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Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
維度一：基礎題型練
寫出下列句中加黑部分在句中所作的成分。
1.Whenever you are ready will be fine. 　　　　　　　
2.He worked hard all day today.　　　　　　　
3.He speaks the language badly but reads it well. 　　　　　　　
4.Does she really mean to leave home？ 　　　　　　　
5.They are looking for the person responsible for the program. 　　　　　　　
6.The new comer was popular with the teachers and students. 　　　　　　　
7.Our English teacher is kind and friendly. 　　　　　　　
8.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow. 　　　　　　　
9.There are many films that I’d like to see. 　　　　　　　
10.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 　　　　　　　
維度二：語法與寫作
使用本單元所學的句子成分和句子結構翻譯下列句子。
1.太陽從東方升起。（SVA）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.他的臉紅了。（SVP）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.他拒絕幫助他們。（SVO）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.奶奶昨晚給我講了一個有趣的故事。（SVOO）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.我們都認為他是誠實的。（SVOC）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.桌子上有一支鋼筆、兩本書和許多鉛筆。（存現句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
維度三：語法與語篇
根據漢語提示，按要求完成下面的語段。
Dear Mr Smith，
I am writing to tell you an important change about my summer vacation schedule.The reason why I have to change my summer schedule is that 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （有一個項目） for a group of students to help some poor students in a remote village.The project will last a month.Unfortunately， I am one of them.I hope 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （這個變化不會使你失望）.Will this winter vacation be appropriate for me to carry on my American culture tour？3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我很興奮）.When I imagine that 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我能體驗一個不同的春節） from my hometown！ Again， sorry for the schedule change and inconvenience.5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我盼望您的回復） soon.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　It is very challenging when it comes to trying to master the English language.However， there are some things you can do to improve your English learning.The following books are an excellent way for people trying to learn English or get better at it.
Oxford Picture Dictionary
This is a great book for those who like to learn things visually.You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.There is also a bilingual version for those who want to learn using their own native language.
Word Power Made Easy
This useful dictionary provides one of the best ways to learn over 1，000 of the words which are most commonly used in English.The book has many interesting activities and games， and gives tips on avoiding spelling errors.
NTC Vocabulary Builders
Students who are more advanced in the English language will greatly like NTC Vocabulary Builders.If you want to build your English vocabulary， then this book is a good choice.
English Vocabulary in Use Series
This is one of the best-selling books by Cambridge University Press.The book is good for students of the English language of all levels who want to have a wider vocabulary.You can choose to learn British English or American English.
Improving your English is one of the best ways to make sure that you will do great in life.It can open many doors for you.For those who are not native English speakers， these books will come in handy.With hard work， anyone can be a master of the English language.
1.Which book provides ways to stay away from mistakes in spelling？
A.Oxford Picture Dictionary.
B.Word Power Made Easy.
C.NTC Vocabulary Builders.
D.English Vocabulary in Use.
2.What is special about Oxford Picture Dictionary？
A.It is designed for language beginners.
B.It offers advice on language learning.
C.It provides many pictures to help learn language.
D.It gives learners a lot of interesting daily tasks.
3.Who is the text written for？
A.Those who want to teach English.
B.Those who want to do great in life.
C.Those who want to take on new challenges.
D.Those who want to improve their vocabulary.
B
　　Putting a note in a child’s lunch box secretly is nothing new， but one dad has taken the practice to a new level.In 2017， Chris Yandle just moved back to Mandeville， Louisiana， after losing his job.His family had moved many times throughout his career， and his kids were anxious about attending yet another school.
His daughter Addison was due to start fourth grade at her fourth school in five years， and she was nervous.Chris noticed it.He decided to write her a short note of encouragement to let her know that he was always there for her.“Be nice to others，” he wrote.“Not everyone will look like you.Learn to find the unique and special things in other people.” The next day， the dad penned another note — and then another.Eventually， it became a daily part of their routine， and he realized the short messages were helping him as much as they helped his daughter.
The notes worked！Addison settled into her new school.Now， she’s excelling in middle school， and her mom， Ashleigh Yandle， says she’s never seen Addison more confident and independent.Chris uses his own life experiences to craft the notes.He hopes to guide his daughter in her decision-making process and help her benefit from his own mistakes and achievements.
Chris shares his encouraging notes on the Internet， where they’ve become popular with other parents.He recently collected hundreds of his wise thoughts in a book.“Each page not only is the message I wrote her， but there’s a story behind each one，” he said.The biggest takeaway Chris can share with other parents is this： Spend time with your kids！It doesn’t matter what you do； just knowing you’re available will help them open up and explore the world around them.Great advice from a great dad！
4.What made Chris’s children anxious？
A.Chris lost his job.
B.Chris wrote them many notes.
C.They had to adapt to another school.
D.They weren’t able to attend the best school.
5.Why did Chris write the notes for his daughter Addison？
A.To get into a routine.
B.To encourage Addison.
C.To be like other people.
D.To help himself in daily life.
6.How has Addison become under the influence of the notes according to her mother？
A.More confident and helpful. B.More independent and ambitious.
C.More popular and experienced. D.More confident and independent.
7.What does Chris advise other parents to do？
A.Offer whatever their children want.
B.Take away what is unnecessary from their children.
C.Show their children they’re always there for them.
D.Put the same notes in their children’s lunch boxes.
C
　　Going from middle school to high school can be difficult， as students are faced with new academic and social challenges. Before the first day of high school， there are things every soon-to-be high school freshman and his family should know.
People that have a fixed mindset （思維傾向） believe that they are born to be strong or weak. On the other hand， people that have a growth mindset believe that their strength or weakness is because of their own actions.I totally agree that students should have a growth mindset. I don’t expect any student to move from just passing a subject to an A＋. It’s going to take time and focused effort； just keep working on it.
Parents should prepare students to fight the battle “on the pillow” and “in the kitchen”. When I say “pillow”， I mean sleep. Not having enough sleep can have some surprising effects on students， including improper behaviour， anxiety and poor grades. The second weapon is eating healthy and balanced meals.Studies show that students who eat nutritious meals and who exercise 60 minutes a day remain more attentive （專心的） during the school day and experience improved academic achievement and grades. This last “secret” weapon is not to have over-scheduled time. Make sure students know how to set realistic plans and how to say no to tasks and activities that aren’t important to them.
A lot of students who know each other from primary and middle school are in their “comfort zones”， feeling they have a sense of control over and expectations of their relationships. Then comes the first real day of high school， and that will all change. The reason why I encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zones， though often scary， is that comfort zones get boring and there are many kinds of people to get to know. Let’s encourage them to get involved， have fun and play.
8.Which of the following represents a fixed mindset？
A.I’m at the starting point of my potential.
B.My mother is not good at chemistry either.
C.I should start studying a little earlier next time.
D.It’s okay if I fail； at least I’ve learnt something.
9.What might the author encourage parents to do？
A.Prepare healthy meals for their kids.
B.Praise their kids when they do well in school.
C.Take their kids to visit their grandparents often.
D.Buy soft pillows for their kids to have a good rest.
10.What is the third weapon mainly about？
A.Enjoying good health. B.Acquiring the ability to say no.
C.Balancing schoolwork and play. D.Developing time management skills.
11.What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to？
A.The expectation of future.
B.The value of friendship.
C.The feeling of having control over relationships.
D.The sense of helplessness.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
How to Find Your Potential
　　Personal potential is all about hard work and strategy.Here are four tips that will guide you on finding motivation and putting it to good use.
Know Your Inner Voice
　12　 Bear in mind that you’re not looking for your potential here but only finding out what you truly want in life.Your potential is finally what you work for.It’s best to work for things that you want so that you enjoy the process.
Make Efforts
Once you’ve planned a suitable final goal， it’s time to make an effort.Understanding your potential requires big efforts in the right direction.It won’t just click one day randomly.　13　
Set Milestones （里程碑）
One mistake that a lot of people make in hopes of understanding their potential is aiming for the stars on the first go.　14　 That’s not how you get successful.It’s the baby steps that take you to your goal.
When you set milestones， try to break down the long-term process into smaller parts.　15　
Accept Failures
Bear in mind that you’re only getting started.Even if something is your passion， you can’t possibly be perfect at it at once.Failures are part of every success story.It’s all right to have some unexpected things here and there.Don’t let them demotivate you.　16　 It only means you’re learning more， and that will finally help you grow beyond limits.
