資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1.He had i　　　　　　 to come to your birthday party， but his mother got ill that day.
2.The sports meeting has already been p　　　　 three times because of bad weather.
3.Many people do not like the idea of e　　　　　　 on animals.
4.The boss of the restaurant agreed to employ me for a t　　　　　　 period of two months.
5.As is known to all， Guangdong is an important p　　　　　　 of South China.
6.A survey 　　　　　　（進行） by a famous scientist showed that sitting too long contributes to heart disease.
7.The money she has saved is 　　　　　?。ㄗ銐颍?for buying a big apartment for her family.
8.We are 　　　　　　（圍繞） by a natural playground just perfect for walking， caving， climbing and cycling.
9.He wants to buy the books in quantity， so the storekeeper will not 　　　　　　（收費） him much.
10.People were frightened when a 　　　　　?。ㄖ旅模?disease called cholera broke out in the town.
維度二：詞形轉換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1.The man went abroad with the 　　　　　?。╥ntend） of trying his fortune， but failed at last.
2.For some students studying abroad， cooking is an essential 　　　　　?。╯urvive） skill.
3.Her menu was so 　　　　　?。╨imit） that few customers came to her restaurant.
4.Both sides agreed that our cooperation will be mutually 　　　　　?。╞enefit） and will help keep regional peace.
5.The statistics are a clear 　　　　　?。╥llustrate） of the point I am trying to make.
6.When I was confused about my life， I was impressed with the 　　　　　?。╳ise） of my grandfather’s words.
7.Place them in a jam jar， porcelain bowl， or other similar 　　　　　?。╟ontain）.
8.It is said that the cobra （眼鏡蛇） is one of the world’s 　　　　　?。╠ead） snakes.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1.在我看來，是他堅定的決心改變了一切。（強調句）
As far as I’m concerned， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.如果沒有電，今天的生活將會十分不同。（含蓄虛擬條件句）
　　　　　　　　　　， life 　　　　　　　　quite different today.
3.學習查詞典是小學生必須掌握的一項技能。（refer to）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is a skill that must be mastered by pupils.
4.她是在奧運會上第一位獲得金牌的女性運動員。（the＋序數詞＋名詞＋to do ...）
She was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
5.他躺在那兒，放松得連書都不看。（動詞-ed形式短語作狀語）
He lay there， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
　　Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1.　　　　　　 （receive） a Nobel Prize， awarded for her 2.　　　　　　 （contribute） to the fight against malaria.In 1969 Tu became head of a team intending 3.　　　　　　 （find） a cure for malaria.When they failed， Tu didn’t give up.4.　　　　　　 （inspire） by an over 1，600-year-old text， Tu redesigned the experiments.After 190 failures， she succeeded 5.　　　　　　 making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.When there was no research 6.　　　　　　 （equip）， they had to extract herbs using household water 7.　　　　　　 （contain）.They volunteered to test it on themselves to test their results.Their efforts finally paid 8.　　　　　　.Qinghaosu has since been 9.　　　　　　 （benefit） to many people.In Tu’s Nobel Lecture， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine， 10.　　　　　　 will benefit global health care.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　At 1：43 a.m.， Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who， revealing the significant news， told her， “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.”
　　Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle， the first person Bertozzi called was her father， William Bertozzi， a retired physics professor from MIT.“He’s 91 and， of course， he was just overjoyed，” said Bertozzi.“And then he called my sisters for me.One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
　　Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of biorthogonal chemistry （生物正交化學）， a set of chemical reactions that allow researchers to study molecules （分子） and their interactions in living things without involving natural biological processes.Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of sugars in biology， to solve practical problems， like developing better tests for infectious diseases， and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors （腫瘤）.
　　“I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry，” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne.“In pioneering the field of biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes， one that has helped scientists around the world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems.Being a crown jewel in chemistry， her work has had an outstanding real-world impact.The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules， to develop new cancer medicines， and to produce new materials for energy storage， among many other applications.”
　　“They call and I’m not even awake ...Starbucks isn’t even open yet，” she exclaimed while in her pajamas at her kitchen table.By 3 a.m.， Bertozzi had nearly three dozen voicemails.“This is how it’s going to be all day.This is insane，” she said.“Maybe I should cancel meetings.”
　　Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her messages， Bertozzi said， “My family has already booked their flights to Stockholm.It’s amazing.Go back to sleep！”
1.Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight？（　?。?br/>A.To warn her of some emergency. B.To inform her of winning the prize.
C.To prepare for a meeting. D.To collect things to visit her relatives.
2.What does Bertozzi’s lab use the new methods to do？（　?。?br/>A.Develop a new drug for cancer. B.Produce more nutritious sugars.
C.Separate biology from chemistry. D.Find cures for infectious diseases.
3.What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in Paragraph 4 refer to？（　?。?br/>A.The king’s treasure. B.The universal focus.
C.The most complex part. D.The most valuable breakthrough.
4.What kind of person is Bertozzi？（　?。?br/>A.Courageous and quiet. B.Creative and generous.
C.Wise and hard-working. D.Pioneering and humorous.
B
　　Sofia Kovalevskaya was born in Moscow， Russia， in 1850.As a young child， Kovalevskaya was attracted to the unusual wallpaper on the wall of a room in the family house： the lecture notes of Mikhail Ostrogradsky on differential and integral calculus （微積分）.
　　Although her father provided her with private teachers， he would not allow her to study abroad for further education， and Russian universities would not then admit women.Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her studies in mathematics， so she found a solution： to get married to a young student， Vladimir Kovalevsky.This allowed her to leave Russia and continue her studies.
　　The pair traveled together to Austria and then to Germany， where in 1869 Kovalevskaya studied at Heidelberg University.The following year she moved to Berlin to study with Karl Weierstrass privately， as the university in Berlin would not allow any women to attend classes.In 1874， she presented three papers to the University of Gottingen and was awarded a doctoral degree.Her paper on partial differential equations （偏微分方程） won her valuable recognition within the European mathematical community.
　　Having received her degree， she returned to Russia with her husband.However， they were unable to find the academic positions they desired.So Kovalevskaya returned to Berlin.In 1883， she became a lecturer in mathematics at Stockholm University.
　　In 1888 she was awarded the Prix Bordin of the French Academy of Sciences for research now called the Kovalevskaya Top.She also won a prize from the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1889， and that same year was appointed （任命） to a chair at the university — the first woman appointed to a chair at a modern European university.She was also elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences as a member that same year.
　　Kovalevskaya was also known as a writer and a supporter of women’s rights.She composed novels， plays， and essays， including the autobiographical novel A Russian Childhood and Nihilist Girl， a story of her life in Russia.
5.What can be learned about young Kovalevskaya？（　?。?br/>A.She received public education. B.She was addicted to mathematics.
C.She showed interest in wallpaper. D.She had no support from her father.
6.What happened to Kovalevskaya in the 1870s？（　?。?br/>A.She got married to a young student.
B.She was noted in the academic world.
C.She studied at Heidelberg University.
D.She worked with Karl Weierstrass in Berlin.
7.What does Paragraph 5 mainly say about Kovalevskaya？（　?。?br/>A.Her goal.　　　　　 B.Her research.
C.Her problems. D.Her achievements.
8.Which of the following can best describe Kovalevskaya？（　?。?br/>A.Creative and generous. B.Patient and productive.
C.Positive and considerate. D.Talented and determined.
C
　　Role models are important for inspiring scientists， but new research suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
　　In a series of studies， researchers found that young people were more motivated by scientists whose success was connected with efforts than those whose success was because of natural intelligence， even if that scientist was Albert Einstein.
　　Danfei Hu， a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University， and Janet N.Ann， an assistant professor of psychology at William Paterson University， said the findings — recently published in Basic and Applied Social Psychology — will help deal with the certain secret about what it takes to succeed in science.
　　According to the researchers， there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college.To help solve the problem， Hu and Ann wanted to research role models， who give the students specific goals， behaviour or strategies they can follow.
　　The researchers performed studies with 176 and 162 participants in each study respectively.In the first study， all participants read the same story about common struggles a scientist met in his science career.However， half were told the story was about Einstein， while half were told it was about Thomas Edison.Although the stories are the same， participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason for Einstein’s success.In addition， the participants who believed the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.
　　“This proved that people generally seem to view Einstein as a genius， with his success commonly linked to extraordinary talent，” Hu said.“Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than 1，000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is linked to his efforts.” Hu added， “Knowing that something great can be achieved through hard work and efforts， more students will step into the science career confidently.”
9.What kind of scientist is more encouraging？（　　）
A.Those who are famous around the world.
B.Those who are famous for their hard work.
C.Those who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
D.Those who are viewed as great inventors.
10.What is the concern in the science community？（　?。?br/>A.Fewer students will work on science.
B.The students will drop out of school soon.
C.There are fewer role models for students to follow.
D.Some scientists cannot give students specific goals.
11.Why were some participants motivated to complete a series of maths problems？（　?。?br/>A.They knew the problems were given by Edison.
B.They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein.
C.They believed they could solve the problems by working hard.
D.They knew they were to work together with Einstein and Edison.
12.What is the best title for the text？ （　?。?br/>A.Einstein’s Success Story B.Edison’s Achievements Are Greater
C.How to Be a Great Scientist D.Einstein Is Less Encouraging than Edison
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Qualities of a Good Scientist
　　The qualities of a good scientist may vary to some extent with different specialties.But， every scientist needs to have a good foundation in science classes throughout high school and college， along with a good understanding of math.13.（　　）.
　　 Two of the most common characteristics of scientists are curiosity and patience.14.（　?。?， and they want to learn what makes everything work.Their curiosity keeps them going， heading to the next project and the next experiment.They must also have the patience to experience the years of work that might be required to make a discovery in a scientific field.A sense of optimism keeps a scientist performing experiment after experiment， even if most of them fail.15.（　?。?They require patience to repeat experiments many times to prove results.
