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Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅲ Integrated skills課件(共48張)+學(xué)案(含答案)+練習(xí)(含答案)

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Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅲ Integrated skills課件(共48張)+學(xué)案(含答案)+練習(xí)(含答案)

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Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
  Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland.He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, and then left.His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below.When he came back to check the results,he found it worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants (火電廠) were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired.Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
  “Thank you, but no thank you,” says Ralph King, a climate scientist.He told Grey Childs, an author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption.They burned $ 50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a free ride.
  Individuals respond to climate change differently.Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that some day soon we won’t be climate victims (受害者) — we will be climate choosers.More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives, the engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate.But that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back,” Grey writes.“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
  Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.
1.Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?(  )
A.To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B.To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C.To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D.To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
2.Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?(  )
A.The experiment against climate change will not succeed.
B.Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C.It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D.Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
3.Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 3?(  )
A.Relief. B.Click.
C.Shake. D.Description.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?(  )
A.But Should We Fix the Climate? B.Is Climate Change a Real Problem?
C.How Can We Take Care of the Earth? D.What If All the Glaciers Disappeared?
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
  Microbes exist everywhere — in soil, air, water and also in the human body and the bodies of plants and other animals! They also exist in places where no other life forms exist.So far, we have learnt that these microorganisms cause diseases in humans, plants and animals.5.(  ) Let’s learn about them in more detail.
  In household products
  You may have seen people add a small amount of curd (凝乳) to fresh milk.In time, this milk at a suitable temperature then turns into curd! How does this happen? This is due to the action of lactic acid bacteria.6.(  ) For example, Swiss cheese develops large holes due to the large amount of CO2 produced by Propionibacterium shermanii.
  In industrial products
  7.(  ) Since products are made on a large scale in industries, microorganisms are also grown in large amounts in large tanks.These products include drinks, chemicals, medicines, and bioactive molecules that can be used to weaken the immune system during organ transplant procedures.
  In biogas production
  Microbial activity produces a mixture of gases, mostly methane (甲烷), a primary part of natural gas.8.(  ) Anaerobic (厭氧的) bacteria generate large amounts of methane along with CO2 and H2.Cattle dung (糞) is rich in these bacteria, so it is commonly used to generate biogas.
  As biocontrol agents (媒介)
  Using pesticides not only kills harmful pests but also gets rid of beneficial life forms.Therefore, farmers are now using biological methods to control pests and plant diseases.This use of biological methods is called “biocontrol”.Baculoviruses are excellent biocontrol agents.9.(  )
A.This is called biogas and is used as fuel.
B.Another product made using microorganisms is cheese.
C.They keep a check on disease-causing microbes in our gut.
D.However, they can also be useful to mankind in several ways.
E.Industries also use microbes to make products of value to humans.
F.The reason is they attack pests without negatively impacting plants and beneficial insects.
G.Through genetic engineering, scientists have made these plants resistant to attack by pests.
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作
  假定你是李華,英語課上,老師要求就應(yīng)用人工智能(artificial intelligence)的利弊進(jìn)行討論,請你代表小組寫一篇發(fā)言稿,說明討論的結(jié)果。
注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2.請按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家Jason Box企圖控制氣候變化的極端例子及科學(xué)家對其不同的觀點,并闡述了作者自己的想法,即反對人類控制氣候,要讓地球自我修復(fù)。
1.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段前三句和第二段的This experiment, quote-unquote ...Technology won’t give us a free ride.可知,為保護(hù)冰川,Jason Box嘗試用白色塑料覆蓋它們,但是直升機(jī)運送這些塑料卻消耗了5萬美元。這個例子引出下文對人類干預(yù)氣候的可行性的探討。作者提到Jason Box的實驗,是為了描述一種具有誤導(dǎo)性的試圖解決氣候問題的嘗試。
2.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后四句可知,Ralph King認(rèn)為在環(huán)保問題上,技術(shù)并不是最終的解決方案,更不用說其高昂的成本。
