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Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
維度一：基礎題型練
用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
1.I’ll never forget the village 　　　　　　I spent my childhood.
2.He didn’t tell me the reason 　　　　　　he was so excited.
3.This is the park in 　　　　　　we had a picnic last Sunday.
4.Do you still remember the day 　　　　　　we met on the train for the first time？
5.They all lent a helping hand to the man 　　　　house had been burnt down.
6.There was a time 　　　　　　women were looked down upon.
7.The reason 　　　　　　he was late for work was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
8.Do you still remember those days 　　　　　　we spent in that poor wooden house？
9.Give me a reason 　　　　　　is different from the one you gave last time.
10.This is the museum 　　　　　　we visited during our class trip.
維度二：語法與寫作
用定語從句完成下列句子。
1.I still remember the day 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我仍然記得第一次來學校的那一天。
2.The factory 　　　　　　　　　is a large one.
我工作的工廠是一個大工廠。
3.The reason 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　was that he was ill in bed.
他沒能去那里的原因是他臥病在床。
4.We are living in an age 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們生活在許多事情可以在電腦上做的時代。
5.After graduation he returned to the small town 　　　　　　　　　　　.
畢業以后，他回到了他成長的那個小鎮上。
6.The guide showed the tourists to the room 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
導游帶領游客們去參觀了魯迅工作過的那個房間。
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，根據括號內的漢語提示完成語篇。
Look！ The beautiful lady 1.　　　　　　　　 （名字叫瑪麗） teaches us English.She is the only one of the three teachers 2.　　　　　　 （獲得） the School Teacher of the Year Award.The boy beside her is our monitor 3.　　　　　　　 （他的父親） designed the teaching building 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我們現在正在學習的）.Mary once told us the reason 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （為什么我們要學好英語）.I’ll never forget 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （她教我們的那些日子）.I think our dear teacher Mary， the beautiful school 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我將從這里畢業） and all the other beautiful things will stay in my mind forever！
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　The measure of a good night’s sleep is usually based on two things — the amount of time spent sleeping and the quality of that sleep.But now researchers say there is a third thing that matters even more than the other two when it comes to keeping good sleep habits， and that is having a regular bedtime.
A study has found that going to sleep and waking up at the same time every day has an important effect on one’s health.Adults who stick to a regular bedtime tend to weigh less， have lower blood sugar and a reduced risk of heart disease.
The researchers studied the sleeping habits of 2，000 adults with an average age of 69.They found that people with greater irregularity （無規律的事物） in their sleep patterns tended to go to sleep later at night， feel sleepy and sleep more during the day， and experienced reduced light exposure.These people were also more likely to be stressed.Among the three kinds of sleep problems， sleep regularity was the most strongly associated with health.
Of course， there are many people for whom this may be impossible， such as night-shift workers or those with late-night duty.But for those who don’t have mandatory （強制的） reasons to stay up late， they should make an effort to go to bed at the same time every night.Skip the late afternoon coffee.Get off the phone.Try the sleep calculator to figure out the best bedtime.
As Matthew Walker， a scientist， wrote，“The shorter your sleep， the shorter your life.” Surely that’s reasonable enough to go to bed on time.
1.What can we infer from the research？
A.People feel more stressed when they grow older.
B.The old often have less sleep.
C.Adults enjoy sleeping late.
D.Regular bedtime does good to our health.
2.Which of the following influences health most？
A.Reduced light exposure.
B.Sleep regularity.
C.Sleeping during the day.
D.Sleeping late at night.
3.According to the author， what should those who don’t have to stay up late do？
A.Avoid the late-night duty.
B.Skip the late-night coffee.
C.Get off the phone while working.
D.Try to sleep at the same time each night.
4.What’s the best title for the text？
A.The Importance of Sleep
B.Ways to Have a Good Sleep
C.Regular Bedtime for Your Health
D.The Suitable Time for Sleep
B
　　In 1997 Warrick Dunn signed a contract （合同） worth millions to play professional football with the NFL’s Tampa Bay Buccaneers.His coach at the time， Tony Dungy， encouraged the newcomer to find a way to give back.
“I wanted to do something that was a little bit more impactful， not just handing out food，” he said.“I wanted to do something that had a real influence in the community.”
Dunn finally decided to focus on helping single parents buy their own places to live.To date， Warrick Dunn Charities has helped nearly 200 single parents buy and furnish （布置） their own homes.
Dunn said the idea was inspired （賦予靈感） by his late mother， Betty Smothers， a single mom of six who worked as a police officer.“She went out of her way even when she didn’t have a lot to help other people，” Dunn explained.On 7 January 1993， she died when she was at work.“She lost her life， and she was never able to realize her dream of owning a home，” said Dunn.
Dunn started with a program called Homes for the Holidays.It focused on simply getting people into homes.“$5，000 down payment and we fully furnish their homes with food， furniture， garden tools， TVs， computers all the way down to the toothbrush，” Dunn said.“We wanted to give people the chance to break their cycle of poverty （貧窮循環）.”
Today， Warrick Dunn Charities has expanded from Homes for the Holidays to include three more programs：Count on Your Future， Sculpt， and the Hearts for Community Service scholarships.Together Dunn said the programs can change communities by fighting poverty and hunger and improving families’ quality of life.
“It gave me a base to think and be able to be in a place to map out the next steps，” said Kia Savage-Lewis， who took part in the 2005 Homes for the Holidays.“Up until that point， survival was my thinking process.” Now Savage-Lewis has completed her education and runs her own small business.
5.What does the underlined word “impactful” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Influential. B.Interesting.
C.Inexpensive. D.International.
6.Why is Smothers mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A.To describe the risk of police work.
B.To introduce difficulties in raising kids alone.
C.To explain the beginning of Warrick Dunn Charities.
D.To show the efforts people made to help a single mother.
7.How does Savage-Lewis feel about Homes for the Holidays？
A.It is life-changing. B.It is technology-based.
C.It is specially designed. D.It is widely recognized.
8.What is the text mainly about？
A.A good way to get out of poverty.
B.A footballer giving back to communities.
C.A program focusing on improving life quality.
D.A new charity to help solve the housing problem.
C
　　Most of us want to get into shape and be healthy.For many of us nutrition and watching what we eat is an important way to stay healthy.But when it comes to food， what is calorie counting， and what are the positives and negatives of it？
A law in the UK came into force in April 2022 that requires restaurants， takeaways， and cafes to display the calorie information of nonpre-packed food and soft drinks on their menus.It’s a strategy aiming to deal with obesity and give people a more informed choice of what goes down into their stomachs.Being able to count calories and know how much we can eat is a great way to try and stay on track with our diet.
However， there are some disbelievers when it comes to calorie counting.200 calories of fresh fruit and 200 calories of junk food， for example cookies， have the same calorific value.However， there is a question of the health benefits of what you’re eating， regardless of calories.While fresh fruit like apples contains things like vitamin C， junk food could contain an unhealthy level of sugar and fats.Likewise （同樣地）， fruit may fill you up and leave you not wanting more food for longer than a biscuit with equal calories — meaning， overall， you eat less.
Simply counting calories， while useful for weight loss， doesn’t take into account your in take of good fats， carbohydrates， and proteins — things that your body needs.So， if you’re trying to stick to a low-carbon diet， just looking at numbers of calories on a menu won’t be that useful.So， always be mindful that what you’re eating is part of a healthy balanced diet.
9.What’s the aim of the newly-passed law in the UK？
A.To ensure food security.
B.To direct the food industry.
C.To help reduce obesity.
D.To get tough with the businessmen.
10.What opinion do disbelievers hold？
A.Calorie alone doesn’t contribute to health.
B.Junk food has more calories than fresh fruit.
C.Less calories mean less food in your stomach.
D.Sugar and fats are more harmful than calories.
11.What’s the text mainly about？
A.The best way to keep in shape.
B.A research result of obesity in the UK.
C.Nutrition and its health benefits.
D.Opinions and comments on calorie counting.
12.From which section of a magazine is this text most likely taken？
A.Entertainment. B.Lifestyle.
