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Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
維度一：基礎題型練
單句語法填空。
1.Ordinary soap， 　　　　　　（use） correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively.
2.The meeting 　　　　　　（hold） last night was about safety.
3.When 　　　　　　（take） according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.
4.Don’t leave that man over there 　　　　　　（wait） outside and show him in now.
5.　　　　　　 （base） on what we have discussed， how do you feel about this job？
6.The 　　　　　　（surprise） look showed that she hadn’t known the experiment.
7.John Snow told the story about the 　　　　　（astonish） people in Broad Street.
8.Jim has retired， but he still remembers the happy time 　　　　　　（spend） with his students.
9.　　　　　　 （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow， he had a long and hard road to becoming a composer.
10.We went to the cinema with the friendly household， 　　　　　　（fill） with excitement.
維度二：語法與寫作
完成句子。
1.She was happy to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at her elder sister’s home.
她很高興看到母親在她姐姐家里受到很好的照顧。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she attended the opening ceremony.
穿著一條漂亮的裙子，她參加了開幕式。
3.I usually 　　　　　　　　　　　　　to my office when I am busy.
當我忙的時候，我通常叫快餐送到我的辦公室。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Mary is more determined to achieve her goal.
與其他學生相比，瑪麗更有決心實現自己的目標。
5.The Internet keeps us 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and also provides entertainment in the house.
互聯網使我們在家就能隨時了解最新的新聞，而且也為我們提供娛樂。
6.Addicted to computer games， he left 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
沉迷于電腦游戲，他很多作業沒有做完。
維度三：語法與語篇
用動詞-ed形式完成下面短文。
　　1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （出生在一個山村）， Tom was interested in something involving agriculture.When he was young， he often helped his father with the crops 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在大雨中損壞的）. When he grew up， he was admitted into a famous university， where he majored in agriculture.After graduation， he joined a team 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （由一位老專家設立的） with enough professional knowledge.When 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （面臨自然災害）， some farmers were often helpless.Tom and his team often helped them to 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （提高他們的信心）.They also showed them how to save the damaged crops and how to 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （使產量翻一番）.Most of the local farmers thought highly of the team.7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （被這些農民稱贊）， Tom worked harder than before.In his opinion， it was his duty to help the farmers out when they got into trouble.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　New York City public schools will ban students and teachers from using ChatGPT， a powerful new AI chatbot tool， on the district’s networks and devices， an official confirmed to CNN on Thursday.
　　The move comes while educators raise concerns that students could use the tool， which generates frighteningly effective responses and even essays in response to user prompts （提示）， to do homework for them.Some also worry that ChatGPT could be used to spread inaccurate （不準確的） information.
　　“Due to concerns about negative impacts on student learning， and concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content， access to ChatGPT is restricted on New York City public schools’ networks and devices，” said Jenna Lyle， a spokesperson for New York City’s Department of Education.“While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions， it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills， which are essential for academic and lifelong success.”
　　ChatGPT is able to provide lengthy， thoughtful and detailed responses to questions and prompts， ranging from factual questions like “Who was the president of the United States in 1955？” to more open-ended questions such as “What’s the meaning of life？”
　　ChatGPT became popular just days after its launch.But many educators fear students will use the tool to cheat.One user， for example， fed ChatGPT an AP English exam question； it responded with a 5-paragraph essay about Wuthering Heights.Another user asked the chatbot to write an essay about the life of William Shakespeare four times； he received a unique version with the same prompt each time.
　　Darren Hicks， assistant professor of philosophy at Furman University， said it will be harder to prove when a student misuses ChatGPT than with other forms of cheating.“In more traditional forms of plagiarism — stealing or copying another’s work — I can go and find proof，” he said.“In this case， there’s nothing out there that I can point to and say， ‘Here’s the material they took.’”
1.What do educators fear about ChatGPT？（　　）
A.It will lead to students cheating.
B.It will reveal students’ information.
C.It will offer unhealthy content to students.
D.It will result in longer screen time for students.
2.What does the underlined word “restricted” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？（　　）
A.Limited. B.Required.
C.Permitted. D.Recommended.
3.What do we know about ChatGPT？（　　）
A.It cannot answer open-ended questions.
B.It helps teachers set and correct homework.
C.It makes no mistakes when answering questions.
D.It can offer different essays with the same prompt.
4.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.ChatGPT Has Negative Effects on Student Learning
B.ChatGPT Makes Plagiarism More Difficult to Find
C.ChatGPT Surprises People with Its High Intelligence
D.ChatGPT Is Prohibited in New York City Public Schools
B
　　（2024·江蘇徐州高一期末）Yellow flower carpeted fields are a sure sign of summer.In Denmark alone， more than 200，000 hectares of rapeseed （油菜籽） are planted every year.But until now， the plant has only been used for oil and animal feed， as it is both bitter and unsafe as a direct food source for humans.
　　To protect themselves， the rapeseed plants produce a group of substances （物質） called glucosinolates （硫苷）， which give the plants a strong and bitter taste that scares off insects and disease.As a result， rapeseed is unhealthy to eat and the rapeseed cake， which is the remains of the seeds after the oil has been squeezed out， has only been used in limited quantities as feed for pigs and chickens， despite its 30－40 per cent protein content.
　　Now， researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered the three proteins that help to store the bitter substances in seeds of thale cress （阿拉伯芥）， a plant closely related to the rapeseed.The new discovery makes it possible to prevent the accumulation （積聚） of these substances in the seed by removing the proteins through “transport engineering” technology.In doing so， the defensive substances remain in all other parts of the plant， allowing it to continue to defend itself.
　　So far， the researchers have shown that their method works in thale cress.“The next task is to apply our method to the closely related rapeseed plant， which we are now working on，” says Professor Halkier， leader of the research.
　　“Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed plants.The climate crisis demands that we reduce meat consumption and eat more plants， which is where rapeseed has great potential as a new source of plant protein.Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed，” says Professor Halkier.
5.What is the function of Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To state the reason. B.To offer the solution.
C.To give an example. D.To introduce the topic.
6.According to the research， how did scientists rid thale cress of its bitter taste？（　　）
A.By selecting better seeds.
B.By removing the three proteins.
C.By increasing sweet tastes.
D.By storing defensive substances.
7.What do Halkier’s words in last paragraph focus on？（　　）
A.Researchers’ efforts to better the taste.
B.Researchers’ progress in their experiment.
C.Rapeseed’s role in relieving climate crisis.
D.Rapeseed’s potential as a new protein source.
8.Which of the following is a suitable title for this text？（　　）
A.Harmful Proteins Discovered in Rapeseed
B.Rapeseed Widely Used as Oil and Animal Food
C.Researchers Closer to Making Rapeseed Safe Food
D.New Plant Proteins in Rapeseed Finally Uncovered
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　All TED talks are interesting.The presenters present creative ideas that， in turn， cause us to think further on the issue or topic.One talk that particularly stuck in my mind was How Simple Ideas Lead to Scientific Discoveries by Adam Savage.Known for hosting the show MythBusters on the Discovery Channel， Savage put forward the idea that a scientist who discovers amazing things is no different than any other person.9.（　　） But do not get confused， these scientists are not all philosophers who sit in a room and question everything.They simply witness something during their lifetime and wonder why or how it occurred.
　　10.（　　）He began his discussion with an appealing tale of a little boy called Richard Feynman who wondered how inertia （慣性） worked， and later told the audience how that one experience led him to win a Nobel Prize in Physics.11.（　　） He also integrated （融入） his points with stories.These tales， not only were great examples， but also maintained the captivation （吸引力） of the audience.
　　I believe it is key to have passion in what you are discussing.12.（　　） But if you effectively show your ideas and why you have an interest， the audience is more likely to also develop an interest.Savage did an amazing job of this during his speech.
　　13.（　　） I like to learn new things， but science is not my favourite subject.After watching Savage’s talk， I wanted to learn more about the history of science.
A.I believe that should be all presenters’ goal.
B.He was a lifelong maker of things and curious person.
C.As a liberal arts major， I have little interest in science.
D.The audience may not share your passion in the beginning.
E.The majority of the discoveries that have been made were the results of wonder.
F.Savage then continued to make his points about how most scientific discoveries were found.