　　 16.（　?。?， noticing even tiny observations and remembering and recording them.Their minds tend to be analytical （分析的）， and they can collect and store data in an efficient way so it can be recalled later.They usually have facts and guesses from several fields and experiments so that they can be put together in different combinations （組合） to answer questions or provide direction for research.
　　 Being open-minded is important for successful people in science careers.A good scientist will accept whatever result his or her work has.A scientist will also not give wrong results or shade an experiment to get the expected outcome.17.（　?。?even when they have different opinions from his or her own.
A.Scientists can help and support one another
B.He or she will accept the solutions of others
C.Scientists need to pay more attention to details
D.Scientists are curious about the world around them
E.They build on the work of scientists from past generations
F.These basic classes give you a good start toward a career in science
G.Scientists know that failed experiments provide answers as often as successful ones do
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.intended　2.postponed　3.experiments　4.trial
5.province　6.conducted　7.sufficient　8.surrounded
9.charge　10.deadly
維度二
1.intention　2.survival　3.limited　4.beneficial
5.illustration　6.wisdom　7.containers　8.deadliest
維度三
1.it was his strong determination that made a difference
2.Without electricity； would be
3.Learning to refer to a dictionary
4.the first female athlete to win
5.too relaxed even to read a book
維度四
1.to receive　2.contribution　3.to find　4.Inspired　5.in　6.equipment　7.containers　8.off　9.beneficial　10.which
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。凌晨，Bertozzi接到電話被告知獲得了諾貝爾獎。文章介紹了她研究的內容，斯坦福大學校長對她的評價以及她接受采訪時的情景。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第一段和下文內容可知，凌晨1點43分，Bertozzi被諾貝爾委員會代表的電話吵醒，這個電話通知Bertozzi獲獎了。
2.A　細節理解題。根據第三段中的Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of sugars in biology， to solve practical problems可知，Bertozzi的實驗室運用這些新方法來開發一種治療癌癥的新藥。
3.D　詞義猜測題。根據第四段最后一句描述研究成果的后續使用方向可推知，她的發現非常有價值。由此可知，畫線部分所在句子意為“作為化學界最有價值的突破，她的工作在現實世界中產生了顯著的影響”，a crown jewel意為“最有價值的突破”。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段中Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of biorthogonal chemistry可知，Bertozzi因創立生物正交化學領域而受到認可；根據第四段中In pioneering the field of biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes可知，Bertozzi發明了一種研究生物分子過程的新方法，由此推知Bertozzi是有開拓性的；根據第五段對Bertozzi的采訪及最后一段中“My family has ...Go back to sleep！”可知，她是幽默的。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了俄國數學家Sofia Kovalevskaya。
5.B　細節理解題。根據第一段第二句和第二段中Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her studies in mathematics可知，小時候的Kovalevskaya癡迷于學習數學。
6.B　細節理解題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，在1874年，Kovalevskaya關于偏微分方程的論文使她獲得了歐洲數學界的認可。
7.D　段落大意題。根據第五段內容可知，本段主要介紹了Kovalevskaya所獲得的獎項及榮譽，即主要介紹了她的成就。本段中的chair意為“大學教授的職位”。
8.D　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，Kovalevskaya不僅極具天賦，而且在追求數學的道路上意志堅定，不畏困難、不懼挑戰，最終取得成功。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述了依靠勤奮和努力而成功的科學家比天生才華橫溢的科學家更能鼓舞人心。
9.B　細節理解題。根據第一段中的but new research suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant可知，那些以勤奮努力而聞名的科學家比那些天生才華橫溢的科學家更能激勵人心。
10.A　細節理解題。根據第四段中的there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college可知，很多在校期間追求科學事業的學生在大學畢業后就放棄了從事與科學相關的事業，也就是說從事科學事業的學生會更少，而這正是科學界所擔憂的事情。
11.C　推理判斷題。根據第五段第一句可知，參與者完成一系列的數學題是受到愛迪生的故事的鼓舞；再根據最后一段中的關鍵句Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than 1，000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is linked to his efforts.可知，愛迪生在嘗試發明燈泡時失敗了1000多次，他的成功與他的努力有關。綜合得知，這些受到愛迪生故事鼓舞的參與者相信通過努力和勤奮可以解決問題，所以他們才有動力去完成一系列數學題。
12.D　標題歸納題。第一段點明本文主旨，再結合下文內容可知，本文主要闡述的是那些以勤奮努力而聞名的科學家比那些天生才華橫溢的科學家更能激勵人心。D項中的Einstein代指天生才華橫溢的科學家，Edison代指以勤奮努力而聞名的科學家，即“天生才華橫溢的科學家不如以勤奮努力而聞名的科學家鼓舞人心”，因此，D項最能概括文章主旨，適合作文章標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了好科學家應該具備的一些品質。
13.F　上文指出一位好科學家的品質可能因為專業不同而在某種程度上有所不同，但每一位科學家都需要在高中和大學的科學課上打好基礎，同時對數學有好的領悟力。由此可知，打好科學基礎對從事科學事業的人來說很重要。F項中的These basic classes指代上文中的science classes。
14.D　本段指出科學家最普遍的兩個品質是有好奇心和耐心。根據空后的they want to learn what makes everything work可知，科學家對他們周圍的世界很好奇。D項中的curious與上文中的curiosity是原詞復現關系，空后的they指代D項中的Scientists。
15.G　上文指出即使大多數實驗都失敗了，樂觀主義也能讓科學家不斷地進行實驗，下文指出科學家要有耐心多次重做實驗以證明結果。由此可知，空處應該與失敗的實驗給科學家帶來的好處相關。G項中的failed experiments呼應上文中的experiment after experiment和most of them fail。
16.C　根據本空后的noticing even tiny observations and remembering and recording them可知，科學家需要更多地關注細節。C項中的details呼應下文中的tiny observations。
17.B　本段指出科學家需要具備的另外一個品質——有包容的心態，愿意接受不同的意見。B項中的He or she指代上文中的A good scientist，且accept與上文中的accept是原詞復現關系。shade此處作動詞，意為“隱瞞，掩飾”。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
　　 By Dina Conner
　　 11 December 2015
　　[1]Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic① of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria②， one of the deadliest③ diseases in human history.Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu， malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival④.
　　[1]動詞不定式短語to receive a Nobel Prize作scientist 的后置定語；動詞-ed形式短語awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria作a Nobel Prize的后置定語；one of the deadliest diseases in human history 為名詞短語作同位語，解釋說明malaria。
　　[2]Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province⑤， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.After graduation， she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine⑥.[3]She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine， acquiring a broad⑦ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
　　[2]Born in 1930 ...為形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語。
　　[3]句中動詞-ing形式短語acquiring a broad ...作結果狀語，acquire與其邏輯主語She之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。
　　Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful.In the 1960s， many people were dying of⑧ malaria， and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended⑨ to find a cure for the disease.She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts⑩ from different herbs .When they failed to produce any promising results， Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.[4]Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water， Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.[5]On 4 October 1971， after 190 failures ， she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
　　[4]動詞-ed形式短語Inspired by ...作原因狀語，相當于狀語從句Because she was inspired by ...。
　　[5]句中that could treat malaria in mice為that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞extract，且that在定語從句中作主語。
　　[6]However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited .Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem.When there was no research equipment， they had to extract herbs using household water containers .They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions， but they never gave up.
　　[6]句中it作形式主語，動詞不定式短語to produce ...trials是真正的主語；because引導原因狀語從句。
　　[7]Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced， however， they still faced another problem.[8]The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data .[9]To speed up the process and ensure its safety， Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
　　[7]句中with復合結構（with＋名詞＋動詞-ed形式）作狀語，produced表示被動和完成。
　　[8]介詞短語on patients作后置定語，because引導原因狀語從句。
　　[9]第一個動詞不定式短語To speed up the process and ensure its safety作目的狀語；第二個動詞不定式短語to test qinghao extract on themselves first作賓語。
　　The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off .In November 1972， through trial and error ， they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.As a key part of many malaria medicines， qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.More than 40 years after its discovery， Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.In her Nobel Lecture ， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.[10]Perhaps the next generation of scientists， drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine， will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care .
