資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
　　用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。
1.The research finds that people 　　　　　　keep fit are more likely to be positive about life.
2.All the things 　　　　　　I saw in the earthquake came as a shock to me.
3.A study shows the students who take part in extra-curricular activities are happier than those 　　　　　　do not.
4.I still remember the earthquake 　　　　　　happened in this area.
5.The first thing 　　　　　　he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
6.It is the tallest building 　　　　　　John has seen ever since he came here.
7.The flood destroyed all the books 　　　　　　were put on the first floor.
8.The pen 　　　　　　he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
9.Children 　　　　　　diet is high in fat will put on weight quickly.
10.The little boy wrote a thank-you note to the firefighters by 　　　　　　he was rescued.
11.I got in touch with Michael 　　　　　　I have been losing contact with for one year.
12.We paid a visit to the museum 　　　　　　was built two years ago.
維度二：用定語從句合并句子
1.I live next door to a couple.The couple’s children often make a lot of noise.
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2.The old temple is now under repair.The temple’s roof was damaged in a rainstorm.
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3.The CCTV reporter is interviewing a lady.The lady survived the flood.
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4.The female volunteer will remember the soldier.The female volunteer worked with the soldier during the quake.
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5.Education should be the most important thing.Parents are greatly concerned about it.
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6.The volcanic eruption damaged a lot of farmland and destroyed many houses.The volcanic eruption happened last year.
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維度三：語法與寫作
1.Those 　　　　　　　　　　　　　were waiting for the helicopter to deliver supplies.
那些留在避難所的人正在等待直升機運送物資。
2.After the earthquake， we supplied shelters and first aid to the people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
地震后，我們?yōu)闊o家可歸的人提供了避難所和急救。
3.Happiness is one of the things 　　　　　　　　.
幸福是金錢買不到的東西之一。
4.It’s impossible to defeat a person 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?。?br/>打敗一個永不放棄的人是不可能的！
5.The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
長城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。
6.We have only one Earth， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們只有一個地球，這是各國人民共同的家園。
7.The day will surely come 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of national renewal！
中華民族實現(xiàn)偉大復(fù)興夢想的一天一定會到來！
維度四：語法與語篇
　　用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞完成下面短文。
Do you know the man 1.　　　　　　 wrote this book？He was Jason， one of the engineers 2.　　　　　　 came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory where my father once worked.When he came to China， the first thing 3.　　　　　　　　 he did was to visit the factory 4.　　　　　　 did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason why China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute 5.　　　　 he could spare to help China develop transportation.As is mentioned above， Jason was a foreigner 6.　　　　　 made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to 7.　　　　　 we should say thanks.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　“What’s wrong with you？ You’re disappointing me.Where’s the Sean I once knew in high school？” the coach looked at me angrily.
　　It was my second year at Brigham Young University （BYU） before football camp.The thing that really annoyed me， though， was that coach was right.Even though I was spending long hours practicing， I wasn’t truly committed （專注的）.
　　I had a hard decision to make — I had to either quit football or work even harder.Over the next several weeks， I had a war inside my head and came face-to-face with many fears and self-doubts.Once I tried my best， everything changed.I began taking chances and making big improvements on the field.My heart was in it now.I knew it， and the coach saw that.
　　During the Midseason， there would be a big game.We were to play Air Force on ESPN， in front of 65，000 fans.A week before the game， the coach called me into his office and told me that I would be the starting quarterback （四分衛(wèi)）.That was what I had been expecting for！
　　Game day finally arrived.After a few minutes I settled down and led our team to victory.I was even named the ESPN Player of the Game.Afterward， lots of people congratulated me on the victory and my performance.That felt good.But they didn’t know the full story.They thought that victory had taken place on the field that day in the public eye.I knew it happened months before in the privacy of my own head.Beating Air Force was a much easier challenge than overcoming （戰(zhàn)勝） myself.As the saying goes， “We have met the enemy and he is us.”
1.Why did the coach become angry？
A.The author lost a match.
B.The author was very lazy.
C.The author didn’t listen to him.
D.The author didn’t take practice seriously.
2.What did the author do to improve the situation？
A.He took part in some matches.
B.He trained harder than before.
C.He turned to his coach for help.
D.He asked for some suggestions.
3.How did the author feel after he left the coach’s office？
A.Very excited. B.Very worried.
C.Very confident. D.Very disappointed.
4.What does the author mainly want to tell us by writing the text？
A.The power of working hard.
B.The power of having a dream.
C.The importance of a good coach.
D.The importance of beating yourself.
B
　　Scientists predict that most polar bears will die out by the year 2100 because of global warming.
　　Polar bears are found in the far north， inside the Arctic Circle.Scientists believe there are about 25，000 polar bears left.Polar bears spend most of their lives on the ice which covers the Arctic seas.
　　As the world gets hotter because of man-made climate change， the Arctic is warming about twice as quickly as other places.This is making the ice cap smaller and thinner.For polar bears， that’s a matter of life and death.Polar bears rely on the sea ice to travel and hunt.
　　Seals are polar bears’ main food.Polar bears usually catch seals in places where the ice meets the water.To catch seals， the bears need to be able to walk and run across the ice.Polar bears are strong swimmers， but they’re not fast enough to catch seals in the water.
