太多的關(guān)注。
3. What is the underlined phrase “struck a chord” in Paragraph 5 closest
in meaning to？
A. Satisfied people’s needs.
B. Aroused people’s interest.
C. Made people feel confused.
D. Made people feel disappointed.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文可知，Marguerite Richards所發(fā)布
的視頻已獲得4，800萬次觀看和無數(shù)的好評，可見她的視頻內(nèi)容
“引起了廣大網(wǎng)友的共鳴和興趣”。
4. What do social media platforms mean to old people according to the last
paragraph？
A. Great barriers. B. Novel experiences.
C. Comfortable zones. D. Unexpected surprises.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者認為，Marguerite
Richards通過抖音平臺將父親變身為暢銷書作家這一事件，一方面
表達了年輕人對老年人的關(guān)愛，另一方面表明社交媒體可以給老年
人帶來意想不到的驚喜。
B
　　（2024·煙臺高二下學期月考）New York City is slowly
sinking.With the weight of its tall buildings， streets and people， the city
is sinking at an average rate of 1 to 2 millimeters each year， a new study
says.
The sinking is called “subsidence”.That natural process happens
everywhere as ground is compressed （壓縮）.More than 1 million
buildings are spread across the city.The research team found that all those
structures add up to about 1.5 trillion metric tons of concrete， metal and
glass.That is equal to the mass of 4，700 Empire State buildings pressing
down on the Earth.
The rate of compression is different throughout the city.Midtown
Manhattan’s tall buildings， or skyscrapers， are largely built on rock，
which compresses very little.But some parts of Brooklyn， Queens and
downtown Manhattan are on looser soil and sinking faster， the study said.
“While the process is slow， parts of the city will eventually be
under water，” said Tom Parsons， who is the lead researcher of the US
Geological Survey.“Making the problem worse is rising sea level.The
ground is going down， and the water’s coming up.At some point， those
two levels will meet，” said Parsons.
It will take hundreds of years before New York becomes Venice.The
city in Italy is famously sinking into the Adriatic Sea.But parts of New
York are more at risk.Parsons said that Manhattan is at risk because of the
large weight.The average elevation in the southern part of the island is only
1 or 2 meters above sea level — it is very close to the waterline， and so it
is a deep concern.
The ocean is rising at a similar rate that the land is sinking， so the
Earth’s changing climate could speed up the process for parts of the city to
go under water.
“It doesn’t mean that we should stop building buildings ...，”
Parsons said.“We need to point this out in advance and take preventive
measures before it becomes a bigger problem.We can’t sit around and
wait.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項新研究表明，由于高層建筑、
街道和人口的重量，紐約市正以平均每年1到2毫米的速度下沉。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項新研究表明，由于高層建筑、
街道和人口的重量，紐約市正以平均每年1到2毫米的速度下沉。
5. Why does the author mention Empire State buildings in Paragraph 2？
A. To show sinking is a natural process.
B. To show sinking happens everywhere.
C. To show New York has many tall buildings.
D. To show New York is under great pressure.
解析： 　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，在紐約市有100多萬幢建
筑遍布整個城市，所有這些建筑加起來大約有1.5萬億公噸的混凝
土、金屬和玻璃，這相當于4，700座帝國大廈壓在地球上。由此可
知，作者提到帝國大廈是在說明紐約市地面承受了巨大的壓力。
6. What is worsening the situation according to Tom Parsons？
A. Rising sea level.
B. Being close to the sea.
C. Low average elevation.
D. Large weight on ground.
解析： 　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，Tom Parsons認為，讓目
前形勢進一步惡化的是海平面的上升。
7. What’s Tom Parsons’s attitude to Manhattan？
A. Unclear. B. Worried.
C. Confident. D. Disappointed.
解析： 　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段可知，Tom Parsons認為，曼哈
頓島南部的平均海拔高度僅高于海平面1或2米，非常接近吃水線，
因此令人深感擔憂。
8. What’s the purpose of Tom Parsons’s words in the last paragraph？
A. To make a request.
B. To issue a warning.
C. To appeal for action.
D. To provide a solution.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Tom Parsons強調(diào)：我
們需要先認識到問題所在并采取措施防患于未然，不能坐以待斃。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　（2024·鄭州高二上學期期末考試）The average American couple
spends 132 hours a year deciding what to eat， new data reveals.The
question “What should we eat？” can be a difficult one for every couple
looking to satisfy their appetite.
According to a new survey of 2，000 people， 37 percent of couples
regularly have a hard time agreeing on where to eat. 　9　 The question
“What do you want to eat？” is asked 365 times a year （6.67 times a
week for the average couple） — resulting in 2 hours and 32 minutes a
week of discussing on what type of meal to eat.
