資源簡(jiǎn)介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
維度一：品句填詞
根據(jù)所給單詞的首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示，寫(xiě)出單詞的正確形式。
1.He has returned to South Africa from his long o　　　　　　 trip.
2.The old ginkgo tree has survived for m　　　　　　 of years.
3.We divide into pairs and each pair takes a r　　　　　　.
4.Many of the hairpins are different v　　　　　　 of plastic flowers.
5.The storm caused some 　　　　　　（損壞） to some houses， but they were not destroyed.
6.As is known to all， humans take in 　　　　　　（氧氣） and breathe out carbon dioxide.
7.Now that you have 　　　　　　（大量） of work to do， you don’t have to help me with the housework.
8.The rare mountain grass is said to be in danger of 　　　　　　（滅絕） in the near future.
9.The young singer remains a 　　　　　　（出色的） figure in rock and roll.
10.A good way to protect 　　　　　　（物種）is to let them go back to forests and live freely.
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1.The polluted water from the factory is， of course， 　　　　　　（harm）.
2.The local government has taken measures to prevent the rare animals from 　　　　　　（extinct）.
3.He died six weeks later of a 　　　　　　（mass） heart attack.
4.The Garden’s menu is based on Hawaiian 　　　　　　（region） cuisine.
5.The police are investigating the 　　　　　　（disappear） of key files on the killers.
6.This country is a traditional 　　　　　　（agriculture）society， with a majority of farming population.
7.Nature mainly refers to 　　　　　　（live）things， including plants and animals in the wild.
8.At that time， people were divided geographically， leading to 　　　　　　（vary） of dialects and characters.
9.My bedroom is four meters in 　　　　　　（long） and three meters in width.
10.The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no 　　　　　　（survive）.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及括號(hào)內(nèi)提示完成下列句子。
1.由于有很多家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩只好一整天都待在家里。（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， the little boy had to stay at home all day.
2.這種塑料很難在短時(shí)間內(nèi)分解。（break down）
This kind of plastic 　　　　　　　　　　　　in a short time.
3.他把地址弄錯(cuò)了，為此他向我們道歉。（“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）
He got the address wrong， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.山腳下坐落著一個(gè)小村莊。（完全倒裝句）
At the foot of the mountain 　　　　　　　　　　.
5.盡管學(xué)生們來(lái)自不同的國(guó)家，但是他們?cè)谙牧顮I(yíng)相處得非常好。（while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they got on quite well in the summer camp.
6.在過(guò)去的五到十年里，這些住宿加早餐的地方在一些地方很受歡迎。 （“介詞＋the past/last＋時(shí)間段”與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， these bed-and-breakfast places 　　　　　　　　　popular in some places.
維度四：課文語(yǔ)法填空
閱讀課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
　　Covering more than half 1.　　　　　　 size of China， the Amazon rainforest， whose name 2.　　　　　　 （get） from the Amazon River， plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.3.　　　　　　 the richest biodiversity on the Earth， the Amazon rainforest’s different levels are home to various living things， 4.　　　　　　 （provide） food and shelter for an unbelievable variety of wildlife.There are more than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals 5.　　　　　　 （live） in this forest.This jaguar is one example.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break 6.　　　　　　 its body and return the 7.　　　　　　 （nutrient） to the earth.Though 8.　　　　　　 （know） as the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”， much of the Amazon rainforest is in danger of 9.　　　　　　　　 （disappear） and more species are dying out.We cannot afford 10.　　　　　　　　 （damage） the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Douglas Thron’s love for animals began when he was a little kid.After he grew up， Thron worked as a photographer for shows like Discovery Channel’s Shark Week， filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.But Thron says it was the Paradise fire in California in 2018 that pushed him to do animal rescue work.
　　At the time， Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after the fire using a special camera.The camera uses heat to look for the animals at night.Thron and the man talked about how wonderful it would be to put one on a drone （無(wú)人機(jī)） to search for animals more easily.He explains that flying a drone over a big disaster gives you a real feel for how serious the disaster is.He adds， “You definitely get inspired to drop everything to help as much as possible.The feeling I get when I rescue an animal is an unbelievable feeling， so it just keeps me going.”
　　The first animal Thron ever rescued was a dog after a hurricane happened， which destroyed hundreds of houses.Thron tested out flying a drone and found the dog in the middle of where hundreds of houses had been destroyed.“I flew the drone over and I found him.Nobody claimed him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog，” he says.
　　Thron adds that he’s been going non-stop since then.His TV show Doug to the Rescue shows some of his heart-warming animal rescues， including those after Hurricane Laura in Louisiana in 2020 and after fires in Northern California and Oregon.Thron also helped rescue koalas after the horrible fires ravaged parts of Australia and burned down a number of houses in 2020， using drones for the first time there to help locate so many animals.
1.Why did Douglas Thron film the great white sharks before 2018？（　　）
A.He wanted to protect them. B.They were his favourite animals.
C.It was part of his work. D.He did so to get close to nature.
2.What is the key to finding an animal at night by using the special camera？（　　）
A.The animal’s size.
B.The animal’s loud noise.
C.The animal’s living habit.
D.The animal’s body temperature.
3.What can we know about the first animal that Douglas Thron ever rescued？（　　）
A.It’s now living with Thron.
B.It was claimed after being found.
C.Thron found it through its barks in ruins.
D.It’s helping Thron find other trapped animals.
4.What does the underlined word “ravaged” in the last paragraph probably mean？（　　）
A.Protected. B.Destroyed.
C.Changed. D.Improved.
B
　　In the past 30 years， the non-profit organization Friends of Trees planted trees along the streets of Portland， Oregon.Now， a new study shows that each tree planted is connected with great reductions in non-accidental and cardiovascular （心血管的） death.
　　Evidence pointing to a connection between exposure to nature and less death is obvious.Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.The research team looked at the number of trees planted in a given area in the past 5， 10 or 15 years.They connected this information with death due to cardiovascular， respiratory （呼吸的） or non-accidental causes in that same area， using data from the Oregon Health Authority.The results showed that in neighbourhoods in which more trees had been planted， death rates were lower.This negative connection was significant for cardiovascular and non-accidental death rates， particularly for males and people over the age of 65.
　　Furthermore， the connection got stronger as trees aged and grew： The reduction in death rates connected with trees planted 11－15 years before was double that observed with trees planted in the past 1－5 years.This means that older trees are connected with larger decreases in death and that protecting existing grown trees may be particularly important for public health.
　　This study doesn’t provide a direct opinion about how trees improve health.However， the finding that large trees have a greater health effect than smaller ones is obvious， because larger trees are better at absorbing air pollution， adjusting temperatures， and reducing noise.
　　“We observed the effect both in green and less green neighbourhoods， which suggests street tree planting benefits both，” says Geoffrey H.Donovan， first author of the study.“Besides， the benefits of tree planting is greatly more valuable than the cost.Our results provide important evidence for clear interventions （e.g.planting trees） to increase the lifetime of urban people，” adds Donovan.
5.How long did Friends of Trees spend planting 49，246 street trees？（　　）
A.About 5 years. B.About 10 years.
C.About 15 years. D.About 30 years.
6.What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A.Women gain no benefit from trees.
B.Trees can improve health in various ways.
C.Older trees contribute more to public health.
D.Trees grow well in green and less green communities.
7.What does Donovan mean in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.We should get close to nature.
B.We should protect older trees.
C.We should plant more street trees.
D.We should join the Friends of Trees.
8.How does the author mainly develop the topic of the text？（　　）
A.By listing numbers.
B.By stating results.
C.By describing processes.
D.By making comparisons.
C
　　On 1 April 2021， 24-year-old Jibin Madhu packed a bag with a few clothes and other necessities and left his home in search of a job.But he was certain that a full-time job would never work for him as he wanted to explore new things.So， he decided to spend many days at different destinations， work somewhere for not more than a month， earn money and travel to another place.
　　“For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.Nearby hills， rivers and tourist places were the destinations at first，” says Jibin， a hotel management graduate.“But when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was always my dream.”
　　When finding jobs at different locations became a task and his wallet felt lighter， Jibin decided to start a food stall （攤位） on his bike.He had a kerosene stove （煤油爐） and a few utensils （器具） along with some rice.He bought some more things to serve noodles， bread and tea to travellers on his way.The kitchen was set up on the bike’s top box where water and kerosene were stored.Everything felt simple as he had previous experience in a kitchen.
　　In some areas， there were hardly any food stalls.Jibin began his business in these places and it was an immediate success.He earned 500－600 rupees per day from his two-wheeler food stall.
　　“More than the income from the stall， it was due to the kindness of people that I set out on my dream journey.While some offered me work， others provided me with a space to sleep.A man from Assam even gifted me a tent， as mine was broken in the middle，” he says.
　　While usual riders cover hundreds of kilometres a day， Jibin finds a destination and stays there for a few days getting to know its people and culture.This also helps him find small jobs too.
　　Jibin has plans to visit foreign countries on his two-wheeler.He is preparing himself and his bike for this big journey now.“Whatever happens， I’ll have my kerosene stove and utensils ready， which gives me the confidence of reaching my destination，” he says.
9.What might Jibin have been interested in at 24？（　　）
A.Having a cool bike. B.Finding a full-time job.
C.Making a cross-country journey. D.Graduating in hotel management.
10.What can we learn about Jibin’s food stall？（　　）
A.It had little competition. B.It sold packaged food.
C.It was set up for locals. D.It made no money at first.
11.What really impressed Jibin？（　　）
A.The challenges he met. B.The views along the way.
C.The friendliness of strangers. D.The food from different places.
12.What is the difference between Jibin and usual riders？（　　）
A.He makes no preparations before a ride.
B.He prefers experiencing local customs.
C.He changes destinations halfway through.
D.He likes riding without stops for a long time.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Stop Bagging Leaves！
　　Many animals depend on fallen leaves to survive.Although not directly related to leaves， a study shows North America has already lost 3 billion birds since 1970.13.（　　） Bagging leaves may cause birds to die.
　　Fallen leaves are nature’s way of renewing itself.14.（　　） Without the nutrients from decomposing （腐爛的） leaves， the grass in your garden requires chemical fertilizer （肥料）， which will run off into water sources and harm the environment.
　　When leaves are blown into the street， they flow down drains （下水道） and into rivers and streams.These water sources become blocked， and eventually， back up into streets.It will influence water quality in rivers and streams.15.（　　）
　　When leaves are bagged and sent to the landfill （廢物填埋場(chǎng)）， they produce a greenhouse gas called methane （甲烷）， which will worsen the climate change problem.It’s important to note， however， that bagging leaves is not the problem — it’s what we do with the leaves that make the difference.