G.One of the strongest techniques that Savage used throughout his speech was storytelling.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Dad Joel Wagener is using his newly-founded ice cream business to give back to his community and create a career path for his children.
　　Wagener started 　14　 an ice cream truck in April 2021.He bought the used vehicle in January， and soon， a（n） 　15　 was born.Two of his children 　16　 on the truck.Son Josh and daughter Mary Kate were both born with Down syndrome （唐氏綜合征）， and Wagener quickly 　17　 that the truck offered a 　18　 to them as they neared the end of the school system.
　　“At every stage， with special needs kids， you look towards the future and what’s their 　19　 going to be like in the next phase，” Wagener explained.“It also becomes more of a（n） 　20　 for us as parents to say ‘What can we do to help them add some 　21　 to society？’ That’s very important to us.”
　　Now， Mary Kate and Josh are having a great time 　22　 with their dad to sell what they call the best ice cream in America.Wagener said that working alongside his children on the truck has been “the greatest 　23　”.
　　Since the start of April， the family has sold more than 10，000 delicious treats in the Cincinnati area.Wagener is 　24　 to expand the business and help even more children with special needs while 　25　 his mission to help his children.
　　“As a parent， you have 　26　，” Wagener said.“I don’t know whether they will be totally 　27　.But we hope to 　28　 them in that direction.”
14.（　）A.operating B.driving
C.repairing D.testing
15.（　）A.star B.tradition
C.idea D.business
16.（　）A.spoke up B.cleaned up
C.helped out D.checked out
17.（　）A.admitted B.realized
C.decided D.explained
18.（　）A.future B.treatment
C.deal D.trip
19.（　）A.society B.family
C.life D.action
20.（　）A.achievement B.encouragement
C.opportunity D.responsibility
21.（　）A.luck B.value
C.fun D.power
22.（　）A.competing B.playing
C.working D.sharing
23.（　）A.joy B.risk
C.need D.example
24.（　）A.happening B.hoping
C.waiting D.hesitating
25.（　）A.changing B.planning
C.supporting D.continuing
26.（　）A.desires B.fears
C.successes D.challenges
27.（　）A.reasonable B.normal
C.independent D.correct
28.（　）A.control B.move
C.return D.protect
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　In 1938， a British engineer and amateur meteorologist （業余的氣象學家） made a discovery 29.　　　　　　 set off a public discussion on climate change.
　　Scientists had known for many years that carbon dioxide could trap （吸收） heat and warm 30.　　　　　　 planet.But Guy Callendar was the first 31.　　　　　　 （connect） human activities to global warming.
　　He showed that land temperatures 32.　　　　　　 （increase） over the previous half-century， and he theorized that people were raising Earth’s temperature by 33.　　　　　　 （burn） fossil fuels in fireplaces， 34.　　　　　　 （factory） and even his beloved motorcycles.
　　When Callendar published his findings， many scientists saw 35.　　　　　　 （he） as an outsider.But he was right.His theory became 36.　　　　　　 （common） known as “the Callendar Effect”.Today， it’s known as global warming.
A theoretical basis for climate change had been developed over the 114 years leading up to Callendar’s research.Scientists including Joseph Fourier， Eunice Newton Foote， John Tyndall 37.　　　　　　 Svante Arrhenius had developed an understanding of how water vapor （水蒸氣） in the air trapped heat， noted that carbon dioxide also trapped large amounts of heat and thought about how 38.　　　　　　 （grow） fossil fuel use could raise the Earth’s temperature and change the climate.However， these scientists spoke only of future possibilities.Callendar showed global warming was already happening.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.used　2.held　3.taken　4.waiting　5.Based
6.surprised　7.astonished　8.spent　9.Raised　10.filled
維度二
1.see her mother taken good care of　2.Dressed in a beautiful skirt　3.have fast food delivered　4.Compared with other students　5.informed of the latest news
6.much homework unfinished
維度三
1.Born in a mountain village　2.damaged in the heavy rain
3.set up by an old expert　4.faced with a natural disaster
5.have their confidence improved
6.have the production doubled　7.Praised by these farmers
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。紐約市公立學校將禁止學生和教師使用ChatGPT， 因為教育工作者擔心這一人工智能聊天機器人工具會助長學生作弊和不準確信息的傳播。
1.A　細節理解題。根據第二段內容及第五段第二句可知，教育工作者擔心學生會使用ChatGPT來為他們做家庭作業，即會導致學生作弊。
2.A　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句的上半句Due to concerns about negative impacts on student learning， and concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content并結合第一段內容可知，出于這些擔心，紐約市公立學校限制在其網絡和設備上訪問ChatGPT。畫線詞restricted與limited意思相近。
3.D　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段最后兩句Another user asked the chatbot to write an essay about the life of William Shakespeare four times； he received a unique version with the same prompt each time.可知，用戶給了ChatGPT四次同樣的提示讓寫有關莎士比亞的文章，每次都能得到不同的版本。
4.D　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了紐約市公立學校出于防止學生作弊和傳播不準確消息的目的將禁止學生和教師使用ChatGPT。因此，D項最適合作本文標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發現，通過移除三種蛋白質，油菜籽有可能變得可以被人類食用，并有成為植物蛋白新來源的巨大潛力。
5.A　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句和第二段內容可知，油菜籽植物會產生一組帶有苦味的防御性物質，這使得食用油菜籽不適合作為人類的一種直接食物來源，而油菜籽榨油后的菜籽餅，也只被少量用作豬和雞的飼料。由此推斷，第二段的作用是陳述食用油菜籽苦和不安全的原因。
6.B　細節理解題。根據第三段內容可知，哥本哈根大學的研究人員已經發現了三種蛋白質，它們有助于在阿拉伯芥的種子中儲存苦味物質，這種新發現使得通過“運輸工程”技術去除這三種蛋白質來防止那些苦味物質在種子中的積累成為可能。即科學家們是通過移除阿拉伯芥中的三種蛋白質來去除苦味的。
7.D　細節理解題。根據最后一段內容可知，歐盟一半的植物蛋白來自油菜籽植物，而氣候危機要求減少肉類消費，多吃植物，這就是油菜籽作為植物蛋白新來源的巨大潛力所在。即Halkier的話集中在油菜籽作為一種新的蛋白質來源的潛力上。
8.C　標題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是倒數第二段內容和最后一段中的Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed可知，研究人員對阿伯拉芥（一種與油菜籽密切相關的植物）的研究表明，通過移除三種蛋白質，油菜籽有可能變得可以被人類食用，并有成為植物蛋白新來源的巨大潛力。因此，C項（研究人員更接近于使油菜籽成為安全食品）適合作為本文的標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。Adam Savage的一場TED演講引發了作者對科學的興趣。
9.E　上文指出Savage在他的演講中提到做出驚人發現的科學家與其他人沒有什么不同；下文指出這些科學家并不是異想天開、質疑一切，而是對他們看到的事物一探究竟。E項[（科學家的）大多數發現都源于好奇]中的wonder與下文中的wonder是原詞復現關系。
10.G　本段介紹Savage如何進行他的演講。G項（Savage在演講中使用的最厲害的技巧之一是講故事）中的storytelling呼應下文中的He began his discussion with an appealing tale of a little boy和He also integrated （融入） his points with stories。
11.F　上文指出Savage在演講中以一個小男孩的故事開始他的論述，之后指出這個男孩最終獲得諾貝爾物理學獎。由此可知，本空與上文內容之間應是順承關系，具體介紹Savage是如何進行他的演講。F項（Savage接著繼續闡述他關于大多數科學發現是如何被發現的觀點）中的his points與下文中的his points是原詞復現關系。
