資源簡介

單元質量檢測（一）　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
（滿分150分，時間120分鐘）
第一部分　聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）
第一節（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1.What are the speakers talking about？
A.The man’s weekend activities.　　　
B.The woman’s favourite sport.　　
C.The city they live in.
2.What does the man do？
A.He’s a businessman. B.He’s a doctor. C.He’s a student.
3.When did the speakers start talking？
A.At 2：50. B.At 3：00. C.At 3：10.
4.What does the woman want to do？
A.Borrow money from the man. B.Go to the bank. C.Start up a business.
5.What is the man’s research field？
A.Education. B.Insects. C.Finance.
第二節（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6.What kind of job did the woman take after graduation？
A.Teaching. B.Marketing. C.Volunteering.
7.What does the woman think the man should do？
A.Take his job immediately.
B.Not worry about the money.
C.Make a decision and stick to it.
聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
8.Where does the woman advise the man to apply for a job？
A.In a newspaper office. B.In a travel agency. C.In a car factory.
9.What does the man ask the woman about the job？
A.The pay. B.The experience. C.The working conditions.
聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
10.Why didn’t the man realise his childhood dream？
A.His parents didn’t support him.
B.He was offered another good job.
C.He lost interest in it later.
11.What did the woman want to be when she was a little girl？
A.A pilot. B.A scientist. C.A teacher.
12.What languages is the woman good at？
A.English and French. B.English and Italian. C.French and Italian.
聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
13.Who is Jenny？
A.The man’s wife. B.The man’s sister. C.The woman’s colleague.
14.How long has it been since the speakers’ graduation？
A.Three years. B.Ten years. C.Thirteen years.
15.What do we know about the man？
A.He continued his studies after graduation.
B.He once worked at a law firm.
C.He is working in a trade company.
16.When will the speakers meet each other again？
A.This Saturday. B.This Sunday. C.Next Saturday.
聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。
17.What is Bill Gates famous for according to the speaker？
A.His family background.
B.His position in society.
C.His educational background.
18.What did Bill Gates do in 1975？
A.He went to Harvard University.
B.He began to develop new software.
C.He sold his inventions to MITS.
19.When did Bill Gates leave Microsoft？
A.In 2000. B.In 2008. C.In 2014.
20.Which of the following is TRUE according to the talk？
A.Bill Gates grew up in Washington.
B.Bill Gates’ mother worked as a lawyer.
C.IBM partnered with Microsoft for a short time.
第二部分　閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）
第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
　　About
We believe the name says it all. was created by a teacher to make the news accessible to kids.We carefully choose high interest stories appropriate to the audience， and present them in a way that is easy to understand.
We work hard to use simple language when telling the stories.It’s easy for advanced readers to read “down”， but not for struggling readers to read “up”.
We understand that there are side effects to simplifying the language and adding background information.But we think we offer something important that’s hard to find： News told in an accessible manner.Real news， told simply.
NFK Subscriptions！
If you like ， but don’t like the ads， we’ve got good news for you： Now you can subscribe to support NFK and go ad-free.
When we launched nearly two years ago， we had the goal of bringing high-quality， engaging， understandable news to kids everywhere — for free.We wanted kids around the world to have equal access.
But takes a lot of time and money to produce.That’s why we carry a few ads， as much as we dislike advertisements.
We’re very pleased to announce that today is launching its subscription program.Subscriptions are available on a monthly or yearly basis.If you enjoy and would like to keep it going， please consider subscribing！
　　What Can I Expect？
If you subscribe， you’ll have your own login and ads will be turned off for you as long as you are logged in.
Contact Us
To get in touch with us at ， please choose one of the options below：
General comments and feedback：
contact@
Technical issues or help with subscriptions：
support@
21.What is the major feature of ？
A.It is free of charge. B.It’s easy to understand.
C.It tells interesting stories. D.It covers a variety of topics.
22.What’s the benefit of subscribing to ？
A.Reading more news. B.Getting some presents.
C.Receiving earlier updates. D.Turning off advertisements.
23.What’s the main purpose of the passage？
A.To introduce NFK’s main contents. B.To make more people know about NFK.
C.To attract some financial support for NFK. D.To announce NFK’s subscription program.
B
　　Programming Intern （實習）.I wasn’t sure why this job announcement appeared on my screen.I was looking for a real job， not an internship.
I had been looking for a part-time job and making no progress at all.Overeducated forty-nine-year-olds who have been out of the traditional workforce for fifteen years are not a hot commodity on the job market.
I couldn’t help but read the description on the job board.“Interns will create an educational program for their local national wildlife refuge.” Then， I looked at the qualifications.“Enthusiastic people who are great at written communications.” Check.“Previous experience in environmental conservation or any science coursework.” Uncheck.
Not a single aspect of my job or educational experience matched these requirements.I figured I was too old， too unqualified.I must give up the absurd thought of trying.
However， another strong inner voice can sound， too.All I could hear was one thing： Apply for the internship！ I looked at the job announcement one more time.It asked for a brief description of my relevant experience.I had no idea what to write.Anyhow， I finished my résume， sent in my application that same morning and soon forgot about it.
Two days later， I got an interview request for the next day.It was a video interview， something I had never done before.I couldn’t believe I was contacted at all.I changed my shirt four times before the call.I tested the camera angle in numerous spots in my house， trying to decide which lighting made me look less old.
“Hi， Denise！ We are super excited you applied to intern with us.A real writer！ Your résume is just fantastic，” Lynnea welcomed me warmly.And then she asked me some questions about my personal experiences and expectations.
That same night， I received the email，“Congratulations！ We would love to offer you the position as Programming Intern with our team.”
24.What do we learn about the author？
A.She was in her thirties. B.She wasn’t well-educated.
C.She lacked necessary qualifications. D.She needed some work experience.
25.Why did the author change her shirt four times before the call？
A.She was very nervous. B.To leave a good impression.
C.She was particular about clothes. D.To attract the interviewer’s attention.
26.How did the author feel about the final result？
A.Moved and thankful. B.Confused and doubtful.
C.Surprised and excited. D.Disappointed and worried.
27.What message does the author try to convey by writing the text？
A.Age shouldn’t prevent you from getting a job. B.You never know what you can do until you try.
C.Having a passion helps you find your dream job. D.Keep working hard and you’ll realise your dream.
C
　　The 80/20 Principle， also known as the 80/20 Rule， claims that a minority of causes， inputs， or effort usually lead to a majority of results， outputs， or rewards.Taken literally， this means that， for example， 80 percent of what you achieve in your job comes from 20 percent of the time spent.Thus for all practical purposes， four-fifths of the effort — a dominant part of it — is largely irrelevant.This is contrary to what people normally expect.
So the 80/20 Principle states that there is an inbuilt imbalance between causes and results， inputs and outputs， and effort and rewards.
The pattern underlying the 80/20 Principle was discovered in 1897， about 100 years ago， by Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto （1848－1923）.In business， twenty percent of products usually account for about 80 percent of dollar sales value； so do 20 percent of customers.In society， 20 percent of criminals account for 80 percent of the value of all crime.Twenty percent of motorists cause 80 percent of accidents.In the home， 20 percent of your carpets are likely to get 80 percent of the wear.Twenty percent of your clothes will be worn 80 percent of the time.
IBM was one of the earliest and most successful corporations to spot and use the 80/20 Principle.In 1963， IBM discovered that about 80 percent of a computer’s time is spent executing about 20 percent of the operating code.The company immediately rewrote its operating software to make the most-used 20 percent very accessible and user friendly， thus making IBM computers more efficient and faster than competitors’ machines for the majority of applications.
Why should you care about the 80/20 Principle？ Whether you realise it or not， the principle applies to your life， to your social world， and to the place where you work.Understanding the 80/20 Principle gives you great insight into what is really happening in the world around you.By using the 80/20 Principle， each individual can be more effective and happier and each profit-seeking corporation can become very much more profitable.
28.What does the underlined word “This” in the first paragraph refer to？
A.Little time is used. B.Much work is wasted.
C.You have achieved a lot. D.You have lost much time.
29.What does the third paragraph mainly tell us？
A.The 80/20 Principle is common. B.The 80/20 Principle is important.
C.The 80/20 Principle has a long history. D.The 80/20 Principle has positive effects.
30.Why does the author give the example of IBM？
A.To prove the popularity of the 80/20 Principle.
