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Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
維度一：基礎題型練
　　用適當的情態動詞或所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1.When he was young， he 　　　　　　climb the small hill every morning.
2.If you can pass the driving test， you 　　　　　get a new car.
3.She 　　　　　　　have been caught in the heavy traffic.If so， she won’t arrive here by five o’clock.
4.I have reached a point in my career where I 　　　　　　to decide which way to go.
5.The report is written after careful investigation.So it 　　　　　　be reliable.
6.One of our rules is that every student 　　　　wear school uniforms while at school.
7.It is not a problem whether we 　　　　win the battle； it’s just a matter of time.
8.He said that if it didn’t rain he 　　　　　　（go） to the park.
9.Despite all our efforts to persuade him， he still 　　　　　　not change his mind to quit his job.
10.Adapting to a new culture can be difficult.However， you 　　　　　　to step out of your comfort zone.
維度二：語法與寫作
1.I was annoyed at him because he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　himself.
我很生他的氣，因為他本應該好好照顧自己的。
2.Earlier this week， he told me he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　London.
這星期早些時候他對我說他要去倫敦。
3.She 　　　　　　　　　　　　， because she wears a bright smile on her face.
她一定贏了這場比賽，因為她臉上掛著燦爛的笑容。
4.We were told that the plane 　　　　　　　　　in ten minutes.
我們被告知飛機十分鐘后就要起飛了。
5.I still remember my happy childhood when my grandma 　　　　　　　　　　　　at weekends.
我仍然記得我快樂的童年，在周末我奶奶常常帶我去公園。
6.He said he would leave tomorrow.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　so early.
他說他明天離開。他不可能這么早就退房了。
維度三：語法填空
　　用適當的情態動詞完成下面短文。
　　Miss Fang 1.　　　　　　　　 （not） read for very long with her eyes hurt.Her mother told her that she 2.　　　　　　 go to hospital and see a doctor.“You 3.　　　　　　 see a doctor as soon as possible，” her mother said.“You 4.　　　　　　　 have poor eyesight.”
　　When Miss Fang had free time， she went to hospital.The clerk said that the doctor 5.　　　　　　 see her at 3：30 p.m.
　　Miss Fang replied that she 6.　　　　　　 not be able to be there at 3：30 p.m.because she had a class then.“The doctor 7.　　　　　　　　 see you at about ten to four，” the clerk suggested.“8.　　　　　　 I arrange the examination at about ten to four， or 9.　　　　　　 you rather come tomorrow？”
　　Miss Fang thought she 10.　　　　　　　　 （not） waste any more time.The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little earlier， as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied， “I think I 11.　　　　 make it at about ten to four.”
　　Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher， “12.　　　　　　　 I leave at 3：45 p.m.today？ My eyes hurt and I 13.　　　　 have an eye examination.” As expected， the teacher said， “Yes， of course you 14.　　　　　　　　.”
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·徐州高一下期末）The habit of thrift （節儉） was acquired by every one of Father’s family.In all his life， he never gave me a nickel.As a boy， I did not approve of his policy.He never lost an opportunity to tell me where and when I could earn some money.As a result of his warning， I frequently worked for neighbours with the understanding that I was to have every penny I earned.Father rarely borrowed from my savings.When he did， he never failed to keep his promise for payment.He never offered any advice， unless asked， as to how I was to invest my earnings.If I invested and lost， he remarked， “This is part of your experience.Live and learn.”I thought then that he was unpleasant and unsympathetic.I know better now.
　　Today we have “thrift days” and all sorts of devices for encouraging economy.To be frank about the matter， we have given up the very core of thrift.By that I mean the earning factor.In Father’s view， earning was a necessity.Someone has said that desire and necessity are the dynamic forces in social progress.Wealthy parents continue to hope against hope in their attempt to encourage thrift as a habit.In every middle school， college and university， the students who experience work are the only ones who really know the meaning of thrift.
　　A progressive doctrine of thrift involves earning， saving and spending.This cannot be taught in the classroom.Thrift is not a lone virtue； it is vitally related to all the other fundamental virtues.My habit of thrift gives me a strong hatred for waste.Millions of people in the world suffer from the lack of necessary food， clothing and shelter.The waste of the rich would， if put into use， meet the need of millions in poverty.
1.Why did the author have to work when he was young？（　　）
A.His father never gave him a nickel.
B.His father urged him to earn money on his own.
C.He had the desire to earn money on his own.
D.His father often borrowed money from his savings.
2.What is the author’s understanding of his father’s remark now？（　　）
A.His father didn’t care about his investment.
B.Going through failure before you finally succeed.
C.His father was angry when he failed in investment.
D.It is natural that one should fail at the beginning.
3.What is the core of thrift according to the author？（　　）
A.Working and earning.
B.Desire and necessity.
C.Living in a simple way with little money.
D.Making use of everything and never wasting.
4.Why does the author mention the people in poverty in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.To advocate the virtue of thrift.
B.To tell us that thrift can get rid of poverty.
C.To call on the wealthy to help the poor.
D.To call on the rich to stop wasting things.
B
　　（2024·山東六校高一下聯考）An Atlanta mother is making her kids work hard for their money.Instead of giving them an allowance， Shaketha Marion McGregor is giving them actual job titles and duties.Her innovative idea that she posted on Facebook has been shared over 114，000 times.
　　In a selfie， the mother of three showed that she was now “hiring” for three positions：laundry supervisor， lead housekeeper and kitchen manager for her company called “This Mom Means Business”.The photo also showed that she would be holding interviews for these jobs.The applicants？Her three kids： Jahkeem， 13， Takeia， 10， and Serinity， 6.
　　McGregor said the interviews went smoothly.To her surprise， the youngest was the most professional.“Jahkeem almost laughed the entire time， which caused me to laugh a lot， too.It was tons of fun.His only questions were， ‘How much do I get paid？How often do I get paid？And do I have to pay tax？’”
　　The kids have been handling the responsibilities of their new job duties pretty well so far， though it has only been about a week.McGregor says they’re anxiously awaiting their first paycheck.The mother said she came up with the idea after she had to replace a lot of items she lost during a tragedy.“We lost a lot of things last year in a house fire and I’ve been really working hard to recover the things that we need，” McGregor said.“And my kids continued to ask for things that they want so I figured it would be best to have them earn it.”
5.Why does the Atlanta mother conduct interviews？（　　）
A.To hire some people for her company.
B.To reduce her own pressure from work.
C.To let her kids earn money through labour.
D.To help her kids know how to save money.
6.What do we know from the photo mentioned in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.The way the kids do their duties.
B.The positions that may be applied for.
C.How the kids get along with each other.
D.How the kids compete for the jobs.
7.Who performed best in the interview？（　　）
A.Takeia. B.Shaketha.
C.Jahkeem. D.Serinity.
8.What happened to the family？（　　）
A.They suffered a fire.
B.They lost their home.
C.The father died in a tragedy.
D.They moved to a new city.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　（2024·重慶高一下月考）Thomas Edison once said，“There are three types of people： There are those who think.There are those who think they think.And then there are those who would rather die than think.”
　　The great majority of people go through life without giving much thought to who they are and how they got to where they are today.9.（　　）， like a series of random events， with no explanations and few connections between them.
　　But the fact is that your world is largely created by the thoughts you think， and the things that you do as a result of your thinking.10.（　　）.When you change your thinking， you change your life.
　　Your thought is creative.You determine what happens to you by the thoughts you think， especially those thoughts that are charged with emotion， either positive or negative.Your thoughts are like the computer in a guided missile （導彈）.11.（　　）.
　　In a 2002 study at the University of Pennsylvania， 350，000 people were interviewed to find out what they thought about most of the time.It turned out that the top 10 percent， the happiest and most successful of this group， thought about two things most of the time： what they wanted and how to get it.12.（　　）.
　　The more that successful people thought about what they wanted and how to get it， the more ideas and insights came to them.13.（　　）， which moved them faster and faster towards their goals.When they achieved their goals， they felt happier， more motivated， and eager to set even bigger and more challenging goals.
　　The foundation principle of all religions， philosophy， psychology， and success is this： You become what you think about most of the time.
A.As a result， life just happens to them
B.They lead you correctly to your target
C.Decide upon something that you really want
D.You will eventually become what you think about
E.These ideas motivated them to take even more actions
F.They thought about their goals and the actions they could take
G.When you improve your thinking， you improve your actions and results
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　I always come across random acts of kindness in my life.Many years ago， I was visiting Costa Rica when I found myself in a（n） 　14　 situation： my credit cards and bank cards went out of 　15　 abroad， and I only had 5 to my name.