12.D　本段介紹如何讓觀眾對你的演講感興趣。由此可知，本空與觀眾對你的演講所持有的態度有關。D項中的passion與上文中的passion是原詞復現關系，且該項中的not share your passion in the beginning呼應下文中的more likely to also develop an interest。
13.C　根據空后一句中的science is not my favourite subject可知，作者對科學不太感興趣。故C項符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。爸爸帶著兩個患有唐氏綜合征的孩子在卡車上賣冰激凌，為他們開創一條就業道路。
14.A　根據上段中的Dad Joel Wagener is using his newly-founded ice cream business可知，Wagener在2021年4月開始在卡車上售賣冰激凌。他在1月買了這輛舊卡車， 不久他的生意就開張了。
15.D　參見上題解析。
16.C　根據上段中的create a career path for his children可知，Wagener用卡車售賣冰激凌，意在為他的孩子們開創一條就業道路。由此可推斷，他的兩個孩子在卡車上幫忙。這兩個孩子都天生患有唐氏綜合征，Wagener很快意識到這輛卡車能為他們解決未來的就業問題。
17.B　參見上題解析。
18.A　參見16題解析。
19.C　根據本空前的At every stage， with special needs kids， you look towards the future可知，在照顧有特殊需求的孩子的每個階段，你都要往前看，想想下一階段他們的生活會是什么樣子。
20.D　根據本段中的as parents、What can we do to help them add some 　21　 to society？和倒數第二段中的his mission to help his children可知，Wagener認為作為父母，他們也有更大的責任關注這兩個孩子的未來，思考“我們能做些什么來幫助他們為社會貢獻一些價值？”
21.B　參見上題解析。
22.C　根據下文的working alongside his children on the truck可知，Mary Kate和Josh很高興與爸爸一起在卡車上工作，賣冰激凌。
23.A　根據本段中的Mary Kate and Josh are having a great time 　22　 with their dad可知，Wagener和孩子們彼此都喜歡對方的陪伴，Wagener說和孩子們一起工作是最大的快樂。
24.B　根據本段第一句可知，Wagener開業后賣了一萬多個冰激凌，他期望擴大生意，在繼續幫助自己的孩子的同時也幫助更多有特殊需求的孩子。
25.D　參見上題解析。
26.A　根據本段最后一句But we hope to 　28　 them in that direction.可知，Wagener說，作為父母，我們是有愿望的。
27.C　根據第一段中的create a career path for his children可知，Wagener幫助孩子們開創一條就業道路，他不知道他們是否能夠完全獨立，但是他希望推動他們朝這個方向發展。
28.B　參見上題解析。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。1938年，英國工程師蓋伊·卡倫德首次提出“全球變暖”的觀點，并將人類活動與全球變暖聯系起來。
29.that/which　考查關系代詞。設空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞discovery，且在從句中作主語。故填that/which。
30.the　考查冠詞。the planet特指“地球”。
31.to connect　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作后置定語修飾the first。the first to do sth第一個做某事的人。
32.had increased　考查動詞的時態。根據語境和時間狀語over the previous half-century可知，increase所表示的動作發生在“過去的過去”，應用過去完成時。故填had increased。
33.burning　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作介詞by的賓語，且people與burn之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。故填burning。
34.factories　考查名詞復數。factory意為“工廠”，是可數名詞，設空處表示泛指。故填其復數形式factories。
35.him　考查代詞。設空處作saw的賓語，表示“他”，應用賓格。故填him。
monly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語，修飾known，應用副詞。故填commonly。
37.and　考查連詞。根據語境可知，Joseph Fourier、Eunice Newton Foote、John Tyndall和Svante Arrhenius這四位科學家之間是并列關系。故填連詞and。
38.growing　考查詞形轉換。根據語境可知，設空處作定語，修飾名詞詞組fossil fuel use，意為“越來越多的”。故填growing。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
動詞-ed形式作定語、狀語和賓語補足語
閱讀下列句子并思考加黑部分的用法。
1.The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.
2.Surprised by this， Fleming performed some tests.
3.When I began to sing， he laughed and made me embarrassed.
4.Seen from a distance， the mountain looks like a lion.
5.David had some flowers sent to Mary on her birthday.
6.She sat in the chair with her eyes closed， enjoying the music.
7.As Louis Pasteur said， “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
8.He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential， and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.
【我的發現】
（1）句　　　和句　　　中動詞-ed形式（短語）作定語。單個動詞-ed形式作　　　　　定語，而動詞-ed形式短語作定語時往往作　　　　定語。
（2）句　　　和句　　　中動詞-ed形式短語作　　　　，在意義上相當于一個狀語從句。
（3）句3、5、6和8中動詞-ed形式（短語）作　　　　　　。
一、動詞-ed形式作定語
1.動詞-ed形式作定語時的位置
（1）前置定語：一般情況下，單個動詞-ed形式作前置定語，常置于被修飾詞之前。
We needed much more qualified workers.
我們需要更多合格的工人。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
污染了的空氣和水對人們的健康有害。
少數單個動詞的-ed形式，如left，只能作后置定語。
Among the people invited were some ladies.
被邀請的人中，有一些是女士。
The books left are for my students.
剩下的書是給我的學生們的。
（2）后置定語：動詞-ed形式短語作定語時，往往作后置定語，常置于被修飾詞之后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的學生是我的女兒。
The meeting，attended by a lot of people，was a success.
＝The meeting，which was attended by a lot of people， was a success.
這次會議有很多人出席，開得很成功。
2.動詞-ed形式作定語時的意義
及物動詞的-ed形式作定語，通常既表示已經完成，又可以表示被動的意義；不及物動詞的-ed形式作定語，常表示已經發生的動作。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.（表示被動和完成）
會上提出的計劃將很快被執行。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.（表示已經發生）
上周，我們已退休的足球教練去看我們打了一場比賽。
3.動詞-ed形式與動詞-ing形式作定語時的區別
（1）語態上不同：動詞-ing形式表示主動意義，動詞-ed形式多表示被動意義。
The young man playing the piano on stage is from Shanghai Conservatory of Music.
在臺上彈鋼琴的那個年輕人來自上海音樂學院。
The question raised at the meeting yesterday was of great importance.
昨天會議上提出的那個問題很重要。
（2）時間關系上不同：動詞-ing形式表示正在進行的動作，而動詞-ed形式表示已經完成的動作。
On the other hand， I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.
另一方面，我希望在這個發達國家拓寬我的視野。
As is known to us， China is a developing country.眾所周知，中國是一個發展中國家。
4.動詞-ed形式（done）、動詞-ing形式的被動語態（being done）與動詞不定式的被動語態（to be done）作定語時的區別
　　　意義 形式　　　 語態 時態
done 被動 完成
being done 被動 正在進行
to be done 被動 尚未發生
The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的大樓是我們的教學樓。
The building being built now is our teaching building.
現在正在建造的大樓是我們的教學樓。
The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下個月將要建造的大樓是我們的教學樓。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空/句型轉換
　①The problems 　　　　　　（discuss） yesterday had nothing to do with him.
②We often see an old man sweeping the 　　　　　　（fall） leaves when we pass the building.
③The cars 　　　　　　　　（sell） at the market now are made in Beijing.
④Tsinghua University， 　　　　　　（found） in 1911， is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
⑤The oldest castle which was built by the Norman rulers in Windsor locates nearby.
→The oldest castle 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　locates nearby.（動詞-ed形式短語作定語）
二、動詞-ed形式作狀語
動詞-ed形式作狀語，其邏輯主語與句子主語一致，動詞-ed形式所表示的動作與主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。動詞-ed形式作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件等，有時可與連詞一起使用。
1.動詞-ed形式作狀語時的語法意義
動詞-ed形式作狀語表示被動或完成，其邏輯主語為主句的主語，且與主句主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系。
Written in a hurry， this article was not so good.因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。
2.動詞-ed形式作狀語時的句法功能
（1）動詞-ed形式作時間狀語，通常放在句首，在句中相當于一個時間狀語從句。
Asked about his address （＝When he was asked about his address）， the boy didn’t respond.
問及他的地址時，小男孩沒有回答。
（2）動詞-ed形式作原因狀語，一般置于句首，在句中相當于一個原因狀語從句。
Annoyed at the decision（＝As he was annoyed at the decision）， he refused to attend the meeting.
由于對這個決定生氣，他拒絕參加會議。
（3）動詞-ed形式作條件狀語，通常放在句首，在句中相當于一個條件狀語從句。
Heated to a high temperature （＝If it is heated to a high temperature）， water will change into vapor.
如果加熱到高溫，水就能變成蒸氣。
（4）動詞-ed形式作讓步狀語，一般放在句首，有時也放在句末，在句中相當于一個讓步狀語從句。
Though having been warned of the storm （＝Though they had been warned of the storm），the farmers were still working in the fields.