　　[10]句中動詞-ing形式短語drawing on ...medicine作定語，修飾名詞scientists，相當于一個非限制性定語從句who draw on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine。
【讀文清障】
①republic n.共和國，共和政體
the People’s Republic of China （PRC） 中華人民共和國
②malaria n.瘧疾
malaria medicines 瘧疾藥物
malaria patients 瘧疾患者
③deadly adj.致命的；十足的，徹底的
the deadliest disease 最致命的疾病
④survival n.生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物
survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于難
survivor n.幸存者
⑤province n.省，省份
Zhejiang Province 浙江省
⑥traditional Chinese medicine傳統中醫
traditional Chinese medical recipes傳統中藥配方
Western medicine 西醫
⑦broad adj.廣泛的；寬闊的，廣闊的；概括的；開闊的
broadly adv.大體上；基本上
⑧die of死于……（常指死于疾病、寒冷等內因）
die from 死于……（常指死于災禍、暴力等外因）
⑨intend vt.& vi.想要，計劃；意指
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intention n.打算；計劃；目的；意圖
⑩extract n.提取物；選錄 vt.提??；選錄；取出；設法得到
make hundreds of extracts 獲取數百種提取物
make qinghao extract 獲取青蒿提取物
herb n.藥草，香草；草本
refer to 查閱，參考；提到，談及
[拓展] “查詞典”的表達法：
refer to the dictionary
look up a word in the dictionary
consult the dictionary
experiment n.實驗，試驗；嘗試，實踐
vi.做試驗，進行實驗；嘗試
redesign the experiments
重新設計實驗
failure n.[U] 失?。籟C] 失敗的人或事物
success n.[U] 成功，成名；[C] 成功的人或事物
succeed in doing sth 成功地做成某事
trial n.試用，試驗；審訊，審判；考驗
　　vi.& vt.測試，試驗
large trials 大規模試驗
on trial 試用；受審
limited adj.有限的
limit n.限制；極限；界限 vt.限制
household adj.家庭的，家用的，家務的
　　　　 　n.一家人，家庭
container n.容器；集裝箱，貨柜
household water containers
家用的盛水容器
large amounts of （＋不可數名詞） 許多，大量的
[同義] a large amount of （＋不可數名詞）
a great deal of （＋不可數名詞）
postpone vt.延遲，延期
sufficient adj.足夠的，充足的
[同義] adequate， enough， abundant
data n.數據，資料，材料
safety data 安全數據
speed up （使）加速
at a speed of ... 以……的速度
test sth on sb 在某人身上實驗某物
pay off 成功，奏效，達到目的
[同義] make it
error n.錯誤，差錯
through trial and error 反復試驗
be awarded a Nobel Prize 獲得諾貝爾獎
Nobel Lecture 諾貝爾獲獎演講
further explore the treasure house 進一步探索寶庫
wisdom n.智慧，知識，學問；才智；明智
draw on the wisdom 借鑒智慧
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
be beneficial to 對……有益
global health care 全球醫療
【參考譯文】
中國科學家榮獲2015年諾貝爾獎
迪娜·康納
　　 2015年12月11日
　　屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學家。她獲獎是因為她在抗擊瘧疾中做出的貢獻，瘧疾是人類歷史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她發現的青蒿素，如今全世界瘧疾患者的存活率大大提高。
　　1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江寧波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京讀大學，學習藥學。畢業后，她在中醫研究院工作。她完成了中醫領域的培訓課程深造，獲得了廣泛的中西醫知識。
　　屠呦呦接受的教育很快被證明非常有用。20世紀60年代，許多人死于瘧疾。1969年屠呦呦擔任了一個課題組的組長，這個課題組計劃找到該疾病的治療方法。她收集了2000多種治療瘧疾的中藥配方，并從不同的草藥中獲取了數百種提取物。當它們未能產生預期效果時，屠呦呦再次查閱歷代中醫典籍。據一本1600多年前的古籍記載，古人通過冷水制備青蒿提取物，受此啟發，屠呦呦重新設計了這個試驗，為了不破壞其（抗瘧的）有效成分，她嘗試在低溫下提取青蒿。1971年10月4日， 在歷經190次失敗之后，她成功制備出可以治療老鼠瘧疾的青蒿提取物。
　　然而，由于研究資源有限，很難制造出足夠的青蒿提取物用于大規模試驗。屠呦呦團隊成功找到了解決這個問題的方法。當時沒有研究設備，他們只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。他們夜以繼日地工作，由于條件惡劣，他們的健康開始受損，但卻從未放棄。
　　然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他們仍然面臨著另外一個問題。因為他們沒有充足的安全數據，在病人身上進行試驗有可能推遲。為了加快進度并保證其安全性，屠呦呦和她的團隊自愿先在他們自己身上試驗青蒿提取物。
　　屠呦呦和其團隊的努力終于有了回報。1972年11月，經過反復試驗，他們成功發現了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作為許多抗瘧藥物中的關鍵成分，青蒿素迄今已經造福了近2億瘧疾患者。在發現青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦終于因此獲得了諾貝爾獎。在她的獲獎演講上，屠呦呦鼓勵科學家們進一步探索中醫這座寶庫，并讓其更上一層樓。也許下一代的科學家借鑒中醫的智慧，確實會發現更多有益于全球醫療的藥物。
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What was the proper description about malaria？（　?。?br/>A.A disease which infects plants.
B.A deadly disease of its day.
C.A disease which infects animals.
D.A disease which can be cured easily.
2.What is qinghaosu？（　?。?br/>A.A key part of many malaria medicines.
B.A key part of many medicines for cancer.
C.A key part of many medicines for heart disease.
D.A key part of many medicines for cholera.
3.Why did they lack qinghao extract for large trials？ （　?。?br/>A.Because Tu Youyou and her team lacked experience.
B.Because research resources were in short supply.
C.Because there was no good laboratory for experimenting.
D.Because they had no support from the government and their families.
4.What’s the meaning of “speed up” in Paragraph 5？（　?。?br/>A.Pull up.　　　　　 B.Turn up.
C.Hurry up. D.Hold up.
5.What can we learn about Tu Youyou from Paragraph 6？（　　）
A.She doesn’t continue to conduct research today.
B.She made traditional Chinese medicine spread.
C.She did not have sufficient data to start trials on patients.
D.She encouraged scientists to further explore traditional Chinese medicine.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1.詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
在形容詞、名詞或動詞后加某些后綴可以構成抽象名詞。這篇新聞報道中就運用了很多這樣的抽象名詞，請找出來并試著再想出一些分別寫在下面的表格中。
詞性 后綴 名詞
形容詞 -dom
-ness
動詞 -al
-ance
-ure
形容詞/動詞/名詞 -age
2.美文欣賞——賞美文，學寫法
該語篇的體裁屬于新聞報道，這種文體時效性強。與一般人物描寫類文章不同的是，新聞報道中的人物描寫強調以客觀事實說話，盡量不加入報道者的情感，但讀者能夠通過語篇內容了解人物品質。下面結合課文分析和品悟一下新聞報道類語篇的特點。
（1）語篇內容客觀、準確，使用具體數據來說明屠呦呦及其團隊的科學研究過程的艱辛。如課文第三段中出現的數據She collected over 　　　　　　traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made 　　　　　　extracts from different herbs.和Inspired by an over 　　　　　　text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water， Tu redesigned the experiments ...就體現了新聞報道的準確性和真實性。
（2）新聞報道的語言具有言簡意賅的特點。 文章開頭用一句話（新聞導語）Tu Youyou has become 　　　　　　　　　　　　scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria， 　　　　　　　　　　　in human history.介紹了屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾獎的事實、她的突出貢獻以及瘧疾這種疾病，具有高度“概括性”。
（3）從故事層面來看，本文注重通過描述人物的具體事跡，包括引用人物語言來刻畫人物形象。這些語言特點能加深讀者對屠呦呦獲諾貝爾獎這一新聞事件以及對屠呦呦這一人物的認知。課文第三段中的On 4 October 1971， after 　　　　　　　　　　　　， she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.和第四段中的They worked 　　　　　　　　and their health 　　　　　　　　　　　　because of the poor conditions， but they 　　　　　　　　　　.等表達成功地塑造出一個齊心協力、永不言棄的團隊形象。
（4）從敘事結構層面來看，語篇首先報道發生的重大新聞事件，與標題呼應，然后再詳細報道其他相關的重要信息，如人物生平、事件發生的過程等。語篇以　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　為標題，向讀者報道了這一重要消息，并介紹了屠呦呦的生平經歷和她帶領團隊為治療瘧疾發現并提取青蒿素的過程，給讀者提供了比簡單的新聞播報更為詳細的信息。
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
survival n.生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物
【教材原句】　Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu， malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
得益于她發現的青蒿素，如今全世界瘧疾患者的存活率大大提高。
【用法】
（1）survive vt.　　 幸存，幸免于難 　 　　vi. 生存，存活 survive sth 幸免于；從……中挺過來/活過來 survive on 依靠……生存下來 survive from 從……存活下來/流傳下來 A survive B （by ...） A比B活得長（……） （2）survivor n. 幸存者
【佳句】　The wedding ceremony is a survival from ancient times.
這種結婚儀式是從遠古時期流傳下來的。
【點津】　survive 表示“生存，存活”時是不及物動詞。表示“幸存，幸免于難”時是及物動詞，后面不需要加介詞in或from。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Some strange customs have survived 　　　　　　earlier times.
②As far as I know， the old lady survived her husband 　　　　　　5 years.
③Millions of people survive 　　　　　　a very limited diet.
④He was the only one 　　　　　?。╯urvive） of the crash.
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤After she had survived that night， she was confident that everything else would be all right.
→　　　　　　　　　　， she was confident that everything else would be all right.（動詞-ing形式短語作狀語）
intend vt.& vi.想要，計劃；意指
【教材原句】　In the 1960s， many people were dying of malaria， and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.20世紀60年代，許多人死于瘧疾。1969年屠呦呦擔任了一個課題組的組長，這個課題組計劃找到該疾病的治療方法。
【用法】
（1）intend to do/doing sth　打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算讓某人做某事 had intended to do sth 本打算做某事 （2）intended adj. 打算的；設計的 be intended for ... 為……打算/設計的 （3）intention n. 意圖，目的；企圖 with the intention of 有……的打算/目的 have no intention of doing sth＝have no intention to do sth 無意做某事
【佳句】　Originally， we had intended to go to Italy， but then we won the trip to Greece.
起初，我們打算去意大利，但后來獲得去希臘的機會。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Yesterday I found a book in the bookstore by chance which 　　　　　　　?。╥ntend） for bird lovers.
②I don’t intend anyone 　　　　　　　?。╯ee） the painting until it is finished.
③Everything they do is intended 　　　　　?。╥mprove） the living standards.
④This programme was set up with the 　　　　　　　　　（intend） of providing help for homeless people.
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤Peter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， but something changed his mind.（intend）彼得本來打算去澳大利亞，但有些事使他改變了主意。
refer to 查閱，參考；提到，談及
【教材原句】　When they failed to produce any promising results， Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
當它們未能產生預期效果時，屠呦呦再次查閱歷代中醫典籍。
【用法】
（1）refer v.　　　　　 提到；參考；查閱 refer to ...as ... 把……稱作…… refer ...to ... 把……提交給…… （2）reference n. 談及，提到；參考，查閱 reference to ... 談及，提到…… in/with reference to 關于 reference books 參考書
【佳句】　When I am faced with a difficulty， I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages.
當我面對困難時，我常常選擇參考相關學習資料或網頁。
【點津】?。?）refer的過去式、過去分詞、現在分詞分別為referred、 referred、 referring，類似的詞還有prefer。
（2）refer to和look up都可以表示“查閱；參考”，但二者是有區別的：refer to后接所查的工具書或資料，如詞典、筆記、參考書等；look up后接word、phrase等需要查找的對象。
【練透】　品句猜詞/單句語法填空
①The professor referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. 　　　　　
