資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1.With his legs injured， he found it difficult to climb up the s　　　　　　.
2.It has been c　　　　　　 that the World Internet Conference will take place next week.
3.People began to wonder how long the terrible d　　　　　　 would last.
4.The trapped hiker 　　　　　　（發信號） wildly for help but unfortunately nobody noticed.
5.Would you please 　　　　　　（通知） me of your plan in advance， so I can make arrangements accordingly？
6.When I was looking for the 　　　　　　（出口）， I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor， not the first floor.
7.A small plane 　　　　　　（墜毀） into a hillside five miles east of the city， killing all four people on board.
維度二：詞形轉換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1.Most of us volunteers breathed a sigh of 　　　　　（relieve） when the bus came to a stop.
2.He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong 　　　　　　（react）.
3.Two of passengers were killed and three were 　　　　　　（injure）.That’s how lucky you had to be.
4.You should keep us 　　　　　　（inform） whenever you are in trouble.
5.The wildfires， melting icebergs and rising sea level are all warnings about the 　　　　　　（destroy） impact of human activities on the fragile ecosystem.
6.It is assumed that nature involves an 　　　　　（order） regulated system.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1.杰克正在實驗室里工作，這時突然停電了。（be doing ...when ...）
Jack 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the power cut occurred.
2.請留下電話號碼，以防我們再次和你失去聯系。（in case）
Please leave your phone number 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.我們正盼望著那位專家來給我們演講。（動詞-ing形式的復合結構）
We are looking forward to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　give a speech to us.
4.我們二十年沒有見面了，但是我一見到他就認出他來了。（the moment引導時間狀語從句）
We hadn’t met each other for 20 years but I recognised him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.她不能把她的兒子單獨留下，哪怕很短的時間。（leave＋賓語＋賓語補足語）
She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　even for a short time.
6.當我遇到麻煩時，他是唯一一個幫我很多忙的人。（the only＋名詞＋to do ...）
He was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a lot when I was in trouble.
7.當我正要回家的時候，我突然想到要去參加一個會議。（occur to）
　　　　　　　　　　　　 I had a meeting to attend when I was about to go home.
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
　　Several examples told us that it is important to grasp necessary knowledge about disaster prevention.
　　Alice Brown was teaching 1.　　　　　　 the floor began to shake.Her students’ 2.　　　　　　 （react） was quick and correct.At 3.　　　　　　 same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case it 4.　　　　　　 （damage） during the shaking.The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown signalled to her students 5.　　　　　　 （exit） the classroom in an 6.　　　　　　 （order） line.All of them were safe and sound.
　　Sabrina Andron helped many people escape danger 7.　　　　　　 her knowledge of tsunamis.She noticed something odd while 8.　　　　　　 （walk） along Goldshore Beach.It 9.　　　　　　 （occur） to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.Her parents told this to a safety officer， who 10.　　　　　　 （immediate） realized the coming danger.The beach was cleared of people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·江蘇徐州高一期中）Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient Greece to the present day， countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable forerunners of forthcoming quakes.
　　However， there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard.“We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes，” said Egill， a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement， but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs， given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood.Actually， real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms.As it turns out， quake prediction is extremely difficult.
　　Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes.The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2，500 years ago： He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed， an earthquake occurred two days later， making Pherecydes famous.Nowadays， seismic （地震的） and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
　　Currently， Terra Seismic， an earthquake forecasting company， can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence.Generally， Terra Seismic does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40km.Fortunately， such quakes are almost always harmless， since the quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes，” Bruneau， an expert in earthquake engineering， said.“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”
1.Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult？（　　）
A.Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown.
B.Data on the early warning signs are not fully understood.
C.Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible.
D.It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses.
2.Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes？（　　）
A.To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
B.To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
C.To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
D.To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction.
3.What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake.
B.Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes.
C.Some quakes are harmless if the quake’s energy is released.
D.Scientists have no reliable way to predict an earthquake.
4. What is the main idea of the passage？（　　）
A.The reasons for earthquake forecasting.
B.The history of earthquake forecasting.
C.The methods of earthquake forecasting.
D.The future of earthquake forecasting.
B
　　Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and water.But rivers can destroy things， too.They can flood， or rise over their banks， making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also kill humans and wildlife.However， floods are not always bad.Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
　　Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For example， a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos.Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams， preventing the river from flowing.Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life.In addition， floodwaters can carry disease， including hepatitis A and cholera.
　　However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land.Over time， the water dries up and leaves behind particles （微粒） of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment （沉淀物） which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.Floods are important to some animals as well.For instance， some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat.Moreover， in dry seasons， water might dry up， but floods help refill the wetlands， keeping the ecosystem going.
　　Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
5.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.Become. B.Pollute.
C.Block. D.Develop.
6.How do floods help ecosystems？（　　）
A.Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B.Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C.Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D.Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
7.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.The way in which floods feed animals.
B.The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C.An effective means of improving soil.
D.The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
8.What’s the best title for this article？（　　）
A.Many Effects of Flooding
B.The Secret of Flooding
C.Floods： Everything Is So Bad
D.Floods： A Part of Nature
C
　　For many of the servicemen and women who’ve bravely served in war zones， leaving the horrors of the battlefield behind isn’t as simple as just hanging up their uniforms when they get home.
　　Post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） includes a wide range of symptoms （癥狀）.When Tyler Skluzacek， son of military veteran （老兵） Patrick Skluzacek saw his father’s life unravel as the result of repeated disabling nightmares， he knew he had to do something about it.
　　In 2015， when Tyler， then a senior at Macalester College， learned of an upcoming computer programming “hackathon” event in Washington， DC focused on developing apps to help people like his dad， he was determined to participate.
　　Tyler and his team came up with the “anti-night-terror” smartwatch app’s model.The program identifies night-time disturbances by monitoring the wearer’s heart rate and movements.Before the nightmare can take hold， the app delivers a gentle intervention （similar to a comforting touch） to reset the wearer’s sleep pattern.
　　Adjusting the correct vibration （振動） level for the watch proved to be a challenge.It had to deliver “just enough stimulus （刺激） to pull them out of the deep REM cycle and allow the sleep to continue unaffected，” Tyler told NPR.
　　With his dad serving as a volunteer guinea pig， Tyler continued to improve his creation until it was pretty much perfect.Once the problems were worked out and the app was performing as intended， both father and son were floored by the immediate difference it made in Patrick’s life.“It was night and day when I put that watch on and it started working，” Patrick said.The vibrations worked like “little miracles”.
　　Tyler， now a graduate student in computer science at the University of Chicago， realized the potential for the “little miracles” he’d created to help other PTSD sufferers.To put his life-changing app into widespread distribution， he sold the rights to an investor.
　　The technology （marketed under the brand name NightWare）should be accessible with a doctor’s recommendation — transforming nightmares into sweeter dreams and bringing hard-earned rest to deserving military veterans everywhere — in the near future.
9.What does the underlined word “unravel” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.Continue.
B.Collapse.
C.Take a different direction.
D.Become more complicated.
10.How does the smartwatch app help its users？（　　）
A.By making them sleep well.
B.By driving them to exercise regularly.
C.By helping them forget terrible experiences.
D.By reporting their health conditions to doctors.
11.What contribution did Patrick make when Tyler developed the app？（　　）
A.Convincing other veterans to participate in the research.
B.Assisting in recording and analyzing research data.
C.Providing financial support.
D.Serving as a test subject.
12.What can we expect of Tyler’s invention in the future？（　　）
A.It’ll reach consumers soon.
B.It’ll be sold at a low price.
C.It’ll be donated to PTSD patients.
D.It’ll take the place of traditional watches.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　A debris flow （泥石流） is a kind of destructive geological disaster.July to August is the most frequent period of debris flows in China.13.（　　）， it can increase the probability of survival in an emergency.
　　Don’t overlook your surroundings while hiking.Pay attention to the surrounding environment and pay special attention to whether you hear thunder-like sound from the valley in the distance.If you hear it， you should raise the alarm.14.（　　）.
　　Don’t panic and escape in the direction of a debris flow.When meeting with a debris flow， stay calm.15.（　　）.If the path is perpendicular （垂直的） to the direction of the debris flow， climb to the hillside on both sides.The higher the better and the faster the better.It is absolutely not allowed to go downstream of the debris flow.
　　16.（　　）.When travelling by car meeting a debris flow， you should abandon the car and run away.If you hide in the car， it is easy to be buried in the car.In that case， you are at great risk.