　　I had no way to get money.I didn’t know anybody in this country.I only knew basic Spanish， and besides the cash the only possession I had was a return ticket to my country in almost two 　16　.Back then， there was no such thing as mobile phones， and 　17　 email was very limited.To findhelp， I decided to go to the 　18　.With the only coins I had， I headed to the bus terminal （終點站）， which 　19　 almost the exact amount.About 4 hours later， I arrived at a village called Santa Rosa Abajo.
　　I knocked door to door， 　20　 in my very poor Spanish that I was a foreigner travelling in Costa Rica with no money but I 　21　 to stay here for over ten days.I begged them for a 　22　 — such as cooking， cleaning and looking after their kids.Everybody replied， “Oh my， but so poor are we that we have no 　23　 food or space.Maybe you can try the next 　24　.” And they’d point me to another house.
　　　25　， I arrived at a Chinese restaurant.The owner of the restaurant was very 　26　.She gave me food and called the Red Cross to come to rescue me.With the 　27　 of the Red Cross， I spent my remaining days in Costa Rica.
　　This is one of the best trips I’ve ever had， because I realised that when you’re in a position to be able to 　28　 help， it actually makes you feel happy.
14.（　）A.unusual　　　 B.confusing
C.awkward D.strange
15.（　）A.use B.fashion
C.control D.business
16.（　）A.hours B.days
C.weeks D.months
17.（　）A.again B.even
C.yet D.so
18.（　）A.city　　　　　　 B.capital
C.town D.countryside
19.（　）A.created B.earned
C.saved D.cost
20.（　）A.explaining B.suggesting
C.apologising D.shouting
21.（　）A.managed B.needed
C.failed D.agreed
22.（　）A.job B.meal
C.room D.chance
23.（　）A.extra B.free
C.fine D.basic
24.（　）A.time B.village
C.family D.thing
25.（　）A.Luckily B.Naturally
C.Clearly D.Finally
26.（　）A.generous B.rich
C.outgoing D.confident
27.（　）A.help B.comfort
C.hope D.encouragement
28.（　）A.need B.receive
C.refuse D.give
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Carbon pricing （碳定價） is a policy tool to lower emissions of carbon dioxide （CO2） and other greenhouse gases.Emissions are produced when fossil fuels 29.　　　　　　 （burn）.These emissions are the main cause of climate change， 30.　　　　　　 （result） in flooding， sea-level rise， drought， heatwaves， and other costs to society.
　　The goal of carbon pricing 31.　　　　　　 （be） to shift the responsibility for these costs to those who produce the emissions.32.　　　　　　 producers and consumers have to pay for each ton of CO2 they emit， they have an economic incentive （動機） 33.　　　　　　 （shift） away from fossil fuels， improve their energy efficiency， and invest in low-carbon technology.
　　In theory， a carbon price should be equal to the social cost of carbon.For example， if one ton of CO2 emissions costs the public $100， 34.　　　　　　 should cost $100 to emit that ton of CO2.However， that price is very hard to determine， so often carbon prices are instead set at levels 35.　　　　　　 policymakers think will help them meet certain emission or temperature targets.
Many economists and policymakers consider carbon pricing one of the best available 36.　　　　　 （tool） to fight against climate change.That’s because carbon pricing can touch every part of the economy.Rather than regulating 37.　　　　　　 （exact） where and how emissions should be reduced， carbon pricing gives markets the flexibility to find the 38.　　　　　　 （cheap） possible ways to lower emissions.
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.would　2.shall　3.may/might　4.need　5.should　6.shall
7.can　8.would go　9.would　10.need
維度二
1.should have taken good care of　2.was leaving for
3.must have won the game　4.was taking off
5.would take me to the park　6.couldn’t have checked out
維度三
1.couldn’t　2.should　3.should　4.may/might　5.could
6.would　7.may/might　8.Shall　9.would　10.shouldn’t
11.can　12.May/Can/Could　13.must　14.can/may
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者小時候就養成了節儉的習慣，他認識到節儉是一種美德，那些通過勤工儉學的學生對節儉的生活有著深刻的認識。作者希望富人們減少浪費，幫助世界上千千萬萬的窮困人民。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第一段中的He never lost an opportunity to tell me where and when I could earn some money.可知，作者的父親總是不失時機地告訴他在哪里以及何時可以賺到錢，也就是說，作者的父親經常督促他獨立工作去掙錢。
2.B　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的Live and learn.和I know better now.可知，作者對父親的這番話有了更好的理解，即從失敗中獲得教訓，最后一定會取得成功。
3.A　細節理解題。根據第二段中的By that I mean the earning factor.可知，作者舉了學生勤工儉學的例子說明節儉的核心在于通過勞動獲得收入。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，作者認為如果把富人們浪費的東西充分利用起來，就可以滿足大量窮人的需求。由此推斷，作者呼吁富人停止浪費，這樣就可以拯救無數在窮困中掙扎的人。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一位母親為了培養孩子們的理財觀，給他們實際的職務和職責，讓他們通過付出勞動來賺取所需之物。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第一段可知，這位母親讓她的孩子們努力工作來賺錢，所以她舉辦面試是為了讓她的孩子們通過勞動賺錢。
6.B　細節理解題。根據第二段中的In a selfie， the mother of three showed that she was now “hiring” for three positions：laundry supervisor， lead housekeeper and kitchen manager可知，這張自拍照展示了孩子們可以應聘的職位。
7.D　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的To her surprise， the youngest was the most professional.可知，在面試過程中，最小的孩子是最專業的，Serinity最小，所以Serinity在面試中表現最佳。
8.A　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的We lost a lot of things last year in a house fire可知，McGregor家里因為一場大火損失了很多東西，所以McGregor家曾遭受過大火。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。我們常聽到一句名言：“我思故我在。”作者認為，我們每時每刻的所思所想，會最終決定我們成為什么樣的人。
9.A　上文指出：我們生活中大多人渾渾噩噩、很少思考，這樣的結果自然是漫無目的、隨波逐流。故A項符合語境。
10.G　下句When you change your thinking， you change your life.暗示我們G項符合語境，正好與其構成并列句。
11.B　上句指出：你的思想就像導彈里的計算機。計算機應該是為導彈確定目標，我們的思想則是為我們的人生確定目標。故B項符合語境，B項中的They指代上句中提到的Your thoughts。
12.F　上文介紹了2002年賓夕法尼亞大學的一項研究，受訪者有35萬人，關注點是他們大多數時候在想什么。故F項符合語境。
13.E　上句指出：成功人士對他們想要什么以及如何得到它想得越多，他們就會有更多的想法和見解。故E項符合語境，E項中的These ideas正好與上句中的more ideas相呼應。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在哥斯達黎加無法使用信用卡和銀行卡，身上也沒有多少現金，只好尋求幫助，最后終于在一家中餐廳老板的幫助下，成功度過了在哥斯達黎加剩下的日子。
14.C　根據下文可知，作者面臨著一個尷尬的情形。
15.A　根據下文abroad， and I only had 5 to my name可知，作者當時在國外，因此不能使用銀行卡和信用卡，只有5美元現金可用。
16.C　根據下文可推知，作者差不多還要在哥斯達黎加停留兩周。
17.B　根據語境可知，此處用“甚至連電子郵件也非常有限”來突出當時作者所處的艱難局面——無法求助國內的人。
18.D　根據下文About 4 hours later， I arrived at a village called Santa Rosa Abajo.可知，作者去了農村尋求幫助。
19.D　此處是指買票去農村幾乎花光了作者身上所有的錢。
20.A　根據下文可知，這是作者敲當地村民的門時，向村民們解釋自己的情況。
21.B　根據下文可知，作者需要在哥斯達黎加待十多天，因此懇求幫村民工作，以此換取現金。
22.A　根據下文such as cooking， cleaning and looking after their kids可知，此處是指作者懇求幫村民工作來換取現金。
23.A　根據上文so poor are we可知，村民都很窮，沒有額外的食物或者住的地方。
24.C　根據下文And they’d point me to another house.可推知，村民說完后，指著另外一戶人家，讓作者去試試。
25.D　根據上文作者向村民求助無果可知，此處是指作者最后來到了一家中餐廳。
26.A　根據下文She gave me food and called the Red Cross to come to rescue me.可知，中餐廳的老板非常慷慨。
27.A　根據上文中餐廳的老板給紅十字會打電話和下文I spent my remaining days in Costa Rica可知，有了紅十字會的幫助，作者度過了在哥斯達黎加剩下的日子。
28.B　根據上文作者的經歷可知，此處指的是處于被幫助的處境，即接受幫助的處境也會讓人很快樂。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。為了控制碳排放，世界上很多國家開始實施“碳定價”。
29.are burned　考查動詞的時態和語態。這里表示化石燃料“被燃燒”，因此用一般現在時的被動語態。
30.resulting　考查非謂語動詞。這里是動詞-ing形式作狀語，表示一種結果。
31.is　考查動詞的時態。根據上下文可知，這里應用一般現在時。
32.When/If　考查連詞。根據語境可知，這里應用從屬連詞When或If引導該狀語從句。
33.to shift　考查非謂語動詞。這里應用動詞不定式作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞incentive。
34.it　考查代詞。這里it作形式主語，后面的動詞不定式短語作真正主語。
35.that/which　考查定語從句。這里應用關系代詞that或which引導一個定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞 levels。
36.tools　考查名詞的單復數。one of后面應用可數名詞的復數形式。
37.exactly　考查副詞。本空前面是一個動詞，因此這里應用副詞形式。
38.cheapest　考查形容詞的最高級。“the＋最高級＋possible”是一種固定用法。例如：the best/biggest/fastest possible。
6 / 6Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
情態動詞和過去將來時
①Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London.
