資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
維度一：品句填詞
1.It is said that he b　　　　　　 himself in the country to write a book last year.
2.I was doing an experiment in the lab when the e　　　　　　 was off.
3.Around 540 million people are a　　　　　　 by second-hand smoke， which causes 100，000 deaths per year.
4.Tom 　　　　　　（營救） a boy from the river on his way home.
5.His bad habit 　　　　　　（毀壞） his chance of having a bright future.
6.The local government is making every 　　　　　（努力） to help those affected in the flood.
7.When I was walking in the street， I saw a man 　　　　　　（滑動） on a skateboard.
8.Millions of people offered help to the people in the 　　　　　　（被淹沒的） area.
9.Whenever a natural 　　　　　　（災(zāi)難） occurs， soldiers are always ready to protect people’s lives.
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1.Thousands of people are missing； the number of 　　　　　　（dead） is growing.
2.Though she went through so much 　　　　　（suffer）， she did not give in.
3.As far as I know， she is a woman of great 　　　　　　　　（wise）.
4.It is a pity that the 500-year-old wooden tower 　　　　　　　　（destroy） in the tsunami last year.
5.He sat at a wooden table， 　　　　　　（bury） in reading English articles.
6.After the terrible landslide， the whole village lay in 　　　　　　（ruin） and many volunteers came to the villagers’ rescue.
7.By the end of last week， the soldiers 　　　　　（rescue） 100 people.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Don’t leave children 　　　　　　（surf） the Internet for a long time on weekends.
2.He talks as if he 　　　　　　（know） everything.
3.The terrible storm flooded the area， 　　　　　（ruin） our trip.
4.The typhoon did damage 　　　　　　the area and caused 100 deaths.
5.These problems 　　　　　　　　（很難解決）， so I am writing to turn to you for help.
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （無論他去哪里旅行）， the man takes amazing photos of sights.
7.The party is 　　　　　　　　　（即將結(jié)束） and we are going to leave.
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （三分之二的學(xué)生） have taken part in the physical activity.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Several days before 28 July 1976， many strange things happened in Tangshan. The water in the village wells rose and fell. Deep cracks appeared in the well walls， and even 1.　　　　 （smell） gas was coming out of one well. Some animals also had some unusual behaviour. But people in the city， 2.　　　　　　 were asleep as usual that night， didn’t think much of these.
At 3：42 a.m.， one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century broke out. It destroyed the city and even caused damage in Beijing. In less than one minute， Tangshan 3.　　　　 （lie） in ruins. The number of people who were killed or 4.　　　　　 （terrible） injured in the quake 5.　　　　　　 （be） more than 400，000. Later that afternoon， another big quake struck Tangshan again. More buildings fell down. Water， food， and electricity were hard 6.　　　　　　 （get）.
But all the hope wasn’t lost. Soon after the quakes， teams were organised to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Many more people， 7.　　　　　　 （include） workers and doctors， came to provide help. Through all the 8.　　　　　　 （effort）， the city began to breathe again.
Today， 9.　　　　　　 new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins， which has proved 10.　　　　　　 the entire world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　This morning my family and I went to a friend’s home to help her get things back in order.She was one of the unfortunate people whose home was recently destroyed by a tornado.One side of her home fell off and the roof was gone over a large part of the house.Torrential rain fell the rest of the night and all of the next day following the tornado， creating even more damage to her belongings.The home is a total loss.Still， there is much that is valuable， and our job today was to help her sort through the debris and find anything with actual value that she may want to take with her.
My husband helped to move furniture and other things to the storeroom while our two younger children helped clean up the yard.My oldest daughter and her boyfriend helped as well， and my another daughter with me swept up all of the areas of debris， sorting it for things that are important.We worked systematically， clearing the main living space first， then moving on to the kitchen， laundry area， then the master bedroom.
By the time we were done today， though there was no denying the home had met with disaster， we had gone far to restore order from the loss that had been there before.
My thought in entering the day was that our friend， who had been having trouble sleeping， was being affected by that loss negatively.I hoped that if we could restore order， she would finally start to feel some sense of peace and her mind would quiet and allow her the much-needed rest she so deserves.
She posted on Facebook just a little while ago that for the first time she was sleeping at night.For me， what a wonderful and deeply meaningful way to begin the New Year！
1.What does the underlined word “debris” in Paragraph 1 mean？
A.The dust caused by tornado.
B.Something that is valuable.
C.Something that the owner needs.
D.The remains of something destroyed.
2.How many children does the author have at least？
A.5.　　　　B.4. C.3.　　　　D.2.
3.What can we learn from the passage？
A.The author’s friend has no family.
B.The author’s family did much to restore order.
C.The author’s friend couldn’t sleep well owing to the loss.
D.The author’s family managed to help her friend rebuild a new house.
4.What’s the best title for the text？
A.A Way to Help Friends
B.The Love from Friends
C.The Loss after the Tornado
D.A Way to Welcome the New Year
B
　　The worst outbreak of desert locusts （蝗蟲） in Kenya in 70 years has seen hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the East African nation from Somalia and Ethiopia.Those two countries have not had an infestation （侵?jǐn)_） like this in a quarter-century， destroying farmland and threatening the region with serious hunger.
“Even cows are wondering what is happening，” said Ndunda Makanga， who spent hours Friday trying to chase the locusts from his farm.“Corn， sorghum， cowpeas， they have eaten everything.”
“Even a small swarm of the insects can consume enough food for 35，000 people in a single day，” said Jens Laerke of the UN humanitarian office in Geneva.
About 70，000 hectares — 172，973 acres — of land in Kenya are attacked.A single swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square kilometer of farmland — an area the size of almost 250 football fields， authorities say.
“We must act immediately，” said David Phiri of the UN Food and Agricultural Organization.
About $70 million is needed to step up aerial pesticide （殺蟲劑） spraying， the only effective way to fight them， the UN says.That won’t be easy， especially in Somalia.
Astonished by the finger-length insects， children dash here and there， waving blankets to shake the locusts free.Farmers are afraid to let their cattle out for grazing， and their crops are in danger， but there is little they can do.
One especially large swarm in northeastern Kenya measured 60 kilometers long by 40 kilometers wide （37 miles long by 25 miles wide）.
“The locals are really scared because they can consume everything，” said Francis Kitoo， deputy director of agriculture in southeastern Kenya’s Kitui county.“I’ve never seen such a big number.” He expressed his own concern about the locusts. “They will lay eggs and start another generation，” he said.
5.What did Ndunda Makanga want to express about the outbreak of locusts？
A.It’s very serious.
B.It’s very surprising.
C.It happens frequently.
D.It leads to heavy losses.
6.How does the author describe the outbreak of locusts？
A.By telling some stories.
B.By providing some facts.
C.By listing some numbers.
D.By giving some examples.
7.How did the farmers react to the big number of locusts？
A.They were very brave.
B.They let their cattle out.
C.They sprayed pesticide.
D.They were helpless indeed.
8.What’s Francis Kitoo’s attitude towards the future？
A.Worried. B.Confused.
C.Confident. D.Disappointed.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　No one had called me Melissa in months.　9　 my name was something I took for granted （想當(dāng)然） before the pandemic.But now I wasn’t 　10　 time with my friends who know me as Melissa.I had been 　11　 with my two children for months.
Something happened when I 　12　 hearing my name， though.Before I became Mama， I was Melissa.“We 　13　 the name， and there were no other Melissas.It was special，” my mom said.Then I 　14　 kindergarten， and there were three Melissas in my class.From that moment until the start of middle school， I was Melissa S.