盡管被警告過有暴風雨，農民們仍然在田地里勞作。
（5）動詞-ed形式作方式狀語時，一般放在句末，有時也放在句首；動詞-ed形式作伴隨狀語時，通常放在句末。作方式狀語或伴隨狀語時可轉換為并列結構。
Followed by a group of students， the teacher entered the classroom.
＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.
老師走進教室，后面跟著一群學生。
3.動詞-ed形式作狀語時的省略
動詞-ed形式（短語）作狀語時，前面有時可以加上when、 if、 while、 though、 even if、 until、 unless等連詞，這種結構可以看作是一種省略的狀語從句（省略部分多為“主語＋be的多種形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主語必須和主句的主語相同或為it。
Even if invited （＝Even if I’m invited）， I won’t take part in the party.
即使受到邀請，我也不會參加那個聚會。
4.動詞-ed形式與動詞-ing形式作狀語的區別
動詞-ed形式與主句的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，即表示被動；動詞-ing形式與主句的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，即表示主動。無論是動詞-ing形式還是動詞-ed形式，其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。如果不一致，則必須用狀語從句、獨立主格結構等其他表達形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief.（×）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police.（√）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her.（√）
【即時演練2】　用動詞-ed形式改寫句子
①When he is faced with difficulties， he always keeps calm.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， he always keeps calm.
②Because they were deeply moved by the movie， the children began to cry.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， the children began to cry.
③Tonya was surrounded by the cold sea water， and she shouted crazily for help.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Tonya shouted crazily for help.
④She sat by the window， and she was lost in thought.
→She sat by the window， 　　　　　　.
三、動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語
作賓語補足語的多是及物動詞的-ed形式，說明賓語的狀態或性質，與賓語一起構成復合賓語，前面的賓語就是其邏輯主語。
1.動詞-ed形式用在表示狀態的keep、 leave等詞的后面作賓語補足語。
He got up late and hurried to his office， leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起床晚了，沒吃早飯就匆忙去辦公室了。
2.動詞-ed形式用在使役動詞have、 get和make的后面作賓語補足語。
（1）“have/get＋賓語＋動詞-ed形式”可以表示兩種含義，“讓別人做某事”或“遭遇到某種不幸”。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飛機起飛前一個小時克萊爾讓她的行李進行了安檢。
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他們在度假時，他們的汽車被撬開了。
（2）在“make＋賓語＋動詞-ed形式”這種結構中，動詞-ed形式表示結果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他們用很簡單的英語來使他們自己被理解。
3.在感官動詞see、 hear、 notice、 observe、 watch、 feel、 find等后，可用動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語，強調被動的狀態。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
當我們看到道路被雪封住后，我們決定在家里過假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上，人們發現他們房子外面的世界全變了。
4.表示“意愿；命令”的動詞，如like、 want、 wish、 expect、 order等可用動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
經理要求在本周末完成這項工作。
5.動詞-ed形式用在“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”這一復合結構中，動詞-ed形式與賓語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客廳既干凈又整潔，已擺好了餐桌準備擺放即將做好的飯菜。
John received an invitation to dinner， and with his work finished， he gladly accepted it.
約翰收到一份宴請函而且他的工作做完了，他欣然接受了邀請。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
①In the picture， she 　　　　　　　　　on her lap.
照片中，她雙手交叉放在膝上。
②The next morning， the old man 　　　　　　　　　　　　with an old coat.
第二天早上，老人發現自己身上蓋著一件舊外套。
③I have never 　　　　　　　　　　　　ill of others.
我從未聽到過他說別人的壞話。
④He was trying to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他試圖讓別人明白他的意思。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　， Jim went out to play football with other boys.
做完作業后，吉姆和其他男孩出去踢足球了。
surround vt.圍繞，環繞；包圍；與……緊密相關
【教材原句】　He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.
他發現模具旁邊的細菌都死了。
【用法】
（1）surround ...with ... 用……包圍/環繞…… be surrounded by/with ... 被……包圍/環繞 （2）surrounding adj. 周圍的；附近的 surroundings n. 環境（常用復數）
【佳句】　To some， happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
對一些人來說，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身邊。
In a word， you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings soon.總之，歡迎你來我們學校并希望你能很快適應新環境。
【點津】　surroundings常用復數形式，表示周圍具體的物質環境。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The original builders surrounded the city 　　　　　　a wall.
②The policemen decided to search the 　　　　　　（surround） area.
③Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful 　　　　　　（surround）.
【寫美】　一句多譯
④這個湖被綠樹環抱，非常漂亮。
→Green trees 　　　　　　　　　　　　， and it is very beautiful.（并列結構）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the lake is very beautiful.（動詞-ed形式短語作狀語）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， it is very beautiful.（with復合結構）
favour vt.較喜歡；偏袒；有助于 n.幫助，好事；贊同；偏袒
【教材原句】　As Louis Pasteur said， “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
正如路·巴斯德所說：“幸運垂青于有準備的人。”
【用法】
（1）in favour of　 　支持，贊同；有利于 in one’s favour 對某人有利 （2）do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 給某人以恩惠；幫助某人 ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 請某人幫忙 owe sb a favour 欠某人一個人情 （3）favourable adj. 贊同的；有利的；良好的 favourite adj.& n.特別喜愛（歡）的（東西）
【佳句】　Opportunities and success tend to be in favor of those who are ready.
機遇和成功往往會青睞那些有準備的人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I’ll ask Steve to take it.He owes me 　　　　　　favour.
②They decided to postpone the trip until the conditions were more 　　　　　　（favor）.
③The exchange rate is 　　　　　　our favour at the moment.
④Most people are in favour 　　　　　　bringing down the housing prices.
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤The situation both at home and abroad 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
國內外的形勢都對我們有利。
charge vt.& vi.充電；收費；控告；譴責；使……承擔責任；使充滿 n.收費；控告；譴責；掌管
【教材原句】　When a thunderstorm approached， the lightning would charge the key.
當雷雨來臨時，閃電就會給鑰匙充電。
【用法】
（1）charge sb for sth　　 　因某事向某人收費 charge sb with （doing） sth＝accuse sb of （doing） sth 控告某人（做）某事 （2）take charge of 掌管/負責…… in charge of 控制/管理……（主語通常是人） in the charge of＝in sb’s charge 受……的管理；由……負責（主語通常是物） （3）free of charge＝for free 免費
【佳句】　I’m Li Hua， a student who is in charge of the English program “Talk and Talk” of the school radio station.
我是李華，是負責學校廣播站英語節目“Talk and Talk”的一名學生。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He was charged with 　　　　　　（steal） a car last week.
②We won’t charge customers 　　　　　　on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi.
③Officially he is 　　　　　　charge， but in fact his secretary does all the work.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
④The house has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year.
→Mr Bell has been 　　　　　　　　the house for more than a year.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
（1）1　7　前置　后置　（2）2　4　狀語　（3）賓語補足語
即時演練1
①discussed　②fallen　③being sold　④founded
⑤built by the Norman rulers in Windsor
即時演練2
①Faced with difficulties　②Deeply moved by the movie　③Surrounded by the cold sea water　④lost in thought
即時演練3
①kept her hands folded　②found himself covered
③heard him spoken　④make himself understood
⑤With his homework finished
【核心知識·巧突破】
1.①with　②surrounding　③surroundings　④surround the lake； Surrounded by green trees； With green trees surrounding the lake
2.①a　②favorable　③in　④of　⑤is in our favour
3.①stealing　②for　③in　④in charge of
7 / 7(共100張PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
核心知識·巧突破
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法 · 要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
動詞-ed形式作定語、
狀語和賓語補足語
閱讀下列句子并思考加藍部分的用法。
1. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed
the bacteria.
2. Surprised by this， Fleming performed some tests.
3. When I began to sing， he laughed and made me embarrassed.
4. Seen from a distance， the mountain looks like a lion.
5. David had some flowers sent to Mary on her birthday.
6. She sat in the chair with her eyes closed， enjoying the music.
7. As Louis Pasteur said， “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
8. He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential， and
his hard work and determination helped get its mass production
started.