　　Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just happened.Sometimes the debris flow will happen intermittently （間歇地）.17.（　　）， you must be careful of another one on the road.You’d better take another way to find a safe route.
A.Don’t try to stay in your car
B.It is likely to be a sign of a debris flow
C.Try to determine the safe path to escape
D.Don’t drive a car for a trip in the mountain
E.Stay calm and look at the map on your phone
F.If you know some emergency knowledge about a debris flow
G.If you are walking through the area where the debris flow just happened
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.stairs　2.confirmed　3.disaster　4.signalled　5.inform
6.exit　7.crashed
維度二
1.relief　2.reaction　3.injured　4.informed　5.destructive　6.orderly
維度三
1.was working in the lab when　2.in case we lose touch with you again　3.the expert’s coming to　4.the moment I saw him
5.couldn’t leave her son alone　6.the only one to help me
7.It occurred to me that
維度四
1.when　2.reaction　3.the　4.was damaged　5.to exit
6.orderly　7.with　8.walking　9.occurred　10.immediately
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。地震預測是一種古老的技能。文章介紹了地震預測困難的原因以及地震預測的歷史和方法等。
1.A　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句以及Egill所說的話可知，地震預測如此困難有很多原因，人們對地震的一些基本物理原理尚不清楚是其中之一。
2.C　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，許多資料顯示，地震預測在古希臘是一門公認的科學，作者舉費雷西德斯的例子是為了表明地震預測是一門歷史悠久的科學。
3.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Bruneau所說的話可知，科學家們已經嘗試了所有可能的方法來預測地震，但沒有人能夠作出可信的預測。由此推斷，在第四段中布魯諾的意思是科學家沒有可靠的方法來預測地震。
4.C　主旨大意題。根據文章中心段，即第一段內容可知，地震預測是人類已知的最古老的技能之一；結合下文可知，本文主要介紹了地震預測的方法，包括地震預測困難的原因等。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。洪水作為大自然的一部分，對生態系統既有壞處也有好處。
5.C　詞義猜測題。根據第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及畫線詞后的preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水會沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土會堵塞河道，使河水無法流淌。由此可推測，畫線詞clog意為“堵塞”，與block意思相近。
6.A　細節理解題。根據第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所攜帶的營養物質可以使土壤更豐富，從而更好地改善生態系統。
7.B　段落大意題。根據第三段主旨句However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.可知，第三段主要講的是洪水對生態系統的好處。
8.D　標題歸納題。文章前兩段主要講洪水對生態系統不利的方面，第三段主要講洪水對生態系統的益處，最后一段總結全文，點明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D項（洪水：大自然的一部分）為文章最佳標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。在校大學生發明了可以改善睡眠質量的APP，來幫助PTSD患者。
9.B　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的as the result of repeated disabling nightmares， he knew he had to do something about it以及下文內容可知，Tyler的父親睡眠不好，這導致他的生活變得混亂、崩潰。故畫線詞unravel與collapse意思相近。
10.A　細節理解題。根據第四段第一句和最后一句以及第五段中It ...allow the sleep to continue unaffected可知，smartwatch app幫助使用者有一個好的睡眠。
11.D　推理判斷題。根據第六段可知，在開發和測試這個應用程序時，Patrick擔任了一個測試對象的角色。
12.A　細節理解題。根據最后一段內容可知，Tyler發明的應用技術將可以通過處方獲得，很快會被投入市場。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。有時候我們可能會遇到泥石流，這時候我們該怎么做呢？文章給出了一些建議。
13.F　根據空后的it can increase the probability of survival in an emergency及下文的敘述可知，F項（如果你了解一些緊急應對泥石流的知識）符合語境。
14.B　空前兩句介紹，如果聽見像雷的聲音要提高警惕。B項（那很可能是泥石流即將到來的跡象）解釋要提高警惕的原因，符合語境。B項中的It指代上文的thunder-like sound。
15.C　根據空后內容可知，此處是介紹遭遇泥石流時的逃跑路徑。C項（盡可能確定安全的逃生路徑）引起下文，符合語境。
16.A　根據空后內容，尤其是you should abandon the car and run away.If you hide in the car， it is easy to be buried in the car.可知，A項（不要試圖待在車里）適合作為本段的中心句。
17.G　根據本段首句Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just happened.及后半句you must be careful of another one on the road可知，G項（如果你正走過剛剛發生泥石流的地區）符合語境。
6 / 6Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
[1]Pupils’ lives spared① during Falmont earthquake
　　 By Raymond Tran
　　 18 March
　　[2]FALMONT—On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit② the county at 2：27 p.m.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured③ in the disaster④ area at large⑤.
　　[1]英語報刊的新聞標題一般不用過去時態，通常采用現在時態，以達到使動詞既傳神達意又具有時間感的目的，這種用法被稱作“新聞現在時”。 該標題省略了be動詞are； 標題中的spared 是對新聞核心內容的提煉；后置的介詞短語during Falmont earthquake點明事件發生的情境。
　　[2]句中that 引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞an earthquake，that 在從句中作主語。
　　[3]Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ reaction⑥ was quick and correct — they moved under their desks， head first， and held on to⑦ the legs of the desks.[4]At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case⑧ it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.[5]There were loud crashes⑨ of glass breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
　　[3]本句為sb was doing ... when ...句型，表示“某人正在做……，這時（突然）……”，when用作并列連詞，when后的分句用一般過去時。其中head teacher at Falmont Primary School作Alice Brown的同位語。
　　[4]句中in case引導目的狀語從句，意為“以防，以免”。
　　[5]本句是but連接的并列句。前一個分句中of glass breaking and things falling to the ground是介詞短語作后置定語；glass breaking和 things falling to the ground是動詞-ing形式的復合結構。
　　[6]The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape⑩. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.Within one minute and twenty seconds， the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground.Soon students from other classes arrived too.[7]After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound ， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other.
　　[6]名詞短語The moment用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句，表示“一……就……”；主句謂語動詞sensed后接省略that的賓語從句；it was the best time for sb to do sth 表示“是某人做某事的最好時候”。
　　[7]句中After 引導時間狀語從句，從句中含有一個that引導的賓語從句that all were safe and sound；主句謂語是relaxed，三個并列的動詞-ing形式laughing， crying和 hugging作伴隨狀語。
　　“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown，“so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”
Girl saves 100 from tsunami
　　 By Jessie Cable
　　 21 December
　　[8]NEWDALE—On 20 December， a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.[9]Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
　　[8]過去分詞短語caused by ...earthquake作后置定語，修飾名詞短語a series of huge waves；left thousands dead是“leave＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構。
　　[9]句中beach由the only修飾，故其后用動詞不定式短語to survive ...of life作后置定語。
　　The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.[10]People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd .[11]“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It wasn’t calm and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson.[12] It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami .
