資源簡(jiǎn)介

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
　　
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
1.Covering an area of 20，546 square meters， it allows visitors to take a pleasant walk in the quiet and green forest， 　　　　　　includes many different kinds of trees.
2.When the freezing cold night fell， the visitors sat around the stage 　　　　　　the fire show was performed.
3.Don’t forget to show up at 5 p.m.， 　　　　　we gather to go back to school together at the entrance to the Cherry Blossom Garden.
4.Just 　　　　　　the old saying goes，“Each coin has two sides.”
5.China， 　　　　　　was founded in 1949， is becoming more and more powerful.
6.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， 　　　　　a conference was to be held.
7.There are two buildings， the larger of 　　　　　　　　stands nearly a hundred feet high.
8.Mr Smith， 　　　　　　native language is English， can speak Chinese fluently.
9.You have a full preparation before this event， 　　　　　　is the most important reason why you show up here.
10.As you know， we have the summer and winter vacation， 　　　　　　we can do whatever we like， such as traveling， writing and so on.
11.There are many interesting clubs， 　　　　　they can do what they want most， 　　　　　　makes them not tired of the learning.
12.We will always remember the moment 　　　　　　　　my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line.
維度二：語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作
1.我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你參加下周六在我們學(xué)校舉辦的音樂(lè)節(jié)。
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the music festival， 　　　　　　　.
2.我精通英語(yǔ)，這使我與外國(guó)人自由交談成為可能。
I have a good command of English， 　　　　　　
　　　　　　　.
3.我寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)我們學(xué)校英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)所提供的職位。
I’m writing to apply for the position 　　　　　　
　　　　　　　.
4.任何想要觀看電影的同學(xué)要求在下午兩點(diǎn)之前到達(dá)。
Those 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　are required to arrive before two in the afternoon.
5.我建議你申請(qǐng)北京大學(xué)，它是中國(guó)最好的大學(xué)之一。
I suggest that you apply for Peking University， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.我想向你推薦京劇俱樂(lè)部，我相信你可以從中學(xué)到很多。
I’d like to recommend Peking Opera Club to you， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
7.我們學(xué)校里的老師大多數(shù)都是三十多歲，他們把一切都奉獻(xiàn)給了我們。
The teachers of our school， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， have devoted themselves to us.
8.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在9月份舉行，那時(shí)候天氣就沒(méi)有這么熱了。
The sports meeting will be held in September， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
維度三：句型轉(zhuǎn)換
　　用定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)下列句子。
1.The novelist got hurt in the accident and it made his wife so worried.
→The novelist got hurt in the accident， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.I have a friend and his son was admitted to Peking University last year.
→I have a friend， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we shall have our final exam next month.
4.We walked down the village street and people were having a market day there.
→We walked down the village street， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.The little boys were cleaning the windows and most of them were dirty.
→The little boys were cleaning the windows， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
維度四：語(yǔ)法與語(yǔ)篇
　　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞完成下面短文。
Nat， 1.　　　　　　 was ten years old， lived in a small town in England， but one day he decided to go to Spain， 2.　　　　　　 all his friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid， 3.　　　　　　 is the capital of Spain， and stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning， he went out for a walk.In England， people drive on the left.But in Spain， they drive on the right， 4.　　　　　　 he forgot.While he was walking along a busy street， a bike 5.　　　　　　 came before him knocked him down.Nat was sent to the hospital.After two days， Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 6.　　　　　 he stayed in Spain.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·蘭州高二下學(xué)期質(zhì)檢）This year， it was harder than ever to get into Harvard University.The prestigious college announced their lowest acceptance rate ever， welcoming only 1，968 of 57，435 first-year applicants into their hallowed halls.Thanks to Abigail Mack’s moving， insightful essay， she will be one of the lucky students to matriculate this fall.
The Massachusetts high school senior used TikTok to share a part of the essay that made her one of the 4 percent of applicants who made the cut.Her paper focused on an unusual theme： the letter “S”.
“I hate the letter ‘S’，” she read aloud on TikTok.“Of the 164，777 words with ‘S’， I only struggle with one.To condemn an entire letter because of its use 0.0006 percent of the time sounds statistically absurd， but that one case changed 100 percent of my life.I used to have two parents， but now I have one， and the ‘S’ in ‘parents’ isn’t going anywhere.”
“‘S’ follows me，” she continued.“I can’t get through a day without being reminded that while my friends went out to dinner with their parents， I ate with my parent.As I write this essay， there is a blue line under the word ‘parent’ telling me to check my grammar； even Grammarly assumes that I should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen to edit suggestions.”
She went on to explain that she fled that dreaded letter by throwing herself into school activities.She joined clubs， sports， and performed in theatrical productions， all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her mom.Eventually， she realized she was hiding from her pain and decided to face it head-on.She took over the “S” for her own purposes.Now， instead of thinking about the “S” in parents， she concentrates on the double “S” in passion.
Abigail’s essay earned her a spot at several top colleges and she has officially been accepted into the class of 2025 in Harvard.In the meantime， her essay has gone viral with over 16 million views！
1.What did the letter “S” mean to Abigail Mack？
A.A terrible failure.
B.A special challenge.
C.An unfortunate fact.
D.A painful experience.
2.What can we infer from Paragraphs 4 and 5 about Abigail Mack？
A.She isn’t good at typing.
B.She has poor grammar.
C.Her father has got cancer.
D.Her mother has passed away.
3.How did Abigail Mack deal with her situation？
A.By writing some essays.
B.By reading some books.
C.By engaging in various activities.
D.By taking part in competitions.
4.What would be the best title for the text？
A.Teen’s Special Feeling for the Letter “S”
B.Teen’s Essay Won Great Popularity Online
C.Teen’s Secret to Achieve Academic Success
D.Teen Got Admitted to Harvard for Her Essay
B
　　（2024·濟(jì)寧高二下學(xué)期月考）Do you believe that most people are greedy or generous？ It is easy to come up with examples of stories that could support either conclusion if we are relying on our memories or on our gut.
Recently， a team of researchers sought to investigate this question in partnership with the TED organization.TED generously gave away $10，000 each to 200 lucky individuals （yes， you read that correctly）， which essentially means these participants won a lottery （besides being asked to spend all the money in three months rather than save it）.These participants were from three low-income countries （Indonesia， Brazil， Kenya） and four high-income countries （Australia， Canada， UK， USA）.Over the next three months， participants were asked to track their spending to examine how generously versus selfishly this money was spent.They reported their spending to the researchers a few months later.
Of the $10，000 participants received， they spent $6，431 on other people.To be clear， this also included certain behaviours in which the participants themselves benefitted personally （such as taking their friends out to dinner or paying for a family vacation）.But still， people are very generous.Participants gave away $1，697 strictly to charity or non-profit organizations.
The researchers expected that if people publicly shared how they spent their money， they would be more generous.To check if this was correct， they asked half of the participants to post on Twitter about how they spent the money.The other half was asked to keep their spending “private”.
Surprisingly， the researchers saw that “generous spending was similar” between Twitter and private groups.The mini lottery winners were no more or less generous depending on whether they posted their spending on Twitter versus kept it to themselves.The authors admitted they expected the Twitter group to spend more generously， but this prediction was not supported by the data.People did not need to have their spending shown publicly to behave generously.
5.What’s the purpose of the team of researchers？
A.To confirm a scientific theory.
