資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
維度一：基礎題型練
　　用適當?shù)年P系詞填空。
1.We have entered into an age 　　　　　　almost everything can be done on the Internet.
2.Nobody knows the reason 　　　　　　she didn’t accept the invitation.
3.We went through a period 　　　　　　communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
4.We visited the car factory 　　　　　　my uncle once worked three years ago.
5.This is the factory 　　　　　　I visited last year.
6.I’ll always remember the days 　　　　　　I spent with villagers in the mountains.
7.This is the place 　　　　　　the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
8.I don’t know the reason for 　　　　　　the athlete gave up halfway through the competition.
9.I’ll never forget the day 　　　　　　we celebrated your birthday with a surprise party.
10.I’ll never forget the time 　　　　　　we spent together in the army camp.
11.They have reached the stage 　　　　　　they are going to get married.
12.He is a teacher with rich experience， from 　　　　　　we can learn a lot.
13.The film in 　　　　　　he played the leading role was a great success.
14.I wanted to find someone 　　　　　　whom I could share my travel experience.
15.We have come to a point 　　　　　　everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
維度二：用定語從句合并句子
1.The man is in the next room. You are talking about the man.
→The man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is in the next room.
2.My hometown has taken on a new look. I spent most of my childhood there.
→My hometown 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　has taken on a new look.
3.We paid a visit to the coffee shop last summer. A writer wrote his famous book in the coffee shop.
→Last summer we paid a visit to the coffee shop 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.I don’t know the reason. He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday for the reason.
→I don’t know the reason 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.I joined the organisation on that day. I will never forget the day.
→I will never forget the day 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
維度三：語法與寫作
　　根據(jù)漢語提示完成下面語段，盡可能地運用定語從句。
Dear Tom，
How are you doing these days？ I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club，1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （體育俱樂部經(jīng)常為我們學生組織各種各樣的活動）.
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym，2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在體育俱樂部學生可以鍛煉身體或練習他們的技能）. At weekends，it is available for all students 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （對體育賽事感興趣的學生）.4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我們喜歡體育俱樂部的原因） is that it enriches our campus lives.
All in all， all of us can work out for half an hour every day， 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （通過鍛煉我們可以增強我們的體質(zhì)）.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
維度四：語法與語篇
　　用適當?shù)年P系詞完成下面短文。
Zhangzhou is a small city in southeast China 1.　　　　　　 I grew up. My family moved there from Xiamen in a summer 2.　　　　　　 I was born. The house 3.　　　　　　 which I grew up was on a main street in Zhangzhou. It was a nice house with a big garden 4.　　　　　　 there were a lot of nice flowers. My father sold tea， and my mother had a small restaurant 5.　　　　　 there were always many customers. A cousin of mine 6.　　　　　 family I visited every summer lived with us. He was an apprentice （學徒） 7.　　　　　 my father was teaching the tea business to. On the first floor of our house， we had a huge kitchen 8.　　　 we all gathered for dinner. I will never forget the happy days 9.　　　　　 we were eating and talking happily. The bedrooms were upstairs. My brother and my cousin slept in one bedroom. I slept in another 10.　　　　　　 I shared with Polly， the smartest bird that I had ever seen.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　When I was young， Mom wanted me to learn English， Chinese， French and Japanese. I really like listening to different languages， and that’s probably the reason I find it easy to listen， and write， in these languages. Of the languages， I think Chinese is the hardest to learn. I made many mistakes when I was learning.
Once， our Chinese teacher told us to write a sentence using the verb “catch”. I wrote the sentence， “I from the river catch fish.” Later I realised that I had made a grammatical mistake and the sentence should have been，“I catch fish from the river.”
Another time， I misread “bird cloud” instead of “dark cloud”， because the Chinese characters are very similar. Sometimes， the characters can be translated into their literal （字面的） meaning， such as， “xue dou” being translated into “snow pea”. However， if you translated the characters “nan gua” into “south melon”， everyone would laugh， because the correct translation should be “pumpkin”.
In Chinese， the characters of some words can be repeated， such as “gao gao xing xing （happy）” and “zi zi xi xi （careful）”. They can also be written “gao xing” and “zi xi”， but that doesn’t work every time. For example， “xiu xiu da da （shy）” cannot be written as “xiu da”.
Chinese words for measurement are very difficult， too. I remember， when I first started learning Chinese， I couldn’t understand these words. Once， the teacher said，“There were three （tou） oxen on the grassland.” The word “tou” means “a head”， but it is also a word for measurement. Because I didn’t know this word very well， I thought teacher said the ox had three heads. What a monster！
Even though Chinese is the hardest language to learn， I still try very hard to learn， because I love Chinese.
1.What does the author want to show by giving an example in Paragraph 2？
A.Chinese is very popular.
B.Chinese is very interesting.
C.Chinese is similar to English.
D.Chinese is different from English.
2.The fact that the writer misread “bird cloud” shows some Chinese characters 　　　　.
A.look alike
B.are hard to write
C.are hard to pronounce
D.have similar meanings
3.Which of the following is right？
A.Bird cloud. B.Snow pea.
C.South melon. D.Xiu da.
4.How does the writer develop the passage？
A.By telling some stories.
B.By offering some advice.
C.By giving some examples.
D.By answering some questions.