Even though I didn’t love adding a letter to my name in school， I never thought about 　15　 my name.Even as a grown-up， I have never thought a different name would 　16　 me better.I am Melissa， and my name is a big part of my identity （身份）.Except during the pandemic， when a big part of myself went 　17　.
After a few months at home， I 　18　 to do something just for me.I 　19　 for a writing class.
On the first day， the instructor began class by 　20　 us all by name and introducing our first task.“I want you to start by writing ‘Right now， I am，’and then continue with whatever 　21　 that，” she said.
Ten minutes later， she asked us to begin 　22　.
“Melissa， we’ll start with you，” my teacher said.
“Right now， I am happy，” I said.“I’m happy to be writing， and 　23　 happy to hear my name.”
9.A.Hearing B.Giving
C.Choosing D.Keeping
10.A.saving B.spending
C.fixing D.wasting
11.A.at school B.at work
C.at war D.at home
12.A.enjoyed B.forgot
C.stopped D.finished
13.A.mentioned B.considered
C.loved D.accepted
14.A.left B.began
C.picked D.avoided
15.A.changing B.using
C.losing D.hiding
16.A.serve B.help
C.fit D.know
17.A.wrong B.missing
C.nervous D.crazy
18.A.decided B.regretted
C.waited D.agreed
19.A.got up B.stood up
C.made up D.signed up
20.A.teaching B.surprising
C.questioning D.calling
21.A.proves B.develops
C.follows D.joins
22.A.preparing B.sharing
C.exercising D.discussing
23.A.especially B.usually
C.probably D.generally
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.buried　2.electricity　3.affected　4.rescued　5.ruined
6.effort　7.sliding　8.flooded　9.disaster
維度二
1.deaths　2.suffering　3.wisdom　4.was destroyed
5.buried　6.ruins　7.had rescued
維度三
1.surfing　2.knew　3.ruining　4.to　5.are hard to solve　6.Wherever he travels　7.coming to an end
8.Two thirds of the students
維度四
1.smelly　2.who　3.lay　4.terribly　5.was　6.to get
7.including　8.efforts　9.a　10.to
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。朋友家不幸遭遇龍卷風(fēng)襲擊，作者一家在新年這一天去幫助朋友收拾殘局。
1.D　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，作者和家人在整理龍卷風(fēng)席卷后殘留的碎片，并從中找出有價值的東西。
2.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的 our two younger children、 My oldest daughter和my another daughter可知，作者至少有四個孩子。
3.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段內(nèi)容可知，作者和家人為恢復(fù)正常的秩序做了很多事。
4.D　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容及作者最后點(diǎn)題的一句話For me，what a wonderful and deeply meaningful way to begin the New Year！可知，D項(xiàng)為文章最佳標(biāo)題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了肯尼亞遭受的一場規(guī)模空前的蝗災(zāi)襲擊。
5.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，Ndunda Makanga提到“甚至牛也不知所措”以及“蝗蟲的無所不食”，充分說明了這次蝗災(zāi)的嚴(yán)重性。
6.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三至八段可知，作者主要通過列數(shù)字的方式來說明這次蝗災(zāi)的嚴(yán)重程度。
7.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，面對鋪天蓋地的蝗蟲，農(nóng)民們束手無策。
8.A　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，F(xiàn)rancis Kitoo說他從沒看到過如此多的蝗蟲，并表示最大的擔(dān)心是這些蝗蟲將繁殖出下一代蝗蟲。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者與外界隔絕太久，她渴望聽到別人叫自己的名字。報(bào)名參加一個寫作班使她的愿望得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
9.A　根據(jù)上文No one had called me Melissa in months.和下文hearing my name， though可知，好幾個月作者都沒有聽到別人叫她的名字。
10.B　根據(jù)下文with my two children for months 可知，流行病期間，作者沒有花時間跟朋友們在一起，而是跟孩子們在家。
11.D　參見上題解析。
12.C　根據(jù)上文No one had called me Melissa in months.可知，作者沒有再聽到別人叫她的名字。
13.C　根據(jù)母親所說的話It was special可知，她應(yīng)該是喜歡Melissa，才給作者起了這個名字。
14.B　根據(jù)下文there were three Melissas in my class可知，這里指作者開始上幼兒園。
15.A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者從幼兒園開始到中學(xué)，一直被別人叫作Melissa S，但即便如此，她也從未想過要換名字。
16.C　作者之所以不換名字，是因?yàn)樗X得Melissa最適合她。
17.B　根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，流行病期間，沒人喊作者的名字，所以作者覺得她自己的一部分缺失了。
18.A　根據(jù)下文作者對第一節(jié)寫作課的描述可知，她決定為自己做點(diǎn)事，于是報(bào)名參加了寫作班。
19.D　參見上題解析。
20.D　根據(jù)下文中的all by name可知，在第一節(jié)課上，老師用名字稱呼每一個學(xué)員。
21.C　根據(jù)上文start by和continue with 可知，老師讓學(xué)員以Right now， I am開頭寫作，隨后想寫什么就寫什么。
22.B　根據(jù)下文作者讀自己的作品可知，布置完任務(wù)十分鐘后，老師讓學(xué)員分享他們寫好的作品。
23.A　根據(jù)全文可知，由于流行病，作者好久沒有聽到別人叫她的名字，她非常渴望再次聽到別人叫她的名字。寫作課上她的愿望得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以她當(dāng)天很開心，特別是聽到別人叫她的名字。
5 / 5Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside① of northeastern Hebei.For several days， the water in the village wells rose and fell， rose and fell.There were deep cracks②[1] that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly gas③ [2]coming out of it.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to④ eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of⑤ the fields [3]looking for places to hide， and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a.m.， on 28 July 1976， bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual⑥ that night.
　　[1]此處是由關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞cracks，that在從句中作主語，不能省略。
[2]此處是動詞-ing短語作后置定語，修飾gas。
[3]此處是動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語。
　　At 3：42 a.m.， everything began to shake.It seemed as if⑦ the world were coming to an end⑧ ！ Eleven kilometres directly below the city， one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a quake that even caused damage⑩ more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it！ A huge crack， eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide， cut across houses， roads， and waterways .Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute， a large city lay in ruins .Two thirds of the people [4]who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people [5]who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
　　[4][5]兩句都是由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞people， who在從句中作主語。
[6]Everywhere survivors looked， there was nothing but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings， 90 percent of its homes， and all of its hospitals were gon.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves， but no wind could blow them awa.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal .Tens of thousands of cows， hundreds of thousands of pigs， and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were in shock — and then， later that afternoon， another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water， food， and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder [7]how long the disaster would last.
　　[6]此處是由從屬連詞everywhere引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。
[7]此處是由how long引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
　　But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trappe and to bury the dea.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical car.Workers built shelters for survivors [8]whose homes had been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train， truck， and plane.Slowly， the city began to breathe again.