　　Summers are the hardest time for polar bears.With less ice to travel on， they’re forced to spend more time on land， where there isn’t much food.Polar bears are known to go as long as six months without food.But rising temperatures in the Arctic are causing ice-free times to come sooner and last longer， and the bears have less area for hunting.That means the bears need to go without food for longer.
　　The scientists believe that by 2040， polar bears will start dying out in southern areas of the Arctic， like Canada.In places like Alaska and Russia， the bears may start to die out by 2080.
　　To help save polar bears， rapid action is needed to reduce the effect of global heating.Though that may not seem likely， it is still possible.As researcher Peter Molnar says，“There is hope that they are not completely doomed， if we change our behaviour.”
5.What do we learn about the Arctic？
A.It’s getting colder slowly.
B.It’s getting warmer slowly.
C.It’s getting warmer quickly.
D.Its temperature keeps the same.
6.Which is TRUE about polar bears？
A.They are eaten by seals.
B.They swim slower than seals.
C.They aren’t as strong as seals.
D.They aren’t good at swimming.
7.What is the result of climate change in the Arctic？
A.Ice caps become thicker.
B.Ice-free times come later.
C.Ice seasons become longer.
D.Polar bears will face hunger.
8.Peter Molnar’s attitude to the protection of polar bears can be described as 　　　　.
A.hopeful B.worried
C.doubtful D.surprised
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　The fires in many parts of Brazil’s Amazon area have brought an international outcry to save the world’s largest rainforest.
　9　 Actor Leonardo DiCaprio also offered $5 million for efforts to save the forest.
The World Wildlife Foundation （WWF） says the world’s largest rainforest contains millions of species of plants and animals.　10　 Among the best known animals are jaguars， eagles， pink river dolphins， parrots， large snakes and many butterflies.
The WWF says the forests contain over 40，000 kinds of plants and the 6，500 kilometers of rivers contain 3，000 kinds of freshwater fish.More than 30 million people live in the Amazon area and depend on the forests for food and shelter.
The rainforest is often called the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”. 　11　 Carlos Nobre is a University of Sao Paulo climate scientist.He said a better way to think about the Amazon’s role is as a sink， taking CO2 from the atmosphere.
Currently， the world is releasing around 36 billion metric tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year.And the Amazon absorbs about five percent of the CO2， making it important in preventing climate change.
　12　 They are mostly set illegally by people who are clearing the forest to raise cattle and crops.
　　People clear the land by cutting down the trees during the rainy season.　13　 Fully clearing the thick forest for agricultural use can take several years of cutting and burning.
A.Many of them are still unknown.
B.The fire led to international concern.
C.The current fires in the Amazon are not wildfires.
D.The Amazon rainforest is important to rainfall in the area.
E.Then they let the trees dry out and burn them during the dry season.
F.But that might not be the best way to describe the area’s importance.
G.Wealthy nations have offered Brazil at least $22 million to fight the fires.
9.　　　 　　　10.　　　　　　11.　　　　
12.　　　 13.　　　
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　A Nepalese official says that we should examine the rules on who 　14　 （permit） to climb Mount Everest， the world’s tallest mountain.
　　Yagya Raj Sunuwar told The New York Times， “It is time to review all the old 　15　 （law）.” The parliament member’s comment comes after the deaths of at least 11 climbers this year.
　　Climbing Everest 　16　 （be） a dream for many people ever since Edmund Hillary and his guide， Tenzing Norgay， reached the top of the mountain in 1953.
　　Nepal is one of the world’s 　17　 （poor） countries.The climbing industry brings in $300 million each year.Officials do not limit 　18　 number of permits the country issues to climbers.
　　This year， the government of Nepal issued Everest permits to 381 people， the highest number ever.Anyone can get a permit for an $11，000 fee.
　　A picture 　19　 （take） on 22 May shows a long line of climbers wearing colorful winter clothes as they make 　20　 （they） way up the mountain.The climbers are standing on a snow-covered ridge （山脊） with a 2，000-meter drop on either side.They are hanging on 　21　 a single line of rope.
　　“There were more people on Everest than there should be，” said Kul Bahadur Gurung， the general secretary of the Nepal Mountaineering Association.He added，“We lack the rules 　22　 say how many people can 　23　 （actual） go up and when.”
14.　　　　　　15.　　　　　　16.　　　　
17.　　　 18.　　　 19.　　　
20.　　　 21.　　　 22.　　　
23.　　　
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.who/that　2.that　3.who　4.that/which　5.that
6.that　7.that　8.that/which　9.whose　10.whom
11.whom/that/who　12.which/that
維度二
1.I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
2.The old temple whose roof was damaged in a rainstorm is now under repair.
3.The CCTV reporter is interviewing a lady who/that survived the flood.
4.The female volunteer will remember the soldier whom she worked with during the quake.
5.Education should be the most important thing that parents are greatly concerned about.
6.The volcanic eruption that/which happened last year damaged a lot of farmland and destroyed many houses.