C.Finance. D.Education.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　You’ve finally climbed the ladder and earned your first management role.Now what？Welcome to a new world with a new set of challenges.Chances are you were a top individual performer and that’s why you were promoted to a management position.Ironically （諷刺地）， those skills aren’t going to be of much use to you now.　13　.
It’s all about your team.
Welcome to a world where your success is no longer dependent on your individual performance.　14　.You probably didn’t worry too much if a colleague was struggling.Sure， you helped them out where you could but ultimately you had your own work to focus on.Now that struggler is pulling down your team’s performance.Moving them up the performance curve is a key priority.
Communication is key.
Your team members aren’t mind readers or robots.As a leader， you need to communicate with your team clearly and effectively.　15　.If your team doesn’t know what you want from them， how can you expect them to deliver （履行職責）？Learn to make the goal clear.This is more difficult than it sounds.You aren’t leading a team of robots.　16　.A few well-placed words of encouragement or a well-timed check can make a huge difference to an employee having a tough time.Similarly， a small piece of public praise for a high-performing employee can remind the rest of the team that you do notice when they work hard and perform well.
Leadership isn’t something you’ve mastered.　17　 — that’s the joy and frustration of leadership.
A.Your behaviour will have a big impact on employees’ motivation
B.Let’s take a quick look at a couple of the most important skills
C.Setting clear goals and expectations is a key part of leadership
D.Showing genuine relationships will ultimately lead to complete success
E.You will only succeed by ensuring that every member of your team is succeeding
F.You’ll have worked hard for your promotion and have rich experience in your chosen field
G.All leaders， no matter how skilful or experienced， are always working on improving their skills
13.　　　　　　14.　　　　　　15.　　　　
16.　　　 17.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　When I was a young Dad， my family was struggling just to get by.I was getting a few days’ work here and there as a substitute （代課的） teacher.I was teaching every 　18　 and every grade.Then near the end of the school year I got 　19　 at the last second to teach at a local grade school.
I got there late 　20　 the summer to come and the 　21　 of work it would bring.The class I got had a bad case of summer break 　22　 too.There was no surprising that they were 　23　， bouncing off their seats and talking excitedly.
Finally， it was time for a short 　24　 and I was as happy as they were to get outside the 　25　 classroom.I watched them play and hoped it would 　26　 them out so the afternoon wouldn’t be as 　27　 as the morning had been on me.A little girl ran up to me.She had a handful of freshly 　28　 wild flowers.“This is for you， Mr Mazzella.” she said.In that second I felt a 　29　 I hadn’t felt all day.I smiled and thanked her as she skipped 　30　 away.
Every single thing we do is a part of our purpose here and our mission.It is a lifelong 　31　 too， so stop worrying about your mission and your purpose.You are 　32　 them each and every day.
18.A.day　　　　　　B.subject
C.school D.time
19.A.called in B.turned down
C.picked up D.watched out
20.A.waiting for B.dreaming of
C.worrying about D.concentrating on
21.A.lack B.reward
C.change D.influence
22.A.boredom B.arrangement
C.depression D.fever
23.A.curious B.noisy
C.calm D.active
24.A.lunch B.break
C.lesson D.game
25.A.quiet B.big
C.hot D.dirty
26.A.wear B.knock
C.keep D.leave
27.A.long B.quick
C.dull D.tough
28.A.planted B.picked
C.pressed D.decorated
29.A.surprise B.regret
C.joy D.praise
30.A.happily B.carefully
C.hesitantly D.anxiously
31.A.idea B.challenge
C.adventure D.process
32.A.discussing B.living
C.considering D.offering
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　As a wildlife 　33　 （photograph）， Tobias Baumgaertner has taken many 　34　 （amaze） photos.But very few photos reach a lot of people 　35　 touch their hearts like the two penguins （企鵝） that are displaying the beauty of love.
In 2019， Tobias spent three nights with a colony of fairy penguins in St Kilda Pier in Melbourne， Australia.During that time， he 　36　 （notice） a pair standing out from the group.One penguin had its wing gently resting over the other in what appeared to be a loving embrace （擁抱）.
Tobias didn’t know that loss connected the two.“A volunteer told me that the white on was an elderly lady who had lost her partner， and so had 　37　 younger male to the left，” he explained.“Since then they often meet， comforting each other and standing together 　38　 hours watching the dancing lights of the nearby city.”
Moved， Tobias set out to record their heart-warming moments.It took days， but he left with two perfect photos — and two 　39　 （example） of how love can heal.Tobias shared the photos on Instagram， 　40　 （write），“During hard times the truly lucky ones are those that can be with the people they love most.”
His photos became 　41　 （extreme） popular， touching thousands.As one person put it，“It’s the 　42　 （cute）， most heart-warming thing I’ve ever seen.”
33.　　　　　　34.　　　　　　35.　　　　
36.　　　 37.　　　 38.　　　
39.　　　 40.　　　 41.　　　
42.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.where　2.why　3.which　4.when　5.whose　6.when　7.why　8.which/that　9.which/that　10.that/which
維度二
1.on which/when I first came to school
2.in which/where I work
3.why/for which he could not go there
4.when/in which many things can be done on computers
5.where/in which he grew up
6.where/in which Lu Xun had worked
維度三
1.whose name is Mary　2.who won　3.whose father
4.where/in which we are studying now　5.why/for which we should learn English well　6.the days when/on which she taught us　7.where/from which I will graduate
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，除了睡眠時間和睡眠質量外，規律的就寢時間對于人的健康起著很重要的作用。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可推斷，規律的就寢時間對我們的健康有很大好處。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第三段最后一句可知，在三種睡眠問題中，睡眠規律與健康的關系最為密切。由此可知，睡眠規律對健康影響最大。
3.D　細節理解題。根據第四段中的But for those who don’t have mandatory （強制的） reasons to stay up late， they should make an effort to go to bed at the same time every night.可知，那些不必熬夜的人應該每晚盡量在同一時間睡覺。
4.C　標題歸納題。文章第一、二句點明主旨，接下來介紹了規律的就寢時間對于養成良好睡眠習慣的重要性以及給人們的健康帶來的好處。因此C項（規律的就寢時間有益于你的健康）為本文最佳標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。一名職業橄欖球運動員創立慈善機構，資助單親父母購買和裝修房子。
5.A　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后Dunn所說的not just handing out food和I wanted to do something that had a real influence in the community.可知，Dunn想做一些更有影響力的事情，而不僅僅是分發食物這樣的小事。