②Young man， would you step inside a moment， please？
③May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are？
④Well， you mustn’t worry about that.
⑤Now if you’ll excuse me， I ought to be on my way.
⑥The two gentlemen had been having a heated argument for a couple of days， and had decided to make a bet which would settle their argument.
【我的發現】
（1）句①中的could 表示　　　　；句②中的would表示　　　　；句③中的May表示　　　　；句④中的mustn’t表示　　　　；句⑤中的will表示　　　　；ought to表示　　　　　　　　。
（2）過去將來時的基本結構是　　　　　　　　　　（如句⑥）。
一、情態動詞
　情態動詞本身有一定的詞義，通常與動詞原形一起構成謂語，表示說話人對某一動作或狀態的態度或主觀設想。
1.基本特征
（1）在意義上，情態動詞有一定的詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，需和實義動詞或系動詞一起作謂語。
（2）在形式上，情態動詞一般沒有人稱和數的變化（be able to、 have to 除外）。
（3）在用法上，情態動詞與助動詞一樣，其后需接動詞原形，構成謂語動詞。
2.情態動詞的主要表意功能
（1）can/could 的用法
①表示能力，意為“能，會”；could主要指過去的能力。
Everyone can play a part in reducing waste.
每個人都可以在減少浪費方面發揮作用。
You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
你可以使用下面的寫作練習來幫助你做到這一點。
②表示請求或許可。
當請求允許做某事時，兩者均可用，但could語氣更委婉。當表示允許某人做某事時，一般要用can，而不用could。
—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning？
—Yes， you can.
——我明天早晨能用你的自行車嗎？
——是的，可以。
③表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度時，意為“怎么能，怎么會”，主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中，用could時語氣較委婉。
How can you stay so calm after such a hot argument？
在如此激烈的爭論之后，你怎么還能保持如此冷靜？
名師點津
can與be able to的區別：
（1）can只能用在一般現在時，而be able to可用于更多的時態。
He will be able to tell you the news soon.
他將能夠很快就告訴你這個消息。
（2）表示過去特定的能力或經過努力才具備的能力，只能用be able to。
I talked with her for a long time， and finally I was able to make her believe me.
我和她談了很長時間，最終，我讓她相信了我。
（2）must 的用法
表示現在或將來必須要做某事，多是出于義務、責任或強制命令，指說話人的主觀意志。
We must promote our environmental awareness and behave ourselves.
我們必須提高環保意識，并規范我們的行為。
（2023·全國甲卷）She teaches that people must take responsibility for saving the environment.
她教育人們必須承擔拯救環境的責任。
名師點津
（1）回答must引出的問句時，如果是否定的回答，則不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must we hand in our English exercise books？
—Yes， you must.（No， you don’t have to./No， you needn’t.）
——我們必須交英語練習冊嗎？
——是的，你必須要交。（不，你不必）。
（2）must用于疑問句中，可以用來表示責備、抱怨的感彩，意為“偏要，硬要”。mustn’t的意思是“禁止”，而不是“不必”。
Must you interrupt me now？Can’t you see I’m on the phone？
你非要現在打斷我嗎？難道你沒看見我在打電話嗎？
【即時演練1】　用適當的情態動詞填空
①　　　　　　 you please be kind enough to tell me something about that？
②Life is full of choices， so we 　　　　　think clearly before making a decision.
③I’m not a trained musician， but I’ve learnt to read music so I 　　　　help Maria in her performance.
④Tom， you 　　　　　　not leave all your clothes on the floor like this！
⑤I sincerely hope you 　　　　accept my invitation.
（3）may/might 的用法
①表示請求時，兩者都可用，只是might表示的語氣較委婉（但并不表示過去）；表示許可時，通常要用may而不用might。
If it is convenient， may/might I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday？ 如果方便的話，我可以下周二到辦公室拜訪你嗎？
②may表示祝福與愿望，多用于書面語中，構成“may＋you/名詞＋動詞原形＋...”句型。
May you have a good journey！
祝你旅途愉快！
名師點津
“may well＋動詞原形”表示“很可能”；may/might as well do sth表示“不妨做某事”。
He may well be surprised at the result.
他很可能會對這個結果感到意外。
To start with， you might as well learn to speak English.
首先，你最好學會說英語。
（4）shall 的用法
①shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中時，表示征求意見。
—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight？
—Don’t bother.I’ll drive her there.
——我要給Sarah訂今天晚上去機場的出租車嗎？
——不用麻煩了。我會開車送她去的。
②用于第二、三人稱的陳述句時，往往表示給對方（you）或第三者（he、 she、 they）以允諾、命令、決心、警告或威脅等，在法律、條約、協定等文件中可以表示義務、規定等。
You shall fail if you don’t work harder.
如果你不再努力點兒，你就會失敗。（警告）
Each citizen shall carry his ID card when travelling.
旅游時每個市民務必帶上身份證。（規定）
（5）should/ought to 的用法
①ought to和should意為“應該”，ought to表示義務或責任，比should語氣重。
I should help her because she is in trouble.
她遇到麻煩了，我應該幫助她。
②表示勸告、建議和命令。should、 ought to可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。
You should/ought to go to class right away in case you are late.
你應該立刻去上課，以免遲到。
③should表示驚訝、贊嘆或不滿，意為“竟然”。
It’s strange that he should speak to his mother in such a rude manner.真奇怪，他竟然用這樣粗魯的態度跟他的母親說話。
【即時演練2】　用適當的情態動詞填空
①You 　　　　　　　　as well walk outside with your friends or take some exercise.
②　　　　　　 we go there together this Friday afternoon？
③　　　　　　 you have a pleasant journey home and welcome to China again.
④I have realised that I 　　　　　　be responsible for not only myself， but also for the society.
（6）will/would 的用法
①will表示“意愿，意志”，would表示過去時間的“意愿，意志”。
I promise I will do my best to provide best service for the City Games.
我許諾我會盡最大努力為城市運動會提供最好的服務。
I told her to stop crying， but she just wouldn’t listen.
我告訴她別哭，但是她不愿意聽。
②表示征求意見或提出請求，主要用于第二人稱的疑問句中，will和would均可用，would此時不表示過去，而是表示委婉語氣。
If I send back the wrong shoes， will your company pay for the postage？
如果我把有問題的鞋發回去，你們公司可以付郵費嗎？
③will表示某種傾向或習慣性動作，意為“總會，老是”；would表示過去反復發生的動作或過去的一種傾向。
Fish will die without water.
沒有水，魚會死去。
During the vacation， he would visit me every other day.
在假期中，他每隔一天來看我一次。
名師點津
would與used to的區別：
（1）would表示過去經常性且反復發生的動作，沒有與現在對比的含義。
When we were young， we would go swimming every summer.
當我們小的時候，我們每年夏天都會去游泳。
（2）used to表示過去經常發生的動作或存在的狀態，且現在已終止，強調今昔對比。
People used to believe that the Earth was flat.