B.To show the special roles of the 80/20 Principle.
C.To prove the effectiveness of the 80/20 Principle.
D.To show the underlying logic of the 80/20 Principle.
31.What is the key to using the 80/20 Principle？
A.Focusing on the few. B.Making plans in advance.
C.Doing important things first. D.Laying emphasis on the many.
D
　　Humans have two different ages.There is chronological （時序的） age， which measures how much time a person has spent on Earth， and then there is biological age， referring to how old a person seems.Many lifestyle factors like diet， exercise and psychological state can impact someone’s biological age.
A new study from Deep Longevity， the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Stanford University found that feelings that cause poor mental health like sadness， loneliness and general unhappiness add an extra 1.65 years to a person’s biological age.Meanwhile， smoking can add up to 1.25 years and suffering from restless sleep can add 0.44 years to a person’s biological age.However， being currently married can reduce 0.59 years， according to the study.
As part of the study， researchers said they came up with a new “aging clock” based on data from 4，846 Chinese adults in 2015 as part of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS）.
The data included 16 blood biomarkers （生物標志物） like cholesterol and glucose levels as well as other health information like blood pressure， body mass index， lung function and sex.
Researchers compared the chronological age of CHARLS participants with the ages predicted by their new “aging clock”.The results found that the new age was roughly 5.6 years older than the CHARLS participants’ actual ages.The team also found that smokers and those with a history of stroke， liver or lung disease were predicted to be older than the remaining 4，451 healthy adults.
“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are，” said professor David Sinclair， co-director of the Paul F.Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Harvard Medical School.“We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes， what we eat， and how much we exercise.Biological age is what determines our health and ultimately our lifespan.Biological age is number of candles we really should be blowing out.In the future， with advances in our ability to control biological age， we may have even fewer candles on our cake than the previous one.”
32.Which of the following has the biggest negative effects on our biological age？
A.Smoking. B.Poor sleep.
C.Being married. D.Feeling lonely.
33.What can we infer about the CHARLS participants？
A.Most of them smoke. B.They aren’t in good health.
C.They have a history of stroke. D.Most of them live by themselves.
34.What was professor David Sinclair’s attitude to the future of humans’ biological age？
A.Worried. B.Pessimistic.
C.Confident. D.Ambiguous.
35.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text？
A.What Decides a Person’s Chronological Age
B.What Add Years to a Person’s Biological Age
C.Chronological Age — How Old Are You Really？
D.Biological Age — You May Be Older Than You Are
第二節（共5小題； 每小題2.5分， 滿分12.5分）
閱讀下面短文， 從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Influential people have a great impact on everyone they encounter.Yet， they achieve this only because they exercise so much influence from inside， on themselves.Their focused pursuit of excellence is driven by five habits that you can follow and absorb until your influence expands：
They think for themselves.
Influential people aren’t affected by the latest trend or public opinion.　36　 They’re more than willing to change their mind according to facts， but they aren’t influenced by what other people think， only by what they know.
They welcome disagreement.
Influential people do not react emotionally to different opinions.　37　 They’re humble enough to know that they don’t know everything and that someone else might see something they missed.And if that person is right， they accept the idea wholeheartedly because they care more about the result than being right.
They are proactive （主動的）.
Influential people don’t wait for things like new ideas and new technologies to find them； they seek those things out.　38　 They see what’s coming because they intentionally look for it.
They respond rather than react.
If someone criticizes an influential person for making a mistake， or if someone else makes a mistake， influential people don’t react immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think.　39　 Influential people know how important relationships are， and they won’t let an emotional overreaction harm theirs.
They believe.
　40　 They believe in their power to achieve their dreams， and they believe others share that same power.They believe that nothing is out of reach.
A.Instead， they welcome them.
B.And then they deliver a proper response.
C.Influential people always expect the best.
D.They’re influential because they see what’s coming.
E.They form their opinions carefully， based on the facts.
F.They never believe that one person can change the world.
G.They fight back against these critics as hard as they could.
36.　　　　　　　　37.　　　　　　　　38.　　　　　　　　39.　　　　　　　　40.　　　　　　
第三部分　語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）
第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
High school senior， Jonathan Walker is unquestionably celebrating an amazing milestone in his life.The Florida teen has been 　41　 into 27 universities and received up to $4 million in scholarships.
“It was just a surprise to see that they wanted me to 　42　 their institution， and that they were offering me 　43　 ...it was just a ton of excitement，” Walker said during an interview with ABC News’ Linsey Davis.
The 18-year-old Florida student 　44　 to colleges and universities that included Harvard， Stanford， Yale， and MIT.
　45　， the teen was very surprised when he was admitted to all of the universities.He told CBS Miami in an interview that， “That’s such a 　46　 thing to occur， but it did happen.”
However， 　47　 he has been accepted to all of his choices， the teen is working on 　48　 the list down.“I’ll be able to make a pretty confident 　49　.”
Actually， Walker is also active in science club， the international Baccalaureate program， and the school football team.The amazingly 　50　 18-year-old teen has also been working with a partner on a wrist device that 　51　 people who are blind and deaf to communicate better with people.
　　“My parents 　52　 me a chemistry set a couple of years ago ...And then from there I really 　53　 that I could use engineering to help people.And so I just became super interested in creating 　54　 that could help disadvantaged communities and people 　55　 a challenging period，” Walker said.
41.A.accepted　B.included　　　C.adopted　　 D.introduced
42.A.visit B.appreciate C.confirm D.attend
43.A.admission B.honour C.awards D.challenges
44.A.devoted B.applied C.appealed D.contributed
45.A.Hopefully B.Fortunately C.Undoubtedly D.Unusually
46.A.natural B.rare C.precious D.casual
47.A.if only B.now that C.even though D.in case
48.A.turning B.taking C.narrowing D.choosing
49.A.decision B.mind C.approach D.plan
50.A.careful B.honest C.brilliant D.generous
51.A.advises B.reminds C.ensures D.allows
52.A.lent B.promised C.brought D.taught
53.A.realised B.proposed C.indicated D.reflected
54.A.tools B.devices C.ideas D.positions
55.A.taking over B.putting off C.making out D.going through
第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
　　The Ningbo Charity Federation in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province， received 　56　 thick envelope that contained a stack of money 　57　（order） totaling 1.08 million yuan （$149，000） on Wednesday.
This marked the 25th year that a mysterious donor， 　58　（know） as Shun Qi Zi Ran， donated to the federation， 　59　 the cumulative amount reaching 15.77 million yuan since 1999， when the donor sent 50，000 yuan.
According to a staff member of the federation surnamed Gao， the donor 　60　（random） selects two characters from the phrase Shun Qi Zi Ran， 　61　 means “let things take their own course”， to sign the letters.
The donor always provides non-existent addresses and the donations are always made between November and December each year.
Each money order is less than 10，000 yuan 　62　 otherwise， the order has to be signed with the donor’s real name according to bank rules.
Gao said that they tried to locate the person during the first three years of 　63　 （receive） donations.However， in order to respect the donor’s wishes， they decided to stop searching.
“Keeping this act of kindness in our hearts and making the best use of every donation is the best way 　64　 （thank） him/her，” Gao said.
So far， these funds 　65　 （use） to help impoverished families， construct school buildings， aid underprivileged students， and enhance educational facilities.Additionally， the donations have been utilized to provide nutritious meals to students in impoverished mountainous areas.
56.　　　　　　　　57.　　　　　　　　58.　　　　　　　　59.　　　　　　　　60.　　　　　　
61.　　　　　 62.　　　　　 63.　　　　　 64.　　　　　 65.　　　　　
第四部分　寫作（共兩節，滿分40分）
第一節（滿分15分）
　　你校英文校報正在舉行題為The Person I Admire Most的作文比賽，請你寫一篇短文參賽，內容包括：
1.簡要介紹該人物；2.你從他（她）身上學到了什么。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；2.請按如下格式作答。
The Person I Admire Most
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二節（滿分25分）
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
The whole city was quiet when my van （面包車） pulled up to a cafe. It was 8：00 a.m. and the businesses wouldn’t be open for another three hours. When the students studying film production jumped out of the van and began unloading a ton of equipment， I sat in the driver’s seat reading.
I learned a long time ago that I was just the driver and was not wanted or needed on the set. These kids used to need advice and help. Now， as older teens， they were making their own decisions and helping each other. Anything else that I might be able to tell them was not required and unwelcome. Sometimes， that made me feel a bit sad.
