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Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1.She rushed d　　　　　　 and burst into the kitchen.
2.He didn’t work hard at English， o　　　　　　 he wouldn’t find it difficult to learn now.
3.C　　　　　　， she opened it and saw a bottle of perfume， half filled.
4.The farm and surrounding area were 　　　　　　（淹沒）.
5.Add more 　　　　　　（蜂蜜） if you have a sweet tooth.
6.The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the 　　　　　　（文件） today.
維度二：詞形轉換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1.The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of 　　　　　　（curious）.
2.To our great relief， donations began 　　　　　　（flood） in from hundreds of people.
3.Causes of the disease have been well 　　　　　　（document）.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語提示完成下列句子。
1.Telephone calls 　　　　　　　　　　from all over the country.
全國各地的電話像潮水般打來。
2.She showered， dressed herself and 　　　　　　　.
她沖了澡，穿上衣服下樓去了。
3.Do come to school on time， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
一定要按時到校，否則你將受到懲罰。
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Somalia， Kenya， and now Ethiopia are warning of a serious drought that affects millions of people in Eastern Africa.In Ethiopia’s Somali area， people have seen the failures of what should have been three straight rainy seasons.Droughts do come and go over the years.However， the lack of rainfall has led to the driest conditions in 40 years in parts of Somalia and Ethiopia.
　　UNICEF is the United Nations’ children’s agency.Local Zaynab Wali told a visiting team with UNICEF that she and her seven children had never seen a drought like this.She said the government gave out food for animals during the last drought five years ago.“This time， we even don’t have enough food for our family.”
　　Children walk among the bodies of dead animals，which died from lack of food and energy.Somalia Consortium works to improve international aid for Somalia.It said in a separate statement that in Somalia， more than 7 million people need emergency help.It is asking international organizations to give much more to the country.
　　“We are just one month into the long dry season， and I have already lost 25 goats and sheep，” Hafsa Bedel in Ethiopia’s Somali area told UNICEF.She also lost four camels， a large desert animal， as well.She said there was nowhere for her animals to eat.She added that there was not enough food for her own family， including her six children.
　　UNICEF thinks that more than 150，000 children in such areas of Ethiopia have dropped out of school.They are needed to help find the limited amount of water and help their families with other work.
　　One young boy was seen supporting an animal，a donkey.The donkey was once important for carrying goods.But now， it had become too weak to walk on its own.
1.Why did Zaynab Wali mention the last drought？（　　）
A.To show the need to protect animals.
B.To express her disappointment this time.
C.To prove the high frequency of drought.
D.To praise the government for its timely help.
2.What is Somalia Consortium trying to do now？（　　）
A.Get more foreign help.
B.Warn people of the risk of drought.
C.Offer more education to the children there.
D.Make clear the number of people in need.
3.What does the last paragraph mainly want to tell us？（　　）
A.The seriousness of the drought.
B.The functions of animals in farming.
C.The sweet picture of the boy and the animal.
D.The importance of taking care of the weak animal.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.Drought in Eastern Africa Leaves Animals in Danger
B.UN Officials Care for Children Affected by Drought
C.Millions Face Risk as Drought Affects Eastern Africa
D.Drought Makes People of Eastern Africa Leave Their Home
B
　　It was 8 June 1816 and it was early summer in Vermont， US.Yet， a wild winter snow-storm was going on.Nearly a foot of snow covered the fields which had been planted crops only weeks before.This storm would kill all of the crops.At the time， people struggled to understand what had caused the weather to change so wildly.It is only now，more than 200 years later， that scientists have finally solved the mystery.The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10，000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.
　　Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa， a beautiful land with rushing streams， gentle hills， and thick jungles， in Indonesia.Nobody had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano.It had been asleep for centuries， but on 5 April 1815， Tambora woke up.
　　The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and ash.But that was nothing compared with what would come five days later， on 10 April.The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas， fire and ash shot high into the sky.The day turned midnight black， but the mountain turned red as rivers of lava （巖漿） flowed down the mountain.
　　The eruption went on for more than three days，which instantly killed at least 12，000 people living on and around Mount Tambora.Ash and lava ruined the island’s soil and poisoned its rivers and streams.Rice fields were destroyed.No fruits or vegetables would grow.
　　There were no fish to catch； almost every animal had been killed.The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most powerful volcanic eruption in human history.
5.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph？（　　）
A.To lead in the topic. B.To present an argument.
C.To introduce Vermont. D.To explain the cause of a volcano.
6.When did Mount Tambora start erupting？（　　）
A.On 8 June 1816. B.On 13 April 1816.
C.On 5 April 1815. D.On 10 April 1815.
7.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph？（　　）
A.The process of the eruption was made up of three stages.
B.Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end.
C.The eruption of Tambora broke a historic record.
D.The eruption of Tambora led to a terrible disaster.
C
　　Some of the most attractive pictures to come out of the Alaska earthquake are the photos that show slope （斜坡） failures， in which parts of formerly solid hills caved in， tore or let loose.And if there happened to be a road or building on top of the slopes that failed， the result was horrible.
　　Slopes can fail without earthquakes， as the result of pouring rain or weathering.But the shaking caused by a quake — particularly a large one like what occurred near Anchorage on Friday — can either speed up the process or create entirely new failures that wouldn’t have other-wise happened.
　　Several slope failures were documented in the Anchorage area in the hours after the earthquake on Friday， the most interesting of which was on Vine Road southwest of Wasilla.It’s as if someone came along with a large destroying ball and dropped it on Vine Road， which wrinkled like a broken egg.
　　Scientists seemed surprised at how many slope failures occurred as a result of the 7.0-magnitude （震級） quake.The center of the quake was deep， at 27 miles below the surface — a key reason why the damage in Anchorage was relatively light.Such an earthquake would be expected to produce shaking over a large area， but probably with reasonably modest top ground accelerations， Friday’s earthquake would certainly be felt， but the surface of Earth wouldn’t be moving badly enough to produce widespread landslides.
　　Photos from Alaska show a lot of lateral （橫向的） spread， in which the ground tears open.Whatever is on top of the ground at the place it tears in half is also torn in half afterwards， like highways or buildings.The buildings surrounding the spread are also at risk of damage because of the force of the ground spreading out away from the tear.There’s also documentation of block spread，in which part of the ground breaks off a hill and slides away mostly perfect.
8.What do we know about slope failures？（　　）
A.They may cause earthquakes. B.They usually happen with a road on top.
C.They always happen with earthquakes. D.They may pull parts of the hills apart.
9.What can we infer from Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.Earthquakes have a great effect on slope failures.
B.Most slope failures occur after the pouring rain.
C.Earthquakes result in slope failures immediately.
D.Slope failures occur mainly with large earthquakes.
10.What did the scientists think of the Alaska earthquake on Friday？（　　）
A.It produced shaking over a large area.