　　[8]此處是由關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞survivors，whose在從句中作定語修飾homes。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet .With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people， a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people， with great improvements in transportation， industry， and environment.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
【讀文清障】
①in the countryside 在農(nóng)村
②crack n.裂紋；裂縫
vi.& vt.（使）破裂
③gas n.氣體；燃?xì)猓黄?br/>④too ...to ...太……而不能……
⑤run out of 從……跑出來；用光
⑥as usual 像往常一樣
than usual 比往常……
⑦as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
⑧come to an end 結(jié)束
⑨deadly adj.致命的；死一般的
⑩cause damage 造成損失/損害
cut across 橫穿；抄近路穿過
waterway n.水路；航道
less than 少于
more than 多于；不僅僅是；非常
ruin n.& vt.破壞；毀壞
in ruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪
thousands of 成千上萬的
hundreds of thousands of
數(shù)十萬的
be left 使處于……狀態(tài)
the number of ……的數(shù)量
badly adv.非常；嚴(yán)重地
survivor n.幸存者；生還者
nothing but 只有；只；僅僅
percent n.百分之……
adj.& adv.每一百中
gone adj.不復(fù)存在的；一去不復(fù)返的
brick n.磚；磚塊
blow away 刮走；吹走
track n.軌道；跑道
keep track of
了解；與……保持聯(lián)系
metal n.金屬
shock n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克 vt.（使）震驚
in shock 震驚；吃驚
electricity n.電；電能
dig out 挖出；挖掘
trap vt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套
n.險境；陷阱
bury vt.埋葬；安葬
the dead 死者；逝者
medical care 醫(yī)療護(hù)理
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
revive vt.& vi.復(fù)活；（使）蘇醒
on one’s feet 恢復(fù)健康；站立著
support n.支持
effort n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
in times of 在……時期
unify vi.& vt.統(tǒng)一；（使）成一體
wisdom n.智慧；才智
positive adj.積極的；肯定的；樂觀的
stay positive 保持樂觀
【參考譯文】
地球的不眠之夜
河北省東北部的農(nóng)村地區(qū)怪事連連。一連幾天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。井壁上出現(xiàn)深深的裂縫，至少有一口水井冒出臭氣。雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進(jìn)食；狗拒絕進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)。老鼠跑到田外，尋找藏身之所；魚兒也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出現(xiàn)了耀眼亮光，接著又傳出巨大的聲響。然而，那天晚上城里的百萬居民仍像往常一樣沉睡在夢鄉(xiāng)。
　　凌晨3：42，萬物開始搖晃，仿佛世界末日即將來臨！在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀(jì)傷亡最嚴(yán)重之一的一場地震爆發(fā)了，遠(yuǎn)在150多千米以外的北京都受到這場地震的破壞，全國幾乎三分之一的地區(qū)均有震感！一條8千米長、30米寬的巨大裂縫橫切房屋、道路和水路；堅(jiān)硬的石山變成了泥石流。在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受傷，數(shù)以千計(jì)的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中喪生或身受重傷的人數(shù)超過了40萬。
　　幸存者目及之處無一不是廢墟，萬物盡毀。市內(nèi)大約75%的工廠和大樓，90%的住所和所有的醫(yī)院都倒塌了。磚塊就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著地面，但是卻沒有風(fēng)能將其吹走。大多數(shù)橋梁不是坍塌了，就是無法安全通行了；鐵軌變成了廢金屬塊；數(shù)萬頭奶牛、數(shù)十萬頭豬和數(shù)百萬只雞也都死掉了。沙子灌滿水井，井水消失殆盡。人們驚恐萬狀，接著臨近傍晚時分，又一場強(qiáng)烈的地震撼動唐山。更多的樓房倒塌了，水、食物和電很難獲得。人們心里開始疑惑這場災(zāi)難還會持續(xù)多久。
　　然而，希望尚存。地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊(duì)派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。上萬名醫(yī)療工作者趕到現(xiàn)場，救死扶傷。工人們?yōu)槟切┘覉@被毀的幸存者蓋起避難所，數(shù)十萬的群眾獲得了幫助，火車、卡車和飛機(jī)給城市運(yùn)來了食物和飲用水。慢慢地，這座城市又開始恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。
唐山重新站起來并獲得了新生。有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在廢墟中被建立起來。這座新的城市已經(jīng)成為700多萬人的家園，交通、工業(yè)和環(huán)境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中國、向世界證明，在自然災(zāi)害中，人們必須勠力同心，保持積極樂觀的心態(tài)和重建家園的決心。
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
1.Match the main idea with each paragraph
Para.1　A.The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2 B.The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in Tangshan.
Para.3 C.Help came soon after the quakes.
Para.4 D.Strange things happened before the earthquake.
Para.5 E.Tangshan came back to life again.
2.What’s the main idea of the passage？
The passage is mainly about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
1.What’s the first paragraph mainly about？
A.Some unusual signs before the earthquake.
B.Some strange things during the earthquake.
C.A simple introduction to the city of Tangshan.
D.A simple introduction to the Tangshan earthquake.
2.How does the author show the seriousness of the earthquake in the text？
A.By telling some stories.
B.By using some numbers.
C.By quoting some experts.
D.By describing some events.
3.What does the author mean by saying “the city began to breathe again”？
A.The city was rebuilt very quickly.
B.Food and supplies came very quickly.
C.Medical workers came gradually.
D.The city returned to normal gradually.
4.What has Tangshan city proved to the world according to the last paragraph？
A.We should work hard and be kind.
B.We should be caring and help others.
C.We should stay positive and unite as one.
D.We should keep trying and never give up.
第三步：品佳句妙筆生輝
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence with a simile （明喻）.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence with a metaphor （暗喻）.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences with a personification （擬人）.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：抒己見提升思維
1.What should we do in the face of an earthquake？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What can we learn from a natural disaster？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：辨難句拆分解讀
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city， one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
句式分析
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
句式分析
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
句式分析
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心詞匯集釋
ruin n.& vt.破壞；毀壞
【教材原句】　In less than one minute， a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟。
【用法】
（1）be/lie in ruins 成為廢墟；毀滅
（2）ruin one’s hope/health/plan破壞某人的希望/健康/計(jì)劃
【佳句】　When we reached the destination， we saw an old temple lying in ruins.
當(dāng)我們到達(dá)目的地時，我們看到了一座成為廢墟的古廟。
【寫美】　完成句子
①Heavy smoking 　　　　　　　　　　　， so you’d better give up smoking.
吸煙過量損害你的健康，因此你最好戒煙。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 after the earthquake， which made us awake all night.
地震之后整個城市成了一片廢墟，這讓我們徹夜難眠。
shock n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克 vt.（使）震驚
【教材原句】　People were in shock — and then， later that afternoon， another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人們驚恐萬狀，接著臨近傍晚時分，又一場強(qiáng)烈的地震撼動唐山。
【用法】
（1）a great shock to sb 　對某人來說是極大的
震驚
in shock 震驚；吃驚
to one’s shock 令某人震驚的是
（2）shocked adj. 震驚的；驚訝的
be shocked at/by 對……感到震驚
be shocked to do sth 震驚地做某事
（3）shocking adj. 令人震驚的
【佳句】　To my shock， memory flooded back when I visited the stadium once again. （讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫）
令我震驚的是，當(dāng)我重游體育館時，回憶涌上了心頭。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Jane was shocked 　　　　　　　　（find） that she was lost in the forest and she couldn’t help crying.
②The news of his sudden death is so 　　　　that everyone is greatly 　　　　at it.（shock）
③Hearing the story her mom told her， she wore a 　　　　　　（shock） expression.
【寫美】　完成句子
④When he finally came to himself， he 　　　　　　　　　， knowing nothing about the accident.
當(dāng)他終于蘇醒過來時，他震驚地看著我們，對事故一無所知。
trap vt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套 n.險境；陷阱
【教材原句】　Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊(duì)派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
【用法】
be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
trap sb into （doing） sth 誘使某人（做）某事
【佳句】　The lift broke down and we were trapped inside （it）.
電梯出故障了，我們被困在里面了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He trapped me 　　　　　　cheating in the important examination.
②The rescue team 　　　　　　　　（trap） in the burning building.