B
When John Dougill first came to Japan 30 years ago， he noticed a strange phrase adorning （裝飾） his neighborhood butcher’s shop in Kyoto. Instead of “meat shop”， its sign read “flesh shop”.
Dougill assumed shop staff weren’t aware of their English-language error. But when he told the owners about it， they nodded politely at him. But they didn’t change the sign.
“It didn’t matter if the sign said ‘flesh’ or ‘fresh’ or ‘meat’，” recalls Dougill， a professor at Ryukoku University， who has researched the use of English in Japan. “It was just there to catch people’s attention. It wasn’t being used to communicate， as people could see it was a meat shop from outside.”
It was Dougill’s first encounter with the Japanese phenomenon of “Engrish” or “Japanglish”.Engrish is what happens when English mistakes appear in Japanese advertising， on products like T-shirts and stationary， or on restaurant menus.
In the West， Engrish is often viewed more as an example of everyday racism （種族主義） intended to laugh at non-native English speakers. It’s also not wholly a Japanese phenomenon. There’s “Konglish” in Korea， “Singlish” in Singapore and “Chinglish” in China — all referring to the different ways in which locals have repurposed English.
In Japan， Engrish falls into two categories： Decorative English is used to create a mood and is purely targeted at Japanese people， while Communicative English is meant to provide instructions to foreigners but is often grammatically incorrect or misspelled.
According to the website — which showcases examples of Engrish across the world—English in Japan is used as a design element in products and advertising to give them a modern look and feel （or just to “l(fā)ook cool”）. It’s not used to communicate a specific message， but rather a mood. That’s particular to Japanese culture， where meanings are often not clear but inferred.
“There is often no attempt to try to get Engrish right， nor do the vast majority of the Japanese population ever attempt to read the English design element in question，” the website states.
5.Why did the owners refuse to change the sign according to Dougill？
A.They didn’t think it’s wrong.
B.They didn’t take it seriously.
C.It would bring economic loss.
D.It would cause inconvenience.
6.What do we learn about Engrish？
A.It’s English spoken by Asians.
B.It’s English spoken by Japanese.
C.It’s popular in Western countries.
D.It’s made fun of by native speakers.
7.What is special about Decorative English in Japan？
A.It’s different from Engrish.
B.It’s intended for foreigners.
C.It focuses on form instead of content.
D.It uses correct grammar and spelling.
8.What will happen according to the website ？
A.Engrish will disappear soon.
B.Engrish will become more popular.
C.Engrish will be an effective language.
D.Engrish will stay unchanged in Japan.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Green is an important color in nature.It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees.　9　
　　Sometimes， the word green means young， fresh and growing.Sometimes， it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished.For example， a greenhorn is someone who has no experience， who is new to a situation.
　　Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb.　10　 A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well.You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.
　　The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains.　11　 The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.
　　　12　 The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space.It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”.　13　 A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else.Or， that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay raise and she does not.
A.Green is generally a symbol of peace.
B.It is also the color of most growing plants.
C.The new plants produced much larger crops.
D.In most countries， a green light is a sign to move ahead.
E.It is believed that the expression comes from the early 1900s.
F.Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion， jealousy.
G.It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants.
9.　　　 　　　10.　　　　　　11.　　　　
12.　　　 13.　　　
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　In Chinese literature， the Tang period 　14　 （consider） the golden age of Chinese poetry.
300 Tang Poems is a compilation （匯編） of poems from this period 　15　 （make） around 1763 by Hengtang Tuishi （Sun Zhu） of the Qing Dynasty.Sun’s motivation for compiling the collection resulted from his dissatisfaction 　16　 the then popular textbook， Poems by a Thousand Poets， an 　17　 （early） collection from the Tang and Song periods.
Sun made his own selection of Tang poems based on their popularity and effectiveness in cultivating （培養(yǎng)） character.　18　 it represented equally well each of the classical poetic forms and the best works by 　19　 most well-known Tang poets， Sun’s collection became a bestseller soon after its publication.It 　20　 （use） for centuries since then to teach elementary students to read and write， and also to cultivate character.Sun’s collection is still a classic today.Nearly every Chinese household owns a copy of the book and the poems from it 　21　 （be） still included in textbooks.There is a very famous saying：“　22　 （learn） three hundred Tang poems by heart， you can chant poems though you do not know the art.”
There were 311 poems in the 　23　 （origin） collection of 300 Tang Poems， and additional poems were added later on.
14.　　　　　　15.　　　　　　16.　　　　17.　　　 18.　　　 19.　　　
20.　　　 21.　　　 22.　　　23.　　　