【我的發現】
（1）句 和句 中動詞-ed形式（短語）作定語。單個動詞-ed
形式作 定語，而動詞-ed形式短語作定語時往往作
定語。
（2）句 和句 中動詞-ed形式短語作 ，在意義上相
當于一個狀語從句。
（3）句3、5、6和8中動詞-ed形式（短語）作 。
1　
7　
前置　
后
置　
2　
4　
狀語　
賓語補足語　
一、動詞-ed形式作定語
1. 動詞-ed形式作定語時的位置
（1）前置定語：一般情況下，單個動詞-ed形式作前置定語，常置
于被修飾詞之前。
We needed much more qualified workers.
我們需要更多合格的工人。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
污染了的空氣和水對人們的健康有害。
名師點津
少數單個動詞的-ed形式，如left，只能作后置定語。
Among the people invited were some ladies.
被邀請的人中，有一些是女士。
The books left are for my students.
剩下的書是給我的學生們的。
（2）后置定語：動詞-ed形式短語作定語時，往往作后置定語，常置
于被修飾詞之后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的學生是我的女兒。
The meeting，attended by a lot of people，was a success.
＝The meeting，which was attended by a lot of people， was a
success.
這次會議有很多人出席，開得很成功。
2. 動詞-ed形式作定語時的意義
及物動詞的-ed形式作定語，通常既表示已經完成，又可以表示
被動的意義；不及物動詞的-ed形式作定語，常表示已經發生的
動作。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.（表示
被動和完成）
會上提出的計劃將很快被執行。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.（表
示已經發生）
上周，我們已退休的足球教練去看我們打了一場比賽。
3. 動詞-ed形式與動詞-ing形式作定語時的區別
（1）語態上不同：動詞-ing形式表示主動意義，動詞-ed形式多表
示被動意義。
The young man playing the piano on stage is from Shanghai
Conservatory of Music.
在臺上彈鋼琴的那個年輕人來自上海音樂學院。
The question raised at the meeting yesterday was of great
importance.
昨天會議上提出的那個問題很重要。
（2）時間關系上不同：動詞-ing形式表示正在進行的動作，而動
詞-ed形式表示已經完成的動作。
On the other hand， I hope to broaden my horizons in this
developed country.
另一方面，我希望在這個發達國家拓寬我的視野。
As is known to us， China is a developing country.
眾所周知，中國是一個發展中國家。
4. 動詞-ed形式（done）、動詞-ing形式的被動語態（being done）與
動詞不定式的被動語態（to be done）作定語時的區別
　　　意義 形式　　　 語態 時態
done 被動 完成
being done 被動 正在進行
to be done 被動 尚未發生
The building being built now is our teaching building.
現在正在建造的大樓是我們的教學樓。
The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下個月將要建造的大樓是我們的教學樓。
The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的大樓是我們的教學樓。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空/句型轉換
①The problems （discuss） yesterday had nothing to do
with him.
②We often see an old man sweeping the （fall） leaves when
we pass the building.
③The cars （sell） at the market now are made in
Beijing.
④Tsinghua University， （found） in 1911， is home to a
great number of outstanding figures.
discussed　
fallen　
being sold　
founded　
⑤The oldest castle which was built by the Norman rulers in Windsor
locates nearby.
→The oldest castle locates
nearby.（動詞-ed形式短語作定語）
built by the Norman rulers in Windsor　
二、動詞-ed形式作狀語
動詞-ed形式作狀語，其邏輯主語與句子主語一致，動詞-ed形式所表
示的動作與主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。動詞-ed形式作狀語可以表
示時間、原因、條件等，有時可與連詞一起使用。
1. 動詞-ed形式作狀語時的語法意義
動詞-ed形式作狀語表示被動或完成，其邏輯主語為主句的主語，
且與主句主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系。
Written in a hurry， this article was not so good.
因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。
2. 動詞-ed形式作狀語時的句法功能
（1）動詞-ed形式作時間狀語，通常放在句首，在句中相當于一個
時間狀語從句。
Asked about his address （＝When he was asked about his
address）， the boy didn’t respond.
問及他的地址時，小男孩沒有回答。
（2）動詞-ed形式作原因狀語，一般置于句首，在句中相當于一個
原因狀語從句。
Annoyed at the decision（＝As he was annoyed at the
decision）， he refused to attend the meeting.
由于對這個決定生氣，他拒絕參加會議。
（3）動詞-ed形式作條件狀語，通常放在句首，在句中相當于一個
條件狀語從句。
Heated to a high temperature （＝If it is heated to a high
temperature）， water will change into vapor.
如果加熱到高溫，水就能變成蒸氣。
（4）動詞-ed形式作讓步狀語，一般放在句首，有時也放在句末，
在句中相當于一個讓步狀語從句。
Though having been warned of the storm （＝Though they had
been warned of the storm），the farmers were still working in
the fields.
盡管被警告過有暴風雨，農民們仍然在田地里勞作。
（5）動詞-ed形式作方式狀語時，一般放在句末，有時也放在句
首；動詞-ed形式作伴隨狀語時，通常放在句末。作方式狀語
或伴隨狀語時可轉換為并列結構。
Followed by a group of students， the teacher entered the
classroom.
＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a
group of students.
老師走進教室，后面跟著一群學生。
3. 動詞-ed形式作狀語時的省略
動詞-ed形式（短語）作狀語時，前面有時可以加上when、 if、
while、 though、 even if、 until、 unless等連詞，這種結構可以看
作是一種省略的狀語從句（省略部分多為“主語＋be的多種形
式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主語必須和主句的主語相同或為
it。
Even if invited （＝Even if I’m invited）， I won’t take part in the
party.
即使受到邀請，我也不會參加那個聚會。
4. 動詞-ed形式與動詞-ing形式作狀語的區別
動詞-ed形式與主句的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，即表示被
動；動詞-ing形式與主句的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，即表
示主動。無論是動詞-ing形式還是動詞-ed形式，其邏輯主語必須和
句子的主語一致。如果不一致，則必須用狀語從句、獨立主格結構
等其他表達形式。
If caught， the police will punish the thief.（ ）
If caught， the thief will be punished by the police.（ ）
If the thief is caught， the police will punish him/her.（ ）
×
√
√
【即時演練2】　用動詞-ed形式改寫句子
①When he is faced with difficulties， he always keeps calm.
→ ， he always keeps calm.
②Because they were deeply moved by the movie， the children began to
cry.
→ ， the children began to cry.
Faced with difficulties　
Deeply moved by the movie　
③Tonya was surrounded by the cold sea water， and she shouted crazily
for help.
→ ， Tonya shouted crazily for
help.
④She sat by the window， and she was lost in thought.
→She sat by the window， .
Surrounded by the cold sea water　
lost in thought　
三、動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語
作賓語補足語的多是及物動詞的-ed形式，說明賓語的狀態或性質，與
賓語一起構成復合賓語，前面的賓語就是其邏輯主語。
1. 動詞-ed形式用在表示狀態的keep、 leave等詞的后面作賓語補
足語。
He got up late and hurried to his office， leaving the breakfast
untouched.
他起床晚了，沒吃早飯就匆忙去辦公室了。
2. 動詞-ed形式用在使役動詞have、 get和make的后面作賓語補足語。
（1）“have/get＋賓語＋動詞-ed形式”可以表示兩種含義，“讓
別人做某事”或“遭遇到某種不幸”。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在
飛機起飛前一個小時克萊爾讓她的行李進行了安檢。
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他們在度假時，他們的汽車被撬開了。
（2）在“make＋賓語＋動詞-ed形式”這種結構中，動詞-ed形式
表示結果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very
simple English.
他們用很簡單的英語來使他們自己被理解。
3. 在感官動詞see、 hear、 notice、 observe、 watch、 feel、 find等
后，可用動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語，強調被動的狀態。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to
spend the holiday at home.當我們看到道路被雪封住后，我們
決定在家里過假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses
completely changed.
第二天早上，人們發現他們房子外面的世界全變了。
4. 表示“意愿；命令”的動詞，如like、 want、 wish、 expect、
order等可用動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
經理要求在本周末完成這項工作。
5. 動詞-ed形式用在“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”這一復合結構中，
動詞-ed形式與賓語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for
a meal to be cooked.