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使專心
【用法】
（1）be buried under/in ...　　被埋在……
bury one’s face/head in one’s hands
雙手掩面/捂頭
（2）埋頭于/專心于……
【佳句】　①She buried her face in her hands and cried when she heard the bad news. （讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫）
當(dāng)聽到那個壞消息時，她掩面而泣。
②It’s time to bury our differences and be friends again.
是我們擯棄分歧重歸于好的時候了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 （bury） in his study， he didn’t notice that his classmates had left.
②Nowadays family members are often found 　　　　　　（bury） in their own smartphones.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③瑪麗埋頭于她的畢業(yè)論文，沒有時間做兼職工作。
→　　　　　　　　 her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a part-time job.
→　　　　　　　　 her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a part-time job.
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
【教材原句】　Slowly， the city began to breathe again.
慢慢地，這座城市又開始恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。
【用法】
（1）breathe in/out　　　吸氣/呼氣
（2）breath n. 呼氣；呼吸
breathless adj. 氣喘吁吁的
【佳句】　Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office.
她的微笑給沉悶的辦公室?guī)砩鷼狻?br/>【練透】　單句語法填空
①The morning air in the quiet village is good 　　　　　　　　（breath）.
【寫美】　完成句子
②Take a deep breath and then 　　　　　　when I tell you to.
深吸一口氣，我告訴你時再呼氣。
effort n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
【教材原句】　With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people， a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在廢墟中被建立起來。
【用法】
with effort　　　　　　　 費(fèi)力地
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
spare no effort（s） （to do sth） 不遺余力（做某事）
【佳句】　With joint efforts， I believe that we are sure to make the world a better place.
在共同的努力下，我相信我們一定會讓世界變得更美好。
【寫美】　完成句子
① I will 　　　　　　　　　　　　those students who are in trouble.
我將盡全力幫助那些處在困境中的同學(xué)。
②The government is determined to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　homeless people.
政府決定不遺余力地為無家可歸者修建收容所。
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦
【教材原句】　Some were found alive， though they were suffering from terrible injuries ...
一些人被發(fā)現(xiàn)還活著，盡管他們受了重傷……
【用法】
（1）suffer from ...　 患……病；因……而受苦
（2）suffer losses/pains 遭受損失/痛苦
（3）suffering n. 苦難，痛苦
sufferer n. 受難者
【佳句】　It’s common knowledge that as we get older， we are suffering from loss of memory.
眾所周知，隨著年齡的增長，我們會遭受記憶力減退的困擾。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①A lot of money has been collected to help those 　　　　　　（suffer） from the floods.
②The survivor never talked about his 　　　　　　　　（suffer） in the disaster.
【寫美】　完成句子
③It is obvious that our Earth is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
很明顯，我們的地球正在遭受嚴(yán)重的破壞。
重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：too＋形容詞＋to ...太……而不能……
【教材原句】　Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings.雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進(jìn)食；狗拒絕進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)。
【用法】
（1）“too＋形容詞/副詞 （for sb） to do sth”意為“太……而不能做某事”，表示否定意義。
（2）“only too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious to do sth”表示肯定意義。
【品悟】　①As the old saying goes，“It’s never too late to learn.”
正如諺語所說：“活到老，學(xué)到老。”
②This exam question was too difficult to understand. Actually， nobody worked it out.
這道考題太難了，讓人無法理解。事實(shí)上沒有人解答出來。
【寫美】　完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①The problem 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
這個問題太難了，我解決不了。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 to help you with your application letter.
我很高興能幫你完成申請信。
③I was so young that I couldn’t understand the meaning of the film.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
句型公式：as if/though似乎；好像；仿佛
【教材原句】　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ 仿佛世界末日即將來臨！
【用法】
as if/though 引導(dǎo)表語從句和方式狀語從句：
（1）從句用陳述語氣，表示從句描述的情況是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的；
（2）從句用虛擬語氣的三種情況：
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時；
與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時；
與將來事實(shí)相反用would/could/might do形式。
【品悟】　It seems as if you are really interested in Chinese culture.
好像你真的對中國文化感興趣。
【寫美】　完成句子
①He treats me as if I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他待我就像他的親生女兒一樣。
②She was sitting there as if nothing 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她坐在那兒，好像什么也沒發(fā)生。
③They talked as if they 　　　　　　　　for years.
他們談起話來就像多年的朋友。
④She waved goodbye， as if she 　　　　　　　　　　　　again.
她揮手告別，仿佛再也見不到他似的。
句型公式：主語＋be＋形容詞＋to do
【教材原句】　Water， food， and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和電很難獲得。
【用法】
這里動詞不定式用主動形式表被動含義，若動詞不定式為不及物動詞，應(yīng)在其后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。常用的形容詞有hard，difficult，easy，important，interesting，necessary， pleasant， comfortable。
【品悟】　①As far as I know， the boss is difficult to get along with.
據(jù)我所知，這個老板很難相處。
②Some situations are hard to deal with because we have never got into them before.
有些情況很難處理，因?yàn)槲覀円郧皬奈从龅竭^。
【寫美】　完成句子
①Today’s homework 　　　　　　　　， so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.
今天的作業(yè)容易做，因此邁克很快完成作業(yè)出去玩了。
②Though small， the house 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
房子雖小，但住著很舒服。
③The pen you bought yesterday 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你昨天買的那支筆寫起來很流暢。
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.Paras.1～5　DBACE
2.a terrible earthquake in Tangshan
第二步
1～4　ABDC
第三步
1.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves， but no wind could blow them away.
2.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.
3.（1）The night the earth didn’t sleep.
（2）Slowly， the city began to breathe again.
第四步
1.If you are indoors， stay there！ Get under a desk or table and hang on to it （Drop， Cover， and Hold on！） or move into a hallway or against an inside wall.Stay clear of windows， fireplaces， and heavy furniture or appliances.If you are outside， stay away from buildings， power lines， chimneys， and anything else that might fall on you.
2.Even though a natural disaster is a terrible thing we never expect， we can learn a lot from it.For one thing， we should always be prepared for danger in times of peace.That is to say， prevention is better than cure.For another， a natural disaster reminds us to value our present happy lives.As the saying goes，“Misfortune tells us what fortune is.”
第五步
1.在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀(jì)傷亡最嚴(yán)重之一的一場地震爆發(fā)了，遠(yuǎn)在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場地震的破壞。
2.地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊(duì)派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中搶救出來，并掩埋死者。
3.唐山向中國、向世界證明，在自然災(zāi)害中，人們必須勠力同心，保持積極樂觀的心態(tài)和重建家園的決心。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①ruins your health　②The whole city lay in ruins
2.①to find　②shocking； shocked　③shocked
④looked at us in shock
3.①into　②were trapped
4.①Buried　②buried
③Buried in； Burying herself in
5.①to breathe　②breathe out
6.①make every effort to help
②spare no effort（s） to build shelters for
7.①suffering　②suffering（s）　③suffering serious damage
重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
1.①is too difficult for me to settle　②I am only too pleased
③I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.
2.①were his own daughter　②had happened
③had been friends　④would never see him
3.①was easy to do　②is comfortable to live in
③was/is very smooth to write with
11 / 11(共108張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Reading and Thinking
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預(yù)習(xí)
1
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside① of northeastern
Hebei.For several days， the water in the village wells rose and fell， rose
and fell.There were deep cracks②[1] that appeared in the well walls.At least
one well had some smelly gas③ [2]coming out of it.Chickens and even pigs
were too nervous to④ eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice
ran out of⑤ the fields [3]looking for places to hide， and fish jumped out
of the water.At about 3：00 a.m.， on 28 July 1976， bright lights were
seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But
the city’s one million people were asleep as usual⑥ that night.