②If you meet with the characters you don’t know， I strongly suggest that you should refer to reference books or turn to others for help. 　　　　　
③He made no 　　　　　　（refer） to his illness but only to his future plans.
④The question referred 　　　　　　at the meeting is hard to answer.
⑤I have nothing to say 　　　　　　reference to that case.
⑥The scientist referred to the discovery 　　　　　　the most exciting new development in this field.
【寫美】　完成句子
⑦The custom may date back to the Tang Dynasty； for more detailed information， please 　　　　　　　　　　.
這種風俗可能追溯到唐朝，想要了解更多詳細的信息，請查閱這本書。
limited adj.有限的
【教材原句】　However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而，由于研究資源有限，很難制造出足夠的青蒿提取物用于大規模試驗。
【用法】
（1）be limited to　　 局限于…… （2）limit vt. 限制；限定 n.[C] 限度，限制 limit ...to ... 把……限制在……范圍內 there is a limit to ... ……是有限度的 （3）limitless adj. 無限制的，無止境的 limitation n. 限制；局限 unlimited adj. 無限制的
【佳句】　As we all know， a person’s life is limited， but knowledge is limitless/unlimited.
眾所周知，人的生命是有限的，而知識是無限的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Families 　　　　　　　?。╨imit） to three free tickets each.
②The teacher limited his students 　　　　　500 words for their compositions.
③There is 　　　　　　limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
④We are doing our best with the 　　　　　（limit）resources available.
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤Besides， essays are supposed to 　　　　　　　　　　　　and written in English only.
此外，文章應限制在800詞以內，且只能用英文撰寫。
speed up （使）加速
【教材原句】　To speed up the process and ensure its safety， Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
為了加快進度并保證其安全性，屠呦呦和她的團隊自愿先在他們自己身上試驗青蒿提取物。
【用法】
at a high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of ... 以……的速度 with great/full speed　　以很快的速度/全速 pick up speed 加速 slow speed 減速
【佳句】　Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly.
現代發明大大加快了人們的生活節奏。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience， especially if you are travelling 　　　　　　a high speed.
②This flight is now heading for Paris at a speed 　　　　1，000 kilometres an hour.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③充足的新鮮空氣和鍛煉將會加速他的康復。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
pay off 成功，奏效，達到目的；償清
【教材原句】　The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
屠呦呦和其團隊的努力終于有了回報。
【用法】
pay back 　　　 償還（欠款）；報復；回報 pay for sth 付某物的錢；為某事付出代價 pay sb for sth 因某物給某人報酬 pay a visit to 參觀，拜訪 pay attention to 注意；留心
【佳句】　It will take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.
那筆貸款將需要他的余生才能還清。
【點津】　pay作及物動詞時，后面可直接接賓語，但一般是表示錢、賬單或人的詞。如果要表示為某事或某物付錢時，需要用介詞for或者是帶to的動詞不定式來引導。
【練透】　用pay的相關短語填空
①At last I 　　　　　　　　all the money I borrowed from him.
②Will you please 　　　　　　　　　　Tianjin once more so that we may meet again？
③I’d also like to know how much I have to 　　　　　　　　the course and whether accommodation is included.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④他們的努力最終有了回報。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
【教材原句】　Perhaps the next generation of scientists， drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine， will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
也許下一代的科學家借鑒中醫的智慧，確實會發現更多有益于全球醫療的藥物。
【用法】
（1）be beneficial to ...＝be of benefit to ... 對……有益；有益于（to為介詞） （2）benefit n.　　　　　益處 　　　vt. 使受益 　　　vi. 得益于 benefit from/by ... 從……中受益；得益于…… （3）for the benefit of＝for one’s benefit 為了……的利益
【佳句】　To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air.
在室內鍛煉不如在室外鍛煉更有益。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals 　　　　　　the benefit of all its citizens.
②Both sides have benefited 　　　　　　the agreement they made.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③據說瑜伽對人體健康有很大益處。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（benefit）
→ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?。╞eneficial）
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓
trial n.試用，試驗；審訊，審判；考驗 vi.& vt.測試，試驗
【教材原句】　However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而，由于研究資源有限，很難制造出足夠的青蒿提取物用于大規模試驗。
【用法】
through trial and error　 反復試驗 a trial period 試用期 clinical trial 臨床試驗 stand/go on trial 受到審判，受審 on trial 在試驗/測試/受審中
【佳句】　New cars have several severe trials before they are put on the market.
新汽車在投放市場前要經過多次嚴格的試驗。
【練透】　完成句子
①We have had the machine 　　　　　　　for a week.
這臺機器我們已經試用一個星期了。
②He will 　　　　　　　　　　for fraud.
他將因涉嫌詐騙而受審。
③Like many animals， people also learn to swim 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
像許多動物一樣，人也要通過反復試驗才能學會游泳。
container n.容器；集裝箱，貨柜
【教材原句】　When there was no research equipment， they had to extract herbs using household water containers.當時沒有研究設備，他們只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。
【用法】
contain vt.　　　包含；含有；容納；克制；抑制（強烈的感情等） contain oneself 克制自己
【佳句】　The container contains many kinds of fruits， including apples/apples included.
容器中盛著各種水果，其中包括蘋果。
【點津】?。?）contain指某容器中盛有某物、裝有某物。
（2）include表示把某事物作為其中的一部分包含在內，常構成分詞短語sth included或including sth。
【練透】　單句語法填空/選詞填空
①He was so excited that he could hardly contain 　　　　　?。╤e）.
②I don’t know how much oil is in this old 　　　　　?。╟ontain）.
③The girl went to pick up the bag 　　　　?。╟ontain） much money.
④Our school lecture hall 　　　　　　（contain） 1，000 people.
⑤Look！The box 　　　　　　a number of letters， which 　　　　　　those from his students.（contain/include）
Part Ⅲ　重點句型解構
句型公式：the＋序數詞＋名詞＋to do ...
【教材原句】　Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria， one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學家。她獲獎是因為她在抗擊瘧疾中做出的貢獻，瘧疾是人類歷史上最致命的疾病之一。
【用法】
（1）當中心詞是序數詞或被序數詞、形容詞最高級等修飾或其前有the next、 the only、 the last等限定時，常用動詞不定式作后置定語。 （2）動詞不定式作后置定語用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞，常見的詞有ability、 chance、 ambition、 offer、 anxiety、 answer、 reply、 attempt、 belief等。
【品悟】　He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
他總是一個吃苦在前，享樂在后的人。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表達思想的能力和思想本身一樣重要。
【寫美】　完成句子
①China has become 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the far side of the moon.
中國已經成為第一個將航天器降落在月球背面的國家。
②I believe that I have 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我相信我有能力做好這項具有挑戰性的工作。
③Practice is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
學好一門語言的唯一途徑就是實踐。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the top of the mountain can also receive a gift.
最后一個到達山頂的人也可以得到一個禮物。
句型公式：形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語
【教材原句】　Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.
1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江寧波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京讀大學，學習藥學。
【用法】
句中Born in 1930 ...是形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語。 （1）動詞-ed形式包括動作類和狀態類兩種形式，狀態類動詞-ed形式相當于形容詞。 （2）形容詞（短語）或形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語可以表示方式、原因或伴隨狀況等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗號與句子其他成分隔開。 （3）形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語時常用來表示主語的狀態和結果。如果用來修飾句子的謂語動詞或整個句子，則應用副詞形式。
【品悟】　Exhausted， I fell fast asleep.
由于太累了，我很快就睡著了。
Absorbed in writing a letter， he didn’t even look up when I came in.他在聚精會神地寫信，當我進來時他甚至都沒有抬頭。
【寫美】　完成句子/句式升級
①　　　　　　　　　　　　， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
托尼既驚訝又高興，站起來領獎。
②He spent three days in the wind and snow， 　　　　　　　　.
他又累又餓地在風雪中過了三天。
③　　　　　　　　， some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.
因嚴重受傷，其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的醫院。
④Because she was born into a poor family， Nadia had only two years of schooling.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Nadia had only two years of schooling.（動詞-ed形式作狀語）
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.her discovery of qinghaosu 　2.acquired a broad knowledge of　3.solved a lot of problems　4.paid off
第二步
1－5　BABCD
第三步
1.wisdom， freedom； effectiveness， usefulness， kindness， loneliness， happiness； survival， arrival， approval， proposal， refusal， removal； appearance， acceptance， performance， assistance； failure， pleasure， exposure， closure； shortage， marriage， passage， percentage
2.（1）2，000； hundreds of； 1，600-year-old
（2）the first female； one of the deadliest diseases
（3）190 failures； day and night； began to suffer； never gave up
（4）Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
【核心知識·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①from?、赽y?、踥n?、躶urvivor?、軭aving survived that night
2.①was intended?、趖o see　③to improve?、躨ntention
⑤had intended to go to Australia
3.①提到，談及　②查閱，參考　③reference　④to
⑤in/with　⑥as　⑦refer to the book
4.①are limited?、趖o　③a　④limited?、輇e limited within 800 words
5.①at　②of　③Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery.
6.①paid back　②pay a visit to?、踦ay for　④Their efforts paid off in the end.
7.①for　②from/by　③It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.； It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.
Part Ⅱ
1.①on trial?、趕tand/go on trial　③through trial and error
2.①himself　②container　③containing　④contains
⑤contains； include
Part Ⅲ
1.①the first country to land a spacecraft on　②the ability to do the challenging work well?、踭he only way to learn a language well　④The last person to arrive at
2.①Surprised and happy?、趖ired and hungry?、跾eriously injured?、蹷orn into a poor family
13 / 13(共132張PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
　　 By Dina Conner
　　 11 December 2015
　　[1]Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s
Republic① of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her
contribution to the fight against malaria②， one of the deadliest③
diseases in human history.Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu， malaria
patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of
survival④.