3.C 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段末句中Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will可知,Grey認(rèn)為人為控制氣候變化是有問題的。由此推測,上句應(yīng)表示“僅僅提及控制氣候的想法,就會使我感覺不寒而栗”,shiver意為“發(fā)抖,戰(zhàn)栗”。
4.A 標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段并結(jié)合上文人們企圖控制氣候變化的極端例子及科學(xué)家們的觀點可知,作者更喜歡地球自己照料自己,即反對人類利用科技手段控制氣候。故A項適合作本文的標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了微生物為人類做出貢獻(xiàn)的幾個領(lǐng)域。
5.D 設(shè)空處前一句說明了微生物會給人類、植物和動物帶來疾病。設(shè)空處后一句承接上文,引出下文,下面幾段主要說明了微生物給人類帶來的益處。由此判斷,設(shè)空處需要有一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的銜接,D項恰當(dāng)?shù)仄鸬搅诉@一作用。
6.B 上文介紹了鮮牛奶是如何變成凝乳的,下文則以瑞士奶酪為例進(jìn)行說明。由此推知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)起到引出下文的作用。B項中的cheese與下文中的cheese構(gòu)成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
7.E 設(shè)空處位于段首,應(yīng)為概括性較強(qiáng)的主旨句。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題和本段內(nèi)容可知,本段內(nèi)容與工業(yè)產(chǎn)品有關(guān)。E項中的Industries和products分別與小標(biāo)題中的industrial和products以及下文中的industries和products構(gòu)成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
8.A 設(shè)空處前一句指出微生物活動會產(chǎn)生氣體混合物,主要成分是甲烷。A項緊承上文,作出進(jìn)一步說明,其中的This指代上文中的a mixture of gases;biogas與小標(biāo)題中的biogas構(gòu)成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn);fuel與設(shè)空處前一句中的natural gas相呼應(yīng)。
9.F 上文首先解釋了生物防治的概念,之后指出桿狀病毒(baculoviruses)是優(yōu)秀的生物防治媒介。F項與設(shè)空處前一句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,其中的they指代上文中的Baculoviruses;F項中的attack pests與上文中的kills harmful pests、control pests相呼應(yīng)。
Ⅲ.
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
  Hi, everybody! Our group discussed the use of AI and finally agreed that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
  On the one hand, it goes without saying that AI has brought much convenience and has been doing us a great favour in jobs requiring accuracy and calculation.Plus, AI has such fantastic speed in collecting data.On the other hand, AI is becoming too smart nowadays, concerns arising.Some of us think that AI will be a threat to humans one day.However, AI can be our best assistant as long as we develop it in the right way.
  That’s our opinion.Thank you.
2 / 2Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
設(shè)計一份校園科學(xué)節(jié)的活動方案
  本單元的寫作任務(wù)是設(shè)計一份校園科學(xué)節(jié)的活動方案。活動方案應(yīng)用場合非常廣泛,其性質(zhì)類似于制訂計劃書。活動方案一般由標(biāo)題和正文組成。
1.標(biāo)題
活動方案的標(biāo)題要簡潔明了,新穎醒目,能夠引起讀者的興趣,吸引其注意力,而且這個標(biāo)題要反映設(shè)計方案的主題。
2.正文
活動方案的正文通常包括主題和活動事項兩部分內(nèi)容,也可以根據(jù)活動方案內(nèi)容靈活安排。一般來說,可以在活動方案的最前面寫一些鼓勵性較強(qiáng)的詞句來吸引讀者,這些詞句通常會使用排比、反問、設(shè)問等修辭手法,接著按照時間順序列出活動的主要內(nèi)容,其中也可以增設(shè)小標(biāo)題。
  要寫好活動方案,還需要注意以下三點:
1.明確活動方案的類型
明確你要寫的活動方案是有關(guān)活動宣傳,還是有關(guān)項目介紹的等,類型確定后再確定寫作內(nèi)容。
2.掌握活動方案的語言特點
活動方案不同于其他類型的書面表達(dá)形式,它要求用最簡短的文字包含最多的信息,以達(dá)到醒目的效果。因此活動方案多用正式的、禮貌的及類似的語言結(jié)構(gòu)。學(xué)生應(yīng)注意活動方案言簡意賅的語言特點。
3.突出重要信息,說明活動的具體內(nèi)容
為進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)活動方案的醒目性,還常需分行突出一些重要信息,并且在其前用粗點、星號等特殊符號標(biāo)注出來,以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。活動內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括時間、地點、參加人員、注意事項等內(nèi)容。
一、寫作常用詞匯
1.exhibition n.      展覽
2.invention n. 發(fā)明
3.robot n. 機(jī)器人
4.virtual adj. 虛擬的
5.experience vt. 體驗
6.the Science Festival 科學(xué)節(jié)
7.the Science and Technology Exhibition
科技展
8.perform their functions 示范它們的功能
9.the science building 科研大樓
10.artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能
11.think creatively 創(chuàng)造性地思考
12.participate in 參加
13.carry out scientific experiments
開展科學(xué)實驗
二、寫作常用句式(注意加黑部分的表達(dá))
1.介紹活動舉辦的時間和地點
The Science and Technology Exhibition will be held in the science building by our school next week.
科技展將于下周由我校在科研大樓舉行。
Next Saturday from 2:00 p.m.to 4:00 p.m., we will carry out group activities in the city Science and Technology Museum.
下周六下午2:00到4:00,我們將在市科技館開展小組活動。
2.介紹活動內(nèi)容
The exhibition, including several themes like AI and VR, features a new collection of science books and videos.
這次展覽包括人工智能和虛擬現(xiàn)實等幾個主題,以一些新收集的科學(xué)書籍和視頻為特色。
Visitors can not only enjoy a variety of inventions, such as robot models, 3D printers, etc., but they can also experience the 9D Virtual Reality chair.
參觀者不僅可以欣賞各種發(fā)明,如機(jī)器人模型、3D打印機(jī)等,還可以體驗9D虛擬現(xiàn)實椅。
We will have many activities, such as enjoying all kinds of gadgets and sharing their invention experience.
我們將會有很多活動,比如欣賞各種小裝置,并分享他們的發(fā)明經(jīng)驗。
3.表達(dá)活動將給人留下深刻印象
I firmly believe that the activity is very significant/important.
我堅信這項活動非常重要。
The event was of great significance, which impressed everyone most.
這次活動非常有意義,它給大家留下了深刻印象。
Through this activity, I began to be interested in scientific and technological exploration.
通過這次活動,我開始對科技探索產(chǎn)生了興趣。
  假定你是李華,你們學(xué)校下周六要舉行科技節(jié)。請你寫一個設(shè)計方案,內(nèi)容包括:
  1.科技節(jié)的主題:怎樣保護(hù)環(huán)境;
  2.在學(xué)校大廳舉行,屆時有著名科學(xué)家出席;
  3.會展示很多有趣的實驗,參加者會從中獲益良多。
注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
Plan for the School Science Festival
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                      
第一步:審題謀篇,合理布局
第二步:遣詞造句,規(guī)范得體
◎核心詞匯
1.發(fā)生,舉行             
2.保護(hù)環(huán)境        
3.另外        
4.打算做……        
5.做實驗        
6.對……感興趣        
7.在……末尾        
8.從……學(xué)到……        
◎遣詞造句
1.科技節(jié)的主題是“怎樣保護(hù)環(huán)境”,下周六在我們學(xué)校大廳舉行。
                                            