過去，人們總以為地球是扁平的。（現在已不再這樣認為）
（7）need/dare 的用法
①need表示必要性，意為“需要”，dare意為“敢于”；need和dare作情態動詞時，常用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中，無人稱和數的變化，疑問句和否定句中不加助動詞。
You needn’t come here this afternoon.
你今天下午不必來這里。
How dare you say I’m unfair？
你怎么敢說我不公平？
②need和dare用作實義動詞時，有詞形變化。在否定句、疑問句中要加助動詞。
You don’t need to hurry.You have enough time.你不必著急。你有足夠的時間。
He doesn’t dare （to） answer.他不敢回答。
Do you need a dictionary？
你需要一本詞典嗎？
How did you dare （to） tell her？
你怎么敢告訴她了？
【即時演練3】　用適當的情態動詞填空
①He 　　　　　　go to the river nearby to fish on weekends when he was young.
②—Sorry， I forgot to tell John about your party.
—It doesn’t matter.I 　　　　　　call him in a while.
③Many people were standing around watching with sympathy， but no one 　　　　　　to help him up.
④You 　　　　　　to get rid of the habit of drinking cola only.
3.情態動詞表示推測
（1）must表示有把握的推測，只用于肯定句中，意為“一定，肯定”。
I think we must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.
我覺得我們一定是在什么地方拐錯了路。
I’m sure that you must be concerned about Robert the moment you left for London.
我確信你一去倫敦就會很擔心羅伯特。
（2）can/could表示推測，意為“可能”，用于否定句和疑問句中。can比could語氣強。
He must be at home； he can’t still be in the office at such a late hour.
他一定在家，他這么晚一定不會在辦公室。
名師點津
can表示客觀可能性（理論上或是邏輯判斷上），意為“可能會”。
It can be rather hot in our hometown in March.
在我們家鄉三月份可能會很熱。
（3）may/might意為“可能，也許”，指可能性小的猜測。might比may語氣更不確定，表示的可能性更小。
He may be at home， but I am not sure.
他或許在家，但是我不確定。
I tell my mom that if we’re forced to eat things， we may become ill.
我告訴我媽媽，如果我們被迫吃東西，我們可能會生病。
（4）should表示推測，暗含很大的可能，意為“應該，理應”。
It’s 4：30.They should be in New York by now.
現在是四點半，他們應該到達紐約了。
【即時演練4】　用適當的情態動詞填空
①It is usually warm in winter in the south， but it 　　　　be cold and even have snow sometimes.
②I am sure that you 　　　　　　be very interested in the activities at the party.
③Jack 　　　　not be in the reading room now.Because I saw him in the office just now.
④According to the weather report， it 　　　　rain tomorrow.
4.情態動詞＋have done
（1）must have done表示對過去的肯定推測，意為“過去肯定……”。
It must have rained last night， for the road was quite wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了，因為路面十分潮濕。
（2）can’t/couldn’t have done表示對過去的否定推測，意為“過去不可能做了……”。
He couldn’t have known the decision， but someone told him.
他一定不知道這個決定，但是有人告訴他了。
（3）could have done意為“本來能夠做而沒做”。
You could have made greater progress， but you didn’t try your best.你本來能夠取得更大的進步，但是你并沒有盡全力。
（4）may/might （not） have done 意為“可能（沒有）做過某事”。
You may have lost your wallet when you were shopping in the market.
你或許是在市場買東西的時候丟了錢包。
（5）should （not）/ought （not） to have done意為“本來該做而沒做/本來不該做而做了”。
You should have come to school if you were really serious about your study.
要是你真的認真對待學習的話，你本應該來上學的。
（6）needn’t have done意為“本來不必做卻做了”。
You needn’t have telephoned him， for he had known the result.
你本不必打電話給他，因為他已經知道了結果。
【即時演練5】　完成句子
①It was an easy test and he 　　　　　　　　　　， but he didn’t.
那個測試很容易，他本來應該通過的，但卻沒有。
②She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， but I’m not sure.
她可能買了那本詞典，但我不確定。
③You 　　　　　　　　　　　　the Chongyang Festival， but it is actually my favourite.
你或許從沒聽說過重陽節，但實際上這是我最喜歡的節日。
④You 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， for the zoo is open to the public free of charge these days.
你本沒必要訂票的，因為這幾天動物園免費向公眾開放。
二、過去將來時
1.過去將來時的用法和基本結構
過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常用在賓語從句中。過去將來時的基本結構是“would＋動詞原形”，否定式是在would后加not。
Then， I realised something terrible would happen.
那時，我意識到糟糕的事情將要發生。
My brother told me that he would come back on Saturday.
我哥哥告訴我他周六回來。
2.過去將來時的其他表示方法
（1）“was/were going to＋動詞原形”表示過去將要發生或很有可能發生的動作，常用于口語中，表示預言、意圖或打算等。
I was going to play basketball， but in the end I went to the cinema.
我打算去打籃球，但是最后我去看電影了。
He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期開始工作。
（2）was/were about to do意為“剛要/正要做……”，常用來表示過去即將發生的動作，不與任何時間狀語連用。
When we were about to leave， the children waved their hands and thanked us for our kindness.我們正要離開的時候，孩子們揮舞著雙手，感謝我們的好意。
（3）start、 go、 come、 leave、 see、 meet等動詞可用過去進行時，表示就過去某一時刻而言即將發生的動作。
I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.
我剛穿上長大衣要去看我的一個朋友。
（4）was/were to do表示“曾計劃做某事”；如果表示“本來計劃做某事，但是沒實現”，則用was/were to have done。
Last night， my classmates and I heatedly discussed the trip our class were to take at the weekend.昨晚，我和同學們熱烈地討論了我們班計劃在周末進行的旅行。
【即時演練6】　單句語法填空
①She said the bus 　　　　　　　　（leave） at five the next morning.
②I wasn’t sure whether he 　　　　　　　（lend） me his book the next morning.
③At that time he did not know that quitting the job 　　　　　　　　　　（become） the turning point in his life.
④He said he 　　　　　　　　　　（visit） China the next week.
⑤In his introduction， he made it clear that our credit 　　　　　　　　（be） hard-earned.
intention n.打算；計劃；意圖；目的
【用法】
（1）with the intention of　 目的是…… have no intention of doing sth 無意做某事 （2）intend vt. 計劃；打算 intend to do sth 打算/想要做某事 （3）be intended to do ... 為了做…… be intended for ... 專門為……而設計的
【佳句】　He returned with the intention of spending New Year with his family.
他為了和家人共度新年而回來。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The 　　　　　　（intend） of the activity is to make us aware of the importance of environmental protection.
②I intend 　　　　（go） with you as I have great interest in the lecture about cultural differences.
【寫美】　完成句子
③The Chinese Summer Camp， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， is going to be held in our school.專門針對國際學生的中文夏令營將在我們學校舉辦。
in case 以防；以防萬一
【教材原句】　In case it happens to you on a trip abroad， what should you do？
如果你出國旅行時遇到這種情況，你該怎么辦？
【用法】
in case of　　　　　萬一；如果發生…… in this/that case 在這種/那種情況下 in any case 無論如何 in no case 決不（置于句首時，引起部分倒裝） as is often the case 這是常有的事
【佳句】　Aware of the mission， I made up my mind to return and get the work done in case of my father’s punishment.意識到這一使命，我下定決心回來完成工作，以防受到父親的懲罰。
【練透】　用case的相關短語填空
①　　　　　　　　　　　　， old people are fond of talking about good old days.
②　　　　　　 it rains， the sports meeting will be postponed till the first fine day.
【寫美】　完成句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the students from exploring new ideas.
我們決不能阻止學生對新想法進行探索。
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
（1）能力　請求　許可　禁止　意愿　義務和需要
（2）would＋do
即時演練1
①Could　②must　③can　④must　⑤can
即時演練2
①may/might　②Shall　③May　④should
即時演練3
①would　②will　③dared　④need
即時演練4
①can　②must　③can　④may
即時演練5
①should have passed　②may have bought the dictionary
③might have never heard of　④needn’t have booked the ticket
即時演練6
①was leaving　②would lend　③was to become
④was going to visit　⑤would be
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①intention　②to go　③which is intended for international students
2.①As is often the case　②In case　③In no case should we prevent
8 / 8(共101張PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
1
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
情態動詞和過去將來時
①Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a
month in London.