A.You have to work to find answers.
B.The secret is to celebrate the little successes.
C.You can then work towards your other option.
D.Step by step， you open the way to your big goal.
E.The first step towards success is to listen to yourself.
F.Failing does not mean that you have to change your path.
G.They set their mind on the bigger picture and directly go for it.
12.　　　　　　13.　　　　　　14.　　　　
15.　　　 16.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　A dad is winning hearts after he shared interviews with his daughter from kindergarten （幼兒園） all the way up to her first day as a high school senior.
Last week， Kevin Scruggs posted the 　17　 video compilation （匯編） of his youngest， Madison， 18， on the Internet where it has since been 　18　 over 60，000 times.
“I thought it would be cool when they 　19　 for them to see their whole career in one video，” Scruggs said， adding that he made a similar video for his eldest daughter， 20-year-old Mackenzie. “I wanted to have something to 　20　.”
“Did you like kindergarten？”Scruggs can be heard 　21　 Madison in the video.“Do you want to 　22　？”
“Every day，”she replies as she happily heads home.
The video continues with Madison sharing 　23　 stories， what she did during lunchtime， what she 　24　 in her locker and how she was excited about entering high school.Scruggs ended up each year telling Madison he 　25　 her to which she replies，“Love you too！”
Madison said that she enjoyed seeing herself 　26　 in the video.“It was also 　27　 to see my personality change，” Madison said.“I’m really 　28　 for how much time my dad puts into it， how much he loves us and how much he and my mom 　29　 for us.”
“I’m 　30　 to be her dad and I’m glad people get to see the joy that’s in her 　31　，” Scruggs said.
17.A.touching　　　　　B.shocking
C.useful D.fearful
18.A.reported B.changed
C.tested D.viewed
19.A.meet B.graduate
C.work D.marry
20.A.believe B.remember
C.discuss D.learn
21.A.advising B.coaching
C.asking D.calling
22.A.stay in B.stand by
C.turn up D.go back
23.A.classroom B.family
C.travel D.bedtime
24.A.knew B.wore
C.kept D.won
25.A.loves B.misses
C.needs D.trusts
26.A.fit in B.grow up
C.run around D.show off
27.A.crazy B.correct
C.cool D.challenging
28.A.sorry B.ready
C.famous D.thankful
29.A.do B.pay
C.mean D.want
30.A.afraid B.glad
C.unable D.safe
31.A.relationship B.business
C.music D.life
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Freshman year 　32　 （offer） new opportunities， classes and social situations， which is often a big adjustment coming from middle school.
“It is an adjustment year， and you need to let 　33　 （you） adjust to high school，” senior Gershon Stein said.
One of the best ways to 　34　 （rapid） adjust to this new environment， according to Gershon， is by 　35　 （find） a close group of friends through clubs and after-class activities.Gershon， 　36　 was new in his freshman year， joined the Ethics Bowl club to meet people.
“You’re going through a very difficult curriculum （課程） and you don’t really have a lot of close friends to talk to because it takes time 　37　 （develop） friendships，” Gershon said.“Remember that you will make friends and you will have close relationships.It just might take a little bit of time.”
While clubs and after-class activities are a great way to meet new people， Gershon stresses the 　38　 （important） of spending time with family and friends and not overscheduling （過度安排） your life.
During freshman year， 　39　 （student） must also decide whether they prefer to take four 　40　 five majors.
“I think kids have to do what is right for them，”Gershon said.“I think five majors are pretty manageable if you’re willing to put in a lot of work and long hours.I think it also depends 　41　 what you want your work-life balance to look like.”
32.　　　　　　 33.　　　　　　34.　　　　
35.　　　 36.　　　 37.　　　
38.　　　 39.　　　 40.　　　
41.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.主語　2.謂語　3.狀語　4.賓語　5.定語　6.主語
7.表語　8.間接賓語　9.定語　10.賓語補語
維度二
1.The sun rises in the east.
2.His face turned red.
3.He refused to help them.
4.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
5.All of us considered him honest.
6.There is a pen， two books and many pencils on the desk.
維度三
1.there is a project　2.the change won’t make you disappointed　3.I am very excited　4.I can experience a different Spring Festival　5.I look/am looking forward to your reply
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要推薦了一些可以幫助人們學習英語或者提高英語水平的書籍。1.B　細節理解題。根據Word Power Made Easy部分中的The book has many interesting activities and games， and gives tips on avoiding spelling errors.可知，Word Power Made Easy提供了避免拼寫錯誤的方法。
2.C　細節理解題。根據Oxford Picture Dictionary部分中的You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.可知，Oxford Picture Dictionary的獨特之處在于其提供了許多幫助學習語言的圖片。
3.D　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句和關于每本書的介紹可知，本文主要介紹了可以幫助提高英語詞匯量的書籍。由此推測，文章是寫給想要提高詞匯量的人看的。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Chris一家經歷了多次搬家，他的女兒Addison也因為又要適應新學校而變得焦慮，Chris為鼓勵女兒每天都給她寫一張紙條，這給了Addison很大的信心。
4.C　細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句中的his kids were anxious about attending yet another school可知，因為要去一所新的學校，還要重新適應新的環境，Chris的孩子們很焦慮。
5.B　細節理解題。根據第二段中的He decided to write her a short note of encouragement to let her know that he was always there for her.可知，Chris給女兒Addison寫鼓勵的話，讓她知道自己永遠都在。由此可知，Chris給女兒Addison寫紙條是為了鼓勵她。
6.D　細節理解題。根據第三段中的she’s never seen Addison more confident and independent可知，在父親寫的紙條的影響下，Addison變得更自信也更自立了。
7.C　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的Spend time with your kids！It doesn’t matter what you do； just knowing you’re available will help them open up and explore the world around them.可知，Chris認為，父母應該多陪伴孩子，父母做什么并不重要，而是讓孩子知道父母隨時都在，這會幫助他們敞開心扉和探索周圍的世界。由此可推知，Chris建議其他父母讓孩子們知道他們一直都在他們身邊。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。學生從初中升入高中時可能會面臨新的學業和社交挑戰，作者就如何應對這些挑戰給出了自己的看法。
8.B　推理判斷題。根據第二段第一句可知，有固定思維傾向的人認為他們的強或弱是與生俱來的，B項（我媽媽化學也不好）的言外之意是：我的化學不好，其實是與生俱來的弱項，因為媽媽的化學也不好。所以B項代表了一種固定的思維傾向。
9.A　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句和The second weapon is eating healthy and balanced meals.可以推知，作者可能會鼓勵家長們為他們的孩子準備健康的食物。
10.D　細節理解題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，第三個手段主要是培養時間管理技能。
11.C　代詞指代題。畫線詞前提到學生們在升入高中前感覺自己對人際關系有控制感、有期待，從而推知畫線詞that應指代前文提到的情況，即“感覺對人際關系有控制感”。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四條關于如何發掘個人潛力的建議。
12.E　根據Know Your Inner Voice和空后一句可知，想要弄明白自己真正想要的東西，要先了解自己的內心。故E項（走向成功的第一步是傾聽自己的內心）符合語境。E項中的listen to yourself呼應小標題中的Your Inner Voice。
13.A　上文指出了解你的潛力需要你在正確的方向上付出巨大的努力，而不是某一天突然就能領悟到。故A項（你必須努力去尋找答案）承接上文，符合語境。A項中的find answers呼應上文中的Understanding your potential。click意為“被突然明白，豁然開朗”。