　　16.（　　） Cut the leaves into smaller pieces， allowing them to break down faster.Mix them into garden beds.If leaves are allowed to decompose and return to the soil， it can reduce the need for chemical fertilizer.
　　Try to practice environmentally friendly habits.Just by not bagging leaves， we can protect the natural habitats of lots of animals.17.（　　）
A.You may forget to bag them.
B.Birds feed on insects that live in fallen leaves.
C.It will also harm animals that depend on the water sources.
D.It won’t allow sunlight to reach the ground， and the grass will die.
E.And it will cut down on all that time spent filling and pulling bags！
F.Leaves provide nutrients that enrich the soil for growing plants in spring.
G.Experts have suggested some ways to maintain your yard， without bagging leaves.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)
維度一
1.overseas　2.millions　3.region　4.varieties　5.damage　6.oxygen　7.masses　8.extinction　9.towering　10.species
維度二
1.harmful　2.extinction　3.massive　4.regional
5.disappearance　6.agricultural　7.living　8.varieties
9.length　10.survivors
維度三
1.Lots of homework to do
2.is difficult to break down
3.for which he apologised to us
4.lies a small village
5.While the students came from different countries
6.In the past five to ten years； have become
維度四
1.the　2.is got　3.With 　4.providing　5.living　6.down
7.nutrients　8.known　9.disappearance/disappearing
10.to damage
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。道格拉斯·索恩從小就熱愛(ài)動(dòng)物，長(zhǎng)大后，他開(kāi)始從事動(dòng)物救援工作。
1.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中After he grew up ...filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.可知，當(dāng)時(shí)拍攝大白鯊是道格拉斯·索恩工作的一部分。
2.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中The camera uses heat to look for the animals at night.可知，在晚上的時(shí)候，使用特殊的攝像機(jī)尋找動(dòng)物靠的是它們散發(fā)出來(lái)的熱量，所以動(dòng)物的體溫是夜晚救援工作的關(guān)鍵。
3.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Nobody claimed him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog可知，索恩收養(yǎng)了他救助的第一只狗。由此推斷，他們現(xiàn)在生活在一起。
4.B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后的burned down a number of houses可推斷，應(yīng)是可怕的大火摧毀了澳大利亞部分地區(qū)，ravage意為“毀壞，破壞”，與destroy的意思最接近。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在過(guò)去的三十年間，一個(gè)名為Friends of Trees的公益性組織種植了大量的行道樹(shù)。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，行道樹(shù)與降低死亡率有關(guān)。
5.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.可知，F(xiàn)riends of Trees花了大約30年的時(shí)間種植了49246棵行道樹(shù)。
6.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句和第四段第二句可知，樹(shù)齡較長(zhǎng)的樹(shù)木對(duì)公眾健康的貢獻(xiàn)更大。
7.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段多諾萬(wàn)所說(shuō)的話可知，種行道樹(shù)成了延長(zhǎng)城市居民壽命的有效方法，所以多諾萬(wàn)提倡種更多的行道樹(shù)。
8.B　推理判斷題。文章第一段介紹一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，每種植一棵樹(shù)，就能大大減少非意外死亡和因心血管疾病死亡的人數(shù)；結(jié)合第二段第一句、第三段第一句和第四段內(nèi)容可推知，作者主要是通過(guò)陳述研究結(jié)果來(lái)展開(kāi)文章主題的。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了青年Jibin騎車環(huán)游印度的故事。
9.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，Jibin在24歲時(shí)決定邊工作邊旅行，結(jié)合第二段中的For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.和when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was always my dream可知，他在24歲時(shí)最可能對(duì)環(huán)游全國(guó)感興趣。be into sth對(duì)某事物很有興趣，非常喜歡某事物。
10.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，在一些地區(qū)，幾乎沒(méi)有食品攤，即Jibin幾乎沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，因此他的生意立即取得了成功。本段中的rupee是印度的貨幣單位“盧比”。
11.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Jibin所說(shuō)的話可知，雖然食品攤的收入還可以，但更重要的是人們的友善才使得他踏上了夢(mèng)想之旅。由此可推知，沿途陌生人的友善給他留下了深刻的印象。
12.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知，通常的騎手每天要騎行幾百公里，而Jibin找到一個(gè)目的地，就在那里待上幾天，了解那里的人和文化，即Jibin更喜歡感受各地的風(fēng)俗而不是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間騎車。
Ⅱ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。落葉是大自然自我更新的方式，為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，請(qǐng)不要隨意把院子里的落葉裝進(jìn)袋子。
13.B　上文提到許多動(dòng)物依靠落葉生存，下文提到把落葉裝進(jìn)袋子的行為可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致鳥(niǎo)類死亡，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該與鳥(niǎo)類生存和落葉之間的關(guān)系有關(guān)。B項(xiàng)（鳥(niǎo)類以生活在落葉中的昆蟲(chóng)為食）與下文內(nèi)容形成因果關(guān)系。bag此處作動(dòng)詞，意為“把……裝進(jìn)袋子”。
14.F　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，設(shè)空處起承上啟下作用，既解釋落葉如何讓大自然進(jìn)行自我更新，又引出下文提到的沒(méi)有落葉的后果。F項(xiàng)（落葉為春天生長(zhǎng)的植物所需的土壤提供了養(yǎng)分）中的nutrients與下文中的nutrients為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
15.C　上文提到落葉會(huì)堵塞河流，影響水源的水質(zhì)，C項(xiàng)與上句It will influence water quality in rivers and streams.形成并列關(guān)系，解釋了落葉帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，其中water sources呼應(yīng)上文中的rivers and streams，It與上句中的It均指代上文提到的“水源被堵塞最終回流到街道”這一情況。
16.G　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為把落葉裝進(jìn)袋子并不是問(wèn)題，重要的是我們?nèi)绾翁幚砺淙~；下文提到處理落葉的方法：切碎樹(shù)葉讓其快速分解、把樹(shù)葉混入到花圃中。由此推斷，本段旨在介紹不把落葉裝進(jìn)袋子也可以維持花園干凈的方法，G項(xiàng)中的bagging leaves呼應(yīng)上文中的bagging leaves。
17.E　作者在本段呼吁大家養(yǎng)成環(huán)保的習(xí)慣，并指出不把落葉裝進(jìn)袋子帶來(lái)的好處。E項(xiàng)與上文中的protect the natural habitats of lots of animals形成并列關(guān)系，其中的bags呼應(yīng)上文中的bagging。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure
　　[1]Welcome to the jungle， a huge sea of① green alive with② the sounds of animals.This is the Amazon rainforest.[2]As the largest rainforest in the world， it plays a significant role in③ maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem④.
　　[1]句中a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是名詞the jungle的同位語(yǔ)。
　　[2]動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。
　　[3]The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries， including Brazil and Peru， and one overseas region⑤ of France， all on the South American continent⑥.[4]With an area of around 6 million⑦ square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.[5]The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑧— roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean， the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity⑨ on the Earth： one in ten known species⑩ in the world can be found here.
　　[3]句中all on the South American continent是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)），在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
　　[4]句中With an area of around 6 million square kilometres是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)；more than half the size of China 是倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“倍數(shù)＋the size of＋被比較的對(duì)象”。
　　[5]“介詞（from）＋which”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which指代先行詞The Amazon River。
　　[6]Of the 390，000 plant species known to us， more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat； these water lilies are big enough to lie down on.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife .At the bottom， there is a system of roots beneath the ground.[7]Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods ， and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world， home to different kinds of living things.