維度三
1.who stayed in the shelter
2.who became homeless
3.which/that money cannot buy
4.who never gives up
5.that attract lots of visitors
6.which is the common home of people of all countries
7.when the Chinese nation realises its dream
維度四
1.who/that　2.who/that　3.that　4.which/that　5.that　6.who/that　7.whom
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在受到教練的批評后，沒有氣餒，而是戰(zhàn)勝內(nèi)心的恐懼和懷疑，更加刻苦地訓練。最后他取得了非常優(yōu)異的成績。
1.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，作者的主要問題是不夠?qū)Ｗ⒑驼J真。
2.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，面對教練的批評，作者的選擇是更加專注和刻苦的訓練。
3.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，教練告訴作者他將作為四分衛(wèi)首發(fā)出場，這正是作者一直期待的。由此判斷，作者非常激動。
4.D　主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者通過寫這篇文章，主要想告訴我們戰(zhàn)勝自我的重要性。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學家預(yù)言，由于全球變暖，大部分北極熊將在2100年面臨滅絕。
5.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，由于氣候變化，北極地區(qū)升溫的速度是其他地區(qū)的兩倍。
6.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，北極熊主要捕食海豹；雖然北極熊也擅長游泳，但是它在水里的速度不如海豹。
7.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，由于溫度不斷升高，北極地區(qū)無冰期來得早、持續(xù)時間長，其結(jié)果是北極熊沒有足夠的捕食區(qū)域從而缺乏食物。
8.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Peter Molnar認為，如果我們?nèi)祟惛淖冏约旱男袨?，北極熊并非注定要滅絕。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。2019年發(fā)生在南美的亞馬孫森林大火，對當?shù)氐膭又参镔Y源都帶來了巨大破壞。
9.G　下句暗示本段在說明人們?yōu)閬嗰R孫森林大火捐款這一話題，故G項符合語境。
10.A　本段主要說明亞馬孫雨林擁有豐富的動植物資源，故A項符合語境。
11.F　上句指出亞馬孫雨林有“地球之肺”這一稱謂，F(xiàn)項是對這一說法的補充說明，符合語境。
12.C　下句指出這次亞馬孫森林大火的真實原因，C項也是對大火原因的解釋，符合語境。
13.E　上句指出人們在雨季砍伐樹木，下文則是對人們破壞森林的進一步說明，故E項符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。如今越來越多的人選擇攀登珠穆朗瑪峰，可是，由于規(guī)則的不完善，很多攀登者喪生。
14.is permitted　考查語態(tài)。這里表示“被允許”攀登珠穆朗瑪峰，因此用被動語態(tài)。
15.laws　考查名詞。本空前面的all the暗示這里應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞law的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
16.has been　考查時態(tài)。本句時間狀語由ever since引起，暗示這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
17.poorest　考查形容詞。這里表示“全世界最貧窮的國家之一”，因此用形容詞的最高級形式。
18.the　考查冠詞。a number of ...表示“許多”，the number of ...表示“……的數(shù)量”，這里屬于后者。
19.taken　考查非謂語動詞。這里表示“被拍攝于5月22日的照片”，因此用過去分詞作后置定語。
20.their　考查代詞。make one’s way是固定短語，表示“行走，前進”。
21.to　hang on to sth是固定短語，表示“抓緊某物”。
22.which/that　考查定語從句。本空前面的rules為先行詞，這里應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)一個定語從句。
23.actually　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空后面是動詞go，因此這里應(yīng)用副詞來修飾它。
6 / 6Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
限制性定語從句（1）
1.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2.Eleven kilometres directly below the city， one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
3.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
4.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
5.Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
7.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.以上定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who、 which、 that、 whose引導(dǎo)，修飾　　　　　　，置于被修飾詞的后面。
2.關(guān)系代詞which、 that、 who在定語從句中可以作　　　　　　；關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作　　　　。
一、定義
1.在主從復(fù)合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫作定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞。
2.關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose）和關(guān)系副詞（when、 where、 why）兩類。
二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法
1.who指人，在定語從句中可以作主語、賓語或表語。
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷） My teacher who had always believed in me was proud of my achievement.（作主語）
我的老師一直相信我，為我的成就感到驕傲。
The man who we are talking about is an expert in IT.（作賓語）
我們正談?wù)摰哪莻€人是一位信息技術(shù)專家。
2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可以省略，也可以用who代替。
The girl whom the soldier rescued yesterday is John’s sister.（作賓語）
昨天這位士兵救的女孩是約翰的妹妹。
There are many people with whom you can share your feelings.（作賓語）
你可以與許多人分享自己的感受。
名師點津
（1）關(guān)系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who/that來代替。
The boy （who/whom/that） we saw yesterday is John’s brother.
昨天我們看到的那個男孩是約翰的哥哥。
（2）在定語從句中作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后時，用whom，不用who。
The young man to whom you spoke just now is my brother.
剛才和你說話的那個年輕人是我哥哥。
3.whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關(guān)系，在定語從句中作定語。
Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.（修飾人）
任何由于家境貧寒而上不起學的學生都可以得到政府的幫助。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.（修飾物）
他住在一個窗戶朝北的房間里。
3.whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關(guān)系，在定語從句中作定語。
Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.（修飾人）
任何由于家境貧寒而上不起學的學生都可以得到政府的幫助。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.（修飾物）
他住在一個窗戶朝北的房間里。
【即時演練1】　用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①As a Chinese 　　　　　　is interested in travelling， I would like to introduce my favourite city — Beijing.
