資源簡介

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1.It is much to her c　　　　　　 that Mary continued to work in spite of all the difficulties.
2.Every one has the f　　　　　　 of speech and meanwhile he/she should obey the laws.
3.I think we have a m　　　　　　 responsibility to help these people who are in trouble.
4.On the island， cars， buses and bikes are not p　　　　　　 there.
5.I’m a　　　　　　 for a part-time job at a foreign company during the summer vacation.
6.We have time and time again 　　　　　　（聲明） that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.
7.It’s the love and 　　　　　　（責任） that have driven him to get through many hardships and survive.
8.We believe the time and hard work 　　　　　　（牽涉） in completing such an important project are worthwhile.
維度二：詞形轉換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1.He could not escape from his 　　　　　　（responsible） in the accident.
2.At the international school they have pupils of different 　　　　　　（nation）.
3.All our results are published in 　　　　　　（science） journals.
4.It was his 　　　　　　（ignore） that led to a terrible fire， which burned down the building.
5.Due to the 　　　　　　（apply） of this medical technology， some diseases can be treated at the early stage.
6.The article was reproduced by the special 　　　　　　　　（permit） of the President.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1.我們將要做什么還沒有決定下來。（名詞性從句）
　　　　　　　　 hasn’t been decided.
2.小女孩的建議很有價值，我們最好仔細考慮一下。 （“of＋抽象名詞”結構）
The little girl’s advice 　　　　　　　　　and we’d better think it over.
3.他發現要及時完成這項工作很困難。（it作形式賓語）
He found 　　　　　　　　　　　　the work in time.
4.他在會議上提出的建議值得考慮。（put forward）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is worth considering.
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
　　When the author was younger， he thought science was 1.　　　　　　 （obvious） useful.But during the war， it represented the 2.　　　　　　 （destroy） of people.“Is there some evil 3.　　　　　　 （involve） in science？” The author asked himself.
　　Science has three 4.　　　　　　 （value）.The first way in which science is 5.　　　　　　 value is familiar to us—enables us to do and make all kinds of things.Another value is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.The third is the 6.　　　　　　 （free） of doubt，7.　　　　　　 is born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority.But scientists take 8.　　　　　　 for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.9.　　　　　　 （teach） how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed， and to ensure the freedom for all coming generations are scientists’ 10.　　　　　　 （responsible）.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　In the summer of 1885， nine-year-old Joseph Meister was very ill.He had been wounded by a sick dog that had rabies （狂犬病）， a very dangerous disease.His parents were told that there was probably only one man who could save Joseph’s life — Louis Pasteur.
　　When Pasteur was a young boy in France， he spent many hours every day with the chemist （藥劑師） who lived in his small town.At that time， the chemist had to make all the medicines himself.Young Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came to him each day.
　　As a schoolboy， Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.At first， his teachers thought that young Louis might be a slow learner.Through elementary school， high school， and college， Pasteur worked in the same thoughtful way.Then he became a college professor and a scientist， and he continued to work very carefully.
　　Pasteur was studying about the germs （細菌） that cause rabies when Joseph Meister became ill.In fact， Pasteur believed he had a medical treatment for rabies， but he had never given it to a person before.At first， Pasteur was afraid to treat Joseph， but the poor child was dying.Pasteur gave Joseph an inoculation （預防接種） every day for ten days.Slowly， the child became better.
　　During his lifetime， Pasteur studied germs and learnt how they cause diseases in animals and people.He developed vaccinations （疫苗接種） that prevented many of these diseases.On 28 September 1895， Louis Pasteur passed away， at the age of 72.The work of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.
1.What’s the purpose of the given story of Joseph Meister？（　　）
A.To express the author’s sadness.
B.To introduce the subject of the text.
C.To show some common diseases in 1885.
D.To warn children to stay away from dogs.
2.What do we know about young Louis according to the text？（　　）
A.He was once badly hurt by a dog.
B.He was very interested in medicine.
C.He made a living by working for a chemist.
D.He had been thought highly of by his teachers.
3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Louis Pasteur was always patient. B.Louis Pasteur was clever but proud.
C.Louis Pasteur was a slow learner. D.Louis Pasteur was a humorous professor.
4.Which would be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Germs and Diseases B.Rabies： A Terrible Disease
C.The Earliest Chemist in France D.Louis Pasteur： A Great Scientist
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　While reviewing the literature in your research area， you may find that there aren’t too many journal articles.5.（　　） Actually the global search output increases every year by about 2.5 million new journal articles.What should you do if you fail to find relevant studies in your research area？ These tips may help you get a head-start on your literature review.
　　Explore them in depth.
　　Having a limited number of references might work to your benefit.6.（　　） In addition， with few sources in your specific research area， it’s possible that you could find limitations in the existing literature and use them to build or strengthen your own research question.
　　7.（　　）
　　You may have drawn very strict mental limits around your research question.If so， you cannot see other relevant research areas.Assuming that your research question is about studying whether plastic can be made compostable （可降解的）， you could begin with looking into more environment-friendly plastic.This will not only help with more relevant reading， but also place your specific research question in a broader way.
　　Make sure you use the right keywords.
　　One of the problems in your search for relevant sources could be unclear or unrelated keywords.Your keywords should be well defined and specifically targeted to the research papers you are looking for.This will indicate the relevance of those terms in your field.8.（　　）
　　Ask for help.
　　9.（　　） Start by approaching the librarian at your university and ask him/her if your library has ordered the journal you need.You could also ask a professor， or a senior colleague.Having gone through a similar difficulty as the one you are currently facing， they’ll surely have a few tricks up their sleeve.
A.Broaden your search area.
B.But this might not be the case.
C.Narrow down your research question.
D.Most keywords are beneficial to your review.
E.If all else fails， then don’t hesitate to turn to others.
F.It will also shine some light on whether you should be more precise.
G.You can get a short but comprehensive list of articles to explore in great detail.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Historic tornadoes （龍卷風） swept across six states in December 2021， leaving mass destruction in their paths.The morning after the deadly 　10　 passed through， Katie Posten of New Albany， Indiana， was 　11　 to step outside and see no damage in her area.
　　As she headed to her car， she spotted a piece of 　12　 stuck to the window.Once she saw what it was， she knew it had to be a memento （紀念品） that someone would 　13　.
　　The photograph in her hand showed a woman holding a child in her lap.On the back， the 　14　 caption （文字說明） read， “Gertie Swatzell & J.D.Swatzell 1942.”
　　“Seeing the 　15　， I realized that it was likely from a 　16　 hit by a tornado，” Katie said.
　　Hoping to get the photo back to its owner， Katie 　17　 Facebook.Her post was shared widely across Facebook， and it didn’t take long for someone to 　18　 the last name written on the back of the picture.Cole Swatzell was tagged （被標記）， and he soon 　19　 to say the photo belongs to his family in Dawson Springs， Kentucky.That means the photo traveled more than 150 miles to land on Katie’s car！
　　Katie said she’s thankful the social media platform was able to 　20　 her with the Swatzell family， and she 　21　 getting the picture back to them.
　　Best of all， she’s not the only one helping 　22　！ A Facebook page was set up 　23　 to reunite （重聚） people with belongings lost during the storms， which has helped hundreds of people 　24　 their beloved items.
10.（　）A.waves　　　　　 B.storms
C.diseases D.earthquakes
11.（　）A.confused B.excited
C.shocked D.relieved
12.（　）A.paper B.wood
C.cloth D.tape
13.（　）A.buy B.find
C.miss D.prepare
14.（　）A.handwritten B.detailed
C.funny D.new
15.（　）A.praise B.answer
C.advice D.date
16.（　）A.home B.park
C.garden D.zoo
17.（　）A.joined B.downloaded
C.turned to D.benefited from
18.（　）A.click B.recognize
C.show D.remember
19.（　）A.regretted B.refused
C.continued D.commented
20.（　）A.equip B.exchange
C.connect D.comfort
21.（　）A.faces up to B.comes up with
C.looks forward to D.steps away from
22.（　）A.relatives B.enemies
C.neighbours D.strangers
23.（　）A.specifically B.secretly
C.seasonally D.suddenly
24.（　）A.repair B.recover
C.record D.research
Ⅳ.讀后續寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
　　Little Todd liked to dress up as a superhero.In school， Todd didn’t feel heroic.Even though his mother had been a teacher who loved books， reading was difficult for him.He was scolded for asking too many questions， and was told that he wasn’t a good student.
　　Todd’s mom disagreed.She told him he was gifted and had something big to offer the world.“You could do anything，” she said.He hoped she was right.Todd studied hard， graduated from school， and got a job.At work， Todd discovered that he liked helping others.But then his mother died， and he became the one who needed help to get through sad times.He missed her terribly.
　　Memories of his mom teaching neighbourhood kids how to read gave Todd an idea.He cut up an old door and hammered （捶打） the pieces together to make a tiny one-room library.He positioned books inside， put a sign on the front， and placed the little library in his yard.Now he could share his mother’s love of reading with anyone who passed by.There was just one problem ...Very few people passed by.
　　One day， during a yard sale， Todd’s neighbours noticed his creation.Todd told them about his mom.People loved his story.It reminded them of ordinary heroes they knew.
　　Soon， neighbours who had never met before were gathered around， chatting like old friends.They took books.They gave books.The little library became the center of their neighbourhood.
　　Todd felt his box of books had potential.He called up his friend Rick， who was always full of great ideas.Rick thought that they could build thousands of little boxes！ Like Andrew Carnegie， who once built 2，510 libraries！ They could take trips！ Like Lutie Stearns， who brought traveling libraries all over Wisconsin！
　　“Wait a minute！” Todd said.Andrew Carnegie was a wealthy businessman.Lutie Stearns was a trained librarian.The two of them were just ordinary guys.And they were particularly low on cash.
