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Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
維度一：基礎題型練
用所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1.When he saw me， he stopped 　　　　　（say） hello to me.
2.The two students who had broken the school rules were lucky enough to escape 　　　　　　（punish）.
3.It is considered no good 　　　　　　（recite） without understanding.
4.We couldn’t help 　　　　　　（laugh） after we heard his funny story.
5.Why did you keep me 　　　　　　（wait） here for so long a time？
6.I remembered 　　　　　　（return） the book to you；you must have lost it.
7.As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area needed 　　　　　　　　（repair）.
8.It is difficult to imagine his 　　　　　　（accept） the decision without any consideration.
9.If you think that treating a woman well means always 　　　　　　（get） her permission for things， think again.
10.Later she scolded her daughter for 　　　　　（talk） to her father like that.
維度二：語法與寫作
用動詞-ing形式完成下列句子。
1.Thank you for 　　　　　　　　my speech.
謝謝你來聽我的演講。
2.I really appreciate 　　　　　　　　to relax with you on this nice island.
我真的很感激能有時間和你在這個美麗的島上放松。
3.Would you mind 　　　　　　　　the door？
你介意我打開門嗎？
4.　　　　　　　　　　 is bad for your eyes.
在陽光下看書對你的眼睛有害。
5.In some parts of London，　　　　　　　　 means waiting for another hour.
在倫敦的一些地區，錯過一輛公共汽車意味著要再等一個小時。
6.　　　　　　　　　　 by bus usually takes me 10 minutes.
乘公共汽車上學通常要花費我10分鐘的時間。
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
Making a web page takes some time and practice， but it is not too difficult.1.　　　　 （understand） the procedure is the key.First you need to find a host， which is a computer company 2.　　　　 （give） you space on the Internet for your web page.Some companies， such as Yahoo， sell cheap web space to people.
Then you can start 3.　　　　 （design） your website.One of the most common languages used for 4.　　　　 （create） web pages is called HTML.This is simply a set of tags telling the computer how 5.　　　　 （put） words and pictures on a web page.Once you’ve created your web page， you can save it as an HTML document and view it in your web browser.Do not worry about 6.　　　　 （make） a mistake.If your page looks wrong， simply find the mistake and correct it.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　“Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night — as well as during the day，” British-based researchers say.
　　David Dominoni， of Glasgow University， said that light from street lamps， takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological clocks， leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
　　Dr Dominoni， who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns， said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light， the more active they are at night.
　　He told people at a conference， “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output， there might be some costs of energy.”
　　And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said， “In Glasgow where I live， gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls？’ During the breeding （繁殖） season， between April and June， they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t sleep.”
　　Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution， other research concludes that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
　　However， some birds thrive （興旺） in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators （天敵） fleeing to quieter areas.
1.According to Dr Dominoni’s study， what causes robins to sing so much？
A.The breeding season.
B.The light in modern life.
C.The dangerous environment.
D.The noise from heavy machinery.
2.What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds’ song output？
A.The environment might be polluted.
B.The birds’ health might be damaged.
C.The industry cost might be increased.
D.The people’s hearing might be affected.
3.What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A.Active at night.
B.Inactive at night.
C.Active during the day.
D.Inactive during the day.
4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments？
A.Because there are fewer dangers.
B.Because there is more food to eat.
C.Because there is less light pollution.
D.Because there are more places to take shelter.
B
　　One Saturday morning， when I was in the kitchen drinking coffee and reading the newspaper， my 6-year-old daughter， Nina， came in hunting for a pen and paper. Finding both items on the kitchen table in front of me， she bent over and began writing. She looked up at me once， meaning for me to notice her. Meanwhile， I wondered what she could be writing.
　　Then， as quickly as she had begun， she finished. She pushed the pad of paper （便簽本） back in my direction， and jumped out of the kitchen.
　　I pulled the notepad towards me， and read the note. I read it again， and then again， so there could be no mistake. Nina had written a beautiful poem about me！ “Mom is a/Golden Delicious/the softest apple/in the world.”
　　I sat still for several minutes， holding the notepad in midair. Nina loved me and had found her poetic voice to tell me so. But first， I had work to do. Surely her poetic talent had to be encouraged. After several gulps （幾大口） of coffee， I settled on the following：“Nina is/Nina/the sweetest name/in the whole world.”
　　Calling her back into the kitchen， I pushed the notepad towards her and smiled shyly.
　　“What’s this， Mom？” she frowned （皺眉）， handing the notepad back to me. “Where’s the answer？”
　　Thoughts ran through my head as I took the paper back and studied the poem again. Eventually， I found it， the missing punctuation （標點符號）. Mentally adding a comma （逗號） after “Mom”， and a question mark to the end， I understood. Despite the hard reality of the situation staring me in the face， I insisted that her words were a poem.
　　Eating crow， I tried to answer her question as lovingly as I could， “I don’t know， Nina. I hadn’t thought of it that way before. Do you think Golden Delicious are the softest apples in the world？”
5.For what purpose did Nina look for a pen and paper？
A.To play a game.
B.To write a message.
C.To draw a picture of Mom.
D.To note down Mom’s name.
6.What did Mom do immediately after she read the note？
A.She corrected the language mistakes in it.
B.She called Nina back into the kitchen.
C.She made herself a cup of coffee.
D.She wrote a poem in return.
7.Why did Nina show displeasure？
A.She couldn’t punctuate correctly.
B.She didn’t get the answer she wanted.
C.She couldn’t understand Mom’s words.
D.She didn’t want to use a notepad to write.
8.What might the underlined words “Eating crow” in the last paragraph mean？
A.Being shamed.　　　 B.Getting worried.
C.Looking hopeful. D.Feeling confident.
C
　　As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turner’s brain， the sound of a violin filled the operating room. The music came from the patient on the operating table. In a video from the surgery， the violinist was moving her bow （琴弓） up and down as surgeons worked to remove her brain tumor （腫瘤）. The King’s College Hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keeping her hand’s functions intact.
　　Turner， 53， learned that she had a slow-growing tumor. Later doctors found that it had become more aggressive and the violinist decided to have surgery to remove it. “We knew how important the violin is to Turner， so it was vital that we preserved functions of the delicate areas of her brain that allowed her to play，” Keyoumars Ashkan， a doctor at King’s College Hospital， said in a press release.
　　Before Turner’s operation， Ashkan and his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement. Waking her up during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether those parts were suffering damage.
　　Brad Mahon， expert at Carnegie Mellon University， said the basic features of an “awake craniotomy” — the type of brain surgery where patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas — have remained largely unchanged for decades. But he said that doctors are now able to map the patient’s brain activity in great detail before the surgery using an imaging technique called functional MRI. That means surgeons go into the operating room with far more information about a specific patient’s brain. That kind of information helps doctors tailor surgical plans to a patient’s particular needs.
9.What does the underlined word “intact” in the first paragraph mean？
A.Strong. B.Undamaged.
C.Talented. D.Influential.
10.Why did Ashkan and his colleagues map Turner’s brain before the operation？
A.To keep her brain more active when she played the violin.
B.To monitor whether her brain had suffered severe damage.
C.To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely.
D.To remove the tumor while keeping all functions of her brain.