14.G　上文指出有些人想一下子就了解自己的潛力，下文指出那不是取得成功的方式，因此本空應該與那些人的做法相關。故G項（他們把注意力放在更大的愿景上，然后直接就去做）符合語境。G項中的They指代上文中的a lot of people，且set their mind on the bigger picture呼應上文中的aiming for the stars。aim for the stars志存高遠，心比天高；first go第一次嘗試。
15.D　根據Set Milestones以及上文中的It’s the baby steps that take you to your goal.和try to break down the long-term process into smaller parts可知，作者建議逐步地實現目標。故D項（逐步地，你將邁向自己的大目標）指出制定階段性目標的結果，符合語境。
16.F　根據上文內容可知，失敗是成功的一部分，作者建議要接受失敗；再根據空后一句可知，設空處應指出It指代什么，且與失敗產生的影響有關。故F項（失敗并不意味著你必須改變你的道路）與下文內容形成轉折關系，符合語境。下文中的It指代F項中的Failing，且F項中的mean與下文中的means是原詞復現。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。一位父親多年來一直在女兒開學第一天拍視頻采訪她。最近，他將視頻匯編發布在網上，贏得了眾多網友的心。
17.A　根據第一段內容和語境可知，Kevin Scruggs就是上文中提到的那位父親，他連續多年在女兒開學第一天拍視頻采訪她；他將該視頻匯編分享后，贏得了很多人的心。由此可知，該視頻匯編很感人。
18.D　根據上文中的posted和on the Internet，以及下文中的over 60，000 times可知，該視頻匯編已被觀看六萬多次。
19.B　根據下文中的he made a similar video for his eldest daughter可知，空前的they指代Scruggs的兩個女兒；結合下文中的see their whole career in one video可知，Scruggs認為女兒們在畢業時能看到她們的整個學習生涯是件很酷的事情。
20.B　根據上文中的to see their whole career可推知，Scruggs拍視頻和制作視頻匯編是想要留下點什么以作紀念。
21.C　根據上下文中Scruggs所說的Did you like kindergarten？和Do you want to ...？可知，Scruggs在視頻中問了Madison兩個問題。
22.D　根據下文中的“Every day，”she replies as she happily heads home.可推知，Scruggs在回家的路上問Madison是否想回幼兒園。stay in待在家里；stand by袖手旁觀；turn up露面。
23.A　根據下文中的what she did during lunchtime ...how she was excited about entering high school可知，Madison繼續分享她在學校里所做的事情，故填classroom。
24.C　根據空后的in her locker可知，Madison還分享了她在儲物柜里放了什么東西。
25.A　根據下文中的Love you too！可知，本空選擇loves，屬于原詞復現。
26.B　根據第一段中的from kindergarten （幼兒園） all the way up to her first day as a high school senior和第三段中的their whole career可知，Madison喜歡在視頻中看到自己的成長。
27.C　根據空后的to see my personality change可知，Madison表示看到自己的性格發生改變也是一件很酷的事情。此處與第三段首句相呼應。
28.D　根據下文中的how much time my dad puts into it， how much he loves us和for us可知，Madison感激父母對她和姐姐的愛與付出。
29.A　參見上題解析。
30.B　根據下文中的be her dad和Scruggs所做的事可知，Scruggs表示他很高興做Madison的父親。下文中的glad也是提示。
31.D　根據上文中video的內容可知，人們在該視頻中能看到Madison生活中的快樂。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。高年級學生Gershon Stein向高一新生介紹了如何快速適應高中生活。
32.offers　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處描述客觀事實，應用一般現在時；主語Freshman year與動詞offer之間是主動關系，故填offers。
33.yourself　考查代詞。根據語境可知，設空處表示讓“你自己”適應高中生活，故填yourself。
34.rapidly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語修飾動詞adjust，應用副詞，故填rapidly。
35.finding　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作介詞by的賓語，應用動詞-ing形式，故填finding。
36.who　考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，補充說明Gershon，且在從句中作主語，故填who。
37.to develop　考查非謂語動詞。it takes time to do sth做某事需要花費時間。
38.importance　考查詞形轉換。根據語境及空前的the可知，設空處作stresses的賓語，應用名詞，表示“重要性”，故填importance。
39.students　考查名詞復數。student是可數名詞，因空前無冠詞限定且此處表示泛指，設空處應為表示復數的名詞，故填students。
40.or　考查連詞。根據語境及whether可知，此處表示“學生們必須決定他們是選四門專業課還是五門專業課”，故填or。
41.on/upon　考查介詞。depend on/upon取決于。
6 / 7Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
句子成分和句子結構
閱讀下列句子并分析各句的句子成分和句子結構。
1.I agree.
2.These habits will be helpful.
3.By setting goals now， you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.
4.Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
5.Finally， setting goals makes you more confident.
【我的發現】
（1）句1中I 是　　　　；agree是　　　　。句子結構為　　　　　　　　。
（2）句2中These habits 是　　　　；helpful是　　　　。句子結構為　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
（3）句3中第一個you是　　　　；are deciding是　　　　　；what you want to achieve in the future是　　　　　　。By setting goals now用作狀語。句子結構為　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
（4）句4中Setting goals是　　　　；gives是　　　　；you是　　　　　　；a focus是　　　　　　。句子結構為　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
（5）句5中setting goals是　　　　；makes是　　　　；you是　　　　；more confident是　　　　　　。句子結構為　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
一、句子成分
句子是表達思想的基本單位，主要的句子成分有主語（S）、謂語（V）、賓語（O）、補語（C）、狀語（A）、表語（P）、定語（Attr.）等。表語和連系動詞一般一起劃分在謂語上。
1.主語（subject）
主語是一個句子所談論的主體、動作的發出者，一般位于句首。主語一般由名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等充當。
John is good at playing football.
約翰擅長踢足球。
He went out in a hurry.
他匆忙出去了。
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
在河里游泳是件快樂的事。
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
我們將什么時候進行英語測試還沒有決定。
2.謂語（verb）
謂語說明主語所做的動作或主語的特征和狀態。謂語通常由動詞或動詞短語充當，位于主語之后。謂語分為簡單謂語和復合謂語。實義動詞可以單獨作簡單謂語，情態動詞和助動詞需要和實義動詞一起構成復合謂語。
Each student in our class works very hard.（簡單謂語）
我們班的每個學生學習都很努力。
We take pride in the great achievements of our socialist construction.（簡單謂語）
我們為社會主義建設的偉大成就而自豪。
You could ask the teacher for help.（復合謂語）
你可以向老師尋求幫助。
They are watching TV now.（復合謂語）
他們現在正在看電視。
3.賓語（object）
（1）賓語是動作的施加對象或承受者，在及物動詞或“不及物動詞＋相應介詞”后。賓語常由名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式、動詞不定式或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當。賓語按詞性分為：動詞賓語和介詞賓語，分別構成動賓結構和介賓結構。
She has a very pleasant smile.
她笑得很燦爛。
We should learn from him.
我們應當向他學習。
Grandma likes singing.
奶奶喜歡唱歌。
I think （that） he is fit for his office.
我認為他適合做辦公室工作。
（2）有時動詞后面可以接兩個賓語（間接賓語＋直接賓語），通常把表示人的賓語稱為間接賓語（indirect object），把表示物的賓語稱為直接賓語（direct object）。
The old man gave the child some nice books.
老人給了這個孩子一些好書。
I will buy my mother a new coat.
我要給媽媽買一件新外套。
Lend me your dictionary， please.
請把你的詞典借給我。
4.補語（complement）
補語分為主語補語（subject complement）和賓語補語（object complement），用來補充說明主語或賓語的特征或情況。一般由形容詞、名詞、副詞、動詞不定式、分詞或介詞短語等充當。
He was elected monitor.
他被選為班長。
We found everything in the lab in good order.
我們發現實驗室的一切都井然有序。
He asked me to help him.
他請求我幫助他。
5.狀語（adverbial）
狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，修飾說明動作或狀態特征。一般由副詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、分詞、介詞短語、從句等充當。狀語種類有：時間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、地點狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語、目的狀語、結果狀語、讓步狀語、比較狀語。
The old man walks slowly.
這位老人緩慢地走著。
I’ll be back in a while.
我一會兒就回來。
He has lived in the city for ten years.
他已經在這個城市住了10年了。
Once you begin， you must continue.
一旦開始，你就必須繼續下去。
6.表語（predicative）
表語通常說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，在連系動詞（be、 become、 get、 look、 grow、 turn、 seem等）之后。表語由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式、介詞短語及表語從句構成。
My father is a professor.
我父親是一位教授。
His words sounded reasonable.
他的話聽起來是合理的。
She is in the room alone.
她獨自在房間里。
His job is to teach English.
他的工作是教英語。
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
事實是他從來都沒出過國。
7.定語（attributive）
定語修飾名詞或代詞。定語一般由形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞、從句等充當。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
桂林是一個美麗的城市。
The girl on the bike is my sister.
自行車上的女孩是我的妹妹。
【即時演練1】　寫出下列句中加黑部分在句中所作的成分
①The students got on the school bus. 　　　　　　　