　　[10]本句用并列結構walking， running or simply sitting ...描寫了平常的一天游客們在海邊悠閑、舒適的狀態，與下文中海嘯來臨前的不平常形成強烈對比；enjoying ...their hair 為動詞-ing形式短語作伴隨狀語；that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the soft wind。
　　[11]本句使用了明喻的修辭手法，將海水（water）的狀態比喻成（like）啤酒表面的泡沫（the bubbles on the top of a beer），生動形象。
　　[12]It occurred to sb that ...表示“某人突然想到……”，其中，It 為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。
　　Sabrina was frightened， but she soon kept her head .She warned her parents of the danger， though at first they just thought she was joking.[13]However， Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.To her great relief ， the officer immediately realized the coming danger.The beach was rapidly cleared of people， just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
　　[13]句中was certain that ...和kept asking ...是并列謂語；that a terrible disaster was on its way是that引導的賓語從句。
【讀文清障】
①spare [生義]vt. 使幸免；使逃脫
②hit vi.& vt.攻擊，襲擊；打擊，危害 n.打，擊；受歡迎的人（或事物）
③injure vt.傷害，使受傷；損害
injured adj.受傷的
injury n.傷害；損害
④disaster n.災難，災害；徹底失敗
disastrous adj.災難性的
⑤at large 整個，全部
⑥reaction n.反應，回應；抗拒；化學反應
react vi.（對……）起反應，回應
⑦hold on to 抓緊，不放開
hold on （接電話）請稍等
⑧in case 以防；以防萬一
in case of 如果；假使
⑨crash n.碰撞聲，破裂聲；碰撞；崩潰
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞擊；崩潰
⑩make one’s escape 逃生
have a narrow escape 死里逃生；九死一生
signal vi.& vt.發信號，示意；標志 n.信號，暗號；標志；信號燈
exit vt.& vi.出去，離去，退場；退出 n.出口，通道；離開
entrance n.入口；通道；進入
the entrance/exit to ... ……的入口/出口
orderly adj.有秩序的，有條理的，整齊的
in an orderly line 井然有序；有秩序地排隊
stair n.樓梯；梯級
upstairs adv.在樓上
downstairs adv.在樓下
roll n.名單；卷；一管；翻滾
vi.& vt.翻滾，滾動；翻身；卷起
roll call 點名
confirm vt.證實，確認；使確信；批準
confirmation n.證實；確認書；證明書
safe and sound 安然無恙的
hug vt.擁抱，摟抱；抱緊
[同義]embrace vt.擁抱，抱
procedure n.程序，步驟，手續
safety procedures 安全程序
tsunami n.海嘯
a series of 一系列
[同義]a range of
race vt.& vi.賽跑；比賽；快速移動；快速運轉
race across 急速橫渡，急速穿越
odd adj.奇怪的，怪異的；偶爾的；不成對的
[同義]strange， unusual
[反義]normal， regular
bubble n.泡沫，泡，氣泡
occur vi.發生，出現；存在于
occur to 被想到，浮現在腦中
it occurs to sb that ...某人突然意識到……
an approaching tsunami 一場即將到來的海嘯
keep one’s head （在困境中）保持冷靜
relief n.寬慰，輕松；減輕，消除；救濟
to one’s great relief 使某人大為寬慰的是
clear ...of sb 使某人離開
be cleared of 被清除；撤走；清空
clear up 清理；消除；（天氣）放晴
【參考譯文】
弗爾蒙特發生地震　小學生成功逃生
　　 雷蒙德·特蘭
　　 3月18日
　　弗爾蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一場地震襲擊了弗爾蒙特縣，弗爾蒙特小學476名學生和36名教師成功逃生。盡管目前整個災區的傷亡數字是7人死亡，200多人受傷，但（在這所學校）只有5名學生受了輕傷。
　　弗爾蒙特小學校長艾麗斯·布朗當時正在授課，突然地面開始晃動。她的學生們反應迅速、正確——他們頭朝里， 爬到課桌下面，并緊緊抓住桌腿。與此同時，布朗女士立刻打開教室門，以防門在震動中損壞打不開。盡管玻璃破碎和物體落地發出陣陣巨響，但是學生們仍然一動不動，沉著安靜地等待著。
　　晃動一停止，布朗女士立即意識到這是全班逃生的最好時機。她示意學生們抱著頭，排好隊，有序離開教室。1分20秒內，全班下樓梯，跑到了操場上。很快，其他班的學生也趕到了。點名確認所有人都安然無恙后，他們才放松下來，笑啊，哭啊，互相擁抱著。
　　“我們每年進行兩次地震安全程序演練，”布朗女士說，“因此在地震時，孩子們都十分鎮定，能夠保護好自己。”
女孩拯救百人免遭海嘯襲擊
　　杰西·凱布爾
12月21日
　　紐代爾——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速沖過金海岸附近的海面，造成數千人死亡。金海岸海灘是當地唯一一個在此次災難中沒有任何人員損失的海灘。一個10歲的女孩，薩布麗娜·安德龍，利用自己掌握的海嘯知識幫助大約100人脫險。
　　那天剛開始，金海岸海灘上與往常一樣。人們在散步、晨跑，或者就是坐在沙灘上，享受著溫暖的海邊空氣和拂過發際的微風。薩布麗娜是這些快樂的游客中的一個，直到她注意到了一些奇怪的現象。“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一樣，” 她后來解釋說，“不平靜，也沒有潮來潮去。海水只是一個勁兒地涌過來，涌過來，再涌過來。”薩布麗娜剛在一節地理課上學習了有關海嘯的知識。她立刻意識到這些是海嘯來臨的征兆。
　　 薩布麗娜嚇壞了，不過她很快冷靜下來。她提醒父母有危險，但一開始他們只當她是在開玩笑。不過，薩布麗娜確信，一場可怕的災難正在逼近，于是便不停地讓父母去和安全員談一談。使她大為寬慰的是，這名安全員立即意識到了即將到來的危險。就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海灘上的人迅速疏散一空。
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What did Miss Brown do when she found the floor began to shake？（　　）
A. She waited calmly and quietly.
B.She still taught in the classroom.
C.She quickly opened the classroom door.
D.She signalled to her students to exit the classroom.
2.Why could the kids protect themselves during the earthquake？（　　）
A.The students of Falmont Primary School were brave.
B.They practised earthquake safety procedures regularly.
C.The classroom doors of Falmont Primary School were open.
D.Alice Brown was the head teacher at Falmont Primary School.
3.How did Sabrina’s parents react when they heard her warning at first？（　　）
A. They thought she was joking.
B.They cleared the beach rapidly.
C.They told the safety officer immediately.
D.They immediately realized the coming danger.
4.What’s the right order according to the second passage？（　　）
a.Sabrina’s parents didn’t believe her words.
b.Sabrina’s parents talked to the safety officer.
c.The beach was rapidly cleared of people by the safety officer.
d.People were enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind happily.
e.Sabrina noticed something unusual and told her parents.
A.cdeba　 B.eabcd　 C.cbaed　 D.deabc
5.Which of the following can best describe Sabrina？（　　）
A.Frank and brave.
B.Wise and calm.
C.Responsible and generous.
D.Energetic and independent.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1.詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
這兩則新聞報道多次使用crash和escape，但在不同的句子中，其詞性、詞義也不盡相同。
（1）請從課文中找出使用crash的句子，指出它們的詞性并背誦句子。
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）請從課文中找出使用escape的句子，指出它們的詞性并背誦句子。
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
（1）明喻是通常用比喻詞對兩個不同的事物進行比較的一種常見的比喻類型，明喻直接表明本體和喻體的相似之處，喻體和本體的相似之處都是擁有“包容”的特點。常用的明喻標志詞有 like、 as、 seem、 as ...as、 as if、 as though、 similar to等。
請從課文中找出一處使用明喻的句子。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）場景描寫：在描述場景時，使用視覺和聽覺進行細節描述，能讓讀者有身臨其境之感。
請從課文中找出一處場景描寫的句子。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
injure vt.傷害，使受傷；損害
【教材原句】　Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
盡管目前整個災區的傷亡數字是7人死亡，200多人受傷，但（在這所學校）只有5名學生受了輕傷。
【用法】
（1）injure one’s pride/feelings 傷害某人的自尊/情感 （2）injured adj. 受傷的，有傷的 be/get badly/seriously injured 嚴重受傷 the injured 受傷的人；傷員 （3）injury n. 傷；傷害；損傷 do an injury to sb＝do sb an injury 傷害某人
【佳句】　Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
他們中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受傷。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Don’t do that.You will do yourself an 　　　　　　（injure）.
②If you try to lift that heavy suitcase， you will do an injury 　　　　　　yourself.
③The 　　　　　　（injure） were taken to the nearest hospital during the big fire.
④Because she 　　　　　　（injure） badly， she cannot go climbing with us as planned.
【寫美】　用非謂語動詞升級句④
⑤　　　　　　， she cannot go climbing with us as planned.
reaction n.反應，回應；抗拒；化學反應
【教材原句】　Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks， head first， and held on to the legs of the desks.
她的學生們反應迅速、正確——他們頭朝里，爬到課桌下面，并緊緊抓住桌腿。
【用法】
（1）reaction to　　　　對……的反應 （2）react vi. （對……）起反應；回應；（對食物等）有不良反應 react to 對……作出反應/回應 react on/upon 對……有影響 react with 與……發生化學反應 react against 反對；反抗
【佳句】　It’s your choice how you live your life — you choose how you react to situations and how people will affect your mood.
如何過你的生活是你的選擇——你來選擇你如何對情況作出反應以及人們將如何影響你的心情。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Iron reacts 　　　　　　water and air to produce rust.
②This produced a chain 　　　　　　（react）， which made it possible for life to develop.
③Children sometimes react 　　　　　　the things their parents believe in， which can bother the parents much.