11.What can we know according to Brad Mahon？
A.Doctors are using an imaging technique to monitor the surgery.
B.Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in an operation.
C.A patient’s language ability couldn’t be preserved before.
D.Surgeons can personalize a patient’s operation by mapping the patient’s brain.
12.What is the best title for the passage？
A.Musician Joined in Her Own Brain Surgery
B.Mapping a Brain Is Realized After Surgery
C.The Violinist Suffers From a Brain Tumor
D.Doctors Perform Surgery on a Brain
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Ever since I can remember， it was always the dream of my parents to own a village shop. One spring， after my father lost his job， a window of 　13　 arrived. A small retail establishment （零售店） in the beautiful Wylye Valley was looking for a new 　14　， and soon my family moved there from London. My parents’ dream was finally realized.
　　From day one， the kind 　15　 — many of whom became lifelong friends — welcomed us to the village with warm handshakes and friendly smiles 　16　 formal introductions. There were thoughtfully 　17　 greeting cards and beautifully wrapped bunches of flowers given to my mother.
　　As I was soon to 　18　， our village shop was not only a business but a center of the local community； a place where 　19　 didn’t seem to have any importance； where customers stopped and chatted， telling you about their families and their daily lives； a far cry from the 　20　 world of urban living where people， it seemed， seldom passed the time of day.
　　We got to know our customers’ 　21　 for certain items， and managed to satisfy individual tastes. My father， forever 　22　 to his word， almost became 　23　 whenever he wasn’t able to meet a customer’s 　24　 for a particular product， and would phone around various wholesalers （批發商） to 　25　 it.
　　My parents never 　26　 the kindness the community showed all those years before and made it their priority （優先事項） when it came to 　27　 prizes for village functions （宴會） or charitable events.
13.A.fitness　　　　　　　B.contribution
C.opportunity D.interest
14.A.customer B.product
C.house D.owner
15.A.audiences B.locals
C.relatives D.partners
16.A.replacing B.bringing
C.explaining D.limiting
17.A.analyzed B.preserved
C.marked D.worded
18.A.complain B.discover
C.decide D.reflect
19.A.fortune B.culture
C.time D.life
20.A.private B.imaginary
C.peaceful D.competitive
21.A.preferences B.designs
C.tips D.plans
22.A.creative B.fair
C.true D.patient
23.A.bored B.upset
C.curious D.excited
24.A.proposal B.test
C.standard D.order
25.A.locate B.prove
C.share D.exchange
26.A.stressed B.judged
C.forgot D.hid
27.A.selling B.donating
C.winning D.gathering
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Water glasses， especially pure crystal （水晶） glasses， have a natural frequency at which they will vibrate （振動）. When you rub （摩擦） the edge of the glass， your finger will cause vibrations. When these vibrations match the natural frequency of the glass， the vibrations can increase to the point 　28　 you can hear a tone.
　　The particular tone will vary 　29　 （depend） upon many different factors， including the quality of the glass， its thickness， and how much， if any， water 　30　 （be） in the glass. In fact， different tones can 　31　 （produce） by putting different amounts of water into several different glasses.
　　Although you won’t find modern 　32　 （musician） playing a set of crystal glasses at a concert， using glasses for music-making was popular for a brief time long ago. People have been creating musical notes with glasses since the 1400s. In fact， sets of glasses made specifically 　33　 （play） music were popular in England in the early 1700s.
　　In the early 1760s， after seeing a performance on water glasses in London， Benjamin Franklin invented a mechanical version of a set of water glasses that he at first called the “glassychord”. He eventually changed 　34　 name to the armonica （玻璃琴）. His instrument 　35　 （become） popular in Europe， especially in Germany. Although its 　36　 （popular） didn’t last， the armonica did make an impression on both Mozart 　37　 Beethoven， who each wrote pieces for the armonica.
28.　　　　　　29.　　　　　　30.　　　　
31.　　　 32.　　　 33.　　　
34.　　　 35.　　　 36.　　　
37.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.to say　2.being punished　3.reciting　4.laughing
5.waiting　6.returning　7.repairing/to be repaired
8.accepting　9.getting　10.having talked
維度二
1.listening to　2.having time　3.my/me opening
4.Reading in the sun　5.missing a bus　6.Going to school
維度三
1.Understanding　2.giving　3.to design　4.creating
5.to put　6.making
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究調查的結果：由于人類制造的光線問題，越來越多的鳥類如知更鳥在晚上也會唱歌，這會損耗很多能量，極大地影響了鳥的健康。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知，現代生活中的燈光使知更鳥頻繁唱歌。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第四段最后兩句可知，鳥兒唱歌頻繁，鳥兒的健康可能受到影響。
3.A　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文可知，烏鴉和海鷗情況也一樣，也就是說這兩種鳥晚上也唱歌。由此可推知，nocturnal指夜間活動的。
4.A　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，它們的天敵都去了安靜的地方。由此可推知，在這些工業區，天敵更少，也就是危險更少。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。媽媽以為自己發現了女兒的詩歌天賦，結果發現是自己誤會了女兒的意思。
5.B　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的Finding both items on the kitchen table in front of me， she bent over and began writing.和第二段內容可推知，Nina到廚房找紙和筆是為了寫一些東西給媽媽看。
6.D　細節理解題。根據第四段中的I settled on the following：“Nina is/Nina/the sweetest name/in the whole world.”可知，媽媽在讀過Nina所寫的“詩”后，以同樣的方式寫了一首詩回贈給Nina，以鼓勵她的詩歌天賦。
7.B　細節理解題。根據第六段中Nina所說的What’s this， Mom？和Where’s the answer？可知，Nina詢問了媽媽一個問題，而媽媽寫的詩并沒有回答她的問題，因此她皺起眉，表現出不高興。
8.A　詞義猜測題。根據上文內容可知，媽媽理解錯了Nina的意思，沒有就Nina的問題給出回答，而是寫了一首詩，因此媽媽“感到很難為情”，于是盡量充滿愛意地回答Nina的問題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一位音樂家在接受腦外科手術的過程中拉小提琴，醫生為了確保手術不會損傷拉小提琴所必需的大腦功能區域，在手術中叫醒了這位音樂家。
9.B　詞義猜測題。根據第一段最后一句可推知， keeping her hand’s functions intact表示“保持她的手部功能完好無損”。由此推知，畫線詞intact意為“完好無損的；完整的”，與undamaged的意思相近。