About 11 percent say they never disagree on what type of food to have
or when. 　10　 When they can’t come to an agreement， men are more
likely to settle for whatever their partner wants， according to
results. 　11　 About 46 percent of survey respondents say that’s the meal
they debate about the most.
　12　 About a third （31 percent） say their partner frequently
claims not to be hungry， then takes food from their plate.That may seem
like no problem to most， but about 18 percent are annoyed about sharing
food with their partner.
　13　 Most （69 percent） don’t like to keep going to the same
familiar restaurant and are regularly interested in trying new places and
different types of food.
A. Many couples choose to cook at home.
B. And just a few （13 percent） say this isn’t a problem.
C. Dinner proves to be the most controversial meal time.
D. And deciding on a meal is not the end of the food fight.
E. The average couple goes out to eat four times a month.
F. Actually， deciding where to eat isn’t a question for many couples.
G. But for the majority of survey takers， things don’t always work out so
smoothly.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項數(shù)據(jù)顯示，一對美國夫婦每年
平均花費132小時討論該吃什么飯。
9. B　根據(jù)上下文可知，這里在介紹該調(diào)查的一些具體數(shù)據(jù)，故B項
符合語境。
10. G　上句告訴我們：有11％的夫婦聲稱從來不會遇到這方面的分
歧，而G項指出對大部分接受調(diào)查者而言，這的確是一個大問題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項數(shù)據(jù)顯示，一對美國夫婦每年
平均花費132小時討論該吃什么飯。
11. C　下文的that’s the meal暗示上句提到了“一餐飯”，故C項符合
語境。
12. D　下文介紹了關(guān)于吃飯問題美國夫婦之間發(fā)生的另一種沖突，故
D項符合語境。
13. E　根據(jù)下文可知，本段主要介紹美國夫婦外出就餐的情況，故E
項符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·湖州高二上學期期末考試）Anna Du grew up with a hunger
for knowledge and a passion for making the Earth a better place.Now， at
just 16 years old， she’s already making 　14　 contributions to help
reduce microplastic pollution！
　　It all started when her parents would regularly get her 　15　 in after-
school activities on weekends when she was just a child.Here， she
learned all about the STEM industry and discovered she is good at 　16　
great ideas and putting them into practice.
　　Growing up， she used her 　17　 to enter all kinds of science fairs
and competitions， 　18　 herself the title of top-rated female middle
schooler in science fairs in the country.One of her biggest 　19　，
however， has to be the remote-operated vehicle （ROV）.
　　 　20　 by the Curiosity lander that investigates the surface of Mars，
Anna made a 　21　 version out of PVC pipes.But rather than being built
for 　22　， hers was built with propellers to move through water，
something that’s badly needed to scan the ocean floors.
　　Most 　23　， with an infrared （紅外線的） camera and three
different kinds of light， the ROV is able to 　24　 between plastics and
plant life.
　　“My most recent work that I’ve done is I’ve 　25　 a robot that uses
artificial intelligence in order to actually predict where the microplastics
are 　26　，” Anna said.
　　With 8 million tons of plastic being dumped into the ocean annually，
the work Anna is doing has the 　27　 to greatly improve the conditions of
our waters and， in turn， our 　28　 of life.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Anna Du帶著對知識的渴望和讓地球
變得更美好的熱情長大。現(xiàn)在，年僅16歲的她已經(jīng)為減少微塑料污
染做出了了不起的貢獻！
14. A. formal B. serious
C. incredible D. regular
解析： 　根據(jù)下文可知，Anna Du已經(jīng)有一些很棒的發(fā)明，對社
會做出了很多了不起的貢獻。incredible不可思議的；了不起的。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Anna Du帶著對知識的渴望和讓地球
變得更美好的熱情長大。現(xiàn)在，年僅16歲的她已經(jīng)為減少微塑料污
染做出了了不起的貢獻！
15. A. remained B. devoted
C. involved D. caught
解析： 　Anna Du對社會的貢獻源于她父母經(jīng)常讓她參與的課外
活動。be involved in參與。
16. A. coming up with B. making use of
C. looking up to D. running out of
解析： 　根據(jù)下文putting them into practice可知，她善于想出好
點子。come up with想出。
17. A. hobbies B. talents C. titles D. scores
解析： 　長大后，Anna Du利用自己的才能參加了各種科學展覽
和競賽，贏得了“全國科學展覽優(yōu)秀女中學生”的稱號。
18. A. offering B. giving
C. leaving D. earning
解析： 　參見上題解析。
19. A. contributions B. moments
C. experiences D. opportunities
解析： 　下文的the remote-operated vehicle是Anna Du所做出的重
大發(fā)明和貢獻之一。
20. A. Moved B. Affected
C. Changed D. Inspired
解析： 　下文的the Curiosity lander是一種火星探測器，受到此探
測器的啟發(fā)，Anna Du做出了新發(fā)明。