②He handed me the newspaper. 　　　　　　　
③I shall answer your question after class. 　　　　　　　
④The little girl is having an apple which is big and red. 　　　　　　　
⑤They went hunting together early in the morning. 　　　　　　　
⑥His job is to train swimmers. 　　　　　　　
⑦He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 　　　　　　　
⑧He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 　　　　　　　
⑨There is going to be an American film tonight. 　　　　　　　
⑩Jenny’s job is teaching English in a local school. 　　　　　　　
二、句子結構
說明：主語“　　”；謂語“　　”；賓語“　　”； 表語“　　”； 補語“　　” ； 狀語“[　　]”；定語“（　　）”。
1.主謂：主語＋謂語（SV）
在此結構中，謂語為不及物動詞，不能接賓語，但能表達完整的意義。常見的不及物動詞（短語）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、 go、 happen、 appear、 work、 take place。
The door opened.門開了。
　主語　　謂語
Class begins.開始上課。
主語　謂語
The red sun is rising.紅日正在升起。
　 主語　 　謂語
2.主系表：主語＋連系動詞＋表語（SVP）
（1）此結構中謂語動詞必須加一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整意思。這類動詞叫作連系動詞。
（2）此類連系動詞大致分四類： ①“狀態”類：be、 keep、 remain、 stay；②“感官”類：look、 sound、 feel、 smell、 taste等；③“變成”類：get、 grow、 become、 turn、 go、 fall、 come等；④“結果”類：prove、 turn out等。
（3）表語由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式或從句充當。
His present life 　is　 　tough.
　 主語　 　連系動詞　表語
他目前的生活很艱難。
The flower smells sweet.
　 主語　連系動詞 表語
這朵花聞起來很香。
Your story sounds 　interesting.
　主語　　連系動詞　 表語
你的故事聽起來很有趣。
His face　turned 　red.他的臉變紅了。
　主語　連系動詞　表語
The baby　fell 　asleep [soon].
　主語 連系動詞 表語　狀語
這個嬰兒很快就睡著了。
My father’s hope　 is 　that I can go home
　　主語　　連系動詞　　　　表語
frequently.
我父親的希望是我能經常回家。
3.主謂賓：主語＋謂語＋賓語（SVO）
此結構中謂語為及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語動詞，它必須跟一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能表達一個完整的意思。用作賓語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式或從句等。
My father teaches English.
　主語　 謂語　 賓語
我的父親教英語。
My brother aimed to become a famous director.
　 主語　　謂語　　　　　賓語
我哥哥力爭成為一位著名導演。
We all know that the earth runs around the sun.
主語 謂語　　　　　　 賓語
我們都知道地球圍繞太陽轉。
4.主謂賓賓：主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語（SVOO）
（1）在此結構中，謂語動詞帶兩個賓語（雙賓語），前一個為間接賓語（通常指人），后一個為直接賓語（通常指物）。如果要把直接賓語提前，就需要加適當的介詞，即：“主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓”或“主＋謂＋直賓＋to/for＋間賓”結構。
（2）間接賓語之前用介詞to的動詞有give、 tell、 teach、 write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order。
（3）間接賓語之前用介詞for的動詞有buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、 sing等。
The wise manager　 offered　me　　a good job.
　　主語　　 　　謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語
＝The wise manager offered a good job to me.
這位明智的經理給我提供了一份好工作。
He　　gave　　 me　　　 an apple.
主語　謂語　 間接賓語　 直接賓語
＝He gave an apple to me.
他給了我一個蘋果。
He　　offered　　me　　　 his seat.
主語　 謂語　 間接賓語　 直接賓語
＝He offered his seat to me.
他把座位讓給了我。
Father bought　　me　　 a book.
主語　謂語　 間接賓語 直接賓語
＝Father bought a book for me.
父親給我買了一本書。
5.主謂賓補：主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補語（SVOC）
（1）此結構中的謂語是一個及物動詞，其后要用一個“賓語＋賓語補語”才能使意思完整。
（2）作賓語補語的可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞-ing 形式、動詞-ed形式、動詞不定式等。
（3）該句式常用于三類動詞：①使役動詞keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；②感官動詞see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 catch、 look at、 listen to、 hear、 feel、 smell等；③ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade ...sb to do sth。
名師點津
可用下面方法來判斷一個及物動詞所帶的是雙賓語還是復合賓語：如果賓語與其后的成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂或主表關系，則該動詞接的是復合賓語，否則就是雙賓語。
The teacher keeps all the windows open.
　 主語　　謂語　　　賓語　 　 賓補
老師讓所有的窗戶開著。
We are making our school more beautiful.
主語　謂語　　　賓語　　　　賓補
我們正使我們的學校變得更美麗。（＝Our school is more beautiful.）
The man had the light burning [all the night].
　主語　謂語　賓語　賓補　　　狀語
這個人讓燈亮了一夜。（＝The light was burning all the night.）
6.主謂狀：主語＋謂語＋狀語（SVA）
此結構中的謂語是不及物動詞，但其后必須接副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式等作狀語，否則結構不全，意義不完整。可以用作狀語的有副詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。
All the students are listening [carefully].
　　主語　　　　　謂語　　　狀語
所有的學生正在仔細地聽著。
Robot cooks will appear [in our families]
　 主語　　　謂語　　　地點狀語
[in the future].
　時間狀語
機器人廚師未來將出現在我們的家庭中。
[When her mother came in]， she was sleeping.
　　　　狀語　 　　　主語　　謂語
當她的媽媽進來時，她正在睡覺。
7.主謂賓狀：主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語（SVOA）
此結構是在句型主謂賓（SVO）的基礎上，加副詞、介詞短語、分詞、從句等作狀語。
Jane was doing her homework [at 8：00 last night].
主語　謂語　　 賓語　　　　　狀語
昨晚8點簡在做作業。
The man raised his arms [above his head].
　主語　 謂語　　賓語　　　 狀語
那個男人把他的手臂舉過頭頂。
8.存現句：引導詞there引導的句子
（1）“there be句型”表示“某處存在某物/某人”，因此被稱為存現句。其基本句型是“there＋be＋主語＋其他（狀語、定語等）”。
（2）there在該結構中是個引導詞，本身無詞義。動詞be是謂語動詞，有時態變化，也可與情態動詞連用。動詞be要和后面的就近的主語保持單復數方面的一致。
There is a small pool [at the foot of the mountain].
　　謂語　主語　　　　　　 狀語
山腳下有一個小池塘。
There aren’t any students [in the dormitory]　[now].
　　謂語　 主語　　地點狀語　 時間狀語
現在宿舍里沒有任何學生。
【即時演練2】　寫出下列句子所屬的句子結構
①The dinner smells good.　　　　　　　
②The terrible accident happened yesterday afternoon.　　　　　　　
③There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain. 　　　　　　　
④They painted the door green. 　　　　　　　
⑤The wise manager offered me a good job. 　　　　　　　
⑥Tom will bring several English books tomorrow.　　　　　　　
focus n.焦點，重點 vt.& vi.集中
【教材原句】　Setting goals gives you a focus in life.設定目標讓你有生活的重點。
【用法】
（1）the focus of　　　　……的焦點
come into focus 成為焦點
bring ...into focus 使……成為焦點
（2）focus on/upon 集中于……
focus one’s attention on/upon
集中注意力于……
（3）focused adj. 注意力集中的
【佳句】　It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.這是會議上關注的主要焦點。
【聯想】　表示“注意，集中精力于……”的短語還有concentrate one’s attention on、 fix one’s attention on、 pay attention to等。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It will help you become more patient and 　　　　　　（focus）.
②The news about the disease is always the focus 　　　　　　us.
③I can’t 　　　　　　　　　， a group of people dancing on the square downstairs.
一群人在樓下的廣場上跳舞， 我難以集中精力學習。
【寫美】　同義句轉換
④I suggest you should put your heart into what you are studying.
→I suggest you should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（focus）
detail n.細節；具體情況
【教材原句】　To realize your goals， you need to have a good plan， manage your time well and pay attention to details.為了實現你的目標，你需要有一個好的計劃，管理好你的時間，并注意細節。
【用法】
（1）in detail　　　　　　詳細地
go into details/the detail 詳細敘述；逐一說明
attention to detail 注意細節
further/full details 詳細情況
（2）detailed adj. 詳細的；細致的
a detailed study 一個詳細的研究
【佳句】　The designer didn’t want to go into details about the design related to the new building.