②Young man， would you step inside a moment， please？
③May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans
are？
④Well， you mustn’t worry about that.
⑤Now if you’ll excuse me， I ought to be on my way.
⑥The two gentlemen had been having a heated argument for a couple of
days， and had decided to make a bet which would settle their argument.
【我的發現】
（1）句①中的could 表示 ；句②中的would表示 ；
句③中的May表示 ；句④中的mustn’t表示 ；
句⑤中的will表示 ；ought to表示 。
（2）過去將來時的基本結構是 （如句⑥）。
能力　
請求　
許可　
禁止　
意愿　
義務和需要　
would＋do　
一、情態動詞
　情態動詞本身有一定的詞義，通常與動詞原形一起構成謂語，表示
說話人對某一動作或狀態的態度或主觀設想。
1. 基本特征
（1）在意義上，情態動詞有一定的詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，需
和實義動詞或系動詞一起作謂語。
（2）在形式上，情態動詞一般沒有人稱和數的變化（be able to、
have to 除外）。
（3）在用法上，情態動詞與助動詞一樣，其后需接動詞原形，構
成謂語動詞。
2. 情態動詞的主要表意功能
（1）can/could 的用法
①表示能力，意為“能，會”；could主要指過去的能力。
Everyone can play a part in reducing waste.
每個人都可以在減少浪費方面發揮作用。
You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
你可以使用下面的寫作練習來幫助你做到這一點。
②表示請求或許可。
當請求允許做某事時，兩者均可用，但could語氣更委婉。當
表示允許某人做某事時，一般要用can，而不用could。
—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning？
—Yes， you can.
——我明天早晨能用你的自行車嗎？
——是的，可以。
③表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度時，意為“怎么能，怎么會”，主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中，用could時語氣較委婉。
How can you stay so calm after such a hot argument？
在如此激烈的爭論之后，你怎么還能保持如此冷靜？
名師點津
can與be able to的區別：
（1）can只能用在一般現在時，而be able to可用于更多的時態。
He will be able to tell you the news soon.
他將能夠很快就告訴你這個消息。
（2）表示過去特定的能力或經過努力才具備的能力，只能用be able
to。
I talked with her for a long time， and finally I was able to make
her believe me.
我和她談了很長時間，最終，我讓她相信了我。
（2）must 的用法
表示現在或將來必須要做某事，多是出于義務、責任或強制命
令，指說話人的主觀意志。
We must promote our environmental awareness and behave
ourselves.
我們必須提高環保意識，并規范我們的行為。
（2023·全國甲卷）She teaches that people must take responsibility
for saving the environment.
她教育人們必須承擔拯救環境的責任。
名師點津
（1）回答must引出的問句時，如果是否定的回答，則不能用
mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must we hand in our English exercise books？
—Yes， you must.（No， you don’t have to./No， you
needn’t.）
——我們必須交英語練習冊嗎？
——是的，你必須要交。（不，你不必）。
（2）must用于疑問句中，可以用來表示責備、抱怨的感彩，意
為“偏要，硬要”。mustn’t的意思是“禁止”，而不是“不
必”。
Must you interrupt me now？Can’t you see I’m on the phone？
你非要現在打斷我嗎？難道你沒看見我在打電話嗎？
【即時演練1】　用適當的情態動詞填空
① you please be kind enough to tell me something about that？
②Life is full of choices， so we think clearly before making a
decision.
③I’m not a trained musician， but I’ve learnt to read music so
I help Maria in her performance.
④Tom， you not leave all your clothes on the floor like this！
⑤I sincerely hope you accept my invitation.
Could　
must　
can　
must　
can　
（3）may/might 的用法
①表示請求時，兩者都可用，只是might表示的語氣較委婉（但
并不表示過去）；表示許可時，通常要用may而不用might。
If it is convenient， may/might I pay you a visit at your office next
Tuesday？
如果方便的話，我可以下周二到辦公室拜訪你嗎？
②may表示祝福與愿望，多用于書面語中，構成“may＋you/名
詞＋動詞原形＋...”句型。
May you have a good journey！
祝你旅途愉快！
名師點津
“may well＋動詞原形”表示“很可能”；may/might as well do sth表
示“不妨做某事”。
He may well be surprised at the result.
他很可能會對這個結果感到意外。
To start with， you might as well learn to speak English.
首先，你最好學會說英語。
（4）shall 的用法
①shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中時，表示征求意見。
—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight？
—Don’t bother.I’ll drive her there.
——我要給Sarah訂今天晚上去機場的出租車嗎？
——不用麻煩了。我會開車送她去的。
②用于第二、三人稱的陳述句時，往往表示給對方（you）或第
三者（he、 she、 they）以允諾、命令、決心、警告或威脅等，
在法律、條約、協定等文件中可以表示義務、規定等。
You shall fail if you don’t work harder.
如果你不再努力點兒，你就會失敗。（警告）
Each citizen shall carry his ID card when travelling.
旅游時每個市民務必帶上身份證。（規定）
（5）should/ought to 的用法
①ought to和should意為“應該”，ought to表示義務或責任，比
should語氣重。
I should help her because she is in trouble.
她遇到麻煩了，我應該幫助她。
②表示勸告、建議和命令。should、 ought to可通用，但在疑問
句中常用should。
You should/ought to go to class right away in case you are late.
你應該立刻去上課，以免遲到。
③should表示驚訝、贊嘆或不滿，意為“竟然”。
It’s strange that he should speak to his mother in such a rude manner.
真奇怪，他竟然用這樣粗魯的態度跟他的母親說話。
【即時演練2】　用適當的情態動詞填空
①You as well walk outside with your friends or take some
exercise.
② we go there together this Friday afternoon？
③ you have a pleasant journey home and welcome to China
again.
④I have realised that I be responsible for not only myself，
but also for the society.
may/might　
Shall　
May　
should　
（6）will/would 的用法
①will表示“意愿，意志”，would表示過去時間的“意愿，意志”。
I promise I will do my best to provide best service for the City
Games.
我許諾我會盡最大努力為城市運動會提供最好的服務。
I told her to stop crying， but she just wouldn’t listen.
我告訴她別哭，但是她不愿意聽。
②表示征求意見或提出請求，主要用于第二人稱的疑問句
中，will和would均可用，would此時不表示過去，而是表示
委婉語氣。
If I send back the wrong shoes， will your company pay for the
postage？
如果我把有問題的鞋發回去，你們公司可以付郵費嗎？
③will表示某種傾向或習慣性動作，意為“總會，老是”；
would表示過去反復發生的動作或過去的一種傾向。
Fish will die without water.
沒有水，魚會死去。
During the vacation， he would visit me every other day.
在假期中，他每隔一天來看我一次。
名師點津
would與used to的區別：
（1）would表示過去經常性且反復發生的動作，沒有與現在對比
的含義。
When we were young， we would go swimming every summer.
當我們小的時候，我們每年夏天都會去游泳。
（2）used to表示過去經常發生的動作或存在的狀態，且現在已終
止，強調今昔對比。
People used to believe that the Earth was flat.
過去，人們總以為地球是扁平的。（現在已不再這樣認為）
（7）need/dare 的用法
①need表示必要性，意為“需要”，dare意為“敢于”；need和
dare作情態動詞時，常用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中，無人稱
和數的變化，疑問句和否定句中不加助動詞。
You needn’t come here this afternoon.
你今天下午不必來這里。
How dare you say I’m unfair？
你怎么敢說我不公平？
②need和dare用作實義動詞時，有詞形變化。在否定句、疑問句
中要加助動詞。
You don’t need to hurry.You have enough time.
你不必著急。你有足夠的時間。
He doesn’t dare （to） answer.
他不敢回答。
Do you need a dictionary？
你需要一本詞典嗎？
How did you dare （to） tell her？
你怎么敢告訴她了？
①He go to the river nearby to fish on weekends when he
was young.
②—Sorry， I forgot to tell John about your party.
—It doesn’t matter.I call him in a while.
would　
will　
【即時演練3】　用適當的情態動詞填空
③Many people were standing around watching with sympathy， but
no one to help him up.
④You to get rid of the habit of drinking cola only.
dared　
need　
3. 情態動詞表示推測
（1）must表示有把握的推測，只用于肯定句中，意為“一定，肯
定”。
I think we must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.
我覺得我們一定是在什么地方拐錯了路。
I’m sure that you must be concerned about Robert the moment
you left for London.