6.C　推理判斷題。根據語境可知，第四段第一句中的the idea指代Dunn創辦Warrick Dunn Charities這一想法；結合本段中的Dunn said the idea was inspired （賦予靈感） by his late mother， Betty Smothers，以及下文中具體介紹她如何給予Dunn靈感可知，提及Smothers是為了解釋Dunn成立Warrick Dunn Charities的初衷。
7.A　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Savage-Lewis所說的話可知，Homes for the Holidays項目讓她擁有了自己的房子，為她提供了思考和制定下一步計劃的基礎；而在參加該項目之前，她一直以來想的都是如何生存。由此可推知，Savage-Lewis認為該項目改變了她的人生。
8.B　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了職業橄欖球運動員Warrick Dunn創立慈善機構，資助單親父母購買和裝修房子的故事。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了考慮到健康問題，我們是否應該計算卡路里。
9.C　細節理解題。根據第二段中的It’s a strategy aimed to deal with obesity可知，英國新通過的這項法律的目的是幫助減少肥胖。
10.A　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的there is a question of the health benefits of what you’re eating， regardless of calories可知，質疑者認為熱量本身對健康沒有意義，食物的營養更重要。
11.D　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講的是計算卡路里的意義和局限性，介紹了針對計算卡路里的不同觀點。
12.B　文章出處題。文章主要介紹了考慮到健康問題，我們是否應該計算卡路里，這與健康生活有關，所以文章最有可能是從雜志的“生活方式”版塊選取的。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個好的團隊領導需要學會的技能。
13.B　上文說到被提升到管理職位之后，你之前擁有的技能現在用處不大，所以設空處應介紹有用處的技能，B項（讓我們快速了解一些最重要的技能）承接上文，符合語境。
14.E　上文說明成功不再取決于你個人的表現，E項（只有確保團隊中的每個成員都成功，你才能成功）承接上文，說明成功與團隊中的每個成員都有關，符合語境。
15.C　上文說明你要與團隊進行清晰有效的溝通，下文指出你要明確告知團隊你的目標和期望，C項（設定明確的目標和期望是領導力的關鍵部分）承上啟下，符合語境。
16.A　下文說明你的言語和做法會如何對員工產生影響，是具體的例子，A項（你的行為會對員工的積極性產生很大的影響）引出下文，符合語境。
17.G　上文說明領導力不是你已經掌握的東西，所以你總是需要提升自己的技能，G項（所有的領導者，無論多么熟練或經驗豐富，都一直在努力提高自己的技能）承接上文，符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在當地一所小學教書的經歷和感悟。
18.B　根據上文a young Dad， my family was struggling just to get by和下文every grade可知，當時作者的家庭比較拮據，為了掙錢，當老師的時候，教哪一門學科和哪一個年級都行。
19.A　根據上下文got 　19　 ... to teach at a local grade school可知，作者被叫到當地一所小學教書。call in召來；turn down拒絕；pick up撿起；watch out小心。
20.C　根據空后的the summer to come and the 　21　 of work it would bring可知，作者擔心即將到來的夏天，學生們會放假而自己就會沒有工作。wait for等待；dream of做夢；worry about擔心；concentrate on專注于。
21.A　參見上題解析。lack缺乏；reward獎勵；change變化；influence影響。
22.D　此處與前面提到的the summer to come和summer break呼應，因為要放暑假了，學生們都非常地興奮。fever在這里強調激動興奮的樣子。boredom無聊；arrangement安排；depression憂郁；fever激動不安，興奮緊張。
23.B　此處與前面的summer break和后面的bouncing off their seats and talking excitedly呼應，因為要放假了，學生們吵鬧也就不足為奇了。curious好奇的；noisy吵鬧的；calm冷靜的；active積極的。
24.B　根據下文as they were to get outside可知，學生們要出去玩，說明這時應該是下課了，是休息時間。lunch午餐；break休息；lesson課；game游戲。
25.C　上文已經提到了summer，因此教室應該是炎熱的。quiet安靜的；big大的；hot熱的；dirty骯臟的。
26.A　根據上文I watched them play和下文so the afternoon wouldn’t be as 　27　 as the morning had been on me可知，作者看著他們玩耍，希望能讓他們筋疲力盡，這樣下午上課就不會像早上那樣艱難了。wear sb out使某人筋疲力盡。knock敲門；keep保持；leave離開。
27.D　此處與上文的bouncing off their seats and talking excitedly呼應，作者上課的時候，因為學生們要放假了，都很興奮不老實，所以上課很艱難。long長的；quick快的；dull沉悶的； tough艱難的。
28.B　根據空前的a handful of freshly和空后的wild flowers可知，是一把剛采摘的野花。plant種植；pick挑選；press壓制；decorate裝飾。
29.C　根據下文的I smiled and thanked her可知，在那一秒鐘，作者感到了一種喜悅。surprise驚喜；regret后悔；joy喜悅；praise稱贊。
30.A　此處與上文的smiled和thanked呼應，作者微笑著感謝她，她高興地跳著走了。happily高興地；carefully仔細地；hesitantly猶豫不決地；anxiously焦急地。
31.D　根據上文Every single thing ... our mission.可知，我們所做的每一件事都是我們在這里的目標和使命的一部分。這也是一個終生的過程。idea想法；challenge挑戰；adventure冒險；process過程。
32.B　此處與上文so stop worrying about your mission and your purpose呼應，指不要擔心你的使命和目的。你每天都在踐行（你的使命和目的）。discuss討論；live （以某種方式）生活；實踐；consider考慮；offer提供。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一位攝影師抓拍到兩只各自失去伴侶的企鵝互相安慰對方的溫暖時刻。
33.photographer　考查詞形轉換。設空處被冠詞a限定，且指出了Tobias Baumgaertner的身份是攝影師，應該用表示單數意義的名詞，故填photographer。
34.amazing　考查詞形轉換。設空處作定語修飾photos，且表示“令人驚奇的”，故填amazing。
35.and　考查連詞。本句中的reach a lot of people與touch their hearts之間為并列關系，兩個動作先后發生，故填and。reach被……看到（或聽到）。
36.noticed　考查動詞的時態。根據本段中的時間狀語In 2019和During that time可知，設空處表示發生在過去某個時間的動作，應該用一般過去時，故填noticed。
37.the　考查冠詞。此處特指兩只企鵝中年齡較小的那只，故填the。
38.for　考查介詞。設空處后接hours，表示一段時間，故填for。
39.examples　考查名詞復數。設空處與photos為并列關系，因為其前有數詞two，應該用表示復數意義的名詞，故填examples。
40.writing　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作狀語，句子的主語Tobias與write之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故填writing。
41.extremely　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語修飾popular，應該用副詞，故填extremely。
42.cutest　考查形容詞的最高級。設空處與most heart-warming為并列關系，二者均表示最高級意義，故填cutest。
7 / 7Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
由關系副詞引導的限制性定語從句
閱讀下列句子并分析加黑部分的用法。
1.Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest？
2.One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
3.They are still growing， and night is the time when their bodies grow faster.
4.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down， and their health suffers.
5.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.
6.In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful， teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
【我的發現】
（1）句　　　　是關系副詞when引導的定語從句，when指代　　　　。
（2）句　　　　是關系副詞where引導的定語從句，where指代　　　　。
（3）句　　　　是關系副詞why引導的定語從句，why指代　　　　。
（4）關系副詞有時可用“　　　　　　　”替換。
一、定語從句中關系副詞的用法
　當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，通常要用關系副詞引導定語從句。常用的關系副詞有when、 where、 why。
關系副詞 先行詞 含義
when 表示時間的名詞 “在……時候”，相當于“介詞＋which”
where 表示地點的名詞：抽象地點和具體地點 “（在）……地方”，相當于“介詞＋which”
why reason等表示原因的先行詞 “為什么”，相當于“for which”
1.when的用法
when引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞，如time、 day、 week、 month、 year等，關系副詞when在從句中作時間狀語。此時when＝in/at/on/during/...＋which，具體用哪個介詞要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
I’ll never forget the day when （＝on which） I left for college with my father.
我永遠不會忘記我和父親動身去大學的那天。
The time when （＝during which） I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
第一次見納爾遜·曼德拉期間，是我一生中非常困難的時期。
We have entered into an age when （＝in which） dreams have the best chance of coming true.
我們已經進入了一個夢想最有可能實現的時代。
【即時演練1】　選詞填空（when， that， which）
①She has forgotten the exact date 　　　　her grandson was born.
②She still remembered the days 　　　　we spent together.
③I like to look back on my high school days， 　　　　　　were the happiest in my life.
④At the age 　　　　　　other people retire， Francis began the greatest cause in his life.
2.where的用法
關系副詞where引導定語從句時，先行詞應是表示地點的名詞，如place、 factory、 house、 village等或抽象地點的名詞point、 situation、 condition、 stage和case等。關系副詞在從句中作地點狀語。此時where＝in/at/on ...＋which。具體用哪個介詞要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
They are playing in the park where （＝in which） there are many flowers.
他們正在有很多花的公園里玩耍。
Their child is at the stage where （＝ at which） she can say individual words but not full sentences.
他們的孩子正處于能說單個字而不會說整個句子的階段。
名師點津
若表示地點的先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，應用which或what來引導該定語從句。
This is the pen which/that was bought by my grandfather a few days ago.
這是我爺爺幾天前買的鋼筆。（定語從句中缺少主語，所以用which/that，不用where）
The school （which/that） we visited yesterday is newly built.
我們昨天參觀的那所學校是新建的。（關系代詞which/that在從句中作賓語）
【即時演練2】　用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
①You have reached the point 　　　　　　a change is needed.