B.To research into human nature.
C.To analyse people’s economic behaviour.
D.To understand people’s spending habits.
6.What do we know about the study conducted by the TED organization？
A.It cost about one million dollars.
B.It focused on low-income people.
C.The participants were required to report their spending.
D.The participants could spend the money without restriction.
7.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A.People’s sharing how they spent.
B.People’s keeping their spending private.
C.People’s being more selfish in private.
D.People’s being more generous in public.
8.What does the author intend to tell us by writing the text？
A.Humans are fundamentally generous.
B.Money that is easily got will be spent soon.
C.Sharing spending online makes people generous.
D.People prefer to keep their spending to themselves.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　（2024·鄭州高二上學(xué)期期末考試）How long does it take to become an expert in your field？　9　？ That’s what John Hayes， a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University， wanted to know.
For decades， Hayes has been investigating the role of effort， practice， and knowledge in top performers.　10　 — people like Mozart and Picasso — to determine how long it took them to become world class at their craft.
Let’s talk about what Hayes has discovered about world class performers.And more importantly， let’s discuss how you can use these insights to achieve your goals and become your best.
　11　.He analysed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685 to 1900.The central question that drove his work was，“How long after one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world class？”
Eventually， Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of “masterworks”， which were created by a total of 76 composers.　12　.And then he calculated how long they had been working before they created their popular works.What he discovered was that virtually every single “masterwork” was written after year ten of the composer’s career.
　13　.Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular.Professor Hayes began to refer to this period， which was filled with hard work and little recognition， as the “ten years of silence”.
In follow-up studies， Hayes found similar patterns among famous painters and popular poets.These findings have been further confirmed by research from professors like K.Anders Ericsson， who produced research that revealed that you needed to put in “10，000 hours” to become an expert in your field.
A.It takes time to achieve your goal
B.And what do people like doing in their spare time
C.He has studied the most talented creators in history
D.Hayes started his research by examining successful composers
E.Next， Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer’s career
F.And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us
G.Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a decade of practice first
9.　 　　　　　10.　　　　　　11.　　　　
12.　　　 13.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·無(wú)錫高二上學(xué)期期末考試）A self-taught painter in Chongqing who spent four years creating 100 illustrations of 100 cities in China， has attracted a lot of attention online.
Pu Zhen， who was born in Chongqing in 1993， 　14　 in animation design at college.He started teaching himself painting nine years ago.“The most difficult part is to 　15　 my own painting style through 　16　 practice，” he said.
In 2018， 　17　 by an old notebook he had filled with the names of Chinese cities， he 　18　 the idea of doing a unique illustration for each.“I just 　19　 my inspiration in creating the city series.Each illustration 　20　 a city’s typical features，” he said.
The creative 　21　 of the main elements of each city are 　22　， some are mountains， rivers， and iconic buildings， and some are cultural legends.However， they all have the moon as a common image.
“The biggest 　23　 is myself，” said Pu， adding that during the time-consuming 　24　， he had to overcome loneliness and inner-conflicts.“But I do feel 　25　 that my works are acknowledged by many fans online.Traditional Chinese city 　26　 are always worth passing on.”
Not only are Pu’s paintings well 　27　 online， but the netizens are eager to appreciate more.　28　， everyone wants to see their hometowns painted by Pu Zhen.In the future， Pu plans to travel around the country and create illustrations for more cities.
14.A.studied　　　　　　　B.majored
C.worked D.researched
15.A.figure out B.go over
C.make up D.turn down
16.A.casual B.constant
C.formal D.random
17.A.moved B.encouraged
C.taught D.inspired
18.A.put up with B.came up with
C.took care of D.made use of
19.A.invented B.followed
C.imagined D.discovered
20.A.determines B.suggests
C.reflects D.impresses
21.A.sources B.stories
C.messages D.materials
22.A.stable B.similar
C.obvious D.different
23.A.challenge B.honour
C.improvement D.victory
24.A.course B.process
C.moment D.stage
25.A.surprised B.confused
C.delighted D.touched
26.A.cultures B.policies
C.systems D.values
27.A.judged B.commented
C.accepted D.received
28.A.Undoubtedly B.Eventually
C.Hopefully D.Generally
Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空
　　In a refreshing shift from conventional methods， some post-90 teachers in China are using memes （表情包）， cute comments， and personalized feedback in their grading practices， 　29　（receive） praise from parents and students alike.This innovative approach in education is reshaping the way students receive feedback on 　30　（they） exams and assignments， making the learning process more engaging and enjoyable.
Gone are the days of impersonal and serious 　31　（comment）.Teachers are now using more conversational language in their evaluations， addressing students as “you” or “dear” instead of the formal “the student”.
The use of memes and hand-drawn images in marking papers 　32　（be） not just about adding a touch of fun； it serves as a motivational tool for students.This trend has caught the attention of the online community， 　33　 many expressing their wish to have had such creative and supportive teachers.
　34　 adoption of memes and personalized words in grading represents a significant shift in educational practices in China.It not only aids in reducing the stress and pressure 　35　（associate） with academic performance but also builds a 　36　（strong） relationship between teachers and students.This method reflects a broader movement towards more empathetic and student-centered teaching， 　37　 the focus is on encouragement and individual growth rather than solely on grades.
As these innovative practices gain 　38　（popular）， they promise to transform the educational experience for students， making learning more enjoyable and less frightening.
29.　　　　　　30.　　　　　　31.　　　　
32.　　　 33.　　　 34.　　　
35.　　　 36.　　　 37.　　　
