資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
維度一：基礎題型練
單句語法填空。
1.Some people are 　　　　　?。╯care） of using the buses late at night.
2.Everyone in the street was 　　　　　?。╯hock） when they heard the news.
3.Do you know who is the first astronaut 　　　　　?。╳alk） on the moon？
4.The local government supplied the victims 　　　　　　enough relief.
5.He hurried to the station， only 　　　　　　（tell） that the tickets had been sold out.
6.Mary is a 　　　　　?。╬ower） woman in a large company.
7.The old scientist died all of a sudden， 　　　　　　　　（leave） the project unfinished.
8.The child is old enough 　　　　　　（take） care of himself.
9.Our money is running 　　　　　　.We’d better not buy anything.
10.I was watching the clock all through the meeting， as I had a train 　　　　　?。╟atch）.
維度二：語法與寫作
完成句子。
1.Be careful！ The tea 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
小心！ 茶太燙了，不能喝。
2.He was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他太好了，主動給我讓座。
3.He is a nice 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他是一個很好相處的人。
4.I hurried to school 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我匆忙趕到學校，結果發現是星期天。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 will be very successful.
下周要舉行的運動會將會很成功。
維度三：語法與語篇
根據漢語提示用動詞不定式的適當形式完成下面短文。
　　This summer holiday， I was 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （足夠大可以找到） a part-time job in a company.But I had 2.　　　　　　　　　　　 （要參加一個面試）.With a lot of things to prepare， I was very nervous.The next day， I arrived there early， 3.　　　　　　　　　　 （卻被告知） that I was 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （第一個來的人）.I was nervous again， then I found 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （一個解決問題的方法）.
　　Finally I got the opportunity 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在公司里工作）.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　As cities balloon with growth， access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.If you’re lucky， there might be a pocket park near where you live， but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
　　Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans， but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
　　The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred park-goers， asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions， coding （編碼） experiences into different categories.For example， one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
　　Across the 320 submissions， a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.After the coding of all submissions， half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.These include encountering wildlife， walking along the edge of water， and following an established trail.
　　Naming each nature experience creates a usable language， which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.For example， the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday， they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
　　“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen， we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn， a senior author of the study.
1.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text？（　　）
A.Pocket parks are now popular. B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated. D.People enjoy living close to nature.
2.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories？（　　）
A.To compare different types of park-goers.
B.To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C.To analyze the main features of the park.
D.To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
3.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5？（　　）
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
4.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn？（　?。?br/>A.Language study. B.Environmental conservation.
C.Public education. D.Intercultural communication.
B
　　Official figures show that 101 people were killed in road accidents on the streets of London last year.The city wants to reduce the number of deaths and serious injuries on the capital’s roads to zero.It seems impossible.But it focuses minds on an important question： What can help reduce accidents in a big city？ Transport for London （TfL）， the capital’s road and rail authority， has some answers： safe speeds， safe vehicles， and so on.
　　A safety standard for Heavy Goods Vehicles （HGVs）， which harnesses blind-spot cameras and close-proximity sensors （近距離傳感器）， is pioneering.These cameras and sensors are widely placed where they are needed.The European Commission has followed it.TfL has also helpfully identified London’s most dangerous places.Half of Britain’s most dangerous roads run through the capital.Around three-quarters of accidents that cause deaths or serious injuries happen at crossings； the Holborn gyratory， near the British Museum， has been the site of the most deaths since 2012.Westminster is the most dangerous area for walkers and cyclists， so it introduced 20 mph speed limits on all its roads in 2021.
　　“Vision Zero” was launched in 2018.Deaths and serious injuries on London’s roads have fallen — by 53% and 40% respectively in 2022.But movement is not one-way.Deaths were record-breakingly low in 2020 and 2021.But in 2022 the deaths rose again.“We are moving in the right direction，” says Will Norman， London’s walking and cycling commissioner.
　　A funding crisis for TfL has put off improving the riskiest spots.Only a few parts of the 1010 Avenue have bike lanes with guardrails.Safety is the biggest barrier to people taking up cycling or letting their children walk or cycle.But greener vehicles may be unsafe themselves.E-scooters （電動踏板車） are the latest thing to confuse planners.“One of those doing 50 mph down the road is not good for anybody，” said Mr Norman.
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 1？（　?。?br/>A.To make the article interesting.
B.To stress the importance of TfL.
C.To call on scientists to study the question.
D.To give some background information.
6.What does the underlined word “harnesses” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.Compares. B.Removes.
C.Uses. D.Replaces.
7.What is Will Norman’s attitude to the “Vision Zero”？（　?。?br/>A.Doubtful. B.Supportive.
C.Puzzled. D.Unclear.
8.What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Bike lanes are not safe anymore for riders on roads.
B.Children should think twice when taking up cycling.
C.Safety has been a problem for some eco-friendly vehicles.
D.E-scooters have become the biggest confusion for planners.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Unlike hurricanes or floods， earthquakes happen without warning and are usually followed by similar aftershocks， although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake.If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake， there’s often only a short time to decide what to do.9.（　?。?br/>　　 Drop to the ground.The drop， cover， and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop，drop and roll” for fires.While it’s not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake， it is the preferred method of the Red Cross.Big earthquakes occur without much， if any， warning.10.（　?。?A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split second； it’s better to be safe than sorry.
　　 Take cover.Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture.11.（　　） If there isn’t a table or desk near you， cover your face and head with your arms and crouch （蜷縮） in an inside corner of the building.
　　 Hold on.12.（　　） Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.If you were unable to find a surface to hide under， continue to keep your head protected by your arms and tucked （躲藏，隱藏） down low.
　　 13.（　　） Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.
A.Stay inside until it’s safe to get out.
B.In that case， move to the nearest safe place.
C.Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake.
D.So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits.
E.If possible， stay away from windows and anything that could fall.
F.The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling.
G.Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　A single tremble shook beneath my feet.The trees above me began to sway （搖擺） hard.Then came the deadly 　14　 that could only mean one thing， destruction.Everything I saw was 　15　.My vision blurred （模糊） seeing the remains of my house.The house that used to 　16　 all the happiness in the world was now 　17　 a pile of ruined pieces.I 　18　 all the times I played with my little brother and sister.Images of them were 　19　 in my mind.I regained a bit of my 　20　 after lying on the ground for some time.My eyes viewed different things， but I walked on mindlessly， with no 　21　 to anything around me at all.
　　 Years have passed since the disaster that 　22　 me years ago.I never thought I would be okay again after this 　23　 event.
　　Today I’m going to California to help 　24　 of a recent earthquake.Then， I see a young girl weeping into her arm.Losing family was 　25　，but because of my life-changing experience， I am strong， and I can 　26　 the lives of those who are suffering as I was.I gently stuck out my hand for her to hold to.One day， she may 　27　 others the way I did for her.She holds my hand tightly， and together， we look for a brighter future where we can help those around us and 　28　 the world starting with one disaster at a time.