B.It caused fewer slope failures than expected.
C.It wasn’t felt for its deep center.
D.It didn’t produce landslides.
11.In which circumstance can we find the ground slides down a hill almost unbroken？（　　）
A.Landslides. B.Slope failures.
C.Block spread. D.Lateral spread.
D
　　The European Space Agency （ESA） is working with NASA to create a shared time system for the moon.
　　There hasn’t been a need for the moon to have its own time.Each country that sent a mission （太空飛行任務） to the moon simply used its own time system.But now， lots of lunar missions from different countries are planned for the coming years.These missions will need to communicate with each other.
　　On Earth， most countries base their times on Coordinated Universal Time （UTC）.For example， the eastern United States is five hours behind UTC.Much of Europe and Africa is one hour ahead.To keep things simple and fair， the International Space Station （ISS） also uses UTC.Using UTC on the moon is one option.Space agencies could send a UTC time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS.
　　But there are some problems with the idea.If the UTC time signal failed， systems that depended on it could also fail.Another problem with using UTC is that the moon’s days are very different from Earth days.One full day on the moon lasts about 29.5 Earth days.What makes the problem especially tricky is that moon time really is different.Gravity affects how quickly time passes.Because the moon has about 1/6 of the Earth’s gravity， clocks there would run faster.
　　One of the main reasons ESA and NASA want to decide on a moon time isn’t just for people， but for machines.The space agencies will be sending lots of satellites to the moon over the next few years.The goal is to use the satellites to create a lunar GPS， so that astronauts and rovers （探測器） can figure out where they are instantly.But for a GPS system to work， the satellites must have very precise （精確的） timing.
12.Why does the moon need to have its own time？（　　）
A.To complete different lunar missions smoothly.
B.To help people know the time when on the moon.
C.To make satellites sent to the moon work well.
D.To help people explore other planets.
13.What can we learn about UTC？（　　）
A.Italy is five hours behind UTC.
B.The clocks on the ISS are set to UTC.
C.The western US is one hour ahead of UTC.
D.Most countries use UTC while doing lunar missions.
14.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？（　　）
A.The necessity of studying gravity on the moon.
B.How a shared system on Earth is developed.
C.Why UTC may not be used on the moon.
D.The ways to improve UTC.
15.The author mentions satellites in the last paragraph to 　　　　.（　　）
A.show the importance of lunar time
B.describe the history of lunar missions
C.discuss the future of lunar exploration
D.stress the necessity to create a lunar GPS
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　If you have been exposed to a natural disaster （for example， a tornado or hurricane）， it’s very important to learn ways of coping with them and their impact.Natural disasters can be considered dangerous events that have a high potential to place you at risk.16.（　　） Unlike other traumatic （痛苦的） events， natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss， further affecting your stress levels and disrupting （擾亂） coping efforts.Despite the effects of natural disasters， there are steps you can take to cope.
　　17.（　　） Over and over again， it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event.Given that a natural disaster can impact an entire community， your support system may be weakened by a natural disaster.
　　Try to establish a schedule.18.（　　）A natural disaster can greatly disrupt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your life feels out of ing up with a daily， structured schedule can help you establish a sense of predictability and control.
　　Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.19.（　　） A natural disaster can result in strong feelings of anger， anxiety， and sadness.These emotions need to be expressed.If you hold them in， they may only grow stronger.
　　Practice healthy coping strategies.Following a natural disaster， you’ll experience a number of intense negative emotions.20.（　　） Alcohol use， excessive sleep， or seeking comfort in food may be effective short-term strategies.However， in the long term， these strategies won’t address the real issue and will only cause your distress to increase.
A.Seek out and connect with social support.
B.Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life.
C.For example， set regular times for meals， or waking up in the morning.
D.Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress， anxiety， and anger.
E.Share your feelings with others， or find some ways to express your emotions.
F.Therefore， it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions.
G.Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your life back in order.
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是學校英語報的記者李華，上周學校組織學生去少年宮（the Children’s Palace）參加活動，讓學生在虛擬現實（VR）環境中體驗自然災害。請你以Our Experience Activity為題寫一篇報道，要點如下：
　　1.活動目的、時間等；2.體驗的內容及感悟。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Our Experience Activity
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.downstairs　2.otherwise　3.Curious　4.flooded
5.honey　6.documents
維度二
1.curiosity　2.flooding　3.documented
維度三
1.came flooding in　2.went downstairs
3.otherwise you shall be punished
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。東非地區出現嚴重干旱。文章對干旱原因和給東非人民和動物所帶來的巨大影響作了具體闡述。
1.B　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后兩句可知，Zaynab Wali提到在上次的干旱中，政府甚至為動物分發食物，而在這次干旱中她和家人的食物都短缺，言外之意是政府這次的安排與上次相比是很不妥的。由此推斷，她是想表達她對于這次干旱政府的安排的失望。