設計師不想透露與新建筑有關的設計細節。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①In order to make full use of time， I decide to make a 　　　　　　（detail） study plan for the exam.
②I would appreciate it if you could share your volunteer experience with me 　　　　detail.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Since an important volleyball match is around the corner， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the match.
因為一場重要的排球比賽即將舉行，我寫信告訴你關于這場比賽的一些細節。
as a result of 由于
【教材原句】　As a result of your action， your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.由于你的行動，你的夢想會實現，并有希望過上幸福的生活。
【用法】
（1）as a result 　　　　　結果
（2）result in 導致；造成
result from 由……引起
（3）as a result of的同義短語有because of、 thanks to、 due to、 owing to。
【佳句】　We missed the train as a result of misreading the time.
因為看錯了時間，我們錯過了火車。
【用準】　（1）as a result of意為“由于，因為”，是介詞短語，后接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。
（2）as a result意為“因此，結果”，常作狀語。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Many plants and animals have died as a result 　　　　　　the fire.　
②His failure resulted 　　　　　　his laziness.
③More and more pollution has resulted 　　　　　　many animals’ death.
【寫美】　一句多譯
④天氣糟糕，所以典禮被推遲了。
→The weather was bad.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（as a result）
→The ceremony was put off 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（as a result of）
base vt.以……為基礎（依據） n.根據；基礎；基底；總部，大本營
【教材原句】　Instead， you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
相反，你應該基于你的能力和技能設定目標。
【用法】
（1）base ...on/upon ...
　　　　　 　把……建立在……基礎之上
be based on 基于；以……為基礎
（2）basic adj. 基本的；基礎的
basic skills 基本技能
meet one’s basic needs
滿足某人的基本需求
（3）basically adv. 基本上
（4）basis n.　　　　　　基礎；根據；基點
on the basis of ... 在……的基礎上
on a regular basis 定期
【佳句】　As we all know， successful study is based on good ways and habits.
眾所周知，成功的學習基于好的方法和習慣。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I think we should base our choice 　　　　our own interest.
②He thinks to read the original work is better than to see the film 　　　　（base） on it.
③As we all know， the 　　　　　　（base） of a good marriage is trust.
④Knowing some 　　　　　　（base） knowledge of first aid can make a great difference sometimes.
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤His film is based on his own experience， so it is very moving and attractive.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， his film is very moving and attractive.（分詞短語作狀語）
remind vt.提醒，使想起
【教材原句】　This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
這會提醒你正在為了什么而努力，并使你精力集中。
【用法】
（1）remind sb of sth　　提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind （sb） that/how/what ...
提醒（某人）……
（2）reminder n. 引起回憶的事物；提醒人的事物
【佳句】　The trees we are going to plant will remind us of the time when we studied in school.
我們將要栽的樹會讓我們想起在學校一起學習的時光。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①This song reminded me 　　　　　　my childhood.
②They will teach many traffic regulations to remind us 　　　　　　（pay） attention to traffic safety.
【寫美】　完成句子
③He 　　　　　　　　　I should finish reading the book today.
他提醒我今天應該讀完這本書。
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
（1）主語　謂語　主語＋謂語　（2）主語　表語　主語＋連系動詞＋表語　（3）主語　謂語　賓語從句　主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語　（4）主語　謂語　間接賓語　直接賓語
主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語　（5）主語　謂語
賓語　賓語補語　主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補語
即時演練1
①主語；定語　②間接賓語；直接賓語　③謂語；狀語　④定語；定語　⑤狀語；狀語　⑥定語；表語　⑦連系動詞；表語　⑧賓語；狀語　⑨謂語；主語　⑩主語；表語
即時演練2
①主系表（SVP）　②主謂狀（SVA）　③存現句　④主謂賓補（SVOC）　⑤主謂賓賓（SVOO）　⑥主謂賓狀（SVOA）
【核心知識·巧突破】
1.①focused　②of　③focus on/upon my study　④focus your attention on/upon what you are studying
2.①detailed　②in　③am writing to tell you some details about
3.①of　②from　③in　④As a result， the ceremony was put off； as a result of the bad weather
4.①on/upon　②based　③basis　④basic　⑤Based on his own experience
5.①of　②to pay　③reminded me that
11 / 11(共121張PPT)
UNIT 1　Back to school
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
核心知識·巧突破
1
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
句子成分和句子結構
閱讀下列句子并分析各句的句子成分和句子結構。
1. I agree.
2. These habits will be helpful.
3. By setting goals now， you are deciding what you want to achieve in
the future.
4. Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
5. Finally， setting goals makes you more confident.
【我的發現】
（1）句1中I 是 ；agree是 。句子結構為
。
（2）句2中These habits 是 ；helpful是 。句子結構
為 。
（3）句3中第一個you是 ；are deciding是 ；what you
want to achieve in the future是 。By setting goals
now用作狀語。句子結構為 。
主語　
謂語　
主語＋謂
語　
主語　
表語　
主語＋連系動詞＋表語　
主語　
謂語　
賓語從句　
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語　
（4）句4中Setting goals是 ；gives是 ；you是
；a focus是 。句子結構為
。
（5）句5中setting goals是 ；makes是 ；you是
；more confident是 。句子結構為
。
主語　
謂語　
間接
賓語　
直接賓語　
主語＋謂語＋
間接賓語＋直接賓語　
主語　
謂語　
賓
語　
賓語補語　
主語＋謂
語＋賓語＋賓語補語　
一、句子成分
句子是表達思想的基本單位，主要的句子成分有主語（S）、謂語
（V）、賓語（O）、補語（C）、狀語（A）、表語（P）、定語
（Attr.）等。表語和連系動詞一般一起劃分在謂語上。
1. 主語（subject）
主語是一個句子所談論的主體、動作的發出者，一般位于句首。主
語一般由名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式、名詞化
的形容詞和主語從句等充當。
John is good at playing football.
約翰擅長踢足球。
He went out in a hurry.
他匆忙出去了。
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
在河里游泳是件快樂的事。
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
我們將什么時候進行英語測試還沒有決定。
2. 謂語（verb）
謂語說明主語所做的動作或主語的特征和狀態。謂語通常由動詞或
動詞短語充當，位于主語之后。謂語分為簡單謂語和復合謂語。實
義動詞可以單獨作簡單謂語，情態動詞和助動詞需要和實義動詞一
起構成復合謂語。
Each student in our class works very hard.（簡單謂語）
我們班的每個學生學習都很努力。
We take pride in the great achievements of our socialist construction.
（簡單謂語）
我們為社會主義建設的偉大成就而自豪。
You could ask the teacher for help.（復合謂語）
你可以向老師尋求幫助。
They are watching TV now.（復合謂語）
他們現在正在看電視。
3. 賓語（object）
（1）賓語是動作的施加對象或承受者，在及物動詞或“不及物動
詞＋相應介詞”后。賓語常由名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式、
動詞不定式或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當。賓語按詞性分
為：動詞賓語和介詞賓語，分別構成動賓結構和介賓結構。
She has a very pleasant smile.
她笑得很燦爛。
We should learn from him.
我們應當向他學習。
Grandma likes singing.
奶奶喜歡唱歌。
I think （that） he is fit for his office.
我認為他適合做辦公室工作。
（2）有時動詞后面可以接兩個賓語（間接賓語＋直接賓語），通
常把表示人的賓語稱為間接賓語（indirect object），把表示
物的賓語稱為直接賓語（direct object）。
The old man gave the child some nice books.
老人給了這個孩子一些好書。
I will buy my mother a new coat.
我要給媽媽買一件新外套。
Lend me your dictionary， please.
請把你的詞典借給我。
4. 補語（complement）
補語分為主語補語（subject complement）和賓語補語（object
complement），用來補充說明主語或賓語的特征或情況。一般由形
容詞、名詞、副詞、動詞不定式、分詞或介詞短語等充當。
He was elected monitor.
他被選為班長。
We found everything in the lab in good order.
我們發現實驗室的一切都井然有序。
He asked me to help him.