客廳既干凈又整潔，已擺好了餐桌準備擺放即將做好的飯菜。
John received an invitation to dinner， and with his work finished，
he gladly accepted it.
約翰收到一份宴請函而且他的工作做完了，他欣然接受了邀請。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
①In the picture， she on her lap.
照片中，她雙手交叉放在膝上。
②The next morning， the old man with an old
coat.
第二天早上，老人發現自己身上蓋著一件舊外套。
③I have never ill of others.
我從未聽到過他說別人的壞話。
kept her hands folded　
found himself covered　
heard him spoken
④He was trying to .
他試圖讓別人明白他的意思。
⑤ ， Jim went out to play football with
other boys.
做完作業后，吉姆和其他男孩出去踢足球了。
With his homework finished　
make himself understood　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
2
surround vt.圍繞，環繞；包圍；與……緊密相關
【教材原句】　He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould
were dead.
他發現模具旁邊的細菌都死了。
【用法】
（1）surround ...with ... 用……包圍/環繞……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包圍/環繞
（2）surrounding adj. 周圍的；附近的
surroundings n. 環境（常用復數）
【佳句】　To some， happiness is being surrounded by family and
friends.對一些人來說，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身邊。
In a word， you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the
new surroundings soon.
總之，歡迎你來我們學校并希望你能很快適應新環境。
【點津】　surroundings常用復數形式，表示周圍具體的物質環境。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The original builders surrounded the city a wall.
②The policemen decided to search the （surround）
area.
③Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and
beautiful （surround）.
with　
surrounding　
surroundings　
【寫美】　一句多譯
④這個湖被綠樹環抱，非常漂亮。
→Green trees ， and it is very beautiful.
（并列結構）
→ ， the lake is very beautiful.（動詞-ed
形式短語作狀語）
→ ， it is very beautiful.（with
復合結構）
surround the lake　
Surrounded by green trees　
With green trees surrounding the lake　
favour vt.較喜歡；偏袒；有助于 n.幫助，好事；贊同；偏袒
【教材原句】　As Louis Pasteur said， “Fortune favours the prepared
mind.”
正如路·巴斯德所說：“幸運垂青于有準備的人。”
【用法】
（1）in favour of　 　　支持，贊同；有利于
in one’s favour 對某人有利
（2）do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 給某人以恩惠；幫助某人
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 請某人幫忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人一個人情
（3）favourable adj. 贊同的；有利的；良好的
favourite adj.& n. 特別喜愛（歡）的（東西）
【佳句】　Opportunities and success tend to be in favor of those who are
ready.
機遇和成功往往會青睞那些有準備的人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I’ll ask Steve to take it.He owes me favour.
②They decided to postpone the trip until the conditions were
more （favor）.
③The exchange rate is our favour at the moment.
④Most people are in favour bringing down the housing prices.
a　
favorable　
in　
of　
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤The situation both at home and abroad .
國內外的形勢都對我們有利。
is in our favour　
charge vt.& vi.充電；收費；控告；譴責；使……承擔責任；使充
滿 n.收費；控告；譴責；掌管
【教材原句】　When a thunderstorm approached， the lightning would
charge the key.
當雷雨來臨時，閃電就會給鑰匙充電。
【用法】
（1）charge sb for sth　　因某事向某人收費
charge sb with （doing） sth＝accuse sb of （doing） sth
控告某人（做）某事
（2）take charge of 掌管/負責……
in charge of 控制/管理……（主語通常是人）
in the charge of＝in sb’s charge
受……的管理；由……負責（主語通常是物）
（3）free of charge＝for free 免費
【佳句】　I’m Li Hua， a student who is in charge of the English
program “Talk and Talk” of the school radio station.我是李華，是負責
學校廣播站英語節目“Talk and Talk”的一名學生。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He was charged with （steal） a car last week.
②We won’t charge customers on-site parking and provide high-
speed Wi-Fi.
③Officially he is charge， but in fact his secretary does all the
work.
stealing　
for　
in　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
④The house has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year.
→Mr Bell has been the house for more than a year.
in charge of　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
單句語法填空。
1. Ordinary soap， （use） correctly， can deal with bacteria
effectively.
2. The meeting （hold） last night was about safety.
3. When （take） according to the directions，the drug has no
side effect.
used　
held　
taken　
4. Don’t leave that man over there （wait） outside and
show him in now.
5. （base） on what we have discussed， how do you feel
about this job？
6. The （surprise） look showed that she hadn’t known
the experiment.
7. John Snow told the story about the （astonish） people
in Broad Street.
waiting　
Based　
surprised　
astonished　
8. Jim has retired， but he still remembers the happy time
（spend） with his students.
9. （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow， he had a long
and hard road to becoming a composer.
10. We went to the cinema with the friendly household，
（fill） with excitement.
spent　
Raised　
filled　
維度二：語法與寫作
完成句子。
1. She was happy to at her elder
sister’s home.
她很高興看到母親在她姐姐家里受到很好的照顧。
2. ， she attended the opening ceremony.
穿著一條漂亮的裙子，她參加了開幕式。
3. I usually to my office when I am busy.
當我忙的時候，我通常叫快餐送到我的辦公室。
see her mother taken good care of　
Dressed in a beautiful skirt　
have fast food delivered　
4. ， Mary is more determined to
achieve her goal.
與其他學生相比，瑪麗更有決心實現自己的目標。
5. The Internet keeps us and also provides
entertainment in the house.
互聯網使我們在家就能隨時了解最新的新聞，而且也為我們提
供娛樂。
6. Addicted to computer games， he left
.
沉迷于電腦游戲，他很多作業沒有做完。
Compared with other students　
informed of the latest news　
much homework
unfinished　
維度三：語法與語篇
用動詞-ed形式完成下面短文。
　　1. （出生在一個山村）， Tom was
interested in something involving agriculture.When he was young， he
often helped his father with the crops 2.
（在大雨中損壞的）. When he grew up， he was admitted into a famous
university， where he majored in agriculture.After graduation， he joined
a team 3. （由一位老專家設立的） with enough
professional knowledge.When4. （面臨
Born in a mountain village　
damaged in the heavy rain　
set up by an old expert　
faced with a natural disaster　
自然災害）， some farmers were often helpless.Tom and his team often
helped them to 5. （提高他們的信
心）.They also showed them how to save the damaged crops and how to
6. （使產量翻一番）.Most of the local
farmers thought highly of the team.7. （被
這些農民稱贊）， Tom worked harder than before.In his opinion， it
was his duty to help the farmers out when they got into trouble.
have their confidence improved　
have the production doubled　
Praised by these farmers　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　New York City public schools will ban students and teachers from
using ChatGPT， a powerful new AI chatbot tool， on the district’s
networks and devices， an official confirmed to CNN on Thursday.
　　The move comes while educators raise concerns that students could
use the tool， which generates frighteningly effective responses and even
essays in response to user prompts （提示）， to do homework for
them.Some also worry that ChatGPT could be used to spread inaccurate
（不準確的） information.
　　“Due to concerns about negative impacts on student learning， and
concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content， access to
ChatGPT is restricted on New York City public schools’ networks and
devices，” said Jenna Lyle， a spokesperson for New York City’s
Department of Education.“While the tool may be able to provide quick
and easy answers to questions， it does not build critical-thinking and
problem-solving skills， which are essential for academic and lifelong
success.”
　　ChatGPT is able to provide lengthy， thoughtful and detailed
responses to questions and prompts， ranging from factual questions like
“Who was the president of the United States in 1955？” to more open-
ended questions such as “What’s the meaning of life？”
　　ChatGPT became popular just days after its launch.But many
educators fear students will use the tool to cheat.One user， for
example， fed ChatGPT an AP English exam question； it responded with
a 5-paragraph essay about Wuthering Heights.Another user asked the
chatbot to write an essay about the life of William Shakespeare four
times； he received a unique version with the same prompt each time.