　　[1]動詞不定式短語to receive a Nobel Prize作scientist 的后置定
語；動詞-ed形式短語awarded for her contribution to the fight against
malaria作a Nobel Prize的后置定語；one of the deadliest diseases in
human history 為名詞短語作同位語，解釋說明malaria。
【讀文清障】
①republic n.共和國，共和政體
the People’s Republic of China （PRC） 中華人民共和國
③deadly adj.致命的；十足的，徹底的
the deadliest disease 最致命的疾病
④survival n.生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物
survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于難
survivor n.幸存者
②malaria n.瘧疾
malaria medicines 瘧疾藥物
malaria patients 瘧疾患者
　　[2]Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province⑤， Tu studied
medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.After
graduation， she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
⑥.[3]She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese
medicine， acquiring a broad⑦ knowledge of both traditional Chinese
medicine and Western medicine.
　　[2]Born in 1930 ...為形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語。
　　[3]句中動詞-ing形式短語acquiring a broad ...作結果狀語，
acquire與其邏輯主語She之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。
⑤province n.省，省份
Zhejiang Province 浙江省
⑥traditional Chinese medicine傳統中醫
traditional Chinese medical recipes傳統中藥配方
Western medicine 西醫
⑦broad adj.廣泛的；寬闊的，廣闊的；概括的；開闊的
broadly adv.大體上；基本上
　　Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful.In the 1960s， many
people were dying of⑧ malaria， and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended⑨ to find a cure for the disease.She collected over 2，000 traditional
Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts⑩ from different herbs .When they failed to produce any promising results， Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
[4]Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water， Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.[5]On 4 October 1971， after 190 failures ， she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
　　[4]動詞-ed形式短語Inspired by ...作原因狀語，相當于狀語從
句Because she was inspired by ...。
　　[5]句中that could treat malaria in mice為that引導的定語從句，修
飾先行詞extract，且that在定語從句中作主語。
⑧die of死于……（常指死于疾病、寒冷等內因）
die from 死于……（常指死于災禍、暴力等外因）
⑨intend vt.& vi.想要，計劃；意指
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intention n.打算；計劃；目的；意圖
⑩extract n.提取物；選錄 vt.提??；選錄；取出；設法得到
make hundreds of extracts 獲取數百種提取物
make qinghao extract 獲取青蒿提取物
herb n.藥草，香草；草本
refer to 查閱，參考；提到，談及
[拓展] “查詞典”的表達法：
refer to the dictionary
look up a word in the dictionary
consult the dictionary
experiment n.實驗，試驗；嘗試，實踐
vi.做試驗，進行實驗；嘗試
redesign the experiments 重新設計實驗
failure n.[U] 失敗；[C] 失敗的人或事物
success n.[U] 成功，成名；[C] 成功的人或事物
succeed in doing sth 成功地做成某事
　　[6]However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for
large trials because research resources were limited .Tu and her team
managed to find solutions to the problem.When there was no research
equipment， they had to extract herbs using household water containers
.They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of
the poor conditions， but they never gave up.
　　[6]句中it作形式主語，動詞不定式短語to produce ...trials是真
正的主語；because引導原因狀語從句。
trial n.試用，試驗；審訊，審判；考驗
　vi.& vt.測試，試驗
large trials 大規模試驗
on trial 試用；受審
limited adj.有限的
limit n.限制；極限；界限 vt.限制
household adj.家庭的，家用的，家務的
　　　　 　n.一家人，家庭
container n.容器；集裝箱，貨柜
household water containers 家用的盛水容器
　　[7]Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced，
however， they still faced another problem.[8]The trials on patients were
likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data
.[9]To speed up the process and ensure its safety， Tu and her team
volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
　　[7]句中with復合結構（with＋名詞＋動詞-ed形式）作狀
語，produced表示被動和完成。
　　[8]介詞短語on patients作后置定語，because引導原因狀語
從句。
　　
　[9]第一個動詞不定式短語To speed up the process and
ensure its safety作目的狀語；第二個動詞不定式短語to test
qinghao extract on themselves first作賓語。
large amounts of （＋不可數名詞） 許多，大量的
[同義] a large amount of （＋不可數名詞）
a great deal of （＋不可數名詞）
postpone vt.延遲，延期
sufficient adj.足夠的，充足的
[同義] adequate， enough， abundant
data n.數據，資料，材料
safety data 安全數據
speed up （使）加速
at a speed of ... 以……的速度
test sth on sb 在某人身上實驗某物
　　The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off .In November 1972， through trial and error ， they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.As a key part of many malaria medicines， qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.More than 40 years after its discovery， Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.In her Nobel Lecture ， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.[10]Perhaps the next generation of scientists， drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine， will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care .
　　[10]句中動詞-ing形式短語drawing on ...medicine作定語，修飾
名詞scientists，相當于一個非限制性定語從句who draw on the wisdom
of traditional Chinese medicine。
pay off 成功，奏效，達到目的
[同義] make it
error n.錯誤，差錯
through trial and error 反復試驗
be awarded a Nobel Prize 獲得諾貝爾獎
Nobel Lecture 諾貝爾獲獎演講
further explore the treasure house 進一步探索寶庫
wisdom n.智慧，知識，學問；才智；明智
draw on the wisdom 借鑒智慧
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
be beneficial to 對……有益
global health care 全球醫療
【參考譯文】
中國科學家榮獲2015年諾貝爾獎
迪娜·康納
　　 2015年12月11日
　　屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學家。她
獲獎是因為她在抗擊瘧疾中做出的貢獻，瘧疾是人類歷史上最致命的
疾病之一。得益于她發現的青蒿素，如今全世界瘧疾患者的存活率大
大提高。
　　1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江寧波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北
京讀大學，學習藥學。畢業后，她在中醫研究院工作。她完成了中醫
領域的培訓課程深造，獲得了廣泛的中西醫知識。
　　屠呦呦接受的教育很快被證明非常有用。20世紀60年代，許多人
死于瘧疾。1969年屠呦呦擔任了一個課題組的組長，這個課題組計劃
找到該疾病的治療方法。她收集了2000多種治療瘧疾的中藥配方，并
從不同的草藥中獲取了數百種提取物。當它們未能產生預期效果時，
屠呦呦再次查閱歷代中醫典籍。據一本1600多年前的古籍記載，古人
通過冷水制備青蒿提取物，受此啟發，屠呦呦重新設計了這個試驗，
為了不破壞其（抗瘧的）有效成分，她嘗試在低溫下提取青蒿。1971
年10月4日， 在歷經190次失敗之后，她成功制備出可以治療老鼠瘧疾
的青蒿提取物。
　　然而，由于研究資源有限，很難制造出足夠的青蒿提取物用于大
規模試驗。屠呦呦團隊成功找到了解決這個問題的方法。當時沒有研
究設備，他們只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。他們夜以繼日地工
作，由于條件惡劣，他們的健康開始受損，但卻從未放棄。
　　然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他們仍然面臨著另外一個
問題。因為他們沒有充足的安全數據，在病人身上進行試驗有可能推
遲。為了加快進度并保證其安全性，屠呦呦和她的團隊自愿先在他們
自己身上試驗青蒿提取物。
屠呦呦和其團隊的努力終于有了回報。1972年11月，經過反復試
驗，他們成功發現了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作為許
多抗瘧藥物中的關鍵成分，青蒿素迄今已經造福了近2億瘧疾患者。
在發現青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦終于因此獲得了諾貝爾獎。在她的獲
獎演講上，屠呦呦鼓勵科學家們進一步探索中醫這座寶庫，并讓其更
上一層樓。也許下一代的科學家借鑒中醫的智慧，確實會發現更多有
益于全球醫療的藥物。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What was the proper description about malaria？（　　）