他請求我幫助他。
5. 狀語（adverbial）
狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，修飾說明動作或狀
態特征。一般由副詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、分詞、介詞短
語、從句等充當。狀語種類有：時間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀
語、地點狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語、目的狀語、結果狀語、
讓步狀語、比較狀語。
The old man walks slowly.
這位老人緩慢地走著。
I’ll be back in a while.
我一會兒就回來。
He has lived in the city for ten years.
他已經在這個城市住了10年了。
Once you begin， you must continue.
一旦開始，你就必須繼續下去。
6. 表語（predicative）
表語通常說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，在連系動詞（be、
become、 get、 look、 grow、 turn、 seem等）之后。表語由名
詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式、介
詞短語及表語從句構成。
My father is a professor.
我父親是一位教授。
His words sounded reasonable.
他的話聽起來是合理的。
She is in the room alone.
她獨自在房間里。
His job is to teach English.
他的工作是教英語。
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
事實是他從來都沒出過國。
7. 定語（attributive）
定語修飾名詞或代詞。定語一般由形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定
式、分詞、從句等充當。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
桂林是一個美麗的城市。
The girl on the bike is my sister.
自行車上的女孩是我的妹妹。
【即時演練1】 寫出下列句中加黑部分在句中所作的成分
①The students got on the school bus.
②He handed me the newspaper.
③I shall answer your question after class.
④The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.

⑤They went hunting together early in the morning.
⑥His job is to train swimmers.
⑦He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
⑧He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
⑨There is going to be an American film tonight.
⑩Jenny’s job is teaching English in a local school.
主語；定語　
間接賓語；直接賓語　
謂語；狀語　
定語；定語　
狀語；狀語　
定語；表語　
連系動詞；表語　
賓語；狀語　
謂語；主語　
主語；表語　
二、句子結構
說明：主語“ 　　”；謂語“ 　　”；賓語“ 　　”； 表語
“ 　　”； 補語“ 　　” ； 狀語“[　　]”；定語“（　　）”。
1. 主謂：主語＋謂語（SV）
在此結構中，謂語為不及物動詞，不能接賓語，但能表達完整的意
義。常見的不及物動詞（短語）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、
go、 happen、 appear、 work、 take place。
The door opened.門開了。
　主語　　謂語
Class begins.開始上課。
主語　謂語
The red sun is rising.紅日正在升起。
　 主語　 　謂語
2. 主系表：主語＋連系動詞＋表語（SVP）
（1）此結構中謂語動詞必須加一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構
成復合謂語，才能表達完整意思。這類動詞叫作連系動詞。
（2）此類連系動詞大致分四類： ①“狀態”類：be、 keep、
remain、 stay；②“感官”類：look、 sound、 feel、 smell、
taste等；③“變成”類：get、 grow、 become、 turn、 go、
fall、 come等；④“結果”類：prove、 turn out等。
（3）表語由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式或從句
充當。
His present life 　is　 　tough.他目前的生活很艱難。
　主語　 　連系動詞　表語
The flower smells sweet.這朵花聞起來很香。
主語 連系動詞 表語
Your story sounds interesting.
主語 連系動詞 表語
你的故事聽起來很有趣。
His face　turned 　red.他的臉變紅了。
主語 連系動詞 表語
The baby fell asleep [soon].
主語 連系動詞 表語 狀語
這個嬰兒很快就睡著了。
My father’s hope is that I can go home frequently.
主語 連系動詞 表語
我父親的希望是我能經常回家。
3. 主謂賓：主語＋謂語＋賓語（SVO）
此結構中謂語為及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語動詞，它必須跟一
個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能表達一個完整的意思。用作賓語的有
名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式或從句等。
My father teaches English.我的父親教英語。
　主語　 謂語　 賓語
My brother aimed to become a famous director.
　 主語　　謂語　　　　　賓語
我哥哥力爭成為一位著名導演。
We all know that the earth runs around the sun.
主語 謂語　　　　　　 賓語
我們都知道地球圍繞太陽轉。
4. 主謂賓賓：主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語（SVOO）
（1）在此結構中，謂語動詞帶兩個賓語（雙賓語），前一個為間接
賓語（通常指人），后一個為直接賓語（通常指物）。如果要
把直接賓語提前，就需要加適當的介詞，即：“主＋謂＋間賓
＋直賓”或“主＋謂＋直賓＋to/for＋間賓”結構。
（2）間接賓語之前用介詞to的動詞有give、 tell、 teach、 write、
bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order。
（3）間接賓語之前用介詞for的動詞有buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、
sing等。
The wise manager offered me a good job.
主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語
＝The wise manager offered a good job to me.
這位明智的經理給我提供了一份好工作。
He gave me an apple.
主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語
＝He gave an apple to me.
他給了我一個蘋果。
He offered me his seat.
主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語
＝He offered his seat to me.
他把座位讓給了我。
Father bought me a book.
主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語
＝Father bought a book for me.
父親給我買了一本書。
5. 主謂賓補：主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補語（SVOC）
（1）此結構中的謂語是一個及物動詞，其后要用一個“賓語＋賓語
補語”才能使意思完整。
（2）作賓語補語的可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞-ing 形
式、動詞-ed形式、動詞不定式等。
（3）該句式常用于三類動詞：①使役動詞keep、 make、 let、 have、
leave、 get等；②感官動詞see、 watch、 notice、 observe、
find、 catch、 look at、 listen to、 hear、 feel、 smell等；③
ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade ...sb to do sth。
名師點津
可用下面方法來判斷一個及物動詞所帶的是雙賓語還是復合賓語：如
果賓語與其后的成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂或主表關系，則該動詞
接的是復合賓語，否則就是雙賓語。
The teacher keeps all the windows open.
　 主語　　謂語　　　賓語　 　 賓補
老師讓所有的窗戶開著。
We are making our school more beautiful.
主語　謂語　　　賓語　　　　賓補
我們正使我們的學校變得更美麗。（＝Our school is more beautiful.）
The man had the light burning [all the night].
　主語　謂語　賓語　　賓補　　　狀語
這個人讓燈亮了一夜。（＝The light was burning all the night.）
6. 主謂狀：主語＋謂語＋狀語（SVA）
此結構中的謂語是不及物動詞，但其后必須接副詞、介詞短語、動詞
不定式等作狀語，否則結構不全，意義不完整。可以用作狀語的有副
詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。
All the students are listening [carefully].
　　主語　　　　　謂語　　　狀語
所有的學生正在仔細地聽著。
Robot cooks will appear [in our families] [in the future].
　主語　　　謂語　　　地點狀語　　 時間狀語
機器人廚師未來將出現在我們的家庭中。
[When her mother came in]， she was sleeping.
　　　　　狀語　　　　　 主語　　謂語　　
當她的媽媽進來時，她正在睡覺。
7. 主謂賓狀：主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語（SVOA）
此結構是在句型主謂賓（SVO）的基礎上，加副詞、介詞短語、分
詞、從句等作狀語。
Jane was doing her homework [at 8：00 last night].
主語　謂語　　　 賓語　　　　　　狀語
昨晚8點簡在做作業。
The man raised his arms [above his head].
　主語　 謂語　　賓語　　　 狀語
那個男人把他的手臂舉過頭頂。
8. 存現句：引導詞there引導的句子
（1）“there be句型”表示“某處存在某物/某人”，因此被稱為存
現句。其基本句型是“there＋be＋主語＋其他（狀語、定語
等）”。
（2）there在該結構中是個引導詞，本身無詞義。動詞be是謂語動
詞，有時態變化，也可與情態動詞連用。動詞be要和后面的
就近的主語保持單復數方面的一致。
There is a small pool [at the foot of the mountain].
　　謂語　主語　　　　　　 狀語
山腳下有一個小池塘。
There aren’t any students [in the dormitory] [now].
謂語 主語 地點狀語 時間狀語
現在宿舍里沒有任何學生。
【即時演練2】 寫出下列句子所屬的句子結構
①The dinner smells good.
②The terrible accident happened yesterday afternoon.

③There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain.
④They painted the door green.
⑤The wise manager offered me a good job.
⑥Tom will bring several English books tomorrow.