　　Darren Hicks， assistant professor of philosophy at Furman
University， said it will be harder to prove when a student misuses
ChatGPT than with other forms of cheating.“In more traditional forms of
plagiarism — stealing or copying another’s work — I can go and find
proof，” he said.“In this case， there’s nothing out there that I can
point to and say， ‘Here’s the material they took.’”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。紐約市公立學校將禁止學生和教
師使用ChatGPT， 因為教育工作者擔心這一人工智能聊天機器人工
具會助長學生作弊和不準確信息的傳播。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。紐約市公立學校將禁止學生和教
師使用ChatGPT， 因為教育工作者擔心這一人工智能聊天機器人工
具會助長學生作弊和不準確信息的傳播。
1. What do educators fear about ChatGPT？（　　）
A. It will lead to students cheating.
B. It will reveal students’ information.
C. It will offer unhealthy content to students.
D. It will result in longer screen time for students.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段內容及第五段第二句可知，教
育工作者擔心學生會使用ChatGPT來為他們做家庭作業，即會導致
學生作弊。
2. What does the underlined word “restricted” in Paragraph 3 most
probably mean？（　　）
A. Limited. B. Required.
C. Permitted. D. Recommended.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句的上半句Due to
concerns about negative impacts on student learning， and concerns
regarding the safety and accuracy of content并結合第一段內容可知，
出于這些擔心，紐約市公立學校限制在其網絡和設備上訪問
ChatGPT。畫線詞restricted與limited意思相近。
3. What do we know about ChatGPT？（　　）
A. It cannot answer open-ended questions.
B. It helps teachers set and correct homework.
C. It makes no mistakes when answering questions.
D. It can offer different essays with the same prompt.
解析：　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段最后兩句Another user
asked the chatbot to write an essay about the life of William
Shakespeare four times； he received a unique version with the same
prompt each time.可知，用戶給了ChatGPT四次同樣的提示讓寫有
關莎士比亞的文章，每次都能得到不同的版本。
4. What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. ChatGPT Has Negative Effects on Student Learning
B. ChatGPT Makes Plagiarism More Difficult to Find
C. ChatGPT Surprises People with Its High Intelligence
D. ChatGPT Is Prohibited in New York City Public Schools
解析：　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了紐約市公
立學校出于防止學生作弊和傳播不準確消息的目的將禁止學生和教
師使用ChatGPT。因此，D項最適合作本文標題。
B
　　（2024·江蘇徐州高一期末）Yellow flower carpeted fields are a
sure sign of summer.In Denmark alone， more than 200，000 hectares of
rapeseed （油菜籽） are planted every year.But until now， the plant has
only been used for oil and animal feed， as it is both bitter and unsafe as a
direct food source for humans.
　　To protect themselves， the rapeseed plants produce a group of
substances （物質） called glucosinolates （硫苷）， which give the
plants a strong and bitter taste that scares off insects and disease.As a
result， rapeseed is unhealthy to eat and the rapeseed cake， which is the
remains of the seeds after the oil has been squeezed out， has only been
used in limited quantities as feed for pigs and chickens， despite its 30－
40 per cent protein content.
　　Now， researchers from the University of Copenhagen have
discovered the three proteins that help to store the bitter substances in
seeds of thale cress （阿拉伯芥）， a plant closely related to the
rapeseed.The new discovery makes it possible to prevent the accumulation
（積聚） of these substances in the seed by removing the proteins through
“transport engineering” technology.In doing so， the defensive
substances remain in all other parts of the plant， allowing it to continue to
defend itself.
　　So far， the researchers have shown that their method works in thale
cress.“The next task is to apply our method to the closely related
rapeseed plant， which we are now working on，” says Professor
Halkier， leader of the research.
　　“Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed plants.The
climate crisis demands that we reduce meat consumption and eat more
plants， which is where rapeseed has great potential as a new source of
plant protein.Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making
full use of rapeseed，” says Professor Halkier.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發現，通過移除三種蛋白質，
油菜籽有可能變得可以被人類食用，并有成為植物蛋白新來源的巨
大潛力。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發現，通過移除三種蛋白質，
油菜籽有可能變得可以被人類食用，并有成為植物蛋白新來源的巨
大潛力。
5. What is the function of Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. To state the reason. B. To offer the solution.
C. To give an example. D. To introduce the topic.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句和第二段內容可知，
油菜籽植物會產生一組帶有苦味的防御性物質，這使得食用油菜籽
不適合作為人類的一種直接食物來源，而油菜籽榨油后的菜籽餅，
也只被少量用作豬和雞的飼料。由此推斷，第二段的作用是陳述食
用油菜籽苦和不安全的原因。
6. According to the research， how did scientists rid thale cress of its
bitter taste？（　　）
A. By selecting better seeds.
B. By removing the three proteins.
C. By increasing sweet tastes.
D. By storing defensive substances.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段內容可知，哥本哈根大學的研
究人員已經發現了三種蛋白質，它們有助于在阿拉伯芥的種子中儲
存苦味物質，這種新發現使得通過“運輸工程”技術去除這三種蛋
白質來防止那些苦味物質在種子中的積累成為可能。即科學家們是
通過移除阿拉伯芥中的三種蛋白質來去除苦味的。
7. What do Halkier’s words in last paragraph focus on？（　　）
A. Researchers’ efforts to better the taste.
B. Researchers’ progress in their experiment.
C. Rapeseed’s role in relieving climate crisis.
D. Rapeseed’s potential as a new protein source.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段內容可知，歐盟一半的植物
蛋白來自油菜籽植物，而氣候危機要求減少肉類消費，多吃植物，
這就是油菜籽作為植物蛋白新來源的巨大潛力所在。即Halkier的話
集中在油菜籽作為一種新的蛋白質來源的潛力上。
8. Which of the following is a suitable title for this text？（　　）
A. Harmful Proteins Discovered in Rapeseed
B. Rapeseed Widely Used as Oil and Animal Food
C. Researchers Closer to Making Rapeseed Safe Food
D. New Plant Proteins in Rapeseed Finally Uncovered
解析：　標題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是倒數第二段內容和
最后一段中的Our latest research results bring us a step closer to
making full use of rapeseed可知，研究人員對阿伯拉芥（一種
與油菜籽密切相關的植物）的研究表明，通過移除三種蛋白
質，油菜籽有可能變得可以被人類食用，并有成為植物蛋白新
來源的巨大潛力。因此，C項（研究人員更接近于使油菜籽成
為安全食品）適合作為本文的標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　All TED talks are interesting.The presenters present creative ideas that， in turn， cause us to think further on the issue or topic.One talk that particularly stuck in my mind was How Simple Ideas Lead to Scientific Discoveries by Adam Savage.Known for hosting the show MythBusters on the Discovery Channel， Savage put forward the idea that a scientist who discovers amazing things is no different than any other person.9.（　　） But do not get confused， these scientists are not all philosophers who sit in a room and question everything.They simply witness something during their lifetime and wonder why or how it occurred.
　　10. （　　）He began his discussion with an appealing tale of a
little boy called Richard Feynman who wondered how inertia （慣性）
worked， and later told the audience how that one experience led him to
win a Nobel Prize in Physics.11.（　　） He also integrated （融入）
his points with stories.These tales， not only were great examples， but
also maintained the captivation （吸引力） of the audience.
　　I believe it is key to have passion in what you are discussing.12.
（　　） But if you effectively show your ideas and why you have an
interest， the audience is more likely to also develop an interest.Savage
did an amazing job of this during his speech.
　　13. （　　） I like to learn new things， but science is not my
favourite subject.After watching Savage’s talk， I wanted to learn more
about the history of science.
A. I believe that should be all presenters’ goal.
B. He was a lifelong maker of things and curious person.
C. As a liberal arts major， I have little interest in science.
D. The audience may not share your passion in the beginning.
E. The majority of the discoveries that have been made were the results of
wonder.
F. Savage then continued to make his points about how most scientific
discoveries were found.