【寫美】　一句多譯
④你認為他會對你的建議作何反應？
→How do you think 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　？（react）
→What do you think 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　？（reaction）
signal vi.& vt.發信號，示意；標志 n.信號，暗號；標志；信號燈
【教材原句】　She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
她示意學生們抱著頭，排好隊，有序離開教室。
【用法】
（1）signal （to） sb to do sth 　示意某人做某事 signal sth to sb 向某人示意某事 signal （sb） that ... 示意（某人）…… （2）traffic signals 交通信號燈 a danger/warning signal 危險/警告信號
【佳句】　He signalled widely for help， but nobody noticed.
他拼命地發信號求助，但是沒有人注意到。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①As soon as he sat down at the table， he signalled to the waiter 　　　　　　（bring） the menu.
【寫美】　完成句子
②In order not to be heard， she pointed her finger upwards to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.為了不讓別人聽見，她向上伸出手指示意有人在樓上走動。
confirm vt.證實，確認；使確信；批準
【教材原句】　After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other.
點名確認所有人都安然無恙后，他們才放松下來，笑啊，哭啊，互相擁抱著。
【用法】
（1）confirm that ...　　 證實……；確定…… confirm sb in sth 使某人確信某事 confirm one’s belief/determination堅定某人的信念/決心 It has been confirmed that ...已經確定…… （2）confirmation n. 證實；確認書；證明書
【佳句】　His new role could confirm him as one of the leading actors.
他的新角色會確保他躋身一流演員之列。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It has confirmed me 　　　　　　my decision not to give up my studies.
②We are still awaiting 　　　　　　（confirm） of the exact number of people injured.
③His support 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他的支持堅定了我的決心。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④已經確定會議將于下周召開。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
occur vi.（occurred， occurred； occurring）發生，出現；存在于
【教材原句】　It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
她立刻意識到這些是海嘯來臨的征兆。
【用法】
occur to 　　　　　　　 被想到，浮現在腦中 sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事
【佳句】　There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.過去，在上下班的路上經常發生各種各樣的悲劇。
【點津】　occur 沒有被動語態，不用于進行時。occur作謂語時，主語不能是人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①With an idea occurring 　　　　　　me， I stepped to my brother.
②He was unconscious and as I looked at his face， something 　　　　　　（occur） to me.
③It didn’t occur to her 　　　　　　（ask） for help.
【寫美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 she should adopt the homeless child.
她突然想到她應該收養這個無家可歸的孩子。
relief n.寬慰，輕松；減輕，消除；救濟
【教材原句】　To her great relief， the officer immediately realized the coming danger.
使她大為寬慰的是，這名安全員立即意識到了即將到來的危險。
【用法】
（1）to one’s （great） relief使某人（深感）寬慰的是 with relief 如釋重負；松了口氣 sigh with relief 松了口氣 disaster relief 賑災物質 It is a relief to do sth 做某事是令人欣慰的 breathe a sigh of relief 如釋重負地松了口氣 What a relief！ 可輕松了！ （2）relieve vt. 減輕；緩解；消除；救濟 relieve sb of sth 緩解/減輕某人的（痛苦、負擔等）；解除……的職務 （3）relieved adj. 感到欣慰的
【佳句】　It was a relief to be able to talk to your parents about what your trouble was.
能和父母談談你的煩惱是一種解脫。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①He watched with 　　　　　　（relieve） as the girl nodded.
②The officer involved 　　　　　　　　（relieve） of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines.
③　　　　　　　　　　　， the children all arrived home safely.
使我們大為寬慰的是，孩子們都安全到家了。
④Behind me I could hear other girls 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我能聽到身后其他幾個女孩都如釋重負地松了口氣。
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤His children all found a good job， 　　　　　　　　　　　　.（relieved）
使他感到寬慰的是，他的孩子都找到了好的工作。
inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
【教材原句】　Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.
記得要了解事態的進展。
【用法】
（1）inform sb of/about sth 　　告知某人某事 inform sb that/where/how ... 通知某人…… keep sb informed of sth 使某人隨時了解某事 （2）information n.[U]信息；資料 a piece of information 一則消息
【佳句】　We will inform you in writing if your application has been successful.
如果你的申請獲得成功，我們將以書面形式通知你。
Keep me informed of any developments.
隨時通知我進展情況。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The boss asked his secretary to keep him well 　　　　　　（inform） of the programme’s progress.
②Besides， they often get some useful 　　　　　　（inform） from the Internet.
③He later informed me 　　　　　　I was “not athletic”.
【寫美】　完成句子
④I’m more than delighted 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that a short English film will be shown this weekend.我非常高興地告訴你這則好消息：本周末將放映一部英語短片。
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：be doing ...when ...正在做……，這時（突然）……
【教材原句】　Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake.
弗爾蒙特小學校長艾麗斯·布朗當時正在授課，突然地面開始晃動。
【用法】
正要做……，這時…… （2）had （just） done ...when ...　　剛做完……，這時…… （3）hardly ...when ... 正要做……；這時…… 注意：上述句型中，when用作并列連詞，相當于and at this/that time。
【品悟】　He had （just） finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.
他剛做完作業，這時媽媽要求他彈鋼琴。
【寫美】　完成句子/一句多譯
①I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I suddenly saw an old man knocked down by a car.
我正走在街上，突然看到一位老人被一輛汽車撞倒了。
②I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　he called me.我剛要入睡，他就打電話給我。
③我正要出發，這時開始下起大雨來了。
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it began to rain heavily.
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it began to rain heavily.
句型公式：in case引導目的狀語從句
【教材原句】　At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.
與此同時，布朗女士立刻打開教室門，以防門在震動中損壞打不開。
【用法】
（1）in case常見的三種用法：
①用作連詞，引導目的狀語從句，意為“以防（發生某事）”；
②用作連詞，引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果，假使”；
③起副詞作用，在句中作狀語，可單獨使用，意為“以防萬一”。
（2）in case of 　　　　 如果，假使（發生某事）
in any case 無論如何，不管怎樣
in this/that case 如果是這樣/那樣的話；在這種/那種情況下
as is often the case 這是常有的事
in no case 決不（置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝）
【品悟】　In case he arrives before I get back， please ask him to wait.
如果我回來前他就到了，請叫他等我。
I’m sure Henry will remember the time of the meeting， but why not give him a ring in case？
我確信亨利會記得會議時間，但以防萬一，為什么不給他打個電話呢？
【寫美】　完成句子/句式升級
①You had better take an umbrella with you 　　　　　　　　　　.
你最好帶把傘，以防下雨。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， here’s my telephone number.
萬一你需要幫助的話，這是我的電話號碼。
③He was late for school this morning， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他今天上午上學遲到了，這是常有的事。
④　　　　　　　　　 fire， ring the alarm bell.
如遇火警，即按警鈴。
⑤We should in no case do anything that goes against the law.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 do anything that goes against the law.（部分倒裝）
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.escaped　2.quick and correct　3.Miss Brown’s　4.twice　5.around 100　6.the signs　7.a safety officer　8.cleared of
第二步
1－5　CBADB
第三步
1.（1）①There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.（名詞）
②The beach was rapidly cleared of people， just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.（動詞）
（2）①On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2：27 p.m.（動詞）
②The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.（名詞）
③A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.（動詞）
2.（1）“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.
（2）People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.
【核心知識·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①injury　②to　③injured　④was injured　⑤Injured badly
2.①with　②reaction　③against　④he will react to your suggestion； his reaction to your suggestion will be
3.①to bring
②signal that someone was moving about upstairs
4.①in　②confirmation　③confirmed my determination
④It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
5.①to　②occurred　③to ask
④It occurred to/struck/hit her that
6.①relief　②was relieved　③To our great relief
④sigh with relief/breathe a sigh of relief
⑤which made him relieved
7.①informed　②information　③that
④to inform you of the good news
Part Ⅱ
1.①was walking on the street when　②had hardly fallen asleep when　③was about to set out when； was on the point of setting out when
2.①in case it rains　②In case you should need any help
③as is often the case　④In case of
⑤In no case should we
12 / 12(共115張PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
[1]Pupils’ lives spared① during Falmont earthquake
　　 By Raymond Tran
　　 18 March
　　[2]FALMONT—On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at
Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit② the county at 2：
27 p.m.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current
figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured③ in the disaster④ area at large⑤.