Emptied of its movie-related contents， the van now became the place to leave personal items. My job， as the driver， was to stay within calling distance with the keys so that if anything was needed I could open the van.
Knowing that I could find a corner somewhere and finish reading the book， I got out of the van and looked for a place to sit down. It was early， but the California sun was already beating down， and I didn’t want to sit in the heat. Against a wall， in the shade， just twenty or so paces away. I saw a beautifully carved park bench. I noticed that a man was sitting on one end， but there was plenty of room for at least two more people. Walking over， I set my drink on the ground near the leg of the bench and sat on the other end.
The man looked at me oddly but remained seated. I quickly discovered that he’d probably spent the night on the bench. His clothes were dirty and his hair was messy. I soon smelled the unpleasant smell of sweat on his body. I looked at him and smiled， and he smiled back with a mouth of blacked-out teeth.
We both sat there for over an hour. I was reading. He was intently watching the filming. He then stood and walked in front of me. In a slightly shaky but clear voice， he said， “Thank you.”
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；2.請按如下格式作答。
　　Hearing his words， I raised my head surprisingly. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　After several seconds， I realised my actions had truly meant something to this man. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
單元質量檢測（一）　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
第一部分
1－5　ACBCB　　　6－10　BCABA
11－15　BCABC 16－20　ABCBC
聽力材料：
（Text 1）
W：What do you like to do during the weekend？
M：I love cycling.On Saturday morning I usually ride around the city for two hours.
（Text 2）
W：What kind of college are you going to apply for？
M：My father wants me to go into business but my mother wants me to go to medical school.
（Text 3）
M：How much time has passed since we started talking？
W：It’s been only 10 minutes.
M：So right now it should be 3：10 p.m.
W：Correct.
（Text 4）
W：Where did you get the money to start your restaurant？
M：I have been saving my money for years.
W：Is there any other way to get money to start up a small business？
M：Yes， you can borrow some from a bank.
（Text 5）
W：Did you want to become a scientist when you were young？
M：No.I became interested in insects only after I entered university.
W：Are you happy with the working conditions in this university？
M：Yes.It provides me excellent equipment and enough funding to do my work.
（Text 6）
M：What did you do after graduation？
W：I’d planned to be a teacher， but then I was offered a good job doing marketing， so I changed my mind.
M：Sounds like you’re happy with your decision.
W：I am.I enjoy my job very much.By the way， have you not had any job offers yet？
M：I had one， but I didn’t like the job very much.I’d also really wanted to attend graduate school， but I was afraid I couldn’t pay that much money.
W：I think you need to make a decision， stick to it and don’t be afraid of difficulties.
（Text 7）
W：Look， Jack！ Here’s a job that might interest you.
M：Are you sure？ The last job interview you sent me to was really a disaster.
W：Well， look！ It’s a big company.You might get to travel.
M：What kind of company is it， though？
W：Um， let’s see.It’s a newspaper office.They say the pay is really good.And oh， look！ They give you a car to travel around.That’s not bad， is it？
M：Do they say anything about needing to have experience of a journalist？
W：No， they want someone young and energetic.Oh， yes， they want a university graduate， so that’s OK.You’ve been to university.The only thing is that you have to travel， but then that’s what the company car is for.
M：Perhaps I’ll have a closer look at it.
（Text 8）
W：John， when you were little， what did you dream you’d grow up to be？
M：Oh， I dreamed that I’d be a pilot when I grew up.
W：So what happened？ Did you just lose interest in being a pilot？
M：No.My parents said it was too dangerous， and they wanted me to find a safer job.How about you？ What did you dream of becoming when you were a little girl？
W：When I was a little girl， I dreamed of being a great scientist， but now， as you can see， I’m just a common office clerk.
M：So what are your dreams now？
W：Well， I really want to be a translator some day， so I’m working hard to learn English.
M：You’re so good at language learning.Your French and Italian are already fluent.Well， I hope you succeed in that dream some day！
W：Thanks.
（Text 9）
W：Hi， Bob！ I am so glad that you came.
M：Of course I’d come.I couldn’t think of a better chance to see all my old friends.
W：It’s hard to believe that it’s been ten years since graduation.
M：How time flies！ How are things going with you？
W：It’s only recently that I’ve been able to start settling down.How about you？ Are you still with Jenny？
M：Yeah， Jenny and I got married right after graduation.It was hard for the first three years — I was supporting us both while she continued her studies — but now things are getting better.I work as a manager in a trade company and she’s working at a law firm.It’s all started to come together and we’re finally able to make a life for ourselves.
W：Oh， that sounds wonderful.I have always known you two would make it.I hope I can keep in better contact with you.
M：Definitely！ Actually， we just moved into a new place.There’s a house-warming party this Saturday， if you are free.I know Jenny would love to see you again and it should be a good party.
W：Sounds great！ I am free this weekend and I’ll be there.
（Text 10）
Bill Gates， an American inventor， computer programmer and businessman， is reportedly worth nearly $80 billion， making him one of the wealthiest people in the country today.He founded and was head of Microsoft for years.
Gates was born into a rich family in the state of Washington.His father was a lawyer； his mother was a banker.
He is famous for being taken as the father of the modern computer.He studied at Harvard University but did not graduate because of his desire to develop new software.
As a 13-year-old student， Gates was introduced to computer programming.In 1975， Gates spoke to a company called Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems （MITS）.He convinced the owner of the company that he had written a program that would work well and make big money.The owner bought into Gates’ inventions， and the two men reached an agreement to develop software for the company.Then the Microsoft Company was born.
Gates went on to develop the Windows operating system with the partner IBM.The two companies had differences though， and their partnership ended quickly.Gates worked as CEO until 2000.He remained active with the company for several years before leaving the company in 2008.In 2014， Bill Gates became the technical advisor of the firm.