A. A disease which infects plants.
B. A deadly disease of its day.
C. A disease which infects animals.
D. A disease which can be cured easily.
2. What is qinghaosu？（　　）
A. A key part of many malaria medicines.
B. A key part of many medicines for cancer.
C. A key part of many medicines for heart disease.
D. A key part of many medicines for cholera.
3. Why did they lack qinghao extract for large trials？ （　?。?br/>A. Because Tu Youyou and her team lacked experience.
B. Because research resources were in short supply.
C. Because there was no good laboratory for experimenting.
D. Because they had no support from the government and their families.
4. What’s the meaning of “speed up” in Paragraph 5？（　?。?br/>A. Pull up. B. Turn up.
C. Hurry up. D. Hold up.
5. What can we learn about Tu Youyou from Paragraph 6？（　　）
A. She doesn’t continue to conduct research today.
B. She made traditional Chinese medicine spread.
C. She did not have sufficient data to start trials on patients.
D. She encouraged scientists to further explore traditional Chinese
medicine.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1. 詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
在形容詞、名詞或動詞后加某些后綴可以構成抽象名詞。這篇新聞
報道中就運用了很多這樣的抽象名詞，請找出來并試著再想出一些
分別寫在下面的表格中。
詞性 后綴 名詞
形容詞 -dom
-ness

動詞 -al

-ance
-ure
形容詞/ 動詞/名詞 -age
wisdom， freedom
effectiveness， usefulness， kindness， loneliness，
happiness
survival， arrival， approval， proposal， refusal，
removal
appearance， acceptance， performance， assistance
failure， pleasure， exposure， closure
shortage， marriage， passage， percentage
2. 美文欣賞——賞美文，學寫法
該語篇的體裁屬于新聞報道，這種文體時效性強。與一般人物描寫
類文章不同的是，新聞報道中的人物描寫強調以客觀事實說話，盡
量不加入報道者的情感，但讀者能夠通過語篇內容了解人物品質。
下面結合課文分析和品悟一下新聞報道類語篇的特點。
（1）語篇內容客觀、準確，使用具體數據來說明屠呦呦及其團隊
的科學研究過程的艱辛。如課文第三段中出現的數據She
collected over traditional Chinese medical recipes
for malaria treatment and made extracts from
different herbs.和Inspired by an over text
about preparing qinghao extract with cold water， Tu redesigned
the experiments ...就體現了新聞報道的準確性和真實性。
2，000　
hundreds of　
1，600-year-old　
（2）新聞報道的語言具有言簡意賅的特點。 文章開頭用一句話
（新聞導語）Tu Youyou has become
scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel
Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against
malaria， in human history.介
紹了屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾獎的事實、她的突出貢獻以及瘧疾這
種疾病，具有高度“概括性”。
the first female　
one of the deadliest diseases　
（3）從故事層面來看，本文注重通過描述人物的具體事跡，包括
引用人物語言來刻畫人物形象。這些語言特點能加深讀者對
屠呦呦獲諾貝爾獎這一新聞事件以及對屠呦呦這一人物的認
知。課文第三段中的On 4 October 1971， after
， she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could
treat malaria in mice.和第四段中的They worked
and their health because of the poor
conditions， but they .等表達成功地塑造出
一個齊心協力、永不言棄的團隊形象。
190
failures　
day and
night　
began to suffer　
never gave up　
（4）從敘事結構層面來看，語篇首先報道發生的重大新聞事件，
與標題呼應，然后再詳細報道其他相關的重要信息，如人物
生平、事件發生的過程等。語篇以
為標題，向讀者報道了這一重要消息，并
介紹了屠呦呦的生平經歷和她帶領團隊為治療瘧疾發現并提
取青蒿素的過程，給讀者提供了比簡單的新聞播報更為詳細
的信息。
Chinese scientist wins
2015 Nobel Prize　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
survival n.生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物
【教材原句】　Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu， malaria patients
all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
得益于她發現的青蒿素，如今全世界瘧疾患者的存活率大大提高。
【用法】
（1）survive vt. 幸存，幸免于難
　 　　vi. 生存，存活
survive sth 幸免于；從……中挺過來/活過來
survive on 依靠……生存下來
survive from 從……存活下來/流傳下來
A survive B （by ...） A比B活得長（……）
（2）survivor n. 幸存者
【佳句】　The wedding ceremony is a survival from ancient times.
這種結婚儀式是從遠古時期流傳下來的。
【點津】　survive 表示“生存，存活”時是不及物動詞。表示“幸
存，幸免于難”時是及物動詞，后面不需要加介詞in或from。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Some strange customs have survived earlier times.
②As far as I know， the old lady survived her husband 5 years.
③Millions of people survive a very limited diet.
④He was the only one （survive） of the crash.
from　
by　
on　
survivor　
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤After she had survived that night， she was confident that everything
else would be all right.
→ ， she was confident that everything else
would be all right.（動詞-ing形式短語作狀語）
Having survived that night　
intend vt.& vi.想要，計劃；意指
【教材原句】　In the 1960s， many people were dying of malaria， and
in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the
disease.
20世紀60年代，許多人死于瘧疾。1969年屠呦呦擔任了一個課題組的
組長，這個課題組計劃找到該疾病的治療方法。
【用法】
（1）intend to do/doing sth　打算做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算讓某人做某事
had intended to do sth 本打算做某事
（2）intended adj. 打算的；設計的
be intended for ... 為……打算/設計的
（3）intention n. 意圖，目的；企圖
with the intention of 有……的打算/目的
have no intention of doing sth＝have no intention to do sth 無意做某事
【佳句】　Originally， we had intended to go to Italy， but then we
won the trip to Greece.起初，我們打算去意大利，但后來獲得去希臘
的機會。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Yesterday I found a book in the bookstore by chance which
（intend） for bird lovers.
②I don’t intend anyone （see） the painting until it is
finished.
③Everything they do is intended （improve） the living
standards.
④This programme was set up with the （intend） of
providing help for homeless people.
was
intended　
to see　
to improve　
intention　
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤Peter ， but something changed his
mind.（intend）
彼得本來打算去澳大利亞，但有些事使他改變了主意。
had intended to go to Australia　
refer to 查閱，參考；提到，談及
【教材原句】　When they failed to produce any promising results， Tu
referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.當它
們未能產生預期效果時，屠呦呦再次查閱歷代中醫典籍。
【用法】
（1）refer v.　　 提到；參考；查閱
refer to ...as ... 把……稱作……
refer ...to ... 把……提交給……
（2）reference n. 談及，提到；參考，查閱
reference to ... 談及，提到……
in/with reference to 關于
reference books 參考書
【佳句】　When I am faced with a difficulty， I usually choose to refer
to relevant learning materials or web pages.
當我面對困難時，我常常選擇參考相關學習資料或網頁。
【點津】　（1）refer的過去式、過去分詞、現在分詞分別為
referred、 referred、 referring，類似的詞還有prefer。
（2）refer to和look up都可以表示“查閱；參考”，但二者是有區別
的：refer to后接所查的工具書或資料，如詞典、筆記、參考書
等；look up后接word、phrase等需要查找的對象。
【練透】　品句猜詞/單句語法填空
①The professor referred to global warming at least three times in his
speech.
②If you meet with the characters you don’t know， I strongly suggest
that you should refer to reference books or turn to others for help.

③He made no （refer） to his illness but only to his future
plans.
④The question referred at the meeting is hard to answer.
提到，談及　
查閱，參考　
reference　
to　
⑤I have nothing to say reference to that case.
⑥The scientist referred to the discovery the most exciting new
development in this field.
in/with　
as　
【寫美】　完成句子
⑦The custom may date back to the Tang Dynasty； for more detailed
information， please .
這種風俗可能追溯到唐朝，想要了解更多詳細的信息，請查閱這
本書。
refer to the book　
limited adj.有限的
【教材原句】　However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao
extract for large trials because research resources were limited.然而，由
于研究資源有限，很難制造出足夠的青蒿提取物用于大規模試驗。
【用法】
（1）be limited to　 局限于……
（2）limit vt. 限制；限定
n.[C] 限度，限制
limit ...to ... 把……限制在……范圍內
there is a limit to ... ……是有限度的
（3）limitless adj. 無限制的，無止境的
limitation n. 限制；局限
unlimited adj. 無限制的
【佳句】　As we all know， a person’s life is limited， but knowledge
is limitless/unlimited.
眾所周知，人的生命是有限的，而知識是無限的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Families （limit） to three free tickets each.
②The teacher limited his students 500 words for their
compositions.
③There is limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
④We are doing our best with the （limit）resources
available.
are limited　
to　
a　
limited　
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤Besides， essays are supposed to and
written in English only.
此外，文章應限制在800詞以內，且只能用英文撰寫。
be limited within 800 words　
speed up （使）加速
【教材原句】　To speed up the process and ensure its safety， Tu and
her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
為了加快進度并保證其安全性，屠呦呦和她的團隊自愿先在他們自己
身上試驗青蒿提取物。
【用法】
at a high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of ... 以……的速度
with great/full speed 以很快的速度/全速
pick up speed 加速
slow speed 減速
【佳句】　Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives
amazingly.
現代發明大大加快了人們的生活節奏。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience， especially if you
are travelling a high speed.
②This flight is now heading for Paris at a speed 1，000 kilometres
an hour.
at　
of　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③充足的新鮮空氣和鍛煉將會加速他的康復。

Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery.
pay off 成功，奏效，達到目的；償清
【教材原句】　The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
屠呦呦和其團隊的努力終于有了回報。
【用法】
pay back 　　 償還（欠款）；報復；回報
pay for sth 付某物的錢；為某事付出代價
pay sb for sth 因某物給某人報酬
pay a visit to 參觀，拜訪
pay attention to 注意；留心
【佳句】　It will take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.那筆貸
款將需要他的余生才能還清。
【點津】　pay作及物動詞時，后面可直接接賓語，但一般是表示
錢、賬單或人的詞。如果要表示為某事或某物付錢時，需要用介詞for
或者是帶to的動詞不定式來引導。
【練透】　用pay的相關短語填空
①At last I all the money I borrowed from him.
②Will you please Tianjin once more so that we may
meet again？
③I’d also like to know how much I have to the course and
whether accommodation is included.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④他們的努力最終有了回報。

paid back　
pay a visit to　
pay for　
Their efforts paid off in the end.
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
【教材原句】　Perhaps the next generation of scientists， drawing on
the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine， will indeed discover more
medicines beneficial to global health care.
也許下一代的科學家借鑒中醫的智慧，確實會發現更多有益于全球醫
療的藥物。
【用法】
（1）be beneficial to ...＝be of benefit to ...
對……有益；有益于（to為介詞）
（2）benefit n.　益處
　　　vt. 使受益
　　　vi. 得益于
benefit from/by ... 從……中受益；得益于……
（3）for the benefit of＝for one’s benefit 為了……的利益
【佳句】　To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air.
在室內鍛煉不如在室外鍛煉更有益。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals the
benefit of all its citizens.
②Both sides have benefited the agreement they made.
for　
from/by　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③據說瑜伽對人體健康有很大益處。
→ （benefit）
→
（beneficial）
It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.　
It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.　
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓
trial n.試用，試驗；審訊，審判；考驗 vi.& vt.測試，試驗
【教材原句】　However， it was hard to produce enough qinghao
extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而，由于研究資源有限，很難制造出足夠的青蒿提取物用于大規模
試驗。
【用法】
through trial and error　　反復試驗
a trial period 試用期
clinical trial 臨床試驗
stand/go on trial 受到審判，受審
on trial 在試驗/測試/受審中
【佳句】　New cars have several severe trials before they are put on the
market.
新汽車在投放市場前要經過多次嚴格的試驗。
【練透】　完成句子
①We have had the machine for a week.
這臺機器我們已經試用一個星期了。
②He will for fraud.
他將因涉嫌詐騙而受審。
③Like many animals， people also learn to swim
.
像許多動物一樣，人也要通過反復試驗才能學會游泳。
on trial　
stand/go on trial　
through trial and
error　
container n.容器；集裝箱，貨柜
【教材原句】　When there was no research equipment， they had to
extract herbs using household water containers.當時沒有研究設備，他
們只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。
【用法】
contain vt.　　包含；含有；容納；克制；抑制（強烈的感情等）
contain oneself 克制自己
【佳句】　The container contains many kinds of fruits， including
apples/apples included.