②This is the house 　　　　　　was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
③You would get into a position 　　　　　you have to decide immediately.
④The accident has reached to the point 　　　　　　both their parents are to be called in.
3.why的用法
關系副詞why引導定語從句時，先行詞常常為reason，關系副詞在從句中作原因狀語。此時why可以替換為for which。
This is the reason why （＝for which） he left in a hurry.
這就是他匆匆離去的原因。
Please explain to me the reason why （＝for which） you were late this time.
請給我解釋一下你這次遲到的原因。
名師點津
若先行詞reason在從句中作主語或賓語，應用that或which來引導該定語從句。
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我不會聽你給我們的理由。（關系代詞which/that在從句中作賓語）
【即時演練3】　（1）用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
①He can always find some reasons 　　　　　　he gives up trying.
②Is that the reason for 　　　　　　you decided to learn the piano？
③I know the reason 　　　　　　he explained at the meeting.
④The reason 　　　　　　you failed， I think， was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.
（2）用適當的關系副詞替換下列句中的加黑部分
⑤The rain came at a time at which it was not needed. 　　　　　　　
⑥This is the computer by/on which he has stolen top secret documents. 　　　　　　　
⑦Here is the place at which the murder took place. 　　　　　　　
⑧He didn’t give any reason for which I had been fired. 　　　　　　　
二、關系代詞和關系副詞的判定
表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關系代詞或關系副詞引導。
（1）若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，則應用關系副詞。
（2）若先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時，則應用關系代詞。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？
你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？（when在從句中作狀語）
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？
你還記得我們在農場一起度過的那些日子嗎？（that或which在從句中作spent的賓語）
【即時演練4】　用適當的關系詞填空
①The night 　　　　　　we took a stroll in the park was so cold.
②We visited the factory 　　　　　　produces radios 20 years ago.
③This is the place 　　　　　　I saw him last time.
④The reason 　　　　　　he was late was that his car broke down on his way to school.
⑤This is the reason 　　　　　　he explained to you for his absence.
contribute vi.& vt.是……的原因之一；捐贈，捐獻；增加，添加，撰稿
【教材原句】　Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.大城市的噪聲污染和光污染也可能導致睡眠問題。
【用法】
（1）contribute ...to ...
　　把……捐獻給……；向……投稿
contribute to
促成，造成；捐贈；給……捐獻（尤指金錢或物品），捐助；有助于；導致；投稿
（2）contribution n.　　　貢獻；捐助
make a contribution/contributions to
對……做出貢獻
【佳句】　Many people contributed money to the Hope Project， which contributed to many children’s returning to school.
許多人給希望工程捐錢，這有助于許多孩子重返校園。
【用準】　（1）表示“引起；導致；有助于”的詞匯還有cause、 lead to、 result in、 bring about等。
（2）contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都是介詞。
【練透】　語境辨義/完成句子
①If you want to contribute to our newspaper， please send me your article before the deadline.　　　　　　　
②Many people are willing to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　the people in trouble.
許多人愿意為困境中的人捐獻一些錢。
③I hope my suggestions will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我希望我的建議將有助于解決這個問題。
【寫美】　詞匯升級
④The construction of this highway will contribute to the development of this area.
→The construction of this highway will 　　　　　　　　　　　　the development of this area.
in the short/long term 從短期/長期看
【教材原句】　In the short term， people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.從短期看，有睡眠問題的人往往會感到疲倦，注意力難以集中。
【用法】
（1）term n.　　　　 　學期；時期；期限；術語
in the spring/summer/autumn term 在春季/夏季/秋季學期
in the short/long run 從短期/長遠來看
（2）terms n. 條件；條款；表達方式
in terms of ... 在……方面；就……而言
（3）be on good/bad terms with sb
與某人關系好/不好
【佳句】　Learning is not always easy， but it is always beneficial in the long term.學習并不總是那么簡單，但從長遠來看它總是有益的。
In terms of difficulties you are worried about， I have already found some solutions.
對于你所擔心的困難，我已經找到了一些解決方法。
【練透】　完成句子
①In fact， things could get worse 　　　　　　　　　　.
事實上，事情在短期內可能會變得更加糟糕。
②　　　　　　　　　　， that might not matter.　　　　　　　　　， it surely will.
短期內，這可能無關緊要。從長遠來看，這肯定是重要的。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③隨后，來自不同俱樂部的教職員工和學生將在唱歌、跳舞等方面進行表演。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
amount n.數量vt.& vi.合計；總計
【教材原句】　Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep （that/which） we get is important to us.每個人都知道，我們獲得的高質量睡眠的量對我們很重要。
【用法】
（1）a large/small amount of　大量的/少量的
large amounts of 大量的
（2）amount to 合計；等于
【佳句】　In order to keep healthy， it is necessary to take a proper amount of exercise regularly.為了保持健康，有規律地做適量的運動是必要的。
【用準】　a large amount of＋不可數名詞＋謂語動詞單數形式；large amounts of＋不可數名詞＋謂語動詞復數形式。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Huge amounts of information 　　　　　　（update） in the past minutes.
②Their annual income amounted 　　　　　90，000 yuan last year.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
③Large amounts of money were spent on building the bridge.
→A large amount of money 　　　　　　on building the bridge.
schedule n.日程安排，工作計劃；時間表 vt.為……安排時間
【教材原句】　Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too ...
盡量周末也要堅持你的睡眠時間表……
【用法】
（1）on schedule　　　　　準時；按時間表
ahead of schedule＝ahead of time 提前
a busy schedule 忙碌的日程安排
according to schedule 根據工作計劃
（2）be scheduled for 預定；安排
be scheduled to do 預定做……
as scheduled 如期；按照預定時間
【佳句】　One can always manage to do more things， no matter how full one’s schedule is in life.
無論一個人生活中的日程安排有多滿，他總能設法做更多的事情。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①We should work extra hours to complete it 　　　　　schedule or even ahead 　　　　schedule.
②The English speech contest is scheduled 　　　　　　next Friday afternoon.
③She 　　　　　　（schedule） to give a speech tonight， hoping all of us will attend it.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
④According to our plan， English Talent Show will be held this Friday.
→　　　　　　　　， English Talent Show will be held this Friday.（schedule）
in addition 此外
【教材原句】　In addition， Miss Edwards says the surgery makes her look unnatural and that she is unable to make certain facial expressions.
此外，愛德華茲小姐說，手術使她看起來不自然，而且她無法做出某些面部表情。
【用法】
（1）in addition to＝besides/apart from　　　　　　　　除……之外（還）……
in addition＝besides/furthermore/what’s more 此外，而且
（2）addition n. 增加，添加；加法
additional adj. 額外的，附加的
【佳句】　In addition to English， he has to study a second foreign language.
除英語之外，他還得學習第二門外語。
The government provided an additional 25 million to expand the service.
政府另撥2500萬美元用于拓展該服務項目。
【練通】　單句語法填空
①I think playing computer games is a waste of time.　　　　　　 addition， it is bad for your health.
②Extra warmth from sunlight can put an 　　　　　　（addition） load on the air-conditioning system.
【寫美】　詞匯升級
③Besides my studies， I got involved in lots of physical activities.
→　　　　　　　　 my studies， I got involved in lots of physical activities.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
（1）1、3　時間　（2）4、6　地點　（3）2、5　原因
（4）介詞＋關系代詞
即時演練1
①when　②（that/which）　③which　④when
即時演練2
①where　②which/that　③where　④where
即時演練3
（1）①why　②which　③that/which　④why
（2）⑤when　⑥where　⑦where　⑧why
即時演練4
①when　②that/which　③where　④why　⑤that/which
【核心知識·巧突破】
1.①投稿　②contribute some money to　③contribute to solving the problem　④make a contribution to
2.①in the short term/run　②In the short term/run； In the long term/run　③Following this， teaching staff and students from different clubs will give performances in terms of singing， dancing and so on.
3.①have been updated　②to　③was spent
4.①on； of　②for　③is scheduled　④As scheduled
5.①In　②additional　③In addition to/Apart from
6 / 7(共111張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Grammar and usage
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
核心知識·巧突破
1
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
由關系副詞引導的限制性定語從句
閱讀下列句子并分析加黑部分的用法。
1. Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from
getting a good night’s rest？
2. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is
pressure from school or work.