第二部分
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。是美國一家面向青少年讀者的新聞網站，最近它開通了訂閱服務。用戶訂閱該網站后，就可以關閉網頁上的廣告。
21.B　細節理解題。根據About部分可知，網站的最大特點是該網站的新聞語言簡單、通俗易懂，適合青少年閱讀。
22.D　細節理解題。根據NFK Subscriptions！部分可知，訂閱網站后，用戶就可以關閉網頁上的廣告。
23.D　寫作目的題。綜合全文可知，本文主要介紹了網站新推出的訂閱服務——用戶訂閱該網站后，就可以避開網頁上煩人的廣告。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者今年49歲，當她面臨一份自己心儀的實習工作時，大膽投遞簡歷并參加面試，最終獲得成功。
24.C　細節理解題。根據第一至四段可知，作者今年49歲，目前在求職；面對一份有關野生動物保護的編程實習工作，雖然她受教育程度高，但是在年齡和（相關工作）資歷方面都不占優勢。
25.B　推理判斷題。根據第六段可知，作者反復換衣服并調整攝像頭的角度，是為了給即將到來的視頻面試做好準備工作，也就是給面試官留下一個好印象。
26.C　推理判斷題。根據第五段可知，作者投遞完簡歷很快就忘了這事，這說明她對獲得該工作并不抱多大希望；根據最后兩段可知，作者的面試進展很順利，最后成功獲得了該工作。由此可以推斷，作者應該感到驚訝和興奮。
27.B　推理判斷題。綜合全文可知，作者開始很不自信，感覺自己年齡大、資歷欠缺，因此在投遞簡歷前經歷了一番思想斗爭；之后她大膽嘗試，最終成功獲得該工作。因此作者通過自己的故事想說明“大膽嘗試”的重要性。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章簡要介紹了著名的“二八法則”，并建議我們在生活中去應用它。
28.B　代詞指代題。根據第一段可知，代詞This指代上文提到的four-fifths of the effort — a dominant part of it — is largely irrelevant （大部分的努力和付出都是無關緊要的）這一事實。
29.A　段落大意題。根據第三段可知，作者列舉了商業、社會以及家庭三個領域中“二八法則”的具體表現，這充分說明“二八法則”在我們的生活中非常普遍。
30.C　推理判斷題。根據第四段可知，IBM公司在使用了“二八法則”后，使得IBM計算機在大多數應用中比競爭對手的機器更高效、更快速。由此可知，作者列舉IBM這一案例是為了證明“二八法則”的有效性。
31.A　推理判斷題。綜合全文可知，“二八法則”揭示的現實是少數的原因、投入和付出起著決定性的作用。其核心是建議我們抓住這關鍵的“少數”。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人的年齡可以分為時序年齡和生理年齡。時序年齡指一個人實際度過的時間，生理年齡則指從生理機能上一個人看起來有多大。在現實生活中，很多人的生理年齡要比時序年齡大。
32.D　細節理解題。根據第二段可知，孤獨、悲傷等不良情緒會使人的生理年齡變老1.65歲，而吸煙和失眠分別使人的生理年齡增加1.25歲和0.44歲。由此可知，感到孤獨對生理年齡的負面影響最大。
33.B　推理判斷題。根據第五段可知，這項研究發現，研究對象的預測年齡（生理年齡）大約比他們的實際年齡大5.6歲左右。由此推斷，他們的健康狀況普遍欠佳，因為健康狀況的好壞決定著生理年齡的大小，它們之間是反比關系。
34.C　觀點態度題。根據最后一段可知，David Sinclair教授認為，隨著科技的發展，我們控制生理年齡的能力會不斷提高；未來我們很有可能在生日蛋糕上插的蠟燭會逐年減少，也就是說生理年齡會越來越小。
35.D　標題歸納題。綜合全文可知，本文首先提出時序年齡和生理年齡這兩個概念，然后重點圍繞科學家對生理年齡的一項研究展開說明，而這項研究恰好說明很多人的生理年齡要比時序年齡大。因此D項最適合作文章標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了有影響力的人所擁有的五個習慣。36.E　根據該段小標題They think for themselves.可知，該段主要講述了有影響力的人會獨立思考，E項（他們會根據事實謹慎地形成自己的觀點）符合語境。E項中的opinions與該空前的opinion為原詞復現，且E項中的facts與該空后的facts也為原詞復現。
37.A　根據該段小標題They welcome disagreement.和該空前一句可知，該段主要講述了有影響力的人不會情緒化地對待不同的意見，而是會虛心接納它們，A項（相反，他們會欣然接受這些意見）符合語境。A項中的welcome與該段小標題中的welcome為原詞復現，且A項中的them指代該空前的different opinions。
38.D　根據該空前的Influential people don’t wait for things like new ideas and new technologies to find them； they seek those things out.可知，有影響力的人不會坐等新想法和新科技去找他們，而是會主動提出新想法、創造新科技，D項（他們有影響力是因為他們能預見未來）符合語境。D項中的they see what’s coming與該空后的They see what’s coming because ...相呼應。
39.B　根據該空前的If someone criticizes an influential person ... react immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think.可知，有影響力的人不會貿然應對他人的批評或錯誤，他們會三思而后行，B項（然后他們會做出合適的回應）符合語境。B項中的response與該段小標題中的respond相呼應。
40.C　根據該空后的They believe in their power to achieve their dreams ...They believe that nothing is out of reach.可知，有影響力的人信心十足，他們相信自己的力量，也相信別人的力量，相信沒有什么是遙不可及的，C項（有影響力的人總是往最好的方面去想）符合語境。
第三部分
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Jonathan Walker是一名來自美國佛羅里達州的高中生，最近他被美國27所世界一流大學同時錄取，并獲得四百萬美元的獎學金。
41.A　根據下文可知，Jonathan Walker被27所大學同時錄取，并獲得四百萬美元的獎學金。
42.D　由于Jonathan Walker被這些大學同時錄取，所以這些大學都希望Jonathan Walker能選擇他們的學校。
43.A　這里admission是admit的名詞形式，意為“錄取”，符合語境。
44.B　下文列舉的哈佛大學、斯坦福大學、耶魯大學和麻省理工學院都是Jonathan Walker申請的大學。
45.C　Jonathan Walker能被27所世界一流名校同時錄取，毫無疑問這是一件令人吃驚的事。
46.B　Jonathan Walker能被27所世界一流名校同時錄取，這是一件罕見的事情。
47.B　Jonathan Walker被這些大學錄取是一個既定的事實。now that 既然。
48.C　由于Jonathan Walker被27所大學同時錄取，他現在需要做的是縮小選擇范圍，也就是進行篩選，這樣才能最終做出決定。narrow down表示“縮小范圍”。
49.A　Jonathan Walker進行篩選的目的是最后作出一個自信的決定——究竟去哪一所大學。
50.C　根據上下文可知，Jonathan Walker非常優秀。
51.D　Jonathan Walker跟別人合作發明的這種腕式儀器使得聾啞人可以更好地與他人交流。
52.C　幾年前，Jonathan Walker的父母給他帶來一個化學設備箱子，也就是一套化學用具。
53.A　接觸到父母送給他的化學設備箱子之后，Jonathan Walker就意識到他可以利用工程學去幫助他人。
54.B　結合上文可知，Jonathan Walker喜歡發明各種儀器去幫助殘疾人。
55.D　Jonathan Walker發明這些儀器的目的是幫助那些弱勢群體，也就是度過艱難時光的人。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了浙江省寧波市慈善總會連續25年收到一個署名為“順其自然”的神秘人捐款的事情。
56.a　考查冠詞。這里表示“一個厚厚的信封，里面裝著一疊錢，共計108萬元”，因此用不定冠詞a表示“一”。
57.orders　考查名詞復數。這里order為可數名詞，表示“匯票”，應用復數形式。
58.known　考查非謂語動詞。這里表示該匿名愛心人士以其簽名“順其自然”為人們所知，因此用表達被動概念的過去分詞作后置定語。
59.with　考查介詞。這里是一個由“with＋名詞＋動詞-ing形式”構成的with復合結構，表示伴隨情況或補充說明。
60.randomly　考查詞形轉換。本空后面是謂語動詞selects，因此這里應用副詞randomly來修飾它。
61.which　考查定語從句。這里the phrase Shun Qi Zi Ran是先行詞，逗號后面是由關系代詞which引導的非限制性定語從句。
62.because　考查狀語從句。本空后面是對前面事實（每筆匯款不超過一萬元）的解釋，因此用從屬連詞because引導一個原因狀語從句。
63.receiving　考查非謂語動詞。本空前面是介詞of，因此這里應用動詞-ing形式來作其賓語。
64.to thank　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，這里應用動詞不定式短語to thank him/her作定語，修飾前面的名詞way。
65.have been used　考查動詞的時態和語態。本句時間狀語為So far，且表達被動概念，因此應用現在完成時的被動語態。
第四部分
第一節
The Person I Admire Most
There are numerous brilliant people throughout human history who have changed the world， but the one I admire most is Lu Xun.
As one of the greatest writers in China， Lu Xun gave up medical study and took up writing in his 20s.And he devoted all his life exposing social problems in China， using his pen as a weapon.Lu Xun wrote a great number of excellent works， some of which have been selected into Chinese textbooks.
Actually， I have learned a lot from Lu Xun.For one thing， he shows that literature can have a big difference to people’s soul and lives.For another， he encourages me to think critically， challenge traditional beliefs， and work towards social progress.
第二節
　　Hearing his words， I raised my head surprisingly. “For what？” I questioned. He looked at the ground as he whispered， “Usually people won’t even look at me， let alone sit by me. Thank you for treating me like a human being.” I honestly didn’t know what to say as he turned， picked up a small， dirty backpack and walked quickly around the corner. I was shocked. I hadn’t done anything special； I just shared a bench.
After several seconds， I realised my actions had truly meant something to this man. To me， I just wanted a place to sit out of the sun. We were no different， no matter who we were， what we did in our lives or where we laid our heads at night. Both of us just wanted to be treated like a human being. Thinking of the man’s sincere expression， I felt a wave of warmth through me.