　　How many libraries could two ordinary guys create？ How far could ordinary people spread an idea？
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Todd and Rick agreed on one thing — they wanted to find out.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Todd and Rick decided that if people wouldn’t come and get the little libraries， they’d bring the libraries to the people.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.credit　2.freedom　3.moral　4.permitted　5.applying　6.declared　7.responsibility　8.involved
維度二
1.responsibility　2.nationalities　3.scientific　4.ignorance
5.application　6.permission
維度三
1.What we will do　2.is of great value
3.it very difficult to finish
4.The suggestion he put forward at the meeting
維度四
1.obviously　2.destruction　3.involved　4.values　5.of　6.freedom　7.which　8.it　9.To teach　10.responsibilities
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了路易斯·巴斯德的生平和他對現代醫學作出的巨大貢獻。
1.B　目的意圖題。根據第一段可知，約瑟夫被患狂犬病的狗咬傷后病情嚴重，他的父母得知只有路易斯·巴斯德能治療這種病。下文則展開對路易斯·巴斯德的介紹。由此推斷，第一段講述約瑟夫的故事是為了引出文章主題，即向人們介紹路易斯·巴斯德以及他為現代醫學作出的巨大貢獻。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句Young Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came to him each day.可知，路易斯·巴斯德小時候喜歡看藥劑師工作，即他對醫學很感興趣。
3.A　細節理解題。根據第三段第一句As a schoolboy， Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.和最后一句中he continued to work very carefully可知，路易斯·巴斯德做事緩慢且仔細，非常有耐心。
4.D　標題歸納題。通讀全文尤其根據文章末句The work of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.可知，本文主要介紹了法國著名的微生物學家、科學家路易斯·巴斯德的生平以及他對現代醫學作出的巨大貢獻。因此，D項最適合作本文標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何搜索出與你研究領域有關的參考文獻。
5.B　上文說明沒有發現太多文獻。B項（但事實可能并非如此）承接上文，表示對上文的否定，引出下文，說明實際上文獻是很多的。
6.G　根據小標題Explore them in depth.和空前一句建議限制參考文限的數量可知，G項（你可以獲得一個簡短但全面的文章列表來詳細地探索）承接上文，對探索文獻給出更詳細的建議。
7.A　下文建議擴大搜索范圍，能找到相關文獻。A項（擴大搜索范圍）概括了本段主題：以更廣泛的方式搜索研究文獻。
8.F　上文說明準確的關鍵詞可以幫助尋找相關文獻。F項（它還將為你是否應該更精確提供一些啟示）承接上文，繼續說明關鍵詞所起的作用。
9.E　本段小標題Ask for help.說明要尋求幫助。所填句承接小標題。E項（如果所有其他方法都失敗了，那么不要猶豫，向別人求助）建議向別人求助，引出下文具體介紹怎樣向別人求助。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。風暴過后，一位女士通過社交網絡歸還她撿到的照片。
10.B　上句中的tornadoes提示本空選storms，屬于同義詞復現。
11.D　根據空后的step outside and see no damage in her area可知，當Katie走出屋外，發現自己所在的區域沒有受損時，她松了一口氣。
12.A　根據下段中的The photograph in her hand可知，貼在車玻璃上的是一張紙。
13.C　根據空前的a memento和下文中對照片的介紹可知，Katie知道這一定是一張會令人想念的照片。
14.A　根據本句中的Gertie Swatzell & J.D.Swatzell 1942.和第五段中的the last name written on the back of the picture可知，這一文字說明是手寫在那張照片后面的。read寫著。
15.D　上段中的1942提示本空選date。
16.A　看到日期后，Katie意識到它是一張有紀念意義的照片；結合照片內容及其文字說明可知，它很可能來自一個被龍卷風襲擊過的家庭。
17.C　根據下句中的Her post was shared widely across Facebook可知，為了把照片還給失主，Katie求助于Facebook，即在Facebook上發帖求助。
18.B　根據下句中的Cole Swatzell was tagged可知，沒過多久，就有人認出了寫在照片背面的姓，于是Cole Swatzell被標記了，即被聯絡上了。注：在Facebook中被標記后，這條標記自己的帖子就會出現在自己的個人主頁。
19.D　根據空后的to say the photo belongs to his family可知，Cole Swatzell 隨后（在帖子中）評論說那張照片屬于他的家人。
20.C　根據空前的she’s thankful the social media platform并結合上文中Katie通過Facebook與Cole Swatzell取得聯系可知，Katie表示，她很感激社交媒體平臺能夠讓她與Swatzell一家取得聯系。
21.C　根據上段首句中的Hoping to get the photo back to its owner可知，Katie期待著把照片還給他們。
22.D　根據上文內容可知，Katie通過社交媒體平臺聯系到Swatzell一家，因此他們一開始并不認識，是陌生人。
23.A　根據下文中的during the storms， which has helped hundreds of people 　24　 their beloved items可知，該Facebook頁面是在這幾場風暴過后專門設立的，以便幫人們找回在風暴中丟失的物品。specifically特意，專門地。
24.B　上半句中的reunite （重聚） people with belongings lost during the storms提示本空選recover。recover找回，尋回。
Ⅳ.
　　Todd and Rick agreed on one thing — they wanted to find out.For months they recycled， designed， hammered and painted.They learned important skills， such as how to recycle a farm building， how to pick out a piece of wood， and how to make family members believe that cutting wood and painting were fun.The team lined up their finished masterpieces and waited for the crowds.But ...crowds didn’t come.Only one person bought a little library.The freshly built libraries sat.And sat.And sat.The team’s spirits dropped lower as they waited.
　　Todd and Rick decided that if people wouldn’t come and get the little libraries， they’d bring the libraries to the people.Out they went with thirty little libraries， placing them in three surrounding cities.Just like at the yard sale， people gathered around.They borrowed and shared books.People recommended the little libraries to those around them.It was working！ A radio interview spread the word about the little free libraries.Then a national TV show introduced their idea.Over the next year， four hundred little libraries sprang up across the country.Todd and Rick’s dream of spreading the joy of reading became a reality.
5 / 6Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
The Value of Science
　　When I was younger， I thought science would make good things for everybody.It was obviously useful； it was good.But then during the war I worked on① the atomic② bomb③.This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk④.I had to ask myself， “Is there some evil⑤ involved⑥ in science？”
　　[1]Put another way⑦， what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do？ It was a question I had to answer.I thought long and hard about this question， and I will try to answer it in this talk.
　　[1]句子的主句是what is the value of the science ...；句中when引導時間狀語從句，從句中含有一個what引導的賓語從句what terrible things it could do；句中I had long devoted myself to為省略了關系代詞that或which的定語從句，修飾先行詞science；I had loved為省略了關系代詞that或which的定語從句，修飾先行詞thing。
　　[2]The first way in which science is of value is familiar to⑧ everyone： scientific⑨ knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.[3]Of course， if we make good things， it is not only to the credit⑩ of science； it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.
　　[2]in which science is of value為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞way；is of value相當于is valuable。
　　[3]句中if引導條件狀語從句；主句中含有not only ...（but） also ...連接的并列謂語；which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞choice。
　　Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.When we look at any question deeply enough， we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again.[4]With more knowledge comes a deeper， more wonderful mystery， inspiring one to look deeper still.Never concerned that the answer may let us down ， with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.Thanks to the scientific effort， we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.
　　[4]本句是完全倒裝句，正常語序是A deeper， more wonderful mystery comes with more knowledge， inspiring one to look deeper still.。句中動詞-ing形式短語inspiring one to look deeper still作狀語。
　　[5]I would now like to turn to a third value that science has.The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty， and this experience is of very great importance.When a scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem， he is ignorant.When he has an idea as to what the result is， he is uncertain.[6] And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be， he is still in some doubt.
　　[5]句中含有“a＋序數詞＋名詞＋that（定語從句）”結構。
　　[6]句中when引導時間狀語從句，從句中what引導賓語從句，作介詞of的賓語。
　　[7]Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science.In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
　　[8]It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of this freedom； to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed； and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations .
　　[7]第一個it作形式賓語，that引導的從句作真正的賓語；第二個it作形式主語，動詞不定式短語to live and not know作真正的主語。
　　[8]句首It作形式主語，真正的主語是三個并列的動詞不定式短語。knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought是動詞-ing形式短語作原因狀語，其中that引導定語從句。
　　（Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman， an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965）
【讀文清障】
①work on 從事，致力于
②atomic adj.原子能的；原子的
③bomb n.炸彈；核武器 vt.轟炸
　the atomic bomb 原子彈
④put ...at risk 使……處于危險中
　[同義] put ...in danger
⑤evil n.罪惡，罪行；害處，壞處
　　adj.惡毒的；有害的；惡魔的
⑥involve vt.包含；牽涉，影響；（使）參加
　be/get involved in 卷入；專注于
⑦put another way 換句話說
　[同義] in other words
⑧be familiar to sb 為某人所熟悉
　be familiar with ...精通……；熟悉……
⑨scientific adj.科學的，關于科學的；細致嚴謹的
　scientific knowledge 科學知識
⑩credit n.贊揚，認可；信用
　 　　vt.存入金額；把……歸于
　to the credit of ...歸功于……
moral adj.道德的；道義上的；品行端正的 n.品行，道德；寓意
　morally adv.道德上地
　morality n.道德；道義；道德準則
　the moral choice 道德選擇
apply vt.& vi.應用；申請；涂；有關
　apply to ...適應……；適用于……
　apply （to ...） for ...　（向……）申請……
　application n.應用，運用；申請，申請表；涂抹，敷用
　applicant n.申請人
negate vt.取消，使無效；否認，否定
　negative adj.否定的；消極的；負的
　　　　　n.否定；否定詞；拒絕
intellectual adj.腦力的；有才智的，智力發達的 n.知識分子，腦力勞動者
　the intellectual enjoyment 智力的享受
mystery n.神秘；神秘的人（或事物）；懸疑作品
　mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的；詭異的
let sb down 使某人失望
unimagined strangeness 意想不到的奇妙
ignorance n.無知
　ignorant adj.無知的，愚昧的
　ignore vt.忽視；對……不予理會
as to 關于，至于
　[近義] as for
take it for granted 想當然地認為，認為……是理所當然
　take sb/sth for granted 　對……不予重視，不把……當回事
freedom n.自由
　freedom to do sth 做某事的自由
be born out of 因為……而成立
authority n.權威，權力；官方
　the authority 當局；主管部門
leave/make room for 給……留空間
permit vt.& vi.允許，準許，許可；使有可能 n.許可證
　permit sb to do sth 允許某人做某事
　permit doing sth 允許做某事
responsibility n.責任，負責；職責，義務
　responsible adj.負責的；盡責的
declare vt.表明，宣稱；公布，宣布；申報
　declaration n.公告，宣告，宣言；聲明
coming generations后世，后代
【參考譯文】
科學的價值
　　在我還很年輕的時候，我以為科學會給每個人都帶來好處。科學顯然是有用的，有好的一面。但隨后在戰爭期間，我從事了原子彈的研究。這個科學的成果又明擺著有很大危險性——它意味著人的毀滅，并使我們的未來岌岌可危。我不得不問自己：“科學里是不是有罪惡？”
　　換言之，在我發現科學可能造成的惡果之后，我一直投身其中的科學，我曾經的摯愛，價值何在？這是一個我不得不回答的問題。關于這個問題，我苦思冥想了很久，我將試著在這次演講中給出解答。
　　科學體現價值的第一種方式對每個人而言都耳熟能詳：科學知識讓我們能夠做各種各樣的事，造不同種類的東西。當然，如果我們做了善事，不僅歸功于科學，還歸功于引導我們行善的道德選擇。科學知識是一種讓我們可以行善也可以作惡的力量——但是該如何運用，它并未自帶說明書。這樣的力量其價值顯而易見，盡管，這力量會因某人用它所做的事而被否定。
　　科學的另一種價值在于它能夠給予我們以智力的享受。當我們足夠深入地探究某個問題時，我們會感到興奮和神秘不斷地撲面而來。隨新知而來的是更深刻、更精妙的奧秘，激勵我們更深入地去探究。我們從不擔心答案可能會令人失望，總是快樂而自信地開始每一次新探索，發現一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的東西，隨之而來的是更加奇妙的問題與奧秘。有賴于在科學上付出的努力，我們在其引領下構想出形形色色的東西，遠比過去任何一位詩人和夢想家的想象更加美妙。
　　現在，我要說到科學的第三種價值。科學家經常會經歷無知、疑惑和不確定，而這種經歷是十分重要的。當科學家不知道某個問題的答案時，他是無知的。當他對于結果是什么有主意時，他是不確定的。當他非常確信結果將會怎樣時，他仍舊有所懷疑。
　　現在，我們科學家理所當然地認為，人類生而有所不知是完全有可能的。但是我們懷疑的自由，脫胎于早年間科學為對抗權威展開的深刻而強硬的斗爭。為了進步，我們切不可忘記這場斗爭的重要性；我們必須認識到自己的無知，并且為懷疑留出一席之地。要允許我們提問——懷疑——不確定。
　　作為科學家，我們明白巨大進步源于思想自由，因此，我們有責任聲明這一自由的價值；有責任教育人們不必害怕疑惑，而要歡迎疑惑、討論疑惑；有責任強烈要求這一自由，這就是我們對后世的義務。
　　（改編自1965年諾貝爾物理學獎得主、美國科學家理查德·費曼的公開演講）
　
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How did the author introduce the topic？（　　）
A.By asking a question.
B.By making a comparison.
C.By giving an example.
D.By quoting a famous saying.
2.What can we learn from the third paragraph？（　　）
A.Scientific knowledge always enables us to do good things.
B.Scientific knowledge always enables us to do bad things.
C.Scientific knowledge enables us to do good things or bad things.
D.Scientific knowledge always tells us how to apply it.
3.The fourth paragraph tells us that 　　　　.（　　）
A.science can’t provide us with much intellectual enjoyment
B.more scientific knowledge can make us look deeper
C.science can’t offer us some pleasure and confidence
D.we can’t imagine more fantastic than some poets
4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？（　　）
A.We shouldn’t doubt anything all the time.
B.We shouldn’t fear doubts.
C.Freedom of thought should be encouraged.
D.Scientists should question something bravely.
5.What can we infer from the passage？（　　）
A.Everything has two sides.
B.All is progressing.
C.Authority is science.
D.Science can change everything.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1.詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
（1）名詞后綴-ance表示性質或狀態
①ignore v.忽視；對……不予理會→ignorance n.無知
②guide v.指導，指引→guidance n.指導，引導
③appear v.出現；看來，似乎→appearance n.外表，外貌
④perform v.表演；執行→performance n.表演；表現
（2）名詞后綴-dom表示狀態、領域或者某某集體
①free adj.自由的→freedom n.自由
②bore vt.使厭煩→boredom n.厭煩，厭倦
③king n.國王→kingdom n.王國
2.美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
排比句往往給人以一氣呵成之感，節奏感強，增強語言氣勢，加強表達效果，多用于說理或抒情。用排比說理，可以把論點闡述得更嚴密，更透徹；用排比抒情可以把情感抒發得淋漓盡致。
請從課文中找出有關排比的句子。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
involve vt.包含；牽涉，影響；（使）參加
【教材原句】　I had to ask myself， “Is there some evil involved in science？”
我不得不問自己：“科學里是不是有罪惡？”
【用法】
（1）involve sb in （doing） sth 使某人參與（做）某事；使某人牽扯到某事中 involve doing sth 包括做某事；需要做某事 （2）involved adj. 復雜的；有牽連的；有關聯的 be/get involved in 參與；卷入；與……有關聯 be/get involved with sb/sth 與某人混在一起/和某事有密切聯系
【佳句】　As well as studying hard， I’ve been involved in social activities.
努力學習之余，我還參加了一些社交活動。
【點津】　形容詞involved作前置定語時，意為“復雜的”；作后置定語時，意為“涉及的”。
an involved sentence一個復雜的句子
the people involved所涉及的人
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Don’t involve me 　　　　　　solving your problems！
②The test will involve 　　　　　　（answer） some questions about a photo.
③All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting 　　　　　　（involve）.
④There was a lot of work 　　　　　　（involve） in setting up the festival.
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤I get involved in volunteer work， so I have learned a lot.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， I have learned a lot.（動詞-ed形式短語作狀語）
credit n.贊揚，認可；信用；貸款，借款 vt.存入金額；把……歸于
【教材原句】　Of course， if we make good things， it is not only to the credit of science； it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.
當然，如果我們做了善事，不僅歸功于科學，還歸功于引導我們行善的道德選擇。
【用法】
（1）to one’s credit 　　　某人值得贊揚/欽佩 do sb/sth credit＝do credit to sb/sth 某人/某物值得贊揚 （2）on credit　　　　　　 賒賬 （3）credit A with B/credit B to A 認為B是A的功勞；把B歸于A
【佳句】　Your honesty does your great credit.
你的誠實值得大大表揚。
Much of the team’s success can be credited to their manager.
這個團隊的成功很大程度上歸功于他們的經理。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The merchant has sold goods 　　　　　　credit， but from this time he will sell only for cash.
②The company is credited 　　　　　　inventing the industrial robot.
③The teacher’s fairness to all her students does credit 　　　　　　her.
【寫美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　， he has grown to be a responsible person.
特別值得贊揚的是，他已經成長為一個有責任心的人。
let sb down 使某人失望；辜負
【教材原句】　Never concerned that the answer may let us down， with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
我們從不擔心答案可能會令人失望，總是快樂而自信地開始每一次新探索，發現一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的東西，隨之而來的是更加奇妙的問題與奧秘。
【用法】
let out 　　　　　　　 發出（叫聲等） let alone 更不用說 let go 放開；松手 let out 泄露（秘密）；發生 let sb off 放過/不懲罰某人 let sb alone 不管/不干涉某人 let sth/sb in/out 讓某物/某人進來/出去
【佳句】　Don’t worry， Mum.I won’t let you down.
媽媽，不要擔心。我不會讓你失望的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I’ll let him 　　　　　　this time but next time he’ll be punished.
②I’m counting on you to make it—don’t let me 　　　　　　.
③It remains unknown who let 　　　　　　the secret.
【寫美】　完成句子
④I hardly had time to think these days， 　　　　　　　　.
這些天我幾乎沒時間思考，更不用說休息了。
permit vt.& vi.允許，準許，許可；使有可能 n.許可證
【教材原句】　Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
要允許我們提問——懷疑——不確定。
【用法】
（1）permit sb to do sth 　　允許某人做某事 permit doing sth 允許做某事 （2）permission n.[U] 允許，許可 with/without permission 獲得/未經允許 ask sb for permission 請求某人許可
【佳句】　No one is permitted to go into the building at present.
現在不允許任何人進入這座大樓。
【點津】　動詞permit的常見用法有permit doing sth和permit sb to do sth。用法類似的動詞還有allow、forbid、 advise、 encourage等。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①If time 　　　　　　（permit）， I may go hiking with my friends.
②Passengers are permitted 　　　　　　　　　　　　（carry） only one piece of luggage onto the plane.