2.A　細節理解題。根據第三段最后三句可知，索馬里聯合會在努力獲得更多的國外援助。
3.A　段落大意題。根據最后一段可知，驢現在虛弱得都不能自己走路了，更別談運貨了，結合上文可知，這是因干旱而導致動物沒有食物吃所造成的。故本段主要想告訴我們干旱的嚴重性。
4.C　標題歸納題。根據文章第一句可知，索馬里、肯尼亞和埃塞俄比亞都警告說，東非出現嚴重干旱，影響數百萬人，后面段落對這次干旱的情況作了具體介紹。由此可知，本文是圍繞“干旱影響東非，使數百萬人面臨風險”這一話題進行闡述的。因此，C項最適合作文章標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章由1816年美國佛蒙特州的夏季暴雪為切入點，介紹了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了幾個世紀的坦博拉火山噴發了，坦博拉火山的噴發是當時人類歷史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆發。
5.A　目的意圖題。根據第一段最后兩句，并結合下文講述的坦博拉火山的爆發及造成的傷害可知，第一段的目的是引入話題。
6.C　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知，坦博拉火山開始噴發的時間是1815年4月5日。
7.D　段落大意題。根據最后一段內容可知，該段主要介紹坦博拉火山的爆發導致了一場可怕的災難。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過照片描述了阿拉斯加地震后的景象，包括地震對山體滑坡所造成的影響。
8.D　細節理解題。根據第一段第一句可知，山體滑坡時會造成山體的分開。
9.A　推理判斷題。根據第二段第二句可知，地震可能會加速山體滑坡的過程或造成新的山體滑坡。由此推斷，地震對山體滑坡有巨大的影響。
10.B　推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句可知，這次地震可以被感知到，但并沒有造成地表嚴重移動，從而引起大范圍的山體滑坡，這個結果出乎科學家的意料。
11.C　細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，在塊狀擴散的情況下，部分地面脫離山丘，會非常完整地滑落。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。歐洲航天局和美國航空航天局正致力于創建一個月球共享時間系統，以方便不同國家的月球任務順利開展。
12.A　細節理解題。根據第二段中的But now， lots of lunar missions from different countries are planned for the coming years.These missions will need to communicate with each other.可知，創建月球共享時間系統的目的是讓不同國家的月球任務能順利地溝通交流。
13.B　細節理解題。根據第三段中的the International Space Station （ISS） also uses UTC ...Space agencies could send a UTC time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS.可知，在國際空間站（ISS）中，人們使用協調世界時（UTC）。
14.C　段落大意題。第四段中指出，在月球上使用UTC難點有二：一是UTC信號可能會接收不成功，導致整個系統癱瘓；二是月球上的一天與地球上的一天時間長短不同，受重力影響，月球上的時間流逝速度比地球上的快。故本段主要說明了為何UTC在月球上可能不可行。
15.A　推理判斷題。最后一段首先指出歐洲航天局和美國航空航天局想要創建月球時間不僅是為了人，也是為了機器；隨后指出航天局未來幾年會向月球發射大量人造衛星，旨在建立月球定位系統，來幫助航天員和探測器確定位置；最后指出該定位系統的運轉需要人造衛星有非常精確的定時。由此推知，最后一段提及人造衛星是為了表明月球時間的重要性。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章告訴人們如何來處理經歷自然災害之后不適的情緒。
16.D　根據下文可知，自然災害不但會造成財產損失，而且還會造成心理上的壓力。D項（自然災害會帶來高強度的壓力、焦慮和憤怒）符合語境。
17.A　設空處位于段首，為本段主旨句。根據下文可知，本段建議要在其他人那里尋求幫助和支持。A項（尋找并聯系社會支持）符合語境。
18.C　根據本段主旨句Try to establish a schedule.可知，本段建議制訂一個時間表，所以此處應具體來解釋這個做法。C項（例如，固定吃飯時間或者早上起床時間）舉例說明要建立時間表，符合語境。
19.E　根據本段主旨句Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.可知，本段建議通過和其他人交流的方式來釋放自己壓抑的情感。E項（與他人分享你的感受或者找一些方式來表達你的情緒）符合語境。
20.F　根據空前內容可知，在自然災害中有強烈的消極情感后，一定要用健康的方法去調整這樣的情緒。F項（因此，找到管理這些情緒的健康方式是非常重要的）符合語境。
Ⅲ.
Our Experience Activity
　　Our school organized us to participate in an activity in the Children’s Palace from 2：00 p.m.to 5：30 p.m. on 17 December， which was aimed to help us learn more about natural disasters.
　　During the activity， we learned some basic ways to deal with distinct natural disasters.We also experienced natural disasters such as an earthquake， a flood， a tornado， a tsunami and a volcanic eruption in VR， where we deeply felt the danger of natural pared to the knowledge we have gained in our class， what we have learnt in the activity is practical and instructive.
6 / 6Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
續寫一篇關于洪災的故事
　　本單元寫作任務是續寫一篇關于洪災的故事，屬于敘事類記敘文。敘事類記敘文以敘述事件為主，著重描述事件發生的時間、地點、人物、起因、經過和結果，通過敘述一件事來說明一個道理或表達一種思想感情，或給讀者一種啟迪。
　　讀后續寫是一種將閱讀與寫作緊密結合起來進行考查的新題型。讀后續寫具有如下特點：一是續寫不是隨心所欲的，要根據所給材料及段落開頭語完成續寫部分；二是讀后續寫所給的材料多為記敘文，情節曲折且邏輯性比較強；三是讀后續寫要求讀寫并重，也就是要讀透所給材料，對文章線索做到精確理解，這樣才能使續寫內容不偏離主題；四是續寫部分的思路和內容并不是唯一的，學生可以根據自己對文章的理解，對文章的結尾作不同的詮釋。
　　續寫時要注意以下幾點：
1.精讀所給語言材料，真正讀懂原文，熟悉故事脈絡，明確文章的主旨大意。
2.尋找原文內容與續寫首句之間的內在聯系，站在作者的角度設計情節，想象要合理，情節要連貫。
3.續寫情節一般為故事的高潮或結局，是原作者聲音的延續，因此，要盡量符合原作者的思路，并求得與讀者的心理共鳴。
4.設計的結局要盡量完美，即所續寫內容要積極、健康，把事物美好的一面展現給讀者。
5.利用已有的知識經驗，在延續原作的風格和語言的基礎之上，準確、地道地表達，同時提高關聯詞與過渡語的使用率，增強整句的表現力。
一、寫作常用詞匯
1.nervous adj.　　　　 緊張不安的
2.rescue n.& vt. 營救，救援
3.comfort vt. 安慰
4.rain non-stop 雨下個不停
5.in panic 恐慌地
6.flood in 涌入
7.be trapped in 困于……之中
8.at a loss 不知所措
9.keep one’s head 保持頭腦清醒
10.force the door open 撞開門
11.rush out 沖出去
12.disaster supplies 賑災物資
13.in ruins 嚴重受損；破敗不堪
14.a first-aid kit 一套急救用品
15.stay/keep calm 保持冷靜
16.call an emergency 打緊急電話
17.in shock 震驚；吃驚
18.sweep away 消滅；徹底消除
二、寫作常用句式（注意加黑部分的表達）
（一）人物對話描寫
　　“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave here right away！”
　　“No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has already been flooded.”
　　“We can drive our car through the floodwater！ Let’s just leave！ I’m really scared！” cried Mary.
　　“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
　　“Don’t open the door！” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time.“The water may flood in！”
　　“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said softly， trying her best to comfort Mary.
（二）場景描寫
1.It had been raining non-stop for three days.
2.The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows.
3.The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside.
（三）動作描寫
1.Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside.
2.Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio， while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
3.Mary walked to the door.She was curious to see how much water there was outside.
4.Dad moved the dinner table against the door， in case the floodwater forced the door open.
5.Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa.
6.Without saying a single word， Dad walked to the sofa， sat down and hugged his wife and daughter.
　　課文Caught in a flood講述了一個家庭遭遇洪水的故事，請閱讀課文，根據文中所給信息續寫這個故事，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續寫詞數應為150左右。
第一步：泛讀，把握文章要素
第二步：精讀，理清故事線索
1.情節發展線
2.情感變化線
第三步：構思，推測續寫情節
1.先根據文中已知信息，預測結果
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave here right away！” “No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has already been flooded.”...“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
結果：Mary and her family will 　　　　　　　　　　waiting for rescue.