　　[1]英語報刊的新聞標題一般不用過去時態，通常采用現在時
態，以達到使動詞既傳神達意又具有時間感的目的，這種用法被稱
作“新聞現在時”。 該標題省略了be動詞are； 標題中的spared 是對
新聞核心內容的提煉；后置的介詞短語during Falmont earthquake點明
事件發生的情境。
　　[2]句中that 引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞an earthquake，
that 在從句中作主語。
【讀文清障】
①spare [生義]vt. 使幸免；使逃脫
②hit vi.& vt.攻擊，襲擊；打擊，危害 n.打，擊；受歡迎的人
（或事物）
③injure vt.傷害，使受傷；損害
injured adj.受傷的
injury n.傷害；損害
④disaster n.災難，災害；徹底失敗
disastrous adj.災難性的
⑤at large 整個，全部
　　[3]Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was
teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ reaction⑥ was
quick and correct — they moved under their desks， head first， and held
on to⑦ the legs of the desks.[4]At the same time， Miss Brown quickly
opened the classroom door， in case⑧ it became damaged during the
shaking and could not open.[5]There were loud crashes⑨ of glass
breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still
and waited calmly and quietly.
　　[3]本句為sb was doing ... when ...句型，表示“某人正在
做……，這時（突然）……”，when用作并列連詞，when后的分句
用一般過去時。其中head teacher at Falmont Primary School作Alice
Brown的同位語。
　　[4]句中in case引導目的狀語從句，意為“以防，以免”。
　　[5]本句是but連接的并列句。前一個分句中of glass breaking and
things falling to the ground是介詞短語作后置定語；glass breaking和
things falling to the ground是動詞-ing形式的復合結構。
⑥reaction n.反應，回應；抗拒；化學反應
react vi.（對……）起反應，回應
⑦hold on to 抓緊，不放開
hold on （接電話）請稍等
⑧in case 以防；以防萬一
in case of 如果；假使
⑨crash n.碰撞聲，破裂聲；碰撞；崩潰
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞擊；崩潰
　　[6]The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape⑩. She signalled to her
students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads
with their hands.Within one minute and twenty seconds， the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground.Soon students from other classes arrived too.[7]After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound ， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other.
　　[6]名詞短語The moment用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句，表示
“一……就……”；主句謂語動詞sensed后接省略that的賓語從句；it
was the best time for sb to do sth 表示“是某人做某事的最好時候”。
　　[7]句中After 引導時間狀語從句，從句中含有一個that引導的賓
語從句that all were safe and sound；主句謂語是relaxed，三個并列的
動詞-ing形式laughing， crying和 hugging作伴隨狀語。
⑩make one’s escape 逃生
have a narrow escape 死里逃生；九死一生
signal vi.& vt.發信號，示意；標志 n.信號，暗號；標志；信號燈
exit vt.& vi.出去，離去，退場；退出 n.出口，通道；離開
entrance n.入口；通道；進入
the entrance/exit to ... ……的入口/出口
orderly adj.有秩序的，有條理的，整齊的
in an orderly line 井然有序；有秩序地排隊
stair n.樓梯；梯級
upstairs adv.在樓上
downstairs adv.在樓下
roll n.名單；卷；一管；翻滾
vi.& vt.翻滾，滾動；翻身；卷起
roll call 點名
confirm vt.證實，確認；使確信；批準
confirmation n.證實；確認書；證明書
safe and sound 安然無恙的
hug vt.擁抱，摟抱；抱緊
[同義]embrace vt.擁抱，抱
　　“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said
Miss Brown，“so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves
during the earthquake.”
procedure n.程序，步驟，手續
safety procedures 安全程序
Girl saves 100 from tsunami
　　 By Jessie Cable
　　 21 December
　　[8]NEWDALE—On 20 December， a series of huge waves
caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore
and left thousands dead.[9]Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to
survive the disaster without any loss of life.A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina
Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of
tsunamis.
　　[8]過去分詞短語caused by ...earthquake作后置定語，修飾名詞
短語a series of huge waves；left thousands dead是“leave＋賓語＋賓語
補足語”結構。
　　[9]句中beach由the only修飾，故其后用動詞不定式短語to
survive ...of life作后置定語。
tsunami n.海嘯
a series of 一系列
[同義]a range of
race vt.& vi.賽跑；比賽；快速移動；快速運轉
race across 急速橫渡，急速穿越
　　The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.[10]People were
walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the
warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.Sabrina was one of
the happy tourists until she noticed something odd .[11]“The water was
like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It
wasn’t calm and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in
and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography
lesson.[12] It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an
approaching tsunami .
　　[10]本句用并列結構walking， running or simply sitting ...描寫
了平常的一天游客們在海邊悠閑、舒適的狀態，與下文中海嘯來臨
前的不平常形成強烈對比；enjoying ...their hair 為動詞-ing形式短語
作伴隨狀語；that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the soft wind。
　　[11]本句使用了明喻的修辭手法，將海水（water）的狀態比喻
成（like）啤酒表面的泡沫（the bubbles on the top of a beer），生動
形象。
　　[12]It occurred to sb that ...表示“某人突然想到……”，其
中，It 為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。
odd adj.奇怪的，怪異的；偶爾的；不成對的
[同義]strange， unusual
[反義]normal， regular
bubble n.泡沫，泡，氣泡
occur vi.發生，出現；存在于
occur to 被想到，浮現在腦中
it occurs to sb that ...某人突然意識到……
an approaching tsunami 一場即將到來的海嘯
　　Sabrina was frightened， but she soon kept her head .She warned
her parents of the danger， though at first they just thought she was
joking.[13]However， Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on
its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.To her great
relief ， the officer immediately realized the coming danger.The beach
was rapidly cleared of people， just before the huge waves crashed into
the coast.
　　[13]句中was certain that ...和kept asking ...是并列謂語；that a
terrible disaster was on its way是that引導的賓語從句。
keep one’s head （在困境中）保持冷靜
relief n.寬慰，輕松；減輕，消除；救濟
to one’s great relief 使某人大為寬慰的是
clear ...of sb 使某人離開
be cleared of 被清除；撤走；清空
clear up 清理；消除；（天氣）放晴
【參考譯文】
弗爾蒙特發生地震　小學生成功逃生
　　 雷蒙德·特蘭
　　 3月18日
　　弗爾蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一場地震襲擊了弗爾蒙特縣，
弗爾蒙特小學476名學生和36名教師成功逃生。盡管目前整個災區的
傷亡數字是7人死亡，200多人受傷，但（在這所學校）只有5名學生
受了輕傷。
　　弗爾蒙特小學校長艾麗斯·布朗當時正在授課，突然地面開始晃
動。她的學生們反應迅速、正確——他們頭朝里， 爬到課桌下面，并
緊緊抓住桌腿。與此同時，布朗女士立刻打開教室門，以防門在震動
中損壞打不開。盡管玻璃破碎和物體落地發出陣陣巨響，但是學生們
仍然一動不動，沉著安靜地等待著。
　　晃動一停止，布朗女士立即意識到這是全班逃生的最好時機。她
示意學生們抱著頭，排好隊，有序離開教室。1分20秒內，全班下樓
梯，跑到了操場上。很快，其他班的學生也趕到了。點名確認所有人
都安然無恙后，他們才放松下來，笑啊，哭啊，互相擁抱著。
　　“我們每年進行兩次地震安全程序演練，”布朗女士說，“因此
在地震時，孩子們都十分鎮定，能夠保護好自己。”
女孩拯救百人免遭海嘯襲擊
　　杰西·凱布爾
12月21日
　　紐代爾——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速沖過金
海岸附近的海面，造成數千人死亡。金海岸海灘是當地唯一一個在此
次災難中沒有任何人員損失的海灘。一個10歲的女孩，薩布麗娜·安
德龍，利用自己掌握的海嘯知識幫助大約100人脫險。
　　那天剛開始，金海岸海灘上與往常一樣。人們在散步、晨跑，或
者就是坐在沙灘上，享受著溫暖的海邊空氣和拂過發際的微風。薩布
麗娜是這些快樂的游客中的一個，直到她注意到了一些奇怪的現象。
“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一樣，” 她后來解釋說，“不平靜，也沒有
潮來潮去。海水只是一個勁兒地涌過來，涌過來，再涌過來。”薩布
麗娜剛在一節地理課上學習了有關海嘯的知識。她立刻意識到這些是
海嘯來臨的征兆。
　　 薩布麗娜嚇壞了，不過她很快冷靜下來。她提醒父母有危險，但
一開始他們只當她是在開玩笑。不過，薩布麗娜確信，一場可怕的災
難正在逼近，于是便不停地讓父母去和安全員談一談。使她大為寬慰
的是，這名安全員立即意識到了即將到來的危險。就在巨浪拍岸的前
一刻，海灘上的人迅速疏散一空。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What did Miss Brown do when she found the floor began to shake？
（　　）
A. She waited calmly and quietly.
B. She still taught in the classroom.
C. She quickly opened the classroom door.
D. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom.