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.when　2.why　3.when　4.where　5.that/which
6.which/that　7.where　8.which　9.when　10.that/which
11.where　12.whom　13.which　14.with　15.where
維度二
1.about whom you are talking
2.in which/where I spent most of my childhood
3.in which/where a writer wrote his famous book
4.for which/why he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday
5.on which/when I joined the organisation
維度三
1.which often organises various activities for us students
2.where students can take exercise or practise their skills
3.who are interested in sports events
4.The reason why we like the Sports Club
5.through which we can strengthen our body
維度四
1.where　2.when　3.in　4.where　5.where　6.whose
7.who/whom/that　8.where　9.when　10.which/that
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者主要通過舉一些實例，講述了自己學習中文的一些經(jīng)歷和體會。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，作者所舉例子說明中文和英文有很大的不同。
2.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，作者舉這個例子（將“烏云”讀作“鳥云”）主要是說明漢字看起來很相似。
3.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，有些中文詞語可以直譯，“雪豆”譯為snow pea即為一例。
4.C　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。綜合全文可知，作者主要通過舉一些實例，講述了自己學習中文的一些經(jīng)歷和體會。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國有中式英文，日本有日式英文。日式英文究竟在日本社會起著什么樣的作用呢？
5.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，Dougill認為，改不改標牌上的錯誤關系不大，因為英文單詞只是用來吸引人們注意的，并不是用來傳遞信息的。
6.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，Engrish指英語非母語國家的人們所使用的英語，它往往被英語為母語國家的人們所取笑。
7.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段可知，裝飾性英文主要是給日本本國人看的，而交流性英文才用來給外國人有效傳遞信息。也就是說前者只關注形式而非內(nèi)容。
8.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，這一網(wǎng)站指出，在日本，沒有人愿意去改正作為一種時髦和擺設的Engrish。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。Green一詞在英文中除了“綠色”之外，還有其他的含義。
9.B　本段是對green的概述，上句It is ...正好與B項It is also ...相吻合。
10.E　上句提到了have a green thumb這一詞組，E項則是對這一詞組的補充說明。
11.C　上句提到了new kinds of rice and other grains，C項中的The new plants與之相對應。
12.F　根據(jù)下文可知，green-eyed monster表示一種強烈的負面情緒，故F項符合語境。
13.G　根據(jù)下文可知，green-eyed monster表達“嫉妒”之意，G項正好是對此短語的詳細解釋。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了中國的唐詩及《唐詩三百首》一書。
14.is considered　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。這里表示唐朝“被看作”中國詩歌的黃金時代，另外，這是一個現(xiàn)存的客觀事實，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。
15.made　考查非謂語動詞。這里表示《唐詩三百首》一書“被編輯、被制作”，因此用過去分詞作后置定語。
16.with　考查介詞。dissatisfaction with 是固定搭配，表示“對……的不滿意”。
17.earlier　考查形容詞的比較級。這里提到的《千家詩》是比《唐詩三百首》更早的一本詩集，因此用形容詞的比較級。
18.Because/As　考查狀語從句。后面一個分句解釋了《唐詩三百首》受歡迎的原因，因此用連詞Because或As。
19.the　考查冠詞。most well-known是最高級形式，因此前面應用定冠詞the。
20.has been used　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本句的時間狀語是for centuries since then，另外這里表示被動含義，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。
21.are　考查主謂一致。本分句的主語是the poems，因此用are。
22.Learning　考查非謂語動詞。本句已經(jīng)有主語和謂語，這里需要狀語；由于learn這一動作由句子主語發(fā)出，表主動概念，因此用Learning。
23.original　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空后面的collection是一個名詞，因此用形容詞來修飾它。
5 / 5Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
限制性定語從句（2）
1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3.There are many reasons why this has been possible， but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4.These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
5.The man to whom I spoke just now will deliver a speech in our school next week.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.關系副詞　　　　　　在定語從句中作時間狀語（如句　　）；關系副詞　　　　　　在定語從句中作地點狀語（如句　　）；關系副詞　　　　　　在定語從句中作原因狀語（如句　　）。
2.在“介詞＋關系代詞（which/whom）”引導的定語從句中，　　　　　用于指代物（如句　　）；　　　　　　用于指代人（如句　　）。
一、關系副詞引導的定語從句
1.when引導定語從句時，先行詞為表示時間的名詞，when在從句中作時間狀語。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a time when each family has its members get together.
中秋節(jié)是每一個家庭團圓的時候。
I’ll never forget the day when I was trapped in a burning house.
我永遠不會忘記我被困在燃燒著的房子里的那一天。
2.where引導定語從句時，先行詞為表示地點的名詞，where在從句中作地點狀語。
After living in Paris for fifty years， he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了兒時成長的那個小鎮(zhèn)。
Beijing is the cultural center of our country， where you can visit many places of interest.
北京是我們國家的文化中心，在這里，你可以參觀很多名勝古跡。
名師點津
where還可用在表示抽象意義的地點名詞后，如situation、 stage、 position、 condition、 point、 case等。
I have reached a point in my life where I should make decisions of my own.
我已經(jīng)到了我人生中應該自己作決定的階段了。
3.why引導定語從句時，先行詞通常是reason， why在從句中作原因狀語。
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。
The reasons why I am writing to apply to be a volunteer are as follows.
我寫信申請成為一名志愿者的原因如下。
3.why引導定語從句時，先行詞通常是reason， why在從句中作原因狀語。
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。
The reasons why I am writing to apply to be a volunteer are as follows.
我寫信申請成為一名志愿者的原因如下。
【即時演練1】　用適當?shù)年P系副詞填空
①I’ll never forget the day 　　　　　　I received the admission letter from Zhejiang University！
②The reason 　　　　　　he was late was that he got stuck in the traffic.
③Keep the book in a place 　　　　　　you can find it easily.
④It was a time 　　　　　　I didn’t understand what death meant.