2.后根據文本發展線索，推斷細節
What safety tips can be used to protect themselves？ Will there be any emotional changes？
（1）根據文章第一段的Mary and her parents were ①　　　　　　　　 in the living room； Mum was putting ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 into a bag.可勾勒出下面續寫部分的一些細節。
續寫：到樓上之后，他們松了一口氣。樓下洪水已經涌進了整個起居室。他們都很緊張。幸運的是，他們有足夠的食物和水。
（2）根據文章中的Dad was listening to a weather report ①　　　　　　　　　　； The radio says the city has already been flooded； “Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said softly， trying her best to ②　　　　　　 Mary； Dad walked to the sofa， sat down and ③　　　　　　 his wife and daughter.可勾勒出下面續寫部分的一些細節。
續寫：爸爸安慰、鼓勵她們。后來他們從收音機中得知政府正在組織救援隊乘船來營救困在家里的人們。想到即將得救，他們激動不已。
第四步：續寫，優化潤色成文
　　續寫時，要正確利用對話、場景和動作。遵循與原有的語言風格保持一致的原則。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【即時演練】
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
　　My best friend Lily and I met in high school.Ever since then， we had spent New Year’s Eve together.We’d watch the New Year’s celebration in Times Square together on TV， a world-renowned tradition for millions to welcome the new year.Every year， thousands of people will gather in Times Square in New York in person on New Year’s Eve counting down to the new year， with celebrations and performances after midnight.And we’d always say that one day we should go there ourselves.
　　Then we both went to college.Struggling through exams and schoolwork， we had little time to meet up.We missed each other terribly and decided it was time to finally go to New York ourselves， to be present at the New Year’s celebration， and to do something fun together.
　　We worked out our schedule， bought tickets for everything and， most importantly， planned how to survive the long hours of waiting in the biting cold before the celebration—we wanted the best spot possible， and there’s only so much space， so we had no choice but to get to the Times Square early.
　　When the big day finally arrived， it became snowy and colder than any cold we had ever experienced.Actually it was one of the coldest New Year’s Eves on record.Everyone thought we were going to back out.
　　But we didn’t.We didn’t make it that far to back out.
　　We woke up and set off early.And， of course， we did freeze along the way， but we kept cheering each other up.Once we got there， we found our way to the line pretty quickly， considering everyone else was pushing their way in the same direction.We got in line and waited to finally get into our area in the Times Square， which thankfully was pretty spacious and close to the stage.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our toes.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words as loud as possible.　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
otherwise adv.否則，不然；除此以外
【教材原句】　“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
“親愛的，我們不能那樣做，”媽媽解釋道，“否則流動的水會把車沖走的！”
【用法】
（1）otherwise＝or/or else　否則，不然 常用句型：祈使句＋otherwise＋陳述句 （2）otherwise＝in the other way/in a different way 以其他方式；另；亦 （3）otherwise作副詞時，有時表示一種含蓄的虛擬條件，此時其后的句子用虛擬語氣 （4）or otherwise 或其他情況；或相反
【佳句】　You have to go now， otherwise you’ll miss your bus.
你現在就得走，要不然就趕不上公共汽車了。
I’ve got a cold — otherwise I would love to see the film with you.我感冒了——否則我會很樂意和你一起去看電影。
【練透】　語境辨義/完成句子
①We must hurry， otherwise we’ll miss the train. 　　　　　
②There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent. 　　　　　
③Thanks for your suggestion， otherwise I 　　　　　　　　　　to solve this problem.
謝謝你的建議，要不然我不會順利地解決這個問題。
【寫美】　句型轉換
④If you don’t seize the chance， you will regret it.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （otherwise）
curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
【教材原句】　She was curious to see how much water there was outside.
她好奇地想看看外面有多少水。
【用法】
（1）be curious about 　　　對……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 渴望做某事 it is curious that ... 不尋常的是…… （2）curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 滿足某人的好奇心 （3）curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪的是
【佳句】　In high school， I was curious about the computer and built my first website.
中學時，我對電腦很好奇，并建立了我的第一個網站。
It is good to be curious about the world around you because curiosity is the best teacher.
對你周圍的世界感到好奇是件好事，因為好奇是最好的老師。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over 　　　　　　（curious）.
②The little girl looked at me with 　　　　　　（curious）.
③People gathered round， curious 　　　　　　（know） what was happening in the distance.
【寫美】　根據漢語提示完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　 （對一切感到好奇）， we walked about in the school.
⑤　　　　　　　　　 （出于好奇）， the girl can’t wait to open the envelope.
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
【典例體驗·提素能】
第一步
1.Mary， Mum，Dad　2.rainy　3.In their house/In their living room　4.were caught in a　5.has been raining
6.has been flooded　7.survive
第二步
1.①three　②roared　③leaving the house
④has been flooded　⑤the dinner table　⑥hugged
2.①scared　②worried　③calm
第三步
1.stay at home
2.（1）①downstairs　②their important documents and disaster supplies
（2）①on the radio　②comfort　③hugged
第四步
　　After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad decided they should stay in the house.They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk through the water to get to higher ground.
　　“Mary， we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there，” said Mum.
　　“OK， Mum.If that’s what you think is best，” Mary replied uncertainly.
　　So they went upstairs and waited.Downstairs， water started flooding into the living room and kitchen.All three of them were nervous， but at least they had enough supplies， including food and drinking water.
　　Finally， the rain stopped， but Mary and her family could not leave while the house was still flooded.They listened to the radio and learnt that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were trapped in their homes.They waited for a boat to arrive at their house.Their home had been badly damaged， but they were all happy to be alive.
即時演練
　　Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our toes.The icy wind started howling， cutting my face like a sharp knife.We sat down on the ground in Times Square， took off each other’s shoes， and shoved in some hand-warmers.We ate cheese sticks covered in turkey， jumped up and down， and did pretty much anything we could think of to stay warm.The temperature kept dropping， but our spirits never did， at least not enough to make us actually want to leave.We joked and laughed， waiting for the magic moment.
　　“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words as loud as possible.The clock struck midnight！ Before we knew it， performers were singing， and we were singing along excitedly.With the crowd cheering in a loud collective voice， we finally understood what it felt like to be present at the celebration in person， in such a state of joy， with tens of thousands of people from all over the world.Lily leaned on my shoulder with happiness on her face.Whatever exhaustion and cold we’d previously felt was forgotten， and we knew we had done something amazing together.
【核心知識·巧突破】
1.①否則，不然　②除此以外　③wouldn’t have managed　④Seize the chance， otherwise you will regret it.