2.將會有一些著名科學(xué)家出席科技節(jié),他們會介紹關(guān)于保護(hù)環(huán)境的知識。
                                            
3.每個班都有機(jī)會做實驗,學(xué)生們會從中學(xué)到很多。
                                            
                      
4.在科技節(jié)結(jié)束時公布一等獎名單。
                                            
5.科技節(jié)將激勵更多的學(xué)生對科學(xué)感興趣并努力學(xué)習(xí)。
                                            
                      
第三步:詞句升級,彰顯文采
1.用非限制性定語從句改寫句1
                                            
                      
2.用非限制性定語從句改寫句2
                                            
                      
3.用非限制性定語從句改寫句3
                                            
                      
第四步:檢查謄寫,連句成篇
Plan for the School Science Festival
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
【即時演練】
  假定你是李華,你校上周五舉辦了主題為“人人都是科學(xué)家”的展覽,該展覽展示了學(xué)生們的科學(xué)發(fā)明。請你為校報“英語天地”欄目寫一份新聞稿,內(nèi)容包括:
  1.活動目的;
  2.活動內(nèi)容;
  3.活動意義。
注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2.請按如下格式作答。
Exhibition Themed “Everyone Is
a Scientist” Successfully Held
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
【典例體驗·提素能】
第二步
核心詞匯
1.take place 2.protect the environment 3.in addition
4.be intended to do ... 5.conduct an experiment 6.be/get interested in 7.at the end of 8.learn ...from ...
遣詞造句
1.The Science Festival will take place in our school hall next Saturday and its theme is “How to Protect the Environment”.
2.There will be some famous scientists attending the festival and they will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3.Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment and the students will learn a lot from it.
4.At the end of the festival,the first prize will be announced.
5.The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it.
第三步
1.The Science Festival,whose theme is “How to Protect the Environment”, will take place in our school hall next Saturday.
2.There will be some famous scientists attending the festival, who will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3.Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment, from which the students will learn a lot.
第四步
Plan for the School Science Festival
  The Science Festival, whose theme is “How to Protect the Environment”, will take place in our school hall next Saturday.
  There will be some famous scientists attending the festival, who will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.In addition,they will show some interesting experiments.Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment, from which the students will learn a lot.At the end of the festival, the first prize will be announced.
  The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it.
即時演練
Exhibition Themed “Everyone Is
a Scientist” Successfully Held
  In order to develop students’ interest in science and technology, an exhibition themed “Everyone Is a Scientist” was successfully held at the school hall last Friday.
  At 9 a.m., the exhibition started with a speech delivered by our headmaster.About a hundred inventions created by students were on display, some of which could be operated according to the instructions attached to them.