10 / 10(共103張PPT)
單元質量檢測（一）　
PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
（滿分150分，時間120分鐘）
第一部分　聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）
第一節（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、
C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話
后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話
僅讀一遍。
1. What are the speakers talking about？
A. The man’s weekend activities.
B. The woman’s favourite sport.
C. The city they live in.
2. What does the man do？
A. He’s a businessman.
B. He’s a doctor.
C. He’s a student.
3. When did the speakers start talking？
A. At 2：50. B. At 3：00. C. At 3：10.
4. What does the woman want to do？
A. Borrow money from the man.
B. Go to the bank.
C. Start up a business.
5. What is the man’s research field？
A. Education. B. Insects. C. Finance.
第二節（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題
中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位
置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒
鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀
兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. What kind of job did the woman take after graduation？
A. Teaching. B. Marketing. C. Volunteering.
7. What does the woman think the man should do？
A. Take his job immediately.
B. Not worry about the money.
C. Make a decision and stick to it.
聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
8. Where does the woman advise the man to apply for a job？
A. In a newspaper office.
B. In a travel agency.
C. In a car factory.
9. What does the man ask the woman about the job？
A. The pay.
B. The experience.
C. The working conditions.
聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
10. Why didn’t the man realise his childhood dream？
A. His parents didn’t support him.
B. He was offered another good job.
C. He lost interest in it later.
11. What did the woman want to be when she was a little girl？
A. A pilot. B. A scientist. C. A teacher.
12. What languages is the woman good at？
A. English and French.
B. English and Italian.
C. French and Italian.
13. Who is Jenny？
A. The man’s wife.
B. The man’s sister.
C. The woman’s colleague.
14. How long has it been since the speakers’ graduation？
A. Three years.
B. Ten years.
C. Thirteen years.
聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
15. What do we know about the man？
A. He continued his studies after graduation.
B. He once worked at a law firm.
C. He is working in a trade company.
16. When will the speakers meet each other again？
A. This Saturday.
B. This Sunday.
C. Next Saturday.
17. What is Bill Gates famous for according to the speaker？
A. His family background.
B. His position in society.
C. His educational background.
18. What did Bill Gates do in 1975？
A. He went to Harvard University.
B. He began to develop new software.
C. He sold his inventions to MITS.
19. When did Bill Gates leave Microsoft？
A. In 2000. B. In 2008. C. In 2014.
20. Which of the following is TRUE according to the talk？
A. Bill Gates grew up in Washington.
B. Bill Gates’ mother worked as a lawyer.
C. IBM partnered with Microsoft for a short time.
聽力材料：
（Text 1）
W：What do you like to do during the weekend？
M：I love cycling.On Saturday morning I usually ride around the city
for two hours.
（Text 2）
W：What kind of college are you going to apply for？
M：My father wants me to go into business but my mother wants me
to go to medical school.
（Text 3）
M：How much time has passed since we started talking？
W：It’s been only 10 minutes.
M：So right now it should be 3：10 p.m.
W：Correct.
（Text 4）
W：Where did you get the money to start your restaurant？
M：I have been saving my money for years.
W：Is there any other way to get money to start up a small business？
M：Yes， you can borrow some from a bank.
（Text 5）
W：Did you want to become a scientist when you were young？
M：No.I became interested in insects only after I entered university.
W：Are you happy with the working conditions in this university？
M：Yes.It provides me excellent equipment and enough funding to do
my work.
（Text 6）
M：What did you do after graduation？
W：I’d planned to be a teacher， but then I was offered a good job
doing marketing， so I changed my mind.
M：Sounds like you’re happy with your decision.
W：I am.I enjoy my job very much.By the way， have you not had
any job offers yet？
M：I had one， but I didn’t like the job very much.I’d also really
wanted to attend graduate school， but I was afraid I couldn’t pay that
much money.
W：I think you need to make a decision， stick to it and don’t be
afraid of difficulties.
（Text 7）
W：Look， Jack！ Here’s a job that might interest you.
M：Are you sure？ The last job interview you sent me to was really a
disaster.
W：Well， look！ It’s a big company.You might get to travel.
M：What kind of company is it， though？
W：Um， let’s see.It’s a newspaper office.They say the pay is really
good.And oh， look！ They give you a car to travel around.That’s not
bad， is it？
M：Do they say anything about needing to have experience of a
journalist？
W：No， they want someone young and energetic.Oh， yes， they
want a university graduate， so that’s OK. You’ve been to
university.The only thing is that you have to travel， but then that’s
what the company car is for.
M：Perhaps I’ll have a closer look at it.
（Text 8）
W：John， when you were little， what did you dream you’d grow up
to be？
M：Oh， I dreamed that I’d be a pilot when I grew up.
W：So what happened？ Did you just lose interest in being a pilot？
M：No.My parents said it was too dangerous， and they wanted me to
find a safer job.How about you？ What did you dream of becoming
when you were a little girl？
W：When I was a little girl， I dreamed of being a great scientist，
but now， as you can see， I’m just a common office clerk.
M：So what are your dreams now？
W：Well， I really want to be a translator some day， so I’m working
hard to learn English.
M：You’re so good at language learning.Your French and Italian are
already fluent.Well， I hope you succeed in that dream some day！
W：Thanks.
（Text 9）
W：Hi， Bob！ I am so glad that you came.
M：Of course I’d come.I couldn’t think of a better chance to see all my
old friends.
W：It’s hard to believe that it’s been ten years since graduation.
M：How time flies！ How are things going with you？
W：It’s only recently that I’ve been able to start settling down.How
about you？ Are you still with Jenny？
M：Yeah， Jenny and I got married right after graduation.It was hard
for the first three years — I was supporting us both while she continued
her studies — but now things are getting better.I work as a manager in
a trade company and she’s working at a law firm.It’s all started to come
together and we’re finally able to make a life for ourselves.
W：Oh， that sounds wonderful.I have always known you two would
make it.I hope I can keep in better contact with you.
M：Definitely！ Actually， we just moved into a new place.There’s a
house-warming party this Saturday， if you are free.I know Jenny
would love to see you again and it should be a good party.
W：Sounds great！ I am free this weekend and I’ll be there.
（Text 10）
Bill Gates， an American inventor， computer programmer and
businessman， is reportedly worth nearly $80 billion， making him
one of the wealthiest people in the country today.He founded and was
head of Microsoft for years.
Gates was born into a rich family in the state of Washington.His
father was a lawyer； his mother was a banker.He is famous for being
taken as the father of the modern computer.He studied at Harvard
University but did not graduate because of his desire to develop new
software.
As a 13-year-old student， Gates was introduced to computer
programming.In 1975， Gates spoke to a company called Micro
Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems （MITS）.He convinced the
owner of the company that he had written a program that would work
well and make big money.The owner bought into Gates’ inventions，
and the two men reached an agreement to develop software for the
company.Then the Microsoft Company was born.
Gates went on to develop the Windows operating system with the
partner IBM. The two companies had differences though， and their
partnership ended quickly.Gates worked as CEO until 2000.He
remained active with the company for several years before leaving the
company in 2008.In 2014， Bill Gates became the technical advisor of
the firm.
第二部分　閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）
第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳
選項。
A
We believe the name says it all. was created by a
teacher to make the news accessible to kids.We carefully choose high
interest stories appropriate to the audience， and present them in a way
that is easy to understand.
We work hard to use simple language when telling the stories.It’s easy
for advanced readers to read “down”， but not for struggling readers to
read “up”.
　　About
We understand that there are side effects to simplifying the language
and adding background information.But we think we offer something
important that’s hard to find： News told in an accessible manner.Real
news， told simply.
NFK Subscriptions！
If you like ， but don’t like the ads， we’ve got
good news for you： Now you can subscribe to support NFK and go ad-
free.
When we launched nearly two years ago， we had
the goal of bringing high-quality， engaging， understandable news to
kids everywhere — for free.We wanted kids around the world to have
equal access.
But takes a lot of time and money to produce.That’s
why we carry a few ads， as much as we dislike advertisements.
We’re very pleased to announce that today is
launching its subscription program.Subscriptions are available on a
monthly or yearly basis.If you enjoy and would like to
keep it going， please consider subscribing！
What Can I Expect？
If you subscribe， you’ll have your own login and ads will be turned
off for you as long as you are logged in.