14.（　）A.silence　　　　　B.power
C.emergency D.extinction
15.（?。〢.under pressure B.in ruins
C.on hand D.in shock
16.（　）A.promote B.supply
C.contain D.measure
17.（?。〢.extremely B.obviously
C.actually D.simply
18.（?。〢.adapted to B.thought of
C.concentrated on D.worked out
19.（?。〢.designed B.buried
C.carved D.observed
20.（　）A.balance B.memory
C.strength D.impression
21.（?。〢.request B.comparison
C.path D.reaction
22.（　）A.struck B.identified
C.threatened D.reminded
23.（?。〢.amazing B.frightening
C.exciting D.challenging
24.（?。〢.professionals B.volunteers
C.survivors D.experts
25.（　）A.painful B.unusual
C.awkward D.unique
26.（?。〢.appreciate B.possess
C.exchange D.improve
27.（?。〢.affect B.recognize
C.recommend D.contact
28.（?。〢.establish B.change
C.remove D.revise
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　When Beverly Goodman was in primary school， she gave a series of speeches on her favourite topic： disasters.She told her classmates about the eruption 29.　　　　　　 buried Pompeii， the Black Death， and famous shipwrecks like the Titanic and the Lusitania.Today， at 45， she’s a marine geoarchaeologist （海洋地質考古學家）who digs coastlines for clues to erosion （侵蝕）， past tsunamis， and other disasters.“It’s 30.　　　　　　 （interest） now that I’m a disaster scientist， basically，” she says.“It all came together.”
　　Human settlements have long been built around access 31.　　　　　　 water.Goodman studies how the coastal change affected our ancestors （祖先）： Were people forced to leave？ Did they find ways 32.　　　　　　 （adapt） to the changes？ This knowledge， she says， can help 33.　　　　　　 （we） “prepare responsibly for what this landscape is going to look like in the future”. That was the case when Goodman and her team of 34.　　　　　　 （scientist） proved tsunamis had struck the coast of what is now Israel over the course of thousands of years.Partly as 35.　　　　　　 result of their research， the country in 2014 36.　　　　　　 （develop） its first tsunami preparedness plan.
“Humans are controlling coastlines more dramatically than ever，” says Goodman.“To learn the effect 37.　　　　　　 （cause） by this， we need to be working faster， and we need more people working on it.” She believes ancient clues buried underwater can save lives， 38.　　　　　　 （particular） in places without written records.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.scared　2.shocked　3.to walk　4.with　5.to be told
6.powerful　7.leaving　8.to take　9.out　10.to catch
維度二
1.is too hot to drink　2.so kind as to offer his seat to me
3.person to get along with　4.only to find it was Sunday
5.The sports meeting to be held next week
維度三
1.old enough to find　2.an interview to attend
3.only to be told　4.the first one to come
5.a way to solve the problem　6.to work in the company
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于城市公園的研究，說明了與大自然交流對人類健康的重要性，同時也指出要保護大自然。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第一段中access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find以及it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild可知，在城市里很難找到野生自然。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句及第四段可知，研究人員之所以進行編碼分類是為了從公園游客提交的總結材料中找到他們與自然交流行為的類別模式。
3.C　推理判斷題。根據第五段所舉的例子可知，年輕的職業人士周末可以在公園徒步旅行，工作日可以在午餐休息時間，沿著噴泉散步，用不同的形式去體驗自然，即同樣的自然體驗會呈現不同的形式。
4.B　細節理解題。根據最后一段Kahn的話可知，我們在與大自然交流之前應該保護自然。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了倫敦為了減少交通事故采取了一系列措施以及“Vision Zero”計劃。
5.D　目的意圖題。根據第一段內容可知，去年倫敦街頭有101人死于交通事故。為了避免更多類似事故發生，倫敦交通局給出了一些方法：保持安全的速度、保持車輛安全等。因此，第一段的目的是給出背景信息。
6.C　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的These cameras and sensors are widely placed where they are needed.可知，盲點攝像頭和近距離傳感器被廣泛安裝在需要的地方。結合畫線詞所在句可知，一項針對重型貨車的安全標準使用了盲點攝像頭和近距離傳感器。由此猜測，畫線詞意為“使用，利用”，與use意思相近。
7.B　觀點態度題。根據第三段中威爾·諾曼所說“We are moving in the right direction”可知，威爾·諾曼對這項計劃是支持的。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Safety is the biggest barrier to people taking up cycling or letting their children walk or cycle.But greener vehicles may be unsafe themselves.可知，作者想告訴我們，一些環保的交通工具本身就存在安全隱患。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要給出了四條發生地震時該如何反應的建議。
9.G　上句說明身處地震中，決定該做什么的時間很短。G項（考慮以下建議可能是生與死的區別）承接上文，并引出下文提出的建議。
10.D　本段主旨句Drop to the ground.說明本段給出的建議是臥倒在地。根據空格上下文可知，大地震發生時不會有太多預警，而小地震在一剎那也可能會變成大地震。D項（所以建議地震一發生你就臥倒在地）符合本段主旨，且與上下文語義一致。
11.E　本段主旨句Take cover.說明本段給出的建議是躲起來。上句說明躲起來時應注意的事項。E項（如果可能的話，遠離窗戶和任何可能墜落的物體）繼續介紹躲起來時的注意事項。
12.F　下句說明要待在相對安全的平面或平臺下面，等待震動停止。F項（地面可能會晃動，木塊或磚塊可能會掉落）解釋下文動作的原因。
13.A　空格位于段首，為本段主旨句。下文說明大多數傷害發生在人們試圖改變躲藏的地點或者地方太擁擠并且每個人都想出去時。A項（待在里面，直到出去是安全的）能夠概括下文內容。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者經歷了一次災難性的地震后，人生發生了改變，以志愿者的身份去幫助像他一樣的人。
14.A　根據文章前兩句可知，作者描述的是地震來臨時的感受，再根據空后的destruction并結合常識可知，該句是講大地震過后死一般的沉寂，與上文的強烈震動形成對比。
15.B　根據下句My vision blurred （模糊） seeing the remains of my house.可知，作者看到的一切都成了廢墟。
16.C　根據下句I 　18　 all the times I played with my little brother and sister.可知，此處指這所房子承載了以往所有的歡樂時光。
17.D　根據語境可知，這里的副詞起到強調作用，強調曾經充滿歡樂的房子地震過后就只是一片廢墟。
18.B　根據all the times可推知，作者想起以往和弟弟妹妹一起玩耍的時光。
19.C　根據上句可知，作者面對廢墟時想起以往的歡樂時光，弟弟妹妹的形象深深地刻在他的腦海里。
20.C　根據after lying on the ground for some time可知，作者在地上躺了一會兒，恢復了一點力氣。
21.D　根據空前的I walked on mindlessly可知，經歷過大地震，失去了一切之后，作者此時漫無目的地走著，什么東西都不能引起他的反應。
22.A　根據上文作者對地震經歷的描述并結合此處語境可知，這里指災難發生在作者身上，strike符合語境。
23.B　此處與上文對地震經歷的描述相呼應，這里指令人恐懼的事件。
24.C　根據下文I gently stuck out my hand for her to hold to.可知，這個女孩是地震幸存者。由此可推知，作者作為“過來人”去幫助這里的地震幸存者。
25.A　根據空前的Losing family可知，失去家人是痛苦的。
26.D　此處與下文where we can help those around us中help相呼應，指作者希望用自己的力量幫助改善和他擁有相同經歷的人的生活。
27.A　根據空后的the way I did for her可推知，作者認為這個女孩或許以后也會像作者一樣，去幫助和影響其他人。
28.B　根據文章可知，作者作為一個“過來人”，用志愿者的身份去幫助其他人，這是他在經歷災難后作出的改變世界的行為，作者希望這個女孩在將來能夠同樣在災難發生后，去幫助受難者，改變災難后的世界。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。海洋地質考古學家研究古代災害，幫助人們為未來可能發生的災害做好準備。
29.that/which　考查關系代詞。設空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞eruption，且在從句中作主語。故填that/which。
30.interesting　考查詞形轉換。設空處作表語，意為“有趣的”。故填interesting。
31.to　考查介詞。access to意為“（接近或進入某地的）方法，通路”。
32.to adapt　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作后置定語，修飾ways，故填to adapt。way to do sth意為“做某事的方法”。
33.us　考查代詞。設空處作動詞help的賓語，應用賓格形式。故填us。
34.scientists　考查名詞復數。scientist為可數名詞，根據其前的her team of可知，應用其復數形式。故填scientists。
35.a　考查冠詞。as a result of意為“由于，因為”，為固定短語。
36.developed　考查動詞的時態。根據in 2014可知，develop的動作發生在過去，應用一般過去時，且the country與develop之間是主動關系。故填developed。
37.caused　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作后置定語，修飾effect，且effect與cause之間為被動關系。故填caused。
38.particularly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語，應用副詞，意為“特別，尤其”。故填particularly。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
動詞不定式作定語和結果狀語
閱讀下列句子并思考加黑部分的用法。
1.I was staying in Atlanta， and that was one of the cities to be hit.