二、關系代詞和關系副詞的判斷
表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關系代詞引導，也可用關系副詞引導。若關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，應用關系副詞；若關系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則應用關系代詞。
I’ll never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm.（關系代詞作spent的賓語）
我永遠不會忘記和你在農(nóng)場一起度過的那一天。
I’ll never forget the day when I worked with you on the farm.（關系副詞作時間狀語， when＝on which）
我永遠不會忘記和你一起在農(nóng)場工作的那一天。
The reason why/for which you failed was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.（定語從句中缺少狀語，用why或for which作原因狀語）
你失敗的原因是你沒有聽你母親的忠告。
The reason that/which he gave at the meeting was not so convincing.（定語從句中缺少賓語，用that或which，不用why）
他在會上給出的理由不太令人信服。
【即時演練2】　用適當?shù)年P系詞填空
①It happened in November 　　　　　　the weather was wet and cold.
②The reason 　　　　　　her husband explained sounded reasonable.
③The reason 　　　　　　I write this letter to you is that I have a problem in respect of the writing style.
④I’d like to live in the house 　　　　　　there is plenty of sunshine.
⑤This is the house 　　　　　　was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
三、“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句
1.當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，我們通常用“介詞＋關系代詞（which/whom）”引導定語從句。如果指“人”，用“介詞＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介詞＋which”；關系代詞有時也用whose（作定語）。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我們參觀了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
這就是他經(jīng)常用來拍照的相機。
The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所在公司的老板聽說了這起事故。
2.“介詞＋關系代詞（which/whom）”中介詞選擇的三個原則“一先、二動、三意義”。
（1）“一先”，即根據(jù)先行詞的習慣搭配或意義來確定介詞。
The factory in which I’m working mainly produces computers.
我所在的工廠主要生產(chǎn)電腦。
（2）“二動”，即根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞的習慣搭配來確定介詞。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday.
這就是我們昨天談論過的那本書。
（3）“三意義”，即根據(jù)定語從句所表達的意義來確定介詞。
Mr Field graduated in 2009， after which he entered a famous IT company.
菲爾德先生畢業(yè)于2009年，之后他進入一家知名的IT公司。
【即時演練3】　用“介詞＋關系代詞”填空
①The woman 　　　　　　　　you spoke just now is our English teacher.
②This is the farm 　　　　　　　　my father grows fruit and vegetables.
③There is a big window 　　　　　　　　I can see the railway station.
④I have some American friends 　　　　　　　　　　I have learned much about the American customs.
struggle n.& vi.斗爭；奮斗；搏斗
【教材原句】　When I started studying German， it was a struggle.
當我開始學習德語時，那是一件困難的事。
【用法】
struggle for ...　　　　　努力爭取……；
為……而斗爭
struggle against/with ... 與……作斗爭
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 掙扎著站起來
【佳句】　We are willing to struggle for our beautiful future with our healthy body and mind.
我們愿用健康的身心，為我們美好的未來而奮斗。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①From now on， I hope every one of us will struggle 　　　　　　　　（make） our dream come true.
②We have to struggle 　　　　　　all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Though he was badly injured， he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and went on running.
雖然他傷得很重，但他掙扎著站了起來繼續(xù)往前跑。
point of view 觀點；看法
【教材原句】　I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language， and I could see the world from a different point of view.
我終于達到了一個可以用這門外語思考的境地，并且我可以從一個不同的角度看世界。
【用法】
（1）
　在某人看來
（2）have a good view of 好好欣賞
come into view 進入視野
【佳句】　①From my point of view， you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.在我看來，通過這些活動，你可以更好地了解春節(jié)。
②From an economic point of view， the new project will benefit the town greatly.
從經(jīng)濟的角度來看，新項目將使這個城鎮(zhèn)受益匪淺。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Everyone at the meeting had different views 　　　　　　the subject.
【寫美】　一句多譯
②在我看來，你應該向老師求助。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， you should turn to your teacher for help.
句型公式：the＋比較級 ...，the＋比較級 ... 越……，就越……
【教材原句】　It was exercise for the brain； the more I learnt of a language， the more my brain would grow.這是對大腦的鍛煉；我對一門語言學得越多，我的智力就增長得越快。
【用法】
（1）the more ...， the less ...越……，就越不……
（2）此結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個“the＋比較級...”是表示條件的狀語從句，在表示將來意義的情況下，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
【品悟】　The more you know about our traditional culture， the more you are interested in it.你對我們的傳統(tǒng)文化了解得越多，你就對它越感興趣。
【寫美】　完成句子
①At the same time， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the deeper love I have for her.
與此同時，我對我的祖國了解得越多，我對她的愛就越深。
②The more friends they have， 　　　　　　　　　　　　their lives will be.
他們擁有的朋友越多，他們的生活就越豐富多彩。
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.when　1　where　2　why　3　2.which　4　whom　5
即時演練1
①when　②why　③where　④when
即時演練2
①when　②that/which　③why　④where　⑤that/which
即時演練3
①to whom　②on which　③through which
④from whom
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①to make　②against/with　③struggled to his feet
2.①on/about　②In my opinion/view； As far as I’m concerned； From my point of view； The way I see it
3.①the more I know about my country
②the more colourful
5 / 5(共72張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
限制性定語從句（2）
1. It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified
country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one
direction.