③The owners don’t permit 　　　　　　（park） cars in front of the shops.
【寫美】　句式升級
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （把句①改為獨立主格結構）
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （把句③改為被動語態）
declare vt.表明，宣稱；公布，宣布；申報
【教材原句】　It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of this freedom ...
作為科學家，我們明白巨大進步源于思想自由，因此，我們有責任聲明這一自由的價值……
【用法】
declare war （on） 　　　　（向……）宣戰 declare sb/sth （as/to be）＋名詞/形容詞 宣布某人/物為…… declare sth/that ... 宣布…… declare for/against ... 贊成/反對…… It is/was declared that ... 據宣布……
【佳句】　Hearing the drama festival declared open， all the students burst into cheers.
聽到戲劇節宣布開幕，所有的學生都歡呼起來。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Angry residents have declared war 　　　　the owners of the nearby factories.
②All the citizens declared 　　　　　　garbage-sorting to better protect the environment.
③The suspect was declared 　　　　　　　　（be） guilty by the court.
【寫美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　 he is in love with this beautiful town.
他聲稱他愛上了這個美麗的小城鎮。
put forward 提出，提議，建議；推舉；往前撥（鐘表指針）；將……提前
【教材原句】　He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.他提出了自然選擇進化論，并在1859年發表了《物種起源》一書。
【用法】
put up 　　　　　 張貼（布告等）；舉起；搭建；留宿；提高（價錢） put off 推遲，延期 put on 穿上，戴上；上演 put out 熄滅，撲滅；伸出 put down 放下；記下；批評；鎮壓 put away 把……收起來，儲存 put up with 忍受；容忍
【佳句】　Who put forward a theory about black holes？
誰提出了黑洞理論？
【練透】　用put的相關短語填空
①We will 　　　　　　　　the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better.
②Just as the saying goes， “Far water doesn’t 　　　　　　　　near fire.”
③A week before Earth Day， posters were 　　　　　　　　around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener Earth.
【寫美】　完成句子
④My watch was slow so I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我的表慢了，所以我把它往前撥了三分鐘。
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓
ignorance n.無知
【教材原句】　The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty， and this experience is of very great importance.
科學家經常會經歷無知、疑惑和不確定，而這種經歷是十分重要的。
【用法】
（1）be in ignorance of sth不知某事，對某事不了解 out of ignorance 出于無知 （2）ignorant adj. 無知的，不了解的，愚昧的 be ignorant of/about sth　不知道某事 be ignorant that ... 不知道…… （3）ignore vt. 忽視；對……不予理會
【佳句】　He is in ignorance of his serious illness now； that is to say， he is ignorant about the danger.He shouldn’t ignore the doctor’s advice and keep staying up.
他現在不知道自己嚴重的病情，也就是說，他不知道那個危險。他不應忽視醫生的勸告，繼續熬夜。
【點津】　ignore表示“裝作不知道，故意不理睬”；be ignorant表示“不知道，沒意識到”。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①How much， though？ How 　　　　　　（ignore） are we？ The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
②You should not 　　　　　　（ignorance） your mistakes if you want to make greater progress.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③他不知道父母為他創造一個良好學習氛圍的良苦用心。
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　　his parents’ intention of creating a good study atmosphere for study.（ignorant）
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　　his parents’ intention of creating a good study atmosphere for study.（ignorance）
responsibility n.責任，負責；職責，義務
【教材原句】　It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of this freedom ...
作為科學家，我們明白巨大進步源于思想自由，因此，我們有責任聲明這一自由的價值……
【用法】
（1）take responsibility for sth 對某事負責 a sense of responsibility 責任感 It is one’s responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的職責 （2）responsible adj. 負責的；有責任的 be responsible for 對……負責
【佳句】　From my point of view， it’s our responsibility to spread traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
就我個人而言，向外國人傳播中國傳統文化是我們的責任。（應用文寫作之傳統文化）
【練透】　單句語法填空
①We are supposed to be responsible 　　　　　　　　our own behaviours and try our best to protect the environment.
②I realize that being a grown-up not only means more freedom， but also more 　　　　　　（responsible）.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Firstly， doing housework is helpful for us 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
首先，做家務有助于我們成為一個負責任的人。
Part Ⅲ　重點句型解構
句型公式：way作先行詞的定語從句
【教材原句】　The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone： scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.科學體現價值的第一種方式對每個人而言都耳熟能詳：科學知識讓我們能夠做各種各樣的事，造不同種類的東西。
【用法】
句中in which science is of value是in which引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞The first way。此時，關系代詞也可以用that，也可以省略關系代詞。 （1）way表示“方式；方法”時，其后常接in which或that引導的定語從句，也可以將關系詞in which或that省略，此時關系詞在從句中作狀語。 （2）way后接定語從句時，如果關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則用關系代詞that或which，作賓語時可以省略，作主語時不可省略。 （3）way表示“方式；方法”時，其后還可接動詞不定式或of doing sth形式。
【品悟】　Of course， when new technology changes the way （that/in which） we live， it can be a scary prospect.當然，當新技術改變我們的生活方式時，這可能是一個可怕的前景。
【寫美】　完成句子
①To be honest， we admired 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
誠實地說，我們欽佩他解決那個問題的方式。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to solve the problem was good.
你想出的這個解決問題的方法很好。
③The way 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　was unpractical.
會議上提出的方式是不切實際的。
④It was because of John’s bright idea and 　　　　　　　　　　　　that made a great difference in Bernard’s life.
正是因為約翰聰明的想法和他執行的方式使伯納德的生活發生了巨大的變化。
句型公式：what 引導賓語從句
【教材原句】　And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be， he is still in some doubt.當他非常確信結果將會怎樣時，他仍舊有所懷疑。
【用法】
句中介詞of后接一個what引導的賓語從句what the result is going to be。what意為“……的東西或事情”。介詞后常跟what、 which、 who、 whom、 when、 where、 how、whether等引導的賓語從句，但不能接if引導的賓語從句。 （1）動詞短語中的介詞后不能直接跟that引導的賓語從句，需要接it作介詞的形式賓語，再接that引導的賓語從句。 （2）what可以引導主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。what在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語等。
【品悟】　Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance.媒體的審美標準會對你如何看待自己的外表產生很大影響。
【寫美】　完成句子/句型升級
①My father came down and demanded to know 　　　　　　　　　　　　.我父親（從樓上）下來要求知道正在發生什么事情。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 is to wait for a proper chance.
我們所能做的就是等待一個合適的機會。
③We are talking about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們正在討論是否準許學生加入我們的俱樂部。
④The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.
→The boy is too young to know 　　　　　　　　　　　　in trouble. （賓語從句）
句型公式：it作形式賓語
【教材原句】　Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.現在，我們科學家理所當然地認為，人類生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
【用法】
句中it作形式賓語，that引導的從句作真正的賓語。當動詞不定式（短語）、動詞-ing形式（短語）或從句作賓語時，為了保持句子結構的平衡，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語后置。此時的it無詞義。常用it作形式賓語的動詞有feel、 consider、 find、 believe、 make、 take、 imagine、 prove、 think、 suppose、 regard、 notice等。 （1）it作形式賓語，代替動詞不定式（短語）。 （2）it作形式賓語，代替動詞-ing形式（短語）。 當動詞-ing形式（短語）作真正的賓語時，其賓語補足語通常是no use、 no good、 a waste、 hard work等。 （3）it作形式賓語，代替從句。 ①在一些習慣用法中，it 在hate、 like、 love、 appreciate、 enjoy、 take、have等動詞后作形式賓語，代替其后的賓語從句。 ②在一些特殊結構中，用it作形式賓語。 rely on/depend on it that ...信賴/依靠…… take it for granted that ... 認為……是理所當然的
【品悟】　I think it possible to master a foreign language well with hard work.我認為通過努力學習，掌握好一門外語是可能的。
【寫美】　完成句子
①I 　　　　　　　　　　　　the matter again.
我認為再討論此事沒有用處了。
②You can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I will help you when you are in trouble.
你可以相信，當你遇到麻煩時，我會幫助你的。
③He seemed to 　　　　　　　　　he should speak as a representative.
他似乎想當然地認為他應該以代表的身份發言。
④Do you 　　　　　　　　　　　　trying again？
你認為再試一次會有好處嗎？
⑤I feel 　　　　　　　　　　　　with you.
我覺得與你共事是件令人愉快的事。
⑥You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance， which 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你最好提前掌握一些基礎的漢語，這使你容易適應在北京的新生活。
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.make good things　2.at risk　3.enables　4.intellectual　5.doubt　6.value　7.welcomed　8.duty
第二步
1－5　ACBAA
第三步
2.In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
【核心知識·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①in　②answering　③involved　④involved　⑤Involved in volunteer work
2.①on　②with　③to　④Much to his credit
3.①off　②down　③out　④let alone relax
4.①permits　②to carry　③parking
④Time permitting， I may go hiking with my friends.
⑤Parking cars isn’t permitted in front of the shops.
5.①on　②for　③to be　④He declares that
6.①put off　②put out　③put up　④put it forward three minutes
Part Ⅱ
1.①ignorant　②ignore　③was ignorant of/about； was in ignorance of
2.①for　②responsibilities　③to be a responsible person
Part Ⅲ
1.①the way （in which/that） he solved the problem　②The way （that/which） you thought of　③that/which came up at the meeting　④the way he carried out
2.①what was going on　②What we can do　③whether we admit students into our club or not　④what he should do
3.①think it no use discussing　②depend/rely on it that
③take it for granted that　④consider it any good
⑤it pleasant to work
⑥makes it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing
12 / 13(共126張PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
The Value of Science
　　When I was younger， I thought science would make good things for
everybody.It was obviously useful； it was good.But then during the war
I worked on① the atomic② bomb③.This result of science was obviously
very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future
at risk④.I had to ask myself， “Is there some evil⑤ involved⑥ in science？”
　　[1]Put another way⑦， what is the value of the science I had long
devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things
it could do？ It was a question I had to answer.I thought long and hard
about this question， and I will try to answer it in this talk.