　　[6]句中known to us為動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)the 390，000 plant species。
　　[7]本句是完全倒裝句。表示地點(diǎn)、方位的介詞短語(yǔ)Above that置于句首，句子用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
　　More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.[8]While a significant number of jaguars survive here， they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.They feed on at least 87 species， including frogs.These frogs ， in turn ， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
　　The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen .Thus， it is often known as the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”.Moreover， the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals： us.[9]Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.[10]As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”？
　　[8]While引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然，盡管”。
　　[9]本句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為Over the past 50 years，是“over/in/during/for＋the past/last＋時(shí)間段”結(jié)構(gòu)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
　　[10]句中As意為“隨著”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
【讀文清障】
①a （huge） sea of 大量的，大片的
②（be） alive with 充滿，到處都是（活的或動(dòng)的東西）
③play a significant role in 在……方面起著重要作用
④ecosystem n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
　[助記](méi) 前綴eco- （生態(tài)的，環(huán)境的）＋system （系統(tǒng)）→ecosystem
　ecology n.生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)
　ecotourism n.生態(tài)旅游
　eco-friendly adj.環(huán)保的
⑤overseas region 海外地區(qū)
　overseas adj.海外的，國(guó)外的
　adv.在海外，向國(guó)外
　region n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域；行政區(qū)
⑥continent n.大陸，陸地，洲
⑦million num.一百萬(wàn)；許多，大量
　millions of 數(shù)百萬(wàn)的
　billion num.十億；數(shù)以十億計(jì)
　billions of 數(shù)以十億計(jì)的；數(shù)十億；幾十億
⑧l(xiāng)ength n.長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)度；時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短；篇幅，（電影）片長(zhǎng)
　in length 在長(zhǎng)度上
⑨biodiversity n.生物多樣性
　[助記](méi) 前綴bio- （生物的）＋diversity （多樣性）→biodiversity
　biology n.生物學(xué)
　biologist n.生物學(xué)家
⑩species n.（pl.species） 種，物種
nut n.堅(jiān)果
　brazil nut 巴西堅(jiān)果
lily n.百合（花）
　water lily 睡蓮
variety n.不同種類；變化，多樣性；變種，變體
　various adj.各種不同的，各種各樣的
　a variety of 各種各樣的
wildlife n.野生動(dòng)植物，野生生物
beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
mass n.大量；團(tuán)，塊，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，廣泛的
　masses of 大量的，許多的
towering adj.高大的，高聳的；出色的
　tower n.塔 v.高于，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)；高聳于；勝過(guò)
hardwood n.闊葉樹(shù)；硬材（闊葉樹(shù)的木材）
living adj.活著的，活的；在使用的 n.生計(jì)，謀生；生活方式
　living things 生物
mammal n.哺乳動(dòng)物
jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎
survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于難
frog n.蛙，青蛙
in turn 相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而；依次，輪流
　by turns 時(shí)而
microorganism n.微生物
　a tiny army of microorganisms 一小支微生物軍隊(duì)
break down 使分解（為），使變化（成）
　break up 打碎；垮掉；解散；結(jié)束；期終放假
nutrient n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)素，營(yíng)養(yǎng)物
breathe life into 給……帶來(lái)起色，注入活力
　breathe in and breathe out 吸氣和呼氣
carbon n.碳
　carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
oxygen n.氧，氧氣
　take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide　吸入氧，呼出二氧化碳
irreplaceable adj.不能替代的
disappear vi.不復(fù)存在，滅絕，消亡；消失；失蹤
　disappearance n.消失；不見(jiàn)
　[反義]appear vi.出現(xiàn)→appearance n.出現(xiàn)
due to 由于，因?yàn)?br/>　[同義]because of、 thanks to、 owing to、 as a result of、 on account of、 in consequence of/as a consequence of
agriculture n.農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)學(xué)
　agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的，農(nóng)學(xué)的
cattle n.牛
　cattle farming 養(yǎng)牛
impact n.影響，作用；撞擊，沖撞
　vi.& vt.有影響；沖擊
　have an impact/influence/effect on　對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響
extinction n.滅絕，絕種
　extinct adj.已滅絕的，絕種的；廢除了的
　in danger of extinction 處于滅絕的危險(xiǎn)之中
damage vt.& n.損害，傷害，損壞，破壞
　cause/do damage to 對(duì)……造成損害
【參考譯文】
亞馬孫雨林：大自然的寶藏
　　歡迎來(lái)到這片叢林，這是一片綠色的海洋，到處都可以聽(tīng)到動(dòng)物發(fā)出的聲音。這里是亞馬孫雨林。作為世界上最大的雨林，它在維系地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的微妙平衡上扮演著舉足輕重的角色。
　　亞馬孫雨林穿過(guò)包括巴西、秘魯在內(nèi)的八個(gè)國(guó)家，以及一塊法國(guó)的海外領(lǐng)地，都位于南美洲大陸。亞馬孫雨林的面積約為600萬(wàn)平方千米，比中國(guó)國(guó)土面積的一半還要大。亞馬孫雨林得名于亞馬孫河，亞馬孫河長(zhǎng)接近6400千米，比長(zhǎng)江還長(zhǎng)約100千米。這條河從高山流向海洋，沿途維系著多種不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。它們賦予這片區(qū)域地球上最豐富的生物多樣性：全世界十分之一的已知物種，都可以在這里找到。
　　在人類已知的390000種植物物種中，在亞馬孫可以找到40000多種。這棵高大、古老的巴西堅(jiān)果樹(shù)結(jié)出的堅(jiān)果我們可以食用：這些睡蓮（葉片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同層次使種類多到難以置信的野生動(dòng)植物得以生存。在底部，有一個(gè)地表下的根系。往上是陰暗森林地表厚實(shí)的落葉層。再往上一層由低矮的闊葉植物組成。然后是高聳、古老的闊葉樹(shù)，最后是那些離地?cái)?shù)米之高的大樹(shù)的樹(shù)冠。雨林的每一層都形成了自己的小世界，成為各種生物的家園。
　　1300多種鳥(niǎo)和400多種哺乳動(dòng)物藏身于這片叢林的植被中。這只美洲豹就是個(gè)例子。它黃棕色的皮毛上遍布著黑點(diǎn)。盡管相當(dāng)多的美洲豹在這里生存，但它們只是這個(gè)雨林食物鏈上的一個(gè)要素。它們捕食的物種至少有87種，其中包括青蛙。相應(yīng)地，這些青蛙以昆蟲(chóng)為食，而昆蟲(chóng)則吃樹(shù)葉和水果。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物軍隊(duì)會(huì)助力其尸體的分解，讓營(yíng)養(yǎng)素重回土壤之中。
　　亞馬孫雨林通過(guò)固定碳，并產(chǎn)生超過(guò)全球總量20%的氧氣，使得地球生生不息。因此，它也常常被稱作“地球之肺”。此外，亞馬孫雨林還是食用物種和藥用物種的寶庫(kù)。然而，這些無(wú)可取代的動(dòng)植物面臨的一個(gè)主要威脅就是：我們。在過(guò)去的50年里，由于農(nóng)耕和養(yǎng)牛等人類活動(dòng)，約17%的雨林已經(jīng)消失了。隨著人類活動(dòng)的影響不斷增加，瀕危物種的名單越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，這就留給我們一個(gè)問(wèn)題：我們能承擔(dān)得起損害“地球之肺”的后果嗎？
第一步：析架構(gòu)，理文本脈絡(luò)
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達(dá)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Which of the following statements about the Amazon rainforest is TRUE according to the passage？（　　）
A.The Amazon rainforest plays an important part in keeping the balance of human and nature.
B.The Amazon rainforest crosses into seven countries， including Brazil and Peru.
C.The area of the Amazon rainforest is around 6 million square metres，more than half the size of China.
D.The Amazon rainforest is named after the Amazon River，which is close to 6，400 kilometres in length.
2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph in the passage？（　　）
A.There are only 390，000 species of plants on the Earth.
B.Different species of plants in Amazon rainforest grow in different levels.
C.At the bottom of the Amazon rainforest grow some bushes.
D.The ancient brazil nut trees and the water lilies are living in the same level.
3.The author uses the example of “jaguars” in Paragraph 4 　　　　.（　　）
A.to prove that some rare animals are still found in the rainforest
B.to show that they are only one element of this rainforest’s food chain
C.to explain how the food chain is formed
D.to warn readers to protect the animals from being damaged in the rainforest
4.Why is the Amazon rainforest known as the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”？（　　）
A.Because it looks like a lung.
B.Because there are many species of plants and animals there.
C.Because it fixes carbon and produces over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.
D.Because the Amazon rainforest will disappear.
5.Which is the major danger to wildlife species in the Amazon rainforest？（　　）
A.Agriculture.
B.Cattle farming.
C.Human activities.
D.Carbon and oxygen.
6.What’s the style of the passage？（　　）
A.An advertisement.
B.A travel journal.
C.An experiment report.
D.A documentary script.
第三步：通詞句，學(xué)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)
1.詞匯學(xué)習(xí)——循規(guī)律，記單詞
這篇課文中出現(xiàn)了一些帶有否定前綴的詞匯，請(qǐng)找出它們，并自己再寫(xiě)出一些。
Prefixes Words
dis-
un-
in-/im-/il-/ir-
non-
2.美文欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
課文The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure的語(yǔ)篇類型是紀(jì)錄片腳本。紀(jì)錄片腳本的語(yǔ)言作為電視語(yǔ)言中的一種，有其獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格。
（1）從人稱和語(yǔ)氣的角度看：作者大量使用第三人稱，力求展現(xiàn)出真實(shí)的亞馬孫雨林。但也少量使用了第一人稱來(lái)拉近和讀者的距離，引發(fā)讀者共鳴。多使用陳述語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)也會(huì)使用疑問(wèn)句，但其作用與其說(shuō)是向讀者提問(wèn)，不如說(shuō)是在引發(fā)讀者的思考。例如，文章最后一段中的句子 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
（2）從語(yǔ)體風(fēng)格來(lái)看：本文是闡釋型紀(jì)錄片，本質(zhì)上屬于說(shuō)明文，內(nèi)容科學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、語(yǔ)言嚴(yán)密準(zhǔn)確。例如，第二段中的句子　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，作者使用了列數(shù)字和作比較的說(shuō)明方法，幫助讀者對(duì)亞馬孫雨林的面積留下具體而鮮明的印象。另一方面，該腳本也借用了一些修辭手法來(lái)使其語(yǔ)言形象貼切，提升藝術(shù)感染力。例如，最后一段中的句子　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，作者把亞馬孫雨林比作“地球之肺”，使其重要性躍然紙上。
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
harm n.& vt.傷害，損害
【教材原句】　The human race has done much harm.人類已經(jīng)造成了很多傷害。
【用法】
（1）do/cause sb/sth harm＝do/cause harm to sb/sth　　　 對(duì)某人/某物造成危害/有害 there is no harm in doing sth＝it does no harm to do sth 做某事并無(wú)害處；不妨做某事 （2）harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to ... 對(duì)……有害 （3）harmless adj. 無(wú)害的 be harmless to ... 對(duì)……無(wú)害
【佳句】　While the Sun’s rays can age and be harmful to our skin， they also give us beneficial vitamin D.
雖然太陽(yáng)光線會(huì)使皮膚老化，對(duì)皮膚有害，但它們也給我們提供有益的維生素D。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①There is no harm in 　　　　　　（live） in that region for a long time.
②Staring at the screen is 　　　　　　（harm） to our eyes.
【寫(xiě)美】　一句多譯
③有些男孩對(duì)玩電腦游戲太癡迷，這對(duì)他們的健康非常有害。
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（harm，定語(yǔ)從句）
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（harm，分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）
variety n.不同種類；變化，多樣性；變種，變體
【教材原句】　The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同層次使種類多到難以置信的野生動(dòng)植物得以生存。
【用法】
（1）a variety of＝varieties of 各種各樣的；不同種類的 （2）vary v. 變化；使多樣化 vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等；在……和……之間變動(dòng) vary with ... 隨……而變動(dòng) vary in ... 在……方面不同/變化 （3）various adj. 各種不同的；各種各樣的
【佳句】　Throughout the event， I was struck by an incredible variety of plants that exist in the world.在整個(gè)活動(dòng)過(guò)程中，我被世界上存在的各種各樣的植物所震撼。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Opinions on this matter vary 　　　　　　person to person.
②They discussed 　　　　　　（vary） matters all over the world.
③As the world’s first national park， Yellowstone is famous for the 　　　　　　（vary） of its wildlife.
【寫(xiě)美】　詞匯升級(jí)
④Our team， apart from regular training， will join in various activities.
→Our team， apart from regular training， will join in 　　　　　　　　　　　　activities.
in turn 相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而；依次，輪流
【教材原句】　These frogs， in turn， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
相應(yīng)地，這些青蛙以昆蟲(chóng)為食，而昆蟲(chóng)則吃樹(shù)葉和水果。
【用法】
（1）in one’s turn 　接著；輪到某人 by turns 輪流；交替地（多用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)某一時(shí)期反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作） it’s one’s turn to do sth 輪到某人做某事了 （2）take turns to do/in doing sth 　輪流做某事 （3）It turns/turned out that ... 結(jié)果……
【佳句】　Don’t be afraid of difficulties.They can help you accumulate experience， and experience can， in turn， broaden your horizons.不要害怕困難。困難可以幫助你積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)轉(zhuǎn)而又可以開(kāi)闊你的視野。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①They had to take turns 　　　　　　（look） after the patients.