38.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)
維度一
1.which　2.where 　3.when　4.as　5.which　6.where　7.which　8.whose　9.which　10.when　11.where； which
12.when
維度二
1.which will be held in our school next Saturday
2.which makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely
3.that/which the English Association of our school offers
4.who want to watch the movie
5.which is one of the best universities in China
6.from which I believe you will learn a lot
7.most of whom are in their thirties
8.when the weather won’t be so hot
維度三
1.which made his wife so worried
2.whose son was admitted to Peking University last year
3.As has been announced
4.where people were having a market day
5.most of which were dirty
維度四
1.who　2.where　3.which　4.which　5.which/that　6.when
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Abigail Mack是美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州的一名高中生，她憑著一篇感人的文章被哈佛大學(xué)錄取。
1.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三、四段可知，由于Abigail Mack缺少父母當(dāng)中的一位，所以別人寫(xiě)parents時(shí)，她要寫(xiě)單數(shù)的parent。由此可知，標(biāo)志復(fù)數(shù)的字母“S”讓她想到自己?jiǎn)斡H這個(gè)不幸的事實(shí)。
2.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Grammarly assumes that I should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen to edit suggestions和第五段中的all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her mom可知，Abigail Mack的母親因?yàn)榘┌Y離世了。
3.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，為了逃避可怕的字母“S”，Abigail Mack全身心地投入到學(xué)校的各種活動(dòng)中。她參加俱樂(lè)部、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，并在戲劇作品中表演等，所有這些都是為了減輕失去母親的痛苦。
4.D　標(biāo)題歸納題。綜合全文可知，本文主要講述了美國(guó)高中生Abigail Mack因一篇文章在網(wǎng)上引起轟動(dòng)并被哈佛大學(xué)錄取的故事。因此D項(xiàng)為文章最佳標(biāo)題。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。人性究竟是貪婪還是慷慨？研究人員和TED機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)合發(fā)起的一項(xiàng)大型研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一問(wèn)題的答案是樂(lè)觀的。
5.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二段可知，研究人員和TED機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)合發(fā)起的這項(xiàng)大型研究主要是想找到“人性本貪婪還是慷慨”這一問(wèn)題的答案。也就是說(shuō)，它關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)是人性。
6.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這項(xiàng)研究的研究對(duì)象有200人，每人獲得1萬(wàn)美元；研究對(duì)象來(lái)自7個(gè)國(guó)家：3個(gè)低收入國(guó)家，4個(gè)高收入國(guó)家；研究對(duì)象要求在3個(gè)月內(nèi)花完這1萬(wàn)美元，然后將每個(gè)人的消費(fèi)情況匯報(bào)給研究人員。
7.D　代詞指代題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里的this指代上句提到的“如果人們公開(kāi)分享他們的消費(fèi)明細(xì)，那么他們會(huì)更慷慨”這一事實(shí)。
8.A　主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題：人性究竟是貪婪還是慷慨？然后結(jié)合一項(xiàng)大型研究來(lái)揭示了這一問(wèn)題的答案：人性從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)是慷慨的。
Ⅱ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)教授約翰·海斯的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些天才人物的第一首成名作幾乎都要經(jīng)過(guò)十年默默無(wú)聞的辛勤耕耘后才會(huì)誕生。
9.F　根據(jù)下文可知，約翰·海斯教授研究的對(duì)象都是成功人物，故F項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
10.C　下文people like Mozart and Picasso暗示這里應(yīng)該提到偉大的天才人物，這與C項(xiàng)中的the most talented creators正好匹配。
11.D　根據(jù)下文He analysed thousands of musical pieces可知，約翰·海斯教授先研究一些成功的作曲家。故D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
12.E　根據(jù)下文then he calculated how long ... popular works可知，在此之前他必然要先繪制每位作曲家職業(yè)生涯的時(shí)間表，故E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
13.G　上下文都在陳述天才人物要經(jīng)過(guò)十年默默無(wú)聞的辛勤耕耘后才會(huì)誕生第一首成名作這一事實(shí)，故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
Ⅲ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。重慶一位名叫樸縝的90后畫(huà)師用4年時(shí)間給100個(gè)中國(guó)城市繪制畫(huà)像，一城一景，描繪了月光之下美輪美奐的中國(guó)城市景象。
14.B　根據(jù)下文animation design at college可知，樸縝大學(xué)所學(xué)的專業(yè)是動(dòng)畫(huà)設(shè)計(jì)。major in表示“主修”。
15.A　在樸縝看來(lái)，學(xué)習(xí)畫(huà)畫(huà)最困難的是弄清楚自己的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格。figure out表示“想出；弄清楚”。
16.B　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，要想弄清楚自己的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格，就需要在不斷的實(shí)踐中探索。
17.D　樸縝小時(shí)候在一本筆記本上記錄了很多城市的名字，2018年他受到這本筆記本的啟發(fā)，開(kāi)始給中國(guó)城市畫(huà)像。
18.B　當(dāng)時(shí)他想出了給中國(guó)每座城市畫(huà)一幅獨(dú)特的畫(huà)像的想法。come up with表示“想出”。
19.B　follow one’s inspiration為固定用法，表示“追隨某人的靈感”。
20.C　這里表示每一幅畫(huà)像都反映了每座城市的典型特色。
21.A　根據(jù)下文可知，這里說(shuō)明不同城市主體元素的創(chuàng)意來(lái)源。
22.D　不同城市主體元素的創(chuàng)意來(lái)源是不同的：有的是山水建筑，有的是人文傳說(shuō)。
23.A　根據(jù)下文he had to overcome loneliness and inner-conflicts可知，這里樸縝在講述他所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
24.B　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，繪制100幅圖是一個(gè)很費(fèi)時(shí)的過(guò)程。
25.C　根據(jù)下文my works are acknowledged by many fans online可知，樸縝感到非常高興。
26.A　根據(jù)上文可知，樸縝所繪圖畫(huà)中傳遞的是中國(guó)城市的傳統(tǒng)文化元素。
27.D　根據(jù)上文my works are acknowledged by many fans online可知，樸縝的作品在網(wǎng)上受到好評(píng)。be well received受到好評(píng)。
28.A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，網(wǎng)友們渴望看到樸縝更多的城市肖像畫(huà)是一個(gè)不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。
Ⅳ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。如今中國(guó)的一些90后教師正在使用表情包和可愛(ài)的個(gè)性化評(píng)語(yǔ)來(lái)給學(xué)生寫(xiě)評(píng)語(yǔ)，得到了家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生的一致好評(píng)。
29.receiving　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，由于receive與其邏輯主語(yǔ)teachers是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此這里應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。
30.their　考查代詞。本空后面是名詞exams，因此這里應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞來(lái)修飾它。
31.comments　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。comment為可數(shù)名詞，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
32.is　考查主謂一致。本句主語(yǔ)為T(mén)he use，為單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填系動(dòng)詞is。
33.with　考查介詞。這里是一個(gè)由“with＋代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
34.The　考查冠詞。這里特指對(duì)表情包和個(gè)性化評(píng)語(yǔ)的“采用”，因此用定冠詞The。
35.associated　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。be associated with sb/sth是固定用法，表示“與……有關(guān)”，因此這里用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。
36.stronger　考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。下文a broader movement towards more empathetic and student-centered teaching暗示這里是將新型評(píng)語(yǔ)和傳統(tǒng)評(píng)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，因此這里應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。
37.where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。student-centered teaching是先行詞，表示一種領(lǐng)域，可以視為一個(gè)抽象的地點(diǎn)，因此用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
38.popularity　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空前面是動(dòng)詞gain，因此這里應(yīng)用名詞來(lái)作其賓語(yǔ)。
1 / 3Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize， which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
2.Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common， to study malaria patients.
3.Later， the medicine was tested on malaria patients， most of whom recovered.
4.He wanted to know what I thought， which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.以上句子皆為　　　　　　定語(yǔ)從句，從句與主句之間用　　　　隔開(kāi)。
2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以置于主句之中（如句2），前后都用　　　　隔開(kāi)，也可以置于主句之后（如句1、3、4）。
3.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞既可以是指人或指物的某一名詞（如句1、2、3），也可以指代整個(gè)　　　　的內(nèi)容（如句4）。
一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)
1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間一般用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明；如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
I will never forget this experience， which will always be one of the most precious memories of my life.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這段經(jīng)歷，它將永遠(yuǎn)是我人生中最寶貴的回憶之一。
My teacher， who had always believed in me， was proud of my achievement.
我的老師，一直相信我，為我的成就感到驕傲。
I am grateful to my teacher， whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential.
我感謝我的老師，他的鼓勵(lì)和支持讓我發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的潛能。
2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞既可以為單個(gè)的名詞或代詞，也可以為整個(gè)句子或其中一部分，且常譯成并列的分句。
We’ll graduate in June， when we will be free.（先行詞為名詞）
我們將于六月份畢業(yè)，那時(shí)我們就自由了。
He often comes to class late， which makes his teacher very angry.（先行詞為主句的內(nèi)容）
他經(jīng)常上課遲到，這使他的老師很生氣。
【即時(shí)演練1】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
①Last summer， I learned the new skill of traditional Chinese painting， 　　　　　　turned out to be a fulfilling journey.