10.C　細節理解題。根據第三段首句可知，Ashkan和他的同事繪制Turner的大腦圖是為了準確識別與拉小提琴相關的活動區域及控制語言和運動的區域。
11.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的That means surgeons go into the operating room ...to a patient’s particular needs.可知，醫生能通過繪制病人的腦部活動圖為病人制訂個性化的手術方案。
12.A　標題歸納題。綜觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一位音樂家在腦外科手術的過程中拉小提琴，目的是確保手術不會損傷拉小提琴所必需的大腦活動區域。所以A項（音樂家參與了她自己的腦部手術）為本文最佳標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者家的鄉村商店成了當地的社區中心。
13.C　根據下文My parents’ dream was finally realized.可知，行事的良機到來。
14.D　根據上文可知，作者的父母一直夢想著開一家鄉村商店，從父親失業到全家從倫敦搬到懷利谷，再到他父母的夢想最終實現這些情節推斷，他家開商店的機會來了，因為一家小型的零售店在轉讓，尋找新店主。
15.B　根據第一段中的own a village shop和soon my family moved there from London可知，作者家搬到了懷利谷接手了這家鄉村商店。由此推斷，善良的當地人熱情歡迎他們一家。
16.A　本句描寫了村民們的熱情樸實。上文中的warm handshakes and friendly smiles和空后的formal introductions形成對比，熱情的握手和友好的微笑代替了正式的介紹。
17.D　根據下文beautifully wrapped bunches of flowers可知，村民們還送來了包裝精美的一束束鮮花。由此可推斷，問候卡應該也是經過精心措辭的。worded以（某種）措辭表達的。
18.B　本段講述了接手這家商店不久后作者的發現。
19.C　根據下文customers stopped and chatted， telling you about their families and their daily lives可知，村民來作者家的商店聊家常，這說明他們很悠閑，在這里時間似乎并不重要。
20.D　根據語境可知，作者比較了這里的生活和城市生活。城市生活中人們很少消磨時間，而這里生活悠閑，與城市充滿競爭的生活大不相同。a far cry from ...和……相去甚遠，與……大相徑庭；pass the time of day寒暄，打招呼，閑談一會兒。
21.A　根據下文中的managed to satisfy individual tastes可知，商店設法滿足了顧客的喜好，這說明作者一家逐步了解顧客對某些物品的偏好，且作者的父親永遠說到做到。
22.C　參見上題解析。true to one’s word信守諾言。
23.B　根據下文中的whenever he wasn’t able to meet a customer’s 　24　 for a particular product和would phone around various wholesalers可知，當作者的父親不能完成顧客的訂單時他會很苦惱，他給各個批發商打電話，為的是找到某個東西，以完成顧客的訂單。
24.D　參見上題解析。
25.A　參見第23題解析。
26.C　根據下文中的made it their priority可知，作者的父母永遠不會忘記鄉村社區那些年前的善意（指他們剛搬來時受到村民的熱情歡迎），每當為鄉村宴會或者慈善活動捐贈獎品的時候，作者的父母都會把這件事當作頭等大事來辦。
27.B　參見上題解析。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了用水杯演奏音樂的相關歷史。
28.where　考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾抽象名詞point （表示某種程度），且在從句中作狀語，故填where。
29.depending　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，設空處作狀語，且The particular tone與depend之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故填depending。
30.is　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處描述客觀事實，用一般現在時，且主語是water，謂語應用第三人稱單數形式，故填is。
31.be produced　考查被動語態。主語tones與動詞produce之間是被動關系，空處用被動語態，又因空前有情態動詞can，故填be produced。
32.musicians　考查名詞復數。musician意為“音樂家”，是可數名詞，設空處表示泛指，且其前無冠詞修飾限定，故填其復數形式musicians。
33.to play　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，設空處作目的狀語，指杯子套件是專門用來演奏音樂的，應用動詞不定式，故填to play。
34.the　考查冠詞。設空處特指上文中的glassychord這個名字，故填定冠詞the。
35.became　考查動詞的時態。根據下文中的Although its ...didn’t last可知，Benjamin Franklin發明的玻璃琴這個樂器曾經在歐洲地區很受歡迎，尤其是德國。設空處描述發生在過去的事情，用一般過去時，故填became。
36.popularity　考查名詞。根據語境及空前的its可知，設空處應用名詞，且表示“受歡迎”，故填popularity。
37.and　考查連詞。both ...and ...……和……都。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語
1.①Playing the qin was his life.
2.He played so well that everyone enjoyed ②listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.
3. Boya did not say anything before ③playing the qin， yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.
4.When Boya continued ④playing， Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.
5.⑤Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya， who never got tired of ⑥sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.
6.The two soon became great friends and before ⑦going their separate ways， they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.
7.After he finished ⑧playing the piece， he destroyed the qin and said，“Since the only person that understands my music is gone， it’s no use ⑨keeping the qin.”
【我的發現】
（1）以上句子中的加黑部分動詞-ing形式作主語的有　　　　；作動詞（短語）賓語的有　　　　；作介詞賓語的有　　　　。
（2）當動詞-ing形式在句子中作主語時，有時可以用形式主語　　　　來代替動詞-ing形式放在句首，把真正的主語放在后面。
動詞-ing形式包括了傳統語法中所說的動名詞和現在分詞。動詞-ing形式仍保留有動詞的許多特征，可以有自己的邏輯主語、賓語和狀語。同時動詞-ing形式又具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特性，可以在句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語等成分。本單元我們學習動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語。
一、動詞-ing形式作主語
1.動詞-ing形式作主語時，多表示經常性、習慣性的動作，通常置于句首。謂語動詞多用單數形式。
Reading aloud is a good way of learning languages.
大聲朗讀是學習語言的一個好辦法。
Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.
不給予足夠的贊揚和給予太多（贊揚）一樣有害。
Being praised by his teachers made him regain the confidence.
被老師表揚使他重獲自信。
【點津】　意義不同的兩個動詞-ing形式并列作主語時，謂語動詞需用復數形式。
Painting and collecting stamps are his hobbies.
畫畫和收集郵票是他的愛好。
2.形式主語it代替動詞-ing形式作主語。
（1）It is a waste of time doing sth
做某事是浪費時間
（2）It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth
做某事沒用的/值得的
（3）It’s no good/use/fun doing sth
做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思
It is a waste of time doing it.
做這件事是浪費時間。
It is worthwhile making the experiment.
做這個實驗是值得的。
It is no use learning without practice.
只學習而不實踐是沒用的。
3.動詞-ing形式的復合結構作主語時的兩種形式：
（1）形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞-ing形式；
（2）名詞（有生命的名詞）’s＋動詞-ing形式。
Their failing in the examination made them all very disappointed.
考試失敗使他們都很失望。
【即時演練1】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is the most popular way to learn English beyond the classroom.
聽英語歌曲是最普遍的課外英語學習方式。
②Since then， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　has been his life goal.
從那時起，尋找種植更多水稻的方法一直是他的人生目標。
③　　　　　　　　　　 talking to the young man.
和那個年輕人談話是浪費時間。
④It’s no 　　　　　　　　.You’d better give it up.
吸煙不好。你最好戒煙。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 made everyone present happy.
瑪麗的及時到來讓在場的每個人都很高興。
二、動詞-ing形式作賓語
　　動詞-ing形式作賓語時，可位于動詞之后，也可位于介詞之后，具體用法如下：
1.常接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞（短語）
appreciate（欣賞）、 consider（考慮）、 delay（推遲）、 avoid（避免）、 finish（完成）、 imagine（想象）、 miss（錯過）、 mean（意味著）、 resist（抗拒）、 risk（冒險）、 suggest（建議）、 mind（介意）、 escape（避開）、 admit（承認）、 allow（允許）、 give up（放棄）、 insist on（堅決要求）、 feel like（想要）、 be used to（習慣于）、 lead to（導致）、 look forward to（期待，盼望）等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他堅持要按照自己的方法做這件事。
I have never dreamed of visiting that place.