3. They are still growing， and night is the time when their bodies grow
faster.
4. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where
body development slows down， and their health suffers.
5. It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no
reason why they should be worried.
6. In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful，
teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
【我的發現】
（1）句 是關系副詞when引導的定語從句，when指代
。
（2）句 是關系副詞where引導的定語從句，where指代
。
（3）句 是關系副詞why引導的定語從句，why指代
。
（4）關系副詞有時可用“ ”替換。
1、3　
時
間　
4、6　
地
點　
2、5　
原
因　
介詞＋關系代詞　
一、定語從句中關系副詞的用法
　當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，通常要用關系副詞引導定語從
句。常用的關系副詞有when、 where、 why。
關系
副詞 先行詞 含義
when 表示時間的名詞 “在……時候”，相當于“介詞＋
which”
where 表示地點的名詞：抽象地點和具體地點 “（在）……地方”，相當于“介
詞＋which”
why reason等表示原因的先行項 “為什么”，相當于“for which”
1. when的用法
when引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞，如time、
day、 week、 month、 year等，關系副詞when在從句中作時間狀
語。此時when＝in/at/on/during/...＋which，具體用哪個介詞要根
據先行詞的搭配來確定。
I’ll never forget the day when （＝on which） I left for college with
my father.
我永遠不會忘記我和父親動身去大學的那天。
The time when （＝during which） I first met Nelson Mandela was a
very difficult period of my life.
第一次見納爾遜·曼德拉期間，是我一生中非常困難的時期。
We have entered into an age when （＝in which） dreams have the
best chance of coming true.
我們已經進入了一個夢想最有可能實現的時代。
【即時演練1】　選詞填空（when， that， which）
①She has forgotten the exact date her grandson was born.
②She still remembered the days we spent together.
③I like to look back on my high school days， were the
happiest in my life.
④At the age other people retire， Francis began the greatest
cause in his life.
when　
（that/which）　
which　
when　
2. where的用法
關系副詞where引導定語從句時，先行詞應是表示地點的名詞，如
place、 factory、 house、 village等或抽象地點的名詞point、
situation、 condition、 stage和case等。關系副詞在從句中作地點狀
語。此時where＝in/at/on ...＋which。具體用哪個介詞要根據先行
詞的搭配來確定。
They are playing in the park where （＝in which） there are many
flowers.
他們正在有很多花的公園里玩耍。
Their child is at the stage where （＝ at which） she can say individual
words but not full sentences.
他們的孩子正處于能說單個字而不會說整個句子的階段。
名師點津
若表示地點的先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，應用which或what來
引導該定語從句。
This is the pen which/that was bought by my grandfather a few days.
這是我爺爺幾天前買的鋼筆。（定語從句中缺少主語，所以用
which/that，不用where）
The school （which/that） we visited yesterday is newly built.
我們昨天參觀的那所學校是新建的。（關系代詞which/that在從句中作
賓語）
【即時演練2】　用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
①You have reached the point a change is needed.
②This is the house was built by my grandfather forty
years ago.
③You would get into a position you have to decide
immediately.
④The accident has reached to the point both their parents are
to be called in.
where　
which/that　
where　
where　
3. why的用法
關系副詞why引導定語從句時，先行詞常常為reason，關系副詞在
從句中作原因狀語。此時why可以替換為for which。
This is the reason why （＝for which） he left in a hurry.
這就是他匆匆離去的原因。
Please explain to me the reason why （＝for which） you were late
this time.
請給我解釋一下你這次遲到的原因。
名師點津
若先行詞reason在從句中作主語或賓語，應用that或which來引導該定
語從句。
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我不會聽你給我們的理由。（關系代詞which/that在從句中作賓語）
【即時演練3】　（1）用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
①He can always find some reasons he gives up trying.
②Is that the reason for you decided to learn the piano？
③I know the reason he explained at the meeting.
④The reason you failed， I think， was that you had not
followed your mother’s advice.
why　
which　
that/which　
why　
（2）用適當的關系副詞替換下列句中的加黑部分
⑤The rain came at a time at which it was not needed.　
⑥This is the computer by/on which he has stolen top secret
documents.　
⑦Here is the place at which the murder took place.
⑧He didn’t give any reason for which I had been fired.
when　
where　
where　
why　
二、關系代詞和關系副詞的判定
表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關系代詞或
關系副詞引導。
（1）若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，則應用關系副詞。
（2）若先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時，則應用關系代詞。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all
night？
你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？（when在從句中作狀
語）
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the
farm？
你還記得我們在農場一起度過的那些日子嗎？（that或which在
從句中作spent的賓語）
【即時演練4】　用適當的關系詞填空
①The night we took a stroll in the park was so cold.
②We visited the factory produces radios 20 years ago.
③This is the place I saw him last time.
④The reason he was late was that his car broke down on his way
to school.
⑤This is the reason he explained to you for his absence.
when　
that/which　
where　
why　
that/which　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
2
contribute vi.& vt.是……的原因之一；捐贈，捐獻；增加，添加，
撰稿
【教材原句】　Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also
contribute to sleep problems.
大城市的噪聲污染和光污染也可能導致睡眠問題。
（1）contribute ...to ...　把……捐獻給……；向……投稿
contribute to 　促成，造成；捐贈；給……捐獻（尤指金錢或物
品），捐助；有助于；導致；投稿
（2）contribution n.　　貢獻；捐助
make a contribution/contributions to 　　對……做出貢獻
【用法】
【佳句】　Many people contributed money to the Hope Project， which
contributed to many children’s returning to school.
許多人給希望工程捐錢，這有助于許多孩子重返校園。
【用準】　（1）表示“引起；導致；有助于”的詞匯還有cause、
lead to、 result in、 bring about等。
（2）contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都
是介詞。
【練透】　語境辨義/完成句子
①If you want to contribute to our newspaper， please send me your
article before the deadline.　
②Many people are willing to the people in
trouble.
許多人愿意為困境中的人捐獻一些錢。
③I hope my suggestions will .
我希望我的建議將有助于解決這個問題。
投稿　
contribute some money to　
contribute to solving the problem　
【寫美】　詞匯升級
④The construction of this highway will contribute to the development of
this area.
→The construction of this highway will the
development of this area.
make a contribution to　
in the short/long term 從短期/長期看
【教材原句】　In the short term， people with sleep problems often
feel tired and have trouble concentrating.
從短期看，有睡眠問題的人往往會感到疲倦，注意力難以集中。
（1）term n.　學期；時期；期限；術語
in the spring/summer/autumn term　　在春季/夏季/秋季學期
in the short/long run　　從短期/長遠來看
（2）terms n.　　條件；條款；表達方式
in terms of ...　　在……方面；就……而言
（3）be on good/bad terms with sb　　與某人關系好/不好
【用法】
【佳句】　Learning is not always easy， but it is always beneficial in the
long term.
學習并不總是那么簡單，但從長遠來看它總是有益的。
In terms of difficulties you are worried about， I have already found some
solutions.
對于你所擔心的困難，我已經找到了一些解決方法。
【練透】　完成句子
①In fact， things could get worse .
事實上，事情在短期內可能會變得更加糟糕。
in the short term/run　
② ， that might not matter.
， it surely will.
短期內，這可能無關緊要。從長遠來看，這肯定是重要的。
In the short term/run　
In the long
term/run　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③隨后，來自不同俱樂部的教職員工和學生將在唱歌、跳舞等方面進
行表演。


　Following this， teaching staff and students from different clubs will
give performances in terms of singing， dancing and so on.　
amount n.數量vt.& vi.合計；總計
【教材原句】　Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep
（that/which） we get is important to us.
每個人都知道，我們獲得的高質量睡眠的量對我們很重要。
【用法】
（1）a large/small amount of　　　大量的/少量的
large amounts of　　大量的
（2）amount to　　合計；等于
【佳句】　In order to keep healthy， it is necessary to take a proper
amount of exercise regularly.