②I recommend my friend Wang Ming， 　　　　　　is one of the most suitable friends to take my place next week.
③A movie is being shown these days， 　　　　　　theme is to save the Earth and protect our common home.
④Many young people， most of 　　　　were well-educated， headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， 　　　　　　the weather may be better.
二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
1.關(guān)系代詞
（1）關(guān)系代詞who、 whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾人；who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)； whom作賓語(yǔ)；介詞后用whom，不用who；
（2）whose作定語(yǔ)，先行詞是人時(shí)，“whose＋名詞”相當(dāng)于“the＋名詞＋of whom”；先行詞是物時(shí)，“whose＋名詞”相當(dāng)于“the＋名詞＋of which”；
（3）which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
This is our headmaster， who I think has something crucial to tell you.
這是我們的校長(zhǎng)，我認(rèn)為他有至關(guān)重要的事情要告訴你。
There are twenty students in this class， whose backgrounds are different.
這個(gè)班上有20名學(xué)生，他們的背景各不相同。
He has been busy with his work the whole holiday， which has made his girlfriend unhappy.
他整個(gè)假期都忙于工作，這讓他的女朋友很不高興。
名師點(diǎn)津
（1）that不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；
（2）which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可指代整句話的內(nèi)容，也可指代某個(gè)詞或詞組，但是不能置于句首。
He was late for the meeting， which made the chairman very angry.（which指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容）
他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了，這使主席非常生氣。
I want to buy the house， which has a garden.（which指代the house）
我想買(mǎi)這座房子，它帶有一個(gè)花園。
2.關(guān)系副詞
（1）when指代時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可與“介詞＋which”互換；
（2）where指代地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，可與“介詞＋which”互換；
（3）why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可用for which代替。
We will put off the outing until next Sunday， when/on which we won’t be so busy.
我們將推遲郊游到下個(gè)星期天，那時(shí)我們就不會(huì)這么忙了。
Yesterday， they went out to have a picnic in the park， where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他們?nèi)ス珗@野餐了，在那里他們玩得很開(kāi)心。
The reason， for which he was absent from the meeting， wasn’t clear.
他缺席會(huì)議的原因不清楚。
【即時(shí)演練2】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
①Kate， 　　　　　　sister I shared a room with when we were at college， has gone to work in Australia.
②He is a Chinese student named Li Hua， 　　　　　　is studying in London during the summer vacation.
③In conclusion， we all look forward to attending your class， 　　　　　　we can take the chance to improve our oral English.
④The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on 15 August of the Chinese lunar calendar， 　　　　　　　a family get together and enjoy the dinner.
⑤The main activities of the festival， 　　　　　　include competitions for kite making and flying， are scheduled.
三、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
as which
指代 只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容 既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 不可位于主句之前
意義 正如 這，那
功能 連接上下文，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的觀點(diǎn)、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等 引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句
As is often the case， I have got inspiration as well as encouragement from the paper.
我經(jīng)常從這份報(bào)紙中得到靈感和鼓舞。
The singer， as was expected， achieved great success.正如人們所期盼的那樣，這位歌手取得了巨大的成功。
He failed to pass the English exam， which made his father very angry.
他英語(yǔ)考試不及格，這讓他的父親很生氣。
【即時(shí)演練3】　選詞填空（as/which）
①　　　　　　 is mentioned in your report， traditional Chinese medicine has shown great power in the epidemic prevention.
②There is no simple answer， 　　　　　　is often the case in science.
③The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， 　　　　　　he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
④　　　　　　 is known to all， Hangzhou is one of the best tourist cities in China.
四、 “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中，關(guān)系代詞用whom指人， 用which指物。
In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。
The committee consists of ten members， all of whom are in favour of the plan.
委員會(huì)由十人組成，他們都支持這一方案。
I expressed my sincere gratitude to John， without whose help I couldn’t have finished my task.
我向約翰表達(dá)了我誠(chéng)摯的謝意，沒(méi)有他的幫助，我不可能完成我的任務(wù)。
【即時(shí)演練4】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore， three of 　　　　　　were English novels.
②Participants， most of 　　　　　　are middle school students， will meet at the Olympic forest park.
③You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms， of 　　　　　　paper-cutting is one of the most popular.
conclusion n.結(jié)論；推論
【教材原句】　Did you come to any conclusions？你得出什么結(jié)論了嗎？
【用法】
（1）come to/reach/draw a conclusion　得出結(jié)論
in conclusion 總之；最后
（2）conclude v. 結(jié)束；終止；推斷出
conclude from ... 從……中推斷出
conclude sth with sth/by doing sth以某事/通過(guò)做某事結(jié)束某事
【佳句】　①I(mǎi)n conclusion， I do hope that you can take what I’ve stated above into account.
總之，我真的希望您能考慮我上面所說(shuō)的。
②There are perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.
從上述討論中，我們或許可以得出兩個(gè)主要結(jié)論。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Judging from the above story， we can draw the 　　　　　　（conclude） that we can’t judge a man from his looks.
②He concluded his speech 　　　　a famous saying “Where there is a will， there is a way.”
【寫(xiě)美】　一句多譯
③我們可以得出結(jié)論：當(dāng)我們面對(duì)困難的時(shí)候，只有通過(guò)共同合作我們才能克服困難。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when we face the difficulty， only by working together can we overcome it.（conclusion）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when we face the difficulty， only by working together can we overcome it.（conclude）
circumstance n.[usually pl.] 條件；環(huán)境；狀況
【教材原句】　Her circumstances are beyond our control.我們無(wú)法掌控她的狀況。
【用法】
in/under no circumstances 決不
in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果條件允許的話
【佳句】　①Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity， which is vital for my future development.
我無(wú)論如何都不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)這個(gè)寶貴的機(jī)會(huì)，這對(duì)我未來(lái)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。
②The meeting has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.
由于我們無(wú)法控制的情況，會(huì)議取消了。
【練透】　完成句子
①M(fèi)y partner was ill. 　　　　　　　　　　　（即使在這種情況下）， he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data， and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.
【寫(xiě)美】　句式升級(jí)
②While I haven’t achieved my initial objective， I will acknowledge defeat under no circumstances.
→While I haven’t achieved my initial objective， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（倒裝句）
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重難語(yǔ)法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.非限制性　逗號(hào)　2.逗號(hào)　3.主句
即時(shí)演練1
①which　②who　③whose　④whom　⑤when
即時(shí)演練2
①whose　②who　③where　④when　⑤which
即時(shí)演練3
①As　②as　③which　④As
即時(shí)演練4
①which　②whom　③which
【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺】
1.①conclusion　②with　③We can draw the conclusion that； We can conclude that
2.①Even in/under the circumstances　②under no circumstances will I acknowledge defeat
1 / 3(共85張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Learning About Language
1
重難語(yǔ)法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
3
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
重難語(yǔ)法·要攻克
掌握核心語(yǔ)法
1
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize， which is considered one of
the highest international honours a person can receive.
2. Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common， to
study malaria patients.
3. Later， the medicine was tested on malaria patients， most of whom
recovered.