我確信你一去倫敦就會很擔心羅伯特。
（2）can/could表示推測，意為“可能”，用于否定句和疑問句
中。can比could語氣強。
He must be at home； he can’t still be in the office at such a
late hour.
他一定在家，他這么晚一定不會在辦公室。
名師點津
can表示客觀可能性（理論上或是邏輯判斷上），意為“可能會”。
It can be rather hot in our hometown in March.
在我們家鄉三月份可能會很熱。
（3）may/might意為“可能，也許”，指可能性小的猜測。might比
may語氣更不確定，表示的可能性更小。
He may be at home， but I am not sure.
他或許在家，但是我不確定。
I tell my mom that if we’re forced to eat things， we may become ill.
我告訴我媽媽，如果我們被迫吃東西，我們可能會生病。
（4）should表示推測，暗含很大的可能，意為“應該，理應”。
It’s 4：30.They should be in New York by now.
現在是四點半，他們應該到達紐約了。
【即時演練4】　用適當的情態動詞填空
①It is usually warm in winter in the south， but it be cold
and even have snow sometimes.
②I am sure that you be very interested in the activities at
the party.
③Jack not be in the reading room now.Because I saw him
in the office just now.
④According to the weather report， it rain tomorrow.
can　
must　
can　
may　
4. 情態動詞＋have done
（1）must have done表示對過去的肯定推測，意為“過去肯
定……”。
It must have rained last night， for the road was quite wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了，因為路面十分潮濕。
（2）can’t/couldn’t have done表示對過去的否定推測，意為“過
去不可能做了……”。
He couldn’t have known the decision， but someone told him.
他一定不知道這個決定，但是有人告訴他了。
（3）could have done意為“本來能夠做而沒做”。
You could have made greater progress， but you didn’t try
your best.
你本來能夠取得更大的進步，但是你并沒有盡全力。
（4）may/might （not） have done 意為“可能（沒有）做過某事”。
You may have lost your wallet when you were shopping in the
market.
你或許是在市場買東西的時候丟了錢包。
（5）should （not）/ought （not） to have done意為“本來該做而
沒做/本來不該做而做了”。
You should have come to school if you were really serious about
your study.
要是你真的認真對待學習的話，你本應該來上學的。
（6）needn’t have done意為“本來不必做卻做了”。
You needn’t have telephoned him， for he had known the result.
你本不必打電話給他，因為他已經知道了結果。
【即時演練5】　完成句子
①It was an easy test and he ， but he didn’t.
那個測試很容易，他本來應該通過的，但卻沒有。
②She ， but I’m not sure.
她可能買了那本詞典，但我不確定。
③You the Chongyang Festival， but it is
actually my favourite.
你或許從沒聽說過重陽節，但實際上這是我最喜歡的節日。
④You ， for the zoo is open to the
public free of charge these days.
你本沒必要訂票的，因為這幾天動物園免費向公眾開放。
should have passed　
may have bought the dictionary　
might have never heard of　
needn’t have booked the ticket　
二、過去將來時
1. 過去將來時的用法和基本結構
過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作或存在的狀
態，常用在賓語從句中。過去將來時的基本結構是“would＋動詞
原形”，否定式是在would后加not。
Then， I realised something terrible would happen.
那時，我意識到糟糕的事情將要發生。
My brother told me that he would come back on Saturday.
我哥哥告訴我他周六回來。
2. 過去將來時的其他表示方法
（1）“was/were going to＋動詞原形”表示過去將要發生或很有可
能發生的動作，常用于口語中，表示預言、意圖或打算等。
I was going to play basketball， but in the end I went to the
cinema.
我打算去打籃球，但是最后我去看電影了。
He was going to start work the following week.
他打算下星期開始工作。
（2）was/were about to do意為“剛要/正要做……”，常用來表示
過去即將發生的動作，不與任何時間狀語連用。
When we were about to leave， the children waved their hands
and thanked us for our kindness.
我們正要離開的時候，孩子們揮舞著雙手，感謝我們的好意。
（3）start、 go、 come、 leave、 see、 meet等動詞可用過去進行
時，表示就過去某一時刻而言即將發生的動作。
I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.
我剛穿上長大衣要去看我的一個朋友。
（4）was/were to do表示“曾計劃做某事”；如果表示“本來計劃
做某事，但是沒實現”，則用was/were to have done。
Last night， my classmates and I heatedly discussed the trip our
class were to take at the weekend.
昨晚，我和同學們熱烈地討論了我們班計劃在周末進行的
旅行。
【即時演練6】　單句語法填空
①She said the bus （leave） at five the next morning.
②I wasn’t sure whether he （lend） me his book the
next morning.
③At that time he did not know that quitting the job
（become） the turning point in his life.
④He said he （visit） China the next week.
⑤In his introduction， he made it clear that our credit
（be） hard-earned.
was leaving　
would lend　
was to become　
was going to visit　
would be　
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
intention n.打算；計劃；意圖；目的
【用法】
（1）with the intention of　　目的是……
have no intention of doing sth　　無意做某事
（2）intend vt.　　計劃；打算
intend to do sth　　打算/想要做某事
（3）be intended to do ...　　為了做……
be intended for ...　　專門為……而設計的
【佳句】　He returned with the intention of spending New Year with his
family.
他為了和家人共度新年而回來。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The （intend） of the activity is to make us aware of the
importance of environmental protection.
②I intend （go） with you as I have great interest in the lecture
about cultural differences.
intention　
to go　
【寫美】　完成句子
③The Chinese Summer Camp，
， is going to be held in our school.
專門針對國際學生的中文夏令營將在我們學校舉辦。
which is intended for international
students　
in case 以防；以防萬一
【教材原句】　In case it happens to you on a trip abroad， what should
you do？
如果你出國旅行時遇到這種情況，你該怎么辦？
【用法】
in case of　　　　萬一；如果發生……
in this/that case　　在這種/那種情況下
in any case　　無論如何
in no case　　決不（置于句首時，引起部分倒裝）
as is often the case　　這是常有的事
【佳句】　Aware of the mission， I made up my mind to return and get
the work done in case of my father’s punishment.
意識到這一使命，我下定決心回來完成工作，以防受到父親的懲罰。
【練透】　用case的相關短語填空
① ， old people are fond of talking about good old
days.
② it rains， the sports meeting will be postponed till the first
fine day.
As is often the case　
In case　
【寫美】　完成句子
③ the students from exploring new
ideas.
我們決不能阻止學生對新想法進行探索。
In no case should we prevent　
3
課時檢測 · 提能力
培育學科素養
維度一：基礎題型練
　　用適當的情態動詞或所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. When he was young， he climb the small hill every
morning.
2. If you can pass the driving test， you get a new car.
3. She have been caught in the heavy traffic.If so， she
won’t arrive here by five o’clock.
would　
shall　
may/might　
4. I have reached a point in my career where I to decide which
way to go.
5. The report is written after careful investigation.So it be
reliable.
6. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniforms
while at school.
7. It is not a problem whether we win the battle； it’s just a
matter of time.
8. He said that if it didn’t rain he （go） to the park.
need　
should　
shall　
can　
would go　
9. Despite all our efforts to persuade him， he still not change
his mind to quit his job.
10. Adapting to a new culture can be difficult.However， you
to step out of your comfort zone.
would　
need　
維度二：語法與寫作
1. I was annoyed at him because he
himself.
我很生他的氣，因為他本應該好好照顧自己的。
2. Earlier this week， he told me he London.
這星期早些時候他對我說他要去倫敦。
3. She ， because she wears a bright smile
on her face.
她一定贏了這場比賽，因為她臉上掛著燦爛的笑容。
should have taken good care of　
was leaving for　
must have won the game　
4. We were told that the plane in ten minutes.
我們被告知飛機十分鐘后就要起飛了。
5. I still remember my happy childhood when my grandma
at weekends.
我仍然記得我快樂的童年，在周末我奶奶常常帶我去公園。
6. He said he would leave tomorrow.He
so early.
他說他明天離開。他不可能這么早就退房了。
was taking off　
would take
me to the park　
couldn’t have checked out　
維度三：語法填空
　　用適當的情態動詞完成下面短文。
　　Miss Fang 1. （not） read for very long with her eyes
hurt.Her mother told her that she 2. go to hospital and see a
doctor.“You 3. see a doctor as soon as possible，” her
mother said.“You 4. have poor eyesight.”