3. There are many reasons why this has been possible， but one of the
main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by
ancient Chinese people.
5. The man to whom I spoke just now will deliver a speech in our school
next week.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 關系副詞 在定語從句中作時間狀語（如句 ）；關系
副詞 在定語從句中作地點狀語（如句 ）；關系副
詞 在定語從句中作原因狀語（如句 ）。
2. 在“介詞＋關系代詞（which/whom）”引導的定語從句
中， 用于指代物（如句 ）； 用于指代人
（如句 ）。
when　
1　
where　
2　
why　
3　
which　
4　
whom　
5　
一、關系副詞引導的定語從句
1. when引導定語從句時，先行詞為表示時間的名詞，when在從句中作
時間狀語。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a time when each family has its members
get together.
中秋節(jié)是每一個家庭團圓的時候。
I’ll never forget the day when I was trapped in a burning house.
我永遠不會忘記我被困在燃燒著的房子里的那一天。
2. where引導定語從句時，先行詞為表示地點的名詞，where在從句中
作地點狀語。
After living in Paris for fifty years， he returned to the small town
where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了兒時成長的那個小鎮(zhèn)。
Beijing is the cultural center of our country， where you can visit many
places of interest.
北京是我們國家的文化中心，在這里，你可以參觀很多名勝古跡。
名師點津
where還可用在表示抽象意義的地點名詞后，如situation、 stage、
position、 condition、 point、 case等。
I have reached a point in my life where I should make decisions of my
own.
我已經(jīng)到了我人生中應該自己作決定的階段了。
3. why引導定語從句時，先行詞通常是reason， why在從句中作原
因狀語。
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help
yesterday.
我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。
The reasons why I am writing to apply to be a volunteer are as follows.
我寫信申請成為一名志愿者的原因如下。
【即時演練1】　用適當?shù)年P系副詞填空
①I’ll never forget the day I received the admission letter from
Zhejiang University！
②The reason he was late was that he got stuck in the traffic.
③Keep the book in a place you can find it easily.
④It was a time I didn’t understand what death meant.
when　
why　
where　
when　
二、關系代詞和關系副詞的判斷
表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關系代詞引
導，也可用關系副詞引導。若關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，應用關系
副詞；若關系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則應用關系代詞。
I’ll never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm.（關系代
詞作spent的賓語）
我永遠不會忘記和你在農(nóng)場一起度過的那一天。
I’ll never forget the day when I worked with you on the farm.（關系副詞
作時間狀語， when＝on which）
我永遠不會忘記和你一起在農(nóng)場工作的那一天。
The reason why/for which you failed was that you had not
followed your mother’s advice.（定語從句中缺少狀語，用why或
for which作原因狀語）
你失敗的原因是你沒有聽你母親的忠告。
The reason that/which he gave at the meeting was not so convincing.（定
語從句中缺少賓語，用that或which，不用why）
他在會上給出的理由不太令人信服。
【即時演練2】　用適當?shù)年P系詞填空
①It happened in November the weather was wet and cold.
②The reason her husband explained sounded reasonable.
③The reason I write this letter to you is that I have a problem in
respect of the writing style.
④I’d like to live in the house there is plenty of sunshine.
⑤This is the house was built by my grandfather forty years
ago.
when　
that/which　
why　
where　
that/which　
三、“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句
1. 當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，我們通常用“介詞＋關
系代詞（which/whom）”引導定語從句。如果指“人”，用“介詞＋
whom”；如果指“物”，用“介詞＋which”；關系代詞有時也用whose
（作定語）。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我們參觀了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
這就是他經(jīng)常用來拍照的相機。
The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所在公司的老板聽說了這起事故。
2. “介詞＋關系代詞（which/whom）”中介詞選擇的三個原則“一先、
二動、三意義”。
（1）“一先”，即根據(jù)先行詞的習慣搭配或意義來確定介詞。
The factory in which I’m working mainly produces computers.
我所在的工廠主要生產(chǎn)電腦。
（2）“二動”，即根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞的習慣搭配來確定
介詞。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday.
這就是我們昨天談論過的那本書。
（3）“三意義”，即根據(jù)定語從句所表達的意義來確定介詞。
Mr Field graduated in 2009， after which he entered a famous IT
company.
菲爾德先生畢業(yè)于2009年，之后他進入一家知名的IT公司。
【即時演練3】　用“介詞＋關系代詞”填空
①The woman you spoke just now is our English teacher.
②This is the farm my father grows fruit and vegetables.
③There is a big window I can see the railway station.
④I have some American friends I have learned much
about the American customs.
to whom　
on which　
through which　
from whom　
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
struggle n.& vi.斗爭；奮斗；搏斗
【教材原句】　When I started studying German， it was a struggle.當我
開始學習德語時，那是一件困難的事。
【用法】
struggle for ...　　　　　　　努力爭取……；
為……而斗爭
struggle against/with ... 與……作斗爭
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 掙扎著站起來
【佳句】　We are willing to struggle for our beautiful future with our
healthy body and mind.
我們愿用健康的身心，為我們美好的未來而奮斗。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①From now on， I hope every one of us will struggle
（make） our dream come true.
②We have to struggle all kinds of difficulties from home
and abroad.
to make　
against/with　
【寫美】　完成句子
③Though he was badly injured， he and went on
running.