2.①curiously　②curiosity　③to know　④Curious about everything　⑤Out of curiosity
4 / 5(共92張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
續寫一篇關于洪災的故事
1
寫作指導·增底蘊
目 錄
2
典例體驗 · 提素能
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
寫作指導·增底蘊
儲備寫作素材
1
　　本單元寫作任務是續寫一篇關于洪災的故事，屬于敘事類記敘
文。敘事類記敘文以敘述事件為主，著重描述事件發生的時間、地
點、人物、起因、經過和結果，通過敘述一件事來說明一個道理或表
達一種思想感情，或給讀者一種啟迪。
　　讀后續寫是一種將閱讀與寫作緊密結合起來進行考查的新題型。
讀后續寫具有如下特點：一是續寫不是隨心所欲的，要根據所給材料
及段落開頭語完成續寫部分；二是讀后續寫所給的材料多為記敘文，
情節曲折且邏輯性比較強；三是讀后續寫要求讀寫并重，也就是要讀
透所給材料，對文章線索做到精確理解，這樣才能使續寫內容不偏離
主題；四是續寫部分的思路和內容并不是唯一的，學生可以根據自己
對文章的理解，對文章的結尾作不同的詮釋。
　　續寫時要注意以下幾點：
1. 精讀所給語言材料，真正讀懂原文，熟悉故事脈絡，明確文章的主
旨大意。
2. 尋找原文內容與續寫首句之間的內在聯系，站在作者的角度設計情
節，想象要合理，情節要連貫。
3. 續寫情節一般為故事的高潮或結局，是原作者聲音的延續，因此，
要盡量符合原作者的思路，并求得與讀者的心理共鳴。
4. 設計的結局要盡量完美，即所續寫內容要積極、健康，把事物美好
的一面展現給讀者。
5. 利用已有的知識經驗，在延續原作的風格和語言的基礎之上，準
確、地道地表達，同時提高關聯詞與過渡語的使用率，增強整句的
表現力。
一、寫作常用詞匯
1. nervous adj. 緊張不安的
2. rescue n.& vt. 營救，救援
3. comfort vt. 安慰
4. rain non-stop 雨下個不停
5. in panic 恐慌地
6. flood in 涌入
7. be trapped in 困于……之中
8. at a loss 不知所措
9. keep one’s head 保持頭腦清醒
10. force the door open 撞開門
11. rush out 沖出去
12. disaster supplies 賑災物資
13. in ruins 嚴重受損；破敗不堪
14. a first-aid kit 一套急救用品
15. stay/keep calm 保持冷靜
16. call an emergency 打緊急電話
17. in shock 震驚；吃驚
18. sweep away 消滅；徹底消除
二、寫作常用句式（注意加藍部分的表達）
（一）人物對話描寫
　　“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave
here right away！”
　　“No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has
already been flooded.”
　　“We can drive our car through the floodwater！ Let’s just leave！
I’m really scared！” cried Mary.
　　“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise
the moving water could wash the car away！”
　“Don’t open the door！” shouted Mum and Dad at the same
time.“The water may flood in！”
　　“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said
softly， trying her best to comfort Mary.
（二）場景描寫
1. It had been raining non-stop for three days.
2. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows.
3. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain
more frightening outside.
（三）動作描寫
1. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside.
2. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio， while Mum was
putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
3. Mary walked to the door.She was curious to see how much water there
was outside.
4. Dad moved the dinner table against the door， in case the floodwater
forced the door open.
5. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa.
6. Without saying a single word， Dad walked to the sofa， sat down
and hugged his wife and daughter.
典例體驗 · 提素能
點撥寫作技法
2
　　課文Caught in a flood講述了一個家庭遭遇洪水的故事，請閱讀課
文，根據文中所給信息續寫這個故事，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續
寫詞數應為150左右。
第一步：泛讀，把握文章要素
第二步：精讀，理清故事線索
1. 情節發展線
2. 情感變化線
第三步：構思，推測續寫情節
1. 先根據文中已知信息，預測結果
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave
here right away！” “No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio
says the city has already been flooded.”...“We can’t do that，
honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could
wash the car away！”
結果：Mary and her family will waiting for rescue.
stay at home　
2. 后根據文本發展線索，推斷細節
What safety tips can be used to protect themselves？ Will there be any
emotional changes？
（1）根據文章第一段的Mary and her parents were ①
in the living room； Mum was putting ②
into a bag.可勾勒出下面續
寫部分的一些細節。
續寫：到樓上之后，他們松了一口氣。樓下洪水已經涌進了
整個起居室。他們都很緊張。幸運的是，他們有足夠的食物
和水。
downstairs　
their important
documents and disaster supplies　
（2）根據文章中的Dad was listening to a weather report ①
； The radio says the city has already been flooded；
“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she
said softly， trying her best to ② Mary； Dad
walked to the sofa， sat down and ③ his wife and
daughter.可勾勒出下面續寫部分的一些細節。
續寫：爸爸安慰、鼓勵她們。后來他們從收音機中得知政府
正在組織救援隊乘船來營救困在家里的人們。想到即將得
救，他們激動不已。
on the
radio　
comfort　
hugged　
第四步：續寫，優化潤色成文
　　續寫時，要正確利用對話、場景和動作。遵循與原有的語言風格
保持一致的原則。
　　


　　

　　 　After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad decided they should stay
in the house.They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk
through the water to get to higher ground.　
　　 　“Mary， we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there，” said
Mum.　
　　

　　



　　 　“OK， Mum.If that’s what you think is best，” Mary replied
uncertainly.　
　　 　So they went upstairs and waited.Downstairs， water started
flooding into the living room and kitchen.All three of them were
nervous， but at least they had enough supplies， including food and
drinking water.　
　　





　　 　Finally， the rain stopped， but Mary and her family could not
leave while the house was still flooded.They listened to the radio and
learnt that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were
trapped in their homes.They waited for a boat to arrive at their
house.Their home had been badly damaged， but they were all happy to
be alive.　
【即時演練】
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構
成一篇完整的短文。
　　My best friend Lily and I met in high school.Ever since then， we
had spent New Year’s Eve together.We’d watch the New Year’s
celebration in Times Square together on TV， a world-renowned tradition
for millions to welcome the new year.Every year， thousands of people
will gather in Times Square in New York in person on New Year’s Eve
counting down to the new year， with celebrations and performances after
midnight.And we’d always say that one day we should go there ourselves.
　　Then we both went to college.Struggling through exams and
schoolwork， we had little time to meet up.We missed each other terribly
and decided it was time to finally go to New York ourselves， to be
present at the New Year’s celebration， and to do something fun together.
　　We worked out our schedule， bought tickets for everything and，
most importantly， planned how to survive the long hours of waiting in the
biting cold before the celebration—we wanted the best spot possible， and
there’s only so much space， so we had no choice but to get to the Times
Square early.
　　When the big day finally arrived， it became snowy and colder than
any cold we had ever experienced.Actually it was one of the coldest New
Year’s Eves on record.Everyone thought we were going to back out.
　　But we didn’t.We didn’t make it that far to back out.
　　We woke up and set off early.And， of course， we did freeze along
the way， but we kept cheering each other up.Once we got there， we
found our way to the line pretty quickly， considering everyone else was
pushing their way in the same direction.We got in line and waited to
finally get into our area in the Times Square， which thankfully was pretty
spacious and close to the stage.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our toes. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words as loud as possible. 　　　　　　