　　When Miss Fang had free time， she went to hospital.The clerk said
that the doctor 5. see her at 3：30 p.m.
couldn’t　
should　
should　
may/might　
could　
　　Miss Fang replied that she 6. not be able to be there at 3：
30 p.m.because she had a class then.“The doctor 7. see
you at about ten to four，” the clerk suggested.“8. I arrange
the examination at about ten to four， or 9. you rather come
tomorrow？”
　　Miss Fang thought she 10. （not） waste any more
time.The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she asked for permission to
leave the class a little earlier， as he was always so kind to everyone.And
she replied， “I think I 11. make it at about ten to four.”
would　
may/might　
Shall　
would　
shouldn’t　
can　
　　Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，
“12. I leave at 3：45 p.m.today？ My eyes hurt
and I 13. have an eye examination.” As expected， the teacher
said， “Yes， of course you 14. .”
May/Can/Could　
must　
can/may　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·徐州高一下期末）The habit of thrift （節儉） was acquired
by every one of Father’s family.In all his life， he never gave me a
nickel.As a boy， I did not approve of his policy.He never lost an
opportunity to tell me where and when I could earn some money.As a
result of his warning， I frequently worked for neighbours with the
understanding that I was to have every penny I earned.Father rarely
borrowed from my savings.When he did，
he never failed to keep his promise for payment.He never offered any
advice， unless asked， as to how I was to invest my earnings.If I
invested and lost， he remarked， “This is part of your experience.Live
and learn.”I thought then that he was unpleasant and unsympathetic.I
know better now.
　　Today we have “thrift days” and all sorts of devices for
encouraging economy.To be frank about the matter， we have given up
the very core of thrift.By that I mean the earning factor.In Father’s
view， earning was a necessity.Someone has said that desire and necessity
are the dynamic forces in social progress.Wealthy parents continue to hope
against hope in their attempt to encourage thrift as a habit.In every middle
school， college and university， the students who experience work are
the only ones who really know the meaning of thrift.
　　A progressive doctrine of thrift involves earning， saving and
spending.This cannot be taught in the classroom.Thrift is not a lone
virtue； it is vitally related to all the other fundamental virtues.My habit
of thrift gives me a strong hatred for waste.Millions of people in the world
suffer from the lack of necessary food， clothing and shelter.The waste of
the rich would， if put into use， meet the need of millions in poverty.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者小時候就養成了節儉的習
慣，他認識到節儉是一種美德，那些通過勤工儉學的學生對節儉的
生活有著深刻的認識。作者希望富人們減少浪費，幫助世界上千千
萬萬的窮困人民。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者小時候就養成了節儉的習
慣，他認識到節儉是一種美德，那些通過勤工儉學的學生對節儉的
生活有著深刻的認識。作者希望富人們減少浪費，幫助世界上千千
萬萬的窮困人民。
1. Why did the author have to work when he was young？（　　）
A. His father never gave him a nickel.
B. His father urged him to earn money on his own.
C. He had the desire to earn money on his own.
D. His father often borrowed money from his savings.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的He never lost an
opportunity to tell me where and when I could earn some money.可
知，作者的父親總是不失時機地告訴他在哪里以及何時可以賺到
錢，也就是說，作者的父親經常督促他獨立工作去掙錢。
2. What is the author’s understanding of his father’s remark now？
（　　）
A. His father didn’t care about his investment.
B. Going through failure before you finally succeed.
C. His father was angry when he failed in investment.
D. It is natural that one should fail at the beginning.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的Live and learn.和I know
better now.可知，作者對父親的這番話有了更好的理解，即從失敗
中獲得教訓，最后一定會取得成功。
3. What is the core of thrift according to the author？（　　）
A. Working and earning.
B. Desire and necessity.
C. Living in a simple way with little money.
D. Making use of everything and never wasting.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的By that I mean the earning
factor.可知，作者舉了學生勤工儉學的例子說明節儉的核心在于通
過勞動獲得收入。
4. Why does the author mention the people in poverty in the last
paragraph？（　　）
A. To advocate the virtue of thrift.
B. To tell us that thrift can get rid of poverty.
C. To call on the wealthy to help the poor.
D. To call on the rich to stop wasting things.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，作者認為如
果把富人們浪費的東西充分利用起來，就可以滿足大量窮人的需
求。由此推斷，作者呼吁富人停止浪費，這樣就可以拯救無數在窮
困中掙扎的人。
B
　　（2024·山東六校高一下聯考）An Atlanta mother is making her
kids work hard for their money.Instead of giving them an allowance，
Shaketha Marion McGregor is giving them actual job titles and duties.Her
innovative idea that she posted on Facebook has been shared over 114，
000 times.
　　In a selfie， the mother of three showed that she was now “hiring”
for three positions：laundry supervisor， lead housekeeper and kitchen
manager for her company called “This Mom Means Business”.The
photo also showed that she would be holding interviews for these jobs.The
applicants？Her three kids： Jahkeem， 13， Takeia， 10， and
Serinity， 6.
　　McGregor said the interviews went smoothly.To her surprise， the
youngest was the most professional.“Jahkeem almost laughed the entire
time， which caused me to laugh a lot， too.It was tons of fun.His only
questions were， ‘How much do I get paid？How often do I get paid？
And do I have to pay tax？’”
　　The kids have been handling the responsibilities of their new job
duties pretty well so far， though it has only been about a week.McGregor
says they’re anxiously awaiting their first paycheck.The mother said she
came up with the idea after she had to replace a lot of items she lost during
a tragedy.“We lost a lot of things last year in a house fire and I’ve been
really working hard to recover the things that we need，” McGregor
said.“And my kids continued to ask for things that they want so I figured
it would be best to have them earn it.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一位母親為了培養孩子們的理財
觀，給他們實際的職務和職責，讓他們通過付出勞動來賺取所需。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一位母親為了培養孩子們的理財觀，
給他們實際的職務和職責，讓他們通過付出勞動來賺取所需之物。
5. Why does the Atlanta mother conduct interviews？（　　）
A. To hire some people for her company.
B. To reduce her own pressure from work.
C. To let her kids earn money through labour.
D. To help her kids know how to save money.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段可知，這位母親讓她的孩
子們努力工作來賺錢，所以她舉辦面試是為了讓她的孩子們通
過勞動賺錢。
6. What do we know from the photo mentioned in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. The way the kids do their duties.
B. The positions that may be applied for.
C. How the kids get along with each other.
D. How the kids compete for the jobs.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的In a selfie， the mother of
three showed that she was now “hiring” for three positions：laundry
supervisor， lead housekeeper and kitchen manager可知，這張自拍照
展示了孩子們可以應聘的職位。
7. Who performed best in the interview？（　　）
A. Takeia. B. Shaketha.
C. Jahkeem. D. Serinity.
解析：　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的To her surprise， the
youngest was the most professional.可知，在面試過程中，最小的孩
子是最專業的，Serinity最小，所以Serinity在面試中表現最佳。
8. What happened to the family？（　　）
A. They suffered a fire.
B. They lost their home.
C. The father died in a tragedy.
D. They moved to a new city.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的We lost a lot of things
last year in a house fire可知，McGregor家里因為一場大火損失了很
多東西，所以McGregor家曾遭受過大火。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　（2024·重慶高一下月考）Thomas Edison once said，“There are
three types of people： There are those who think.There are those who
think they think.And then there are those who would rather die than
think.”
　　The great majority of people go through life without giving much
thought to who they are and how they got to where they are today.9.
（　　）， like a series of random events， with no explanations and few
connections between them.
　　But the fact is that your world is largely created by the thoughts you
think， and the things that you do as a result of your thinking.10.
（　　）.When you change your thinking， you change your life.
　　Your thought is creative.You determine what happens to you by the
thoughts you think， especially those thoughts that are charged with
emotion， either positive or negative.Your thoughts are like the computer
in a guided missile （導彈）.11.（　　）.
　　In a 2002 study at the University of Pennsylvania， 350，000 people
were interviewed to find out what they thought about most of the time.It
turned out that the top 10 percent， the happiest and most successful of
this group， thought about two things most of the time： what they
wanted and how to get it.12.（　　）.
　　The more that successful people thought about what they wanted and
how to get it， the more ideas and insights came to them.13.（　　），
which moved them faster and faster towards their goals.When they
achieved their goals， they felt happier， more motivated， and eager to
set even bigger and more challenging goals.