雖然他傷得很重，但他掙扎著站了起來繼續(xù)往前跑。
struggled to his feet　
point of view 觀點；看法
【教材原句】　I had finally come to a place where I could think in this
foreign language， and I could see the world from a different point of
view.
我終于達到了一個可以用這門外語思考的境地，并且我可以從一個不
同的角度看世界。
【用法】
【佳句】　①From my point of view， you can have a better
understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
在我看來，通過這些活動，你可以更好地了解春節(jié)。
②From an economic point of view， the new project will benefit the
town greatly.
從經(jīng)濟的角度來看，新項目將使這個城鎮(zhèn)受益匪淺。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Everyone at the meeting had different views the subject.
on/about　
【寫美】　一句多譯
②在我看來，你應該向老師求助。
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
→ ， you should turn to your teacher for help.
In my opinion/view　
As far as I’m concerned　
From my point of view　
The way I see it　
句型公式：the＋比較級 ...，the＋比較級 ...越……，就越……
【教材原句】　It was exercise for the brain； the more I learnt of a
language， the more my brain would grow.
這是對大腦的鍛煉；我對一門語言學得越多，我的智力就增長得
越快。
【用法】
（1）the more ...， the less ...越……，就越不……
（2）此結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個“the＋比較級...”是表示條件的狀語從句，在
表示將來意義的情況下，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
【品悟】　The more you know about our traditional culture， the more
you are interested in it.
你對我們的傳統(tǒng)文化了解得越多，你就對它越感興趣。
【寫美】　完成句子
①At the same time， ， the deeper
love I have for her.
與此同時，我對我的祖國了解得越多，我對她的愛就越深。
②The more friends they have， their lives will be.
他們擁有的朋友越多，他們的生活就越豐富多彩。
the more I know about my country　
the more colourful　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎題型練
　　用適當?shù)年P系詞填空。
1. We have entered into an age almost everything can be done
on the Internet.
2. Nobody knows the reason she didn’t accept the invitation.
3. We went through a period communications were very difficult
in the rural areas.
when　
why　
when　
4. We visited the car factory my uncle once worked three years
ago.
5. This is the factory I visited last year.
6. I’ll always remember the days I spent with villagers in
the mountains.
7. This is the place the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
8. I don’t know the reason for the athlete gave up halfway
through the competition.
where　
that/which　
which/that　
where　
which　
9. I’ll never forget the day we celebrated your birthday with a
surprise party.
10. I’ll never forget the time we spent together in the army
camp.
11. They have reached the stage they are going to get married.
12. He is a teacher with rich experience， from we can learn a
lot.
13. The film in he played the leading role was a great success.
when　
that/which　
where　
whom　
which　
14. I wanted to find someone whom I could share my travel
experience.
15. We have come to a point everyone has different opinions
and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
with　
where　
維度二：用定語從句合并句子
1. The man is in the next room.You are talking about the man.
→The man is in the next room.
2. My hometown has taken on a new look.I spent most of my childhood
there.
→My hometown has
taken on a new look.
about whom you are talking　
in which/where I spent most of my childhood　
3. We paid a visit to the coffee shop last summer.A writer wrote his famous
book in the coffee shop.
→Last summer we paid a visit to the coffee shop
.
4. I don’t know the reason.He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday for the
reason.
→I don’t know the reason
.
in which/where a
writer wrote his famous book　
for which/why he didn’t come to the
meeting yesterday　
5. I joined the organisation on that day.I will never forget the day.
→I will never forget the day
.
on which/when I joined the
organisation　
維度三：語法與寫作
　　根據(jù)漢語提示完成下面語段，盡可能地運用定語從句。
Dear Tom，
How are you doing these days？ I’m writing to tell you about our
school’s Sports Club，1.
（體育俱樂部經(jīng)常為我們學生組織各種各樣的活動）.
which often organises various activities for us
students　
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym，2.
（在體育俱樂部學生可以鍛煉
身體或練習他們的技能）.At weekends，it is available for all students
3. （對體育賽事感興趣的學
生）.4. （我們喜歡體育俱樂
部的原因） is that it enriches our campus lives.
All in all， all of us can work out for half an hour every day，
5. （通過鍛煉我們可以增
強我們的體質(zhì)）.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
where students
can take exercise or practise their skills　
who are interested in sports events　
The reason why we like the Sports Club　
through which we can strengthen our body　
維度四：語法與語篇
　　用適當?shù)年P系詞完成下面短文。
Zhangzhou is a small city in southeast China 1. I grew
up.My family moved there from Xiamen in a summer 2. I was
born.The house 3. which I grew up was on a main street in
Zhangzhou.It was a nice house with a big garden 4. there were a
lot of nice flowers.My father sold tea， and my mother had a small
restaurant 5. there were always many customers.A cousin of
mine 6.
where　
when　
in　
where　
where　
family I visited every summer lived with us.He was an apprentice
（學徒） 7. my father was teaching the tea business
to.On the first floor of our house， we had a huge kitchen 8. we
all gathered for dinner.I will never forget the happy days 9. we
were eating and talking happily.The bedrooms were upstairs.My brother
and my cousin slept in one bedroom.I slept in another 10. I
shared with Polly， the smartest bird that I had ever seen.
whose　
who/whom/that　
where　
when　
which/that　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　When I was young， Mom wanted me to learn English， Chinese，
French and Japanese.I really like listening to different languages， and
that’s probably the reason I find it easy to listen， and write， in these
languages.Of the languages， I think Chinese is the hardest to learn.I made
many mistakes when I was learning.