2.That morning， I turned on the TV for some local news， only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.
3.The roads were blocked， so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside.
4.I had enough food and water to last a whole week！
5.When the wind and rain stopped， I looked out of the window， only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere！
【我的發現】
（1）動詞不定式作定語時，動詞不定式通常位于其所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面，作后置定語（如句　　　　　?。?br/>（2）動詞不定式作結果狀語時，通常指出乎意料的結果（如句　　　?。淝俺Ｓ胦nly。
一、動詞不定式的時態和語態
時態 主動語態 被動語態
一般式 to do to be done
進行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成進行式 to have been doing —
二、動詞不定式作定語
動詞不定式作定語，一般置于被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，與名詞或代詞之間是主謂關系、動賓關系、同位關系或修飾關系。
1.主謂關系
被修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式的邏輯主語。序數詞、形容詞最高級或the last/the only/the next等后常用動詞不定式作定語，與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。
Who was the first man to climb Mount Qomolangma？
誰是第一個登上珠穆朗瑪峰的人？
He is the only person to know the truth.
他是唯一了解真相的人。
2.動賓關系
被修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語。若動詞不定式是不及物動詞，需加介詞才能與名詞或代詞之間構成動賓關系。
Tommy left us a lot of problems to solve.
湯米給我們留下了很多問題要解決。
He wanted to find a new house to live in.
他想找一所新房子住。
There is nothing to worry about.
沒有什么可擔心的。
名師點津
當動詞不定式修飾的名詞是time、 place或way時，動詞不定式中的介詞一般可以省去。
He had no money and no place to live.
他沒有錢，也沒有地方住。
3.同位關系
名詞與動詞不定式之間是同位關系。動詞不定式是所修飾的名詞的具體內容，抽象名詞wish、 ability、 chance、 ambition、 anxiety、 reply、 attempt、 plan等后常用動詞不定式作定語，與被修飾的名詞之間為邏輯上的同位關系。
He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.
他違背了定期給父母寫信的諾言。
He has a wish to travel round the whole country.
他有一個周游全國的愿望。
4.修飾關系
動詞不定式是所修飾的詞的具體內容。
I need some space to place my luggage.
我需要一些空間放行李。
Now it is time to take a rest.
現在是休息時間。
The house to be built next year will be for the homeless.
明年要建造的這所房子是給那些無家可歸的人的。
5.動詞不定式作定語，有被動形式。
當動詞不定式所修飾的名詞是動詞不定式動作的承受者時，動詞不定式既可以用主動形式，也可以用被動形式，但其含義有所不同。比如：Do you have anything to send？意為“你有需要寄的東西嗎？”，“寄東西”的執行者是“你”；而Do you have anything to be sent？意為“你有什么需要我（或別人）去寄的東西嗎？”，動作的執行者是問話者或其他人。
【即時演練1】　完成句子
①She is hard-working and always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她很勤奮，每天總是第一個來到。
②The Browns have a comfortable 　　　　　　　　　　　.
布朗一家人有一所舒適的房子住。
③Attention， please.I have 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
請注意，我有重要的事情要說。
④As she was a child， she had a wish 　　　　　　　　　　.
當她還是個孩子時，她就有一個上大學的愿望。
⑤I’m sure of his ability 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我確信他有能力處理這件事。
三、動詞不定式作結果狀語
動詞不定式作結果狀語往往表示其動作發生在謂語動作之后，并且總是在句末，而不能置于句首。
1.動詞不定式作結果狀語，常用于以下結構：
（1）too＋形容詞/副詞＋to ...“太……而不能……”
The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box.
這個老婦人太虛弱而搬不動這個沉重的箱子。
（2）...enough to ...“……足夠……”
The room is large enough to take a third bed.
這個房間很大，足夠放下第三張床。
He walked fast enough to keep up with his coach.
他走得很快，趕上了他的教練。
（3）so＋形容詞/副詞＋as to ...“如此……以至于……”
He studied so hard as to pass the last exam.
他學習如此努力以至于通過了上次的考試。
（4）such（＋形容詞）＋名詞＋as to ...“如此……以至于……”
He is not such a fool as to do that.
他還沒有蠢到做那種事。
（5）在never to ...結構中
His son left home on a cold morning， never to return.
他的兒子在一個寒冷的早上離開了家，再也沒有回來。
2.在特殊結構only to ...中，動詞不定式常表示沒有預料到的結果， 其前經常有only或just修飾。
He hurried to the station， only to find the train had left.
他匆忙趕到車站，卻發現火車已經開走了。
He picked up a stone， just to have it dropped on his own feet.
他搬起石頭卻砸了自己的腳。
名師點津
動詞-ing形式短語作結果狀語常表示“自然而然的或意料、情理之中的結果”。
His parents died early， leaving him an orphan.
他的父母早逝，使他成了孤兒。
The news shocked the public， leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.
這條新聞使廣大民眾感到震驚，引起了人們對在校學生安全的擔憂。
【即時演練2】　完成句子/句型轉換
①The old scientist died all of a sudden， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
那位老科學家突然去世了，使這個項目沒有完成。
②You’re 　　　　　　　　　　　　on the train by yourself.
你已經長大了，可以自己坐火車旅行了。
③He is so young that he can’t tell right from wrong.
→He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
shock n.震驚，驚愕；劇烈震動 vt.使震驚
【教材原句】　As you can imagine， it was a bit of a shock.正如你所想象的那樣，這有點令人震驚。
【用法】
（1）in shock　　　　　　 震驚，吃驚 give sb a shock 使某人震驚 come as a shock （to sb） 讓（某人）震驚 culture shock 文化沖擊 （2）It shocks sb that ...＝It shocks sb to do ...……（做某事）使某人震驚 shock sb to do sth 做某事使某人震驚 （3）shocked adj. 感到震驚的 be shocked at/by ... 對……感到震驚 （4）shocking adj. 令人震驚的
【佳句】　It was shocking that Li Ming lost the football match yesterday， and all his fans were also in shock.But what made them more shocked was that he didn’t care about it at all.令人吃驚的是李明輸掉了昨天的足球比賽，他所有的球迷們也都很吃驚。但讓他們更震驚的是，李明對此根本不在乎。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It gave us all quite 　　　　　　shock to learn that he had failed again.