To get in touch with us at ， please choose one of
the options below：
General comments and feedback：
contact@
Technical issues or help with subscriptions：
support@
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。是美國一家面向青
少年讀者的新聞網站，最近它開通了訂閱服務。用戶訂閱該網站
后，就可以關閉網頁上的廣告。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。是美國一家面向青
少年讀者的新聞網站，最近它開通了訂閱服務。用戶訂閱該網站
后，就可以關閉網頁上的廣告。
Contact Us
21. What is the major feature of ？
A. It is free of charge.
B. It’s easy to understand.
C. It tells interesting stories.
D. It covers a variety of topics.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據About部分可知，網
站的最大特點是該網站的新聞語言簡單、通俗易懂，適合青少年
閱讀。
22. What’s the benefit of subscribing to ？
A. Reading more news.
B. Getting some presents.
C. Receiving earlier updates.
D. Turning off advertisements.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據NFK Subscriptions！部分可知，訂
閱網站后，用戶就可以關閉網頁上的廣告。
23. What’s the main purpose of the passage？
A. To introduce NFK’s main contents.
B. To make more people know about NFK.
C. To attract some financial support for NFK.
D. To announce NFK’s subscription program.
解析： 　寫作目的題。綜合全文可知，本文主要介紹了
網站新推出的訂閱服務——用戶訂閱該網站后，
就可以避開網頁上煩人的廣告。
B
　　Programming Intern （實習）.I wasn’t sure why this job
announcement appeared on my screen.I was looking for a real job， not an
internship.
I had been looking for a part-time job and making no progress at
all.Overeducated forty-nine-year-olds who have been out of the traditional
workforce for fifteen years are not a hot commodity on the job market.
I couldn’t help but read the description on the job board.“Interns will
create an educational program for their local national wildlife refuge.”
Then， I looked at the qualifications.“Enthusiastic people who are great
at written communications.” Check.“Previous experience in
environmental conservation or any science coursework.” Uncheck.
Not a single aspect of my job or educational experience matched these
requirements.I figured I was too old， too unqualified.I must give up the
absurd thought of trying.
However， another strong inner voice can sound， too.All I could
hear was one thing： Apply for the internship！ I looked at the job
announcement one more time.It asked for a brief description of my
relevant experience.I had no idea what to write.Anyhow， I finished my
résume， sent in my application that same morning and soon forgot about
it.
Two days later， I got an interview request for the next day.It was a
video interview， something I had never done before.I couldn’t believe I
was contacted at all.I changed my shirt four times before the call.I tested
the camera angle in numerous spots in my house， trying to decide which
lighting made me look less old.
“Hi， Denise！ We are super excited you applied to intern with us.A
real writer！ Your résume is just fantastic，” Lynnea welcomed me
warmly.And then she asked me some questions about my personal
experiences and expectations.
That same night， I received the email，“Congratulations！ We
would love to offer you the position as Programming Intern with our
team.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者今年49歲，當她面臨一份自己
心儀的實習工作時，大膽投遞簡歷并參加面試，最終獲得成功。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者今年49歲，當她面臨一份自己
心儀的實習工作時，大膽投遞簡歷并參加面試，最終獲得成功。
24. What do we learn about the author？
A. She was in her thirties.
B. She wasn’t well-educated.
C. She lacked necessary qualifications.
D. She needed some work experience.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一至四段可知，作者今年49
歲，目前在求職；面對一份有關野生動物保護的編程實習工
作，雖然她受教育程度高，但是在年齡和（相關工作）資歷方
面都不占優勢。
25. Why did the author change her shirt four times before the call？
A. She was very nervous.
B. To leave a good impression.
C. She was particular about clothes.
D. To attract the interviewer’s attention.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第六段可知，作者反復換衣服并調整
攝像頭的角度，是為了給即將到來的視頻面試做好準備工作，也
就是給面試官留下一個好印象。
26. How did the author feel about the final result？
A. Moved and thankful.
B. Confused and doubtful.
C. Surprised and excited.
D. Disappointed and worried.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第五段可知，作者投遞完簡歷很快就
忘了這事，這說明她對獲得該工作并不抱多大希望；根據最后兩
段可知，作者的面試進展很順利，最后成功獲得了該工作。由此
可以推斷，作者應該感到驚訝和興奮。
27. What message does the author try to convey by writing the text？
A. Age shouldn’t prevent you from getting a job.
B. You never know what you can do until you try.
C. Having a passion helps you find your dream job.
D. Keep working hard and you’ll realise your dream.
解析： 　推理判斷題。綜合全文可知，作者開始很不自信，感覺
自己年齡大、資歷欠缺，因此在投遞簡歷前經歷了一番思想斗
爭；之后她大膽嘗試，最終成功獲得該工作。因此作者通過自己
的故事想說明“大膽嘗試”的重要性。
C
　　The 80/20 Principle， also known as the
80/20 Rule， claims that a minority of causes，
inputs， or effort usually lead to a majority of
results， outputs， or rewards.Taken literally，
this means that， for example， 80 percent of
what you achieve in your job comes from 20 percent of the time spent.Thus for all practical purposes， four-fifths of the effort — a dominant part of it — is largely irrelevant.This is contrary to what people normally expect.
So the 80/20 Principle states that there is an inbuilt imbalance
between causes and results， inputs and outputs， and effort and rewards.
The pattern underlying the 80/20 Principle was discovered in 1897，
about 100 years ago， by Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto （1848－
1923）.In business， twenty percent of products usually account for about
80 percent of dollar sales value； so do 20 percent of customers.In
society， 20 percent of criminals account for 80 percent of the value of all
crime.Twenty percent of motorists cause 80 percent of accidents.In the
home， 20 percent of your carpets are likely to get 80 percent of the
wear.Twenty percent of your clothes will be worn 80 percent of the time.
IBM was one of the earliest and most successful corporations to spot
and use the 80/20 Principle.In 1963， IBM discovered that about 80
percent of a computer’s time is spent executing about 20 percent of the
operating code.The company immediately rewrote its operating software to
make the most-used 20 percent very accessible and user friendly， thus
making IBM computers more efficient and faster than competitors’
machines for the majority of applications.
Why should you care about the 80/20 Principle？ Whether you realise
it or not， the principle applies to your life， to your social world， and to
the place where you work.Understanding the 80/20 Principle gives you
great insight into what is really happening in the world around you.By
using the 80/20 Principle， each individual can be more effective and
happier and each profit-seeking corporation can become very much more
profitable.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章簡要介紹了著名的“二八法
則”，并建議我們在生活中去應用它。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章簡要介紹了著名的“二八法
則”，并建議我們在生活中去應用它。
28. What does the underlined word “This” in the first paragraph refer
to？
A. Little time is used.
B. Much work is wasted.
C. You have achieved a lot.
D. You have lost much time.
解析： 　代詞指代題。根據第一段可知，代詞This指代上文提到
的four-fifths of the effort — a dominant part of it — is largely
irrelevant （大部分的努力和付出都是無關緊要的）這一事實。
29. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us？
A. The 80/20 Principle is common.
B. The 80/20 Principle is important.
C. The 80/20 Principle has a long history.
D. The 80/20 Principle has positive effects.
解析： 　段落大意題。根據第三段可知，作者列舉了商業、社會
以及家庭三個領域中“二八法則”的具體表現，這充分說明“二
八法則”在我們的生活中非常普遍。
30. Why does the author give the example of IBM？
A. To prove the popularity of the 80/20 Principle.
B. To show the special roles of the 80/20 Principle.
C. To prove the effectiveness of the 80/20 Principle.
D. To show the underlying logic of the 80/20 Principle.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第四段可知，IBM公司在使用了“二
八法則”后，使得IBM計算機在大多數應用中比競爭對手的機器
更高效、更快速。由此可知，作者列舉IBM這一案例是為了證明
“二八法則”的有效性。
31. What is the key to using the 80/20 Principle？
A. Focusing on the few.
B. Making plans in advance.
C. Doing important things first.
D. Laying emphasis on the many.
解析： 　推理判斷題。綜合全文可知，“二八法則”揭示的現實
是少數的原因、投入和付出起著決定性的作用。其核心是建議我
們抓住這關鍵的“少數”。
D
　　Humans have two different ages.There is chronological（時序的）
age， which measures how much time a person has spent on Earth， and
then there is biological age， referring to how old a person seems.Many
lifestyle factors like diet， exercise and psychological state can impact
someone’s biological age.
A new study from Deep Longevity， the Chinese University of Hong
Kong and Stanford University found that feelings that cause poor mental
health like sadness， loneliness and general unhappiness add an extra 1.65
years to a person’s biological age.Meanwhile， smoking can add up to
1.25 years and suffering from restless sleep can add 0.44 years to a
person’s biological age.However， being currently married can reduce
0.59 years， according to the study.
As part of the study， researchers said they came up with a new
“aging clock” based on data from 4，846 Chinese adults in 2015 as part
of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS）.
The data included 16 blood biomarkers （生物標志物） like
cholesterol and glucose levels as well as other health information like
blood pressure， body mass index， lung function and sex.