G. One of the strongest techniques that Savage used throughout his speech
was storytelling.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。Adam Savage的一場TED演講引發了
作者對科學的興趣。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。Adam Savage的一場TED演講引發了
作者對科學的興趣。
9. E　上文指出Savage在他的演講中提到做出驚人發現的科學家與其
他人沒有什么不同；下文指出這些科學家并不是異想天開、質疑一
切，而是對他們看到的事物一探究竟。E項[（科學家的）大多數發現
都源于好奇]中的wonder與下文中的wonder是原詞復現關系。
10. G　本段介紹Savage如何進行他的演講。G項（Savage在演講中使
用的最厲害的技巧之一是講故事）中的storytelling呼應下文中的He
began his discussion with an appealing tale of a little boy和He also
integrated （融入） his points with stories。
11. F　上文指出Savage在演講中以一個小男孩的故事開始他的論述，
之后指出這個男孩最終獲得諾貝爾物理學獎。由此可知，本空與上文
內容之間應是順承關系，具體介紹Savage是如何進行他的演講。F項
（Savage接著繼續闡述他關于大多數科學發現是如何被發現的觀點）
中的his points與下文中的his points是原詞復現關系。
12. D　本段介紹如何讓觀眾對你的演講感興趣。由此可知，本空與
觀眾對你的演講所持有的態度有關。D項中的passion與上文中的
passion是原詞復現關系，且該項中的not share your passion in the
beginning呼應下文中的more likely to also develop an interest。
13. C　根據空后一句中的science is not my favourite subject可知，作者
對科學不太感興趣。故C項符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Dad Joel Wagener is using his newly-founded ice cream business to
give back to his community and create a career path for his children.
　　Wagener started 　14　 an ice cream truck in April 2021.He bought
the used vehicle in January， and soon， a（n） 　15　 was born.Two
of his children 　16　 on the truck.Son Josh and daughter Mary Kate
were both born with Down syndrome （唐氏綜合征）， and Wagener
quickly 　17　 that the truck offered a 　18　 to them as they neared the
end of the school system.
　　“At every stage， with special needs kids， you look towards the
future and what’s their 　19　 going to be like in the next phase，”
Wagener explained.“It also becomes more of a（n） 　20　 for us as
parents to say ‘What can we do to help them add some 　21　 to
society？’ That’s very important to us.”
　　Now， Mary Kate and Josh are having a great time 　22　 with their
dad to sell what they call the best ice cream in America.Wagener said that
working alongside his children on the truck has been “the
greatest 　23　”.
　　Since the start of April， the family has sold more than 10，000
delicious treats in the Cincinnati area.Wagener is 　24　 to expand the
business and help even more children with special needs while 　25　 his
mission to help his children.
　　“As a parent， you have 　26　，” Wagener said.“I don’t
know whether they will be totally 　27　.But we hope to 　28　 them in
that direction.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。爸爸帶著兩個患有唐氏綜合征的孩
子在卡車上賣冰激凌，為他們開創一條就業道路。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。爸爸帶著兩個患有唐氏綜合征的孩
子在卡車上賣冰激凌，為他們開創一條就業道路。
14. A. operating B. driving
C. repairing D. testing
解析：　根據上段中的Dad Joel Wagener is using his newly-
founded ice cream business可知，Wagener在2021年4月開始在
卡車上售賣冰激凌。他在1月買了這輛舊卡車， 不久他的生意
就開張了。
15. A. star B. tradition
C. idea D. business
解析：　參見上題解析。
16. A. spoke up B. cleaned up
C. helped out D. checked out
解析：　根據上段中的create a career path for his children可知，
Wagener用卡車售賣冰激凌，意在為他的孩子們開創一條就業道
路。由此可推斷，他的兩個孩子在卡車上幫忙。這兩個孩子都天
生患有唐氏綜合征，Wagener很快意識到這輛卡車能為他們解決未
來的就業問題。
17. A. admitted B. realized
C. decided D. explained
解析：　參見上題解析。
18. A. future B. treatment
C. deal D. trip
解析：　參見16題解析。
19. A. society B. family
C. life D. action
解析：　根據本空前的At every stage， with special needs kids，
you look towards the future可知，在照顧有特殊需求的孩子的每個
階段，你都要往前看，想想下一階段他們的生活會是什么樣子。
20. A. achievement B. encouragement
C. opportunity D. responsibility
解析：　根據本段中的as parents、What can we do to help them
add some 　21　 to society？和倒數第二段中的his mission to help
his children可知，Wagener認為作為父母，他們也有更大的責任關
注這兩個孩子的未來，思考“我們能做些什么來幫助他們為社會
貢獻一些價值？”
21. A. luck B. value C. fun D. power
解析：　參見上題解析。
22. A. competing B. playing
C. working D. sharing
解析：　根據下文的working alongside his children on the
truck可知，Mary Kate和Josh很高興與爸爸一起在卡車上工
作，賣冰激凌。
23. A. joy B. risk C. need D. example
解析：　根據本段中的Mary Kate and Josh are having a great
time 　22　 with their dad可知，Wagener和孩子們彼此都喜歡對方
的陪伴，Wagener說和孩子們一起工作是最大的快樂。
24. A. happening B. hoping
C. waiting D. hesitating
解析：　根據本段第一句可知，Wagener開業后賣了一萬多個冰
激凌，他期望擴大生意，在繼續幫助自己的孩子的同時也幫助更
多有特殊需求的孩子。
25. A. changing B. planning
C. supporting D. continuing
解析：　參見上題解析。
26. A. desires B. fears
C. successes D. challenges
解析：　根據本段最后一句But we hope to 　28　 them in that
direction.可知，Wagener說，作為父母，我們是有愿望的。
27. A. reasonable B. normal
C. independent D. correct
解析：　根據第一段中的create a career path for his children可
知，Wagener幫助孩子們開創一條就業道路，他不知道他們是否能
夠完全獨立，但是他希望推動他們朝這個方向發展。
28. A. control B. move
C. return D. protect
解析：　參見上題解析。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　In 1938， a British engineer and amateur meteorologist （業余的氣
象學家） made a discovery 29. 　　　　　　 set off a public discussion
on climate change.
　　Scientists had known for many years that carbon dioxide could trap
（吸收） heat and warm 30. 　　　　　　 planet.But Guy Callendar
was the first 31. 　　　　　　 （connect） human activities to global
warming.
　　He showed that land temperatures 32. 　　　　　　 （increase）
over the previous half-century， and he theorized that people were raising
Earth’s temperature by 33. 　　　　　　 （burn） fossil fuels in
fireplaces， 34. 　　　　　　 （factory） and even his beloved
motorcycles.
　　When Callendar published his findings， many scientists saw
35. 　　　　　　 （he） as an outsider.But he was right.His theory
became 36. 　　　　　　 （common） known as “the Callendar
Effect”.Today， it’s known as global warming.
　　A theoretical basis for climate change had been developed over the
114 years leading up to Callendar’s research.Scientists including Joseph
Fourier， Eunice Newton Foote， John Tyndall 37. 　　　　　　 Svante
Arrhenius had developed an understanding of how water vapor （水蒸
氣） in the air trapped heat， noted that carbon dioxide also trapped large
amounts of heat and thought about how 38. 　　　　　　 （grow）
fossil fuel use could raise the Earth’s temperature and change the
climate.However， these scientists spoke only of future
possibilities.Callendar showed global warming was already happening.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。1938年，英國工程師蓋伊·卡倫德
首次提出“全球變暖”的觀點，并將人類活動與全球變暖聯系起
來。
29. that/which　考查關系代詞。設空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先
行詞discovery，且在從句中作主語。故填that/which。
30. the　考查冠詞。the planet特指“地球”。
31. to connect　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作后置定語修飾the first。the
first to do sth第一個做某事的人。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。1938年，英國工程師蓋伊·卡倫德
首次提出“全球變暖”的觀點，并將人類活動與全球變暖聯系起來。
32. had increased　考查動詞的時態。根據語境和時間狀語over the
previous half-century可知，increase所表示的動作發生在“過去的過
去”，應用過去完成時。故填had increased。
33. burning　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作介詞by的賓語，且people與
burn之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。故填burning。
34. factories　考查名詞復數。factory意為“工廠”，是可數名詞，設
空處表示泛指。故填其復數形式factories。
35. him　考查代詞。設空處作saw的賓語，表示“他”，應用賓格。
故填him。
monly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語，修飾known，應用副
詞。故填commonly。
37. and　考查連詞。根據語境可知，Joseph Fourier、Eunice Newton
Foote、John Tyndall和Svante Arrhenius這四位科學家之間是并列關
系。故填連詞and。
38. growing　考查詞形轉換。根據語境可知，設空處作定語，修飾名
詞詞組fossil fuel use，意為“越來越多的”。故填growing。
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