②It is 　　　　?。╯hock） that he didn’t inform you of the procedures to do this experiment.
③I 　　　　　?。╯hock）to hear his reaction on the disaster.
④　　　　　　 （shock） at the news， the man couldn’t say a word.
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in. Elli and I were shocked.
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（定語從句）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.（主語從句）
scare vt.& vi.驚嚇，害怕 n.恐慌；驚嚇
【教材原句】　The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me， but I was quite frightened during the power failure.狂風暴雨并沒有嚇到我，但在停電時我很害怕。
【用法】
（1）scare ...away/off 　　把……嚇跑 scare sb to death 把某人嚇得要死 It scares sb to do sth 做某事使某人害怕 scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐嚇某人做/不做某事 （2）scared adj.害怕的，對……感到驚慌或恐懼的 be scared to do sth＝be scared of doing sth 害怕做某事 be scared to death 嚇得要死 be scared that ... 害怕…… （3）scary adj. 恐怖的，嚇人的
【佳句】　Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.
有時，這樣大的噪聲會把熊嚇走。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The moment the assistant saw the scene， he froze there， 　　　　　　（scare）.
②When watching the horror movie last night， I was scared 　　　　　　death.
③She was scared 　　　　　?。╣o） into the yard because a big dog was in it.
④It was the high price that scared 　　　　　　potential buyers.
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤He was scared of a snake， and he fainted at the first sight of one.
→　　　　　　　　　　　， he fainted at the first sight of one.（動詞-ed形式短語作狀語）
power n.電，電力；權力；政權；控制力；能力；能量；力量vt.驅動，提供動力
【用法】
（1）be in power 　　當權，執政（強調狀態） come to power 開始掌權/執政（強調動作） do all/everything in one’s power to do sth 某人竭盡全力做某事 within one’s power 在某人能力范圍之內 beyond one’s power　 超出某人的能力 a power plant 一個發電廠 wind/solar/nuclear power 風能/太陽能/核能 （2）powerful adj. 強有力的；有影響力的；有權勢的
【佳句】　The motor is powered by a solar battery.
這臺發動機是由太陽能電池驅動的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The new government will come 　　　　　　power next month.
②Sometimes a smile is so 　　　　　　（power） that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
③Though he has been 　　　　　　power for two years， he hasn’t found an effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
【寫美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 well for the coming final exam.我將竭盡全力為即將到來的期末考試作好準備。
run out of 用完，耗盡
【教材原句】　Were you afraid of running out of supplies？你害怕用光儲備的東西嗎？
【用法】
（1）run out of 意為“用完了”，及物動詞短語，表示主動，主語是人 （2）run out 意為“……用完了”，不及物動詞短語，主語常為時間、食物、金錢等名詞 （3）give out 意為“用盡；精疲力竭”，不及物動詞短語 （4）use up 意為“用完；耗盡”，及物動詞短語，主語是人
【佳句】　She has run out of （＝used up） her money and mine is running out （＝is being used up/is giving out）.她已用光了她的錢，我的也快用光了。
【練透】　完成句子
①In the future， care for the environment will become very important as the Earth’s natural resources 　　　　　　.
在未來，愛護環境將會很重要，因為地球的自然資源將瀕臨枯竭。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 after he ran that long distance.
他跑了那么長的距離后，體力不支了。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③我需要你的幫助，因為我把汽油用完了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
supply n.補給，補給品；供應；供應量，儲備 vt.供應，供給，提供
【用法】
（1）supply sth to sb ＝ provide sth for sb將某物供應給某人　　 （2）a supply of/supplies of ...　……的供應 in short supply 供應不足，供應短缺 water supply 供水
【佳句】　The government decided to supply houses to the disaster victims.
政府決定為災民提供住房。
【辨析】　supply & offer & provide
supply 通常指定期“供應”所需或所要求之物，含有連續不斷地供給之意 supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb
offer 強調主動提供幫助、服務或令人向往之物等 offer sth to sb＝offer sb sth
provide 強調供應所需之物（尤指生活必需品） provide sth for sb＝provide sb with sth
【練透】　單句語法填空
①There’s usually a good supply 　　　　　　resources around the town center.
②New factories are situated in areas where 　　　　　　 （supply） of power are available.
③The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are 　　　　　　short supply in this country.
④They have agreed on a plan to supply books and materials 　　　　　　schools.
【寫美】　一句多譯
⑤這位熱心人給了我們一些食物并主動幫助我們聯系了警察。
→The warm-hearted man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and offered to help us contact the police.（supply）
→The warm-hearted man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and offered to help us contact the police.（provide）
donate vt.捐贈，贈送；獻（血）
【教材原句】　Luckily， many people came to help， donating food and clothes to charities.
幸運的是，很多人來幫忙，給慈善機構捐贈食品和衣服。
【用法】
（1）donate sth to ...　　　向……捐贈某物 （2）donation n. 捐贈，捐獻 make a donation （of sth） to ... 向……捐贈（某物） （3）donor n. 捐贈者；獻血者
【佳句】　After that， we will do some other meaningful activities， including donating some pocket money or books to the old there.
在那之后，我們將做一些其他有意義的活動，包括捐贈一些零花錢或書籍給那里的老人。
【點津】　donate 是及物動詞，但不能接雙賓語，而要與介詞to搭配。有類似用法的詞還有introduce、explain等。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①To help more people in India， the IMA Blood Bank has also developed a team to educate the public about blood 　　　　　?。╠onate）.
②Doctors are searching a blood 　　　　　　（donate） to the patient whose blood type is rare.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③政府呼吁公眾給貧窮的孩子捐款。
→The government appeals to the public 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the poor children.（donate）
→The government appeals to the public 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the poor children.（donation）
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
（1）1、3、4?。?）2、5
即時演練1
①the first one to come every day　②house to live in
③something important to say　④to go to college
⑤to cope with this matter
即時演練2
①leaving the project unfinished?、趏ld enough to travel?、踭oo young to tell right from wrong
【核心知識·巧突破】
1.①a?、趕hocking?、踳as shocked　④Shocked
⑤which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked； What shocked Elli and me was that
2.①scared?、趖o　③to go?、躱ff/away
⑤Scared of a snake
3.①to?、趐owerful?、踚n?、躀’ll do everything in my power to prepare
4.①run out　②His strength gave out　③I need your help， for I have run out of/used up petrol.
5.①of　②supplies?、踚n?、躷o?、輘upplied us with some food/supplied some food to us； provided us with some food/provided some food for us
6.①donation　②donor?、踭o donate money to； to make a donation of money to
7 / 7(共91張PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
核心知識·巧突破
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法 · 要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
動詞不定式作定語和結果狀語
閱讀下列句子并思考加藍部分的用法。
1. I was staying in Atlanta， and that was one of the cities to be hit.
2. That morning， I turned on the TV for some local news， only to hear
that a hurricane was on its way.