2. Why could the kids protect themselves during the earthquake？
（　　）
A. The students of Falmont Primary School were brave.
B. They practised earthquake safety procedures regularly.
C. The classroom doors of Falmont Primary School were open.
D. Alice Brown was the head teacher at Falmont Primary School.
3. How did Sabrina’s parents react when they heard her warning at
first？（　　）
A. They thought she was joking.
B. They cleared the beach rapidly.
C. They told the safety officer immediately.
D. They immediately realized the coming danger.
4. What’s the right order according to the second passage？（　　）
a.Sabrina’s parents didn’t believe her words.
b.Sabrina’s parents talked to the safety officer.
c.The beach was rapidly cleared of people by the safety officer.
d.People were enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind happily.
e.Sabrina noticed something unusual and told her parents.
A. cdeba B. eabcd
C. cbaed D. deabc
5. Which of the following can best describe Sabrina？（　　）
A. Frank and brave.
B. Wise and calm.
C. Responsible and generous.
D. Energetic and independent.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1. 詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
這兩則新聞報道多次使用crash和escape，但在不同的句子中，其詞
性、詞義也不盡相同。
（1）請從課文中找出使用crash的句子，指出它們的詞性并背
誦句子。
①


There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling
to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly
and quietly.（名詞）
②

（2）請從課文中找出使用escape的句子，指出它們的詞性并背誦
句子。
①


②

③

The beach was rapidly cleared of people， just before the
huge waves crashed into the coast.（動詞）
On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont
Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2：
27 p.m.（動詞）
The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it
was the best time for the class to make their escape.（名詞）
A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100
people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.（動詞）
2. 美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
（1）明喻是通常用比喻詞對兩個不同的事物進行比較的一種常見
的比喻類型，明喻直接表明本體和喻體的相似之處，喻體和
本體的相似之處都是擁有“包容”的特點。常用的明喻標志
詞有 like、 as、 seem、 as ...as、 as if、 as though、 similar
to等。
請從課文中找出一處使用明喻的句子。


“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she
later explained.
（2）場景描寫：在描述場景時，使用視覺和聽覺進行細節描述，
能讓讀者有身臨其境之感。
請從課文中找出一處場景描寫的句子。



People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy
beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed
their hair.
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
injure vt.傷害，使受傷；損害
【教材原句】　Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the
current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at
large.
盡管目前整個災區的傷亡數字是7人死亡，200多人受傷，但（在這所
學校）只有5名學生受了輕傷。
【用法】
（1）injure one’s pride/feelings 傷害某人的自尊/情感
（2）injured adj. 受傷的，有傷的
be/get badly/seriously injured　嚴重受傷
the injured 受傷的人；傷員
（3）injury n. 傷；傷害；損傷
do an injury to sb＝do sb an injury傷害某人
【佳句】　Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the
earthquake.
他們中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受傷。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Don’t do that.You will do yourself an （injure）.
②If you try to lift that heavy suitcase， you will do an injury
yourself.
③The （injure） were taken to the nearest hospital during the
big fire.
④Because she （injure） badly， she cannot go
climbing with us as planned.
injury　
to　
injured　
was injured　
【寫美】　用非謂語動詞升級句④
⑤ ， she cannot go climbing with us as planned.
Injured badly　
reaction n.反應，回應；抗拒；化學反應
【教材原句】　Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they
moved under their desks， head first， and held on to the legs of the
desks.
她的學生們反應迅速、正確——他們頭朝里，爬到課桌下面，并緊緊
抓住桌腿。
【用法】
（1）reaction to　 對……的反應
（2）react vi.（對……）起反應；回應；（對食物等）有不良反應
react to 對……作出反應/回應
react on/upon 對……有影響
react with 與……發生化學反應
react against 反對；反抗
【佳句】　It’s your choice how you live your life — you choose how
you react to situations and how people will affect your mood.
如何過你的生活是你的選擇——你來選擇你如何對情況作出反應以及
人們將如何影響你的心情。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Iron reacts water and air to produce rust.
②This produced a chain （react）， which made it possible
for life to develop.
③Children sometimes react the things their parents believe
in， which can bother the parents much.
with　
reaction　
against　
【寫美】　一句多譯
④你認為他會對你的建議作何反應？
→How do you think ？（react）
→What do you think ？
（reaction）
he will react to your suggestion　
his reaction to your suggestion will be　
signal vi.& vt.發信號，示意；標志 n.信號，暗號；標志；信號燈
【教材原句】　She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an
orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
她示意學生們抱著頭，排好隊，有序離開教室。
【用法】
（1）signal （to） sb to do sth 　示意某人做某事
signal sth to sb 向某人示意某事
signal （sb） that ... 示意（某人）……
（2）traffic signals 交通信號燈
a danger/warning signal 危險/警告信號
【佳句】　He signalled widely for help， but nobody noticed.
他拼命地發信號求助，但是沒有人注意到。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①As soon as he sat down at the table， he signalled to the waiter
（bring） the menu.
to
bring　
【寫美】　完成句子
②In order not to be heard， she pointed her finger upwards to
.
為了不讓別人聽見，她向上伸出手指示意有人在樓上走動。
signal
that someone was moving about upstairs　
confirm vt.證實，確認；使確信；批準
【教材原句】　After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，
they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other.
點名確認所有人都安然無恙后，他們才放松下來，笑啊，哭啊，互相
擁抱著。
【用法】
（1）confirm that ...　　 證實……；確定……
confirm sb in sth 使某人確信某事
confirm one’s belief/determination 堅定某人的信念/決心
It has been confirmed that ... 已經確定……
（2）confirmation n. 證實；確認書；證明書
【佳句】　His new role could confirm him as one of the leading actors.
他的新角色會確保他躋身一流演員之列。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It has confirmed me my decision not to give up my studies.
②We are still awaiting （confirm） of the exact
number of people injured.
③His support .
他的支持堅定了我的決心。
in　
confirmation　
confirmed my determination　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④已經確定會議將于下周召開。

It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
occur vi.（occurred， occurred； occurring）發生，出現；存在于
【教材原句】　It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of
an approaching tsunami.
她立刻意識到這些是海嘯來臨的征兆。
【用法】
occur to 　　被想到，浮現在腦中
sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事
【佳句】　There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way
to and from work.
過去，在上下班的路上經常發生各種各樣的悲劇。
【點津】　occur 沒有被動語態，不用于進行時。occur作謂語時，主
語不能是人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①With an idea occurring me， I stepped to my brother.
②He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，
something （occur） to me.
③It didn’t occur to her （ask） for help.
to　
occurred　
to ask　
【寫美】　完成句子
④ she should adopt the homeless
child.
她突然想到她應該收養這個無家可歸的孩子。
It occurred to/struck/hit her that　
relief n.寬慰，輕松；減輕，消除；救濟
【教材原句】　To her great relief， the officer immediately realized the
coming danger.
使她大為寬慰的是，這名安全員立即意識到了即將到來的危險。
【用法】
（1）to one’s （great） relief使某人（深感）寬慰的是
with relief 如釋重負；松了口氣
sigh with relief 松了口氣
disaster relief 賑災物質
It is a relief to do sth 做某事是令人欣慰的
breathe a sigh of relief 如釋重負地松了口氣
What a relief！ 可輕松了！
（2）relieve vt. 減輕；緩解；消除；救濟
relieve sb of sth 緩解/減輕某人的（痛苦、負擔等）；解除……的職務
（3）relieved adj. 感到欣慰的
【佳句】　It was a relief to be able to talk to your parents about what
your trouble was.
能和父母談談你的煩惱是一種解脫。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①He watched with （relieve） as the girl nodded.
②The officer involved （relieve） of his duties because
he had violated strict guidelines.
③ ， the children all arrived home safely.
使我們大為寬慰的是，孩子們都安全到家了。
④Behind me I could hear other girls
.