Once， our Chinese teacher told us to write a sentence using the verb
“catch”.I wrote the sentence， “I from the river catch fish.” Later I realised
that I had made a grammatical mistake and the sentence should have
been，“I catch fish from the river.”
Another time， I misread “bird cloud” instead of “dark cloud”，
because the Chinese characters are very similar.Sometimes， the
characters can be translated into their literal （字面的） meaning， such
as， “xue dou” being translated into “snow pea”.However， if you
translated the characters “nan gua” into “south melon”， everyone would
laugh， because the correct translation should be “pumpkin”.
In Chinese， the characters of some words can be repeated， such as
“gao gao xing xing （happy）” and “zi zi xi xi （careful）”.They can also
be written “gao xing” and “zi xi”， but that doesn’t work every time.For
example， “xiu xiu da da （shy）” cannot be written as “xiu da”.
Chinese words for measurement are very difficult， too.I remember，
when I first started learning Chinese， I couldn’t understand these
words.Once， the teacher said，“There were three （tou） oxen on the
grassland.” The word “tou” means “a head”， but it is also a word for
measurement.Because I didn’t know this word very well， I thought
teacher said the ox had three heads.What a monster！
Even though Chinese is the hardest language to learn， I still try very
hard to learn， because I love Chinese.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者主要通過舉一些實例，講述了
自己學習中文的一些經(jīng)歷和體會。
本文是一篇記敘文。作者主要通過舉一些實例，講述了
自己學習中文的一些經(jīng)歷和體會。
1. What does the author want to show by giving an example in
Paragraph 2？
A. Chinese is very popular.
B. Chinese is very interesting.
C. Chinese is similar to English.
D. Chinese is different from English.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，作者所舉例子說明中文
和英文有很大的不同。
2. The fact that the writer misread “bird cloud” shows some Chinese
characters 　　　　.
A. look alike B. are hard to write
C. are hard to pronounce D. have similar meanings
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，作者舉這個例子（將“烏
云”讀作“鳥云”）主要是說明漢字看起來很相似。
3. Which of the following is right？
A. Bird cloud. B. Snow pea.
C. South melon. D. Xiu da.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，有些中文詞語可以直
譯，“雪豆”譯為snow pea即為一例。
4. How does the writer develop the passage？
A. By telling some stories.
B. By offering some advice.
C. By giving some examples.
D. By answering some questions.
解析：　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。綜合全文可知，作者主要通過舉一些實
例，講述了自己學習中文的一些經(jīng)歷和體會。
B
When John Dougill first came to Japan 30 years ago， he noticed a
strange phrase adorning （裝飾） his neighborhood butcher’s shop in
Kyoto.Instead of “meat shop”， its sign read “flesh shop”.
Dougill assumed shop staff weren’t aware of their English-language
error.But when he told the owners about it， they nodded politely at
him.But they didn’t change the sign.
“It didn’t matter if the sign said ‘flesh’ or ‘fresh’ or ‘meat’，” recalls
Dougill， a professor at Ryukoku University， who has researched the use
of English in Japan.“It was just there to catch people’s attention.It wasn’t
being used to communicate， as people could see it was a meat shop from
outside.”
It was Dougill’s first encounter with the Japanese phenomenon of
“Engrish” or “Japanglish”.Engrish is what happens when English mistakes
appear in Japanese advertising， on products like T-shirts and stationary，
or on restaurant menus.
In the West， Engrish is often viewed more as an example of
everyday racism （種族主義） intended to laugh at non-native English
speakers.It’s also not wholly a Japanese phenomenon.There’s “Konglish”
in Korea， “Singlish” in Singapore and “Chinglish” in China — all
referring to the different ways in which locals have repurposed English.
In Japan， Engrish falls into two categories： Decorative English is
used to create a mood and is purely targeted at Japanese people， while
Communicative English is meant to provide instructions to foreigners but is
often grammatically incorrect or misspelled.
According to the website — which showcases examples
of Engrish across the world—English in Japan is used as a design element
in products and advertising to give them a modern look and feel （or just
to “l(fā)ook cool”）.It’s not used to communicate a specific message， but
rather a mood.That’s particular to Japanese culture， where meanings are
often not clear but inferred.