3. The roads were blocked， so there was nothing for me to do but stay
inside.
4. I had enough food and water to last a whole week！
5. When the wind and rain stopped， I looked out of the window， only
to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere！
【我的發現】
（1）動詞不定式作定語時，動詞不定式通常位于其所修飾的名詞或
代詞的后面，作后置定語（如句 ）；
（2）動詞不定式作結果狀語時，通常指出乎意料的結果（如句
），其前常用only。
1、3、4　
2、
5　
一、動詞不定式的時態和語態
時態 主動語態 被動語態
一般式 to do to be done
進行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成進行式 to have been doing —
二、動詞不定式作定語
動詞不定式作定語，一般置于被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，與名詞或代
詞之間是主謂關系、動賓關系、同位關系或修飾關系。
1. 主謂關系
被修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式的邏輯主語。序數詞、形容詞最
高級或the last/the only/the next等后常用動詞不定式作定語，與被修
飾的名詞或代詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。
Who was the first man to climb Mount Qomolangma？
誰是第一個登上珠穆朗瑪峰的人？
He is the only person to know the truth.
他是唯一了解真相的人。
2. 動賓關系
被修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語。若動詞不定式是不
及物動詞，需加介詞才能與名詞或代詞之間構成動賓關系。
Tommy left us a lot of problems to solve.
湯米給我們留下了很多問題要解決。
He wanted to find a new house to live in.
他想找一所新房子住。
There is nothing to worry about.
沒有什么可擔心的。
名師點津
當動詞不定式修飾的名詞是time、 place或way時，動詞不定式中的介
詞一般可以省去。
He had no money and no place to live.
他沒有錢，也沒有地方住。
3. 同位關系
名詞與動詞不定式之間是同位關系。動詞不定式是所修飾的名詞的
具體內容，抽象名詞wish、 ability、 chance、 ambition、 anxiety、
reply、 attempt、 plan等后常用動詞不定式作定語，與被修飾的名
詞之間為邏輯上的同位關系。
He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.
他違背了定期給父母寫信的諾言。
He has a wish to travel round the whole country.
他有一個周游全國的愿望。
4. 修飾關系
動詞不定式是所修飾的詞的具體內容。
I need some space to place my luggage.
我需要一些空間放行李。
Now it is time to take a rest.
現在是休息時間。
The house to be built next year will be for the homeless.
明年要建造的這所房子是給那些無家可歸的人的。
5. 動詞不定式作定語，有被動形式。
當動詞不定式所修飾的名詞是動詞不定式動作的承受者時，動詞不
定式既可以用主動形式，也可以用被動形式，但其含義有所不同。
比如：Do you have anything to send？意為“你有需要寄的東西
嗎？”，“寄東西”的執行者是“你”；而Do you have anything to
be sent？意為“你有什么需要我（或別人）去寄的東西嗎？”，動
作的執行者是問話者或其他人。
【即時演練1】　完成句子
①She is hard-working and always .
她很勤奮，每天總是第一個來到。
②The Browns have a comfortable .
布朗一家人有一所舒適的房子住。
③Attention， please.I have .
請注意，我有重要的事情要說。
④As she was a child， she had a wish .
當她還是個孩子時，她就有一個上大學的愿望。
⑤I’m sure of his ability .
我確信他有能力處理這件事。
the first one to come every day　
house to live in　
something important to say　
to go to college　
to cope with this matter　
三、動詞不定式作結果狀語
動詞不定式作結果狀語往往表示其動作發生在謂語動作之后，并且總
是在句末，而不能置于句首。
1. 動詞不定式作結果狀語，常用于以下結構：
（1）too＋形容詞/副詞＋to ...“太……而不能……”
The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box.
這個老婦人太虛弱而搬不動這個沉重的箱子。
（2）...enough to ...“……足夠……”
The room is large enough to take a third bed.
這個房間很大，足夠放下第三張床。
He walked fast enough to keep up with his coach.
他走得很快，趕上了他的教練。
（3）so＋形容詞/副詞＋as to ...“如此……以至于……”
He studied so hard as to pass the last exam.
他學習如此努力以至于通過了上次的考試。
（4）such（＋形容詞）＋名詞＋as to ...“如此……以至于……”
He is not such a fool as to do that.
他還沒有蠢到做那種事。
（5）在never to ...結構中
His son left home on a cold morning， never to return.
他的兒子在一個寒冷的早上離開了家，再也沒有回來。
2. 在特殊結構only to ...中，動詞不定式常表示沒有預料到的結果，
其前經常有only或just修飾。
He hurried to the station， only to find the train had left.
他匆忙趕到車站，卻發現火車已經開走了。
He picked up a stone， just to have it dropped on his own feet.
他搬起石頭卻砸了自己的腳。
名師點津
動詞-ing形式短語作結果狀語常表示“自然而然的或意料、情理之中
的結果”。
His parents died early， leaving him an orphan.
他的父母早逝，使他成了孤兒。
The news shocked the public， leading to great concern about
students’ safety at school.
這條新聞使廣大民眾感到震驚，引起了人們對在校學生安全的擔憂。
【即時演練2】　完成句子/句型轉換
①The old scientist died all of a sudden，
.
那位老科學家突然去世了，使這個項目沒有完成。
②You’re on the train by yourself.
你已經長大了，可以自己坐火車旅行了。
③He is so young that he can’t tell right from wrong.
→He is .
leaving the project
unfinished　
old enough to travel　
too young to tell right from wrong　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
2
shock n.震驚，驚愕；劇烈震動 vt.使震驚
【教材原句】　As you can imagine， it was a bit of a shock.
正如你所想象的那樣，這有點令人震驚。
【用法】
（1）in shock　 震驚，吃驚
give sb a shock 使某人震驚
come as a shock （to sb） 讓（某人）震驚
culture shock 文化沖擊
（2）It shocks sb that ...＝It shocks sb to do ...
……（做某事）使某人震驚
shock sb to do sth 做某事使某人震驚
（3）shocked adj. 感到震驚的
be shocked at/by ... 對……感到震驚
（4）shocking adj. 令人震驚的
【佳句】　It was shocking that Li Ming lost the football match
yesterday， and all his fans were also in shock.But what made them more
shocked was that he didn’t care about it at all.令人吃驚的是李明輸掉
了昨天的足球比賽，他所有的球迷們也都很吃驚。但讓他們更震驚的
是，李明對此根本不在乎。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It gave us all quite shock to learn that he had failed again.
②It is （shock） that he didn’t inform you of the
procedures to do this experiment.
③I （shock）to hear his reaction on the disaster.
④ （shock） at the news， the man couldn’t say a word.
a　
shocking　
was shocked　
Shocked　
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in. Elli and I were
shocked.
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，
.（定語從句）
→ the bear tore a hole in the fence
and put his head in.（主語從句）
which shocked
Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked　
What shocked Elli and me was that
scare vt.& vi.驚嚇，害怕 n.恐慌；驚嚇
【教材原句】　The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me， but I
was quite frightened during the power failure.狂風暴雨并沒有嚇到我，
但在停電時我很害怕。
【用法】
（1）scare ...away/off 　　把……嚇跑
scare sb to death 把某人嚇得要死
It scares sb to do sth 做某事使某人害怕
scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐嚇某人做/不做某事
（2）scared adj.害怕的，對……感到驚慌或恐懼的
be scared to do sth＝be scared of doing sth 害怕做某事
be scared to death 嚇得要死
be scared that ... 害怕……
（3）scary adj. 恐怖的，嚇人的
【佳句】　Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.