　　[1]此處是由關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞cracks，
that在從句中作主語，不能省略。
[2]此處是動詞-ing短語作后置定語，修飾gas。
[3]此處是動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語。
【讀文清障】
①in the countryside 在農(nóng)村
②crack n.裂紋；裂縫
vi.& vt.（使）破裂
③gas n.氣體；燃?xì)猓黄?br/>④too ...to ...太……而不能……
⑤run out of 從……跑出來；用光
⑥as usual 像往常一樣
than usual 比往常……
　　At 3：42 a.m.， everything began to shake.It seemed as if⑦ the world
were coming to an end⑧ ！ Eleven kilometres directly below the city，
one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a
quake that even caused damage⑩ more than 150 kilometres away in
Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it！ A huge crack， eight
kilometres long and 30 metres wide， cut across houses， roads， and
waterways .Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one
minute， a large city lay in ruins .Two thirds of the people [4]who lived
there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without
parents.
The number of people [5]who were killed or badly injured in the quake
was more than 400，000.
　　[4][5]兩句都是由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞
people， who在從句中作主語。
⑦as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
⑧come to an end 結(jié)束
⑨deadly adj.致命的；死一般的
⑩cause damage 造成損失/損害
cut across 橫穿；抄近路穿過
waterway n.水路；航道
less than 少于
more than 多于；不僅僅是；非常
ruin n.& vt.破壞；毀壞
in ruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪
thousands of 成千上萬的
hundreds of thousands of 數(shù)十萬的
be left 使處于……狀態(tài)
the number of ……的數(shù)量
badly adv.非常；嚴(yán)重地
[6]Everywhere survivors looked， there was nothing but
ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the
city’s factories and buildings， 90 percent of its homes， and all of its
hospitals were gon.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn
leaves， but no wind could blow them awa.Most bridges had fallen or
were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of
metal .Tens of thousands of cows， hundreds of thousands of pigs， and
millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of
water.People were in shock — and then， later that afternoon， another
big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water，
food， and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder [7]how
long the disaster would last.
　　[6]此處是由從屬連詞everywhere引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。
[7]此處是由how long引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
survivor n.幸存者；生還者
nothing but 只有；只；僅僅
percent n.百分之……
adj.& adv.每一百中
gone adj.不復(fù)存在的；一去不復(fù)返的
brick n.磚；磚塊
blow away 刮走；吹走
track n.軌道；跑道
keep track of 了解；與……保持聯(lián)系
metal n.金屬
shock n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克 vt.（使）震驚
in shock 震驚；吃驚
electricity n.電；電能
　　But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，
000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trappe and to
bury the dea.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide
medical car.Workers built shelters for survivors [8]whose homes had
been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and
food were brought into the city by train， truck， and plane.Slowly， the
city began to breathe again.
　　[8]此處是由關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞
survivors，whose在從句中作定語修飾homes。
dig out 挖出；挖掘
trap vt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套
n.險境；陷阱
bury vt.埋葬；安葬
the dead 死者；逝者
medical care 醫(yī)療護(hù)理
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet .With
strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s
people， a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city
has become a home to more than seven million people， with great
improvements in transportation， industry， and environment.Tangshan
city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of
disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive
and rebuild for a brighter future.
revive vt.& vi.復(fù)活；（使）蘇醒
on one’s feet 恢復(fù)健康；站立著
support n.支持
effort n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
in times of 在……時期
unify vi.& vt.統(tǒng)一；（使）成一體
wisdom n.智慧；才智
positive adj.積極的；肯定的；樂觀的
stay positive 保持樂觀
【參考譯文】
地球的不眠之夜
河北省東北部的農(nóng)村地區(qū)怪事連連。一連幾天，村里的井水升升
降降，起起伏伏。井壁上出現(xiàn)深深的裂縫，至少有一口水井冒出臭
氣。雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進(jìn)食；狗拒絕進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)。老鼠跑到田
外，尋找藏身之所；魚兒也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左
右，唐山城外的天空中出現(xiàn)了耀眼亮光，接著又傳出巨大的聲響。然
而，那天晚上城里的百萬居民仍像往常一樣沉睡在夢鄉(xiāng)。
　　凌晨3：42，萬物開始搖晃，仿佛世界末日即將來臨！在城市正
下方的11千米處，20世紀(jì)傷亡最嚴(yán)重之一的一場地震爆發(fā)了，遠(yuǎn)在
150多千米以外的北京都受到這場地震的破壞，全國幾乎三分之一的
地區(qū)均有震感！一條8千米長、30米寬的巨大裂縫橫切房屋、道路和
水路；堅(jiān)硬的石山變成了泥石流。在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城
市淪為廢墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受傷，數(shù)以千計(jì)的
孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中喪生或身受重傷的人數(shù)超過了40萬。
　　幸存者目及之處無一不是廢墟，萬物盡毀。市內(nèi)大約75%的工廠
和大樓，90%的住所和所有的醫(yī)院都倒塌了。磚塊就像秋天的紅葉覆
蓋著地面，但是卻沒有風(fēng)能將其吹走。大多數(shù)橋梁不是坍塌了，就是
無法安全通行了；鐵軌變成了廢金屬塊；數(shù)萬頭奶牛、數(shù)十萬頭豬和
數(shù)百萬只雞也都死掉了。沙子灌滿水井，井水消失殆盡。人們驚恐萬
狀，接著臨近傍晚時分，又一場強(qiáng)烈的地震撼動唐山。更多的樓房倒
塌了，水、食物和電很難獲得。人們心里開始疑惑這場災(zāi)難還會持續(xù)
多久。
然而，希望尚存。地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊(duì)派出了15萬名士兵奔赴
唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。上萬名醫(yī)療工作者趕
到現(xiàn)場，救死扶傷。工人們?yōu)槟切┘覉@被毀的幸存者蓋起避難所，數(shù)
十萬的群眾獲得了幫助，火車、卡車和飛機(jī)給城市運(yùn)來了食物和飲用
水。慢慢地，這座城市又開始恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。
唐山重新站起來并獲得了新生。有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐
山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在廢墟中被建立起來。這座新的城
市已經(jīng)成為700多萬人的家園，交通、工業(yè)和環(huán)境都得到了巨大的改
善。唐山向中國、向世界證明，在自然災(zāi)害中，人們必須勠力同心，
保持積極樂觀的心態(tài)和重建家園的決心。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
1. Match the main idea with each paragraph
Para.1　A. The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2 B. The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in
Tangshan.
Para.3 C. Help came soon after the quakes.
Para.4 D. Strange things happened before the earthquake.
Para.5 E. Tangshan came back to life again.
答案：Paras.1～5　DBACE
2. What’s the main idea of the passage？
The passage is mainly about .
a terrible earthquake in Tangshan　
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
1. What’s the first paragraph mainly about？
A. Some unusual signs before the earthquake.
B. Some strange things during the earthquake.
C. A simple introduction to the city of Tangshan.
D. A simple introduction to the Tangshan earthquake.
2. How does the author show the seriousness of the earthquake in the
text？
A. By telling some stories.
B. By using some numbers.
C. By quoting some experts.
D. By describing some events.
3. What does the author mean by saying “the city began to breathe
again”？
A. The city was rebuilt very quickly.
B. Food and supplies came very quickly.
C. Medical workers came gradually.
D. The city returned to normal gradually.
4. What has Tangshan city proved to the world according to the last
paragraph？
A. We should work hard and be kind.
B. We should be caring and help others.
C. We should stay positive and unite as one.
D. We should keep trying and never give up.
第三步：品佳句妙筆生輝
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentence with a simile （明喻）.