②Those 　　　　　　want to see the film set down your names， please.
③The children 　　　　　　were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
④The doctor 　　　　　　my father worked with last year has gone abroad.
4.which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可以省略。
Everywhere I saw， there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.（作主語）
我看到到處都是被地震毀掉的建筑。
The gold medal （which） she won has been given to her old school.（作賓語）
她獲得的那塊金牌已經(jīng)被送給她的母校了。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.（作介詞in的賓語）
這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。
5.that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時可以省略。習慣上指人多用who、whom，指物多用which。
This is the novel that interests me.（指物，作主語）
這就是讓我感興趣的那本小說。
The magazine （that） I bought yesterday is lost.（指物，作賓語）
我昨天買的那本雜志丟了。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.（that指人，作主語）
每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百萬。
名師點津
關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語或表語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。
昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。
[誤]The film （that/which） we saw it last night was very frightening.
[正]The film （that/which） we saw last night was very frightening.
【即時演練2】　用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①Look， here are some people （　　　　　　　　） I want you to meet.
②I still remember the chicken farm （　　　　　　） we visited three months ago.
③The picture 　　　　　　was about the accident was terrible.
三、關(guān)系代詞只能用that而不用which的情況
1.當先行詞為all、 everything、 nothing、 anything、 much等不定代詞時。
Have you taken down everything （that） Mr Li said？
李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都已經(jīng)做了。
2.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。
The first thing that should be done is to call the police at once.
應(yīng)該做的第一件事就是馬上報警。
This is the most delicious food （that） I have ever had.
這是我吃過的最美味可口的食物。
3.當先行詞被all、 every、 no、 the only、 the very、 the last等修飾時。
This is the very novel that I have been searching for.
這就是我一直尋找的那本小說。
The only thing that I could do is to study for my goal.
我唯一能做的就是為我的目標而學習。
4.當先行詞既指人又指物時。
We often talk about the persons and things （that） we remember.
我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
①This is the most beautiful park 　　　　　.
這是我參觀過的最漂亮的公園。
②She took photographs of the things and people 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她把給她深刻印象的人和物都拍攝下來了。
③Chatting was the only thing 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
聊天是她唯一感興趣的事。
supply n.供應(yīng)（量）；補給；[pl.] 補給品 vt.供應(yīng)；供給
【教材原句】　The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向災(zāi)區(qū)提供的補給品是從全國各地收集來的。
【用法】
（1）a good/large supply of 大量的/充足的供應(yīng)
in short supply 供應(yīng)不足
（2）把某物/供應(yīng)
給某人/某物
【佳句】?、買t is believed that there is a good supply of fresh water.
人們一般認為淡水供應(yīng)很充足。
②An informer supplied the police with the names of those involved in the crime.
一名線人向警方提供了涉案人員的姓名。
【點津】　表示“為某人提供某物”的其他短語：
provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb
offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are 　　　　　　short supply in this country.
②At the beginning of the term， students 　　　　　　　（supply） with all kinds of books to read.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③在可怕的地震之后，我們給無家可歸的人提供了食物和衣服。
→After the terrible earthquake， we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
→After the terrible earthquake， we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艱難度過
【教材原句】　She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.
她正在喂那個從地震中幸存下來的嬰兒。
【用法】
survive sth　　　幸免于；從……中挺過來/活過來
survive from ... 從……留存下來
survive sb by ... 比某人多活……
survive on ... 依靠……生存
【佳句】　Though he survived the earthquake，the boy had his left leg injured.
雖然這個男孩在地震中幸存下來，但他的左腿受傷了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　　　 （survive） an earthquake， you need to prepare some water on hand.
②The old lady has survived her sister 　　　ten years.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Some traditional customs 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
一些傳統(tǒng)習俗是從早期遺留下來的。
power n.電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力；有影響力的大國 vt.提供動力，驅(qū)動
【教材原句】　Go to an open space away from buildings， trees， or power lines.
走到遠離建筑物、樹木或電線的開闊地帶。
【用法】
（1）have the power to do sth　有能力做某事
come to power 上臺；執(zhí)政
be in power 執(zhí)政；掌權(quán)
beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力
do everything in one’s power　竭盡全力
（2）powerful adj. 強有力的
【佳句】　Being a powerful person，he has the power to deal with all kinds of problems.
作為一個有影響力的人，他有能力處理各種各樣的問題。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Though he has been 　　　　　　power for two years， he hasn’t found an effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
②Unfortunately， it’s 　　　　　　my power to get through the work in such a short time.
【寫美】　完成句子
③As your closest friend， I will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
作為你最親密的朋友，我會竭盡全力幫助你。
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.名詞或代詞　2.主語或賓語　定語
即時演練1
①who?、趙ho?、踳ho/that　④whom
即時演練2
①who/whom/that?、趖hat/which　③which/that
即時演練3
①（that） I have visited?、冢╰hat） she was impressed with
③that interested her
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①in?、赼re supplied　③supplied food and clothes to the homeless； supplied the homeless with food and clothes
2.①To survive?、赽y
③have survived from earlier times
3.①in　②beyond?、踕o everything in my power to help you
5 / 5(共73張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　
Discovering Useful Structures
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
限制性定語從句（1）
1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2. Eleven kilometres directly below the city， one of the most deadly
earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a quake that even caused
damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
3. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
4. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was
more than 400，000.
5. Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to
dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
7. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected
from around the country.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 以上定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who、 which、 that、 whose引導(dǎo)，修
飾 ，置于被修飾詞的后面。
2. 關(guān)系代詞which、 that、 who在定語從句中可以作 ；
關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作 。
名詞或代詞　
主語或賓語　
定語　
一、定義
1. 在主從復(fù)合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫作定
語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫
作關(guān)系詞。
2. 關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose）和關(guān)
系副詞（when、 where、 why）兩類。
二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法
1. who指人，在定語從句中可以作主語、賓語或表語。
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷） My teacher who had always believed in me was
proud of my achievement.（作主語）
我的老師一直相信我，為我的成就感到驕傲。
The man who we are talking about is an expert in IT. （作賓語）
我們正談?wù)摰哪莻€人是一位信息技術(shù)專家。
2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可以省略，也可以用who代替。
The girl whom the soldier rescued yesterday is John’s sister.（作賓語）
昨天這位士兵救的女孩是約翰的妹妹。
There are many people with whom you can share your feelings.
（作賓語）
你可以與許多人分享自己的感受。
名師點津
（1）關(guān)系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho/that來代替。
The boy （who/whom/that） we saw yesterday is John’s brother.
昨天我們看到的那個男孩是約翰的哥哥。
（2）在定語從句中作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后時，用whom，不
用who。
The young man to whom you spoke just now is my brother.
剛才和你說話的那個年輕人是我哥哥。
3. whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關(guān)系，在定語從句中
作定語。
Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from
the government.（修飾人）
任何由于家境貧寒而上不起學的學生都可以得到政府的幫助。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.（修飾物）
他住在一個窗戶朝北的房間里。
【即時演練1】　用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①As a Chinese is interested in travelling， I would like to
introduce my favourite city — Beijing.
②Those want to see the film set down your names， please.
③The children were injured in a car accident are being
treated in the hospital now.
④The doctor my father worked with last year has gone abroad.
who　
who　
who/that　
whom　
4. which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可以省略。
Everywhere I saw， there were buildings which had been destroyed by
the earthquake.（作主語）
我看到到處都是被地震毀掉的建筑。
The gold medal （which） she won has been given to her old school.
（作賓語）
她獲得的那塊金牌已經(jīng)被送給她的母校了。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.（作介詞in的賓語）這是
魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。
5. that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表
語，作賓語時可以省略。習慣上指人多用who、whom，指物多用
which。
This is the novel that interests me.（指物，作主語）
這就是讓我感興趣的那本小說。
The magazine （that） I bought yesterday is lost.（指物，作賓語）我
昨天買的那本雜志丟了。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches
one million.（that指人，作主語）
每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百萬。
名師點津
關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語或表語，因
此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。
昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。
[誤]The film （that/which） we saw it last night was very frightening.
[正]The film （that/which） we saw last night was very frightening.
【即時演練2】　用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①Look， here are some people （　 ?。?I want you to
meet.
②I still remember the chicken farm （　 ?。?we visited three
months ago.
③The picture was about the accident was terrible.
who/whom/that　
that/which　
which/that　
三、關(guān)系代詞只能用that而不用which的情況
1. 當先行詞為all、 everything、 nothing、 anything、 much等不
定代詞時。
Have you taken down everything （that） Mr Li said？
李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都已經(jīng)做了。
2. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。
The first thing that should be done is to call the police at once.
應(yīng)該做的第一件事就是馬上報警。
This is the most delicious food （that） I have ever had.
這是我吃過的最美味可口的食物。
3. 當先行詞被all、 every、 no、 the only、 the very、 the last等
修飾時。
This is the very novel that I have been searching for.
這就是我一直尋找的那本小說。
The only thing that I could do is to study for my goal.
我唯一能做的就是為我的目標而學習。
4. 當先行詞既指人又指物時。
We often talk about the persons and things （that） we remember.
我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
①This is the most beautiful park .
這是我參觀過的最漂亮的公園。
②She took photographs of the things and people
.
她把給她深刻印象的人和物都拍攝下來了。
③Chatting was the only thing .
聊天是她唯一感興趣的事。
（that） I have visited　
（that） she was
impressed with　
that interested her　
知識要點·須拾遺
關(guān)注高頻詞匯
2
supply n.供應(yīng)（量）；補給；[pl.] 補給品 vt.供應(yīng)；供給
【教材原句】　The supplies which were provided to the disaster area
were collected from around the country.
向災(zāi)區(qū)提供的補給品是從全國各地收集來的。
【用法】
【佳句】　①It is believed that there is a good supply of fresh water.人們
一般認為淡水供應(yīng)很充足。
②An informer supplied the police with the names of those involved in the
crime.
一名線人向警方提供了涉案人員的姓名。
【點津】　表示“為某人提供某物”的其他短語：
provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb
offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are short supply
in this country.
②At the beginning of the term， students （supply）
with all kinds of books to read.
in　
are supplied　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③在可怕的地震之后，我們給無家可歸的人提供了食物和衣服。
→After the terrible earthquake， we
.