容器中盛著各種水果，其中包括蘋果。
【點津】　（1）contain指某容器中盛有某物、裝有某物。
（2）include表示把某事物作為其中的一部分包含在內，常構成分詞
短語sth included或including sth。
【練透】　單句語法填空/選詞填空
①He was so excited that he could hardly contain （he）.
②I don’t know how much oil is in this old （contain）.
③The girl went to pick up the bag （contain） much
money.
④Our school lecture hall （contain） 1，000 people.
⑤Look！The box a number of letters， which
those from his students.（contain/include）
himself　
container　
containing　
contains　
contains　
include　
Part Ⅲ　重點句型解構
句型公式：the＋序數詞＋名詞＋to do ...
【教材原句】　Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the
People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her
contribution to the fight against malaria， one of the deadliest diseases in
human history.
屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學家。她獲獎
是因為她在抗擊瘧疾中做出的貢獻，瘧疾是人類歷史上最致命的疾病
之一。
【用法】
（1）當中心詞是序數詞或被序數詞、形容詞最高級等修飾或其前有
the next、 the only、 the last等限定時，常用動詞不定式作后置定語。
（2）動詞不定式作后置定語用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞，常見的詞有
ability、 chance、 ambition、 offer、 anxiety、 answer、 reply、
attempt、 belief等。
【品悟】　He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy
comforts.
他總是一個吃苦在前，享樂在后的人。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表達思想的能力和思想本身一樣重要。
【寫美】　完成句子
①China has become the far
side of the moon.
中國已經成為第一個將航天器降落在月球背面的國家。
②I believe that I have .
我相信我有能力做好這項具有挑戰性的工作。
③Practice is .
學好一門語言的唯一途徑就是實踐。
the first country to land a spacecraft on　
the ability to do the challenging work well　
the only way to learn a language well　
④ the top of the mountain can also receive
a gift.
最后一個到達山頂的人也可以得到一個禮物。
The last person to arrive at　
句型公式：形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語
【教材原句】　Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province， Tu
studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.1930
年，屠呦呦出生于浙江寧波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京讀大
學，學習藥學。
【用法】
句中Born in 1930 ...是形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語。
（1）動詞-ed形式包括動作類和狀態類兩種形式，狀態類動詞-ed形
式相當于形容詞。
（2）形容詞（短語）或形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語可以表示方
式、原因或伴隨狀況等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗號與句
子其他成分隔開。
（3）形容詞化的動詞-ed形式作狀語時常用來表示主語的狀態和結
果。如果用來修飾句子的謂語動詞或整個句子，則應用副詞形式。
【品悟】　Exhausted， I fell fast asleep.
由于太累了，我很快就睡著了。
Absorbed in writing a letter， he didn’t even look up when I came in.
他在聚精會神地寫信，當我進來時他甚至都沒有抬頭。
【寫美】　完成句子/句式升級
① ， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
托尼既驚訝又高興，站起來領獎。
②He spent three days in the wind and snow， .
他又累又餓地在風雪中過了三天。
③ ， some of the passengers were sent to the nearest
hospital at once.
因嚴重受傷，其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的醫院。
Surprised and happy　
tired and hungry　
Seriously injured　
④Because she was born into a poor family， Nadia had only two years of
schooling.
→ ， Nadia had only two years of schooling.
（動詞-ed形式作狀語）
Born into a poor family　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1. He had i to come to your birthday party， but his mother got
ill that day.
2. The sports meeting has already been p three times because
of bad weather.
3. Many people do not like the idea of e on animals.
ntended　
ostponed　
xperiments　
4. The boss of the restaurant agreed to employ me for a t period of
two months.
5. As is known to all， Guangdong is an important p of South
China.
6. A survey （進行） by a famous scientist showed that
sitting too long contributes to heart disease.
7. The money she has saved is （足夠） for buying a big
apartment for her family.
rial　
rovince　
conducted　
sufficient　
8. We are （圍繞） by a natural playground just perfect
for walking， caving， climbing and cycling.
9. He wants to buy the books in quantity， so the storekeeper will
not （收費） him much.
10. People were frightened when a （致命的） disease called
cholera broke out in the town.
surrounded　
charge　
deadly　
維度二：詞形轉換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1. The man went abroad with the （intend） of trying his
fortune， but failed at last.
2. For some students studying abroad， cooking is an
essential （survive） skill.
3. Her menu was so （limit） that few customers came to her
restaurant.
intention　
survival　
limited　
4. Both sides agreed that our cooperation will be mutually
（benefit） and will help keep regional peace.
5. The statistics are a clear （illustrate） of the point I am
trying to make.
6. When I was confused about my life， I was impressed with
the （wise） of my grandfather’s words.
7. Place them in a jam jar， porcelain bowl， or other
similar （contain）.
8. It is said that the cobra （眼鏡蛇） is one of the
world’s （dead） snakes.
beneficial　
illustration　
wisdom　
containers　
deadliest　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1. 在我看來，是他堅定的決心改變了一切。（強調句）
As far as I’m concerned，
.
2. 如果沒有電，今天的生活將會十分不同。（含蓄虛擬條件句）
， life quite different today.
3. 學習查詞典是小學生必須掌握的一項技能。（refer to）
is a skill that must be mastered by
pupils.
it was his strong determination that made
a difference　
Without electricity　
would be　
Learning to refer to a dictionary　
4. 她是在奧運會上第一位獲得金牌的女性運動員。（the＋序數詞＋
名詞＋to do ...）
She was the gold medal in the
Olympic Games.
5. 他躺在那兒，放松得連書都不看。（動詞-ed形式短語作狀語）
He lay there， .
the first female athlete to win　
too relaxed even to read a book　
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確
形式。
　　Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1. （receive） a Nobel Prize， awarded for her 2. （contribute） to the fight against malaria.In 1969 Tu became head of a team intending
3. （find） a cure for malaria.When they failed， Tu didn’t give up.4. （inspire） by an over 1，600-year-old text，
Tu redesigned the experiments.After 190 failures， she succeeded
to
receive　
contribution　
to find　
Inspired　
5. making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.When there was no research 6. （equip）， they had to extract herbs using household water 7. （contain）.They volunteered to test it on themselves to test their results.Their efforts finally paid 8. .Qinghaosu has since been 9. （benefit） to
many people.In Tu’s Nobel Lecture， she encouraged scientists to
further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine，
10. will benefit global health care.
in　
equipment　
containers　
off　
beneficial　
which　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　At 1：43 a.m.， Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a
Nobel committee representative who， revealing the significant news，
told her， “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your
life changes.”
　　Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner
circle， the first person Bertozzi called was her father， William
Bertozzi， a retired physics professor from MIT. “He’s 91 and， of
course， he was just overjoyed，” said Bertozzi.“And then he called
my sisters for me.One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
　　Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of biorthogonal
chemistry （生物正交化學）， a set of chemical reactions that allow
researchers to study molecules （分子） and their interactions in living
things without involving natural biological processes.Bertozzi’s lab has
been using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of
sugars in biology， to solve practical problems， like developing better
tests for infectious diseases， and to create a new medicine that can better
target tumors （腫瘤）.　　
“I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry，” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne.“In
pioneering the field of biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new
way of studying biomolecular processes， one that has helped scientists
around the world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living
systems.Being a crown jewel in chemistry， her work has had an
outstanding real-world impact.The research achievements have been used
to study how cells build proteins and other molecules， to develop new
cancer medicines， and to produce new materials for energy storage，
among many other applications.”
　　“They call and I’m not even awake ...Starbucks isn’t even open
yet，” she exclaimed while in her pajamas at her kitchen table.By 3
a.m.， Bertozzi had nearly three dozen voicemails.“This is how it’s
going to be all day.This is insane，” she said.“Maybe I should cancel
meetings.”
　　Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her
messages， Bertozzi said， “My family has already booked their flights
to Stockholm.It’s amazing.Go back to sleep！”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。凌晨，Bertozzi接到電話被告知獲得
了諾貝爾獎。文章介紹了她研究的內容，斯坦福大學校長對她的評
價以及她接受采訪時的情景。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。凌晨，Bertozzi接到電話被告知獲得
了諾貝爾獎。文章介紹了她研究的內容，斯坦福大學校長對她的評
價以及她接受采訪時的情景。
1. Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight？（　　）
A. To warn her of some emergency.
B. To inform her of winning the prize.
C. To prepare for a meeting.
D. To collect things to visit her relatives.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段和下文內容可知，凌晨1點43
分，Bertozzi被諾貝爾委員會代表的電話吵醒，這個電話通知
Bertozzi獲獎了。
2. What does Bertozzi’s lab use the new methods to do？（　?。?br/>A. Develop a new drug for cancer.
B. Produce more nutritious sugars.
C. Separate biology from chemistry.
D. Find cures for infectious diseases.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中的Bertozzi’s lab has been
using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of
sugars in biology， to solve practical problems可知，Bertozzi的實驗
室運用這些新方法來開發一種治療癌癥的新藥。
3. What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in Paragraph 4 refer
to？（　?。?br/>A. The king’s treasure.
B. The universal focus.
C. The most complex part.
D. The most valuable breakthrough.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據第四段最后一句描述研究成果的后續
使用方向可推知，她的發現非常有價值。由此可知，畫線部分所在
句子意為“作為化學界最有價值的突破，她的工作在現實世界中產
生了顯著的影響”，a crown jewel意為“最有價值的突破”。
4. What kind of person is Bertozzi？（　　）
A. Courageous and quiet.
B. Creative and generous.
C. Wise and hard-working.
D. Pioneering and humorous.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段中Bertozzi was recognized for
founding the field of biorthogonal chemistry可知，Bertozzi因創立生
物正交化學領域而受到認可；根據第四段中In pioneering the field of
biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new way of studying
biomolecular processes可知，Bertozzi發明了一種研究生物分子過程
的新方法，由此推知Bertozzi是有開拓性的；根據第五段對Bertozzi
的采訪及最后一段中“My family has ...Go back to sleep！”可
知，她是幽默的。
B
　　Sofia Kovalevskaya was born in Moscow， Russia， in 1850.As a
young child， Kovalevskaya was attracted to the unusual wallpaper on the
wall of a room in the family house： the lecture notes of Mikhail
Ostrogradsky on differential and integral calculus （微積分）.