Researchers compared the chronological age of CHARLS participants
with the ages predicted by their new “aging clock”.The results found
that the new age was roughly 5.6 years older than the CHARLS
participants’ actual ages.The team also found that smokers and those with a
history of stroke， liver or lung disease were predicted to be older than the
remaining 4，451 healthy adults.
“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are，” said professor
David Sinclair， co-director of the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of
Aging at Harvard Medical School.“We all age biologically at different
rates according to our genes， what we eat， and how much we
exercise.Biological age is what determines our health and ultimately our
lifespan.Biological age is number of candles we really should be blowing
out.In the future， with advances in our ability to control biological age，
we may have even fewer candles on our cake than the previous one.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人的年齡可以分為時序年齡和生理
年齡。時序年齡指一個人實際度過的時間，生理年齡則指從生理機
能上一個人看起來有多大。在現實生活中，很多人的生理年齡要比
時序年齡大。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人的年齡可以分為時序年齡和生理
年齡。時序年齡指一個人實際度過的時間，生理年齡則指從生理機
能上一個人看起來有多大。在現實生活中，很多人的生理年齡要比
時序年齡大。
32. Which of the following has the biggest negative effects on our
biological age？
A. Smoking. B. Poor sleep.
C. Being married. D. Feeling lonely.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段可知，孤獨、悲傷等不良情緒
會使人的生理年齡變老1.65歲，而吸煙和失眠分別使人的生理年齡
增加1.25歲和0.44歲。由此可知，感到孤獨對生理年齡的負面影響
最大。
33. What can we infer about the CHARLS participants？
A. Most of them smoke.
B. They aren’t in good health.
C. They have a history of stroke.
D. Most of them live by themselves.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第五段可知，這項研究發現，研究對
象的預測年齡（生理年齡）大約比他們的實際年齡大5.6歲左右。
由此推斷，他們的健康狀況普遍欠佳，因為健康狀況的好壞決定
著生理年齡的大小，它們之間是反比關系。
34. What was professor David Sinclair’s attitude to the future of humans’
biological age？
A. Worried. B. Pessimistic.
C. Confident. D. Ambiguous.
解析： 　觀點態度題。根據最后一段可知，David Sinclair教授認
為，隨著科技的發展，我們控制生理年齡的能力會不斷提高；未
來我們很有可能在生日蛋糕上插的蠟燭會逐年減少，也就是說生
理年齡會越來越小。
35. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text？
A. What Decides a Person’s Chronological Age
B. What Add Years to a Person’s Biological Age
C. Chronological Age — How Old Are You Really？
D. Biological Age — You May Be Older Than You Are
解析： 　標題歸納題。綜合全文可知，本文首先提出時序年齡和
生理年齡這兩個概念，然后重點圍繞科學家對生理年齡的一項研
究展開說明，而這項研究恰好說明很多人的生理年齡要比時序年
齡大。因此D項最適合作文章標題。
第二節（共5小題； 每小題2.5分， 滿分12.5分）
閱讀下面短文， 從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最
佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Influential people have a great impact on everyone they
encounter.Yet， they achieve this only because they exercise so much
influence from inside， on themselves.Their focused pursuit of
excellence is driven by five habits that you can follow and absorb until
your influence expands：
Influential people aren’t affected by the latest trend or public
opinion. 　36　 They’re more than willing to change their mind
according to facts， but they aren’t influenced by what other people
think， only by what they know.
They think for themselves.
Influential people do not react emotionally to different
opinions. 　37　 They’re humble enough to know that they don’t know
everything and that someone else might see something they
missed.And if that person is right， they accept the idea
wholeheartedly because they care more about the result than being
right.
They welcome disagreement.
Influential people don’t wait for things like new ideas and new
technologies to find them； they seek those things out. 　38　 They
see what’s coming because they intentionally look for it.
They respond rather than react.
If someone criticizes an influential person for making a mistake，
or if someone else makes a mistake， influential people don’t react
immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think. 　39　 Influential
people know how important relationships are， and they won’t let an
emotional overreaction harm theirs.
They are proactive （主動的）.
They believe.
　40　 They believe in their power to achieve their dreams， and
they believe others share that same power.They believe that nothing is
out of reach.
A. Instead， they welcome them.
B. And then they deliver a proper response.
C. Influential people always expect the best.
D. They’re influential because they see what’s coming.
E. They form their opinions carefully， based on the facts.
F. They never believe that one person can change the world.
G. They fight back against these critics as hard as they could.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了有影響力的人所擁有的
五個習慣。
36. E　根據該段小標題They think for themselves.可知，該段主要
講述了有影響力的人會獨立思考，E項（他們會根據事實謹慎地形
成自己的觀點）符合語境。E項中的opinions與該空前的opinion為
原詞復現，且E項中的facts與該空后的facts也為原詞復現。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了有影響力的人所擁有的
五個習慣。
37. A　根據該段小標題They welcome disagreement.和該空前一句
可知，該段主要講述了有影響力的人不會情緒化地對待不同的意
見，而是會虛心接納它們，A項（相反，他們會欣然接受這些意
見）符合語境。A項中的welcome與該段小標題中的welcome為原
詞復現，且A項中的them指代該空前的different opinions。
38. D　根據該空前的Influential people don’t wait for things like new
ideas and new technologies to find them； they seek those things out.
可知，有影響力的人不會坐等新想法和新科技去找他們，而是會
主動提出新想法、創造新科技，D項（他們有影響力是因為他們能
預見未來）符合語境。D項中的they see what’s coming與該空后的
They see what’s coming because ...相呼應。
39. B　根據該空前的If someone criticizes an influential person ...
react immediately and emotionally.They wait.They think.可知，有影
響力的人不會貿然應對他人的批評或錯誤，他們會三思而后行，B
項（然后他們會做出合適的回應）符合語境。B項中的response與
該段小標題中的respond相呼應。
40. C　根據該空后的They believe in their power to achieve their
dreams ...They believe that nothing is out of reach.可知，有影響力的
人信心十足，他們相信自己的力量，也相信別人的力量，相信沒
有什么是遙不可及的，C項（有影響力的人總是往最好的方面去
想）符合語境。
第三部分　語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）
第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可
以填入空白處的最佳選項。
High school senior， Jonathan Walker is unquestionably
celebrating an amazing milestone in his life.The Florida teen has
been 　41　 into 27 universities and received up to $4 million in
scholarships.
“It was just a surprise to see that they wanted me to 　42　 their
institution， and that they were offering me 　43　 ...it was just a ton
of excitement，” Walker said during an interview with ABC News’
Linsey Davis.
The 18-year-old Florida student 　44　 to colleges and
universities that included Harvard， Stanford， Yale， and MIT.
　45　， the teen was very surprised when he was admitted to all
of the universities.He told CBS Miami in an interview that， “That’s
such a 　46　 thing to occur， but it did happen.”
However， 　47　 he has been accepted to all of his choices，
the teen is working on 　48　 the list down.“I’ll be able to make a
pretty confident 　49　.”
Actually， Walker is also active in science club， the
international Baccalaureate program， and the school football
team.The amazingly 　50　 18-year-old teen has also been working
with a partner on a wrist device that 　51　 people who are blind and
deaf to communicate better with people.