我從未夢想過要參觀那個地方。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary？
你介意把那本詞典遞給我嗎？
I have been looking forward to hearing from you.
我一直盼望著收到你的來信。
【助記】　以口訣記憶接動詞-ing形式作賓語的及物動詞（短語）：
建議考慮堅持練（suggest、 advise、 consider、 insist on、 practise）
允許想象棄冒險（permit、 allow、 imagine、 give up、 risk）
阻止抵抗否逃脫（prevent、 resist、 deny、 escape）
不禁介意保持完（can’t help、 mind、 keep、 finish）
耽誤推遲求原諒（delay、 put off、 require、 forgive、 excuse）
承認錯過欣喜歡（admit、 miss、 appreciate、 enjoy）
2.作介詞的賓語
動詞-ing形式位于介詞之后，構成介詞短語，在句中作定語或狀語。
These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.
這些措施為提高鋼的產量創造了條件。
After looking at his watch， he hurried to the station.
看了看表后，他匆忙趕往火車站。
He would never think of giving up this project.
他是絕不會考慮放棄這個計劃的。
3.有些動詞（短語）既可接動詞-ing形式又可接動詞不定式作賓語，后接動詞-ing形式和接動詞不定式作賓語時意義差別很大。
（1）remember doing sth記得曾經做過某事
remember to do sth　 記住去做某事
（2）forget doing sth　 忘記做過某事
forget to do sth 忘記去做某事
（3）stop doing sth 停止正做的事
stop to do sth 停下來做另外一件事（此處動詞不定式作狀語）
（4）mean doing sth 意味著做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
（5）regret doing sth 后悔做過某事
regret to do sth 遺憾去做某事
（6）try doing sth 試著做某事
try to do sth 努力做某事
（7）go on doing sth 繼續做同一件事
go on to do sth 完成一件事，接著做另一件事
The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness， so he tried treating her with new medicine.
這名醫生盡力為這位女士治病，因此他試著用一種新藥為她治療。
4.在need、 want、 require等動詞后接動詞-ing形式，即用主動形式表示被動意義。
need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done。
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
這扇窗子需要擦洗。
5.動詞-ing形式的復合結構作賓語時的四種形式：
（1）形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞-ing形式；
（2）名詞（有生命的名詞）’s＋動詞-ing形式；
（3）代詞賓格＋動詞-ing形式；
（4）名詞＋動詞-ing形式。
Forgive my/me interrupting you.
打擾了，請原諒。
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一點也不知道窗子是開著的。
【即時演練2】　用所給動詞的適當形式填空
①Did Jack admit 　　　　　　　　（take） some books without telling anybody？
②It is difficult to imagine his 　　　　　　（accept） the decision without any consideration.
③She didn’t feel like 　　　　　　（work）， so he suggested 　　　　　　（spend） the day in the garden.
④In addition to world hunger， some environmental problems need 　　　　　　（solve） soon.
⑤I regret 　　　　　　（tell） you that Tom regretted 　　　　　　（make） friends with you.
⑥I remembered my mother 　　　　　　（take） me to the seaside when I was a child. We forgot 　　　　　　（take） a towel and I felt very cold.
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
get down to （doing） sth開始做某事，開始認真注意（或對待）某事
【教材原句】　A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music.
一群科學家和藝術家開始著手挑選合適的音樂。
【用法】
get around/round 　四處走動，到處旅行；（消息等）傳開
get away from 從……脫離；逃脫
get away with 被放過；（做壞事）不受懲罰；攜某物潛逃
get along/on/with 進展；與……相處
get about 走動；到處旅行；（謠言）傳開
get over 爬過；越過；克服；痊愈；淡
忘；了解，傳達
get through 通過（考試）；完成；用光；聯
絡到
【佳句】　He got his coffee， came back and got down to listening.
他喝了咖啡，回來專心聽。
【練透】　用get的相關短語填空
①The policeman can’t have the thief 　　　　　　　　　　stealing people’s money.
②I don’t know how we are going to 　　　　　　　　　these difficulties.
③I tried phoning her office， but I couldn’t 　　　　　　　　.
④Many people like 　　　　　　　　all over the world.
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤Anyway， we’re here now， so let’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
不管怎樣，我們現在在這兒，因此讓我們著手處理一些重要的工作吧。
suitable adj.合適的，適宜的，適當的，適用的
【教材原句】　A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music.
一群科學家和藝術家開始著手挑選合適的音樂。
【用法】
（1）suitable for　　　　　對……適合的
suitable to do sth 適合做某事
（2）suit vt. 滿足（某人）需要；相配；合身
n. 西服，西裝；套裝
suit one’s needs 適合某人的需要
suit oneself 隨自己的意愿；自便
a suit of 一套
suit ...to ... 使……適合……
suit sb/sth 適合某人/某物
【佳句】　The school should create an environment that is suitable for the students to study.
學校應創造一個適合學生學習的環境。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①We all think this is a 　　　　　　（suit） place for a picnic.
②We need to find someone suitable 　　　　（replace） Mary.
③Firstly， because I’m good at spoken English，I think I 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
首先，因為我擅長英語口語，我認為我適合這項工作。
【寫美】　一句多譯
④要找個對每個人都合適的時間很困難。
→It’s difficult to find a time 　　　　　　　　　　　. （suit）
→It’s difficult to find a time 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. （suitable）
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困難
【教材原句】　Of course， they had trouble selecting which pieces of music to include.
當然，他們在選擇曲目時遇到了困難。
【用法】
（1）have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth　　　　　做某事有困難
have trouble/difficulty with sth
在某方面有困難
have no trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth
毫不費力地做某事
There’s trouble/difficulty with sth＝There’s trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth
做某事有困難
（2）get （sb） into trouble 使（某人）陷入困境；使（某人）遇到麻煩
in trouble 處于困境中
【品悟】　The guide leading the way， we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
向導領著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。
【寫美】　完成句子/句式升級
①When I went to a new place， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　the life there.
當我去一個新地方時，我很難適應那里的生活。
②Whenever I 　　　　　　　　　　　　my English study，Mr Liu is the one that I will turn to first.
無論我的英語學習有什么困難，我都會首先求助劉先生。
③I had great difficulty in finding your house.You can’t imagine the great difficulty.
→You can’t imagine the great difficulty 　　　　　　　　　　　　. （定語從句）
→You can’t imagine 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. （what引導的賓語從句）
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
（1）①⑤⑨　②④⑥⑧　③⑦　（2）it
即時演練1
①Listening to English songs　②finding ways to grow more rice　③It is a waste of time　④good smoking
⑤Mary’s coming here in time
即時演練2
①having taken　②accepting　③working； spending
④solving/to be solved　⑤to tell； making　⑥taking； to take
【核心知識·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①getting away with　②get over　③get through
④getting around/round　⑤get down to some serious work
2.①suitable　②to replace　③am suitable for this job
④that suits everybody； that is suitable for everybody
Part Ⅱ
　①had trouble/difficulty （in） getting used to
②have trouble/difficulty with　③I had finding your house； what great difficulty I had finding your house
7 / 7(共97張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
目 錄
1
重難語法·要攻克
2
核心知識·巧突破
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語
1. ①Playing the qin was his life.