主系表（SVP）　
主謂狀（SVA）　
存現句　
主謂賓補（SVOC）　
主謂賓賓（SVOO）　
主謂賓狀（SVOA）　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
2
focus n.焦點，重點 vt.& vi.集中
【教材原句】　Setting goals gives you a focus in life.設定目標讓你有
生活的重點。
【用法】
（1）the focus of　　　　……的焦點
come into focus　　成為焦點
bring ...into focus　　使……成為焦點
（2）focus on/upon　　集中于……
focus one’s attention on/upon 　　集中注意力于……
（3）focused adj.　　注意力集中的
【佳句】　It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.這是會議上
關注的主要焦點。
【聯想】　表示“注意，集中精力于……”的短語還有concentrate
one’s attention on、 fix one’s attention on、 pay attention to等。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It will help you become more patient and （focus）.
②The news about the disease is always the focus us.
③I can’t ， a group of people dancing on
the square downstairs.
一群人在樓下的廣場上跳舞， 我難以集中精力學習。
focused　
of　
focus on/upon my study　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
④I suggest you should put your heart into what you are studying.
→I suggest you should
.（focus）
focus your attention on/upon what you are
studying　
detail n.細節；具體情況
【教材原句】　To realize your goals， you need to have a good plan，
manage your time well and pay attention to details.為了實現你的目標，
你需要有一個好的計劃，管理好你的時間，并注意細節。
【用法】
（1）in detail　　　　　　詳細地
go into details/the detail　　詳細敘述；逐一說明
attention to detail　　注意細節
further/full details　　詳細情況
（2）detailed adj.　　詳細的；細致的
a detailed study　　一個詳細的研究
【佳句】　The designer didn’t want to go into details about the design
related to the new building.
設計師不想透露與新建筑有關的設計細節。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①In order to make full use of time， I decide to make a
（detail） study plan for the exam.
②I would appreciate it if you could share your volunteer experience with
me detail.
detailed　
in　
【寫美】　完成句子
③Since an important volleyball match is around the corner， I
the match.
因為一場重要的排球比賽即將舉行，我寫信告訴你關于這場比賽的一
些細節。
am
writing to tell you some details about　
as a result of 由于
【教材原句】　As a result of your action， your dream will come true
and hopefully you will live a happy life.
由于你的行動，你的夢想會實現，并有希望過上幸福的生活。
（1）as a result 　　　　　結果
（2）result in 　　導致；造成
result from 　　由……引起
（3）as a result of的同義短語有because of、 thanks to、 due to、
owing to。
【用法】
【佳句】　We missed the train as a result of misreading the time.
因為看錯了時間，我們錯過了火車。
【用準】　（1）as a result of意為“由于，因為”，是介詞短語，后
接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。
（2）as a result意為“因此，結果”，常作狀語。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Many plants and animals have died as a result the fire.　
②His failure resulted his laziness.
③More and more pollution has resulted many animals’ death.
【寫美】　一句多譯
④天氣糟糕，所以典禮被推遲了。
→The weather was bad. .（as
a result）
→The ceremony was put off .（as a
result of）
of　
from　
in　
As a result， the ceremony was put off　
as a result of the bad weather　
base vt.以……為基礎（依據） n.根據；基礎；基底；總部，大本
營
【教材原句】　Instead， you should set goals based on your abilities
and skills.
相反，你應該基于你的能力和技能設定目標。
（1）base ...on/upon ... 　　把……建立在……基礎之上
be based on　　基于；以……為基礎
（2）basic adj.　　基本的；基礎的
basic skills　　基本技能
meet one’s basic needs 　滿足某人的基本需求
（3）basically adv.　　基本上
（4）basis n.　　基礎；根據；基點
on the basis of ...　　在……的基礎上
on a regular basis　　定期
【用法】
【佳句】　As we all know， successful study is based on good ways and
habits.
眾所周知，成功的學習基于好的方法和習慣。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I think we should base our choice our own interest.
②He thinks to read the original work is better than to see the
film （base） on it.
③As we all know， the （base） of a good marriage is trust.
④Knowing some （base） knowledge of first aid can make a
great difference sometimes.
on/upon　
based　
basis　
basic　
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤His film is based on his own experience， so it is very moving and
attractive.
→ ， his film is very moving and
attractive.（分詞短語作狀語）
Based on his own experience　
remind vt.提醒，使想起
【教材原句】　This will remind you of what you are working for and
keep you focused.
這會提醒你正在為了什么而努力，并使你精力集中。
【用法】
（1）remind sb of sth　　提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb to do sth　　提醒某人做某事
remind （sb） that/how/what ...　　提醒（某人）……
（2）reminder n.　　引起回憶的事物；提醒人的事物
【佳句】　The trees we are going to plant will remind us of the time
when we studied in school.
我們將要栽的樹會讓我們想起在學校一起學習的時光。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①This song reminded me my childhood.
②They will teach many traffic regulations to remind us
（pay） attention to traffic safety.
of　
to pay　
【寫美】　完成句子
③He I should finish reading the book today.
他提醒我今天應該讀完這本書。
reminded me that　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
寫出下列句中加黑部分在句中所作的成分。
1. Whenever you are ready will be fine.
2. He worked hard all day today.
3. He speaks the language badly but reads it well.
4. Does she really mean to leave home？
主語　
謂語　
狀語　
賓語　
5. They are looking for the person responsible for the
program.　
6. The new comer was popular with the teachers and
students.　
7. Our English teacher is kind and friendly.
8. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow.
9. There are many films that I’d like to see.
10. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and
helpful.　
定語　
主語　
表語　
間接賓語　
定語　
賓語補語　
維度二：語法與寫作
使用本單元所學的句子成分和句子結構翻譯下列句子。
1. 太陽從東方升起。（SVA）

2. 他的臉紅了。（SVP）

3. 他拒絕幫助他們。（SVO）

4. 奶奶昨晚給我講了一個有趣的故事。（SVOO）

The sun rises in the east.　
His face turned red.　
He refused to help them.　
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.　
5. 我們都認為他是誠實的。（SVOC）

6. 桌子上有一支鋼筆、兩本書和許多鉛筆。（存現句）

All of us considered him honest.　
There is a pen， two books and many pencils on the desk.　
維度三：語法與語篇
根據漢語提示，按要求完成下面的語段。
Dear Mr Smith，
I am writing to tell you an important change about my summer
vacation schedule.The reason why I have to change my summer schedule
is that 1.
（有一個項目） for a group of students to help some
poor students in a remote village.The project will last a
month.Unfortunately， I am one of them.I hope 2.
（這個變化不會使你失望）.Will this winter
vacation be appropriate for me to carry on my American culture tour？
3. （我很興奮）.When I imagine that 4.
（我能體驗一個不同的春節）
from my hometown！ Again， sorry for the schedule change and
inconvenience.5. （我盼望
您的回復） soon.
　Yours sincerely，
　Li Hua
there is a project　
the change won’t
make you disappointed　
I am very excited　
I can
experience a different Spring Festival　
I look/am looking forward to your reply　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　It is very challenging when it comes to trying to master the English
language.However， there are some things you can do to improve your
English learning.The following books are an excellent way for people
trying to learn English or get better at it.
Oxford Picture Dictionary
This is a great book for those who like to learn things visually.You
can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.There is also a
bilingual version for those who want to learn using their own native
language.
Word Power Made Easy
This useful dictionary provides one of the best ways to learn over 1，
000 of the words which are most commonly used in English.The book has
many interesting activities and games， and gives tips on avoiding spelling
errors.
NTC Vocabulary Builders
Students who are more advanced in the English language will greatly
like NTC Vocabulary Builders.If you want to build your English
vocabulary， then this book is a good choice.
English Vocabulary in Use Series
This is one of the best-selling books by Cambridge University
Press.The book is good for students of the English language of all levels
who want to have a wider vocabulary.You can choose to learn British
English or American English.