  All the students thought it very meaningful to hold the exhibition as it has greatly inspired students’ creativity.
4 / 4(共48張PPT)
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
設(shè)計一份校園科學(xué)節(jié)的活動方案
1
寫作指導(dǎo)·增底蘊
目 錄
2
典例體驗 · 提素能
3
課時檢測·提能力
寫作指導(dǎo)·增底蘊
儲備寫作素材
1
  本單元的寫作任務(wù)是設(shè)計一份校園科學(xué)節(jié)的活動方案。活動方案
應(yīng)用場合非常廣泛,其性質(zhì)類似于制訂計劃書。活動方案一般由標(biāo)題
和正文組成。
1. 標(biāo)題
活動方案的標(biāo)題要簡潔明了,新穎醒目,能夠引起讀者的興趣,吸
引其注意力,而且這個標(biāo)題要反映設(shè)計方案的主題。
2. 正文
活動方案的正文通常包括主題和活動事項兩部分內(nèi)容,也可以根據(jù)
活動方案內(nèi)容靈活安排。一般來說,可以在活動方案的最前面寫一
些鼓勵性較強(qiáng)的詞句來吸引讀者,這些詞句通常會使用排比、反
問、設(shè)問等修辭手法,接著按照時間順序列出活動的主要內(nèi)容,其
中也可以增設(shè)小標(biāo)題。
要寫好活動方案,還需要注意以下三點:
1. 明確活動方案的類型
明確你要寫的活動方案是有關(guān)活動宣傳,還是有關(guān)項目介紹的等,
類型確定后再確定寫作內(nèi)容。
2. 掌握活動方案的語言特點
活動方案不同于其他類型的書面表達(dá)形式,它要求用最簡短的
文字包含最多的信息,以達(dá)到醒目的效果。因此活動方案多用
正式的、禮貌的及類似的語言結(jié)構(gòu)。學(xué)生應(yīng)注意活動方案言簡
意賅的語言特點。
3. 突出重要信息,說明活動的具體內(nèi)容
為進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)活動方案的醒目性,還常需分行突出一些重要信息,
并且在其前用粗點、星號等特殊符號標(biāo)注出來,以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。活動
內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括時間、地點、參加人員、注意事項等內(nèi)容。
一、寫作常用詞匯
1. exhibition n. 展覽
2. invention n. 發(fā)明
3. robot n. 機(jī)器人
4. virtual adj. 虛擬的
5. experience vt. 體驗
6. the Science Festival 科學(xué)節(jié)
7. the Science and Technology Exhibition 科技展
8. perform their functions 示范它們的功能
9. the science building 科研大樓
10. artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能
11. think creatively 創(chuàng)造性地思考
12. participate in 參加
13. carry out scientific experiments 開展科學(xué)實驗
二、寫作常用句式(注意加藍(lán)部分的表達(dá))
1. 介紹活動舉辦的時間和地點
The Science and Technology Exhibition will be held in the science
building by our school next week.
科技展將于下周由我校在科研大樓舉行。
Next Saturday from 2:00 p.m.to 4:00 p.m., we will carry out
group activities in the city Science and Technology Museum.
下周六下午2:00到4:00,我們將在市科技館開展小組活動。
2. 介紹活動內(nèi)容
The exhibition, including several themes like AI and VR, features
a new collection of science books and videos.
這次展覽包括人工智能和虛擬現(xiàn)實等幾個主題,以一些新收集的科
學(xué)書籍和視頻為特色。
Visitors can not only enjoy a variety of inventions, such as robot
models, 3D printers, etc., but they can also experience the 9D
Virtual Reality chair.
參觀者不僅可以欣賞各種發(fā)明,如機(jī)器人模型、3D打印機(jī)等,還
可以體驗9D虛擬現(xiàn)實椅。
We will have many activities, such as enjoying all kinds of gadgets
and sharing their invention experience.
我們將會有很多活動,比如欣賞各種小裝置,并分享他們的發(fā)
明經(jīng)驗。
3. 表達(dá)活動將給人留下深刻印象
I firmly believe that the activity is very significant/important.
我堅信這項活動非常重要。
The event was of great significance, which impressed everyone
most.
這次活動非常有意義,它給大家留下了深刻印象。
Through this activity, I began to be interested in scientific and
technological exploration.
通過這次活動,我開始對科技探索產(chǎn)生了興趣。
典例體驗 · 提素能
點撥寫作技法
2
  假定你是李華,你們學(xué)校下周六要舉行科技節(jié)。請你寫一個設(shè)計
方案,內(nèi)容包括:
  1. 科技節(jié)的主題:怎樣保護(hù)環(huán)境;
  2. 在學(xué)校大廳舉行,屆時有著名科學(xué)家出席;
  3. 會展示很多有趣的實驗,參加者會從中獲益良多。
注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
Plan for the School Science Festival
                         