2. Read the passage carefully and find the sentence with a metaphor （暗
喻）.

　Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves， but no wind could
blow them away.　
Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.　
3. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences with a personification
（擬人）.


（1）The night the earth didn’t sleep.　
（2）Slowly， the city began to breathe again.　
第四步：抒己見提升思維
1. What should we do in the face of an earthquake？





　If you are indoors， stay there！ Get under a desk or table and hang
on to it （Drop， Cover， and Hold on！） or move into a hallway or
against an inside wall.Stay clear of windows， fireplaces， and heavy
furniture or appliances.If you are outside， stay away from buildings，
power lines， chimneys， and anything else that might fall on you.　
2. What can we learn from a natural disaster？





　Even though a natural disaster is a terrible thing we never expect， we
can learn a lot from it.For one thing， we should always be prepared for
danger in times of peace.That is to say， prevention is better than
cure.For another， a natural disaster reminds us to value our present
happy lives.As the saying goes，“Misfortune tells us what fortune is.”　
第五步：辨難句拆分解讀
1. Eleven kilometres directly below the city， one of the most deadly
earthquakes of the 20th century had begun， a quake that even caused
damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
自主翻譯


在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀(jì)傷亡最嚴(yán)重之一
的一場地震爆發(fā)了，遠(yuǎn)在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場地
震的破壞。　
句式分析
2. Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to
dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
句式分析
自主翻譯

地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊(duì)派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將
受困群眾從廢墟中搶救出來，并掩埋死者。　
3. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times
of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive
and rebuild for a brighter future.
句式分析
自主翻譯

唐山向中國、向世界證明，在自然災(zāi)害中，人們必須勠
力同心，保持積極樂觀的心態(tài)和重建家園的決心。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點(diǎn)
3
核心詞匯集釋
ruin n.& vt.破壞；毀壞
【教材原句】　In less than one minute， a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟。
【用法】
（1）be/lie in ruins　成為廢墟；毀滅
（2）ruin one’s hope/health/plan
破壞某人的希望/健康/計(jì)劃
【佳句】　When we reached the destination， we saw an old temple
lying in ruins.
當(dāng)我們到達(dá)目的地時，我們看到了一座成為廢墟的古廟。
【寫美】　完成句子
①Heavy smoking ， so you’d better give up
smoking.
吸煙過量損害你的健康，因此你最好戒煙。
② after the earthquake， which made us
awake all night.
地震之后整個城市成了一片廢墟，這讓我們徹夜難眠。
ruins your health　
The whole city lay in ruins　
shock n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克 vt.（使）震驚
【教材原句】　People were in shock — and then， later that
afternoon， another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人們驚恐萬狀，接
著臨近傍晚時分，又一場強(qiáng)烈的地震撼動唐山。
【用法】
（1）a great shock to sb　對某人來說是極大的震驚
in shock 震驚；吃驚
to one’s shock 令某人震驚的是
（2）shocked adj. 震驚的；驚訝的
be shocked at/by 對……感到震驚
be shocked to do sth 震驚地做某事
（3）shocking adj. 令人震驚的
【佳句】　To my shock， memory flooded back when I visited the
stadium once again. （讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫）
令我震驚的是，當(dāng)我重游體育館時，回憶涌上了心頭。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Jane was shocked （find） that she was lost in the forest
and she couldn’t help crying.
②The news of his sudden death is so that everyone is
greatly at it.（shock）
③Hearing the story her mom told her， she wore a
（shock） expression.
to find　
shocking　
shocked　
shocked　
【寫美】　完成句子
④When he finally came to himself， he ，
knowing nothing about the accident.
當(dāng)他終于蘇醒過來時，他震驚地看著我們，對事故一無所知。
looked at us in shock　
trap vt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套 n.險境；陷阱
【教材原句】　Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers
to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊(duì)派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢
墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
trap sb into （doing） sth 誘使某人（做）某事
【用法】
【佳句】　The lift broke down and we were trapped inside （it）.電梯出
故障了，我們被困在里面了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He trapped me cheating in the important examination.
②The rescue team （trap） in the burning building.
into　
were trapped　
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使專心
【用法】
【佳句】　①She buried her face in her hands and cried when she heard
the bad news. （讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫）
當(dāng)聽到那個壞消息時，她掩面而泣。
②It’s time to bury our differences and be friends again.
是我們擯棄分歧重歸于好的時候了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
① （bury） in his study， he didn’t notice that his classmates
had left.
②Nowadays family members are often found （bury） in their
own smartphones.
Buried　
buried　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③瑪麗埋頭于她的畢業(yè)論文，沒有時間做兼職工作。
→ her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a part-
time job.
→ her graduation paper， Mary has no time to do a
part-time job.
Buried in　
Burying herself in　
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
【教材原句】　Slowly， the city began to breathe again.慢慢地，這座
城市又開始恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。
（1）breathe in/out　　　吸氣/呼氣
（2）breath n. 呼氣；呼吸
breathless adj. 氣喘吁吁的
【用法】
【佳句】　Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office.
她的微笑給沉悶的辦公室?guī)砩鷼狻?br/>【練透】　單句語法填空
①The morning air in the quiet village is good （breath）.
to breathe　
【寫美】　完成句子
②Take a deep breath and then when I tell you to.
深吸一口氣，我告訴你時再呼氣。
breathe out　
effort n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
【教材原句】　With strong support from the government and the tireless
efforts of the city’s people， a new Tangshan was built upon the
earthquake ruins.
有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在
廢墟中被建立起來。
【用法】
with effort　　　　　　 　　費(fèi)力地
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
spare no effort（s） （to do sth） 不遺余力（做某事）
【佳句】　With joint efforts， I believe that we are sure to make the
world a better place.在共同的努力下，我相信我們一定會讓世界變得更
美好。
【寫美】　完成句子
① I will those students who are in trouble.
我將盡全力幫助那些處在困境中的同學(xué)。
②The government is determined to
homeless people.
政府決定不遺余力地為無家可歸者修建收容所。
make every effort to help　
spare no effort（s） to build shelters
for　
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦
【教材原句】　Some were found alive， though they were suffering
from terrible injuries ...
一些人被發(fā)現(xiàn)還活著，盡管他們受了重傷……
（1）suffer from ...　　患……病；因……而受苦
（2）suffer losses/pains 遭受損失/痛苦
（3）suffering n. 苦難，痛苦
sufferer n. 受難者
【用法】
【佳句】　It’s common knowledge that as we get older， we are
suffering from loss of memory.眾所周知，隨著年齡的增長，我們會遭
受記憶力減退的困擾。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①A lot of money has been collected to help those
（suffer） from the floods.
②The survivor never talked about his （suffer） in
the disaster.
suffering　
suffering（s）　
【寫美】　完成句子
③It is obvious that our Earth is .
很明顯，我們的地球正在遭受嚴(yán)重的破壞。
suffering serious damage　
重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：too＋形容詞＋to ...太……而不能……
【教材原句】　Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat， and
dogs refused to go inside buildings.
雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進(jìn)食；狗拒絕進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)。
【用法】
（1）“too＋形容詞/副詞 （for sb） to do sth”意為“太……而不能做某
事”，表示否定意義。
（2）“only too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious to do sth”表示肯
定意義。
【品悟】　①As the old saying goes，“It’s never too late to learn.”正如
諺語所說：“活到老，學(xué)到老。”
②This exam question was too difficult to understand.Actually，
nobody worked it out.這道考題太難了，讓人無法理解。事實(shí)上沒
有人解答出來。
【寫美】　完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①The problem .