“There is often no attempt to try to get Engrish right， nor do the vast
majority of the Japanese population ever attempt to read the English design
element in question，” the website states.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國有中式英文，日本有日式英
文。日式英文究竟在日本社會起著什么樣的作用呢？
本文是一篇說明文。中國有中式英文，日本有日式英
文。日式英文究竟在日本社會起著什么樣的作用呢？
5. Why did the owners refuse to change the sign according to Dougill？
A. They didn’t think it’s wrong.
B. They didn’t take it seriously.
C. It would bring economic loss.
D. It would cause inconvenience.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，Dougill認為，改不改標
牌上的錯誤關系不大，因為英文單詞只是用來吸引人們注意的，并
不是用來傳遞信息的。
6. What do we learn about Engrish？
A. It’s English spoken by Asians.
B. It’s English spoken by Japanese.
C. It’s popular in Western countries.
D. It’s made fun of by native speakers.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，Engrish指英語非母語國
家的人們所使用的英語，它往往被英語為母語國家的人們所取笑。
7. What is special about Decorative English in Japan？
A. It’s different from Engrish.
B. It’s intended for foreigners.
C. It focuses on form instead of content.
D. It uses correct grammar and spelling.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段可知，裝飾性英文主要是給日
本本國人看的，而交流性英文才用來給外國人有效傳遞信息。也就
是說前者只關注形式而非內(nèi)容。
8. What will happen according to the website ？
A. Engrish will disappear soon.
B. Engrish will become more popular.
C. Engrish will be an effective language.
D. Engrish will stay unchanged in Japan.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，這一網(wǎng)站
指出，在日本，沒有人愿意去改正作為一種時髦和擺設的Engrish。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Green is an important color in nature.It is the color of grass and the
leaves on trees. 　9　
　　Sometimes， the word green means young， fresh and
growing.Sometimes， it describes something that is not yet ripe or
finished.For example， a greenhorn is someone who has no experience，
who is new to a situation.
　　Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a
green thumb. 　10　 A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic
touch that makes plants grow quickly and well.You might say that the
woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long
after your plants have died.
　　The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the
development of new kinds of rice and other grains. 　11　 The Green
Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had
green thumbs.
　　 　12　 The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from
outer space.It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British
writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. 　13　 A young man
may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out
with someone else.Or， that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if
you get a pay raise and she does not.
A. Green is generally a symbol of peace.
B. It is also the color of most growing plants.
C. The new plants produced much larger crops.
D. In most countries， a green light is a sign to move ahead.
E. It is believed that the expression comes from the early 1900s.
F. Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion， jealousy.
G. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has
something he wants.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。Green一詞在英文中除了“綠色”之
外，還有其他的含義。
9. B　本段是對green的概述，上句It is ...正好與B項It is also ...相
吻合。
本文是一篇說明文。Green一詞在英文中除了“綠色”之
外，還有其他的含義。
10. E　上句提到了have a green thumb這一詞組，E項則是對這一詞組
的補充說明。
11. C　上句提到了new kinds of rice and other grains，C項中的The new
plants與之相對應。
12. F　根據(jù)下文可知，green-eyed monster表示一種強烈的負面情緒，
故F項符合語境。
13. G　根據(jù)下文可知，green-eyed monster表達“嫉妒”之意，G項正好
是對此短語的詳細解釋。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　In Chinese literature， the Tang period 　14　 （consider） the
golden age of Chinese poetry.
300 Tang Poems is a compilation （匯編） of poems from this
period 　15　 （make） around 1763 by Hengtang Tuishi （Sun Zhu）
of the Qing Dynasty.Sun’s motivation for compiling the collection resulted
from his dissatisfaction 　16　 the then popular textbook， Poems by a
Thousand Poets， an 　17　 （early） collection from the Tang and Song
periods.
Sun made his own selection of Tang poems based on their popularity
and effectiveness in cultivating （培養(yǎng)） character. 　18　 it represented
equally well each of the classical poetic forms and the best works
by 　19　 most well-known Tang poets， Sun’s collection became a
bestseller soon after its publication.It 　20　 （use） for centuries since
then to teach elementary students to read and write， and also to cultivate
character.Sun’s collection is still a classic today.Nearly every Chinese
household owns a copy of the book and the poems from it 　21　 （be）
still included in textbooks.There is a very famous saying： “ 　22　
（learn） three hundred Tang poems by heart， you can chant poems
though you do not know the art.”
There were 311 poems in the 　23　 （origin） collection of 300
Tang Poems， and additional poems were added later on.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了中國的唐詩及《唐
詩三百首》一書。
14. is considered　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。這里表示唐朝“被看作”中
國詩歌的黃金時代，另外，這是一個現(xiàn)存的客觀事實，因此用一般現(xiàn)
在時的被動語態(tài)。
15. made　考查非謂語動詞。這里表示《唐詩三百首》一書“被編輯、
被制作”，因此用過去分詞作后置定語。
本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了中國的唐詩及《唐
詩三百首》一書。
16. with　考查介詞。dissatisfaction with 是固定搭配，表示“對……的
不滿意”。
17. earlier　考查形容詞的比較級。這里提到的《千家詩》是比《唐詩
三百首》更早的一本詩集，因此用形容詞的比較級。
18. Because/As　考查狀語從句。后面一個分句解釋了《唐詩三百首》
受歡迎的原因，因此用連詞Because或As。
19. the　考查冠詞。most well-known是最高級形式，因此前面應用定
冠詞the。
20. has been used　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本句的時間狀語是for
centuries since then，另外這里表示被動含義，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時的被
動語態(tài)。
21. are　考查主謂一致。本分句的主語是the poems，因此用are。
22. Learning　考查非謂語動詞。本句已經(jīng)有主語和謂語，這里需要狀
語；由于learn這一動作由句子主語發(fā)出，表主動概念，因此用
Learning。
23. original　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空后面的collection是一個名詞，因此
用形容詞來修飾它。
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