                          
                        
                         
                        
                         
第一步:審題謀篇,合理布局
第二步:遣詞造句,規(guī)范得體
◎核心詞匯
1. 發(fā)生,舉行
2. 保護(hù)環(huán)境
3. 另外
4. 打算做……
5. 做實驗
6. 對……感興趣
7. 在……末尾
8. 從……學(xué)到……
take place 
protect the environment 
in addition 
be intended to do ... 
conduct an experiment 
be/get interested in 
at the end of 
learn ...from ... 
◎遣詞造句
1. 科技節(jié)的主題是“怎樣保護(hù)環(huán)境”,下周六在我們學(xué)校大廳舉行。


2. 將會有一些著名科學(xué)家出席科技節(jié),他們會介紹關(guān)于保護(hù)環(huán)境
的知識。


The Science Festival will take place in our school hall next Saturday
and its theme is “How to Protect the Environment”.
There will be some famous scientists attending the festival and they will
introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3. 每個班都有機(jī)會做實驗,學(xué)生們會從中學(xué)到很多。


4. 在科技節(jié)結(jié)束時公布一等獎名單。

5. 科技節(jié)將激勵更多的學(xué)生對科學(xué)感興趣并努力學(xué)習(xí)。


Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment and the students
will learn a lot from it.
At the end of the festival,the first prize will be announced.
The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in
science and work hard at it.
第三步:詞句升級,彰顯文采
1. 用非限制性定語從句改寫句1


2. 用非限制性定語從句改寫句2


The Science Festival,whose theme is “How to Protect the
Environment”, will take place in our school hall next Saturday.
There will be some famous scientists attending the festival, who will
introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3. 用非限制性定語從句改寫句3


Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment, from which the
students will learn a lot.
第四步:檢查謄寫,連句成篇
Plan for the School Science Festival
  

  




  