這個問題太難了，我解決不了。
② to help you with your application letter.
我很高興能幫你完成申請信。
③I was so young that I couldn’t understand the meaning of the film.
→
is too difficult for me to settle　
I am only too pleased　
I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.　
句型公式：as if/though似乎；好像；仿佛
【教材原句】　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ 仿佛
世界末日即將來臨！
【用法】
as if/though 引導(dǎo)表語從句和方式狀語從句：
（1）從句用陳述語氣，表示從句描述的情況是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)
生的；
（2）從句用虛擬語氣的三種情況：
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時；
與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時；
與將來事實(shí)相反用would/could/might do形式。
【品悟】　It seems as if you are really interested in Chinese culture.
好像你真的對中國文化感興趣。
【寫美】　完成句子
①He treats me as if I .
他待我就像他的親生女兒一樣。
②She was sitting there as if nothing .
她坐在那兒，好像什么也沒發(fā)生。
③They talked as if they for years.
他們談起話來就像多年的朋友。
④She waved goodbye， as if she again.
她揮手告別，仿佛再也見不到他似的。
were his own daughter　
had happened　
had been friends　
would never see him　
句型公式：主語＋be＋形容詞＋to do
【教材原句】　Water， food， and electricity were hard to get.水、食
物和電很難獲得。
這里動詞不定式用主動形式表被動含義，若動詞不定式為不及物動
詞，應(yīng)在其后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。常用的形容詞有hard，difficult，
easy，important，interesting，necessary， pleasant， comfortable。
【用法】
【品悟】　①As far as I know， the boss is difficult to get along with.據(jù)
我所知，這個老板很難相處。
②Some situations are hard to deal with because we have never got into
them before.
有些情況很難處理，因?yàn)槲覀円郧皬奈从龅竭^。
【寫美】　完成句子
①Today’s homework ， so Mike finished it quickly
and went out to play.
今天的作業(yè)容易做，因此邁克很快完成作業(yè)出去玩了。
②Though small， the house .
房子雖小，但住著很舒服。
③The pen you bought yesterday .
你昨天買的那支筆寫起來很流暢。
was easy to do　
is comfortable to live in　
was/is very smooth to write with　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. It is said that he b himself in the country to write a book last year.
2. I was doing an experiment in the lab when the e was off.
3. Around 540 million people are a by second-hand smoke，
which causes 100，000 deaths per year.
4. Tom （營救） a boy from the river on his way home.
5. His bad habit （毀壞） his chance of having a bright future.
uried　
lectricity　
ffected　
rescued　
ruined　
6. The local government is making every （努力） to help
those affected in the flood.
7. When I was walking in the street， I saw a man （滑動）
on a skateboard.
8. Millions of people offered help to the people in the （被淹
沒的） area.
9. Whenever a natural （災(zāi)難） occurs， soldiers are always
ready to protect people’s lives.
effort　
sliding　
flooded　
disaster　
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1. Thousands of people are missing； the number of （dead）
is growing.
2. Though she went through so much （suffer）， she did
not give in.
3. As far as I know， she is a woman of great （wise）.
4. It is a pity that the 500-year-old wooden tower
（destroy） in the tsunami last year.
deaths　
suffering　
wisdom　
was destroyed　
5. He sat at a wooden table， （bury） in reading English
articles.
6. After the terrible landslide， the whole village lay in （ruin）
and many volunteers came to the villagers’ rescue.
7. By the end of last week，the soldiers （rescue） 100
people.
buried　
ruins　
had rescued　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Don’t leave children （surf） the Internet for a long time on
weekends.
2. He talks as if he （know） everything.
3. The terrible storm flooded the area， （ruin） our trip.
4. The typhoon did damage the area and caused 100 deaths.
5. These problems （很難解決）， so I am writing
to turn to you for help.
6. （無論他去哪里旅行）， the man takes
amazing photos of sights.
surfing　
knew　
ruining　
to　
are hard to solve　
Wherever he travels　
7. The party is （即將結(jié)束） and we are going to
leave.
8. （三分之二的學(xué)生） have taken part in
the physical activity.
coming to an end　
Two thirds of the students　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Several days before 28 July 1976， many strange things happened in
Tangshan.The water in the village wells rose and fell.Deep cracks appeared
in the well walls， and even 1. （smell） gas was coming out
of one well.Some animals also had some unusual behaviour.But people in
the city， 2. were asleep as usual that night， didn’t think much
of these.
smelly　
who　
At 3：42 a.m.， one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th
century broke out.It destroyed the city and even caused damage in
Beijing.In less than one minute， Tangshan 3. （lie） in ruins.The
number of people who were killed or 4. （terrible） injured in
the quake 5. （be） more than 400，000.Later that afternoon，
another big quake struck Tangshan again.More buildings fell
down.Water， food， and electricity were hard 6. （get）.
lay　
terribly　
was　
to get　
But all the hope wasn’t lost.Soon after the quakes， teams were
organised to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Many
more people， 7. （include） workers and doctors， came
to provide help.Through all the 8. （effort）， the city began
to breathe again.
Today， 9. new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake
ruins， which has proved 10. the entire world that in times of
disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and
rebuild for a brighter future.
including　
efforts　
a　
to　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　This morning my family and I went to a friend’s home to help her get
things back in order.She was one of the unfortunate people whose home
was recently destroyed by a tornado.One side of her home fell off and the
roof was gone over a large part of the house.Torrential rain fell the rest of
the night and all of the next day following the tornado， creating even
more damage to her belongings.The home is a total loss.Still， there is
much that is valuable， and our job today was to help her sort through the
debris and find anything with actual value that she may want to take with
her.
My husband helped to move furniture and other things to the
storeroom while our two younger children helped clean up the yard.My
oldest daughter and her boyfriend helped as well， and my another
daughter with me swept up all of the areas of debris， sorting it for things
that are important.We worked systematically， clearing the main living
space first， then moving on to the kitchen， laundry area， then the
master bedroom.
By the time we were done today， though there was no denying the
home had met with disaster， we had gone far to restore order from the
loss that had been there before.
My thought in entering the day was that our friend， who had been
having trouble sleeping， was being affected by that loss negatively.I
hoped that if we could restore order， she would finally start to feel some
sense of peace and her mind would quiet and allow her the much-needed
rest she so deserves.
She posted on Facebook just a little while ago that for the first time
she was sleeping at night.For me， what a wonderful and deeply
meaningful way to begin the New Year！
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。朋友家不幸遭遇龍卷風(fēng)襲擊，作者
一家在新年這一天去幫助朋友收拾殘局。
本文是一篇記敘文。朋友家不幸遭遇龍卷風(fēng)襲擊，作者
一家在新年這一天去幫助朋友收拾殘局。
1. What does the underlined word “debris” in Paragraph 1 mean？
A. The dust caused by tornado.
B. Something that is valuable.
C. Something that the owner needs.
D. The remains of something destroyed.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，作者和家人在
整理龍卷風(fēng)席卷后殘留的碎片，并從中找出有價值的東西。
2. How many children does the author have at least？
A. 5. B. 4.
C. 3. D. 2.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的 our two younger
children、 My oldest daughter和my another daughter可知，作者
至少有四個孩子。
3. What can we learn from the passage？
A. The author’s friend has no family.
B. The author’s family did much to restore order.
C. The author’s friend couldn’t sleep well owing to the loss.
D. The author’s family managed to help her friend rebuild a new house.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段內(nèi)容可知，作者和家人為
恢復(fù)正常的秩序做了很多事。
4. What’s the best title for the text？
A. A Way to Help Friends
B. The Love from Friends
C. The Loss after the Tornado
D. A Way to Welcome the New Year
解析：　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容及作者最后點(diǎn)題的一句話For
me，what a wonderful and deeply meaningful way to begin the New
Year！可知，D項(xiàng)為文章最佳標(biāo)題。
B
　　The worst outbreak of desert locusts （蝗蟲） in Kenya in 70 years
has seen hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the East African
nation from Somalia and Ethiopia.Those two countries have not had an
infestation （侵?jǐn)_） like this in a quarter-century， destroying farmland
and threatening the region with serious hunger.