→After the terrible earthquake， we
.
supplied food and clothes to the
homeless　
supplied the homeless with food
and clothes　
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艱難度過
【教材原句】　She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. 她
正在喂那個從地震中幸存下來的嬰兒。
survive sth　　幸免于；從……中挺過來/活過來
survive from ...　從……留存下來
survive sb by ... 比某人多活……
survive on ... 依靠……生存
【用法】
【佳句】　Though he survived the earthquake，the boy had his left leg
injured.雖然這個男孩在地震中幸存下來，但他的左腿受傷了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
① （survive） an earthquake， you need to prepare some
water on hand.
②The old lady has survived her sister ten years.
To survive　
by　
【寫美】　完成句子
③Some traditional customs .一些傳
統(tǒng)習俗是從早期遺留下來的。
have survived from earlier times　
power n.電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力；有影響力的大國 vt.提供
動力，驅(qū)動
【教材原句】　Go to an open space away from buildings， trees， or
power lines.
走到遠離建筑物、樹木或電線的開闊地帶。
（1）have the power to do sth　　有能力做某事
come to power 上臺；執(zhí)政
be in power 執(zhí)政；掌權(quán)
beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力
do everything in one’s power 竭盡全力
（2）powerful adj. 強有力的
【用法】
【佳句】　Being a powerful person，he has the power to deal with all
kinds of problems.
作為一個有影響力的人，他有能力處理各種各樣的問題。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Though he has been power for two years， he hasn’t found an
effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
②Unfortunately， it’s my power to get through the work in
such a short time.
in　
beyond　
【寫美】　完成句子
③As your closest friend， I will
.
作為你最親密的朋友，我會竭盡全力幫助你。
do everything in my power to help
you　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
　　用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。
1. The research finds that people keep fit are more likely to
be positive about life.
2. All the things I saw in the earthquake came as a shock to me.
3. A study shows the students who take part in extra-curricular activities are
happier than those do not.
who/that　
that　
who　
4. I still remember the earthquake happened in this area.
5. The first thing he did after arriving home was doing his
homework.
6. It is the tallest building John has seen ever since he came here.
7. The flood destroyed all the books were put on the first floor.
8. The pen he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
9. Children diet is high in fat will put on weight quickly.
10. The little boy wrote a thank-you note to the firefighters by
he was rescued.
that/which　
that　
that　
that　
that/which　
whose　
whom　
11. I got in touch with Michael I have been losing
contact with for one year.
12. We paid a visit to the museum was built two years ago.
whom/that/who　
which/that　
維度二：用定語從句合并句子
1. I live next door to a couple.The couple’s children often make a lot of
noise.
→

2. The old temple is now under repair.The temple’s roof was damaged in a
rainstorm.
→

I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of
noise.　
The old temple whose roof was damaged in a rainstorm is now
under repair.　
3. The CCTV reporter is interviewing a lady.The lady survived the flood.
→

4. The female volunteer will remember the soldier.The female volunteer
worked with the soldier during the quake.
→

The CCTV reporter is interviewing a lady who/that survived the
flood.　
The female volunteer will remember the soldier whom she worked
with during the quake.　
5. Education should be the most important thing.Parents are greatly
concerned about it.
→

6. The volcanic eruption damaged a lot of farmland and destroyed many
houses.The volcanic eruption happened last year.
→

Education should be the most important thing that parents are
greatly concerned about.　
The volcanic eruption that/which happened last year damaged a lot
of farmland and destroyed many houses.　
維度三：語法與寫作
1. Those were waiting for the helicopter to
deliver supplies.
那些留在避難所的人正在等待直升機運送物資。
2. After the earthquake， we supplied shelters and first aid to the
people .
地震后，我們?yōu)闊o家可歸的人提供了避難所和急救。
3. Happiness is one of the things .
幸福是金錢買不到的東西之一。
who stayed in the shelter　
who became homeless　
which/that money cannot buy　
4. It’s impossible to defeat a person ！
打敗一個永不放棄的人是不可能的！
5. The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings
.
長城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。
6. We have only one Earth，
.
我們只有一個地球，這是各國人民共同的家園。
who never gives up　
that attract lots
of visitors　
which is the common home of people of all
countries　
7. The day will surely come
of national renewal！
中華民族實現(xiàn)偉大復(fù)興夢想的一天一定會到來！
when the Chinese nation realises its
dream　
維度四：語法與語篇
　　用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞完成下面短文。
Do you know the man 1. wrote this book？He was
Jason， one of the engineers 2. came from Russia in the
1950s.He worked in the same factory where my father once worked.When
he came to China， the first thing 3. he did was to visit the factory
4. did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason
why China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute 5. he
could spare to help China develop transportation.As is mentioned above，
Jason was a foreigner 6. made great contributions to our
country and was a kind man to 7. we should say thanks.
who/that　
who/that　
that　
which/that　
that　
who/that　
whom　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　“What’s wrong with you？ You’re disappointing me.Where’s the Sean
I once knew in high school？” the coach looked at me angrily.
　　It was my second year at Brigham Young University （BYU） before
football camp.The thing that really annoyed me， though， was that coach
was right.Even though I was spending long hours practicing， I wasn’t
truly committed （專注的）.