有時，這樣大的噪聲會把熊嚇走。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The moment the assistant saw the scene， he froze there，
（scare）.
②When watching the horror movie last night， I was scared
death.
③She was scared （go） into the yard because a big dog was in it.
④It was the high price that scared potential buyers.
scared　
to　
to go　
off/away　
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤He was scared of a snake， and he fainted at the first sight of one.
→ ， he fainted at the first sight of one.（動詞-ed
形式短語作狀語）
Scared of a snake　
power n.電，電力；權力；政權；控制力；能力；能量；力量vt.驅
動，提供動力
【用法】
（1）be in power 　　當權，執政（強調狀態）
come to power 開始掌權/執政（強調動作）
do all/everything in one’s power to do sth 某人竭盡全力做某事
within one’s power 在某人能力范圍之內
beyond one’s power　 超出某人的能力
a power plant 一個發電廠
wind/solar/nuclear power 風能/太陽能/核能
（2）powerful adj. 強有力的；有影響力的；有權勢的
【佳句】　The motor is powered by a solar battery.
這臺發動機是由太陽能電池驅動的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The new government will come power next month.
②Sometimes a smile is so （power） that it gives people
suffering from disasters great courage.
③Though he has been power for two years， he hasn’t found an
effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
to　
powerful　
in　
【寫美】　完成句子
④ well for the coming
final exam.
我將竭盡全力為即將到來的期末考試作好準備。
I’ll do everything in my power to prepare　
run out of 用完，耗盡
【教材原句】　Were you afraid of running out of supplies？
你害怕用光儲備的東西嗎？
【用法】
（1）run out of　 意為“用完了”，及物動詞短語，表示主動，主語
是人
（2）run out 意為“……用完了”，不及物動詞短語，主語常為時
間、食物、金錢等名詞
（3）give out 意為“用盡；精疲力竭”，不及物動詞短語
（4）use up 意為“用完；耗盡”，及物動詞短語，主語是人
【佳句】　She has run out of （＝used up） her money and mine is
running out （＝is being used up/is giving out）.
她已用光了她的錢，我的也快用光了。
【練透】　完成句子
①In the future， care for the environment will become very important as
the Earth’s natural resources .
在未來，愛護環境將會很重要，因為地球的自然資源將瀕臨枯竭。
② after he ran that long distance.
他跑了那么長的距離后，體力不支了。
run out　
His strength gave out　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③我需要你的幫助，因為我把汽油用完了。

I need your help， for I have run out of/used up petrol.
supply n.補給，補給品；供應；供應量，儲備 vt.供應，供給，提供
【用法】
（1）supply sth to sb ＝ provide sth for sb將某物供應給某人　　
（2）a supply of/supplies of ...　……的供應
in short supply 供應不足，供應短缺
water supply 供水
【佳句】　The government decided to supply houses to the disaster
victims.
政府決定為災民提供住房。
【辨析】　supply & offer & provide
supply 通常指定期“供應”所需或所要求之物，含有連續不斷地供給之意 supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb
offer 強調主動提供幫助、服務或令人向往之物等 offer sth to sb＝offer sb sth
provide 強調供應所需之物（尤指生活必需品） provide sth for sb＝provide sb with sth
【練透】　單句語法填空
①There’s usually a good supply resources around the town
center.
②New factories are situated in areas where （supply） of
power are available.
③The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are short supply
in this country.
④They have agreed on a plan to supply books and materials
schools.
of　
supplies　
in　
to　
【寫美】　一句多譯
⑤這位熱心人給了我們一些食物并主動幫助我們聯系了警察。
→The warm-hearted man
and offered to help us contact the police.（supply）
→The warm-hearted man
and offered to help us contact the police.（provide）
supplied us with some food/supplied some
food to us　
provided us with some food/provided some
food for us　
donate vt.捐贈，贈送；獻（血）
【教材原句】　Luckily， many people came to help， donating food
and clothes to charities.
幸運的是，很多人來幫忙，給慈善機構捐贈食品和衣服。
【用法】
（1）donate sth to ...　　向……捐贈某物
（2）donation n. 捐贈，捐獻
make a donation （of sth） to ... 向……捐贈（某物）
（3）donor n. 捐贈者；獻血者
【佳句】　After that， we will do some other meaningful activities，
including donating some pocket money or books to the old there.
在那之后，我們將做一些其他有意義的活動，包括捐贈一些零花錢或
書籍給那里的老人。
【點津】　donate 是及物動詞，但不能接雙賓語，而要與介詞to搭
配。有類似用法的詞還有introduce、explain等。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①To help more people in India， the IMA Blood Bank has also developed
a team to educate the public about blood （donate）.
②Doctors are searching a blood （donate） to the patient
whose blood type is rare.
donation　
donor　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③政府呼吁公眾給貧窮的孩子捐款。
→The government appeals to the public the poor
children.（donate）
→The government appeals to the public
the poor children.（donation）
to donate money to　
to make a donation of money
to　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
單句語法填空。
1. Some people are （scare） of using the buses late at night.
2. Everyone in the street was （shock） when they heard the
news.
3. Do you know who is the first astronaut （walk） on the
moon？
scared　
shocked　
to walk　
4. The local government supplied the victims enough relief.
5. He hurried to the station， only （tell） that the tickets
had been sold out.
6. Mary is a （power） woman in a large company.
7. The old scientist died all of a sudden， （leave） the
project unfinished.
8. The child is old enough （take） care of himself.
9. Our money is running .We’d better not buy anything.
10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting， as I had a
train （catch）.
with　
to be told　
powerful　
leaving　
to take　
out
to catch　
維度二：語法與寫作
完成句子。
1. Be careful！ The tea .
小心！ 茶太燙了，不能喝。
2. He was .
他太好了，主動給我讓座。
3. He is a nice .
他是一個很好相處的人。
4. I hurried to school .
我匆忙趕到學校，結果發現是星期天。
5. will be very successful.
下周要舉行的運動會將會很成功。
is too hot to drink　
so kind as to offer his seat to me　
person to get along with　
only to find it was Sunday　
The sports meeting to be held next week　
維度三：語法與語篇
根據漢語提示用動詞不定式的適當形式完成下面短文。
　　This summer holiday， I was 1. （足夠大可
以找到） a part-time job in a company.But I had 2.
（要參加一個面試）.With a lot of things to prepare， I was
very nervous.The next day， I arrived there early， 3.
（卻被告知） that I was 4. （第一個來的
人）.I was nervous again， then I found 5.
（一個解決問題的方法）.
　　Finally I got the opportunity 6. （在公
司里工作）.
old enough to find　
an interview to
attend　
only to be told　
the first one to come　
a way to solve the
problem　
to work in the company　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　As cities balloon with growth， access to nature for people living in
urban areas is becoming harder to find.If you’re lucky， there might be
a pocket park near where you live， but it’s unusual to find places in a
city that are relatively wild.
　　Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for
humans， but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely
important for human well-being.