②The two daughters looked after their sick mother 　　　　　　turns.
③I think it’s my turn 　　　　　　（drive） the kids to school this week.
④Now that we have finished the design， it is 　　　　　　their turn to construct.
【寫(xiě)美】　翻譯句子
⑤當(dāng)輪到我時(shí)，我激動(dòng)得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
break down 使分解（為），使變化（成）；出故障；垮掉；失敗，破壞
【教材原句】　When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
美洲豹死后，一小支微生物軍隊(duì)會(huì)助力其尸體的分解，讓營(yíng)養(yǎng)素重回土壤之中。
【用法】
break in　　　　 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；打斷（談話），插嘴 break into 闖入，破門(mén)而入 break out （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病等）爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生 break up 解散；結(jié)束；期終放假；破碎 break through 突破；沖破；克服，戰(zhàn)勝 break away （from） 逃脫；脫離
【佳句】　To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts.
為了明白句子的語(yǔ)法，你必須把它分解成（幾個(gè)）部分。
【練透】　用break的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①The business negotiation between the two sides 　　　　　　with no agreement reached.
②It is bad manners to 　　　　　　when people are having conversation.
③I was still sleeping when the fire 　　　　　　　　， and then it spread quickly.
④The little dog wanted to 　　　　　　its master but failed.
【寫(xiě)美】　翻譯句子
⑤如果你繼續(xù)像那樣工作的話，遲早會(huì)累垮的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
due to 由于，因?yàn)椋ㄖ荒茏鞅碚Z(yǔ)）
【教材原句】　Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在過(guò)去的50年里，由于農(nóng)耕和養(yǎng)牛等人類活動(dòng)，約17%的雨林已經(jīng)消失了。
【用法】
（1）due adj.　　　 由于，因?yàn)椋粦?yīng)付的，應(yīng)得的；適當(dāng)?shù)模活A(yù)期的，到期的 be due to do sth 預(yù)期/預(yù)定要做某事 be due to sb 應(yīng)付給/應(yīng)給予/應(yīng)歸于某人 （2）表示“由于”的詞組還有： because of 因?yàn)椋ㄖ荒茏鳡钫Z(yǔ)） thanks to 因?yàn)椋恍姨潱ㄖ荒茏鳡钫Z(yǔ)） owing to 因?yàn)椋捎冢瓤勺鳡钫Z(yǔ)，也可作表語(yǔ)）
【佳句】　In the beginning， it was quite difficult for me to read the musical notes due to my poor memory.
剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，由于我記憶力不好，我很難讀懂音符。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①Have they been paid the money that is due 　　　　　　them？
②The professor is due 　　　　　　（make） a speech this Friday.
③He had intended to return today， but he postponed the journey 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.他本打算今天返回，但由于糟糕的天氣，他延遲了旅程。
【寫(xiě)美】　翻譯句子
④公共汽車本應(yīng)下午五點(diǎn)到達(dá)的，但由于大霧，它晚了一個(gè)小時(shí)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
damage vt.& n.損害，傷害，損壞，破壞
【教材原句】　As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”？隨著人類活動(dòng)的影響不斷增加，瀕危物種的名單越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，這就留給我們一個(gè)問(wèn)題：我們能承擔(dān)得起損害“地球之肺”的后果嗎？
【用法】
（1）be badly/seriously damaged 　　嚴(yán)重受損 be slightly damaged 輕微受損 （2）do/cause （great） damage to ...對(duì)……造成（很大的）損害 damage sb’s reputation/health 損害某人的名譽(yù)/健康 suffer damage 遭受損傷
【佳句】　The fire lasted over three weeks， causing a damage of at least twenty million dollars.大火持續(xù)了三個(gè)多星期，造成至少兩千萬(wàn)美元的損失。
【點(diǎn)津】　damage 指部分性“損壞，破壞”，一般可以修復(fù)；而destroy指徹底地“破壞，毀壞”，一般不能或很難修復(fù)。
【練透】　完成句子
①I(mǎi) have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我有一種強(qiáng)烈的恐懼：我們正在說(shuō)的謊言會(huì)對(duì)我們的孩子造成傷害。
②Many people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the earthquake.
許多人的房子在地震中遭受損壞。
③My mother is right： 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for a slim and attractive figure.
我媽媽說(shuō)得對(duì)：不要為了苗條動(dòng)人的身材而毀了自己的健康。
【寫(xiě)美】　翻譯句子
④他不會(huì)做任何有可能損害她名譽(yù)的事情。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅱ　重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法
【教材原句】　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亞馬孫雨林的面積約為600萬(wàn)平方千米，比中國(guó)國(guó)土面積的一半還要大。
【用法】
句中more than half the size of ...意為“比……一半還要大”，是一種倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。 （1）倍數(shù)表達(dá)法的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)： A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋ （2）此句型中倍數(shù)也可以用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、half等其他程度狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)；表示“兩倍”時(shí)用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞＋times”表達(dá)。
【品悟】　This river is three times the length of that one.
這條河是那條河的三倍長(zhǎng)。
The people present at the meeting today are twice/double than those of last time.
今天到會(huì)的人員比上次多兩倍。
【寫(xiě)美】　完成句子/一句多譯
①This bridge is 　　　　　　　　　　　　that one.這座橋的寬度是那座橋的五倍。
②The red ruler is 　　　　　　　　　　　　the yellow one.
紅色的尺子比黃色的長(zhǎng)四倍。
③My school has expanded into a big one， which is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.我的學(xué)校已經(jīng)擴(kuò)建成了一所大學(xué)校，是以前的三倍大。
④The length of the road is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
這條路的長(zhǎng)度是三年前的兩倍。
⑤正在建的新體育館將是操場(chǎng)的兩倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　the playground.（as）
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　the playground.（size）
句型公式：“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
【教材原句】　The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亞馬孫雨林得名于亞馬孫河，亞馬孫河長(zhǎng)接近6400千米，比長(zhǎng)江還長(zhǎng)約100千米。
【用法】
（1）“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which，修飾人時(shí)用whom，在從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)用whose。 （2）“介詞＋which/whom”既可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。介詞的確定要遵循以下原則： ①根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞等的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定； ②根據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體意義來(lái)確定； ③根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定； ④表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，通常用介詞of。 （3）基本形式： ①“介詞（短語(yǔ)）＋關(guān)系代詞”（作狀語(yǔ)）：關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可與關(guān)系副詞互換； ②“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞”（作狀語(yǔ)）：關(guān)系代詞常用which 和whose； ③“名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”（作主語(yǔ)）：可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)； ④“數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)＋of＋關(guān)系代詞”（作主語(yǔ)）：數(shù)詞還可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代詞替換。
【品悟】　Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.
莉莉可能會(huì)來(lái)，要是那樣的話我就去問(wèn)她。
【寫(xiě)美】　完成句子/句式升級(jí)
①This is the camera 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
這就是他經(jīng)常用來(lái)拍照的相機(jī)。
②We had bought an new map， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們買(mǎi)了一張新地圖，要是沒(méi)有它我們就會(huì)迷路。
③I have about 10 books， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我大約有10本書(shū)，其中一半是冰心寫(xiě)的。
④He has ten cousins， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他有十個(gè)表兄弟，最小的那個(gè)很聰明。
⑤I have actively attended English lectures， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　British and American cultures.我積極參加了英語(yǔ)講座，從中我充分了解了英美文化。
⑥The activity， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of environmental protection，appeals to a mass of volunteers.
這個(gè)旨在提高我們的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)的活動(dòng)吸引了很多志愿者。
⑦He has a lot of friends and most of them are businessmen.
→He has a lot of friends， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（定語(yǔ)從句）
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖語(yǔ)篇】
第一步
1.significant　2.balance　3.is home to　4.levels　5.1，300
6.situation　7.has disappeared　8.extinction
第二步
1－6　DBBCCD
第三步
1.disappear， disagree， disadvantage， dishonest， disabled， dissatisfied ...； unbelievable， unlimited， unhappy， unknown， unusual， unreal ...； irreplaceable， invisible， incorrect， imbalance， illegal， irregular ...； non-smoking， non-stop， non-existent， non-profit， non-fiction ...
2.（1）As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”？
（2）With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.； Thus， it is often known as the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”.
【核心知識(shí)·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①living　②harmful　③which does/causes great harm to their health； doing/causing great harm to their health
2.①from　②various　③variety　④a variety of/varieties of
3.①to look　②by　③to drive　④in　⑤When it is in my turn， I am too excited to speak.
4.①broke down　②break in　③broke out　④break away from　⑤You will break down sooner or later if you go on working like that.
5.①to　②to make　③due to the horrible weather
④The bus was due to arrive at 5 p.m.， but it arrived one hour late due to the heavy fog.
6.①is doing/causing damage to our children　②had their houses damaged　③Don’t damage your health
④He won’t do anything that may damage her reputation.
Part Ⅱ
1.①five times the width of　②four times longer than
③three times as big as the previous one　④double/twice what it was three years ago　⑤twice as big as； twice the size of
2.①with which he often takes photos　②without which we would have lost our way　③half of which were written by Bing Xin　④the youngest of whom is very clever　⑤from which I have a good knowledge of　⑥the aim of which is to raise our awareness　⑦most of whom are businessmen
11 / 12(共118張PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語(yǔ)篇
4
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
3
核心知識(shí)·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預(yù)習(xí)
1
The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure
　　[1]Welcome to the jungle， a huge sea of① green alive with② the
sounds of animals.This is the Amazon rainforest.[2]As the largest
rainforest in the world， it plays a significant role in③ maintaining the fine
balance of the Earth’s ecosystem④.