　　The foundation principle of all religions， philosophy，
psychology， and success is this： You become what you think about most
of the time.
A. As a result， life just happens to them
B. They lead you correctly to your target
C. Decide upon something that you really want
D. You will eventually become what you think about
E. These ideas motivated them to take even more actions
F. They thought about their goals and the actions they could take
G. When you improve your thinking， you improve your actions and
results
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。我們常聽到一句名言：“我思故我
在。”作者認為，我們每時每刻的所思所想，會最終決定我們成為
什么樣的人。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。我們常聽到一句名言：“我思故我
在。”作者認為，我們每時每刻的所思所想，會最終決定我們成為
什么樣的人。
9. A　上文指出：我們生活中大多人渾渾噩噩、很少思考，這樣的結
果自然是漫無目的、隨波逐流。故A項符合語境。
10. G　下句When you change your thinking， you change your life.暗
示我們G項符合語境，正好與其構成并列句。
11. B　上句指出：你的思想就像導彈里的計算機。計算機應該是為
導彈確定目標，我們的思想則是為我們的人生確定目標。故B項符合
語境，B項中的They指代上句中提到的Your thoughts。
12. F　上文介紹了2002年賓夕法尼亞大學的一項研究，受訪者有35萬
人，關注點是他們大多數時候在想什么。故F項符合語境。
13. E　上句指出：成功人士對他們想要什么以及如何得到它想得越
多，他們就會有更多的想法和見解。故E項符合語境，E項中的These
ideas正好與上句中的more ideas相呼應。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　I always come across random acts of kindness in my life.Many years
ago， I was visiting Costa Rica when I found myself in a（n） 　14　
situation： my credit cards and bank cards went out of 　15　 abroad，
and I only had$5 to my name.
　　I had no way to get money.I didn’t know anybody in this country.I
only knew basic Spanish， and besides the cash the only possession I had
was a return ticket to my country in almost two 　16　.Back then， there
was no such thing as mobile phones， and 　17　 email was very
limited.To find help， I decided to go to the 　18　.With the only coins I
had， I headed to the bus terminal （終點站）， which 　19　 almost
the exact amount.About 4 hours later， I arrived at a village called Santa
Rosa Abajo.
　　I knocked door to door， 　20　 in my very poor Spanish that I was
a foreigner travelling in Costa Rica with no money but I 　21　 to stay
here for over ten days.I begged them for a 　22　 — such as cooking，
cleaning and looking after their kids.Everybody replied， “Oh my， but
so poor are we that we have no 　23　 food or space.Maybe you can try
the next 　24　.” And they’d point me to another house.
　　 　25　， I arrived at a Chinese restaurant.The owner of the
restaurant was very 　26　.She gave me food and called the Red Cross to
come to rescue me.With the 　27　 of the Red Cross， I spent my
remaining days in Costa Rica.
　　This is one of the best trips I’ve ever had， because I realised that
when you’re in a position to be able to 　28　 help， it actually makes
you feel happy.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在哥斯達黎加無法使用信用卡
和銀行卡，身上也沒有多少現金，只好尋求幫助，最后終于在一家
中餐廳老板的幫助下，成功度過了在哥斯達黎加剩下的日子。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在哥斯達黎加無法使用信用卡
和銀行卡，身上也沒有多少現金，只好尋求幫助，最后終于在一家
中餐廳老板的幫助下，成功度過了在哥斯達黎加剩下的日子。
14. A. unusual B. confusing
C. awkward D. strange
解析：　根據下文可知，作者面臨著一個尷尬的情形。
15. A. use B. fashion
C. control D. business
解析：　根據下文abroad， and I only had 5 to my name可知，作者當時在國外，因此不能使用銀行卡和信用卡，只有5美元現金可用。
16. A. hours B. days
C. weeks D. months
解析：　根據下文可推知，作者差不多還要在哥斯達黎加停留
兩周。
17. A. again B. even C. yet D. so
解析：　根據語境可知，此處用“甚至連電子郵件也非常有
限”來突出當時作者所處的艱難局面——無法求助國內的人。
18. A. city B. capital
C. town D. countryside
解析：　根據下文About 4 hours later， I arrived at a village called
Santa Rosa Abajo.可知，作者去了農村尋求幫助。
19. A. created B. earned
C. saved D. cost
解析：　此處是指買票去農村幾乎花光了作者身上所有的錢。
20. A. explaining B. suggesting
C. apologising D. shouting
解析：　根據下文可知，這是作者敲當地村民的門時，向村民
們解釋自己的情況。
21. A. managed B. needed
C. failed D. agreed
解析：　根據下文可知，作者需要在哥斯達黎加待十多天，因
此懇求幫村民工作，以此換取現金。
22. A. job B. meal C. room D. chance
解析：　根據下文such as cooking， cleaning and looking after
their kids可知，此處是指作者懇求幫村民工作來換取現金。
23. A. extra B. free C. fine D. basic
解析：　根據上文so poor are we可知，村民都很窮，沒有額外
的食物或者住的地方。
24. A. time B. village
C. family D. thing
解析：　根據下文And they’d point me to another house.可推
知，村民說完后，指著另外一戶人家，讓作者去試試。
25. A. Luckily B. Naturally
C. Clearly D. Finally
解析：　根據上文作者向村民求助無果可知，此處是指作者最
后來到了一家中餐廳。
26. A. generous B. rich
C. outgoing D. confident
解析：　根據下文She gave me food and called the Red Cross to
come to rescue me.可知，中餐廳的老板非常慷慨。
27. A. help B. comfort
C. hope D. encouragement
解析：　根據上文中餐廳的老板給紅十字會打電話和下文I spent
my remaining days in Costa Rica可知，有了紅十字會的幫助，作者
度過了在哥斯達黎加剩下的日子。
28. A. need B. receive C. refuse D. give
解析：　根據上文作者的經歷可知，此處指的是處于被幫助的
處境，即接受幫助的處境也會讓人很快樂。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Carbon pricing （碳定價） is a policy tool to lower emissions of
carbon dioxide （CO2） and other greenhouse gases.Emissions are
produced when fossil fuels 29. 　　 （burn）.These emissions are the
main cause of climate change， 30. 　　 （result） in flooding， sea-
level rise， drought， heatwaves， and other costs to society.
　　The goal of carbon pricing 31. 　　 （be） to shift the responsibility
for these costs to those who produce the emissions.32. 　　 producers and
consumers have to pay for each ton of CO2 they emit， they have an
economic incentive （動機） 33. 　　 （shift） away from fossil fuels，
improve their energy efficiency， and invest in low-carbon technology.
　　In theory， a carbon price should be equal to the social cost of
carbon.For example， if one ton of CO2 emissions costs the public
$100， 34. 　　 should cost $100 to emit that ton of CO2.However， that
price is very hard to determine， so often carbon prices are instead set at
levels 35. 　　 policymakers think will help them meet certain emission or
temperature targets.
　　Many economists and policymakers consider carbon pricing one of
the best available 36. 　　 （tool） to fight against climate
change.That’s because carbon pricing can touch every part of the
economy.Rather than regulating 37. 　　 （exact） where and how
emissions should be reduced， carbon pricing gives markets the flexibility
to find the 38. 　　 （cheap） possible ways to lower emissions.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。為了控制碳排放，世界上很多國家
開始實施“碳定價”。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。為了控制碳排放，世界上很多國家
開始實施“碳定價”。
29. are burned　考查動詞的時態和語態。這里表示化石燃料“被燃
燒”，因此用一般現在時的被動語態。
30. resulting　考查非謂語動詞。這里是動詞-ing形式作狀語，表示一
種結果。
31. is　考查動詞的時態。根據上下文可知，這里應用一般現在時。
32. When/If　考查連詞。根據語境可知，這里應用從屬連詞When或If
引導該狀語從句。
33. to shift　考查非謂語動詞。這里應用動詞不定式作后置定語，修
飾前面的名詞incentive。
34. it　考查代詞。這里it作形式主語，后面的動詞不定式短語作真正
主語。
35. that/which　考查定語從句。這里應用關系代詞that或which引導一
個定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞 levels。
36. tools　考查名詞的單復數。one of后面應用可數名詞的復數形式。
37. exactly　考查副詞。本空前面是一個動詞，因此這里應用副
詞形式。
38. cheapest　考查形容詞的最高級。“the＋最高級＋possible”是一
種固定用法。例如：the best/biggest/fastest possible。
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