21. A. similar B. normal C. basic D. typical
解析： 　Anna Du用PVC管做出了一個類似的版本。下文的But暗
示她的發(fā)明跟火星探測器既有類似之處，又有很大的不同。
22. A. nature B. space C. land D. ocean
解析： 　上文提到的火星探測器是用于太空的，但她的發(fā)明
不是用于太空的，而是用螺旋槳在水中移動，這是掃描海底所
急需的。
23. A. hopefully B. strangely
C. importantly D. commonly
解析： 　最重要的是，通過一個紅外線攝像機和三種不同的光
源，ROV能夠區(qū)分塑料和海底植物。
24. A. decide B. distinguish
C. separate D. predict
解析： 　參見上題解析。distinguish between ...and ...是一個固定
表達，表示“區(qū)分……與……”。
25. A. imagined B. achieved
C. realised D. created
解析： 下文提到的機器人是Anna Du創(chuàng)造的另一個發(fā)明。
26. A. produced B. contained
C. developed D. located
解析： 　這個機器人可以利用人工智能來預(yù)測微塑料的位置。第
一段指出Anna Du的發(fā)明就是為了清除海里的微塑料，所以要先確
定微塑料的位置。
27. A. potential B. ability
C. chance D. fortune
解析： 　作者認為，Anna Du所做的工作有可能極大地改善我們
的水域條件，進而改善我們的生活質(zhì)量。potential潛在的可能性。
28. A. concept B. attitude
C. quality D. position
解析： 　參見上題解析。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Although campuses 　29　 （encourage） to lift pandemic-related
restrictions on public access more than a year ago， some universities still
have limits in place while others have thrown their gates open to the
public.
　　The different approaches to campus access have sparked fierce online
debate， 　30　 many arguing that universities have a responsibility to
interact with the public and share their facilities.However， other netizens
believe some controls are necessary 　31　 （ensure） the smooth
running and security of the institutions.
　　Xiong Bingqi， director of the 21st Century Education Research
Institute， said a “ 　32　 （suit） degree of openness” should be
balanced with maintaining 　33　 healthy learning environment and the
orderly operations of universities.
　　Although the majority of public opinion seems to support opening
public access to university campuses， some people are worried about
order and management 　34　（issue）.Concerns have also been
raised 　35　 “scalpers （黃牛）” might turn limited entry into a
“business”， which could pose a threat to campus security.
　　Many supporters of fully reopening campuses often compare the
situation in China with Western countries 　36　 most universities are
described as having no walls or gates.
　　Xiong said although the public has free access to some universities in
the United States and European countries， the degree of openness 　37　
（vary） according to the circumstances.
　　While institutions allow visitors to enter their campuses， restrictions
remain on getting into teaching buildings and facilities such as libraries and
laboratories.An entry card is usually needed to gain access to these
places， 　38　 （strike） a balance between an open campus and
maintaining orderly education.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。大學校園是否應(yīng)該對外開放，人們
對此有不同的意見。
29. were encouraged　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本句時間狀語為a year
ago，且表示大學校園被鼓勵解除進入校園的限制，因此應(yīng)用一般過
去時的被動語態(tài)。
30. with　考查介詞。這里是“with＋名詞/代詞＋動詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成
的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種補充說明或伴隨情況。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。大學校園是否應(yīng)該對外開放，人們
對此有不同的意見。
31. to ensure　考查非謂語動詞。這里表示大學校園需要一些管控措施
的目的是確保機構(gòu)的正常運行和安全，因此應(yīng)用動詞不定式短語作目
的狀語。
32. suitable　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空后面的degree是一個名詞，因此應(yīng)用
形容詞來作其定語。
33. a　考查冠詞。a healthy learning environment表示“一個健康的學
習環(huán)境”。
34. issues　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)語境可知，這里指“各種秩序與管理
問題”，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞issue的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
35. that　考查同位語從句。本空后面的“scalpers （黃牛）” might
turn limited entry into a “business”是前面名詞Concerns的具體內(nèi)容，
因此應(yīng)用that引導一個同位語從句。
36. where　考查定語從句。本空前的先行詞Western countries表示地
點，且引導后面定語從句的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，因此應(yīng)用關(guān)系副
詞where。
37. varies　考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上文although the public has free
access to some universities可知，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
38. striking　考查非謂語動詞。本句逗號前面是一個意義相對完整的
句子，逗號后面部分是一種補充說明，且表示主動概念，因此應(yīng)用動
詞-ing形式作狀語。
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