為了保持健康，有規律地做適量的運動是必要的。
【用準】　a large amount of＋不可數名詞＋謂語動詞單數形式；large
amounts of＋不可數名詞＋謂語動詞復數形式。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Huge amounts of information （update） in the
past minutes.
②Their annual income amounted 90，000 yuan last year.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
③Large amounts of money were spent on building the bridge.
→A large amount of money on building the bridge.
have been updated　
to　
was spent　
schedule n.日程安排，工作計劃；時間表 vt.為……安排時間
【教材原句】　Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend
too ...
盡量周末也要堅持你的睡眠時間表……
（1）on schedule　　　　　準時；按時間表
ahead of schedule＝ahead of time　　提前
a busy schedule　　忙碌的日程安排
according to schedule　　根據工作計劃
（2）be scheduled for　　預定；安排
be scheduled to do　　預定做……
as scheduled　　如期；按照預定時間
【用法】
【佳句】　One can always manage to do more things， no matter how
full one’s schedule is in life.
無論一個人生活中的日程安排有多滿，他總能設法做更多的事情。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①We should work extra hours to complete it schedule or even
ahead schedule.
②The English speech contest is scheduled next Friday afternoon.
③She （schedule） to give a speech tonight， hoping
all of us will attend it.
on　
of　
for　
is scheduled　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
④According to our plan， English Talent Show will be held this Friday.
→ ， English Talent Show will be held this Friday.
（schedule）
As scheduled　
in addition 此外
【教材原句】　In addition， Miss Edwards says the surgery makes her
look unnatural and that she is unable to make certain facial expressions.此
外，愛德華茲小姐說，手術使她看起來不自然，而且她無法做出某些
面部表情。
（1）in addition to＝besides/apart from　　　除……之外（還）……
in addition＝besides/furthermore/what’s more　　此外，而且
（2）addition n.　　增加，添加；加法
additional adj.　　額外的，附加的
【用法】
【佳句】　In addition to English， he has to study a second foreign
language.
除英語之外，他還得學習第二門外語。
The government provided an additional 25 million to expand the
service.
政府另撥2500萬美元用于拓展該服務項目。
【練通】　單句語法填空
①I think playing computer games is a waste of time. addition， it
is bad for your health.
In　
②Extra warmth from sunlight can put an （addition） load
on the air-conditioning system.
【寫美】　詞匯升級
③Besides my studies， I got involved in lots of physical activities.
→ my studies， I got involved in lots of
physical activities.
additional　
In addition to/Apart from　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
1. I’ll never forget the village I spent my childhood.
2. He didn’t tell me the reason he was so excited.
3. This is the park in we had a picnic last Sunday.
4. Do you still remember the day we met on the train for the
first time？
where　
why　
which　
when　
5. They all lent a helping hand to the man house had been
burnt down.
6. There was a time women were looked down upon.
7. The reason he was late for work was that he was stuck in a
traffic jam.
8. Do you still remember those days we spent in that poor
wooden house？
9. Give me a reason is different from the one you gave last
time.
10. This is the museum we visited during our class trip.
whose　
when　
why　
which/that　
which/that　
that/which　
維度二：語法與寫作
用定語從句完成下列句子。
1. I still remember the day .
我仍然記得第一次來學校的那一天。
2. The factory is a large one.
我工作的工廠是一個大工廠。
3. The reason was that he was ill
in bed.
他沒能去那里的原因是他臥病在床。
on which/when I first came to school　
in which/where I work　
why/for which he could not go there　
4. We are living in an age
.
我們生活在許多事情可以在電腦上做的時代。
5. After graduation he returned to the small town
.
畢業以后，他回到了他成長的那個小鎮上。
6. The guide showed the tourists to the room
.
導游帶領游客們去參觀了魯迅工作過的那個房間。
when/in which many things can be done on
computers　
where/in which he
grew up　
where/in which Lu Xun
had worked　
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，根據括號內的漢語提示完成語篇。
Look！ The beautiful lady 1. （名字叫瑪
麗） teaches us English.She is the only one of the three teachers 2.
（獲得） the School Teacher of the Year Award.The boy beside
her is our monitor 3. （他的父親） designed the
teaching building 4. （我們現在
正在學習的）.Mary once told us the reason 5.
whose name is Mary　
who
won　
whose father　
where/in which we are studying now　
（為什么我們要學好英
語）.I’ll never forget 6. （她
教我們的那些日子）.I think our dear teacher Mary， the beautiful
school 7. （我將從這里畢業） and
all the other beautiful things will stay in my mind forever！
why/for which we should learn English well　
the days when/on which she taught us　
where/from which I will graduate　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　The measure of a good night’s sleep is usually based on two
things — the amount of time spent sleeping and the quality of that
sleep.But now researchers say there is a third thing that matters even more
than the other two when it comes to keeping good sleep habits， and that
is having a regular bedtime.
A study has found that going to sleep and waking up at the same time
every day has an important effect on one’s health.Adults who stick to a
regular bedtime tend to weigh less， have lower blood sugar and a reduced
risk of heart disease.
The researchers studied the sleeping habits of 2，000 adults with an
average age of 69.They found that people with greater irregularity （無規
律的事物） in their sleep patterns tended to go to sleep later at night，
feel sleepy and sleep more during the day， and experienced reduced light
exposure.These people were also more likely to be stressed.Among the
three kinds of sleep problems， sleep regularity was the most strongly
associated with health.
Of course， there are many people for whom this may be
impossible， such as night-shift workers or those with late-night duty.But
for those who don’t have mandatory （強制的） reasons to stay up
late， they should make an effort to go to bed at the same time every
night.Skip the late afternoon coffee.Get off the phone.Try the sleep
calculator to figure out the best bedtime.
As Matthew Walker， a scientist， wrote，“The shorter your
sleep， the shorter your life.” Surely that’s reasonable enough to go to
bed on time.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，除了睡眠時間和睡眠質
量外，規律的就寢時間對于人的健康起著很重要的作用。
1. What can we infer from the research？
A. People feel more stressed when they grow older.
B. The old often have less sleep.
C. Adults enjoy sleeping late.
D. Regular bedtime does good to our health.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可推斷，規律的就寢時間
對我們的健康有很大好處。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，除了睡眠時間和睡眠質
量外，規律的就寢時間對于人的健康起著很重要的作用。
2. Which of the following influences health most？
A. Reduced light exposure.
B. Sleep regularity.
C. Sleeping during the day.
D. Sleeping late at night.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第三段最后一句可知，在三種睡眠問
題中，睡眠規律與健康的關系最為密切。由此可知，睡眠規律對健
康影響最大。
3. According to the author， what should those who don’t have to stay
up late do？
A. Avoid the late-night duty.
B. Skip the late-night coffee.
C. Get off the phone while working.
D. Try to sleep at the same time each night.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第四段中的But for those who don’t
have mandatory （強制的） reasons to stay up late， they should
make an effort to go to bed at the same time every night.可知，那些不
必熬夜的人應該每晚盡量在同一時間睡覺。
4. What’s the best title for the text？
A. The Importance of Sleep
B. Ways to Have a Good Sleep
C. Regular Bedtime for Your Health
D. The Suitable Time for Sleep
解析： 　標題歸納題。文章第一、二句點明主旨，接下來介紹了
規律的就寢時間對于養成良好睡眠習慣的重要性以及給人們的健康
帶來的好處。因此C項（規律的就寢時間有益于你的健康）為本文
最佳標題。
B
　　In 1997 Warrick Dunn signed a contract （合同） worth millions to
play professional football with the NFL’s Tampa Bay Buccaneers.His
coach at the time， Tony Dungy， encouraged the newcomer to find a
way to give back.
“I wanted to do something that was a little bit more impactful， not
just handing out food，” he said.“I wanted to do something that had a
real influence in the community.”
Dunn finally decided to focus on helping single parents buy their own
places to live.To date， Warrick Dunn Charities has helped nearly 200
single parents buy and furnish （布置） their own homes.