　　[1]句子的主句是what is the value of the science ...；句中when
引導時間狀語從句，從句中含有一個what引導的賓語從句what
terrible things it could do；句中I had long devoted myself to為省略了關
系代詞that或which的定語從句，修飾先行詞science；I had loved為省
略了關系代詞that或which的定語從句，修飾先行詞thing。
【讀文清障】
①work on 從事，致力于
②atomic adj.原子能的；原子的
③bomb n.炸彈；核武器 vt.轟炸
　the atomic bomb 原子彈
④put ...at risk 使……處于危險中
　[同義] put ...in danger
⑤evil n.罪惡，罪行；害處，壞處
　　adj.惡毒的；有害的；惡魔的
⑥involve vt.包含；牽涉，影響；（使）參加
　be/get involved in 卷入；專注于
⑦put another way 換句話說
　[同義] in other words
　　[2]The first way in which science is of value is familiar to⑧
everyone： scientific⑨ knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of
things.[3]Of course， if we make good things， it is not only to the
credit⑩ of science； it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led
us to good work.Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either
good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.Such
power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by
what one does with it.
　　[2]in which science is of value為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞way；is of value相當于is valuable。
　　[3]句中if引導條件狀語從句；主句中含有not only ...（but）
also ...連接的并列謂語；which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞choice。
⑧be familiar to sb 為某人所熟悉
　be familiar with ...精通……；熟悉……
⑨scientific adj.科學的，關于科學的；細致嚴謹的
　scientific knowledge 科學知識
⑩credit n.贊揚，認可；信用
　 　　vt.存入金額；把……歸于
　to the credit of ...歸功于……
moral adj.道德的；道義上的；品行端正的 n.品行，道德；寓意
　morally adv.道德上地
　morality n.道德；道義；道德準則
　the moral choice 道德選擇
apply vt.& vi.應用；申請；涂；有關
　apply to ...適應……；適用于……
　apply （to ...） for ...（向……）申請……
　application n.應用，運用；申請，申請表；涂抹，敷用
　applicant n.申請人
negate vt.取消，使無效；否認，否定
　negative adj.否定的；消極的；負的
　　　　　n.否定；否定詞；拒絕
　　Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can
provide us with.When we look at any question deeply enough， we feel
the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again.[4]With more
knowledge comes a deeper， more wonderful mystery， inspiring one to
look deeper still.Never concerned that the answer may let us down ，
with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find
unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and
mysteries.Thanks to the scientific effort， we have been led to imagine all
sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever
could.
　　[4]本句是完全倒裝句，正常語序是A deeper， more wonderful
mystery comes with more knowledge， inspiring one to look deeper
still.。句中動詞-ing形式短語inspiring one to look deeper still作狀語。
intellectual adj.腦力的；有才智的，智力發達的 n.知識分子，腦力勞動者
　the intellectual enjoyment 智力的享受
mystery n.神秘；神秘的人（或事物）；懸疑作品
　mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的；詭異的
let sb down 使某人失望
unimagined strangeness 意想不到的奇妙
　　[5]I would now like to turn to a third value that science has.The
scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and
uncertainty， and this experience is of very great importance.When a
scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem， he is ignorant.When he
has an idea as to what the result is， he is uncertain.[6] And when he is
pretty sure of what the result is going to be， he is still in some doubt.
　　[5]句中含有“a＋序數詞＋名詞＋that（定語從句）”結構。
　　[6]句中when引導時間狀語從句，從句中what引導賓語從句，作
介詞of的賓語。
ignorance n.無知
　ignorant adj.無知的，愚昧的
　ignore vt.忽視；對……不予理會
as to 關于，至于
　[近義] as for
　　[7]Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly
possible to live and not know.But our freedom to doubt was born out of
a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of
science.In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this
struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for
doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
　　[7]第一個it作形式賓語，that引導的從句作真正的賓語；第二個
it作形式主語，動詞不定式短語to live and not know作真正的主語。
　　
take it for granted 想當然地認為，認為……是理所當然
　take sb/sth for granted 　對……不予重視，不把……當回事
freedom n.自由
　freedom to do sth 做某事的自由
be born out of 因為……而成立
authority n.權威，權力；官方
　the authority 當局；主管部門
leave/make room for 給……留空間
permit vt.& vi.允許，準許，許可；使有可能 n.許可證
　permit sb to do sth 允許某人做某事
　permit doing sth 允許做某事
　　[8]It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great
progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of
this freedom； to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed
and discussed； and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming
generations .
　　[8]句首It作形式主語，真正的主語是三個并列的動詞不定式短
語。knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought是
動詞-ing形式短語作原因狀語，其中that引導定語從句。
　　（Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman， an American
scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965）
responsibility n.責任，負責；職責，義務
　responsible adj.負責的；盡責的
declare vt.表明，宣稱；公布，宣布；申報
　declaration n.公告，宣告，宣言；聲明
coming generations后世，后代
【參考譯文】
科學的價值
　　在我還很年輕的時候，我以為科學會給每個人都帶來好處。科學
顯然是有用的，有好的一面。但隨后在戰爭期間，我從事了原子彈的
研究。這個科學的成果又明擺著有很大危險性——它意味著人的毀
滅，并使我們的未來岌岌可危。我不得不問自己：“科學里是不是有
罪惡？”
　　換言之，在我發現科學可能造成的惡果之后，我一直投身其中的
科學，我曾經的摯愛，價值何在？這是一個我不得不回答的問題。關
于這個問題，我苦思冥想了很久，我將試著在這次演講中給出解答。
　　科學體現價值的第一種方式對每個人而言都耳熟能詳：科學知識
讓我們能夠做各種各樣的事，造不同種類的東西。當然，如果我們做
了善事，不僅歸功于科學，還歸功于引導我們行善的道德選擇。科學
知識是一種讓我們可以行善也可以作惡的力量——但是該如何運用，
它并未自帶說明書。這樣的力量其價值顯而易見，盡管，這力量會因
某人用它所做的事而被否定。
　　科學的另一種價值在于它能夠給予我們以智力的享受。當我們足
夠深入地探究某個問題時，我們會感到興奮和神秘不斷地撲面而來。
隨新知而來的是更深刻、更精妙的奧秘，激勵我們更深入地去探究。
我們從不擔心答案可能會令人失望，總是快樂而自信地開始每一次新
探索，發現一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的東西，隨之而來的是更加奇妙
的問題與奧秘。有賴于在科學上付出的努力，我們在其引領下構想出
形形色色的東西，遠比過去任何一位詩人和夢想家的想象更加美妙。
　　現在，我要說到科學的第三種價值。科學家經常會經歷無知、疑
惑和不確定，而這種經歷是十分重要的。當科學家不知道某個問題的
答案時，他是無知的。當他對于結果是什么有主意時，他是不確定
的。當他非常確信結果將會怎樣時，他仍舊有所懷疑。
　　現在，我們科學家理所當然地認為，人類生而有所不知是完全有
可能的。但是我們懷疑的自由，脫胎于早年間科學為對抗權威展開的
深刻而強硬的斗爭。為了進步，我們切不可忘記這場斗爭的重要性；
我們必須認識到自己的無知，并且為懷疑留出一席之地。要允許我們
提問——懷疑——不確定。
　　作為科學家，我們明白巨大進步源于思想自由，因此，我們
有責任聲明這一自由的價值；有責任教育人們不必害怕疑惑，而
要歡迎疑惑、討論疑惑；有責任強烈要求這一自由，這就是我們
對后世的義務。
　　（改編自1965年諾貝爾物理學獎得主、美國科學家理查德·費曼
的公開演講）
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. How did the author introduce the topic？（　　）
A. By asking a question.
B. By making a comparison.
C. By giving an example.
D. By quoting a famous saying.
2. What can we learn from the third paragraph？（　　）
A. Scientific knowledge always enables us to do good things.
B. Scientific knowledge always enables us to do bad things.
C. Scientific knowledge enables us to do good things or bad things.
D. Scientific knowledge always tells us how to apply it.
3. The fourth paragraph tells us that 　　　　.（　　）
A. science can’t provide us with much intellectual enjoyment
B. more scientific knowledge can make us look deeper
C. science can’t offer us some pleasure and confidence
D. we can’t imagine more fantastic than some poets
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
（　　）
A. We shouldn’t doubt anything all the time.
B. We shouldn’t fear doubts.
C. Freedom of thought should be encouraged.
D. Scientists should question something bravely.
5. What can we infer from the passage？（　　）
A. Everything has two sides.
B. All is progressing.
C. Authority is science.
D. Science can change everything.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1. 詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
（1）名詞后綴-ance表示性質或狀態
①ignore v.忽視；對……不予理會→ignorance n.無知
②guide v.指導，指引→guidance n.指導，引導
③appear v.出現；看來，似乎→appearance n.外表，外貌
④perform v.表演；執行→performance n.表演；表現
（2）名詞后綴-dom表示狀態、領域或者某某集體
①free adj.自由的→freedom n.自由
②bore vt.使厭煩→boredom n.厭煩，厭倦
③king n.國王→kingdom n.王國
2. 美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
排比句往往給人以一氣呵成之感，節奏感強，增強語言氣勢，加強
表達效果，多用于說理或抒情。用排比說理，可以把論點闡述得更
嚴密，更透徹；用排比抒情可以把情感抒發得淋漓盡致。
請從課文中找出有關排比的句子。



In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this
struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for
doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
involve vt.包含；牽涉，影響；（使）參加
【教材原句】　I had to ask myself， “Is there some evil involved in
science？”
我不得不問自己：“科學里是不是有罪惡？”
【用法】
（1）involve sb in （doing） sth 使某人參與（做）某事；使某人牽
扯到某事中
involve doing sth 包括做某事；需要做某事
（2）involved adj. 復雜的；有牽連的；有關聯的
be/get involved in 參與；卷入；與……有關聯
be/get involved with sb/sth 與某人混在一起/和某事有密切聯系
【佳句】　As well as studying hard， I’ve been involved in social
activities.