    The Science Festival, whose theme is “How to Protect the
Environment”, will take place in our school hall next Saturday. 
    There will be some famous scientists attending the festival, who
will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.In
addition,they will show some interesting experiments.Each class has the
chance to conduct an experiment, from which the students will learn a
lot.At the end of the festival, the first prize will be announced. 
    The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in
science and work hard at it. 
【即時演練】
  假定你是李華,你校上周五舉辦了主題為“人人都是科學(xué)家”的
展覽,該展覽展示了學(xué)生們的科學(xué)發(fā)明。請你為校報“英語天地”欄
目寫一份新聞稿,內(nèi)容包括:
  1. 活動目的;
  2. 活動內(nèi)容;
  3. 活動意義。
注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Exhibition Themed “Everyone Is a Scientist” Successfully Held
                         
                          
                        
                         
                        
                         
參考范文:
  Exhibition Themed “Everyone Is
a Scientist” Successfully Held
  In order to develop students’ interest in science and technology, an
exhibition themed “Everyone Is a Scientist” was successfully held at the
school hall last Friday.
  At 9 a.m., the exhibition started with a speech delivered by our
headmaster.About a hundred inventions created by students were on
display, some of which could be operated according to the instructions
attached to them.
  All the students thought it very meaningful to hold the exhibition as it
has greatly inspired students’ creativity.
課時檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
3
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
  Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31
giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland.He and his
team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, and then left.His idea was
that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the
ice cool below.When he came back to check the results,he found it
worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had not only
saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants (火電廠) were
shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired.Just the
sort of fix we’re looking for.
  “Thank you, but no thank you,” says Ralph King, a climate
scientist.He told Grey Childs, an author and commentator, that people
think technology can save the planet, but there are other things we need
to deal with, like consumption.They burned $ 50,000 just for the
helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.This experiment, quote-
unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed
without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a
free ride.
  Individuals respond to climate change differently.Climatologist Kelly
Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that some day soon we won’t be
climate victims (受害者) — we will be climate choosers.More
scientists agree with her that if the human race survives, the engineers
will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control
the climate.But that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the
climate sent a small shiver down my back,” Grey writes.“Something
sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
  Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one
day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my
desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling,
I’m happy not to be in charge.
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家Jason Box企
圖控制氣候變化的極端例子及科學(xué)家對其不同的觀點,并闡述了作
者自己的想法,即反對人類控制氣候,要讓地球自我修復(fù)。
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家Jason Box企
圖控制氣候變化的極端例子及科學(xué)家對其不同的觀點,并闡述了作
者自己的想法,即反對人類控制氣候,要讓地球自我修復(fù)。
1. Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first
paragraph?(  )
A. To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B. To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C. To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D. To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
解析: 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段前三句和第二段的This
experiment, quote-unquote ...Technology won’t give us a free
ride.可知,為保護(hù)冰川,Jason Box嘗試用白色塑料覆蓋它們,但
是直升機(jī)運送這些塑料卻消耗了5萬美元。這個例子引出下文對人
類干預(yù)氣候的可行性的探討。作者提到Jason Box的實驗,是為了
描述一種具有誤導(dǎo)性的試圖解決氣候問題的嘗試。
2. Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?
(  )
A. The experiment against climate change will not succeed.
B. Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C. It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D. Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
解析: 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后四句可知,Ralph King認(rèn)
為在環(huán)保問題上,技術(shù)并不是最終的解決方案,更不用說其高昂的
成本。
3. Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined
word in Paragraph 3?(  )
A. Relief. B. Click.
C. Shake. D. Description.
解析: 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段末句中Something sounded
wrong about stopping ice by our own will可知,Grey認(rèn)為人為控制氣
候變化是有問題的。由此推測,上句應(yīng)表示“僅僅提及控制氣候的
想法,就會使我感覺不寒而栗”,shiver意為“發(fā)抖,戰(zhàn)栗”。
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?(  )
A. But Should We Fix the Climate?
B. Is Climate Change a Real Problem?
C. How Can We Take Care of the Earth?
D. What If All the Glaciers Disappeared?
解析: 標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段并結(jié)合上文人們企圖控制氣
候變化的極端例子及科學(xué)家們的觀點可知,作者更喜歡地球自己照
料自己,即反對人類利用科技手段控制氣候。故A項適合作本文的
標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
  Microbes exist everywhere — in soil, air, water and also in the
human body and the bodies of plants and other animals! They also exist
in places where no other life forms exist.So far, we have learnt that these
microorganisms cause diseases in humans, plants and animals.5.
(  ) Let’s learn about them in more detail.
In household products
You may have seen people add a small amount of curd (凝乳) to
fresh milk.In time, this milk at a suitable temperature then turns into
curd! How does this happen? This is due to the action of lactic acid
bacteria.6.(  ) For example, Swiss cheese develops large holes
due to the large amount of CO2 produced by Propionibacterium shermanii.
  7. (  ) Since products are made on a large scale in industries,
microorganisms are also grown in large amounts in large tanks.These
products include drinks, chemicals, medicines, and bioactive
molecules that can be used to weaken the immune system during organ
transplant procedures.
 