Dunn said the idea was inspired （賦予靈感） by his late mother，
Betty Smothers， a single mom of six who worked as a police
officer.“She went out of her way even when she didn’t have a lot to
help other people，” Dunn explained.On 7 January 1993， she died
when she was at work.“She lost her life， and she was never able to
realize her dream of owning a home，” said Dunn.
Dunn started with a program called Homes for the Holidays.It
focused on simply getting people into homes.“$5，000 down payment
and we fully furnish their homes with food， furniture， garden tools，
TVs， computers all the way down to the toothbrush，” Dunn
said.“We wanted to give people the chance to break their cycle of
poverty （貧窮循環）.”
Today， Warrick Dunn Charities has expanded from Homes for the
Holidays to include three more programs：Count on Your Future，
Sculpt， and the Hearts for Community Service scholarships.Together
Dunn said the programs can change communities by fighting poverty and
hunger and improving families’ quality of life.
“It gave me a base to think and be able to be in a place to map out
the next steps，” said Kia Savage-Lewis， who took part in the 2005
Homes for the Holidays.“Up until that point， survival was my thinking
process.” Now Savage-Lewis has completed her education and runs her
own small business.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。一名職業橄欖球運動員創立慈善
機構，資助單親父母購買和裝修房子。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。一名職業橄欖球運動員創立慈善
機構，資助單親父母購買和裝修房子。
5. What does the underlined word “impactful” in Paragraph 2 probably
mean？
A. Influential. B. Interesting.
C. Inexpensive. D. International.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后Dunn所說的not just handing
out food和I wanted to do something that had a real influence in the
community.可知，Dunn想做一些更有影響力的事情，而不僅僅是
分發食物這樣的小事。
6. Why is Smothers mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A. To describe the risk of police work.
B. To introduce difficulties in raising kids alone.
C. To explain the beginning of Warrick Dunn Charities.
D. To show the efforts people made to help a single mother.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據語境可知，第四段第一句中的the idea
指代Dunn創辦Warrick Dunn Charities這一想法；結合本段中的Dunn
said the idea was inspired （賦予靈感） by his late mother， Betty
Smothers，以及下文中具體介紹她如何給予Dunn靈感可知，提及
Smothers是為了解釋Dunn成立Warrick Dunn Charities的初衷。
7. How does Savage-Lewis feel about Homes for the Holidays？
A. It is life-changing.
B. It is technology-based.
C. It is specially designed.
D. It is widely recognized.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Savage-Lewis所說的話可
知，Homes for the Holidays項目讓她擁有了自己的房子，為她提供
了思考和制定下一步計劃的基礎；而在參加該項目之前，她一直以
來想的都是如何生存。由此可推知，Savage-Lewis認為該項目改變
了她的人生。
8. What is the text mainly about？
A. A good way to get out of poverty.
B. A footballer giving back to communities.
C. A program focusing on improving life quality.
D. A new charity to help solve the housing problem.
解析： 　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了職業橄欖
球運動員Warrick Dunn創立慈善機構，資助單親父母購買和裝修房
子的故事。
C
　　Most of us want to get into shape and be healthy.For many of us
nutrition and watching what we eat is an important way to stay
healthy.But when it comes to food， what is calorie counting， and what
are the positives and negatives of it？
A law in the UK came into force in April 2022 that requires
restaurants， takeaways， and cafes to display the calorie information of
nonpre-packed food and soft drinks on their menus.It’s a strategy aiming
to deal with obesity and give people a more informed choice of what goes
down into their stomachs.Being able to count calories and know how
much we can eat is a great way to try and stay on track with our diet.
However， there are some disbelievers when it comes to calorie
counting.200 calories of fresh fruit and 200 calories of junk food， for
example cookies， have the same calorific value.However， there is a
question of the health benefits of what you’re eating， regardless of
calories.While fresh fruit like apples contains things like vitamin C， junk
food could contain an unhealthy level of sugar and fats.Likewise （同樣
地）， fruit may fill you up and leave you not wanting more food for
longer than a biscuit with equal calories — meaning， overall， you eat
less.
Simply counting calories， while useful for weight loss， doesn’t
take into account your in take of good fats， carbohydrates， and
proteins — things that your body needs.So， if you’re trying to stick to a
low-carbon diet， just looking at numbers of calories on a menu won’t be
that useful.So， always be mindful that what you’re eating is part of a
healthy balanced diet.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了考慮到健康問題，
我們是否應該計算卡路里。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了考慮到健康問題，
我們是否應該計算卡路里。
9. What’s the aim of the newly-passed law in the UK？
A. To ensure food security.
B. To direct the food industry.
C. To help reduce obesity.
D. To get tough with the businessmen.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段中的It’s a strategy aimed
to deal with obesity可知，英國新通過的這項法律的目的是幫助
減少肥胖。
10. What opinion do disbelievers hold？
A. Calorie alone doesn’t contribute to health.
B. Junk food has more calories than fresh fruit.
C. Less calories mean less food in your stomach.
D. Sugar and fats are more harmful than calories.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的there is a question of the
health benefits of what you’re eating， regardless of calories可知，
質疑者認為熱量本身對健康沒有意義，食物的營養更重要。
11. What’s the text mainly about？
A. The best way to keep in shape.
B. A research result of obesity in the UK.
C. Nutrition and its health benefits.
D. Opinions and comments on calorie counting.
解析： 　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講的是計算卡
路里的意義和局限性，介紹了針對計算卡路里的不同觀點。
12. From which section of a magazine is this text most likely taken？
A. Entertainment. B. Lifestyle.
C. Finance. D. Education.
解析： 　文章出處題。文章主要介紹了考慮到健康問題，我們
是否應該計算卡路里，這與健康生活有關，所以文章最有可能是
從雜志的“生活方式”版塊選取的。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　You’ve finally climbed the ladder and earned your first management
role.Now what？Welcome to a new world with a new set of
challenges.Chances are you were a top individual performer and that’s
why you were promoted to a management position.Ironically （諷刺
地）， those skills aren’t going to be of much use to you now. 　13　.
It’s all about your team.
Welcome to a world where your success is no longer dependent on
your individual performance. 　14　.You probably didn’t worry too
much if a colleague was struggling.Sure， you helped them out where you
could but ultimately you had your own work to focus on.Now that
struggler is pulling down your team’s performance.Moving them up the
performance curve is a key priority.
Communication is key.
Your team members aren’t mind readers or robots.As a leader，
you need to communicate with your team clearly and
effectively. 　15　.If your team doesn’t know what you want from
them， how can you expect them to deliver （履行職責）？Learn to
make the goal clear.This is more difficult than it sounds.You aren’t
leading a team of robots. 　16　.A few well-placed words of
encouragement or a well-timed check can make a huge difference to an
employee having a tough time.Similarly， a small piece of public praise
for a high-performing employee can remind the rest of the team that you do
notice when they work hard and perform well.
Leadership isn’t something you’ve mastered. 　17　 — that’s
the joy and frustration of leadership.
A. Your behaviour will have a big impact on employees’ motivation
B. Let’s take a quick look at a couple of the most important skills
C. Setting clear goals and expectations is a key part of leadership
D. Showing genuine relationships will ultimately lead to complete success
E. You will only succeed by ensuring that every member of your team is
succeeding
F. You’ll have worked hard for your promotion and have rich experience
in your chosen field
G. All leaders， no matter how skilful or experienced， are always
working on improving their skills
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個好的團隊領導
需要學會的技能。
13. B　上文說到被提升到管理職位之后，你之前擁有的技能現在用
處不大，所以設空處應介紹有用處的技能，B項（讓我們快速了解一
些最重要的技能）承接上文，符合語境。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個好的團隊領導
需要學會的技能。
14. E　上文說明成功不再取決于你個人的表現，E項（只有確保團隊
中的每個成員都成功，你才能成功）承接上文，說明成功與團隊中的
每個成員都有關，符合語境。
15. C　上文說明你要與團隊進行清晰有效的溝通，下文指出你要明
確告知團隊你的目標和期望，C項（設定明確的目標和期望是領導力
的關鍵部分）承上啟下，符合語境。
16. A　下文說明你的言語和做法會如何對員工產生影響，是具體的
例子，A項（你的行為會對員工的積極性產生很大的影響）引出下
文，符合語境。
17. G　上文說明領導力不是你已經掌握的東西，所以你總是需要提
升自己的技能，G項（所有的領導者，無論多么熟練或經驗豐富，都
一直在努力提高自己的技能）承接上文，符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　When I was a young Dad， my family was struggling just to get by.I
was getting a few days’ work here and there as a substitute （代課的）
teacher.I was teaching every 　18　 and every grade.Then near the end
of the school year I got 　19　 at the last second to teach at a local grade
school.