努力學習之余，我還參加了一些社交活動。
【點津】　形容詞involved作前置定語時，意為“復雜的”；作后置
定語時，意為“涉及的”。
an involved sentence一個復雜的句子
the people involved所涉及的人
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Don’t involve me solving your problems！
②The test will involve （answer） some questions about a
photo.
③All who participated have gained a positive outcome from
getting （involve）.
④There was a lot of work （involve） in setting up the
festival.
in　
answering　
involved　
involved　
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤I get involved in volunteer work， so I have learned a lot.
→ ， I have learned a lot.（動詞-ed形式
短語作狀語）
Involved in volunteer work　
credit n.贊揚，認可；信用；貸款，借款 vt.存入金額；把……歸于
【教材原句】　Of course， if we make good things， it is not only to
the credit of science； it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led
us to good work.
當然，如果我們做了善事，不僅歸功于科學，還歸功于引導我們行善
的道德選擇。
【用法】
（1）to one’s credit 　　　某人值得贊揚/欽佩
do sb/sth credit＝do credit to sb/sth 某人/某物值得贊揚
（2）on credit 賒賬
（3）credit A with B/credit B to A 認為B是A的功勞；把B歸于A
【佳句】　Your honesty does your great credit.
你的誠實值得大大表揚。
Much of the team’s success can be credited to their manager.
這個團隊的成功很大程度上歸功于他們的經理。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The merchant has sold goods credit， but from this time he will
sell only for cash.
②The company is credited inventing the industrial robot.
③The teacher’s fairness to all her students does credit her.
on　
with　
to　
【寫美】　完成句子
④ ， he has grown to be a responsible person.
特別值得贊揚的是，他已經成長為一個有責任心的人。
Much to his credit　
let sb down 使某人失望；辜負
【教材原句】　Never concerned that the answer may let us down， with
pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined
strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
我們從不擔心答案可能會令人失望，總是快樂而自信地開始每一次新
探索，發現一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的東西，隨之而來的是更加奇妙
的問題與奧秘。
【用法】
let out 　　　　 發出（叫聲等）
let alone 更不用說
let go 放開；松手
let out 泄露（秘密）；發生
let sb off 放過/不懲罰某人
let sb alone 不管/不干涉某人
let sth/sb in/out 讓某物/某人進來/出去
【佳句】　Don’t worry， Mum.I won’t let you down.
媽媽，不要擔心。我不會讓你失望的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I’ll let him this time but next time he’ll be punished.
②I’m counting on you to make it—don’t let me .
③It remains unknown who let the secret.
off　
down　
out　
【寫美】　完成句子
④I hardly had time to think these days， .
這些天我幾乎沒時間思考，更不用說休息了。
let alone relax　
permit vt.& vi.允許，準許，許可；使有可能 n.許可證
【教材原句】　Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
要允許我們提問——懷疑——不確定。
【用法】
（1）permit sb to do sth 　 允許某人做某事
permit doing sth 允許做某事
（2）permission n.[U] 允許，許可
with/without permission 獲得/未經允許
ask sb for permission 請求某人許可
【佳句】　No one is permitted to go into the building at present.
現在不允許任何人進入這座大樓。
【點津】　動詞permit的常見用法有permit doing sth和permit sb to do
sth。用法類似的動詞還有allow、forbid、 advise、 encourage等。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①If time （permit）， I may go hiking with my friends.
②Passengers are permitted （carry） only one piece of
luggage onto the plane.
③The owners don’t permit （park） cars in front of the
shops.
permits　
to carry　
parking　
【寫美】　句式升級
④ （把句①改
為獨立主格結構）
⑤ （把句③改為
被動語態）
Time permitting， I may go hiking with my friends.　
Parking cars isn’t permitted in front of the shops.　
declare vt.表明，宣稱；公布，宣布；申報
【教材原句】　It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great
progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of
this freedom ...
作為科學家，我們明白巨大進步源于思想自由，因此，我們有責任聲
明這一自由的價值……
【用法】
declare war （on） 　 （向……）宣戰
declare sb/sth （as/to be）＋名詞/形容詞
宣布某人/物為……
declare sth/that ... 宣布……
declare for/against ... 贊成/反對……
It is/was declared that ... 據宣布……
【佳句】　Hearing the drama festival declared open， all the students
burst into cheers.
聽到戲劇節宣布開幕，所有的學生都歡呼起來。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Angry residents have declared war the owners of the nearby
factories.
②All the citizens declared garbage-sorting to better protect the
environment.
③The suspect was declared （be） guilty by the court.
【寫美】　完成句子
④ he is in love with this beautiful town.
他聲稱他愛上了這個美麗的小城鎮。
on　
for　
to be　
He declares that
put forward 提出，提議，建議；推舉；往前撥（鐘表指針）；
將……提前
【教材原句】　He put forward the theory of evolution by natural
selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.他提出了自然
選擇進化論，并在1859年發表了《物種起源》一書。
【用法】
put up 　　張貼（布告等）；舉起；搭建；留宿；提高（價錢）
put off 推遲，延期
put on 穿上，戴上；上演
put out 熄滅，撲滅；伸出
put down 放下；記下；批評；鎮壓
put away 把……收起來，儲存
put up with 忍受；容忍
【佳句】
Who put forward a theory about black holes？誰提出了黑洞理論？
【練透】 用put的相關短語填空
①We will the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better.
②Just as the saying goes， “Far water doesn’t near fire.”
③A week before Earth Day， posters were around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener Earth.
put off　
put out　
put up　
【寫美】　完成句子
④My watch was slow so I .
我的表慢了，所以我把它往前撥了三分鐘。
put it forward three minutes　
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓
ignorance n.無知
【教材原句】　The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and
doubt and uncertainty， and this experience is of very great importance.科
學家經常會經歷無知、疑惑和不確定，而這種經歷是十分重要的。
【用法】
（1）be in ignorance of sth不知某事，對某事不了解
out of ignorance 出于無知
（2）ignorant adj. 無知的，不了解的，愚昧的
be ignorant of/about sth　不知道某事
be ignorant that ... 不知道……
（3）ignore vt. 忽視；對……不予理會
【佳句】　He is in ignorance of his serious illness now； that is to say，
he is ignorant about the danger.He shouldn’t ignore the doctor’s
advice and keep staying up.
他現在不知道自己嚴重的病情，也就是說，他不知道那個危險。他不
應忽視醫生的勸告，繼續熬夜。
【點津】　ignore表示“裝作不知道，故意不理睬”；be ignorant表示
“不知道，沒意識到”。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①How much， though？ How （ignore） are we？ The
question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
②You should not （ignorance） your mistakes if you want to
make greater progress.
ignorant　
ignore　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③他不知道父母為他創造一個良好學習氛圍的良苦用心。
→He his parents’ intention of creating a good
study atmosphere for study.（ignorant）
→He his parents’ intention of creating a good
study atmosphere for study.（ignorance）
was ignorant of/about　
was in ignorance of　
responsibility n.責任，負責；職責，義務
【教材原句】　It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great
progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of
this freedom ...
作為科學家，我們明白巨大進步源于思想自由，因此，我們有責任聲
明這一自由的價值……
【用法】
（1）take responsibility for sth 對某事負責
a sense of responsibility 責任感
It is one’s responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的職責
（2）responsible adj. 負責的；有責任的
be responsible for 對……負責
【佳句】　From my point of view， it’s our responsibility to spread
traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
就我個人而言，向外國人傳播中國傳統文化是我們的責任。（應用文
寫作之傳統文化）
【練透】　單句語法填空
①We are supposed to be responsible our own behaviours and try our
best to protect the environment.
②I realize that being a grown-up not only means more freedom， but also
more （responsible）.
for
responsibilities　
【寫美】　完成句子
③Firstly， doing housework is helpful for us
.
首先，做家務有助于我們成為一個負責任的人。
to be a responsible
person　
Part Ⅲ　重點句型解構
句型公式：way作先行詞的定語從句
【教材原句】　The first way in which science is of value is familiar to
everyone： scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of
things.科學體現價值的第一種方式對每個人而言都耳熟能詳：科學知
識讓我們能夠做各種各樣的事，造不同種類的東西。
【用法】
句中in which science is of value是in which引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞The first way。此時，關系代詞也可以用that，也可以省略關系代詞。
（1）way表示“方式；方法”時，其后常接in which或that引導的定語從句，也可以將關系詞in which或that省略，此時關系詞在從句中作狀語。
（2）way后接定語從句時，如果關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則用關系代詞that或which，作賓語時可以省略，作主語時不可省略。
（3）way表示“方式；方法”時，其后還可接動詞不定式或of doing
sth形式。
【品悟】　Of course， when new technology changes the way （that/in
which） we live， it can be a scary prospect.當然，當新技術改變我們
的生活方式時，這可能是一個可怕的前景。
【寫美】　完成句子
①To be honest， we admired
.
誠實地說，我們欽佩他解決那個問題的方式。
② to solve the problem was
good.