　　The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed
several hundred park-goers， asking them to submit a written summary
online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The
researchers then examined these submissions， coding （編碼）
experiences into different categories.For example， one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a
while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
　　Across the 320 submissions， a pattern of categories the researchers
call a “nature language” began to emerge.After the coding of all
submissions， half a dozen categories were noted most often as important
to visitors.These include encountering wildlife， walking along the edge
of water， and following an established trail.
　　Naming each nature experience creates a usable language， which
helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most
satisfying and meaningful to them.For example， the experience of
walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young
　　“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-
nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen， we
also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter
Kahn， a senior author of the study.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于城市公園的研
究，說明了與大自然交流對人類健康的重要性，同時也指出要保護
大自然。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于城市公園的研
究，說明了與大自然交流對人類健康的重要性，同時也指出要保護
大自然。
1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the
text？（　?。?br/>A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中access to nature for people
living in urban areas is becoming harder to find以及it’s unusual to
find places in a city that are relatively wild可知，在城市里很難找到
野生自然。
2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories？
（　?。?br/>A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句及第四段可知，研究人
員之所以進行編碼分類是為了從公園游客提交的總結材料中找到他
們與自然交流行為的類別模式。
3. What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5？（　?。?br/>A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第五段所舉的例子可知，年輕的職業
人士周末可以在公園徒步旅行，工作日可以在午餐休息時間，沿著
噴泉散步，用不同的形式去體驗自然，即同樣的自然體驗會呈現不
同的形式。
4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to
Kahn？（　?。?br/>A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段Kahn的話可知，我們在與大
自然交流之前應該保護自然。
B
　　Official figures show that 101 people were killed in road accidents on
the streets of London last year.The city wants to reduce the number of
deaths and serious injuries on the capital’s roads to zero.It seems
impossible.But it focuses minds on an important question： What can help reduce accidents in a big city？ Transport for London （TfL）， the
capital’s road and rail authority， has some answers： safe speeds， safe vehicles， and so on.
　　A safety standard for Heavy Goods Vehicles （HGVs）， which
harnesses blind-spot cameras and close-proximity sensors （近距離傳感
器）， is pioneering.These cameras and sensors are widely placed where
they are needed.The European Commission has followed it.TfL has also
helpfully identified London’s most dangerous places.Half of Britain’s
most dangerous roads run through the capital.Around three-quarters of
accidents that cause deaths or serious injuries happen at crossings；the Holborn gyratory， near the British Museum， has been the site of the most deaths since 2012.Westminster is the most dangerous area for walkers and cyclists， so it introduced 20 mph speed limits on all its roads in 2021.
　　“Vision Zero” was launched in 2018.Deaths and serious injuries on London’s roads have fallen — by 53% and 40% respectively in 2022.But movement is not one-way.Deaths were record-breakingly low in 2020 and 2021.But in 2022 the deaths rose again.“We are moving in the right direction，” says Will Norman， London’s walking and cycling commissioner.
　　A funding crisis for TfL has put off improving the riskiest spots.Only
a few parts of the 1010 Avenue have bike lanes with guardrails.Safety is
the biggest barrier to people taking up cycling or letting their children walk
or cycle.But greener vehicles may be unsafe themselves.E-scooters （電
動踏板車） are the latest thing to confuse planners.“One of those doing
50 mph down the road is not good for anybody，” said Mr Norman.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了倫敦為了減少交通事故
采取了一系列措施以及“Vision Zero”計劃。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了倫敦為了減少交通事故
采取了一系列措施以及“Vision Zero”計劃。
5. What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 1？（　?。?br/>A. To make the article interesting.
B. To stress the importance of TfL.
C. To call on scientists to study the question.
D. To give some background information.
解析：　目的意圖題。根據第一段內容可知，去年倫敦街頭有
101人死于交通事故。為了避免更多類似事故發生，倫敦交通局給
出了一些方法：保持安全的速度、保持車輛安全等。因此，第一段
的目的是給出背景信息。
6. What does the underlined word “harnesses” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（　?。?br/>A. Compares. B. Removes.
C. Uses. D. Replaces.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的These cameras and sensors
are widely placed where they are needed.可知，盲點攝像頭和近距離
傳感器被廣泛安裝在需要的地方。結合畫線詞所在句可知，一項針
對重型貨車的安全標準使用了盲點攝像頭和近距離傳感器。由此猜
測，畫線詞意為“使用，利用”，與use意思相近。
7. What is Will Norman’s attitude to the “Vision Zero”？（　?。?br/>A. Doubtful. B. Supportive.
C. Puzzled. D. Unclear.
解析：　觀點態度題。根據第三段中威爾·諾曼所說“We are
moving in the right direction”可知，威爾·諾曼對這項計劃是
支持的。
8. What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph？（　　）
A. Bike lanes are not safe anymore for riders on roads.
B. Children should think twice when taking up cycling.
C. Safety has been a problem for some eco-friendly vehicles.
D. E-scooters have become the biggest confusion for planners.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Safety is the biggest barrier
to people taking up cycling or letting their children walk or cycle.But
greener vehicles may be unsafe themselves.可知，作者想告訴我們，
一些環保的交通工具本身就存在安全隱患。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Unlike hurricanes or floods， earthquakes happen without warning
and are usually followed by similar aftershocks， although the aftershocks
are usually less powerful than the quake.If you find yourself in the middle
of an earthquake， there’s often only a short time to decide what to
do.9.（　　）
　　 Drop to the ground.The drop， cover， and hold on technique is the
cousin of the famous “stop，drop and roll” for fires.While it’s not the
only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake， it is the
preferred method of the Red Cross.Big earthquakes occur without much，
if any， warning.10.（　?。?A small earthquake could turn into a big
earthquake in a split second； it’s better to be safe than sorry.
　　 Take cover.Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture.11.
（　?。?If there isn’t a table or desk near you， cover your face and
head with your arms and crouch （蜷縮） in an inside corner of the building.
　　 Hold on.12.（　?。?Hold on to whatever surface or platform
you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.If you were unable
to find a surface to hide under， continue to keep your head protected by
your arms and tucked （躲藏，隱藏） down low.
　　 13.（　?。?Researchers have shown that most injuries happen
when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded
and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.
A. Stay inside until it’s safe to get out.
B. In that case， move to the nearest safe place.
C. Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake.
D. So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits.
E. If possible， stay away from windows and anything that could fall.
F. The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be
falling.
G. Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and
death.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要給出了四條發生地震時該
如何反應的建議。
9. G　上句說明身處地震中，決定該做什么的時間很短。G項（考慮
以下建議可能是生與死的區別）承接上文，并引出下文提出的建議。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要給出了四條發生地震時該
如何反應的建議。
10. D　本段主旨句Drop to the ground.說明本段給出的建議是臥倒在
地。根據空格上下文可知，大地震發生時不會有太多預警，而小地震
在一剎那也可能會變成大地震。D項（所以建議地震一發生你就臥倒
在地）符合本段主旨，且與上下文語義一致。
11. E　本段主旨句Take cover.說明本段給出的建議是躲起來。上句說
明躲起來時應注意的事項。E項（如果可能的話，遠離窗戶和任何可
能墜落的物體）繼續介紹躲起來時的注意事項。
12. F　下句說明要待在相對安全的平面或平臺下面，等待震動停
止。F項（地面可能會晃動，木塊或磚塊可能會掉落）解釋下文動
作的原因。
13. A　空格位于段首，為本段主旨句。下文說明大多數傷害發生在
人們試圖改變躲藏的地點或者地方太擁擠并且每個人都想出去時。A
項（待在里面，直到出去是安全的）能夠概括下文內容。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　A single tremble shook beneath my feet.The trees above me began to
sway （搖擺） hard.Then came the deadly 　14　 that could only mean
one thing， destruction.Everything I saw was 　15　.My vision blurred
（模糊） seeing the remains of my house.The house that used to 　16　
all the happiness in the world was now 　17　 a pile of ruined
pieces.I 　18　 all the times I played with my little brother and
sister.Images of them were 　19　 in my mind.I regained a bit of
my 　20　 after lying on the ground for some time.My eyes viewed
different things， but I walked on mindlessly， with no 　21　 to
anything around me at all.