我能聽到身后其他幾個女孩都如釋重負地松了口氣。
relief　
was relieved　
To our great relief　
sigh with relief/breathe a sigh of
relief　
【寫美】　完成句子
His children all found a good job， .
（relieved）
使他感到寬慰的是，他的孩子都找到了好的工作。
which made him relieved　
inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
【教材原句】　Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.
記得要了解事態的進展。
【用法】
（1）inform sb of/about sth 　　告知某人某事
inform sb that/where/how ... 通知某人……
keep sb informed of sth 使某人隨時了解某事
（2）information n.[U]信息；資料
a piece of information 一則消息
【佳句】　We will inform you in writing if your application has been
successful.
如果你的申請獲得成功，我們將以書面形式通知你。
Keep me informed of any developments.
隨時通知我進展情況。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The boss asked his secretary to keep him well （inform）
of the programme’s progress.
②Besides， they often get some useful （inform） from
the Internet.
③He later informed me I was “not athletic”.
informed　
information　
that　
【寫美】　完成句子
④I’m more than delighted that a
short English film will be shown this weekend.
我非常高興地告訴你這則好消息：本周末將放映一部英語短片。
to inform you of the good news　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：be doing ...when ...正在做……，這時（突然）……
【教材原句】　Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary
School， was teaching when the floor began to shake.
弗爾蒙特小學校長艾麗斯·布朗當時正在授課，突然地面開始晃動。
【用法】
【品悟】　He had （just） finished his homework when his mother
asked him to play the piano.
他剛做完作業，這時媽媽要求他彈鋼琴。
【寫美】　完成句子/一句多譯
①I I suddenly saw an old man
knocked down by a car.
我正走在街上，突然看到一位老人被一輛汽車撞倒了。
②I he called me.
我剛要入睡，他就打電話給我。
③我正要出發，這時開始下起大雨來了。
→I it began to rain heavily.
→I it began to rain heavily.
was walking on the street when　
had hardly fallen asleep when　
was about to set out when　
was on the point of setting out when　
句型公式：in case引導目的狀語從句
【教材原句】　At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the
classroom door， in case it became damaged during the shaking and could
not open.
與此同時，布朗女士立刻打開教室門，以防門在震動中損壞打不開。
【用法】
（1）in case常見的三種用法：
①用作連詞，引導目的狀語從句，意為“以防（發生某事）”；
②用作連詞，引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果，假使”；
③起副詞作用，在句中作狀語，可單獨使用，意為“以防萬一”。
（2）in case of 　　如果，假使（發生某事）
in any case 無論如何，不管怎樣
in this/that case 如果是這樣/那樣的話；在這種/那種情況下
as is often the case 這是常有的事
in no case 決不（置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝）
【品悟】　In case he arrives before I get back， please ask him to wait.
如果我回來前他就到了，請叫他等我。
I’m sure Henry will remember the time of the meeting， but why not
give him a ring in case？我確信亨利會記得會議時間，但以防萬一，為
什么不給他打個電話呢？
【寫美】　完成句子/句式升級
①You had better take an umbrella with you .　
你最好帶把傘，以防下雨。
② ， here’s my telephone number.
萬一你需要幫助的話，這是我的電話號碼。
in case it rains　
In case you should need any help　
③He was late for school this morning， .
他今天上午上學遲到了，這是常有的事。
④ fire， ring the alarm bell.
如遇火警，即按警鈴。
as is often the case　
In case of　
⑤We should in no case do anything that goes against the law.
→ do anything that goes against the law.（部分
倒裝）
In no case should we　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1. With his legs injured， he found it difficult to climb up the s .
2. It has been c that the World Internet Conference will take
place next week.
3. People began to wonder how long the terrible d would last.
tairs　
onfirmed　
isaster　
4. The trapped hiker （發信號） wildly for help but
unfortunately nobody noticed.
5. Would you please （通知） me of your plan in advance，
so I can make arrangements accordingly？
6. When I was looking for the （出口）， I saw that shoes were
actually sold downstairs on the ground floor， not the first floor.
7. A small plane （墜毀） into a hillside five miles east of
the city， killing all four people on board.
signalled　
inform　
exit　
crashed　
維度二：詞形轉換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1. Most of us volunteers breathed a sigh of （relieve） when
the bus came to a stop.
2. He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a
strong （react）.
3. Two of passengers were killed and three were
（injure）.That’s how lucky you had to be.
relief　
reaction　
injured　
4. You should keep us （inform） whenever you are in
trouble.
5. The wildfires， melting icebergs and rising sea level are all warnings
about the （destroy） impact of human activities on
the fragile ecosystem.
6. It is assumed that nature involves an （order） regulated
system.
informed　
destructive　
orderly　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1. 杰克正在實驗室里工作，這時突然停電了。（be
doing ...when ...）
Jack the power cut occurred.
2. 請留下電話號碼，以防我們再次和你失去聯系。（in case）
Please leave your phone number
.
was working in the lab when　
in case we lose touch with you
again　
3. 我們正盼望著那位專家來給我們演講。（動詞-ing形式的復合
結構）
We are looking forward to give a speech
to us.
4. 我們二十年沒有見面了，但是我一見到他就認出他來了。（the
moment引導時間狀語從句）
We hadn’t met each other for 20 years but I recognised him
.
the expert’s coming to　
the
moment I saw him　
5. 她不能把她的兒子單獨留下，哪怕很短的時間。（leave＋賓語＋
賓語補足語）
She even for a short time.
6. 當我遇到麻煩時，他是唯一一個幫我很多忙的人。（the only＋名
詞＋to do ...）
He was a lot when I was in trouble.
couldn’t leave her son alone　
the only one to help me　
7. 當我正要回家的時候，我突然想到要去參加一個會議。（occur
to）
I had a meeting to attend when I was about
to go home.
It occurred to me that　
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確
形式。
　　Several examples told us that it is important to grasp necessary
knowledge about disaster prevention.
　　Alice Brown was teaching 1. the floor began to shake.Her
students’ 2. （react） was quick and correct.At 3.
same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case it
4. （damage） during the shaking.The moment the
shaking stopped， Miss Brown signalled to her students 5.
（exit） the classroom in an 6. （order） line.All of them
were safe and sound.
when　
reaction　
the　
was damaged　
to exit　
orderly　
　　Sabrina Andron helped many people escape danger 7. her
knowledge of tsunamis.She noticed something odd while 8.
（walk） along Goldshore Beach.It 9. （occur） to her that
these were signs of an approaching tsunami.Her parents told this to a
safety officer， who 10. （immediate） realized the
coming danger.The beach was cleared of people just before the huge
waves crashed into the coast.
with　
walking　
occurred　
immediately　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·江蘇徐州高一期中）Earthquake forecasting is one of the
most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient Greece to the present
day， countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict
earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable
forerunners of forthcoming quakes.
　　However， there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so
hard.“We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes，” said
Egill， a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.
Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement， but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs， given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood.Actually， real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms.As it turns out， quake prediction is extremely difficult.
　　Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized
science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and
were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes.The first
known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2，500 years
ago： He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually
very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed， an earthquake
occurred two days later， making Pherecydes famous.Nowadays，
seismic （地震的） and remote-sensing methods are considered to have
the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction
problem.
　　Currently， Terra Seismic， an earthquake forecasting company，
can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence.
Generally， Terra Seismic does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40km.Fortunately， such quakes are almost always harmless， since the quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes，” Bruneau， an expert in earthquake engineering， said.“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。地震預測是一種古老的技能。文章
介紹了地震預測困難的原因以及地震預測的歷史和方法等。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。地震預測是一種古老的技能。文章
介紹了地震預測困難的原因以及地震預測的歷史和方法等。
1. Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult？（　　）
A. Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown.
B. Data on the early warning signs are not fully understood.
C. Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible.
D. It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句以及Egill所說的話可
知，地震預測如此困難有很多原因，人們對地震的一些基本物理原
理尚不清楚是其中之一。
2. Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes？（　　）
A. To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
B. To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
C. To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
D. To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake
prediction.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，許多資料顯示，地
震預測在古希臘是一門公認的科學，作者舉費雷西德斯的例子是為
了表明地震預測是一門歷史悠久的科學。
3. What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A. Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake.
B. Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes.