　　[1]句中a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是名詞
the jungle的同位語(yǔ)。
　　[2]動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s
ecosystem作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。
【讀文清障】
①a （huge） sea of 大量的，大片的
②（be） alive with 充滿，到處都是（活的或動(dòng)的東西）
③play a significant role in 在……方面起著重要作用
④ecosystem n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
　[助記](méi) 前綴eco- （生態(tài)的，環(huán)境的）＋system （系統(tǒng)）
→ecosystem
　ecology n.生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)
　ecotourism n.生態(tài)旅游
　eco-friendly adj.環(huán)保的
　　[3]The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries， including
Brazil and Peru， and one overseas region⑤ of France， all on the South
American continent⑥.[4]With an area of around 6 million⑦ square
kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of
China.[5]The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name，
is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑧— roughly 100 kilometres longer
than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，
the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the
richest biodiversity⑨ on the Earth： one in ten known species⑩ in the
world can be found here.
　　[3]句中all on the South American continent是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（代
詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)），在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
　　[4]句中With an area of around 6 million square kilometres是with復(fù)
合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)；more than half the size of China 是倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一，
其結(jié)構(gòu)為“倍數(shù)＋the size of＋被比較的對(duì)象”。
　　[5]“介詞（from）＋which”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which指
代先行詞The Amazon River。
⑤overseas region 海外地區(qū)
　overseas adj.海外的，國(guó)外的
　adv.在海外，向國(guó)外
　region n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域；行政區(qū)
⑥continent n.大陸，陸地，洲
⑦million num.一百萬(wàn)；許多，大量
　millions of 數(shù)百萬(wàn)的
　billion num.十億；數(shù)以十億計(jì)
　billions of 數(shù)以十億計(jì)的；數(shù)十億；幾十億
⑧l(xiāng)ength n.長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)度；時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短；篇幅，（電影）片長(zhǎng)
　in length 在長(zhǎng)度上
⑨biodiversity n.生物多樣性
　[助記](méi) 前綴bio- （生物的）＋diversity （多樣性）→biodiversity
　biology n.生物學(xué)
　biologist n.生物學(xué)家
⑩species n.（pl.species） 種，物種
　　[6]Of the 390，000 plant species known to us， more than 40，000
can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree
produces nuts that we can eat； these water lilies are big enough to lie
down on.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety
of wildlife .At the bottom， there is a system of roots beneath the
ground.[7]Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest
floor.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then
there are the towering ancient hardwoods ， and finally the tops of the
tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms
its own little world， home to different kinds of living things.
　　[6]句中known to us為動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短
語(yǔ)the 390，000 plant species。
　　[7]本句是完全倒裝句。表示地點(diǎn)、方位的介詞短語(yǔ)Above that置
于句首，句子用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
nut n.堅(jiān)果
　brazil nut 巴西堅(jiān)果
lily n.百合（花）
　water lily 睡蓮
variety n.不同種類；變化，多樣性；變種，變體
　various adj.各種不同的，各種各樣的
　a variety of 各種各樣的
wildlife n.野生動(dòng)植物，野生生物
beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
mass n.大量；團(tuán)，塊，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，廣泛的
　masses of 大量的，許多的
towering adj.高大的，高聳的；出色的
　tower n.塔 v.高于，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)；高聳于；勝過(guò)
hardwood n.闊葉樹(shù)；硬材（闊葉樹(shù)的木材）
living adj.活著的，活的；在使用的 n.生計(jì)，謀生；生活方式
　living things 生物
　　More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals
hide among the jungle’s plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has
a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.[8]While a significant number of
jaguars survive here， they are only one element of this forest’s food
chain.They feed on at least 87 species， including frogs.These frogs ，
in turn ， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar
dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and
return the nutrients to the earth.
　　[8]While引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然，盡管”。
mammal n.哺乳動(dòng)物
jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎
survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于難
frog n.蛙，青蛙
in turn 相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而；依次，輪流
　by turns 時(shí)而
microorganism n.微生物
　a tiny army of microorganisms 一小支微生物軍隊(duì)
break down 使分解（為），使變化（成）
　break up 打碎；垮掉；解散；結(jié)束；期終放假
nutrient n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)素，營(yíng)養(yǎng)物
　　The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing
carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen
.Thus， it is often known as the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”.Moreover，
the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for
food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable
plants and animals： us.[9]Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of
the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as
agriculture and cattle farming.[10]As the impact of human
activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage
the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”？
　　[9]本句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為Over the past 50 years，是“over/in/during/for
＋the past/last＋時(shí)間段”結(jié)構(gòu)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
　　[10]句中As意為“隨著”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
breathe life into 給……帶來(lái)起色，注入活力
　breathe in and breathe out 吸氣和呼氣
carbon n.碳
　carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
oxygen n.氧，氧氣
　take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide　吸入氧，呼出二氧化碳
irreplaceable adj.不能替代的
disappear vi.不復(fù)存在，滅絕，消亡；消失；失蹤
disappearance n.消失；不見(jiàn)
　[反義]appear vi.出現(xiàn)→appearance n.出現(xiàn)
due to 由于，因?yàn)?br/>　[同義]because of、 thanks to、 owing to、 as a result of、 on account
of、 in consequence of/as a consequence of
agriculture n.農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)學(xué)
　agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的，農(nóng)學(xué)的
cattle n.牛
　cattle farming 養(yǎng)牛
impact n.影響，作用；撞擊，沖撞
vi.& vt.有影響；沖擊
　have an impact/influence/effect on　對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響
extinction n.滅絕，絕種
　extinct adj.已滅絕的，絕種的；廢除了的
　in danger of extinction 處于滅絕的危險(xiǎn)之中
damage vt.& n.損害，傷害，損壞，破壞
　cause/do damage to 對(duì)……造成損害
【參考譯文】
亞馬孫雨林：大自然的寶藏
　　歡迎來(lái)到這片叢林，這是一片綠色的海洋，到處都可以聽(tīng)到動(dòng)物
發(fā)出的聲音。這里是亞馬孫雨林。作為世界上最大的雨林，它在維系
地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的微妙平衡上扮演著舉足輕重的角色。
　　亞馬孫雨林穿過(guò)包括巴西、秘魯在內(nèi)的八個(gè)國(guó)家，以及一塊
法國(guó)的海外領(lǐng)地，都位于南美洲大陸。亞馬孫雨林的面積約為600
萬(wàn)平方千米，比中國(guó)國(guó)土面積的一半還要大。亞馬孫雨林得名于
亞馬孫河，亞馬孫河長(zhǎng)接近6400千米，比長(zhǎng)江還長(zhǎng)約100千米。這
條河從高山流向海洋，沿途維系著多種不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。它們賦
予這片區(qū)域地球上最豐富的生物多樣性：全世界十分之一的已知
物種，都可以在這里找到。
　　在人類已知的390000種植物物種中，在亞馬孫可以找到40000多
種。這棵高大、古老的巴西堅(jiān)果樹(shù)結(jié)出的堅(jiān)果我們可以食用：這些睡
蓮（葉片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同層次使種類多到難以置信
的野生動(dòng)植物得以生存。在底部，有一個(gè)地表下的根系。往上是陰暗
森林地表厚實(shí)的落葉層。再往上一層由低矮的闊葉植物組成。然后是
高聳、古老的闊葉樹(shù)，最后是那些離地?cái)?shù)米之高的大樹(shù)的樹(shù)冠。雨林
的每一層都形成了自己的小世界，成為各種生物的家園。
　　1300多種鳥(niǎo)和400多種哺乳動(dòng)物藏身于這片叢林的植被中。這只
美洲豹就是個(gè)例子。它黃棕色的皮毛上遍布著黑點(diǎn)。盡管相當(dāng)多的美
洲豹在這里生存，但它們只是這個(gè)雨林食物鏈上的一個(gè)要素。它們捕
食的物種至少有87種，其中包括青蛙。相應(yīng)地，這些青蛙以昆蟲(chóng)為
食，而昆蟲(chóng)則吃樹(shù)葉和水果。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物軍隊(duì)會(huì)助力
其尸體的分解，讓營(yíng)養(yǎng)素重回土壤之中。
　　亞馬孫雨林通過(guò)固定碳，并產(chǎn)生超過(guò)全球總量20%的氧氣，使得
地球生生不息。因此，它也常常被稱作“地球之肺”。此外，亞馬孫
雨林還是食用物種和藥用物種的寶庫(kù)。然而，這些無(wú)可取代的動(dòng)植物
面臨的一個(gè)主要威脅就是：我們。在過(guò)去的50年里，由于農(nóng)耕和養(yǎng)牛
等人類活動(dòng)，約17%的雨林已經(jīng)消失了。隨著人類活動(dòng)的影響不斷增
加，瀕危物種的名單越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，這就留給我們一個(gè)問(wèn)題：我們能承擔(dān)
得起損害“地球之肺”的后果嗎？
文本透析·剖語(yǔ)篇
助力語(yǔ)篇理解
2
第一步：析架構(gòu)，理文本脈絡(luò)
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達(dá)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Which of the following statements about the Amazon rainforest is
TRUE according to the passage？（　　）
A. The Amazon rainforest plays an important part in keeping the balance
of human and nature.
B. The Amazon rainforest crosses into seven countries， including Brazil
and Peru.
C. The area of the Amazon rainforest is around 6 million square metres，
more than half the size of China.
D. The Amazon rainforest is named after the Amazon River，which is
close to 6，400 kilometres in length.
2. What can be inferred from the third paragraph in the passage？
（　　）
A. There are only 390，000 species of plants on the Earth.
B. Different species of plants in Amazon rainforest grow in different
levels.
C. At the bottom of the Amazon rainforest grow some bushes.
D. The ancient brazil nut trees and the water lilies are living in the same
level.
3. The author uses the example of “jaguars” in Paragraph 4 　　　　.
（　　）
A. to prove that some rare animals are still found in the rainforest
B. to show that they are only one element of this rainforest’s food chain
C. to explain how the food chain is formed
D. to warn readers to protect the animals from being damaged in the
rainforest
4. Why is the Amazon rainforest known as the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”？
（　　）
A. Because it looks like a lung.
B. Because there are many species of plants and animals there.
C. Because it fixes carbon and produces over 20 per cent of all the
Earth’s oxygen.
D. Because the Amazon rainforest will disappear.
5. Which is the major danger to wildlife species in the Amazon
rainforest？（　　）
A. Agriculture. B. Cattle farming.
C. Human activities. D. Carbon and oxygen.
6. What’s the style of the passage？（　　）
A. An advertisement.
B. A travel journal.
C. An experiment report.
D. A documentary script.
第三步：通詞句，學(xué)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)
1. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)——循規(guī)律，記單詞
這篇課文中出現(xiàn)了一些帶有否定前綴的詞匯，請(qǐng)找出它們，并自己
再寫(xiě)出一些。
Prefixes Words
dis-

disappear， disagree， disadvantage， dishonest， disabled，
dissatisfied ...