4. He wanted to know what I thought， which confused me because I
thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 以上句子皆為 定語(yǔ)從句，從句與主句之間用
隔開(kāi)。
2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以置于主句之中（如句2），前后都用
隔開(kāi)，也可以置于主句之后（如句1、3、4）。
3. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞既可以是指人或指物的某一名詞（如句
1、2、3），也可以指代整個(gè) 的內(nèi)容（如句4）。
非限制性　
逗號(hào)　
逗
號(hào)　
主句　
一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)
1. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間一般用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，是對(duì)先行詞的附
加說(shuō)明；如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
I will never forget this experience， which will always be one of the
most precious memories of my life.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這段經(jīng)歷，它將永遠(yuǎn)是我人生中最寶貴的回憶
之一。
My teacher， who had always believed in me， was proud of my
achievement.
我的老師，一直相信我，為我的成就感到驕傲。
I am grateful to my teacher， whose encouragement and support helped
me discover my potential.
我感謝我的老師，他的鼓勵(lì)和支持讓我發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的潛能。
2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞既可以為單個(gè)的名詞或代詞，也可以為
整個(gè)句子或其中一部分，且常譯成并列的分句。
We’ll graduate in June， when we will be free.（先行詞為名詞）
我們將于六月份畢業(yè)，那時(shí)我們就自由了。
He often comes to class late， which makes his teacher very angry.
（先行詞為主句的內(nèi)容）
他經(jīng)常上課遲到，這使他的老師很生氣。
【即時(shí)演練1】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
①Last summer， I learned the new skill of traditional Chinese
painting， turned out to be a fulfilling journey.
②I recommend my friend Wang Ming， is one of the most
suitable friends to take my place next week.
③A movie is being shown these days， theme is to save the
Earth and protect our common home.
④Many young people， most of were well-educated， headed
for remote regions to chase their dreams.
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the
weather may be better.
which　
who　
whose　
whom　
when　
二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
1. 關(guān)系代詞
（1）關(guān)系代詞who、 whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾人；who
在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)； whom作賓語(yǔ)；介詞后用
whom，不用who；
（2）whose作定語(yǔ)，先行詞是人時(shí)，“whose＋名詞”相當(dāng)于“the
＋名詞＋of whom”；先行詞是物時(shí)，“whose＋名詞”相當(dāng)
于“the＋名詞＋of which”；
（3）which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
This is our headmaster， who I think has something crucial to tell
you.
這是我們的校長(zhǎng)，我認(rèn)為他有至關(guān)重要的事情要告訴你。
There are twenty students in this class， whose backgrounds are
different.
這個(gè)班上有20名學(xué)生，他們的背景各不相同。
He has been busy with his work the whole holiday， which has
made his girlfriend unhappy.
他整個(gè)假期都忙于工作，這讓他的女朋友很不高興。
名師點(diǎn)津
（1）that不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；
（2）which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可指代整句話的內(nèi)容，也可指
代某個(gè)詞或詞組，但是不能置于句首。
He was late for the meeting， which made the chairman very
angry.（which指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容）
他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了，這使主席非常生氣。
I want to buy the house， which has a garden.（which指代the
house）
我想買(mǎi)這座房子，它帶有一個(gè)花園。
2. 關(guān)系副詞
（1）when指代時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可與“介詞＋which”
互換；
（2）where指代地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，可與“介詞＋
which”互換；
（3）why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可用for which代替。
We will put off the outing until next Sunday， when/on which we
won’t be so busy.
我們將推遲郊游到下個(gè)星期天，那時(shí)我們就不會(huì)這么忙了。
Yesterday， they went out to have a picnic in the park， where/in
which they had a good time.
昨天，他們?nèi)ス珗@野餐了，在那里他們玩得很開(kāi)心。
The reason， for which he was absent from the meeting， wasn’t
clear.
他缺席會(huì)議的原因不清楚。
【即時(shí)演練2】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
①Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at
college， has gone to work in Australia.
②He is a Chinese student named Li Hua， is studying in
London during the summer vacation.
③In conclusion， we all look forward to attending your
class， we can take the chance to improve our oral English.
④The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on 15 August of the Chinese lunar
calendar， a family get together and enjoy the dinner.
⑤The main activities of the festival， include competitions for
kite making and flying， are scheduled.
whose　
who　
where　
when　
which　
三、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
as which
指代 只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容 既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，也可
指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之
中或之后 不可位于主句之前
意義 正如 這，那
功能 連接上下文，表達(dá)說(shuō)
話人的觀點(diǎn)、看法，
并指出主句內(nèi)容的根
據(jù)或出處等 引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)
并列句
As is often the case， I have got inspiration as well as encouragement from
the paper.
我經(jīng)常從這份報(bào)紙中得到靈感和鼓舞。
The singer， as was expected， achieved great success.
正如人們所期盼的那樣，這位歌手取得了巨大的成功。
He failed to pass the English exam， which made his father very angry.
他英語(yǔ)考試不及格，這讓他的父親很生氣。
【即時(shí)演練3】　選詞填空（as/which）
① is mentioned in your report， traditional Chinese medicine has
shown great power in the epidemic prevention.
②There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.
③The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for
China， he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
④ is known to all， Hangzhou is one of the best tourist cities in
China.
As　
as　
which　
As　
四、 “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中，關(guān)系代詞用whom指人， 用which指物。
In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn
for help.
在黑暗的街道上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。
The committee consists of ten members， all of whom are in favour of the
plan.
委員會(huì)由十人組成，他們都支持這一方案。
I expressed my sincere gratitude to John， without whose help I couldn’t
have finished my task.
我向約翰表達(dá)了我誠(chéng)摯的謝意，沒(méi)有他的幫助，我不可能完成我
的任務(wù)。
【即時(shí)演練4】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore， three
of were English novels.
②Participants， most of are middle school students， will
meet at the Olympic forest park.
③You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms， of
paper-cutting is one of the most popular.
which　
whom　
which　
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
關(guān)注高頻詞匯
2
conclusion n.結(jié)論；推論
【教材原句】　Did you come to any conclusions？你得出什么結(jié)
論了嗎？
【用法】
（1）come to/reach/draw a conclusion　　　得出結(jié)論
in conclusion 總之；最后
（2）conclude v. 結(jié)束；終止；推斷出
conclude from ... 從……中推斷出
conclude sth with sth/by doing sth以某事/通過(guò)做某事結(jié)束某事
【佳句】　①I(mǎi)n conclusion， I do hope that you can take what I’ve
stated above into account.
總之，我真的希望您能考慮我上面所說(shuō)的。
②There are perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the above
discussion.
從上述討論中，我們或許可以得出兩個(gè)主要結(jié)論。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Judging from the above story， we can draw the
（conclude） that we can’t judge a man from his looks.
conclusion　
②He concluded his speech a famous saying “Where there is a
will， there is a way.”
【寫(xiě)美】　一句多譯
③我們可以得出結(jié)論：當(dāng)我們面對(duì)困難的時(shí)候，只有通過(guò)共同合作我
們才能克服困難。
→ when we face the difficulty， only
by working together can we overcome it.（conclusion）
→ when we face the difficulty， only by
working together can we overcome it.（conclude）
with　
We can draw the conclusion that　
We can conclude that　
circumstance n.[usually pl.] 條件；環(huán)境；狀況
【教材原句】　Her circumstances are beyond our control.我們無(wú)法掌
控她的狀況。
【用法】
in/under no circumstances　　決不
in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果條件允許的話
【佳句】　①Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious
opportunity， which is vital for my future development.我無(wú)論如何都不
會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)這個(gè)寶貴的機(jī)會(huì)，這對(duì)我未來(lái)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。
②The meeting has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our
control.
