資源簡介

(共24張PPT)
單詞是基礎；語法是主線；記憶和練習是提高英語的唯一方法。
時態和語態
動作時間
動作狀態
時態
將來時
過去時
現在時
完成體
進行體
一般體
謂語動詞的五種基本形式（以do為例）
1.動詞原形
2.動詞的第三人稱單數形式
3.動詞的過去式形式
4.動詞的現在分詞形式
5.動詞的過去分詞形式
do
does
did
doing
done
1. 一般現在時
意義：經常發生，普遍存在的行為、動作或狀態
構成：be（is/am/are）
實義動詞（動詞原形、-s/es）
e.g. We plant 300 trees every year.
時間狀語：“every+n. often always sometimes”
被動：is/am/are+done
300 trees are planted by us every year.
2. 一般過去時
意義：某一動作發生在過去
構成：be（was/were）
實義動詞（規則-ed/d 或 不規則）
e.g. We planted 300 trees last year.
時間狀語：yesterday, last month, at the age of 5, just now
被動：was/were+done
300 trees were planted by us last year.
3. 現在進行時
意義：目前、現在、或最近一段時間正在發生的為動作或狀態
構成：is/am/are+V-ing
e.g. We are learning English now.
時間狀語：now, at the moment, at present, right now, look, listen
被動：be being done
English is being learnt by us now.
4. 過去進行時
意義：在過去的某一具體時間內，某動作正在發生
構成：was/were+V-ing
e.g. I was walking my dog at 8 o’clock last night.
時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at 8 last night
被動：was/were being done
My dog was being walked by me at 8 o’clock last night.
5. 一般將來時
意義：某一動作在未來的某個時候發生
構成：will do
be（is/am/are） going to do
e.g. We will take many exams in the next 3 years.
時間狀語：after 3 days, in the future, next Monday
被動：will be done
be going to be done
Many exams will be taken by us in the next 3 years.
6. 過去將來時
意義：以過去某一時間為起點，將要發生的行為、動作或狀態
構成：would do
was/were going to do
e.g. He would plant 1000 trees in 2028.
時間狀語：the following month, the next Friday, the next year
被動：would be done
was/were going to be done
1000 trees would be planted by him in 2028.
He said that he would plant 1000 trees in 2028.
7. 現在完成時
意義：過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的結果或影響
構成：have/has done
e.g. We have learnt 300 words in the last 10 days.
時間狀語：already, ever, never, just, yet, so far, recently, lately, up to now, until now, since, for, over/in/during the last/past years
被動：have/has been done
300 words have been learnt by us in the last 10 days.
8. 過去完成時
意義：某一動作發生在過去的過去
構成：had done
e.g. He had planted 300 trees.
時間狀語：3 days earlier/before, by the end of +過去時間
被動：had been done
300 trees had been planted by him.
He said that he had planted 300 trees.
情態動詞的被動語態
構成：情態動詞+動詞原形
e.g. I can see a red flag over the blackboard.
被動：情態動詞+be done
A red flag can be seen by me over the blackboard.
[系統歸納]
時態 現在完成時 過去完成時
謂語形式 have/has done had done
用法 ①到現在為止已發生或完成且對現在有影響 ②從過去某一時刻一直延續到現在 ③用于特定句型中，如It is (has been) + 一段時間 + since 從句 This (That/It) is the first (second...) time that + 主語 + 現在完成時 ①到過去某一時刻之前已完成，即過去的過去，常和by the end of搭配
②從過去某一時刻一直延續到另一個過去時間
Part 3　完成時態
時間狀語 already, just, yet, lately, recently, in the last/past few days/months/years, up to now, till now, so far，“since＋時間點”，“for＋時間段”等 before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time等
續表
過去完成時要點分析
常用過去完成時的幾種情況
①在 by, by the end of, by the time, until, before, since 后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句的句子中。
By the end of last year, we had remembered 2,000 words.
The train had just left before we reached the railway station.
②表示未曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected 等或用上述動詞的過去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped / planned ... + to have done。
We had planned to finish the work in advance, but we were held up by a heavy traffic jam.
③“時間名詞 +before”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時；“時間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去時。
He told me that his father had died at least 10 years before.
He left school five years ago.
④在 hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ...句式中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時，表示“一……就……”。當hardly, scarcely, no sooner 置于句首時，其后要用部分倒裝。
She had hardly had time to sit and have a rest when the phone rang again.
= Hardly had she had time to sit and have a rest when the phone rang again.
常用于過去完成時的固定句型：
1.在hardly/scarcely ... when ...，no sooner ... than ... 句型結構中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。意思為“一……就……”。
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家就開始下雨。
2.It was＋一段時間＋since從句。since從句用過去完成時。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我離開北京至少有三個月了。
3.It was the first/second/ ... time＋(that)從句。從句用過去完成時。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.這是我第一次用英語在網上聊天。
4.By the time ...起連詞的功能，引導從句，(表示過去時間的句子)＋主句(過去完成時)。
By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.到十歲的時候，湯姆已經自己建了一個化學實驗室。
1．語法一致
(1)主語為單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式；反之，謂語動詞用復數形式。
(2)“many a＋單數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
(3)由and或both ...and ...連接并列名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。
Part 5　主謂一致
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
(4)主語后接with, along with, together with, like, except, but, besides, as well as, including, no less than等詞或短語時，謂語動詞的單復數形式與主語保持一致。
(5)one, everyone, each one, each ...and ...作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
(6)不定代詞either, neither 和由every-， some-， no-， any-等構成的復合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。(none后的謂語動詞根據情況可用單數，也可用復數)
I, together with my mother, like playing football.
2．意義一致
(1)由and連接的兩個名詞作主語，如果主語是同一個人、同一件事或同一個概念(and后面無冠詞)，則謂語動詞用單數形式。
(2)family, class, group, team, company 等集體名詞作主語時，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數形式；如果表示其中的成員，謂語動詞用復數形式。
Her teacher and her friends are on holiday.
她的老師和朋友們都在度假中。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
這位詩人兼作家寫出了許多作品。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
這個班由25個男生和20個女生組成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班學生都在做實驗。
(3)police (警察)，people等形式上是單數，但通常被用作復數意義，謂語動詞用復數形式。
(4)blind, old, young, poor, rich 等形容詞與the連用，表示一類人，在意義上是復數，謂語動詞用復數形式。
(5)news, maths, physics, politics(政治)等詞的形式是以-s結尾，但意義上是單數，作主語時謂語動詞用單數形式。
(6)表示時間、距離、重量、金錢的名詞作主語，通常被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。
(7)“the＋姓氏名詞的復數形式”表示“某夫婦/一家人”。作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance.
三千英里是一段很長的距離。
3．就近一致
(1)there be句型或here be句型中有并列主語時，謂語動詞be在數上與最近的主語保持一致。
(2)由either ...or(或者……或者)，neither ...nor(既不……也不，兩者都不)，not only ... but also(不但……而且), or (或者), whether ...or(是……還是), not ...but (不是……而是)等連接的并列名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數形式與最近的主語保持一致。

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