Prefixes Words
un-

in-/im-
/il-/ir-

non-

unbelievable， unlimited， unhappy， unknown， unusual，
unreal ...
irreplaceable， invisible， incorrect， imbalance， illegal，
irregular ...
non-smoking， non-stop， non-existent， non-profit， non-
fiction ...
2. 美文欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
課文The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure的語(yǔ)篇類型是紀(jì)
錄片腳本。紀(jì)錄片腳本的語(yǔ)言作為電視語(yǔ)言中的一種，有其獨(dú)
特的風(fēng)格。
（1）從人稱和語(yǔ)氣的角度看：作者大量使用第三人稱，力求展現(xiàn)
出真實(shí)的亞馬孫雨林。但也少量使用了第一人稱來(lái)拉近和讀
者的距離，引發(fā)讀者共鳴。多使用陳述語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)也會(huì)使用
疑問(wèn)句，但其作用與其說(shuō)是向讀者提問(wèn)，不如說(shuō)是在引發(fā)讀
者的思考。例如，文章最后一段中的句子



。
As the impact of
human activities continues to grow and the list of species in
danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a
question： can we afford to damage the “l(fā)ungs of the
planet”？　
（2）從語(yǔ)體風(fēng)格來(lái)看：本文是闡釋型紀(jì)錄片，本質(zhì)上屬于說(shuō)明
文，內(nèi)容科學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、語(yǔ)言嚴(yán)密準(zhǔn)確。例如，第二段中
的句子
，作
者使用了列數(shù)字和作比較的說(shuō)明方法，幫助讀者對(duì)亞馬孫雨
林的面積留下具體而鮮明的印象。另一方面，該腳本也借用
了一些修辭手法來(lái)使其語(yǔ)言形象貼切，提升藝術(shù)感染力。例
如，最后一段中的句子
，作者把亞馬孫雨林比作“地球之
肺”，使其重要性躍然紙上。
With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，
the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.　
Thus， it is often known as the
“l(fā)ungs of the planet”.　
核心知識(shí)·巧突破
探究課堂重點(diǎn)
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
harm n.& vt.傷害，損害
【教材原句】　The human race has done much harm.人類已經(jīng)造成了
很多傷害。
【用法】
（1）do/cause sb/sth harm＝do/cause harm to sb/sth　　
對(duì)某人/某物造成危害/有害
there is no harm in doing sth＝it does no harm to do sth
做某事并無(wú)害處；不妨做某事
（2）harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to ... 對(duì)……有害
（3）harmless adj. 無(wú)害的
be harmless to ... 對(duì)……無(wú)害
【佳句】　While the Sun’s rays can age and be harmful to our skin，
they also give us beneficial vitamin D.
雖然太陽(yáng)光線會(huì)使皮膚老化，對(duì)皮膚有害，但它們也給我們提供有益
的維生素D。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①There is no harm in （live） in that region for a long time.
②Staring at the screen is （harm） to our eyes.
living　
harmful　
【寫(xiě)美】　一句多譯
③有些男孩對(duì)玩電腦游戲太癡迷，這對(duì)他們的健康非常有害。
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games，
.（harm，定語(yǔ)從句）
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer
games， .（harm，分詞短語(yǔ)
作狀語(yǔ)）
which
does/causes great harm to their health　
doing/causing great harm to their health　
variety n.不同種類；變化，多樣性；變種，變體
【教材原句】　The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable
variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同層次使種類多到難以置信的野生動(dòng)植物得以生存。
【用法】
（1）a variety of＝varieties of 各種各樣的；不同種類的
（2）vary v. 變化；使多樣化
vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等；在……和……之間變動(dòng)
vary with ... 隨……而變動(dòng)
vary in ... 在……方面不同/變化
（3）various adj. 各種不同的；各種各樣的
【佳句】　Throughout the event， I was struck by an incredible variety
of plants that exist in the world.
在整個(gè)活動(dòng)過(guò)程中，我被世界上存在的各種各樣的植物所震撼。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Opinions on this matter vary person to person.
②They discussed （vary） matters all over the world.
③As the world’s first national park， Yellowstone is famous for
the （vary） of its wildlife.
from　
various　
variety　
【寫(xiě)美】　詞匯升級(jí)
④Our team， apart from regular training， will join in various activities.
→Our team， apart from regular training， will join in
activities.
a variety
of/varieties of　
in turn 相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而；依次，輪流
【教材原句】　These frogs， in turn， feed on insects which eat leaves
and fruit.
相應(yīng)地，這些青蛙以昆蟲(chóng)為食，而昆蟲(chóng)則吃樹(shù)葉和水果。
【用法】
（1）in one’s turn 　接著；輪到某人
by turns 輪流；交替地（多用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)某一時(shí)期反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）
it’s one’s turn to do sth　輪到某人做某事了
（2）take turns to do/in doing sth 　輪流做某事
（3）It turns/turned out that ... 結(jié)果……
【佳句】　Don’t be afraid of difficulties.They can help you accumulate
experience， and experience can， in turn， broaden your horizons.
不要害怕困難。困難可以幫助你積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)轉(zhuǎn)而又可以開(kāi)闊你的
視野。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①They had to take turns （look） after the patients.
②The two daughters looked after their sick mother turns.
③I think it’s my turn （drive） the kids to school this
week.
④Now that we have finished the design， it is their turn to
construct.
to look　
by　
to drive　
in　
【寫(xiě)美】　翻譯句子
⑤當(dāng)輪到我時(shí)，我激動(dòng)得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。

When it is in my turn， I am too excited to speak.
break down 使分解（為），使變化（成）；出故障；垮掉；失敗，
破壞
【教材原句】　When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of
microorganisms helps break down its body and return the
nutrients to the earth.美洲豹死后，一小支微生物軍隊(duì)會(huì)助力其尸
體的分解，讓營(yíng)養(yǎng)素重回土壤之中。
【用法】
break in　　　　 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；打斷（談話），插嘴
break into 闖入，破門(mén)而入
break out （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病等）爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生
break up 解散；結(jié)束；期終放假；破碎
break through 突破；沖破；克服，戰(zhàn)勝
break away （from） 逃脫；脫離
【佳句】　To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break
it down into parts.
為了明白句子的語(yǔ)法，你必須把它分解成（幾個(gè)）部分。
【練透】　用break的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①The business negotiation between the two sides with no
agreement reached.
②It is bad manners to when people are having conversation.
③I was still sleeping when the fire ， and then it spread
quickly.
④The little dog wanted to its master but failed.
broke down　
break in　
broke out　
break away from　
【寫(xiě)美】　翻譯句子
⑤如果你繼續(xù)像那樣工作的話，遲早會(huì)累垮的。

You will break down sooner or later if you go on working like that.
due to 由于，因?yàn)椋ㄖ荒茏鞅碚Z(yǔ)）
【教材原句】　Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the
rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and
cattle farming.
在過(guò)去的50年里，由于農(nóng)耕和養(yǎng)牛等人類活動(dòng)，約17%的雨林已經(jīng)消
失了。
【用法】
（1）due adj.　　　由于，因?yàn)椋粦?yīng)付的，應(yīng)得的；適當(dāng)?shù)模活A(yù)期
的，到期的
be due to do sth 預(yù)期/預(yù)定要做某事
be due to sb 應(yīng)付給/應(yīng)給予/應(yīng)歸于某人
（2）表示“由于”的詞組還有：
because of 因?yàn)椋ㄖ荒茏鳡钫Z(yǔ)）
thanks to 因?yàn)椋恍姨潱ㄖ荒茏鳡钫Z(yǔ)）
owing to 因?yàn)椋捎冢瓤勺鳡钫Z(yǔ)，也可作表語(yǔ)）
【佳句】　In the beginning， it was quite difficult for me to read the
musical notes due to my poor memory.
剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，由于我記憶力不好，我很難讀懂音符。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①Have they been paid the money that is due them？
②The professor is due （make） a speech this Friday.
③He had intended to return today， but he postponed the journey
.
他本打算今天返回，但由于糟糕的天氣，他延遲了旅程。
to　
to make　
due to
the horrible weather　
【寫(xiě)美】　翻譯句子
④公共汽車本應(yīng)下午五點(diǎn)到達(dá)的，但由于大霧，它晚了一個(gè)小時(shí)。


The bus was due to arrive at 5 p.m.， but it arrived one hour late due to
the heavy fog.
damage vt.& n.損害，傷害，損壞，破壞
【教材原句】　As the impact of human activities continues to grow and
the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left
with a question： can we afford to damage the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”？
隨著人類活動(dòng)的影響不斷增加，瀕危物種的名單越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，這就留給
我們一個(gè)問(wèn)題：我們能承擔(dān)得起損害“地球之肺”的后果嗎？
【用法】
（1）be badly/seriously damaged 　　嚴(yán)重受損
be slightly damaged 輕微受損
（2）do/cause （great） damage to ...對(duì)……造成（很大的）損害
damage sb’s reputation/health 損害某人的名譽(yù)/健康
suffer damage 遭受損傷
【佳句】　The fire lasted over three weeks， causing a damage of at
least twenty million dollars.
大火持續(xù)了三個(gè)多星期，造成至少兩千萬(wàn)美元的損失。
【點(diǎn)津】　damage 指部分性“損壞，破壞”，一般可以修復(fù)；而
destroy指徹底地“破壞，毀壞”，一般不能或很難修復(fù)。
【練透】　完成句子
①I(mǎi) have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling
.
我有一種強(qiáng)烈的恐懼：我們正在說(shuō)的謊言會(huì)對(duì)我們的孩子造成傷害。
②Many people in the earthquake.
許多人的房子在地震中遭受損壞。
③My mother is right： for a slim and
attractive figure.
我媽媽說(shuō)得對(duì)：不要為了苗條動(dòng)人的身材而毀了自己的健康。
is doing/causing
damage to our children　
had their houses damaged　
Don’t damage your health　
【寫(xiě)美】　翻譯句子
④他不會(huì)做任何有可能損害她名譽(yù)的事情。

He won’t do anything that may damage her reputation.
Part Ⅱ　重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法
【教材原句】　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the
Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亞馬孫雨林的面積約為600萬(wàn)平方千米，比中國(guó)國(guó)土面積的一半還
要大。
【用法】
【品悟】　This river is three times the length of that one.