“Even cows are wondering what is happening，” said Ndunda
Makanga， who spent hours Friday trying to chase the locusts from his
farm.“Corn， sorghum， cowpeas， they have eaten everything.”
“Even a small swarm of the insects can consume enough food for
35，000 people in a single day，” said Jens Laerke of the UN
humanitarian office in Geneva.
About 70，000 hectares — 172，973 acres — of land in Kenya are
attacked.A single swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square
kilometer of farmland — an area the size of almost 250 football fields，
authorities say.
“We must act immediately，” said David Phiri of the UN Food and
Agricultural Organization.
About $70 million is needed to step up aerial pesticide （殺蟲劑）
spraying， the only effective way to fight them， the UN says.That won’t
be easy， especially in Somalia.
Astonished by the finger-length insects， children dash here and
there， waving blankets to shake the locusts free.Farmers are afraid to let
their cattle out for grazing， and their crops are in danger， but there is
little they can do.
One especially large swarm in northeastern Kenya measured 60
kilometers long by 40 kilometers wide （37 miles long by 25 miles wide）.
“The locals are really scared because they can consume everything，”
said Francis Kitoo， deputy director of agriculture in southeastern Kenya’s
Kitui county.“I’ve never seen such a big number.” He expressed his own
concern about the locusts.“They will lay eggs and start another
generation，” he said.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了肯尼亞遭受的一場規(guī)模
空前的蝗災(zāi)襲擊。
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了肯尼亞遭受的一場規(guī)模
空前的蝗災(zāi)襲擊。
5. What did Ndunda Makanga want to express about the outbreak of
locusts？
A. It’s very serious.
B. It’s very surprising.
C. It happens frequently.
D. It leads to heavy losses.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，Ndunda Makanga提到“甚
至牛也不知所措”以及“蝗蟲的無所不食”，充分說明了這次蝗災(zāi)的嚴(yán)
重性。
6. How does the author describe the outbreak of locusts？
A. By telling some stories.
B. By providing some facts.
C. By listing some numbers.
D. By giving some examples.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三至八段可知，作者主要通過列數(shù)
字的方式來說明這次蝗災(zāi)的嚴(yán)重程度。
7. How did the farmers react to the big number of locusts？
A. They were very brave.
B. They let their cattle out.
C. They sprayed pesticide.
D. They were helpless indeed.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，面對鋪天蓋地的蝗
蟲，農(nóng)民們束手無策。
8. What’s Francis Kitoo’s attitude towards the future？
A. Worried. B. Confused.
C. Confident. D. Disappointed.
解析：　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，F(xiàn)rancis Kitoo說他從沒
看到過如此多的蝗蟲，并表示最大的擔(dān)心是這些蝗蟲將繁殖出下一
代蝗蟲。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　No one had called me Melissa in months. 　9　 my name was
something I took for granted （想當(dāng)然） before the pandemic.But now I
wasn’t 　10　 time with my friends who know me as Melissa.I had
been 　11　 with my two children for months.
Something happened when I 　12　 hearing my name，
though.Before I became Mama， I was Melissa.“We 　13　 the name，
and there were no other Melissas.It was special，” my mom said.Then
I 　14　 kindergarten， and there were three Melissas in my class.From
that moment until the start of middle school， I was Melissa S.
Even though I didn’t love adding a letter to my name in school， I
never thought about 　15　 my name.Even as a grown-up， I have never
thought a different name would 　16　 me better.I am Melissa， and my
name is a big part of my identity （身份）.Except during the pandemic，
when a big part of myself went 　17　.
After a few months at home， I 　18　 to do something just for
me.I 　19　 for a writing class.
On the first day， the instructor began class by 　20　 us all by name
and introducing our first task.“I want you to start by writing ‘Right now， I
am，’and then continue with whatever 　21　 that，” she said.
Ten minutes later， she asked us to begin 　22　.
“Melissa， we’ll start with you，” my teacher said.
“Right now， I am happy，” I said.“I’m happy to be writing，
and 　23　 happy to hear my name.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者與外界隔絕太久，她渴望聽到
別人叫自己的名字。報(bào)名參加一個寫作班使她的愿望得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
本文是一篇記敘文。作者與外界隔絕太久，她渴望聽到
別人叫自己的名字。報(bào)名參加一個寫作班使她的愿望得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
9. A. Hearing B. Giving
C. Choosing D. Keeping
解析：　根據(jù)上文No one had called me Melissa in months.和下文
hearing my name， though可知，好幾個月作者都沒有聽到別人叫她
的名字。
10. A. saving B. spending
C. fixing D. wasting
解析：　根據(jù)下文with my two children for months 可知，流行病
期間，作者沒有花時間跟朋友們在一起，而是跟孩子們在家。
11. A. at school B. at work
C. at war D. at home
解析：　參見上題解析。
12. A. enjoyed B. forgot
C. stopped D. finished
解析：　根據(jù)上文No one had called me Melissa in months.可知，
作者沒有再聽到別人叫她的名字。
13. A. mentioned B. considered
C. loved D. accepted
解析：　根據(jù)母親所說的話It was special可知，她應(yīng)該是喜歡
Melissa，才給作者起了這個名字。
14. A. left B. began C. picked D. avoided
解析：　根據(jù)下文there were three Melissas in my class可知，這里
指作者開始上幼兒園。
15. A. changing B. using
C. losing D. hiding
解析：　根據(jù)語境可知，作者從幼兒園開始到中學(xué)，一直被別人
叫作Melissa S，但即便如此，她也從未想過要換名字。
16. A. serve B. help C. fit D. know
解析：　作者之所以不換名字，是因?yàn)樗X得Melissa最適合她。
17. A. wrong B. missing
C. nervous D. crazy
解析：　根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，流行病期間，沒人喊作者的名
字，所以作者覺得她自己的一部分缺失了。
18. A. decided B. regretted
C. waited D. agreed
解析：　根據(jù)下文作者對第一節(jié)寫作課的描述可知，她決定為自
己做點(diǎn)事，于是報(bào)名參加了寫作班。
19. A. got up B. stood up
C. made up D. signed up
解析：　參見上題解析。
20. A. teaching B. surprising
C. questioning D. calling
解析：　根據(jù)下文中的all by name可知，在第一節(jié)課上，老師用
名字稱呼每一個學(xué)員。
21. A. proves B. develops
C. follows D. joins
解析：　根據(jù)上文start by和continue with 可知，老師讓學(xué)員以
Right now， I am開頭寫作，隨后想寫什么就寫什么。
22. A. preparing B. sharing
C. exercising D. discussing
解析：　根據(jù)下文作者讀自己的作品可知，布置完任務(wù)十分鐘
后，老師讓學(xué)員分享他們寫好的作品。
23. A. especially B. usually
C. probably D. generally
解析：　根據(jù)全文可知，由于流行病，作者好久沒有聽到別
人叫她的名字，她非常渴望再次聽到別人叫她的名字。寫作課
上她的愿望得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以她當(dāng)天很開心，特別是聽到別人叫
她的名字。
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