　 Years have passed since the disaster that 　22　 me years ago.I
never thought I would be okay again after this 　23　 event.
　　Today I’m going to California to help 　24　 of a recent
earthquake.Then， I see a young girl weeping into her arm.Losing family
was 　25　，but because of my life-changing experience， I am strong，
and I can 　26　 the lives of those who are suffering as I was.I gently
stuck out my hand for her to hold to.One day， she may 　27　 others the
way I did for her.She holds my hand tightly， and together， we look for
a brighter future where we can help those around us and 　28　 the world
starting with one disaster at a time.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者經歷了一次災難性的地震后，
人生發生了改變，以志愿者的身份去幫助像他一樣的人。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者經歷了一次災難性的地震后，
人生發生了改變，以志愿者的身份去幫助像他一樣的人。
14. A. silence B. power
C. emergency D. extinction
解析：　根據文章前兩句可知，作者描述的是地震來臨時的感
受，再根據空后的destruction并結合常識可知，該句是講大地震過
后死一般的沉寂，與上文的強烈震動形成對比。
15. A. under pressure B. in ruins
C. on hand D. in shock
解析：　根據下句My vision blurred （模糊） seeing the remains
of my house.可知，作者看到的一切都成了廢墟。
16. A. promote B. supply
C. contain D. measure
解析：　根據下句I 　18　 all the times I played with my
little brother and sister.可知，此處指這所房子承載了以往所
有的歡樂時光。
17. A. extremely B. obviously
C. actually D. simply
解析：　根據語境可知，這里的副詞起到強調作用，強調曾經
充滿歡樂的房子地震過后就只是一片廢墟。
18. A. adapted to B. thought of
C. concentrated on D. worked out
解析：　根據all the times可推知，作者想起以往和弟弟妹妹一
起玩耍的時光。
19. A. designed B. buried
C. carved D. observed
解析：　根據上句可知，作者面對廢墟時想起以往的歡樂時
光，弟弟妹妹的形象深深地刻在他的腦海里。
20. A. balance B. memory
C. strength D. impression
解析：　根據after lying on the ground for some time可知，作者在
地上躺了一會兒，恢復了一點力氣。
21. A. request B. comparison
C. path D. reaction
解析：　根據空前的I walked on mindlessly可知，經歷過大地
震，失去了一切之后，作者此時漫無目的地走著，什么東西都不
能引起他的反應。
22. A. struck B. identified
C. threatened D. reminded
解析：　根據上文作者對地震經歷的描述并結合此處語境可
知，這里指災難發生在作者身上，strike符合語境。
23. A. amazing B. frightening
C. exciting D. challenging
解析：　此處與上文對地震經歷的描述相呼應，這里指令人恐
懼的事件。
24. A. professionals B. volunteers
C. survivors D. experts
解析：　根據下文I gently stuck out my hand for her to hold to.可
知，這個女孩是地震幸存者。由此可推知，作者作為“過來人”
去幫助這里的地震幸存者。
25. A. painful B. unusual
C. awkward D. unique
解析：　根據空前的Losing family可知，失去家人是痛苦的。
26. A. appreciate B. possess
C. exchange D. improve
解析：　此處與下文where we can help those around us中help相呼
應，指作者希望用自己的力量幫助改善和他擁有相同經歷的人的
生活。
27. A. affect B. recognize
C. recommend D. contact
解析：　根據空后的the way I did for her可推知，作者認為這個
女孩或許以后也會像作者一樣，去幫助和影響其他人。
28. A. establish B. change
C. remove D. revise
解析：　根據文章可知，作者作為一個“過來人”，用志愿者
的身份去幫助其他人，這是他在經歷災難后作出的改變世界的行
為，作者希望這個女孩在將來能夠同樣在災難發生后，去幫助受
難者，改變災難后的世界。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　When Beverly Goodman was in primary school， she gave a series of
speeches on her favourite topic： disasters.She told her classmates about
the eruption 29. 　　　　　　 buried Pompeii， the Black Death， and
famous shipwrecks like the Titanic and the Lusitania.Today， at 45，
she’s a marine geoarchaeologist （海洋地質考古學家）who digs
coastlines for clues to erosion （侵蝕）， past tsunamis， and other
disasters.“It’s 30. 　　　　　　 （interest） now that I’m a disaster
scientist， basically，” she says.“It all came together.”
　　Human settlements have long been built around access
31. 　　　　　　 water.Goodman studies how the coastal change
affected our ancestors （祖先）： Were people forced to leave？ Did they
find ways 32. 　　　　　　 （adapt） to the changes？ This
knowledge， she says， can help 33. 　　　　　　 （we） “prepare
responsibly for what this landscape is going to look like in the future”.
That was the case when Goodman and her team of 34. 　　　 （scientist） proved tsunamis had struck the coast of what is now Israel over the course of thousands of years.Partly as 35. 　　　　　　 result of their research， the country in 2014 36. 　　　 （develop） its first tsunami preparedness plan.
　　“Humans are controlling coastlines more dramatically than ever，”
says Goodman.“To learn the effect 37. 　　　　　　 （cause） by
this， we need to be working faster， and we need more people working
on it.” She believes ancient clues buried underwater can save lives，
38. 　　　　　　 （particular） in places without written records.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。海洋地質考古學家研究古代災害，
幫助人們為未來可能發生的災害做好準備。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。海洋地質考古學家研究古代災害，
幫助人們為未來可能發生的災害做好準備。
29. that/which　考查關系代詞。設空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先
行詞eruption，且在從句中作主語。故填that/which。
30. interesting　考查詞形轉換。設空處作表語，意為“有趣的”。故
填interesting。
31. to　考查介詞。access to意為“（接近或進入某地的）方法，通
路”。
32. to adapt　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作后置定語，修飾ways，故填
to adapt。way to do sth意為“做某事的方法”。
33. us　考查代詞。設空處作動詞help的賓語，應用賓格形式。故填
us。
34. scientists　考查名詞復數。scientist為可數名詞，根據其前的her
team of可知，應用其復數形式。故填scientists。
35. a　考查冠詞。as a result of意為“由于，因為”，為固定短語。
36. developed　考查動詞的時態。根據in 2014可知，develop的動作發
生在過去，應用一般過去時，且the country與develop之間是主動關
系。故填developed。
37. caused　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作后置定語，修飾effect，且
effect與cause之間為被動關系。故填caused。
38. particularly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語，應用副詞，意為
“特別，尤其”。故填particularly。
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