這條河是那條河的三倍長(zhǎng)。
The people present at the meeting today are twice/double than those of
last time.
今天到會(huì)的人員比上次多兩倍。
【寫(xiě)美】　完成句子/一句多譯
①This bridge is that one.
這座橋的寬度是那座橋的五倍。
②The red ruler is the yellow one.
紅色的尺子比黃色的長(zhǎng)四倍。
③My school has expanded into a big one， which is
.
我的學(xué)校已經(jīng)擴(kuò)建成了一所大學(xué)校，是以前的三倍大。
④The length of the road is .
這條路的長(zhǎng)度是三年前的兩倍。
five times the width of　
four times longer than　
three times as big
as the previous one　
double/twice what it was three years ago　
⑤正在建的新體育館將是操場(chǎng)的兩倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be the
playground.（as）
→The new stadium being built will be the
playground.（size）
twice as big as　
twice the size of　
句型公式：“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
【教材原句】　The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its
name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres
longer than the Yangtze River.
亞馬孫雨林得名于亞馬孫河，亞馬孫河長(zhǎng)接近6400千米，比長(zhǎng)江還長(zhǎng)
約100千米。
【用法】
（1）“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾物時(shí)，關(guān)
系代詞用which，修飾人時(shí)用whom，在從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)用whose。
（2）“介詞＋which/whom”既可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)
限制性定語(yǔ)從句。介詞的確定要遵循以下原則：
①根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞等的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定；
②根據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體意義來(lái)確定；
③根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定；
④表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，通常用介詞of。
（3）基本形式：
①“介詞（短語(yǔ)）＋關(guān)系代詞”（作狀語(yǔ)）：關(guān)系代詞只能用which
或whom且不能省略，但可與關(guān)系副詞互換；
②“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞”（作狀語(yǔ)）：關(guān)系代詞常用which 和
whose；
③“名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”（作主語(yǔ)）：可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose
＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；
④“數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)＋of＋關(guān)系代詞”（作主語(yǔ)）：數(shù)詞還可以
被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代詞替換。
【品悟】　Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.莉莉
可能會(huì)來(lái)，要是那樣的話我就去問(wèn)她。
【寫(xiě)美】　完成句子/句式升級(jí)
①This is the camera .
這就是他經(jīng)常用來(lái)拍照的相機(jī)。
②We had bought an new map，
.
我們買(mǎi)了一張新地圖，要是沒(méi)有它我們就會(huì)迷路。
③I have about 10 books， .
我大約有10本書(shū)，其中一半是冰心寫(xiě)的。
④He has ten cousins， .
他有十個(gè)表兄弟，最小的那個(gè)很聰明。
with which he often takes photos　
without which we would have lost our
way　
half of which were written by Bing Xin　
the youngest of whom is very clever　
⑤I have actively attended English lectures，
British and American cultures.
我積極參加了英語(yǔ)講座，從中我充分了解了英美文化。
⑥The activity， of
environmental protection，appeals to a mass of volunteers.
這個(gè)旨在提高我們的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)的活動(dòng)吸引了很多志愿者。
⑦He has a lot of friends and most of them are businessmen.
→He has a lot of friends， .
（定語(yǔ)從句）
from which I have a good
knowledge of　
the aim of which is to raise our awareness　
most of whom are businessmen　
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
4
維度一：品句填詞
根據(jù)所給單詞的首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示，寫(xiě)出單詞的正確形式。
1. He has returned to South Africa from his long o trip.
2. The old ginkgo tree has survived for m of years.
3. We divide into pairs and each pair takes a r .
4. Many of the hairpins are different v of plastic flowers.
verseas　
illions　
egion　
arieties　
5. The storm caused some （損壞） to some houses， but
they were not destroyed.
6. As is known to all， humans take in （氧氣） and breathe
out carbon dioxide.
7. Now that you have （大量） of work to do， you don’t
have to help me with the housework.
8. The rare mountain grass is said to be in danger of （滅
絕） in the near future.
damage　
oxygen　
masses　
extinction　
9. The young singer remains a （出色的） figure in rock
and roll.
10. A good way to protect （物種）is to let them go back to
forests and live freely.
towering　
species　
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
1. The polluted water from the factory is， of course，
（harm）.
2. The local government has taken measures to prevent the rare animals
from （extinct）.
3. He died six weeks later of a （mass） heart attack.
4. The Garden’s menu is based on Hawaiian （region）
cuisine.
harmful　
extinction　
massive　
regional　
5. The police are investigating the （disappear） of
key files on the killers.
6. This country is a traditional （agriculture）society，
with a majority of farming population.
7. Nature mainly refers to （live）things， including plants
and animals in the wild.
8. At that time， people were divided geographically， leading
to （vary） of dialects and characters.
disappearance　
agricultural　
living　
varieties　
9. My bedroom is four meters in （long） and three meters in
width.
10. The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were
no （survive）.
length　
survivors　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及括號(hào)內(nèi)提示完成下列句子。
1. 由于有很多家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩只好一整天都待在家里。（獨(dú)立
主格結(jié)構(gòu)）
， the little boy had to stay at home all
day.
2. 這種塑料很難在短時(shí)間內(nèi)分解。（break down）
This kind of plastic in a short time.
Lots of homework to do　
is difficult to break down　
3. 他把地址弄錯(cuò)了，為此他向我們道歉。（“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)
的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）
He got the address wrong， .
4. 山腳下坐落著一個(gè)小村莊。（完全倒裝句）
At the foot of the mountain .
5. 盡管學(xué)生們來(lái)自不同的國(guó)家，但是他們?cè)谙牧顮I(yíng)相處得非常好。
（while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）
， they got on
quite well in the summer camp.
for which he apologised to us　
lies a small village　
While the students came from different countries　
6. 在過(guò)去的五到十年里，這些住宿加早餐的地方在一些地方很受歡
迎。 （“介詞＋the past/last＋時(shí)間段”與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用）
， these bed-and-breakfast
places popular in some places.
In the past five to ten years　
have become　
維度四：課文語(yǔ)法填空
閱讀課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確
形式。
　　Covering more than half 1. size of China， the Amazon
rainforest， whose name 2. （get） from the Amazon River，
plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s
ecosystem.3. the richest biodiversity on the Earth， the Amazon rainforest’s different levels are home to various living things， 4. （provide） food and shelter for an unbelievable variety
the　
is got　
With　
providing　
of wildlife.There are more than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals 5. （live） in this forest.This jaguar is one example.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break 6. its body and return the 7. （nutrient） to the earth.
Though 8. （know） as the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”， much of the Amazon rainforest is in danger of 9.
（disappear） and more species are dying out.We cannot afford 10. （damage） the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”.
living　
down　
nutrients　
known　
disappearance/disappearing　
to damage　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Douglas Thron’s love for animals began when he was a little
kid.After he grew up， Thron worked as a photographer for shows like
Discovery Channel’s Shark Week， filming the great white sharks off the
coast of Santa Cruz， California.But Thron says it was the Paradise fire in
California in 2018 that pushed him to do animal rescue work.
　　At the time， Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after
the fire using a special camera.The camera uses heat to look for the
animals at night.Thron and the man talked about how wonderful it would
be to put one on a drone （無(wú)人機(jī)） to search for animals more easily.He
explains that flying a drone over a big disaster gives you a real feel for how
serious the disaster is.He adds， “You definitely get inspired to drop
everything to help as much as possible.The feeling I get when I rescue an
animal is an unbelievable feeling， so it just keeps me going.”
　　The first animal Thron ever rescued was a dog after a hurricane
happened， which destroyed hundreds of houses.Thron tested out flying a
drone and found the dog in the middle of where hundreds of houses had
been destroyed.“I flew the drone over and I found him.Nobody claimed
him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful
dog，” he says.
　　Thron adds that he’s been going non-stop since then.His TV show
Doug to the Rescue shows some of his heart-warming animal rescues，
including those after Hurricane Laura in Louisiana in 2020 and after fires
in Northern California and Oregon.Thron also helped rescue koalas after
the horrible fires ravaged parts of Australia and burned down a number of
houses in 2020， using drones for the first time there to help locate so
many animals.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。道格拉斯·索恩從小就熱愛(ài)動(dòng)物，
長(zhǎng)大后，他開(kāi)始從事動(dòng)物救援工作。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。道格拉斯·索恩從小就熱愛(ài)動(dòng)物，
長(zhǎng)大后，他開(kāi)始從事動(dòng)物救援工作。
1. Why did Douglas Thron film the great white sharks before 2018？
（　　）
A. He wanted to protect them.
B. They were his favourite animals.
C. It was part of his work.
D. He did so to get close to nature.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中After he grew up ...filming
the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.可知，
當(dāng)時(shí)拍攝大白鯊是道格拉斯·索恩工作的一部分。
2. What is the key to finding an animal at night by using the special
camera？（　　）
A. The animal’s size.
B. The animal’s loud noise.
C. The animal’s living habit.
D. The animal’s body temperature.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中The camera uses heat to look
for the animals at night.可知，在晚上的時(shí)候，使用特殊的攝像機(jī)尋
找動(dòng)物靠的是它們散發(fā)出來(lái)的熱量，所以動(dòng)物的體溫是夜晚救援工
作的關(guān)鍵。
3. What can we know about the first animal that Douglas Thron ever
rescued？（　　）
A. It’s now living with Thron.
B. It was claimed after being found.
C. Thron found it through its barks in ruins.
D. It’s helping Thron find other trapped animals.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Nobody claimed him after 30
days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog可知，索恩
收養(yǎng)了他救助的第一只狗。由此推斷，他們現(xiàn)在生活在一起。
4. What does the underlined word “ravaged” in the last paragraph
probably mean？（　　）
A. Protected. B. Destroyed.
C. Changed. D. Improved.
解析：　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后的burned down a number of
houses可推斷，應(yīng)是可怕的大火摧毀了澳大利亞部分地區(qū)，ravage
意為“毀壞，破壞”，與destroy的意思最接近。
B
　　In the past 30 years， the non-profit organization Friends of Trees
planted trees along the streets of Portland， Oregon.Now， a new study
shows that each tree planted is connected with great reductions in non-
accidental and cardiovascular （心血管的） death.
　　Evidence pointing to a connection between exposure to nature and
less death is obvious.Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted
49，246 street trees.The research team looked at the number of trees
planted in a given area in the past 5， 10 or 15 years.They connected this
information with death due to cardiovascular， respiratory （呼吸的） or
non-accidental causes in that same area， using data from the Oregon
Health Authority.The results showed that in neighbourhoods in which
more trees had been planted， death rates were lower.This negative
connection was significant for cardiovascular and non-accidental death
rates， particularly for males and people over the age of 65.