你想出的這個解決問題的方法很好。
the way （in which/that） he solved the
problem　
The way （that/which） you thought of　
③The way was unpractical.
會議上提出的方式是不切實際的。
④It was because of John’s bright idea and
that made a great difference in Bernard’s life.
正是因為約翰聰明的想法和他執行的方式使伯納德的生活發生了巨大
的變化。
the way he carried out　
that/which came up at the meeting　
句型公式：what 引導賓語從句
【教材原句】　And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to
be， he is still in some doubt.
當他非常確信結果將會怎樣時，他仍舊有所懷疑。
【用法】
句中介詞of后接一個what引導的賓語從句what the result is going to
be。what意為“……的東西或事情”。介詞后常跟what、 which、
who、 whom、 when、 where、 how、whether等引導的賓語從句，但
不能接if引導的賓語從句。
（1）動詞短語中的介詞后不能直接跟that引導的賓語從句，需要接it
作介詞的形式賓語，再接that引導的賓語從句。
（2）what可以引導主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。
what在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語等。
【品悟】　Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on
what you think of your physical appearance.媒體的審美標準會對你如
何看待自己的外表產生很大影響。
【寫美】　完成句子/句型升級
①My father came down and demanded to know .
我父親（從樓上）下來要求知道正在發生什么事情。
② is to wait for a proper chance.
我們所能做的就是等待一個合適的機會。
what was going on　
What we can do　
③We are talking about
.
我們正在討論是否準許學生加入我們的俱樂部。
④The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.
→The boy is too young to know in trouble. （賓
語從句）
what he should do　
whether we admit students into our club or
not　
句型公式：it作形式賓語
【教材原句】　Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly
possible to live and not know.
現在，我們科學家理所當然地認為，人類生而有所不知是完全有
可能的。
【用法】
句中it作形式賓語，that引導的從句作真正的賓語。當動詞不定式
（短語）、動詞-ing形式（短語）或從句作賓語時，為了保持句子結
構的平衡，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語后置。此時的it無詞
義。常用it作形式賓語的動詞有feel、 consider、 find、 believe、
make、 take、 imagine、 prove、 think、 suppose、 regard、 notice
等。
（1）it作形式賓語，代替動詞不定式（短語）。
（2）it作形式賓語，代替動詞-ing形式（短語）。
當動詞-ing形式（短語）作真正的賓語時，其賓語補足語通常是no
use、 no good、 a waste、 hard work等。
（3）it作形式賓語，代替從句。
①在一些習慣用法中，it 在hate、 like、 love、 appreciate、 enjoy、
take、have等動詞后作形式賓語，代替其后的賓語從句。
②在一些特殊結構中，用it作形式賓語。
rely on/depend on it that ...信賴/依靠……
take it for granted that ...認為……是理所當然的
【品悟】　I think it possible to master a foreign language well with
hard work.
我認為通過努力學習，掌握好一門外語是可能的。
【寫美】　完成句子
①I the matter again.
我認為再討論此事沒有用處了。
②You can I will help you when you are in
trouble.
你可以相信，當你遇到麻煩時，我會幫助你的。
③He seemed to he should speak as a
representative.
他似乎想當然地認為他應該以代表的身份發言。
think it no use discussing　
depend/rely on it that　
take it for granted that　
④Do you trying again？
你認為再試一次會有好處嗎？
⑤I feel with you.
我覺得與你共事是件令人愉快的事。
⑥You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance， which
.
你最好提前掌握一些基礎的漢語，這使你容易適應在北京的新生活。
consider it any good　
it pleasant to work　
makes
it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1. It is much to her c that Mary continued to work in spite of all the
difficulties.
2. Every one has the f of speech and meanwhile he/she should
obey the laws.
redit　
reedom　
3. I think we have a m responsibility to help these people who are in
trouble.
4. On the island， cars， buses and bikes are not p there.
5. I’m a for a part-time job at a foreign company during the
summer vacation.
6. We have time and time again （聲明） that we will never
be the first to use nuclear weapons.
7. It’s the love and （責任） that have driven him to
get through many hardships and survive.
8. We believe the time and hard work （牽涉） in
completing such an important project are worthwhile.
oral　
ermitted　
pplying　
declared　
responsibility　
involved　
維度二：詞形轉換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1. He could not escape from his （responsible） in the
accident.
2. At the international school they have pupils of
different （nation）.
3. All our results are published in （science） journals.
4. It was his （ignore） that led to a terrible fire， which
burned down the building.
responsibility　
nationalities　
scientific　
ignorance　
5. Due to the （apply） of this medical technology，
some diseases can be treated at the early stage.
6. The article was reproduced by the special （permit）
of the President.
application　
permission　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1. 我們將要做什么還沒有決定下來。（名詞性從句）
hasn’t been decided.
2. 小女孩的建議很有價值，我們最好仔細考慮一下。 （“of＋抽象
名詞”結構）
The little girl’s advice and we’d better think it
over.
What we will do　
is of great value　
3. 他發現要及時完成這項工作很困難。（it作形式賓語）
He found the work in time.
4. 他在會議上提出的建議值得考慮。（put forward）
is worth
considering.
The suggestion he put forward at the meeting　
it very difficult to finish　
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確
形式。
　　When the author was younger， he thought science was
1. （obvious） useful.But during the war， it represented
the 2. （destroy） of people.“Is there some evil
3. （involve） in science？” The author asked himself.
obviously　
destruction　
involved　
　　Science has three 4. （value）.The first way in which
science is 5. value is familiar to us—enables us to do and make all
kinds of things.Another value is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide
us with.The third is the 6. （free） of doubt，7.
is born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority.But scientists
take 8. for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not
know.9. （teach） how doubt is not to be feared but to be
welcomed and discussed， and to ensure the freedom for all coming
generations are scientists’ 10. （responsible）.
values　
of　
freedom　
which　
it　
To teach　
responsibilities　
　　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　In the summer of 1885， nine-year-old Joseph Meister was very
ill.He had been wounded by a sick dog that had rabies （狂犬病）， a
very dangerous disease.His parents were told that there was probably only
one man who could save Joseph’s life — Louis Pasteur.
　　When Pasteur was a young boy in France， he spent many hours
every day with the chemist （藥劑師） who lived in his small town.At
that time， the chemist had to make all the medicines himself.Young
Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people
who came to him each day.
　　As a schoolboy， Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.At first， his
teachers thought that young Louis might be a slow learner.Through
elementary school， high school， and college， Pasteur worked in the
same thoughtful way.Then he became a college professor and a scientist，
and he continued to work very carefully.
　　Pasteur was studying about the germs （細菌） that cause rabies
when Joseph Meister became ill.In fact， Pasteur believed he had a
medical treatment for rabies， but he had never given it to a person
before.At first， Pasteur was afraid to treat Joseph， but the poor child
was dying.Pasteur gave Joseph an inoculation （預防接種） every day
for ten days.Slowly， the child became better.
　　During his lifetime， Pasteur studied germs and learnt how they cause
diseases in animals and people.He developed vaccinations （疫苗接種）
that prevented many of these diseases.On 28 September 1895， Louis
Pasteur passed away， at the age of 72.The work of this great man has
been of great help to modern medicine.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了路易斯·巴斯德的
生平和他對現代醫學作出的巨大貢獻。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了路易斯·巴斯德的
生平和他對現代醫學作出的巨大貢獻。
1. What’s the purpose of the given story of Joseph Meister？（　　）
A. To express the author’s sadness.
B. To introduce the subject of the text.
C. To show some common diseases in 1885.
D. To warn children to stay away from dogs.
解析：　目的意圖題。根據第一段可知，約瑟夫被患狂犬病的狗
咬傷后病情嚴重，他的父母得知只有路易斯·巴斯德能治療這種
病。下文則展開對路易斯·巴斯德的介紹。由此推斷，第一段講述
約瑟夫的故事是為了引出文章主題，即向人們介紹路易斯·巴斯德
以及他為現代醫學作出的巨大貢獻。
2. What do we know about young Louis according to the text？（　　）
A. He was once badly hurt by a dog.
B. He was very interested in medicine.
C. He made a living by working for a chemist.
D. He had been thought highly of by his teachers.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句Young Louis enjoyed
watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came
to him each day.可知，路易斯·巴斯德小時候喜歡看藥劑師工作，
即他對醫學很感興趣。
3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. Louis Pasteur was always patient.
B. Louis Pasteur was clever but proud.
C. Louis Pasteur was a slow learner.
D. Louis Pasteur was a humorous professor.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段第一句As a schoolboy，
Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.和最后一句中he continued to
work very carefully可知，路易斯·巴斯德做事緩慢且仔細，非常有
耐心。
4. Which would be the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Germs and Diseases
B. Rabies： A Terrible Disease
C. The Earliest Chemist in France
D. Louis Pasteur： A Great Scientist
解析：　標題歸納題。通讀全文尤其根據文章末句The work
of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.可
知，本文主要介紹了法國著名的微生物學家、科學家路易
斯·巴斯德的生平以及他對現代醫學作出的巨大貢獻。因此，
D項最適合作本文標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　While reviewing the literature in your research area， you may find
that there aren’t too many journal articles.5.（　　） Actually the
global search output increases every year by about 2.5 million new
journal articles.What should you do if you fail to find relevant studies in
your research area？ These tips may help you get a head-start on your
literature review.
Explore them in depth.
Having a limited number of references might work to your benefit.6.
（　　） In addition， with few sources in your specific research area，
it’s possible that you could find limitations in the existing literature and
use them to build or strengthen your own research question.