　　I had a hard decision to make — I had to either quit football or work
even harder.Over the next several weeks， I had a war inside my head and
came face-to-face with many fears and self-doubts.Once I tried my best，
everything changed.I began taking chances and making big improvements
on the field.My heart was in it now.I knew it， and the coach saw that.
　　During the Midseason， there would be a big game.We were to play
Air Force on ESPN， in front of 65，000 fans.A week before the game，
the coach called me into his office and told me that I would be the starting
quarterback （四分衛(wèi)）.That was what I had been expecting for！
　　Game day finally arrived.After a few minutes I settled down and led
our team to victory.I was even named the ESPN Player of the
Game.Afterward， lots of people congratulated me on the victory and my
performance.That felt good.But they didn’t know the full story.They
thought that victory had taken place on the field that day in the public eye.I
knew it happened months before in the privacy of my own head.Beating
Air Force was a much easier challenge than overcoming （戰(zhàn)勝）
myself.As the saying goes， “We have met the enemy and he is us.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在受到教練的批評后，沒有氣
餒，而是戰(zhàn)勝內(nèi)心的恐懼和懷疑，更加刻苦地訓練。最后他取得了
非常優(yōu)異的成績。
本文是一篇記敘文。作者在受到教練的批評后，沒有氣
餒，而是戰(zhàn)勝內(nèi)心的恐懼和懷疑，更加刻苦地訓練。最后他取得了
非常優(yōu)異的成績。
1. Why did the coach become angry？
A. The author lost a match.
B. The author was very lazy.
C. The author didn’t listen to him.
D. The author didn’t take practice seriously.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，作者的主要問題是不夠
專注和認真。
2. What did the author do to improve the situation？
A. He took part in some matches.
B. He trained harder than before.
C. He turned to his coach for help.
D. He asked for some suggestions.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，面對教練的批評，作者
的選擇是更加專注和刻苦的訓練。
3. How did the author feel after he left the coach’s office？
A. Very excited.
B. Very worried.
C. Very confident.
D. Very disappointed.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，教練告訴作者他將
作為四分衛(wèi)首發(fā)出場，這正是作者一直期待的。由此判斷，作者非
常激動。
4. What does the author mainly want to tell us by writing the text？
A. The power of working hard.
B. The power of having a dream.
C. The importance of a good coach.
D. The importance of beating yourself.
解析：　主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者通過寫這篇文
章，主要想告訴我們戰(zhàn)勝自我的重要性。
B
Scientists predict that most polar bears will die out by the year 2100
because of global warming.
　　Polar bears are found in the far north， inside the Arctic
Circle.Scientists believe there are about 25，000 polar bears left.Polar
bears spend most of their lives on the ice which covers the Arctic seas.
　　As the world gets hotter because of man-made climate change， the
Arctic is warming about twice as quickly as other places.This is making the
ice cap smaller and thinner.For polar bears， that’s a matter of life and
death.Polar bears rely on the sea ice to travel and hunt.
　　Seals are polar bears’ main food.Polar bears usually catch seals in
places where the ice meets the water.To catch seals， the bears need to be
able to walk and run across the ice.Polar bears are strong swimmers， but
they’re not fast enough to catch seals in the water.
　　Summers are the hardest time for polar bears.With less ice to travel
on， they’re forced to spend more time on land， where there isn’t much
food.Polar bears are known to go as long as six months without food.But
rising temperatures in the Arctic are causing ice-free times to come sooner
and last longer， and the bears have less area for hunting.That means the
bears need to go without food for longer.
　　The scientists believe that by 2040， polar bears will start dying out
in southern areas of the Arctic， like Canada.In places like Alaska and
Russia， the bears may start to die out by 2080.
　　To help save polar bears， rapid action is needed to reduce the effect
of global heating.Though that may not seem likely， it is still possible.As
researcher Peter Molnar says， “There is hope that they are not completely
doomed， if we change our behaviour.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文?？茖W家預(yù)言，由于全球變暖，大部
分北極熊將在2100年面臨滅絕。
本文是一篇說明文。科學家預(yù)言，由于全球變暖，大部
分北極熊將在2100年面臨滅絕。
5. What do we learn about the Arctic？
A. It’s getting colder slowly.
B. It’s getting warmer slowly.
C. It’s getting warmer quickly.
D. Its temperature keeps the same.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，由于氣候變化，北極地
區(qū)升溫的速度是其他地區(qū)的兩倍。
6. Which is TRUE about polar bears？
A. They are eaten by seals.
B. They swim slower than seals.
C. They aren’t as strong as seals.
D. They aren’t good at swimming.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，北極熊主要捕食海豹；
雖然北極熊也擅長游泳，但是它在水里的速度不如海豹。
7. What is the result of climate change in the Arctic？
A. Ice caps become thicker.
B. Ice-free times come later.
C. Ice seasons become longer.
D. Polar bears will face hunger.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，由于溫度不斷升高，北
極地區(qū)無冰期來得早、持續(xù)時間長，其結(jié)果是北極熊沒有足夠的捕
食區(qū)域從而缺乏食物。
8. Peter Molnar’s attitude to the protection of polar bears can be described
as 　　　　.
A. hopeful B. worried
C. doubtful D. surprised
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Peter Molnar認為，如
果我們?nèi)祟惛淖冏约旱男袨?，北極熊并非注定要滅絕。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　The fires in many parts of Brazil’s Amazon area have brought an
international outcry to save the world’s largest rainforest.