由于我們無(wú)法控制的情況，會(huì)議取消了。
①M(fèi)y partner was ill. （即使在這種
情況下）， he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected
data， and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.
【寫(xiě)美】　句式升級(jí)
②While I haven’t achieved my initial objective， I will acknowledge
defeat under no circumstances.
→While I haven’t achieved my initial objective，
.（倒裝句）
Even in/under the circumstances　
under no
circumstances will I acknowledge defeat　
【練透】　完成句子
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
1. Covering an area of 20，546 square meters， it allows visitors to take a
pleasant walk in the quiet and green forest， includes many
different kinds of trees.
2. When the freezing cold night fell， the visitors sat around the
stage the fire show was performed.
which　
where　
3. Don’t forget to show up at 5 p.m.， we gather to go back to
school together at the entrance to the Cherry Blossom Garden.
4. Just the old saying goes，“Each coin has two sides.”
5. China， was founded in 1949， is becoming more and more
powerful.
6. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， a conference was to be
held.
7. There are two buildings， the larger of stands nearly a
hundred feet high.
when　
as　
which　
where　
which　
8. Mr Smith， native language is English， can speak Chinese
fluently.
9. You have a full preparation before this event， is the most
important reason why you show up here.
10. As you know， we have the summer and winter vacation，
we can do whatever we like， such as traveling， writing and so on.
11. There are many interesting clubs， they can do what they
want most， makes them not tired of the learning.
12. We will always remember the moment my classmate Li
Chong crossed the finishing line.
whose　
which　
when　
where　
which　
when　
維度二：語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作
1. 我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你參加下周六在我們學(xué)校舉辦的音樂(lè)節(jié)。
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the music festival，
.
2. 我精通英語(yǔ)，這使我與外國(guó)人自由交談成為可能。
I have a good command of English，
.
which
will be held in our school next Saturday　
which makes it possible for me
to communicate with foreigners freely　
3. 我寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)我們學(xué)校英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)所提供的職位。
I’m writing to apply for the position
.
4. 任何想要觀看電影的同學(xué)要求在下午兩點(diǎn)之前到達(dá)。
Those are required to arrive before
two in the afternoon.
5. 我建議你申請(qǐng)北京大學(xué)，它是中國(guó)最好的大學(xué)之一。
I suggest that you apply for Peking University，
.
that/which the English
Association of our school offers　
who want to watch the movie　
which is one of the
best universities in China　
6. 我想向你推薦京劇俱樂(lè)部，我相信你可以從中學(xué)到很多。
I’d like to recommend Peking Opera Club to you，
.
7. 我們學(xué)校里的老師大多數(shù)都是三十多歲，他們把一切都奉獻(xiàn)給
了我們。
The teachers of our school， ，
have devoted themselves to us.
from which I
believe you will learn a lot　
most of whom are in their thirties　
8. 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在9月份舉行，那時(shí)候天氣就沒(méi)有這么熱了。
The sports meeting will be held in September，
.
when the weather
won’t be so hot　
維度三：句型轉(zhuǎn)換
　　用定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)下列句子。
1. The novelist got hurt in the accident and it made his wife so worried.
→The novelist got hurt in the accident，
.
2. I have a friend and his son was admitted to Peking University last year.
→I have a friend，
.
which made his wife so
worried　
whose son was admitted to Peking University last
year　
3. It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.
→ ， we shall have our final exam next
month.
4. We walked down the village street and people were having a market day
there.
→We walked down the village street，
.
As has been announced　
where people were having a
market day　
5. The little boys were cleaning the windows and most of them were dirty.
→The little boys were cleaning the windows，
.
most of which were
dirty　
維度四：語(yǔ)法與語(yǔ)篇
　　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞完成下面短文。
Nat， 1. was ten years old， lived in a small town in
England， but one day he decided to go to Spain， 2. all his
friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid，
3. is the capital of Spain， and stayed in a small hotel.On the
first morning， he went out for a walk.In England， people drive on the
left.But in Spain， they drive on the right，
who　
where　
which　
4. he forgot.While he was walking along a busy street， a bike
5. came before him knocked him down.Nat was sent to the
hospital.After two days， Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told
his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 6. he stayed in Spain.
which　
which/that　
when　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·蘭州高二下學(xué)期質(zhì)檢）This year， it was harder than ever
to get into Harvard University.The prestigious college announced their
lowest acceptance rate ever， welcoming only 1，968 of 57，435 first-
year applicants into their hallowed halls.Thanks to Abigail Mack’s
moving， insightful essay， she will be one of the lucky students to
matriculate this fall.
The Massachusetts high school senior used TikTok to share a part of
the essay that made her one of the 4 percent of applicants who made the
cut.Her paper focused on an unusual theme： the letter “S”.
“I hate the letter ‘S’，” she read aloud on TikTok.“Of the
164，777 words with ‘S’， I only struggle with one.To condemn an
entire letter because of its use 0.0006 percent of the time sounds
statistically absurd， but that one case changed 100 percent of my life.I
used to have two parents， but now I have one， and the ‘S’ in
‘parents’ isn’t going anywhere.”
“‘S’ follows me，” she continued.“I can’t get through a day
without being reminded that while my friends went out to dinner with their
parents， I ate with my parent.As I write this essay， there is a blue line
under the word ‘parent’ telling me to check my grammar； even
Grammarly assumes that I should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen
to edit suggestions.”
She went on to explain that she fled that dreaded letter by throwing
herself into school activities.She joined clubs， sports， and performed in
theatrical productions， all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her
mom.Eventually， she realized she was hiding from her pain and decided
to face it head-on.She took over the “S” for her own purposes.Now，
instead of thinking about the “S” in parents， she concentrates on the
double “S” in passion.
Abigail’s essay earned her a spot at several top colleges and she has
officially been accepted into the class of 2025 in Harvard.In the
meantime， her essay has gone viral with over 16 million views！
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Abigail Mack是美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州的一
名高中生，她憑著一篇感人的文章被哈佛大學(xué)錄取。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Abigail Mack是美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州的一
名高中生，她憑著一篇感人的文章被哈佛大學(xué)錄取。
1. What did the letter “S” mean to Abigail Mack？
A. A terrible failure.
B. A special challenge.
C. An unfortunate fact.
D. A painful experience.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三、四段可知，由于Abigail
Mack缺少父母當(dāng)中的一位，所以別人寫(xiě)parents時(shí)，她要寫(xiě)單數(shù)
的parent。由此可知，標(biāo)志復(fù)數(shù)的字母“S”讓她想到自己?jiǎn)斡H
這個(gè)不幸的事實(shí)。
2. What can we infer from Paragraphs 4 and 5 about Abigail Mack？
A. She isn’t good at typing.
B. She has poor grammar.
C. Her father has got cancer.
D. Her mother has passed away.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Grammarly assumes that I
should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen to edit suggestions和第
五段中的all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her mom可知，
Abigail Mack的母親因?yàn)榘┌Y離世了。
3. How did Abigail Mack deal with her situation？
A. By writing some essays.
B. By reading some books.
C. By engaging in various activities.
D. By taking part in competitions.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，為了逃避可怕的字母
“S”，Abigail Mack全身心地投入到學(xué)校的各種活動(dòng)中。她參加俱
樂(lè)部、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，并在戲劇作品中表演等，所有這些都是為了減輕
失去母親的痛苦。
4. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Teen’s Special Feeling for the Letter “S”
B. Teen’s Essay Won Great Popularity Online
C. Teen’s Secret to Achieve Academic Success
D. Teen Got Admitted to Harvard for Her Essay
解析： 　標(biāo)題歸納題。綜合全文可知，本文主要講述了美國(guó)高中
生Abigail Mack因一篇文章在網(wǎng)上引起轟動(dòng)并被哈佛大學(xué)錄取的故
事。因此D項(xiàng)為文章最佳標(biāo)題。
B
　　（2024·濟(jì)寧高二下學(xué)期月考）Do you believe that most people are
greedy or generous？ It is easy to come up with examples of stories that
could support either conclusion if we are relying on our memories or on
our gut.