　　Although her father provided her with private teachers， he would not
allow her to study abroad for further education， and Russian universities
would not then admit women.Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her
studies in mathematics， so she found a solution： to get married to a
young student， Vladimir Kovalevsky.This allowed her to leave Russia
and continue her studies.
　　The pair traveled together to Austria and then to Germany， where in
1869 Kovalevskaya studied at Heidelberg University.The following year
she moved to Berlin to study with Karl Weierstrass privately， as the
university in Berlin would not allow any women to attend classes.In
1874， she presented three papers to the University of Gottingen and was
awarded a doctoral degree.Her paper on partial differential equations
（偏微分方程） won her valuable recognition within the European
mathematical community.
　　Having received her degree， she returned to Russia with her
husband.However， they were unable to find the academic positions they
desired.So Kovalevskaya returned to Berlin.In 1883， she became a
lecturer in mathematics at Stockholm University.
　　In 1888 she was awarded the Prix Bordin of the French Academy of
Sciences for research now called the Kovalevskaya Top.She also won a
prize from the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1889， and that same year
was appointed （任命） to a chair at the university — the first woman
appointed to a chair at a modern European university.She was also elected
to the Russian Academy of Sciences as a member that same year.
　　Kovalevskaya was also known as a writer and a supporter of
women’s rights.She composed novels， plays， and essays， including
the autobiographical novel A Russian Childhood and Nihilist Girl， a story
of her life in Russia.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了俄國數學家Sofia
Kovalevskaya。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了俄國數學家Sofia
Kovalevskaya。
5. What can be learned about young Kovalevskaya？（　?。?br/>A. She received public education.
B. She was addicted to mathematics.
C. She showed interest in wallpaper.
D. She had no support from her father.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段第二句和第二段中
Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her studies in mathematics可知，小
時候的Kovalevskaya癡迷于學習數學。
6. What happened to Kovalevskaya in the 1870s？（　?。?br/>A. She got married to a young student.
B. She was noted in the academic world.
C. She studied at Heidelberg University.
D. She worked with Karl Weierstrass in Berlin.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，在1874
年，Kovalevskaya關于偏微分方程的論文使她獲得了歐洲數學
界的認可。
7. What does Paragraph 5 mainly say about Kovalevskaya？（　?。?br/>A. Her goal. B. Her research.
C. Her problems. D. Her achievements.
解析：　段落大意題。根據第五段內容可知，本段主要介紹了
Kovalevskaya所獲得的獎項及榮譽，即主要介紹了她的成就。本段
中的chair意為“大學教授的職位”。
8. Which of the following can best describe Kovalevskaya？（　?。?br/>A. Creative and generous.
B. Patient and productive.
C. Positive and considerate.
D. Talented and determined.
解析：　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，Kovalevskaya不僅極具天
賦，而且在追求數學的道路上意志堅定，不畏困難、不懼挑戰，最
終取得成功。
C
　　Role models are important for inspiring scientists， but new research
suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more
encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
　　In a series of studies， researchers found that young people were
more motivated by scientists whose success was connected with efforts
than those whose success was because of natural intelligence， even if that
scientist was Albert Einstein.
　　Danfei Hu， a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University，
and Janet N. Ann， an assistant professor of psychology at William
Paterson University， said the findings — recently published in Basic and
Applied Social Psychology — will help deal with the certain secret about
what it takes to succeed in science.
　　According to the researchers， there is concern in the science
community with the number of students who run after careers in science
during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate
from college.To help solve the problem， Hu and Ann wanted to research
role models， who give the students specific goals， behaviour or
strategies they can follow.
　　The researchers performed studies with 176 and 162 participants in
each study respectively.In the first study， all participants read the same
story about common struggles a scientist met in his science
career.However， half were told the story was about Einstein， while half
were told it was about Thomas Edison.Although the stories are the same，
participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason
for Einstein’s success.In addition， the participants who believed the
story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths
problems.
　　“This proved that people generally seem to view Einstein as a
genius， with his success commonly linked to extraordinary talent，” Hu
said.“Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than 1，
000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is linked
to his efforts.” Hu added， “Knowing that something great can be
achieved through hard work and efforts， more students will step into the
science career confidently.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述了依靠勤奮和努力而成功
的科學家比天生才華橫溢的科學家更能鼓舞人心。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述了依靠勤奮和努力而成功
的科學家比天生才華橫溢的科學家更能鼓舞人心。
9. What kind of scientist is more encouraging？（　?。?br/>A. Those who are famous around the world.
B. Those who are famous for their hard work.
C. Those who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
D. Those who are viewed as great inventors.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的but new research suggests
that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging
than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant可知，那些以勤奮
努力而聞名的科學家比那些天生才華橫溢的科學家更能激勵人心。
10. What is the concern in the science community？（　?。?br/>A. Fewer students will work on science.
B. The students will drop out of school soon.
C. There are fewer role models for students to follow.
D. Some scientists cannot give students specific goals.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段中的there is concern in the
science community with the number of students who run after careers
in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once
they graduate from college可知，很多在校期間追求科學事業的學
生在大學畢業后就放棄了從事與科學相關的事業，也就是說從事
科學事業的學生會更少，而這正是科學界所擔憂的事情。
11. Why were some participants motivated to complete a series of maths
problems？（　?。?br/>A. They knew the problems were given by Edison.
B. They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein.
C. They believed they could solve the problems by working hard.
D. They knew they were to work together with Einstein and Edison.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第五段第一句可知，參與者完成一
系列的數學題是受到愛迪生的故事的鼓舞；再根據最后一段中的
關鍵句Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than
1，000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is
linked to his efforts.可知，愛迪生在嘗試發明燈泡時失敗了1000多
次，他的成功與他的努力有關。綜合得知，這些受到愛迪生故事
鼓舞的參與者相信通過努力和勤奮可以解決問題，所以他們才有
動力去完成一系列數學題。
12. What is the best title for the text？ （　?。?br/>A. Einstein’s Success Story
B. Edison’s Achievements Are Greater
C. How to Be a Great Scientist
D. Einstein Is Less Encouraging than Edison
解析：　標題歸納題。第一段點明本文主旨，再結合下文內容
可知，本文主要闡述的是那些以勤奮努力而聞名的科學家比那些
天生才華橫溢的科學家更能激勵人心。D項中的Einstein代指天生
才華橫溢的科學家，Edison代指以勤奮努力而聞名的科學家，即
“天生才華橫溢的科學家不如以勤奮努力而聞名的科學家鼓舞人
心”，因此，D項最能概括文章主旨，適合作文章標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Qualities of a Good Scientist
　　The qualities of a good scientist may vary to some extent with
different specialties.But， every scientist needs to have a good foundation
in science classes throughout high school and college， along with a good
understanding of math.13.（　　）.
　　 Two of the most common characteristics of scientists are curiosity
and patience.14.（　?。?， and they want to learn what makes
everything work.Their curiosity keeps them going， heading to the next
project and the next experiment.They must also have the patience to
experience the years of work that might be required to make a discovery in
a scientific field.A sense of optimism keeps a scientist performing
experiment after experiment， even if most of them fail.15.
（　?。?They require patience to repeat experiments many times to
prove results.
　　 16.（　?。?noticing even tiny observations and remembering
and recording them.Their minds tend to be analytical （分析的）， and
they can collect and store data in an efficient way so it can be recalled
later.They usually have facts and guesses from several fields and
experiments so that they can be put together in different combinations （組
合） to answer questions or provide direction for research.
　　 Being open-minded is important for successful people in science
careers.A good scientist will accept whatever result his or her work has.A
scientist will also not give wrong results or shade an experiment to get the
expected outcome.17.（　　）， even when they have different
opinions from his or her own.
A. Scientists can help and support one another
B. He or she will accept the solutions of others
C. Scientists need to pay more attention to details
D. Scientists are curious about the world around them
E. They build on the work of scientists from past generations
F. These basic classes give you a good start toward a career in science
G. Scientists know that failed experiments provide answers as often as
successful ones do
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了好科學家應該具備的一
些品質。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了好科學家應該具備的一
些品質。
13. F　上文指出一位好科學家的品質可能因為專業不同而在某種程度
上有所不同，但每一位科學家都需要在高中和大學的科學課上打好基
礎，同時對數學有好的領悟力。由此可知，打好科學基礎對從事科學
事業的人來說很重要。F項中的These basic classes指代上文中的science
classes。
14. D　本段指出科學家最普遍的兩個品質是有好奇心和耐心。根據
空后的they want to learn what makes everything work可知，科學家對他
們周圍的世界很好奇。D項中的curious與上文中的curiosity是原詞復現
關系，空后的they指代D項中的Scientists。
15. G　上文指出即使大多數實驗都失敗了，樂觀主義也能讓科學家
不斷地進行實驗，下文指出科學家要有耐心多次重做實驗以證明結
果。由此可知，空處應該與失敗的實驗給科學家帶來的好處相關。G
項中的failed experiments呼應上文中的experiment after experiment和
most of them fail。
16. C　根據本空后的noticing even tiny observations and remembering
and recording them可知，科學家需要更多地關注細節。C項中的details
呼應下文中的tiny observations。
17. B　本段指出科學家需要具備的另外一個品質——有包容的心
態，愿意接受不同的意見。B項中的He or she指代上文中的A good
scientist，且accept與上文中的accept是原詞復現關系。shade此處作動
詞，意為“隱瞞，掩飾”。
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