　　Furthermore， the connection got stronger as trees aged and grew：
The reduction in death rates connected with trees planted 11－15 years
before was double that observed with trees planted in the past 1－5
years.This means that older trees are connected with larger decreases in
death and that protecting existing grown trees may be particularly
important for public health.
　　This study doesn’t provide a direct opinion about how trees improve
health.However， the finding that large trees have a greater health effect
than smaller ones is obvious， because larger trees are better at absorbing
air pollution， adjusting temperatures， and reducing noise.
　　“We observed the effect both in green and less green
neighbourhoods， which suggests street tree planting benefits both，”
says Geoffrey H. Donovan， first author of the study.“Besides， the
benefits of tree planting is greatly more valuable than the cost.Our results
provide important evidence for clear interventions （e.g.planting trees）
to increase the lifetime of urban people，” adds Donovan.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在過(guò)去的三十年間，一個(gè)名為
Friends of Trees的公益性組織種植了大量的行道樹(shù)。一項(xiàng)新的研究表
明，行道樹(shù)與降低死亡率有關(guān)。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在過(guò)去的三十年間，一個(gè)名為
Friends of Trees的公益性組織種植了大量的行道樹(shù)。一項(xiàng)新的研究表
明，行道樹(shù)與降低死亡率有關(guān)。
5. How long did Friends of Trees spend planting 49，246 street trees？
（　　）
A. About 5 years. B. About 10 years.
C. About 15 years. D. About 30 years.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Between 1990 and 2020，
Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.可知，F(xiàn)riends of Trees花
了大約30年的時(shí)間種植了49246棵行道樹(shù)。
6. What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A. Women gain no benefit from trees.
B. Trees can improve health in various ways.
C. Older trees contribute more to public health.
D. Trees grow well in green and less green communities.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句和第四段第二句可
知，樹(shù)齡較長(zhǎng)的樹(shù)木對(duì)公眾健康的貢獻(xiàn)更大。
7. What does Donovan mean in the last paragraph？（　　）
A. We should get close to nature.
B. We should protect older trees.
C. We should plant more street trees.
D. We should join the Friends of Trees.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段多諾萬(wàn)所說(shuō)的話可知，種行
道樹(shù)成了延長(zhǎng)城市居民壽命的有效方法，所以多諾萬(wàn)提倡種更多的
行道樹(shù)。
8. How does the author mainly develop the topic of the text？（　　）
A. By listing numbers.
B. By stating results.
C. By describing processes.
D. By making comparisons.
解析：　推理判斷題。文章第一段介紹一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，每種
植一棵樹(shù)，就能大大減少非意外死亡和因心血管疾病死亡的人數(shù)；
結(jié)合第二段第一句、第三段第一句和第四段內(nèi)容可推知，作者主要
是通過(guò)陳述研究結(jié)果來(lái)展開(kāi)文章主題的。
C
　　On 1 April 2021， 24-year-old Jibin Madhu packed a bag with a few
clothes and other necessities and left his home in search of a job.But he
was certain that a full-time job would never work for him as he wanted to
explore new things.So， he decided to spend many days at different
destinations， work somewhere for not more than a month， earn money
and travel to another place.
　　“For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.Nearby
hills， rivers and tourist places were the destinations at first，” says
Jibin， a hotel management graduate.“But when I became a teenager，
an all-India trip was always my dream.”
　　When finding jobs at different locations became a task and his wallet
felt lighter， Jibin decided to start a food stall （攤位） on his bike.He
had a kerosene stove （煤油爐） and a few utensils （器具） along with
some rice.He bought some more things to serve noodles， bread and tea to
travellers on his way.The kitchen was set up on the bike’s top box where
water and kerosene were stored.Everything felt simple as he had previous
experience in a kitchen.
　　In some areas， there were hardly any food stalls.Jibin began his
business in these places and it was an immediate success.He earned 500－
600 rupees per day from his two-wheeler food stall.
　　“More than the income from the stall， it was due to the kindness of
people that I set out on my dream journey.While some offered me work，
others provided me with a space to sleep.A man from Assam even gifted
me a tent， as mine was broken in the middle，” he says.
　　While usual riders cover hundreds of kilometres a day， Jibin finds a
destination and stays there for a few days getting to know its people and
culture.This also helps him find small jobs too.
　　Jibin has plans to visit foreign countries on his two-wheeler.He is
preparing himself and his bike for this big journey now.“Whatever
happens， I’ll have my kerosene stove and utensils ready， which gives
me the confidence of reaching my destination，” he says.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了青年Jibin騎車環(huán)游
印度的故事。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了青年Jibin騎車環(huán)游
印度的故事。
9. What might Jibin have been interested in at 24？（　　）
A. Having a cool bike.
B. Finding a full-time job.
C. Making a cross-country journey.
D. Graduating in hotel management.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，Jibin在24歲時(shí)決定邊工
作邊旅行，結(jié)合第二段中的For as long as I can remember， I’ve
been into travelling.和when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was
always my dream可知，他在24歲時(shí)最可能對(duì)環(huán)游全國(guó)感興趣。be
into sth對(duì)某事物很有興趣，非常喜歡某事物。
10. What can we learn about Jibin’s food stall？（　　）
A. It had little competition.
B. It sold packaged food.
C. It was set up for locals.
D. It made no money at first.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，在一些地區(qū)，
幾乎沒(méi)有食品攤，即Jibin幾乎沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，因此他的生意立即
取得了成功。本段中的rupee是印度的貨幣單位“盧比”。
11. What really impressed Jibin？（　　）
A. The challenges he met.
B. The views along the way.
C. The friendliness of strangers.
D. The food from different places.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Jibin所說(shuō)的話可知，雖
然食品攤的收入還可以，但更重要的是人們的友善才使得他踏
上了夢(mèng)想之旅。由此可推知，沿途陌生人的友善給他留下了深
刻的印象。
12. What is the difference between Jibin and usual riders？（　　）
A. He makes no preparations before a ride.
B. He prefers experiencing local customs.
C. He changes destinations halfway through.
D. He likes riding without stops for a long time.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知，通常的騎
手每天要騎行幾百公里，而Jibin找到一個(gè)目的地，就在那里待上
幾天，了解那里的人和文化，即Jibin更喜歡感受各地的風(fēng)俗而不
是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間騎車。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Stop Bagging Leaves！
　　Many animals depend on fallen leaves to survive.Although not
directly related to leaves， a study shows North America has already lost 3
billion birds since 1970.13.（　　） Bagging leaves may cause birds to
die.
　　Fallen leaves are nature’s way of renewing itself.14.（　　）
Without the nutrients from decomposing （腐爛的） leaves， the grass in
your garden requires chemical fertilizer （肥料）， which will run off
into water sources and harm the environment.
　　When leaves are blown into the street， they flow down drains （下
水道） and into rivers and streams.These water sources become
blocked， and eventually， back up into streets.It will influence water
quality in rivers and streams.15.（　　）
　　When leaves are bagged and sent to the landfill （廢物填埋場(chǎng)），
they produce a greenhouse gas called methane （甲烷）， which will
worsen the climate change problem.It’s important to note， however，
that bagging leaves is not the problem — it’s what we do with the leaves
that make the difference.
　　16. （　　） Cut the leaves into smaller pieces， allowing them to
break down faster.Mix them into garden beds.If leaves are allowed to
decompose and return to the soil， it can reduce the need for chemical
fertilizer.
　　Try to practice environmentally friendly habits.Just by not bagging
leaves， we can protect the natural habitats of lots of animals.17.
（　　）
A. You may forget to bag them.
B. Birds feed on insects that live in fallen leaves.
C. It will also harm animals that depend on the water sources.
D. It won’t allow sunlight to reach the ground， and the grass will die.
E. And it will cut down on all that time spent filling and pulling bags！
F. Leaves provide nutrients that enrich the soil for growing plants in
spring.
G. Experts have suggested some ways to maintain your yard， without
bagging leaves.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。落葉是大自然自我更新的方式，為
了保護(hù)環(huán)境，請(qǐng)不要隨意把院子里的落葉裝進(jìn)袋子。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。落葉是大自然自我更新的方式，為
了保護(hù)環(huán)境，請(qǐng)不要隨意把院子里的落葉裝進(jìn)袋子。
13. B　上文提到許多動(dòng)物依靠落葉生存，下文提到把落葉裝進(jìn)袋子
的行為可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致鳥(niǎo)類死亡，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該與鳥(niǎo)類生存和落葉之間的關(guān)
系有關(guān)。B項(xiàng)（鳥(niǎo)類以生活在落葉中的昆蟲(chóng)為食）與下文內(nèi)容形成因
果關(guān)系。bag此處作動(dòng)詞，意為“把……裝進(jìn)袋子”。
14. F　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，設(shè)空處起承上啟下作用，既解釋落葉如何讓大
自然進(jìn)行自我更新，又引出下文提到的沒(méi)有落葉的后果。F項(xiàng)（落葉
為春天生長(zhǎng)的植物所需的土壤提供了養(yǎng)分）中的nutrients與下文中的
nutrients為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
15. C　上文提到落葉會(huì)堵塞河流，影響水源的水質(zhì)，C項(xiàng)與上句It
will influence water quality in rivers and streams.形成并列關(guān)系，解釋了
落葉帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，其中water sources呼應(yīng)上文中的rivers and
streams，It與上句中的It均指代上文提到的“水源被堵塞最終回流到街
道”這一情況。
16. G　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為把落葉裝進(jìn)袋子并不是問(wèn)題，
重要的是我們?nèi)绾翁幚砺淙~；下文提到處理落葉的方法：切碎樹(shù)葉讓
其快速分解、把樹(shù)葉混入到花圃中。由此推斷，本段旨在介紹不把落
葉裝進(jìn)袋子也可以維持花園干凈的方法，G項(xiàng)中的bagging leaves呼應(yīng)
上文中的bagging leaves。
17. E　作者在本段呼吁大家養(yǎng)成環(huán)保的習(xí)慣，并指出不把落葉裝進(jìn)
袋子帶來(lái)的好處。E項(xiàng)與上文中的protect the natural habitats of lots of
animals形成并列關(guān)系，其中的bags呼應(yīng)上文中的bagging。
謝謝觀看！

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