　　　 　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
參考范文：
　　Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our
toes.The icy wind started howling， cutting my face like a sharp
knife.We sat down on the ground in Times Square， took off each
other’s shoes， and shoved in some hand-warmers.We ate cheese sticks
covered in turkey， jumped up and down， and did pretty much anything
we could think of to stay warm.The temperature kept dropping， but our
spirits never did， at least not enough to make us actually want to
leave.We joked and laughed， waiting for the magic moment.
　　“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words
as loud as possible.The clock struck midnight！ Before we knew it，
performers were singing， and we were singing along excitedly.With the
crowd cheering in a loud collective voice， we finally understood what it
felt like to be present at the celebration in person， in such a state of joy，
with tens of thousands of people from all over the world.Lily leaned on
my shoulder with happiness on her face.Whatever exhaustion and cold
we’d previously felt was forgotten， and we knew we had done
something amazing together.
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
otherwise adv.否則，不然；除此以外
【教材原句】　“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum，
“otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”“親愛的，
我們不能那樣做，”媽媽解釋道，“否則流動的水會把車沖走的！”
【用法】
（1）otherwise＝or/or else　否則，不然
常用句型：祈使句＋otherwise＋陳述句
（2）otherwise＝in the other way/in a different way 以其他方式；另；亦
（3）otherwise作副詞時，有時表示一種含蓄的虛擬條件，此時其后
的句子用虛擬語氣
（4）or otherwise 或其他情況；或相反
【佳句】　You have to go now， otherwise you’ll miss your bus.你現
在就得走，要不然就趕不上公共汽車了。
I’ve got a cold — otherwise I would love to see the film with you.
我感冒了——否則我會很樂意和你一起去看電影。
【練透】 語境辨義/完成句子
①We must hurry， otherwise we’ll miss the train.
②There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.
③Thanks for your suggestion， otherwise I to solve this problem.
謝謝你的建議，要不然我不會順利地解決這個問題。
否則，不然　
除此以外　
wouldn’t have managed　
【寫美】　句型轉換
④If you don’t seize the chance， you will regret it.
→ （otherwise）
Seize the chance， otherwise you will regret it.　
curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
【教材原句】　She was curious to see how much water there was
outside.
她好奇地想看看外面有多少水。
【用法】
（1）be curious about 　　對……感到好奇
be curious to do sth 渴望做某事
it is curious that ... 不尋常的是……
（2）curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 滿足某人的好奇心
（3）curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪的是
【佳句】　In high school， I was curious about the computer and built
my first website.
中學時，我對電腦很好奇，并建立了我的第一個網站。
It is good to be curious about the world around you because curiosity is
the best teacher.
對你周圍的世界感到好奇是件好事，因為好奇是最好的老師。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over
（curious）.
②The little girl looked at me with （curious）.
③People gathered round， curious （know） what was
happening in the distance.
curiously　
curiosity　
to know　
【寫美】　根據漢語提示完成句子
④ （對一切感到好奇）， we walked
about in the school.
⑤ （出于好奇）， the girl can’t wait to open the
envelope.
Curious about everything　
Out of curiosity　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1. She rushed d and burst into the kitchen.
2. He didn’t work hard at English， o he wouldn’t find it
difficult to learn now.
3. C ， she opened it and saw a bottle of perfume， half filled.
4. The farm and surrounding area were （淹沒）.
ownstairs　
therwise　
urious　
flooded　
5. Add more （蜂蜜） if you have a sweet tooth.
6. The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the
（文件） today.
honey　
documents　
維度二：詞形轉換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1. The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of
（curious）.
2. To our great relief， donations began （flood） in from
hundreds of people.
3. Causes of the disease have been well （document）.
curiosity　
flooding　
documented　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語提示完成下列句子。
1. Telephone calls from all over the country.
全國各地的電話像潮水般打來。
2. She showered， dressed herself and .
她沖了澡，穿上衣服下樓去了。
3. Do come to school on time， .
一定要按時到校，否則你將受到懲罰。
came flooding in　
went downstairs　
otherwise you shall be punished　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Somalia， Kenya， and now Ethiopia are warning of a serious
drought that affects millions of people in Eastern Africa.In Ethiopia’s
Somali area， people have seen the failures of what should have been
three straight rainy seasons.Droughts do come and go over the
years.However， the lack of rainfall has led to the driest conditions in 40
years in parts of Somalia and Ethiopia.
　　UNICEF is the United Nations’ children’s agency.Local Zaynab
Wali told a visiting team with UNICEF that she and her seven children had
never seen a drought like this.She said the government gave out food for
animals during the last drought five years ago.“This time， we even
don’t have enough food for our family.”
　　Children walk among the bodies of dead animals，which died from
lack of food and energy.Somalia Consortium works to improve
international aid for Somalia.It said in a separate statement that in
Somalia， more than 7 million people need emergency help.It is asking
international organizations to give much more to the country.
　　“We are just one month into the long dry season， and I have
already lost 25 goats and sheep，” Hafsa Bedel in Ethiopia’s Somali
area told UNICEF. She also lost four camels， a large desert animal， as
well.She said there was nowhere for her animals to eat.She added that
there was not enough food for her own family， including her six
children.
　　UNICEF thinks that more than 150，000 children in such areas of
Ethiopia have dropped out of school.They are needed to help find the
limited amount of water and help their families with other work.
　　One young boy was seen supporting an animal，a donkey.The
donkey was once important for carrying goods.But now， it had become
too weak to walk on its own.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。東非地區出現嚴重干旱。文章對
干旱原因和給東非人民和動物所帶來的巨大影響作了具體闡述。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。東非地區出現嚴重干旱。文章對