I got there late 　20　 the summer to come and the 　21　 of work it
would bring.The class I got had a bad case of summer break 　22　
too.There was no surprising that they were 　23　， bouncing off their
seats and talking excitedly.
Finally， it was time for a short 　24　 and I was as happy as they
were to get outside the 　25　 classroom.I watched them play and hoped
it would 　26　 them out so the afternoon wouldn’t be as 　27　 as the
morning had been on me.A little girl ran up to me.She had a handful of
freshly 　28　 wild flowers.“This is for you， Mr Mazzella.” she
said.In that second I felt a 　29　 I hadn’t felt all day.I smiled and
thanked her as she skipped 　30　 away.
Every single thing we do is a part of our purpose here and our
mission.It is a lifelong 　31　 too， so stop worrying about your mission
and your purpose.You are 　32　 them each and every day.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在當地一所小
學教書的經歷和感悟。
18. A. day B. subject C. school D. time
解析： 　根據上文a young Dad， my family was struggling just to
get by和下文every grade可知，當時作者的家庭比較拮據，為了掙
錢，當老師的時候，教哪一門學科和哪一個年級都行。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在當地一所小
學教書的經歷和感悟。
19. A. called in B. turned down
C. picked up D. watched out
解析： 　根據上下文got 　19　 ... to teach at a local grade
school可知，作者被叫到當地一所小學教書。call in召來；turn
down拒絕；pick up撿起；watch out小心。
20. A. waiting for B. dreaming of
C. worrying about D. concentrating on
解析： 　根據空后的the summer to come and the 　21　 of work it
would bring可知，作者擔心即將到來的夏天，學生們會放假而自
己就會沒有工作。wait for等待；dream of做夢；worry about擔
心；concentrate on專注于。
21. A. lack B. reward
C. change D. influence
解析： 　參見上題解析。lack缺乏；reward獎勵；change變化；
influence影響。
22. A. boredom B. arrangement
C. depression D. fever
解析： 　此處與前面提到的the summer to come和summer break
呼應，因為要放暑假了，學生們都非常地興奮。fever在這里強調
激動興奮的樣子。boredom無聊；arrangement安排；depression憂
郁；fever激動不安，興奮緊張。
23. A. curious B. noisy
C. calm D. active
解析： 　此處與前面的summer break和后面的bouncing off their
seats and talking excitedly呼應，因為要放假了，學生們吵鬧也就
不足為奇了。curious好奇的；noisy吵鬧的；calm冷靜的；active積
極的。
24. A. lunch B. break C. lesson D. game
解析： 　根據下文as they were to get outside可知，學生們要出去
玩，說明這時應該是下課了，是休息時間。lunch午餐；break休
息；lesson課；game游戲。
25. A. quiet B. big C. hot D. dirty
解析： 　上文已經提到了summer，因此教室應該是炎熱的。
quiet安靜的；big大的；hot熱的；dirty骯臟的。
26. A. wear B. knock C. keep D. leave
解析： 　根據上文I watched them play和下文so the afternoon
wouldn’t be as 　27　 as the morning had been on me可知，作者
看著他們玩耍，希望能讓他們筋疲力盡，這樣下午上課就不會像
早上那樣艱難了。wear sb out使某人筋疲力盡。knock敲門；keep
保持；leave離開。
27. A. long B. quick C. dull D. tough
解析： 　此處與上文的bouncing off their seats and talking
excitedly呼應，作者上課的時候，因為學生們要放假了，都很興
奮不老實，所以上課很艱難。long長的；quick快的；dull沉悶
的； tough艱難的。
28. A. planted B. picked
C. pressed D. decorated
解析： 　根據空前的a handful of freshly和空后的wild flowers可
知，是一把剛采摘的野花。plant種植；pick挑選；press壓制；
decorate裝飾。
29. A. surprise B. regret
C. joy D. praise
解析： 　根據下文的I smiled and thanked her可知，在那一秒
鐘，作者感到了一種喜悅。surprise驚喜；regret后悔；joy喜悅；
praise稱贊。
30. A. happily B. carefully
C. hesitantly D. anxiously
解析： 　此處與上文的smiled和thanked呼應，作者微笑著感謝
她，她高興地跳著走了。happily高興地；carefully仔細地；
hesitantly猶豫不決地；anxiously焦急地。
31. A. idea B. challenge
C. adventure D. process
解析： 　根據上文Every single thing ... our mission.可知，我們
所做的每一件事都是我們在這里的目標和使命的一部分。這也是
一個終生的過程。idea想法；challenge挑戰；adventure冒險；
process過程。
32. A. discussing B. living
C. considering D. offering
解析： 　此處與上文so stop worrying about your mission and your
purpose呼應，指不要擔心你的使命和目的。你每天都在踐行（你
的使命和目的）。discuss討論；live （以某種方式）生活；實
踐；consider考慮；offer提供。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　As a wildlife 　33　 （photograph）， Tobias Baumgaertner has
taken many 　34　 （amaze） photos.But very few photos reach a lot of
people 　35　 touch their hearts like the two penguins （企鵝） that are
displaying the beauty of love.
In 2019， Tobias spent three nights with a colony of fairy penguins in
St Kilda Pier in Melbourne， Australia.During that time， he 　36　
（notice） a pair standing out from the group.One penguin had its wing
gently resting over the other in what appeared to be a loving embrace （擁
抱）.
Tobias didn’t know that loss connected the two.“A volunteer told
me that the white on was an elderly lady who had lost her partner， and so
had 　37　 younger male to the left，” he explained.“Since then they
often meet， comforting each other and standing together 　38　 hours
watching the dancing lights of the nearby city.”
Moved， Tobias set out to record their heart-warming moments.It
took days， but he left with two perfect photos — and two 　39　
（example） of how love can heal.Tobias shared the photos on
Instagram， 　40　 （write），“During hard times the truly lucky ones
are those that can be with the people they love most.”
His photos became 　41　 （extreme） popular， touching
thousands.As one person put it，“It’s the 　42　 （cute）， most
heart-warming thing I’ve ever seen.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一位攝影師抓拍到兩只各自失去伴
侶的企鵝互相安慰對方的溫暖時刻。
33. photographer　考查詞形轉換。設空處被冠詞a限定，且指出了
Tobias Baumgaertner的身份是攝影師，應該用表示單數意義的名詞，
故填photographer。
34. amazing　考查詞形轉換。設空處作定語修飾photos，且表示“令
人驚奇的”，故填amazing。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一位攝影師抓拍到兩只各自失去伴
侶的企鵝互相安慰對方的溫暖時刻。
35. and　考查連詞。本句中的reach a lot of people與touch their hearts
之間為并列關系，兩個動作先后發生，故填and。reach被……看到
（或聽到）。
36. noticed　考查動詞的時態。根據本段中的時間狀語In 2019和
During that time可知，設空處表示發生在過去某個時間的動作，應該
用一般過去時，故填noticed。
37. the　考查冠詞。此處特指兩只企鵝中年齡較小的那只，故填the。
38. for　考查介詞。設空處后接hours，表示一段時間，故填for。
39. examples　考查名詞復數。設空處與photos為并列關系，因為其前
有數詞two，應該用表示復數意義的名詞，故填examples。
40. writing　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作狀語，句子的主語Tobias與
write之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故填writing。
41. extremely　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語修飾popular，應該用副
詞，故填extremely。
42. cutest　考查形容詞的最高級。設空處與most heart-warming為并列
關系，二者均表示最高級意義，故填cutest。
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