Recently， a team of researchers sought to investigate this question in
partnership with the TED organization.TED generously gave away $10，
000 each to 200 lucky individuals （yes， you read that correctly），
which essentially means these participants won a lottery （besides being
asked to spend all the money in three months rather than save it）.These
participants were from three low-income countries （Indonesia， Brazil，
Kenya） and four high-income countries （Australia， Canada， UK，
USA）.Over the next three months， participants were asked to track their
spending to examine how generously versus selfishly this money was
spent.They reported their spending to the researchers a few months later.
Of the $10，000 participants received， they spent $6，431 on other
people.To be clear， this also included certain behaviours in which the
participants themselves benefitted personally （such as taking their friends
out to dinner or paying for a family vacation）.But still， people are very
generous.Participants gave away $1，697 strictly to charity or non-profit
organizations.
The researchers expected that if people publicly shared how they
spent their money， they would be more generous.To check if this was
correct， they asked half of the participants to post on Twitter about how
they spent the money.The other half was asked to keep their spending
“private”.
Surprisingly， the researchers saw that “generous spending was
similar” between Twitter and private groups.The mini lottery winners
were no more or less generous depending on whether they posted their
spending on Twitter versus kept it to themselves.The authors admitted they
expected the Twitter group to spend more generously， but this prediction
was not supported by the data.People did not need to have their spending
shown publicly to behave generously.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。人性究竟是貪婪還是慷慨？研究人
員和TED機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)合發(fā)起的一項(xiàng)大型研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一問(wèn)題的答案是樂(lè)
觀的。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。人性究竟是貪婪還是慷慨？研究人
員和TED機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)合發(fā)起的一項(xiàng)大型研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一問(wèn)題的答案是樂(lè)
觀的。
5. What’s the purpose of the team of researchers？
A. To confirm a scientific theory.
B. To research into human nature.
C. To analyse people’s economic behaviour.
D. To understand people’s spending habits.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二段可知，研究人員和TED機(jī)
構(gòu)聯(lián)合發(fā)起的這項(xiàng)大型研究主要是想找到“人性本貪婪還是慷慨”
這一問(wèn)題的答案。也就是說(shuō)，它關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)是人性。
6. What do we know about the study conducted by the TED organization？
A. It cost about one million dollars.
B. It focused on low-income people.
C. The participants were required to report their spending.
D. The participants could spend the money without restriction.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這項(xiàng)研究的研究對(duì)象有
200人，每人獲得1萬(wàn)美元；研究對(duì)象來(lái)自7個(gè)國(guó)家：3個(gè)低收入國(guó)
家，4個(gè)高收入國(guó)家；研究對(duì)象要求在3個(gè)月內(nèi)花完這1萬(wàn)美元，然
后將每個(gè)人的消費(fèi)情況匯報(bào)給研究人員。
7. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A. People’s sharing how they spent.
B. People’s keeping their spending private.
C. People’s being more selfish in private.
D. People’s being more generous in public.
解析： 　代詞指代題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里的this指代上句提
到的“如果人們公開(kāi)分享他們的消費(fèi)明細(xì)，那么他們會(huì)更慷
慨”這一事實(shí)。
8. What does the author intend to tell us by writing the text？
A. Humans are fundamentally generous.
B. Money that is easily got will be spent soon.
C. Sharing spending online makes people generous.
D. People prefer to keep their spending to themselves.
解析： 　主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題：人性究竟是貪婪還是
慷慨？然后結(jié)合一項(xiàng)大型研究來(lái)揭示了這一問(wèn)題的答案：人性從根
本上來(lái)說(shuō)是慷慨的。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　（2024·鄭州高二上學(xué)期期末考試）How long does it take to
become an expert in your field？ 　9　？ That’s what John Hayes， a
cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University， wanted to
know.
For decades， Hayes has been investigating the role of effort，
practice， and knowledge in top performers. 　10　 — people like Mozart
and Picasso — to determine how long it took them to become world class
at their craft.
Let’s talk about what Hayes has discovered about world class
performers.And more importantly， let’s discuss how you can use these
insights to achieve your goals and become your best.
　11　.He analysed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685
to 1900.The central question that drove his work was，“How long after
one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world class？”
Eventually， Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of
“masterworks”， which were created by a total of 76
composers. 　12　.And then he calculated how long they had been
working before they created their popular works.What he discovered was
that virtually every single “masterwork” was written after year ten of the
composer’s career.
　13　.Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years
before he produced something that became popular.Professor Hayes began
to refer to this period， which was filled with hard work and little
recognition， as the “ten years of silence”.
In follow-up studies， Hayes found similar patterns among famous
painters and popular poets.These findings have been further confirmed by
research from professors like K. Anders Ericsson， who produced research
that revealed that you needed to put in “10，000 hours” to become an
expert in your field.
A. It takes time to achieve your goal
B. And what do people like doing in their spare time
C. He has studied the most talented creators in history
D. Hayes started his research by examining successful composers
E. Next， Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer’s career
F. And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us
G. Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a
decade of practice first
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)教授約
翰·海斯的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些天才人物的第一首成名作幾乎都要經(jīng)
過(guò)十年默默無(wú)聞的辛勤耕耘后才會(huì)誕生。
9. F　根據(jù)下文可知，約翰·海斯教授研究的對(duì)象都是成功人物，故F
項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
10. C　下文people like Mozart and Picasso暗示這里應(yīng)該提到偉大的天
才人物，這與C項(xiàng)中的the most talented creators正好匹配。
11. D　根據(jù)下文He analysed thousands of musical pieces可知，約翰·海
斯教授先研究一些成功的作曲家。故D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)教授約
翰·海斯的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些天才人物的第一首成名作幾乎都要經(jīng)
過(guò)十年默默無(wú)聞的辛勤耕耘后才會(huì)誕生。
12. E　根據(jù)下文then he calculated how long ... popular works可
知，在此之前他必然要先繪制每位作曲家職業(yè)生涯的時(shí)間表，故E
項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
13. G　上下文都在陳述天才人物要經(jīng)過(guò)十年默默無(wú)聞的辛勤耕耘后才
會(huì)誕生第一首成名作這一事實(shí)，故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·無(wú)錫高二上學(xué)期期末考試）A self-taught painter in
Chongqing who spent four years creating 100 illustrations of 100 cities in
China， has attracted a lot of attention online.
Pu Zhen， who was born in Chongqing in 1993， 　14　 in
animation design at college.He started teaching himself painting nine years
ago.“The most difficult part is to 　15　 my own painting style
through 　16　 practice，” he said.