干旱原因和給東非人民和動物所帶來的巨大影響作了具體闡述。
1. Why did Zaynab Wali mention the last drought？（　　）
A. To show the need to protect animals.
B. To express her disappointment this time.
C. To prove the high frequency of drought.
D. To praise the government for its timely help.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后兩句可知，Zaynab
Wali提到在上次的干旱中，政府甚至為動物分發食物，而在這
次干旱中她和家人的食物都短缺，言外之意是政府這次的安排
與上次相比是很不妥的。由此推斷，她是想表達她對于這次干
旱政府的安排的失望。
2. What is Somalia Consortium trying to do now？（　　）
A. Get more foreign help.
B. Warn people of the risk of drought.
C. Offer more education to the children there.
D. Make clear the number of people in need.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段最后三句可知，索馬里聯合會
在努力獲得更多的國外援助。
3. What does the last paragraph mainly want to tell us？（　　）
A. The seriousness of the drought.
B. The functions of animals in farming.
C. The sweet picture of the boy and the animal.
D. The importance of taking care of the weak animal.
解析：　段落大意題。根據最后一段可知，驢現在虛弱得都不能
自己走路了，更別談運貨了，結合上文可知，這是因干旱而導致動
物沒有食物吃所造成的。故本段主要想告訴我們干旱的嚴重性。
4. Which is the most suitable title for the text？（　　）
A. Drought in Eastern Africa Leaves Animals in Danger
B. UN Officials Care for Children Affected by Drought
C. Millions Face Risk as Drought Affects Eastern Africa
D. Drought Makes People of Eastern Africa Leave Their Home
解析：　標題歸納題。根據文章第一句可知，索馬里、肯尼亞和
埃塞俄比亞都警告說，東非出現嚴重干旱，影響數百萬人，后面段
落對這次干旱的情況作了具體介紹。由此可知，本文是圍繞“干旱
影響東非，使數百萬人面臨風險”這一話題進行闡述的。因此，C
項最適合作文章標題。
B
　　It was 8 June 1816 and it was early summer in Vermont， US. Yet，
a wild winter snow-storm was going on.Nearly a foot of snow covered the
fields which had been planted crops only weeks before.This storm would
kill all of the crops.At the time， people struggled to understand what had
caused the weather to change so wildly.It is only now，more than 200
years later， that scientists have finally solved the mystery.The cause of
the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10，
000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.
　　Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa， a beautiful land with
rushing streams， gentle hills， and thick jungles， in Indonesia.Nobody
had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano.It had
been asleep for centuries， but on 5 April 1815， Tambora woke up.
　　The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and
ash.But that was nothing compared with what would come five days
later， on 10 April.The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas， fire
and ash shot high into the sky.The day turned midnight black， but the
mountain turned red as rivers of lava （巖漿） flowed down the
mountain.
　　The eruption went on for more than three days，which instantly
killed at least 12，000 people living on and around Mount Tambora.Ash
and lava ruined the island’s soil and poisoned its rivers and streams.Rice
fields were destroyed.No fruits or vegetables would grow.
　　There were no fish to catch； almost every animal had been
killed.The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most
powerful volcanic eruption in human history.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章由1816年美國佛蒙特州的夏季
暴雪為切入點，介紹了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了幾個世紀的坦博拉
火山噴發了，坦博拉火山的噴發是當時人類歷史上最致命、威力最
大的火山爆發。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章由1816年美國佛蒙特州的夏季
暴雪為切入點，介紹了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了幾個世紀的坦博拉
火山噴發了，坦博拉火山的噴發是當時人類歷史上最致命、威力最
大的火山爆發。
5. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph？（　　）
A. To lead in the topic.
B. To present an argument.
C. To introduce Vermont.
D. To explain the cause of a volcano.
解析：　目的意圖題。根據第一段最后兩句，并結合下文講述的
坦博拉火山的爆發及造成的傷害可知，第一段的目的是引入話題。
6. When did Mount Tambora start erupting？（　　）
A. On 8 June 1816. B. On 13 April 1816.
C. On 5 April 1815. D. On 10 April 1815.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知，坦博拉火山開
始噴發的時間是1815年4月5日。
7. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph？（　　）
A. The process of the eruption was made up of three stages.
B. Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end.
C. The eruption of Tambora broke a historic record.
D. The eruption of Tambora led to a terrible disaster.
解析：　段落大意題。根據最后一段內容可知，該段主要介紹坦
博拉火山的爆發導致了一場可怕的災難。
C
　　Some of the most attractive pictures to come out of the Alaska
earthquake are the photos that show slope （斜坡） failures， in which
parts of formerly solid hills caved in， tore or let loose.And if there
happened to be a road or building on top of the slopes that failed， the
result was horrible.
　　Slopes can fail without earthquakes， as the result of pouring rain or
weathering.But the shaking caused by a quake — particularly a large one
like what occurred near Anchorage on Friday — can either speed up the
process or create entirely new failures that wouldn’t have other-wise
happened.
　　Several slope failures were documented in the Anchorage area in the
hours after the earthquake on Friday， the most interesting of which was
on Vine Road southwest of Wasilla.It’s as if someone came along with a
large destroying ball and dropped it on Vine Road， which wrinkled like a
broken egg.
　　Scientists seemed surprised at how many slope failures occurred as a
result of the 7.0-magnitude （震級） quake.The center of the quake was
deep， at 27 miles below the surface — a key reason why the damage in
Anchorage was relatively light.Such an earthquake would be expected to
produce shaking over a large area， but probably with reasonably modest
top ground accelerations， Friday’s earthquake would certainly be felt，
but the surface of Earth wouldn’t be moving badly enough to produce
widespread landslides.
　　Photos from Alaska show a lot of lateral （橫向的） spread， in
which the ground tears open.Whatever is on top of the ground at the place
it tears in half is also torn in half afterwards， like highways or
buildings.The buildings surrounding the spread are also at risk of damage
because of the force of the ground spreading out away from the
tear.There’s also documentation of block spread，in which part of the
ground breaks off a hill and slides away mostly perfect.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過照片描述了阿拉斯加地震
后的景象，包括地震對山體滑坡所造成的影響。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過照片描述了阿拉斯加地震
后的景象，包括地震對山體滑坡所造成的影響。
8. What do we know about slope failures？（　　）
A. They may cause earthquakes.
B. They usually happen with a road on top.
C. They always happen with earthquakes.
D. They may pull parts of the hills apart.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段第一句可知，山體滑坡時會造
成山體的分開。
9. What can we infer from Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. Earthquakes have a great effect on slope failures.
B. Most slope failures occur after the pouring rain.
C. Earthquakes result in slope failures immediately.
D. Slope failures occur mainly with large earthquakes.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段第二句可知，地震可能會加速山
體滑坡的過程或造成新的山體滑坡。由此推斷，地震對山體滑坡有巨
大的影響。
10. What did the scientists think of the Alaska earthquake on Friday？
（　　）
A. It produced shaking over a large area.
B. It caused fewer slope failures than expected.
C. It wasn’t felt for its deep center.
D. It didn’t produce landslides.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句可知，這次地震可
以被感知到，但并沒有造成地表嚴重移動，從而引起大范圍的山
體滑坡，這個結果出乎科學家的意料。
11. In which circumstance can we find the ground slides down a hill
almost unbroken？（　　）
A. Landslides. B. Slope failures.
C. Block spread. D. Lateral spread.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，在塊狀擴
散的情況下，部分地面脫離山丘，會非常完整地滑落。
D
　　The European Space Agency （ESA） is working with NASA to
create a shared time system for the moon.
　　There hasn’t been a need for the moon to have its own time.Each
country that sent a mission （太空飛行任務） to the moon simply used
its own time system.But now， lots of lunar missions from different
countries are planned for the coming years.These missions will need to
communicate with each other.