2. He played so well that everyone enjoyed ②listening to his music and
thought highly of his techniques.
3. Boya did not say anything before ③playing the qin， yet Zhong Ziqi
was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.
4. When Boya continued ④playing， Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the
sound of a river flowing quickly.
5. ⑤Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya，
who never got tired of ⑥sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.
6. The two soon became great friends and before ⑦going their separate
ways， they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.
7. After he finished ⑧playing the piece， he destroyed the qin and said，
“Since the only person that understands my music is gone， it’s no use
⑨keeping the qin.”
【我的發現】
（1）以上句子中的加藍部分動詞-ing形式作主語的有 ；作
動詞（短語）賓語的有 ；作介詞賓語的有 。
（2）當動詞-ing形式在句子中作主語時，有時可以用形式主語
來代替動詞-ing形式放在句首，把真正的主語放在后面。
①⑤⑨　
②④⑥⑧　
③⑦
it　
動詞-ing形式包括了傳統語法中所說的動名詞和現在分詞。動詞-
ing形式仍保留有動詞的許多特征，可以有自己的邏輯主語、賓語和狀
語。同時動詞-ing形式又具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特性，可以在句
中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語等成分。本單元
我們學習動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語。
一、動詞-ing形式作主語
1. 動詞-ing形式作主語時，多表示經常性、習慣性的動作，通常置于
句首。謂語動詞多用單數形式。
Reading aloud is a good way of learning languages.
大聲朗讀是學習語言的一個好辦法。
Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.
不給予足夠的贊揚和給予太多（贊揚）一樣有害。
Being praised by his teachers made him regain the confidence.
被老師表揚使他重獲自信。
【點津】　意義不同的兩個動詞-ing形式并列作主語時，謂語動詞
需用復數形式。
Painting and collecting stamps are his hobbies.
畫畫和收集郵票是他的愛好。
2. 形式主語it代替動詞-ing形式作主語。
（1）It is a waste of time doing sth
做某事是浪費時間
（2）It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth
做某事沒用的/值得的
（3）It’s no good/use/fun doing sth
做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思
It is a waste of time doing it.
做這件事是浪費時間。
It is worthwhile making the experiment.
做這個實驗是值得的。
It is no use learning without practice.
只學習而不實踐是沒用的。
3. 動詞-ing形式的復合結構作主語時的兩種形式：
（1）形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞-ing形式；
（2）名詞（有生命的名詞）’s＋動詞-ing形式。
Their failing in the examination made them all very
disappointed.
考試失敗使他們都很失望。
【即時演練1】　完成句子
① is the most popular way to learn English
beyond the classroom.
聽英語歌曲是最普遍的課外英語學習方式。
②Since then， has been his life goal.
從那時起，尋找種植更多水稻的方法一直是他的人生目標。
③ talking to the young man.
和那個年輕人談話是浪費時間。
Listening to English songs　
finding ways to grow more rice　
It is a waste of time
④It’s no .You’d better give it up.
吸煙不好。你最好戒煙。
⑤ made everyone present happy.
瑪麗的及時到來讓在場的每個人都很高興。
good smoking　
Mary’s coming here in time　
二、動詞-ing形式作賓語
　　動詞-ing形式作賓語時，可位于動詞之后，也可位于介詞之后，
具體用法如下：
1. 常接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞（短語）
appreciate（欣賞）、 consider（考慮）、 delay（推遲）、 avoid
（避免）、 finish（完成）、 imagine（想象）、 miss（錯過）、
mean（意味著）、 resist（抗拒）、 risk（冒險）、 suggest（建
議）、 mind（介意）、 escape（避開）、 admit（承認）、 allow
（允許）、 give up（放棄）、 insist on（堅決要求）、 feel like
（想要）、 be used to（習慣于）、 lead to（導致）、 look forward
to（期待，盼望）等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他堅持要按照自己的方法做這件事。
I have never dreamed of visiting that place.
我從未夢想過要參觀那個地方。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary？
你介意把那本詞典遞給我嗎？
I have been looking forward to hearing from you.
我一直盼望著收到你的來信。
【助記】　以口訣記憶接動詞-ing形式作賓語的及物動詞（短語）：
建議考慮堅持練（suggest、 advise、 consider、 insist on、 practise）
允許想象棄冒險（permit、 allow、 imagine、 give up、 risk）
阻止抵抗否逃脫（prevent、 resist、 deny、 escape）
不禁介意保持完（can’t help、 mind、 keep、 finish）
耽誤推遲求原諒（delay、 put off、 require、 forgive、 excuse）
承認錯過欣喜歡（admit、 miss、 appreciate、 enjoy）
2. 作介詞的賓語
動詞-ing形式位于介詞之后，構成介詞短語，在句中作定語或狀語。
These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.
這些措施為提高鋼的產量創造了條件。
After looking at his watch， he hurried to the station.
看了看表后，他匆忙趕往火車站。
He would never think of giving up this project.
他是絕不會考慮放棄這個計劃的。
3. 有些動詞（短語）既可接動詞-ing形式又可接動詞不定式作賓語，后接動詞-ing形式和接動詞不定式作賓語時意義差別很大。
（1）remember doing sth記得曾經做過某事
remember to do sth 記住去做某事
（2）forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
forget to do sth 忘記去做某事
（3）stop doing sth 停止正做的事
stop to do sth 停下來做另外一件事（此處動詞不
定式作狀語）
（4）mean doing sth 意味著做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
（5）regret doing sth 后悔做過某事
regret to do sth 遺憾去做某事
（6）try doing sth 試著做某事
try to do sth 努力做某事
（7）go on doing sth 繼續做同一件事
go on to do sth 完成一件事，接著做另一件事
The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness， so he tried treating her with new medicine.
這名醫生盡力為這位女士治病，因此他試著用一種新藥為她治療。
4. 在need、 want、 require等動詞后接動詞-ing形式，即用主動形式表
示被動意義。
need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done。
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
這扇窗子需要擦洗。
5. 動詞-ing形式的復合結構作賓語時的四種形式：
（1）形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞-ing形式；
（2）名詞（有生命的名詞）’s＋動詞-ing形式；
（3）代詞賓格＋動詞-ing形式；
（4）名詞＋動詞-ing形式。
Forgive my/me interrupting you.
打擾了，請原諒。
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一點也不知道窗子是開著的。
【即時演練2】　用所給動詞的適當形式填空
①Did Jack admit （take） some books without telling
anybody？
②It is difficult to imagine his （accept） the decision
without any consideration.
③She didn’t feel like （work）， so he
suggested （spend） the day in the garden.
④In addition to world hunger， some environmental problems
need （solve） soon.
having taken　
accepting　
working　
spending　
solving/to be solved　
⑤I regret （tell） you that Tom regretted
（make） friends with you.
⑥I remembered my mother （take） me to the seaside when I
was a child. We forgot （take） a towel and I felt very cold.
to tell　
making　
taking　
to take　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
2
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
get down to （doing） sth開始做某事，開始認真注意（或對待）
某事
【教材原句】　A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing
suitable music.