　　7. （　　）
　　You may have drawn very strict mental limits around your research
question.If so， you cannot see other relevant research areas.Assuming
that your research question is about studying whether plastic can be made
compostable （可降解的）， you could begin with looking into more
environment-friendly plastic.This will not only help with more relevant
reading， but also place your specific research question in a broader way.
Make sure you use the right keywords.
One of the problems in your search for relevant sources could be
unclear or unrelated keywords.Your keywords should be well defined and
specifically targeted to the research papers you are looking for.This will
indicate the relevance of those terms in your field.8.（　　）
　　Ask for help.
　　9. （　　） Start by approaching the librarian at your university and
ask him/her if your library has ordered the journal you need.You could
also ask a professor， or a senior colleague.Having gone through a similar
difficulty as the one you are currently facing， they’ll surely have a few
tricks up their sleeve.
A. Broaden your search area.
B. But this might not be the case.
C. Narrow down your research question.
D. Most keywords are beneficial to your review.
E. If all else fails， then don’t hesitate to turn to others.
F. It will also shine some light on whether you should be more precise.
G. You can get a short but comprehensive list of articles to explore in great
detail.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何搜索出與你研
究領域有關的參考文獻。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何搜索出與你研
究領域有關的參考文獻。
5. B　上文說明沒有發現太多文獻。B項（但事實可能并非如此）承
接上文，表示對上文的否定，引出下文，說明實際上文獻是很多的。
6. G　根據小標題Explore them in depth.和空前一句建議限制參考文
限的數量可知，G項（你可以獲得一個簡短但全面的文章列表來詳細
地探索）承接上文，對探索文獻給出更詳細的建議。
7. A　下文建議擴大搜索范圍，能找到相關文獻。A項（擴大搜索范
圍）概括了本段主題：以更廣泛的方式搜索研究文獻。
8. F　上文說明準確的關鍵詞可以幫助尋找相關文獻。F項（它還將
為你是否應該更精確提供一些啟示）承接上文，繼續說明關鍵詞所起
的作用。
9. E　本段小標題Ask for help.說明要尋求幫助。所填句承接小標
題。E項（如果所有其他方法都失敗了，那么不要猶豫，向別人求
助）建議向別人求助，引出下文具體介紹怎樣向別人求助。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Historic tornadoes （龍卷風） swept across six states in December
2021， leaving mass destruction in their paths.The morning after the
deadly 　10　 passed through， Katie Posten of New Albany， Indiana，
was 　11　 to step outside and see no damage in her area.
　　As she headed to her car， she spotted a piece of 　12　 stuck to the
window.Once she saw what it was， she knew it had to be a memento
（紀念品） that someone would 　13　.
　　The photograph in her hand showed a woman holding a child in her
lap.On the back， the 　14　 caption （文字說明） read， “Gertie
Swatzell & J. D. Swatzell 1942.”
　　“Seeing the 　15　， I realized that it was likely from a 　16　 hit
by a tornado，” Katie said.
　　Hoping to get the photo back to its owner， Katie 　17　
Facebook.Her post was shared widely across Facebook， and it didn’t
take long for someone to 　18　 the last name written on the back of the
picture.Cole Swatzell was tagged （被標記）， and he soon 　19　 to
say the photo belongs to his family in Dawson Springs， Kentucky.That
means the photo traveled more than 150 miles to land on Katie’s car！
　
　　Katie said she’s thankful the social media platform was able
to 　20　 her with the Swatzell family， and she 　21　 getting the
picture back to them.
Best of all， she’s not the only one helping 　22　！ A Facebook
page was set up 　23　 to reunite （重聚） people with belongings lost
during the storms， which has helped hundreds of people 　24　 their
beloved items.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。風暴過后，一位女士通過社交網
絡歸還她撿到的照片。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。風暴過后，一位女士通過社交網
絡歸還她撿到的照片。
10. A. waves B. storms
C. diseases D. earthquakes
解析：　上句中的tornadoes提示本空選storms，屬于同義詞
復現。
11. A. confused B. excited
C. shocked D. relieved
解析：　根據空后的step outside and see no damage in her area可
知，當Katie走出屋外，發現自己所在的區域沒有受損時，她松了
一口氣。
12. A. paper B. wood C. cloth D. tape
解析：　根據下段中的The photograph in her hand可知，貼在車
玻璃上的是一張紙。
13. A. buy B. find C. miss D. prepare
解析：　根據空前的a memento和下文中對照片的介紹可知，
Katie知道這一定是一張會令人想念的照片。
14. A. handwritten B. detailed
C. funny D. new
解析：　根據本句中的Gertie Swatzell & J. D. Swatzell 1942.和
第五段中的the last name written on the back of the picture可知，這
一文字說明是手寫在那張照片后面的。read寫著。
15. A. praise B. answer
C. advice D. date
解析：　上段中的1942提示本空選date。
16. A. home B. park C. garden D. zoo
解析：　看到日期后，Katie意識到它是一張有紀念意義的照
片；結合照片內容及其文字說明可知，它很可能來自一個被龍卷
風襲擊過的家庭。
17. A. joined B. downloaded
C. turned to D. benefited from
解析：　根據下句中的Her post was shared widely across
Facebook可知，為了把照片還給失主，Katie求助于Facebook，即
在Facebook上發帖求助。
18. A. click B. recognize
C. show D. remember
解析：　根據下句中的Cole Swatzell was tagged可知，沒過多
久，就有人認出了寫在照片背面的姓，于是Cole Swatzell被標記
了，即被聯絡上了。注：在Facebook中被標記后，這條標記自己
的帖子就會出現在自己的個人主頁。
19. A. regretted B. refused
C. continued D. commented
解析：　根據空后的to say the photo belongs to his family可知，
Cole Swatzell 隨后（在帖子中）評論說那張照片屬于他的家人。
20. A. equip B. exchange
C. connect D. comfort
解析：　根據空前的she’s thankful the social media platform并結
合上文中Katie通過Facebook與Cole Swatzell取得聯系可知，Katie
表示，她很感激社交媒體平臺能夠讓她與Swatzell一家取得聯系。
21. A. faces up to B. comes up with
C. looks forward to D. steps away from
解析：　根據上段首句中的Hoping to get the photo back to its
owner可知，Katie期待著把照片還給他們。
22. A. relatives B. enemies
C. neighbours D. strangers
解析：　根據上文內容可知，Katie通過社交媒體平臺聯系到
Swatzell一家，因此他們一開始并不認識，是陌生人。
23. A. specifically B. secretly
C. seasonally D. suddenly
解析：　根據下文中的during the storms， which has helped
hundreds of people 　24　 their beloved items可知，該Facebook頁
面是在這幾場風暴過后專門設立的，以便幫人們找回在風暴中丟
失的物品。specifically特意，專門地。
24. A. repair B. recover
C. record D. research
解析：　上半句中的reunite （重聚） people with belongings lost
during the storms提示本空選recover。recover找回，尋回。
Ⅳ.讀后續寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構
成一篇完整的短文。
　　Little Todd liked to dress up as a superhero.In school， Todd didn’t
feel heroic.Even though his mother had been a teacher who loved books，
reading was difficult for him.He was scolded for asking too many
questions， and was told that he wasn’t a good student.
　　Todd’s mom disagreed.She told him he was gifted and had
something big to offer the world.“You could do anything，” she
said.He hoped she was right.Todd studied hard， graduated from
school， and got a job.At work， Todd discovered that he liked helping
others.But then his mother died， and he became the one who needed help
to get through sad times.He missed her terribly.
　　Memories of his mom teaching neighbourhood kids how to read gave
Todd an idea.He cut up an old door and hammered （捶打） the pieces
together to make a tiny one-room library.He positioned books inside， put
a sign on the front， and placed the little library in his yard.Now he could
share his mother’s love of reading with anyone who passed by.There was
just one problem ...Very few people passed by.
　　One day， during a yard sale， Todd’s neighbours noticed his
creation.Todd told them about his mom.People loved his story.It
reminded them of ordinary heroes they knew.
　　Soon， neighbours who had never met before were gathered
around， chatting like old friends.They took books.They gave books.The
little library became the center of their neighbourhood.
　　Todd felt his box of books had potential.He called up his friend
Rick， who was always full of great ideas.Rick thought that they could
build thousands of little boxes！ Like Andrew Carnegie， who once built
2，510 libraries！ They could take trips！ Like Lutie Stearns， who
brought traveling libraries all over Wisconsin！
　　“Wait a minute！” Todd said.Andrew Carnegie was a wealthy
businessman.Lutie Stearns was a trained librarian.The two of them were
just ordinary guys.And they were particularly low on cash.
　　How many libraries could two ordinary guys create？ How far could
ordinary people spread an idea？
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
　　Todd and Rick agreed on one thing — they wanted to find out.
　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Todd and Rick decided that if people wouldn’t come and get the
little libraries， they’d bring the libraries to the people. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
參考范文：
　　Todd and Rick agreed on one thing — they wanted to find out.For
months they recycled， designed， hammered and painted.They learned
important skills， such as how to recycle a farm building， how to pick
out a piece of wood， and how to make family members believe that
cutting wood and painting were fun.The team lined up their finished
masterpieces and waited for the crowds.But ...crowds didn’t
come.Only one person bought a little library.The freshly built libraries
sat.And sat.And sat.The team’s spirits dropped lower as they waited.
Todd and Rick decided that if people wouldn’t come and get the
little libraries， they’d bring the libraries to the people.Out they went
with thirty little libraries， placing them in three surrounding cities.Just
like at the yard sale， people gathered around.They borrowed and shared
books.People recommended the little libraries to those around them.It was
working！ A radio interview spread the word about the little free
libraries.Then a national TV show introduced their idea.Over the next
year， four hundred little libraries sprang up across the country.Todd and
Rick’s dream of spreading the joy of reading became a reality.
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