“My parents 　52　 me a chemistry set a couple of years
ago ...And then from there I really 　53　 that I could use engineering
to help people.And so I just became super interested in creating 　54　
that could help disadvantaged communities and people 　55　 a
challenging period，” Walker said.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Jonathan Walker是一名來自美國佛羅
里達州的高中生，最近他被美國27所世界一流大學同時錄取，并獲
得四百萬美元的獎學金。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Jonathan Walker是一名來自美國佛羅
里達州的高中生，最近他被美國27所世界一流大學同時錄取，并獲
得四百萬美元的獎學金。
41. A. accepted B. included
C. adopted D. introduced
解析： 　根據下文可知，Jonathan Walker被27所大學同時錄取，
并獲得四百萬美元的獎學金。
42. A. visit B. appreciate
C. confirm D. attend
解析： 　由于Jonathan Walker被這些大學同時錄取，所以這些大
學都希望Jonathan Walker能選擇他們的學校。
43. A. admission B. honour
C. awards D. challenges
解析： 　這里admission是admit的名詞形式，意為“錄取”，符
合語境。
44. A. devoted B. applied
C. appealed D. contributed
解析： 　下文列舉的哈佛大學、斯坦福大學、耶魯大學和麻省理
工學院都是Jonathan Walker申請的大學。
45. A. Hopefully B. Fortunately
C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually
解析： 　Jonathan Walker能被27所世界一流名校同時錄取，毫無
疑問這是一件令人吃驚的事。
46. A. natural B. rare C. precious D. casual
解析： 　Jonathan Walker能被27所世界一流名校同時錄取，這是
一件罕見的事情。
47. A. if only B. now that
C. even though D. in case
解析： 　Jonathan Walker被這些大學錄取是一個既定的事實。
now that 既然。
48. A. turning B. taking
C. narrowing D. choosing
解析： 　由于Jonathan Walker被27所大學同時錄取，他現在需要
做的是縮小選擇范圍，也就是進行篩選，這樣才能最終做出決
定。narrow down表示“縮小范圍”。
49. A. decision B. mind
C. approach D. plan
解析： 　Jonathan Walker進行篩選的目的是最后作出一個自信的
決定——究竟去哪一所大學。
50. A. careful B. honest
C. brilliant D. generous
解析：C　根據上下文可知，Jonathan Walker非常優秀。
51. A. advises B. reminds
C. ensures D. allows
解析： 　Jonathan Walker跟別人合作發明的這種腕式儀器使得聾
啞人可以更好地與他人交流。
52. A. lent B. promised
C. brought D. taught
解析： 　幾年前，Jonathan Walker的父母給他帶來一個化學設備
箱子，也就是一套化學用具。
53. A. realised B. proposed
C. indicated D. reflected
解析： 　接觸到父母送給他的化學設備箱子之后，Jonathan
Walker就意識到他可以利用工程學去幫助他人。
54. A. tools B. devices
C. ideas D. positions
解析： 　結合上文可知，Jonathan Walker喜歡發明各種儀器去幫
助殘疾人。
55. A. taking over B. putting off
C. making out D. going through
解析： 　Jonathan Walker發明這些儀器的目的是幫助那些弱勢群
體，也就是度過艱難時光的人。
第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的
正確形式。
　　The Ningbo Charity Federation in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province，
received 　56　 thick envelope that contained a stack of
money 　57　（order） totaling 1.08 million yuan （$149，000） on
Wednesday.
This marked the 25th year that a mysterious donor， 　58　
（know） as Shun Qi Zi Ran， donated to the federation， 　59　
the cumulative amount reaching 15.77 million yuan since 1999， when
the donor sent 50，000 yuan.
According to a staff member of the federation surnamed Gao，
the donor 　60　（random） selects two characters from the phrase
Shun Qi Zi Ran， 　61　 means “let things take their own
course”， to sign the letters.
The donor always provides non-existent addresses and the
donations are always made between November and December each
year.
Each money order is less than 10，000 yuan 　62　 otherwise，
the order has to be signed with the donor’s real name according to bank
rules.
Gao said that they tried to locate the person during the first three
years of 　63　 （receive） donations.However， in order to respect
the donor’s wishes， they decided to stop searching.
“Keeping this act of kindness in our hearts and making the best
use of every donation is the best way 　64　 （thank） him/her，”
Gao said.
So far， these funds 　65　 （use） to help impoverished
families， construct school buildings， aid underprivileged students，
and enhance educational facilities.Additionally， the donations have
been utilized to provide nutritious meals to students in impoverished
mountainous areas.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了浙江省寧波市慈善總
會連續25年收到一個署名為“順其自然”的神秘人捐款的事情。
56. a　考查冠詞。這里表示“一個厚厚的信封，里面裝著一疊
錢，共計108萬元”，因此用不定冠詞a表示“一”。
57. orders　考查名詞復數。這里order為可數名詞，表示“匯
票”，應用復數形式。
58. known　考查非謂語動詞。這里表示該匿名愛心人士以其簽名
“順其自然”為人們所知，因此用表達被動概念的過去分詞作后
置定語。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了浙江省寧波市慈善總
會連續25年收到一個署名為“順其自然”的神秘人捐款的事情。
59. with　考查介詞。這里是一個由“with＋名詞＋動詞-ing形式”
構成的with復合結構，表示伴隨情況或補充說明。
60. randomly　考查詞形轉換。本空后面是謂語動詞selects，因此
這里應用副詞randomly來修飾它。
61. which　考查定語從句。這里the phrase Shun Qi Zi Ran是先行
詞，逗號后面是由關系代詞which引導的非限制性定語從句。
62. because　考查狀語從句。本空后面是對前面事實（每筆匯款不
超過一萬元）的解釋，因此用從屬連詞because引導一個原因狀語
從句。
63. receiving　考查非謂語動詞。本空前面是介詞of，因此這里應
用動詞-ing形式來作其賓語。
64. to thank　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，這里應用動詞不定
式短語to thank him/her作定語，修飾前面的名詞way。
65. have been used　考查動詞的時態和語態。本句時間狀語為So
far，且表達被動概念，因此應用現在完成時的被動語態。
第四部分　寫作（共兩節，滿分40分）
第一節（滿分15分）
　　你校英文校報正在舉行題為The Person I Admire Most的作文比
賽，請你寫一篇短文參賽，內容包括：
1. 簡要介紹該人物；
2. 你從他（她）身上學到了什么。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
The Person I Admire Most
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
參考范文：
The Person I Admire Most
There are numerous brilliant people throughout human history who
have changed the world， but the one I admire most is Lu Xun.
As one of the greatest writers in China， Lu Xun gave up medical
study and took up writing in his 20s.And he devoted all his life exposing
social problems in China， using his pen as a weapon.Lu Xun wrote a
great number of excellent works， some of which have been selected into
Chinese textbooks.
Actually， I have learned a lot from Lu Xun.For one thing， he
shows that literature can have a big difference to people’s soul and
lives.For another， he encourages me to think critically， challenge
traditional beliefs， and work towards social progress.
第二節（滿分25分）
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構
成一篇完整的短文。
The whole city was quiet when my van （面包車） pulled up to a
cafe. It was 8：00 a.m. and the businesses wouldn’t be open for another
three hours. When the students studying film production jumped out of the
van and began unloading a ton of equipment， I sat in the driver’s seat
reading.
I learned a long time ago that I was just the driver and was not wanted
or needed on the set. These kids used to need advice and help. Now， as
older teens， they were making their own decisions and helping each
other. Anything else that I might be able to tell them was not required and
unwelcome. Sometimes， that made me feel a bit sad.
Emptied of its movie-related contents， the van now became the
place to leave personal items. My job， as the driver， was to stay within
calling distance with the keys so that if anything was needed I could open
the van.
Knowing that I could find a corner somewhere and finish reading the
book， I got out of the van and looked for a place to sit down. It was
early， but the California sun was already beating down， and I didn’t
want to sit in the heat. Against a wall， in the shade， just twenty or so
paces away. I saw a beautifully carved park bench. I noticed that a man was
sitting on one end， but there was plenty of room for at least two more
people. Walking over， I set my drink on the ground near the leg of the
bench and sat on the other end.
The man looked at me oddly but remained seated. I quickly
discovered that he’d probably spent the night on the bench. His clothes
were dirty and his hair was messy. I soon smelled the unpleasant smell of
sweat on his body. I looked at him and smiled， and he smiled back with a
mouth of blacked-out teeth.
We both sat there for over an hour. I was reading. He was intently
watching the filming. He then stood and walked in front of me. In a
slightly shaky but clear voice， he said， “Thank you.”
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
　　Hearing his words， I raised my head surprisingly. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
　　After several seconds， I realised my actions had truly meant
something to this man. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
參考范文：
　　Hearing his words， I raised my head surprisingly. “For what？” I
questioned. He looked at the ground as he whispered， “Usually people
won’t even look at me， let alone sit by me. Thank you for treating me like
a human being.” I honestly didn’t know what to say as he turned， picked
up a small， dirty backpack and walked quickly around the corner. I was
shocked. I hadn’t done anything special； I just shared a bench.
After several seconds， I realised my actions had truly meant
something to this man. To me， I just wanted a place to sit out of the sun.
We were no different， no matter who we were， what we did in our lives
or where we laid our heads at night. Both of us just wanted to be treated
like a human being. Thinking of the man’s sincere expression， I felt a
wave of warmth through me.
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