一群科學家和藝術家開始著手挑選合適的音樂。
get around/round 　四處走動，到處旅行；（消息等）傳開
get away from 從……脫離；逃脫
get away with 被放過；（做壞事）不受懲罰；攜某物潛逃
get along/on/with 進展；與……相處
get about 走動；到處旅行；（謠言）傳開
get over　爬過；越過；克服；痊愈；淡忘；了解，傳達
get through　通過（考試）；完成；用光；聯絡到
【用法】
【佳句】　He got his coffee， came back and got down to listening.
他喝了咖啡，回來專心聽。
【練透】　用get的相關短語填空
①The policeman can’t have the thief stealing
people’s money.
②I don’t know how we are going to these difficulties.
③I tried phoning her office， but I couldn’t .
④Many people like all over the world.
getting away with　
get over　
get through　
getting around/round　
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤Anyway， we’re here now， so let’s
.
不管怎樣，我們現在在這兒，因此讓我們著手處理一些重要的工
作吧。
get down to some serious
work　
suitable adj.合適的，適宜的，適當的，適用的
【教材原句】　A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing
suitable music.
一群科學家和藝術家開始著手挑選合適的音樂。
（1）suitable for　　對……適合的
suitable to do sth 適合做某事
（2）suit vt.　滿足（某人）需要；相配；合身
　　n. 西服，西裝；套裝
suit one’s needs 適合某人的需要
suit oneself 隨自己的意愿；自便
a suit of 一套
suit ...to ... 使……適合……
suit sb/sth 適合某人/某物
【用法】
【佳句】　The school should create an environment that is suitable for
the students to study.
學校應創造一個適合學生學習的環境。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①We all think this is a （suit） place for a picnic.
②We need to find someone suitable （replace） Mary.
③Firstly， because I’m good at spoken English，I think I
.
首先，因為我擅長英語口語，我認為我適合這項工作。
suitable　
to replace　
am suitable
for this job　
【寫美】　一句多譯
④要找個對每個人都合適的時間很困難。
→It’s difficult to find a time . （suit）
→It’s difficult to find a time .
（suitable）
that suits everybody　
that is suitable for everybody　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困難
【教材原句】　Of course， they had trouble selecting which pieces of
music to include.
當然，他們在選擇曲目時遇到了困難。
（1）have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth　　做某事有困難
have trouble/difficulty with sth 在某方面有困難
have no trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth 毫不費力地做某事
There’s trouble/difficulty with sth＝There’s trouble/difficulty （in）
doing sth 做某事有困難
（2）get （sb） into trouble 使（某人）陷入困境；使（某人）遇到
麻煩
in trouble 處于困境中
【用法】
【品悟】　The guide leading the way， we had no trouble getting out
of the forest.
向導領著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。
【寫美】　完成句子/句式升級
①When I went to a new place， I
the life there.
當我去一個新地方時，我很難適應那里的生活。
had trouble/difficulty （in） getting
used to　
②Whenever I my English study，Mr Liu is
the one that I will turn to first.
無論我的英語學習有什么困難，我都會首先求助劉先生。
③I had great difficulty in finding your house.You can’t imagine the great
difficulty.
→You can’t imagine the great difficulty .
（定語從句）
→You can’t imagine .
（what引導的賓語從句）
have trouble/difficulty with
I had finding your house　
what great difficulty I had finding your house　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
用所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. When he saw me， he stopped （say） hello to me.
2. The two students who had broken the school rules were lucky enough to
escape （punish）.
3. It is considered no good （recite） without understanding.
to say　
being punished　
reciting　
4. We couldn’t help （laugh） after we heard his funny
story.
5. Why did you keep me （wait） here for so long a time？
6. I remembered （return） the book to you；you must
have lost it.
7. As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area
needed （repair）.
8. It is difficult to imagine his （accept） the decision
without any consideration.
laughing　
waiting　
returning　
repairing/to be repaired　
accepting　
9. If you think that treating a woman well means always
（get） her permission for things， think again.
10. Later she scolded her daughter for （talk） to her
father like that.
getting　
having talked　
維度二：語法與寫作
用動詞-ing形式完成下列句子。
1. Thank you for my speech.
謝謝你來聽我的演講。
2. I really appreciate to relax with you on this nice island.
我真的很感激能有時間和你在這個美麗的島上放松。
3. Would you mind the door？
你介意我打開門嗎？
4. is bad for your eyes.
在陽光下看書對你的眼睛有害。
listening to　
having time
my/me opening　
Reading in the sun　
5. In some parts of London， means waiting for another
hour.
在倫敦的一些地區，錯過一輛公共汽車意味著要再等一個小時。
6. by bus usually takes me 10 minutes.
乘公共汽車上學通常要花費我10分鐘的時間。
missing a bus　
Going to school　
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
Making a web page takes some time and practice， but it is not too
difficult.1. （understand） the procedure is the
key.First you need to find a host， which is a computer company
2. （give） you space on the Internet for your web page.Some
companies， such as Yahoo， sell cheap web space to people.
Understanding　
giving　
Then you can start 3. （design） your website.One of
the most common languages used for 4. （create） web pages
is called HTML. This is simply a set of tags telling the computer how
5. （put） words and pictures on a web page.Once you’ve
created your web page， you can save it as an HTML document and view
it in your web browser.Do not worry about 6. （make） a
mistake.If your page looks wrong， simply find the mistake and correct it.
to design　
creating　
to put　
making　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　“Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day. But robins are in
danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing
all night — as well as during the day，” British-based researchers say.
　　David Dominoni， of Glasgow University， said that light from
street lamps， takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological
clocks， leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
　　Dr Dominoni， who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track
sleeping patterns， said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His
study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it
leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more
birds are exposed to light， the more active they are at night.
　　He told people at a conference， “There have been a couple of
studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during
the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes
energy. So by increasing their song output， there might be some costs of
energy.”
　　And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.
Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni
said， “In Glasgow where I live， gulls are a serious problem. I have
people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill
these gulls？’ During the breeding （繁殖） season， between April
and June， they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t
sleep.”
　　Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution， other
research concludes that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at
night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
　　However， some birds thrive （興旺） in noisy environments. A
study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in
areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are
capitalising on their predators （天敵） fleeing to quieter areas.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究調查的結
果：由于人類制造的光線問題，越來越多的鳥類如知更鳥在晚上也
會唱歌，這會損耗很多能量，極大地影響了鳥的健康。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究調查的結
果：由于人類制造的光線問題，越來越多的鳥類如知更鳥在晚上也
會唱歌，這會損耗很多能量，極大地影響了鳥的健康。
1. According to Dr Dominoni’s study， what causes robins to sing so
much？
A. The breeding season.
B. The light in modern life.
C. The dangerous environment.
D. The noise from heavy machinery.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知，現代生活中的燈光
使知更鳥頻繁唱歌。
2. What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds’ song
output？
A. The environment might be polluted.
B. The birds’ health might be damaged.
C. The industry cost might be increased.
D. The people’s hearing might be affected.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段最后兩句可知，鳥兒唱歌頻
繁，鳥兒的健康可能受到影響。
3. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night.
B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day.