　9　 Actor Leonardo DiCaprio also offered $5 million for efforts to
save the forest.
The World Wildlife Foundation （WWF） says the world’s largest
rainforest contains millions of species of plants and animals. 　10　
Among the best known animals are jaguars， eagles， pink river
dolphins， parrots， large snakes and many butterflies.
The WWF says the forests contain over 40，000 kinds of plants and
the 6，500 kilometers of rivers contain 3，000 kinds of freshwater
fish.More than 30 million people live in the Amazon area and depend on
the forests for food and shelter.
The rainforest is often called the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”. 　11　 Carlos
Nobre is a University of Sao Paulo climate scientist.He said a better way to
think about the Amazon’s role is as a sink， taking CO2 from the
atmosphere.
Currently， the world is releasing around 36 billion metric tons of
CO2 into the atmosphere every year.And the Amazon absorbs about five
percent of the CO2， making it important in preventing climate change.
　12　 They are mostly set illegally by people who are clearing the
forest to raise cattle and crops.
People clear the land by cutting down the trees during the rainy
season. 　13　 Fully clearing the thick forest for agricultural use can take
several years of cutting and burning.
A. Many of them are still unknown.
B. The fire led to international concern.
C. The current fires in the Amazon are not wildfires.
D. The Amazon rainforest is important to rainfall in the area.
E. Then they let the trees dry out and burn them during the dry season.
F. But that might not be the best way to describe the area’s importance.
G. Wealthy nations have offered Brazil at least $22 million to fight the
fires.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。2019年發(fā)生在南美的亞馬孫森林大
火，對當?shù)氐膭又参镔Y源都帶來了巨大破壞。
本文是一篇說明文。2019年發(fā)生在南美的亞馬孫森林大
火，對當?shù)氐膭又参镔Y源都帶來了巨大破壞。
9. G　下句暗示本段在說明人們?yōu)閬嗰R孫森林大火捐款這一話題，故
G項符合語境。
10. A　本段主要說明亞馬孫雨林擁有豐富的動植物資源，故A項符合
語境。
11. F　上句指出亞馬孫雨林有“地球之肺”這一稱謂，F(xiàn)項是對這一說
法的補充說明，符合語境。
12. C　下句指出這次亞馬孫森林大火的真實原因，C項也是對大火原
因的解釋，符合語境。
13. E　上句指出人們在雨季砍伐樹木，下文則是對人們破壞森林的進
一步說明，故E項符合語境。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　A Nepalese official says that we should examine the rules on
who 　14　 （permit） to climb Mount Everest， the world’s tallest
mountain.
　　Yagya Raj Sunuwar told The New York Times， “It is time to review
all the old 　15　 （law）.” The parliament member’s comment comes
after the deaths of at least 11 climbers this year.
　　Climbing Everest 　16　 （be） a dream for many people ever since
Edmund Hillary and his guide， Tenzing Norgay， reached the top of the
mountain in 1953.
　　Nepal is one of the world’s 　17　 （poor） countries.The climbing
industry brings in $300 million each year.Officials do not limit 　18　
number of permits the country issues to climbers.
　　This year， the government of Nepal issued Everest permits to 381
people， the highest number ever.Anyone can get a permit for an $11，
000 fee.
　　A picture 　19　 （take） on 22 May shows a long line of climbers
wearing colorful winter clothes as they make 　20　 （they） way up the
mountain.The climbers are standing on a snow-covered ridge （山脊）
with a 2，000-meter drop on either side.They are hanging on 　21　 a
single line of rope.
　　“There were more people on Everest than there should be，” said Kul
Bahadur Gurung， the general secretary of the Nepal Mountaineering
Association.He added， “We lack the rules 　22　 say how many people
can 　23　 （actual） go up and when.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。如今越來越多的人選擇攀登珠穆朗
瑪峰，可是，由于規(guī)則的不完善，很多攀登者喪生。
14. is permitted　考查語態(tài)。這里表示“被允許”攀登珠穆朗瑪峰，因此
用被動語態(tài)。
15. laws　考查名詞。本空前面的all the暗示這里應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞law的復(fù)
數(shù)形式。
16. has been　考查時態(tài)。本句時間狀語由ever since引起，暗示這里應(yīng)
用現(xiàn)在完成時。
本文是一篇說明文。如今越來越多的人選擇攀登珠穆朗
瑪峰，可是，由于規(guī)則的不完善，很多攀登者喪生。
17. poorest　考查形容詞。這里表示“全世界最貧窮的國家之一”，因此
用形容詞的最高級形式。
18. the　考查冠詞。a number of ...表示“許多”，the number of ...表示
“……的數(shù)量”，這里屬于后者。
19. taken　考查非謂語動詞。這里表示“被拍攝于5月22日的照片”，因
此用過去分詞作后置定語。
20. their　考查代詞。make one’s way是固定短語，表示“行走，前
進”。
21. to　hang on to sth是固定短語，表示“抓緊某物”。
22. which/that　考查定語從句。本空前面的rules為先行詞，這里應(yīng)用
關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)一個定語從句。
23. actually　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空后面是動詞go，因此這里應(yīng)用副詞
來修飾它。
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