In 2018， 　17　 by an old notebook he had filled with the names of
Chinese cities， he 　18　 the idea of doing a unique illustration for
each.“I just 　19　 my inspiration in creating the city series.Each
illustration 　20　 a city’s typical features，” he said.
The creative 　21　 of the main elements of each city are 　22　，
some are mountains， rivers， and iconic buildings， and some are
cultural legends.However， they all have the moon as a common image.
“The biggest 　23　 is myself，” said Pu， adding that during the
time-consuming 　24　， he had to overcome loneliness and inner-
conflicts.“But I do feel 　25　 that my works are acknowledged by many
fans online.Traditional Chinese city 　26　 are always worth passing
on.”
Not only are Pu’s paintings well 　27　 online， but the netizens are
eager to appreciate more. 　28　， everyone wants to see their hometowns
painted by Pu Zhen.In the future， Pu plans to travel around the country
and create illustrations for more cities.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。重慶一位名叫樸縝的90后畫(huà)師用4年
時(shí)間給100個(gè)中國(guó)城市繪制畫(huà)像，一城一景，描繪了月光之下美輪美
奐的中國(guó)城市景象。
14. A. studied B. majored
C. worked D. researched
解析： 　根據(jù)下文animation design at college可知，樸縝大學(xué)所學(xué)
的專業(yè)是動(dòng)畫(huà)設(shè)計(jì)。major in表示“主修”。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。重慶一位名叫樸縝的90后畫(huà)師用4年
時(shí)間給100個(gè)中國(guó)城市繪制畫(huà)像，一城一景，描繪了月光之下美輪美
奐的中國(guó)城市景象。
15. A. figure out B. go over
C. make up D. turn down
解析： 　在樸縝看來(lái)，學(xué)習(xí)畫(huà)畫(huà)最困難的是弄清楚自己的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)
格。figure out表示“想出；弄清楚”。
16. A. casual B. constant
C. formal D. random
解析： 　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，要想弄清楚自己的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格，就需要在
不斷的實(shí)踐中探索。
17. A. moved B. encouraged
C. taught D. inspired
解析： 　樸縝小時(shí)候在一本筆記本上記錄了很多城市的名字，
2018年他受到這本筆記本的啟發(fā)，開(kāi)始給中國(guó)城市畫(huà)像。
18. A. put up with B. came up with
C. took care of D. made use of
解析： 　當(dāng)時(shí)他想出了給中國(guó)每座城市畫(huà)一幅獨(dú)特的畫(huà)像的想
法。come up with表示“想出”。
19. A. invented B. followed
C. imagined D. discovered
解析： 　follow one’s inspiration為固定用法，表示“追隨某人的
靈感”。
20. A. determines B. suggests
C. reflects D. impresses
解析： 　這里表示每一幅畫(huà)像都反映了每座城市的典型特色。
21. A. sources B. stories
C. messages D. materials
解析： 　根據(jù)下文可知，這里說(shuō)明不同城市主體元素的創(chuàng)意
來(lái)源。
22. A. stable B. similar
C. obvious D. different
解析： 　不同城市主體元素的創(chuàng)意來(lái)源是不同的：有的是山水建
筑，有的是人文傳說(shuō)。
23. A. challenge B. honour
C. improvement D. victory
解析：A　根據(jù)下文he had to overcome loneliness and inner-conflicts
可知，這里樸縝在講述他所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
24. A. course B. process
C. moment D. stage
解析： 　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，繪制100幅圖是一個(gè)很費(fèi)時(shí)的過(guò)程。
25. A. surprised B. confused
C. delighted D. touched
解析： 　根據(jù)下文my works are acknowledged by many fans online
可知，樸縝感到非常高興。
26. A. cultures B. policies
C. systems D. values
解析： 　根據(jù)上文可知，樸縝所繪圖畫(huà)中傳遞的是中國(guó)城市的傳
統(tǒng)文化元素。
27. A. judged B. commented
C. accepted D. received
解析： 　根據(jù)上文my works are acknowledged by many fans online
可知，樸縝的作品在網(wǎng)上受到好評(píng)。be well received受到好評(píng)。
28. A. Undoubtedly B. Eventually
C. Hopefully D. Generally
解析： 　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，網(wǎng)友們渴望看到樸縝更多的城市肖像畫(huà)
是一個(gè)不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。
Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空
　　In a refreshing shift from conventional methods， some post-90
teachers in China are using memes （表情包）， cute comments， and
personalized feedback in their grading practices， 　29　（receive）
praise from parents and students alike.This innovative approach in
education is reshaping the way students receive feedback on 　30　
（they） exams and assignments， making the learning process more
engaging and enjoyable.
Gone are the days of impersonal and serious 　31　
（comment）.Teachers are now using more conversational language in
their evaluations， addressing students as “you” or “dear” instead of
the formal “the student”.
The use of memes and hand-drawn images in marking papers 　32　
（be） not just about adding a touch of fun； it serves as a motivational
tool for students.This trend has caught the attention of the online
community， 　33　 many expressing their wish to have had such
creative and supportive teachers.
　34　 adoption of memes and personalized words in grading
represents a significant shift in educational practices in China.It not only
aids in reducing the stress and pressure 　35　（associate） with
academic performance but also builds a 　36　（strong） relationship
between teachers and students.This method reflects a broader movement
towards more empathetic and student-centered teaching， 　37　 the
focus is on encouragement and individual growth rather than solely on
grades.
As these innovative practices gain 　38　（popular）， they
promise to transform the educational experience for students， making
learning more enjoyable and less frightening.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。如今中國(guó)的一些90后教師正在使用
表情包和可愛(ài)的個(gè)性化評(píng)語(yǔ)來(lái)給學(xué)生寫(xiě)評(píng)語(yǔ)，得到了家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生的
一致好評(píng)。
29. receiving　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀
語(yǔ)，由于receive與其邏輯主語(yǔ)teachers是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此這里應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞
-ing形式。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。如今中國(guó)的一些90后教師正在使用
表情包和可愛(ài)的個(gè)性化評(píng)語(yǔ)來(lái)給學(xué)生寫(xiě)評(píng)語(yǔ)，得到了家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生的
一致好評(píng)。
30. their　考查代詞。本空后面是名詞exams，因此這里應(yīng)用形容詞性
物主代詞來(lái)修飾它。
31. comments　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。comment為可數(shù)名詞，通常用復(fù)數(shù)
形式。
32. is　考查主謂一致。本句主語(yǔ)為T(mén)he use，為單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境
可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填系動(dòng)詞is。
33. with　考查介詞。這里是一個(gè)由“with＋代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)
成的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
34. The　考查冠詞。這里特指對(duì)表情包和個(gè)性化評(píng)語(yǔ)的“采用”，因
此用定冠詞The。
35. associated　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。be associated with sb/sth是固定用
法，表示“與……有關(guān)”，因此這里用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。
36. stronger　考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。下文a broader movement towards
more empathetic and student-centered teaching暗示這里是將新型評(píng)語(yǔ)和
傳統(tǒng)評(píng)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，因此這里應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。
37. where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。student-centered teaching是先行詞，表示一
種領(lǐng)域，可以視為一個(gè)抽象的地點(diǎn)，因此用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)非限
制性定語(yǔ)從句。
38. popularity　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空前面是動(dòng)詞gain，因此這里應(yīng)用
名詞來(lái)作其賓語(yǔ)。
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