D. Inactive during the day.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文可知，烏鴉和海鷗情況也
一樣，也就是說這兩種鳥晚上也唱歌。由此可推知，nocturnal指夜
間活動的。
4. Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments？
A. Because there are fewer dangers.
B. Because there is more food to eat.
C. Because there is less light pollution.
D. Because there are more places to take shelter.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，它們的天敵
都去了安靜的地方。由此可推知，在這些工業區，天敵更少，也就
是危險更少。
B
　　One Saturday morning， when I was in the kitchen drinking coffee
and reading the newspaper， my 6-year-old daughter， Nina， came in
hunting for a pen and paper. Finding both items on the kitchen table in
front of me， she bent over and began writing. She looked up at me
once， meaning for me to notice her. Meanwhile， I wondered what she
could be writing.
　　Then， as quickly as she had begun， she finished. She pushed the
pad of paper （便簽本） back in my direction， and jumped out of the
kitchen.
　　I pulled the notepad towards me， and read the note. I read it again，
and then again， so there could be no mistake. Nina had written a beautiful
poem about me！ “Mom is a/Golden Delicious/the softest apple/in the
world.”
　　I sat still for several minutes， holding the notepad in midair. Nina
loved me and had found her poetic voice to tell me so. But first， I had
work to do. Surely her poetic talent had to be encouraged. After several
gulps （幾大口） of coffee， I settled on the following：“Nina
is/Nina/the sweetest name/in the whole world.”
　　Calling her back into the kitchen， I pushed the notepad towards her
and smiled shyly.
　　“What’s this， Mom？” she frowned （皺眉）， handing the
notepad back to me. “Where’s the answer？”
　　Thoughts ran through my head as I took the paper back and studied
the poem again. Eventually， I found it， the missing punctuation （標點
符號）. Mentally adding a comma （逗號） after “Mom”， and a
question mark to the end， I understood. Despite the hard reality of the
situation staring me in the face， I insisted that her words were a poem.
　　Eating crow， I tried to answer her question as lovingly as I could，
“I don’t know， Nina. I hadn’t thought of it that way before. Do you
think Golden Delicious are the softest apples in the world？”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。媽媽以為自己發現了女兒的詩歌天
賦，結果發現是自己誤會了女兒的意思。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。媽媽以為自己發現了女兒的詩歌天
賦，結果發現是自己誤會了女兒的意思。
5. For what purpose did Nina look for a pen and paper？
A. To play a game.
B. To write a message.
C. To draw a picture of Mom.
D. To note down Mom’s name.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的Finding both items on the
kitchen table in front of me， she bent over and began writing.和第二段
內容可推知，Nina到廚房找紙和筆是為了寫一些東西給媽媽看。
6. What did Mom do immediately after she read the note？
A. She corrected the language mistakes in it.
B. She called Nina back into the kitchen.
C. She made herself a cup of coffee.
D. She wrote a poem in return.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段中的I settled on the following：
“Nina is/Nina/the sweetest name/in the whole world.”可知，媽媽在
讀過Nina所寫的“詩”后，以同樣的方式寫了一首詩回贈給Nina，
以鼓勵她的詩歌天賦。
7. Why did Nina show displeasure？
A. She couldn’t punctuate correctly.
B. She didn’t get the answer she wanted.
C. She couldn’t understand Mom’s words.
D. She didn’t want to use a notepad to write.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第六段中Nina所說的What’s this，
Mom？和Where’s the answer？可知，Nina詢問了媽媽一個問題，而
媽媽寫的詩并沒有回答她的問題，因此她皺起眉，表現出不高興。
8. What might the underlined words “Eating crow” in the last paragraph
mean？
A. Being shamed. B. Getting worried.
C. Looking hopeful. D. Feeling confident.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據上文內容可知，媽媽理解錯了Nina的
意思，沒有就Nina的問題給出回答，而是寫了一首詩，因此媽媽
“感到很難為情”，于是盡量充滿愛意地回答Nina的問題。
C
　　As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turner’s brain， the sound
of a violin filled the operating room. The music came from the patient on
the operating table. In a video from the surgery， the violinist was moving
her bow （琴弓） up and down as surgeons worked to remove her brain
tumor （腫瘤）. The King’s College Hospital surgeons woke her up in the
middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the
brain necessary for playing the violin and keeping her hand’s
functions .
intact　
　　Turner， 53， learned that she had a slow-growing tumor. Later
doctors found that it had become more aggressive and the violinist decided
to have surgery to remove it. “We knew how important the violin is to
Turner， so it was vital that we preserved functions of the delicate areas of
her brain that allowed her to play，” Keyoumars Ashkan， a doctor at
King’s College Hospital， said in a press release.
　　Before Turner’s operation， Ashkan and his colleagues spent two
hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when
she played the violin and those controlling language and movement.
Waking her up during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether
those parts were suffering damage.
　　Brad Mahon， expert at Carnegie Mellon University， said the basic
features of an “awake craniotomy” — the type of brain surgery where
patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas — have
remained largely unchanged for decades. But he said that doctors are now
able to map the patient’s brain activity in great detail before the surgery
using an imaging technique called functional MRI. That means surgeons go
into the operating room with far more information about a specific patient’s
brain. That kind of information helps doctors tailor surgical plans to a
patient’s particular needs.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一位音樂家在接受腦外
科手術的過程中拉小提琴，醫生為了確保手術不會損傷拉小提琴所
必需的大腦功能區域，在手術中叫醒了這位音樂家。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一位音樂家在接受腦外
科手術的過程中拉小提琴，醫生為了確保手術不會損傷拉小提琴所
必需的大腦功能區域，在手術中叫醒了這位音樂家。
9. What does the underlined word “intact” in the first paragraph mean？
A. Strong. B. Undamaged.
C. Talented. D. Influential.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據第一段最后一句可推知， keeping her
hand’s functions intact表示“保持她的手部功能完好無損”。由此推
知，畫線詞intact意為“完好無損的；完整的”，與undamaged的意
思相近。
10. Why did Ashkan and his colleagues map Turner’s brain before the
operation？
A. To keep her brain more active when she played the violin.
B. To monitor whether her brain had suffered severe damage.
C. To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely.
D. To remove the tumor while keeping all functions of her brain.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段首句可知，Ashkan和他的同事
繪制Turner的大腦圖是為了準確識別與拉小提琴相關的活動區域及
控制語言和運動的區域。
11. What can we know according to Brad Mahon？
A. Doctors are using an imaging technique to monitor the surgery.
B. Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in an operation.
C. A patient’s language ability couldn’t be preserved before.
D. Surgeons can personalize a patient’s operation by mapping the patient’s
brain.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的That means surgeons go
into the operating room ...to a patient’s particular needs.可知，醫生能
通過繪制病人的腦部活動圖為病人制訂個性化的手術方案。
12. What is the best title for the passage？
A. Musician Joined in Her Own Brain Surgery
B. Mapping a Brain Is Realized After Surgery
C. The Violinist Suffers From a Brain Tumor
D. Doctors Perform Surgery on a Brain
解析：　標題歸納題。綜觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一位音樂
家在腦外科手術的過程中拉小提琴，目的是確保手術不會損傷拉
小提琴所必需的大腦活動區域。所以A項（音樂家參與了她自己的
腦部手術）為本文最佳標題。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Ever since I can remember， it was always the dream of my parents
to own a village shop. One spring， after my father lost his job， a
window of 　13　 arrived. A small retail establishment （零售店） in the
beautiful Wylye Valley was looking for a new 　14　， and soon my
family moved there from London. My parents’ dream was finally realized.