　　On Earth， most countries base their times on Coordinated Universal Time （UTC）.For example， the eastern United States is five hours behind UTC. Much of Europe and Africa is one hour ahead.To keep things simple and fair， the International Space Station （ISS） also uses UTC. Using UTC on the moon is one option.Space agencies could send a UTC time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS.
　　But there are some problems with the idea.If the UTC time signal
failed， systems that depended on it could also fail.Another problem with
using UTC is that the moon’s days are very different from Earth
days.One full day on the moon lasts about 29.5 Earth days.What makes
the problem especially tricky is that moon time really is different.Gravity
affects how quickly time passes.Because the moon has about 1/6 of the
Earth’s gravity， clocks there would run faster.
　　One of the main reasons ESA and NASA want to decide on a moon
time isn’t just for people， but for machines.The space agencies will be
sending lots of satellites to the moon over the next few years.The goal is to
use the satellites to create a lunar GPS， so that astronauts and rovers （探
測器） can figure out where they are instantly.But for a GPS system to
work， the satellites must have very precise （精確的） timing.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。歐洲航天局和美國航空航天局正
致力于創建一個月球共享時間系統，以方便不同國家的月球任務順
利開展。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。歐洲航天局和美國航空航天局正
致力于創建一個月球共享時間系統，以方便不同國家的月球任務順
利開展。
12. Why does the moon need to have its own time？（　　）
A. To complete different lunar missions smoothly.
B. To help people know the time when on the moon.
C. To make satellites sent to the moon work well.
D. To help people explore other planets.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的But now， lots of lunar
missions from different countries are planned for the coming
years.These missions will need to communicate with each other.可
知，創建月球共享時間系統的目的是讓不同國家的月球任務能順
利地溝通交流。
13. What can we learn about UTC？（　　）
A. Italy is five hours behind UTC.
B. The clocks on the ISS are set to UTC.
C. The western US is one hour ahead of UTC.
D. Most countries use UTC while doing lunar missions.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中的the International Space
Station （ISS） also uses UTC ...Space agencies could send a UTC
time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS. 可知，在國
際空間站（ISS）中，人們使用協調世界時（UTC）。
14. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？（　　）
A. The necessity of studying gravity on the moon.
B. How a shared system on Earth is developed.
C. Why UTC may not be used on the moon.
D. The ways to improve UTC.
解析：　段落大意題。第四段中指出，在月球上使用UTC難點
有二：一是UTC信號可能會接收不成功，導致整個系統癱瘓；二
是月球上的一天與地球上的一天時間長短不同，受重力影響，月
球上的時間流逝速度比地球上的快。故本段主要說明了為何UTC
在月球上可能不可行。
15. The author mentions satellites in the last paragraph to 　　　　.
（　　）
A. show the importance of lunar time
B. describe the history of lunar missions
C. discuss the future of lunar exploration
D. stress the necessity to create a lunar GPS
解析：　推理判斷題。最后一段首先指出歐洲航天局和美國航
空航天局想要創建月球時間不僅是為了人，也是為了機器；隨后
指出航天局未來幾年會向月球發射大量人造衛星，旨在建立月球
定位系統，來幫助航天員和探測器確定位置；最后指出該定位系
統的運轉需要人造衛星有非常精確的定時。由此推知，最后一段
提及人造衛星是為了表明月球時間的重要性。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　If you have been exposed to a natural disaster （for example， a
tornado or hurricane）， it’s very important to learn ways of coping with
them and their impact.Natural disasters can be considered dangerous
events that have a high potential to place you at risk.16.（　　） Unlike
other traumatic （痛苦的） events， natural disasters can also result in
the destruction of property and financial loss， further affecting your stress
levels and disrupting （擾亂） coping efforts.Despite the effects of
natural disasters， there are steps you can take to cope.
　　17. （　　） Over and over again， it has been found that support
from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative
effects of a traumatic event.Given that a natural disaster can impact an
entire community， your support system may be weakened by a natural
disaster.
　　Try to establish a schedule.18.（　　）A natural disaster can
greatly disrupt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your
life feels out of ing up with a daily， structured schedule can
help you establish a sense of predictability and control.
　　Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.19.（　　） A natural
disaster can result in strong feelings of anger， anxiety， and
sadness.These emotions need to be expressed.If you hold them in， they
may only grow stronger.
　　Practice healthy coping strategies.Following a natural disaster，
you’ll experience a number of intense negative emotions.20.（　　）
Alcohol use， excessive sleep， or seeking comfort in food may be
effective short-term strategies.However， in the long term， these
strategies won’t address the real issue and will only cause your distress to
increase.
A. Seek out and connect with social support.
B. Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life.
C. For example， set regular times for meals， or waking up in the
morning.
D. Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress， anxiety， and
anger.
E. Share your feelings with others， or find some ways to express your
emotions.
F. Therefore， it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing
these emotions.
G. Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your
life back in order.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章告訴人們如何來處理經歷自然
災害之后不適的情緒。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章告訴人們如何來處理經歷自然
災害之后不適的情緒。
16. D　根據下文可知，自然災害不但會造成財產損失，而且還會造
成心理上的壓力。D項（自然災害會帶來高強度的壓力、焦慮和憤
怒）符合語境。
17. A　設空處位于段首，為本段主旨句。根據下文可知，本段建議
要在其他人那里尋求幫助和支持。A項（尋找并聯系社會支持）符合
語境。
18. C　根據本段主旨句Try to establish a schedule.可知，本段建議制
訂一個時間表，所以此處應具體來解釋這個做法。C項（例如，固定
吃飯時間或者早上起床時間）舉例說明要建立時間表，符合語境。
19. E　根據本段主旨句Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.可
知，本段建議通過和其他人交流的方式來釋放自己壓抑的情感。E項
（與他人分享你的感受或者找一些方式來表達你的情緒）符合語境。
20. F　根據空前內容可知，在自然災害中有強烈的消極情感后，一定
要用健康的方法去調整這樣的情緒。F項（因此，找到管理這些情緒
的健康方式是非常重要的）符合語境。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是學校英語報的記者李華，上周學校組織學生去少年宮
（the Children’s Palace）參加活動，讓學生在虛擬現實（VR）環境
中體驗自然災害。請你以Our Experience Activity為題寫一篇報道，要
點如下：
　　1. 活動目的、時間等；
　　2. 體驗的內容及感悟。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Our Experience Activity
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
參考范文：
Our Experience Activity
　　Our school organized us to participate in an activity in the
Children’s Palace from 2：00 p.m.to 5：30 p.m. on 17 December，
which was aimed to help us learn more about natural disasters.
　　During the activity， we learned some basic ways to deal with
distinct natural disasters.We also experienced natural disasters such as an
earthquake， a flood， a tornado， a tsunami and a volcanic eruption in
VR， where we deeply felt the danger of natural pared to
the knowledge we have gained in our class， what we have learnt in the
activity is practical and instructive.
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