  In industrial products
In biogas production
Microbial activity produces a mixture of gases, mostly methane
(甲烷), a primary part of natural gas.8.(  ) Anaerobic (厭氧
的) bacteria generate large amounts of methane along with CO2 and
H2.Cattle dung (糞) is rich in these bacteria, so it is commonly used
to generate biogas.
  Using pesticides not only kills harmful pests but also gets rid of
beneficial life forms.Therefore, farmers are now using biological
methods to control pests and plant diseases.This use of biological methods
is called “biocontrol”.Baculoviruses are excellent biocontrol agents.9.
(  )
A. This is called biogas and is used as fuel.
B. Another product made using microorganisms is cheese.
C. They keep a check on disease-causing microbes in our gut.
D. However, they can also be useful to mankind in several ways.
  As biocontrol agents (媒介)
F. The reason is they attack pests without negatively impacting plants and
beneficial insects.
G. Through genetic engineering, scientists have made these plants
resistant to attack by pests.
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了微生物為人類做出
貢獻(xiàn)的幾個領(lǐng)域。
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了微生物為人類做出
貢獻(xiàn)的幾個領(lǐng)域。
E. Industries also use microbes to make products of value to humans.
5. D 設(shè)空處前一句說明了微生物會給人類、植物和動物帶來疾病。
設(shè)空處后一句承接上文,引出下文,下面幾段主要說明了微生物給人
類帶來的益處。由此判斷,設(shè)空處需要有一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的銜接,
D項恰當(dāng)?shù)仄鸬搅诉@一作用。
6. B 上文介紹了鮮牛奶是如何變成凝乳的,下文則以瑞士奶酪為例
進(jìn)行說明。由此推知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)起到引出下文的作用。B項中的
cheese與下文中的cheese構(gòu)成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
7. E 設(shè)空處位于段首,應(yīng)為概括性較強(qiáng)的主旨句。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題和本
段內(nèi)容可知,本段內(nèi)容與工業(yè)產(chǎn)品有關(guān)。E項中的Industries和products
分別與小標(biāo)題中的industrial和products以及下文中的industries和
products構(gòu)成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
8. A 設(shè)空處前一句指出微生物活動會產(chǎn)生氣體混合物,主要成分是
甲烷。A項緊承上文,作出進(jìn)一步說明,其中的This指代上文中的a
mixture of gases;biogas與小標(biāo)題中的biogas構(gòu)成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn);fuel與設(shè)
空處前一句中的natural gas相呼應(yīng)。
9. F 上文首先解釋了生物防治的概念,之后指出桿狀病毒
(baculoviruses)是優(yōu)秀的生物防治媒介。F項與設(shè)空處前一句構(gòu)成因
果關(guān)系,其中的they指代上文中的Baculoviruses;F項中的attack pests
與上文中的kills harmful pests、control pests相呼應(yīng)。
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作
  假定你是李華,英語課上,老師要求就應(yīng)用人工智能(artificial
intelligence)的利弊進(jìn)行討論,請你代表小組寫一篇發(fā)言稿,說明討
論的結(jié)果。
注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2. 請按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
                        
                         
參考范文:
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
  Hi, everybody! Our group discussed the use of AI and finally agreed that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
  On the one hand, it goes without saying that AI has brought much
convenience and has been doing us a great favour in jobs requiring accuracy and calculation.Plus, AI has such fantastic speed in collecting data.On the other hand, AI is becoming too smart nowadays, concerns arising.Some of us think that AI will be a threat to humans one day.However, AI can be our best assistant as long as we develop it in the right way.
  That’s our opinion.Thank you.
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