C. Some quakes are harmless if the quake’s energy is released.
D. Scientists have no reliable way to predict an earthquake.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Bruneau所說的話可知，
科學家們已經嘗試了所有可能的方法來預測地震，但沒有人能夠作
出可信的預測。由此推斷，在第四段中布魯諾的意思是科學家沒有
可靠的方法來預測地震。
4. What is the main idea of the passage？（　　）
A. The reasons for earthquake forecasting.
B. The history of earthquake forecasting.
C. The methods of earthquake forecasting.
D. The future of earthquake forecasting.
解析：　主旨大意題。根據文章中心段，即第一段內容可知，地
震預測是人類已知的最古老的技能之一；結合下文可知，本文主要
介紹了地震預測的方法，包括地震預測困難的原因等。
B
　　Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and
water.But rivers can destroy things， too.They can flood， or rise over
their banks， making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also
kill humans and wildlife.However， floods are not always bad.Some
ecosystems need them every once in a while.
　　Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For
example， a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned
rhinos.Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the
water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams， preventing the
river from flowing.Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea
and harm marine life.In addition， floodwaters can carry disease，
including hepatitis A and cholera.
　　However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring
new life to ecosystems.Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby
land.Over time， the water dries up and leaves behind particles （微粒）
of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment （沉淀物） which can
be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.Floods
are important to some animals as well.For instance， some animals see
floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on
river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals
in the water to eat.Moreover， in dry seasons， water might dry up， but
floods help refill the wetlands， keeping the ecosystem going.
　　Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the
environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。洪水作為大自然的一部分，對生態
系統既有壞處也有好處。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。洪水作為大自然的一部分，對生態
系統既有壞處也有好處。
5. What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in
Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. Become. B. Pollute.
C. Block. D. Develop.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt
from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及畫線詞后的
preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水會沿途吸收泥土，而太
多的泥土會堵塞河道，使河水無法流淌。由此可推測，畫線詞clog
意為“堵塞”，與block意思相近。
6. How do floods help ecosystems？（　　）
A. Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B. Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C. Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D. Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所
攜帶的營養物質可以使土壤更豐富，從而更好地改善生態系統。
7. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. The way in which floods feed animals.
B. The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C. An effective means of improving soil.
D. The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
解析：　段落大意題。根據第三段主旨句However， not
everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to
ecosystems.可知，第三段主要講的是洪水對生態系統的好處。
8. What’s the best title for this article？（　　）
A. Many Effects of Flooding
B. The Secret of Flooding
C. Floods： Everything Is So Bad
D. Floods： A Part of Nature
解析：　標題歸納題。文章前兩段主要講洪水對生態系統不利的
方面，第三段主要講洪水對生態系統的益處，最后一段總結全文，
點明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D項（洪水：大自然
的一部分）為文章最佳標題。
C
　　For many of the servicemen and women who’ve bravely served in
war zones， leaving the horrors of the battlefield behind isn’t as simple
as just hanging up their uniforms when they get home.
　　Post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） includes a wide range of
symptoms （癥狀）.When Tyler Skluzacek， son of military veteran
（老兵） Patrick Skluzacek saw his father’s life unravel as the result of
repeated disabling nightmares， he knew he had to do something about it.
　　In 2015， when Tyler， then a senior at Macalester College，
learned of an upcoming computer programming “hackathon” event in
Washington， DC focused on developing apps to help people like his
dad， he was determined to participate.
　　Tyler and his team came up with the “anti-night-terror” smartwatch
app’s model.The program identifies night-time disturbances by
monitoring the wearer’s heart rate and movements.Before the nightmare
can take hold， the app delivers a gentle intervention （similar to a
comforting touch） to reset the wearer’s sleep pattern.
　　Adjusting the correct vibration （振動） level for the watch proved
to be a challenge.It had to deliver “just enough stimulus （刺激） to pull
them out of the deep REM cycle and allow the sleep to continue
unaffected，” Tyler told NPR.
　　With his dad serving as a volunteer guinea pig， Tyler continued to
improve his creation until it was pretty much perfect.Once the problems
were worked out and the app was performing as intended， both father and
son were floored by the immediate difference it made in Patrick’s
life.“It was night and day when I put that watch on and it started
working，” Patrick said.The vibrations worked like “little miracles”.
　　Tyler， now a graduate student in computer science at the University
of Chicago， realized the potential for the “little miracles” he’d
created to help other PTSD sufferers.To put his life-changing app into
widespread distribution， he sold the rights to an investor.
　　The technology （marketed under the brand name NightWare）
should be accessible with a doctor’s recommendation — transforming
nightmares into sweeter dreams and bringing hard-earned rest to deserving
military veterans everywhere — in the near future.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。在校大學生發明了可以改善睡眠
質量的APP，來幫助PTSD患者。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。在校大學生發明了可以改善睡眠
質量的APP，來幫助PTSD患者。
9. What does the underlined word “unravel” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（　　）
A. Continue.
B. Collapse.
C. Take a different direction.
D. Become more complicated.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的as the result of repeated
disabling nightmares， he knew he had to do something about it以及下
文內容可知，Tyler的父親睡眠不好，這導致他的生活變得混亂、
崩潰。故畫線詞unravel與collapse意思相近。
10. How does the smartwatch app help its users？（　　）
A. By making them sleep well.
B. By driving them to exercise regularly.
C. By helping them forget terrible experiences.
D. By reporting their health conditions to doctors.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段第一句和最后一句以及第五
段中It ...allow the sleep to continue unaffected可知，smartwatch
app幫助使用者有一個好的睡眠。
11. What contribution did Patrick make when Tyler developed the app？
（　　）
A. Convincing other veterans to participate in the research.
B. Assisting in recording and analyzing research data.
C. Providing financial support.
D. Serving as a test subject.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第六段可知，在開發和測試這個應
用程序時，Patrick擔任了一個測試對象的角色。
12. What can we expect of Tyler’s invention in the future？（　　）
A. It’ll reach consumers soon.
B. It’ll be sold at a low price.
C. It’ll be donated to PTSD patients.
D. It’ll take the place of traditional watches.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段內容可知，Tyler發明的應
用技術將可以通過處方獲得，很快會被投入市場。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　A debris flow （泥石流） is a kind of destructive geological
disaster.July to August is the most frequent period of debris flows in
China.13.（　　）， it can increase the probability of survival in an
emergency.
　　Don’t overlook your surroundings while hiking.Pay attention to the
surrounding environment and pay special attention to whether you hear
thunder-like sound from the valley in the distance.If you hear it， you
should raise the alarm.14.（　　）.
　　Don’t panic and escape in the direction of a debris flow.When
meeting with a debris flow， stay calm.15.（　　）.If the path is
perpendicular （垂直的） to the direction of the debris flow， climb to
the hillside on both sides.The higher the better and the faster the better.It
is absolutely not allowed to go downstream of the debris flow.
　　16. （　　）.When travelling by car meeting a debris flow， you
should abandon the car and run away.If you hide in the car， it is easy to
be buried in the car.In that case， you are at great risk.
　　Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just
happened.Sometimes the debris flow will happen intermittently （間歇
地）.17.（　　）， you must be careful of another one on the
road.You’d better take another way to find a safe route.
A. Don’t try to stay in your car
B. It is likely to be a sign of a debris flow
C. Try to determine the safe path to escape
D. Don’t drive a car for a trip in the mountain
E. Stay calm and look at the map on your phone
F. If you know some emergency knowledge about a debris flow
G. If you are walking through the area where the debris flow just
happened
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。有時候我們可能會遇到泥石流，這
時候我們該怎么做呢？文章給出了一些建議。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。有時候我們可能會遇到泥石流，這
時候我們該怎么做呢？文章給出了一些建議。
13. F　根據空后的it can increase the probability of survival in an
emergency及下文的敘述可知，F項（如果你了解一些緊急應對泥石流
的知識）符合語境。
14. B　空前兩句介紹，如果聽見像雷的聲音要提高警惕。B項（那很
可能是泥石流即將到來的跡象）解釋要提高警惕的原因，符合語境。
B項中的It指代上文的thunder-like sound。
15. C　根據空后內容可知，此處是介紹遭遇泥石流時的逃跑路徑。C
項（盡可能確定安全的逃生路徑）引起下文，符合語境。
16. A　根據空后內容，尤其是you should abandon the car and run
away.If you hide in the car， it is easy to be buried in the car.可知，A項
（不要試圖待在車里）適合作為本段的中心句。
17. G　根據本段首句Don’t think it’s safer in the area where
the debris flow just happened.及后半句you must be careful of
another one on the road可知，G項（如果你正走過剛剛發生泥石流
的地區）符合語境。
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