　　From day one， the kind 　15　 — many of whom became lifelong
friends — welcomed us to the village with warm handshakes and friendly
smiles 　16　 formal introductions. There were thoughtfully 　17　
greeting cards and beautifully wrapped bunches of flowers given to my
mother.
　　As I was soon to 　18　， our village shop was not only a business
but a center of the local community； a place where 　19　 didn’t seem to
have any importance； where customers stopped and chatted， telling you
about their families and their daily lives； a far cry from the 　20　 world
of urban living where people， it seemed， seldom passed the time of day.
　　We got to know our customers’ 　21　 for certain items， and
managed to satisfy individual tastes. My father， forever 　22　 to his
word， almost became 　23　 whenever he wasn’t able to meet a
customer’s 　24　 for a particular product， and would phone around
various wholesalers （批發商） to 　25　 it.
　　My parents never 　26　 the kindness the community showed all
those years before and made it their priority （優先事項） when it came
to 　27　 prizes for village functions （宴會） or charitable events.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者家的鄉村商店成了當地的社區
中心。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者家的鄉村商店成了當地的社區
中心。
13. A. fitness B. contribution
C. opportunity D. interest
解析：　根據下文My parents’ dream was finally realized.可知，行
事的良機到來。
14. A. customer B. product
C. house D. owner
解析：　根據上文可知，作者的父母一直夢想著開一家鄉村商
店，從父親失業到全家從倫敦搬到懷利谷，再到他父母的夢想最
終實現這些情節推斷，他家開商店的機會來了，因為一家小型的
零售店在轉讓，尋找新店主。
15. A. audiences B. locals
C. relatives D. partners
解析：　根據第一段中的own a village shop和soon my family
moved there from London可知，作者家搬到了懷利谷接手了這家鄉
村商店。由此推斷，善良的當地人熱情歡迎他們一家。
16. A. replacing B. bringing
C. explaining D. limiting
解析：　本句描寫了村民們的熱情樸實。上文中的warm
handshakes and friendly smiles和空后的formal introductions形成對
比，熱情的握手和友好的微笑代替了正式的介紹。
17. A. analyzed B. preserved
C. marked D. worded
解析：　根據下文beautifully wrapped bunches of flowers可知，村
民們還送來了包裝精美的一束束鮮花。由此可推斷，問候卡應該
也是經過精心措辭的。worded以（某種）措辭表達的。
18. A. complain B. discover
C. decide D. reflect
解析：　本段講述了接手這家商店不久后作者的發現。
19. A. fortune B. culture C. time D. life
解析：　根據下文customers stopped and chatted， telling you
about their families and their daily lives可知，村民來作者家的商店
聊家常，這說明他們很悠閑，在這里時間似乎并不重要。
20. A. private B. imaginary
C. peaceful D. competitive
解析：　根據語境可知，作者比較了這里的生活和城市生活。城
市生活中人們很少消磨時間，而這里生活悠閑，與城市充滿競爭
的生活大不相同。a far cry from ...和……相去甚遠，與……大相徑
庭；pass the time of day寒暄，打招呼，閑談一會兒。
21. A. preferences B. designs
C. tips D. plans
解析：　根據下文中的managed to satisfy individual tastes可知，
商店設法滿足了顧客的喜好，這說明作者一家逐步了解顧客對某
些物品的偏好，且作者的父親永遠說到做到。
22. A. creative B. fair C. true D. patient
解析：　參見上題解析。true to one’s word信守諾言。
23. A. bored B. upset C. curious D. excited
解析：　根據下文中的whenever he wasn’t able to meet a
customer’s 24 for a particular product和would phone around
various wholesalers可知，當作者的父親不能完成顧客的訂單時他
會很苦惱，他給各個批發商打電話，為的是找到某個東西，以完
成顧客的訂單。
24. A. proposal B. test C. standard D. order
解析：　參見上題解析。
25. A. locate B. prove
C. share D. exchange
解析：　參見第23題解析。
26. A. stressed B. judged C. forgot D. hid
解析：　根據下文中的made it their priority可知，作者的父母永
遠不會忘記鄉村社區那些年前的善意（指他們剛搬來時受到村民
的熱情歡迎），每當為鄉村宴會或者慈善活動捐贈獎品的時候，
作者的父母都會把這件事當作頭等大事來辦。
27. A. selling B. donating
C. winning D. gathering
解析：　參見上題解析。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Water glasses， especially pure crystal （水晶） glasses， have a
natural frequency at which they will vibrate （振動）. When you rub （摩
擦） the edge of the glass， your finger will cause vibrations. When these
vibrations match the natural frequency of the glass， the vibrations can
increase to the point 　28　 you can hear a tone.
　　The particular tone will vary 　29　 （depend） upon many different
factors， including the quality of the glass， its thickness， and how
much， if any， water 　30　 （be） in the glass. In fact， different
tones can 　31　 （produce） by putting different amounts of water into
several different glasses.
　　Although you won’t find modern 　32　 （musician） playing a set
of crystal glasses at a concert， using glasses for music-making was
popular for a brief time long ago. People have been creating musical notes
with glasses since the 1400s. In fact， sets of glasses made
specifically 　33　 （play） music were popular in England in the early
1700s.
　　In the early 1760s， after seeing a performance on water glasses in
London， Benjamin Franklin invented a mechanical version of a set of
water glasses that he at first called the “glassychord”. He eventually
changed 　34　 name to the armonica （玻璃琴）. His
instrument 　35　 （become） popular in Europe， especially in
Germany. Although its 　36　 （popular） didn’t last， the armonica did
make an impression on both Mozart 　37　 Beethoven， who each wrote
pieces for the armonica.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了用水杯演奏音樂的
相關歷史。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了用水杯演奏音樂的
相關歷史。
28. where　考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾抽象名
詞point （表示某種程度），且在從句中作狀語，故填where。
29. depending　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，設空處作狀語，且
The particular tone與depend之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故填
depending。
30. is　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處描述客觀事實，用一般現
在時，且主語是water，謂語應用第三人稱單數形式，故填is。
31. be produced　考查被動語態。主語tones與動詞produce之間是被動
關系，空處用被動語態，又因空前有情態動詞can，故填be
produced。
32. musicians　考查名詞復數。musician意為“音樂家”，是可數名
詞，設空處表示泛指，且其前無冠詞修飾限定，故填其復數形式
musicians。
33. to play　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，設空處作目的狀語，指
杯子套件是專門用來演奏音樂的，應用動詞不定式，故填to play。
34. the　考查冠詞。設空處特指上文中的glassychord這個名字，故填
定冠詞the。
35. became　考查動詞的時態。根據下文中的Although its ...didn’t last
可知，Benjamin Franklin發明的玻璃琴這個樂器曾經在歐洲地區很受
歡迎，尤其是德國。設空處描述發生在過去的事情，用一般過去時，
故填became。
36. popularity　考查名詞。根據語境及空前的its可知，設空處應用名
詞，且表示“受歡迎”，故填popularity。
37. and　考查連詞。both ...and ...……和……都。
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