Improving your English is one of the best ways to make sure that you
will do great in life.It can open many doors for you.For those who are not
native English speakers， these books will come in handy.With hard
work， anyone can be a master of the English language.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要推薦了一些可以幫助人們
學習英語或者提高英語水平的書籍。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要推薦了一些可以幫助人們
學習英語或者提高英語水平的書籍。
1. Which book provides ways to stay away from mistakes in spelling？
A. Oxford Picture Dictionary.
B. Word Power Made Easy.
C. NTC Vocabulary Builders.
D. English Vocabulary in Use.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據Word Power Made Easy部分中的The
book has many interesting activities and games， and gives tips on
avoiding spelling errors.可知，Word Power Made Easy提供了避免拼
寫錯誤的方法。
2. What is special about Oxford Picture Dictionary？
A. It is designed for language beginners.
B. It offers advice on language learning.
C. It provides many pictures to help learn language.
D. It gives learners a lot of interesting daily tasks.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據Oxford Picture Dictionary部分中的
You can use the pictures to learn many new words each day.可知，
Oxford Picture Dictionary的獨特之處在于其提供了許多幫助學習語
言的圖片。
3. Who is the text written for？
A. Those who want to teach English.
B. Those who want to do great in life.
C. Those who want to take on new challenges.
D. Those who want to improve their vocabulary.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句和關于每本書的介紹
可知，本文主要介紹了可以幫助提高英語詞匯量的書籍。由此推
測，文章是寫給想要提高詞匯量的人看的。
B
　　Putting a note in a child’s lunch box secretly is nothing new， but
one dad has taken the practice to a new level.In 2017， Chris Yandle just
moved back to Mandeville， Louisiana， after losing his job.His family
had moved many times throughout his career， and his kids were anxious
about attending yet another school.
His daughter Addison was due to start fourth grade at her fourth
school in five years， and she was nervous.Chris noticed it.He decided to
write her a short note of encouragement to let her know that he was always
there for her.“Be nice to others，” he wrote.“Not everyone will look
like you.Learn to find the unique and special things in other people.”
The next day， the dad penned another note — and then
another.Eventually， it became a daily part of their routine， and he
realized the short messages were helping him as much as they helped his
daughter.
The notes worked！Addison settled into her new school.Now，
she’s excelling in middle school， and her mom， Ashleigh Yandle，
says she’s never seen Addison more confident and independent.Chris
uses his own life experiences to craft the notes.He hopes to guide his
daughter in her decision-making process and help her benefit from his own
mistakes and achievements.
Chris shares his encouraging notes on the Internet， where they’ve
become popular with other parents.He recently collected hundreds of his
wise thoughts in a book.“Each page not only is the message I wrote
her， but there’s a story behind each one，” he said.The biggest
takeaway Chris can share with other parents is this： Spend time with your
kids！It doesn’t matter what you do； just knowing you’re available
will help them open up and explore the world around them.Great advice
from a great dad！
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Chris一家經歷了多次搬家，他的女
兒Addison也因為又要適應新學校而變得焦慮，Chris為鼓勵女兒每天
都給她寫一張紙條，這給了Addison很大的信心。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Chris一家經歷了多次搬家，他的女
兒Addison也因為又要適應新學校而變得焦慮，Chris為鼓勵女兒每天
都給她寫一張紙條，這給了Addison很大的信心。
4. What made Chris’s children anxious？
A. Chris lost his job.
B. Chris wrote them many notes.
C. They had to adapt to another school.
D. They weren’t able to attend the best school.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句中的his kids were
anxious about attending yet another school可知，因為要去一所新的
學校，還要重新適應新的環境，Chris的孩子們很焦慮。
5. Why did Chris write the notes for his daughter Addison？
A. To get into a routine.
B. To encourage Addison.
C. To be like other people.
D. To help himself in daily life.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段中的He decided to write her a
short note of encouragement to let her know that he was always there
for her.可知，Chris給女兒Addison寫鼓勵的話，讓她知道自己永遠
都在。由此可知，Chris給女兒Addison寫紙條是為了鼓勵她。
6. How has Addison become under the influence of the notes according to
her mother？
A. More confident and helpful.
B. More independent and ambitious.
C. More popular and experienced.
D. More confident and independent.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第三段中的she’s never seen Addison
more confident and independent可知，在父親寫的紙條的影響下，
Addison變得更自信也更自立了。
7. What does Chris advise other parents to do？
A. Offer whatever their children want.
B. Take away what is unnecessary from their children.
C. Show their children they’re always there for them.
D. Put the same notes in their children’s lunch boxes.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的Spend time with your
kids！It doesn’t matter what you do； just knowing you’re available
will help them open up and explore the world around them.可知，
Chris認為，父母應該多陪伴孩子，父母做什么并不重要，而是讓
孩子知道父母隨時都在，這會幫助他們敞開心扉和探索周圍的世
界。由此可推知，Chris建議其他父母讓孩子們知道他們一直都在
他們身邊。
C
　　Going from middle school to high school can be difficult， as
students are faced with new academic and social challenges. Before the
first day of high school， there are things every soon-to-be high school
freshman and his family should know.
People that have a fixed mindset （思維傾向） believe that they are
born to be strong or weak. On the other hand， people that have a growth
mindset believe that their strength or weakness is because of their own
actions.I totally agree that students should have a growth mindset. I
don’t expect any student to move from just passing a subject to an A＋.
It’s going to take time and focused effort； just keep working on it.
Parents should prepare students to fight the battle “on the pillow”
and “in the kitchen”. When I say “pillow”， I mean sleep. Not
having enough sleep can have some surprising effects on students，
including improper behaviour， anxiety and poor grades. The second
weapon is eating healthy and balanced meals.Studies show that students
who eat nutritious meals and who exercise 60 minutes a day remain more
attentive （專心的） during the school day and experience improved
academic achievement and grades. This last “secret” weapon is not to
have over-scheduled time.
Make sure students know how to set realistic plans and how to say no to
tasks and activities that aren’t important to them.
A lot of students who know each other from primary and middle
school are in their “comfort zones”， feeling they have a sense of
control over and expectations of their relationships. Then comes the first
real day of high school， and that will all change. The reason why I
encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zones，
though often scary， is that comfort zones get boring and there are many
kinds of people to get to know. Let’s encourage them to get involved，
have fun and play.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。學生從初中升入高中時可能會面臨
新的學業和社交挑戰，作者就如何應對這些挑戰給出了自己的看
法。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。學生從初中升入高中時可能會面臨
新的學業和社交挑戰，作者就如何應對這些挑戰給出了自己的看
法。
8. Which of the following represents a fixed mindset？
A. I’m at the starting point of my potential.
B. My mother is not good at chemistry either.
C. I should start studying a little earlier next time.
D. It’s okay if I fail； at least I’ve learnt something.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段第一句可知，有固定思維傾向
的人認為他們的強或弱是與生俱來的，B項（我媽媽化學也不好）
的言外之意是：我的化學不好，其實是與生俱來的弱項，因為媽媽
的化學也不好。所以B項代表了一種固定的思維傾向。
9. What might the author encourage parents to do？
A. Prepare healthy meals for their kids.
B. Praise their kids when they do well in school.
C. Take their kids to visit their grandparents often.
D. Buy soft pillows for their kids to have a good rest.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句和The second weapon is
eating healthy and balanced meals.可以推知，作者可能會鼓勵家長
們為他們的孩子準備健康的食物。
10. What is the third weapon mainly about？
A. Enjoying good health.
B. Acquiring the ability to say no.
C. Balancing schoolwork and play.
D. Developing time management skills.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，第三個手段
主要是培養時間管理技能。
11. What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer
to？
A. The expectation of future.
B. The value of friendship.
C. The feeling of having control over relationships.
D. The sense of helplessness.
解析： 　代詞指代題。畫線詞前提到學生們在升入高中前感覺
自己對人際關系有控制感、有期待，從而推知畫線詞that應指代前
文提到的情況，即“感覺對人際關系有控制感”。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
How to Find Your Potential
　　Personal potential is all about hard work and strategy.Here are four
tips that will guide you on finding motivation and putting it to good use.
Know Your Inner Voice
　12　 Bear in mind that you’re not looking for your potential here
but only finding out what you truly want in life.Your potential is finally
what you work for.It’s best to work for things that you want so that you
enjoy the process.
Make Efforts
Once you’ve planned a suitable final goal， it’s time to make an
effort.Understanding your potential requires big efforts in the right
direction.It won’t just click one day randomly. 　13　
Set Milestones （里程碑）
One mistake that a lot of people make in hopes of understanding their
potential is aiming for the stars on the first go. 　14　 That’s not how
you get successful.It’s the baby steps that take you to your goal.
When you set milestones， try to break down the long-term process
into smaller parts. 　15　
Accept Failures
Bear in mind that you’re only getting started.Even if something is
your passion， you can’t possibly be perfect at it at once.Failures are
part of every success story.It’s all right to have some unexpected things
here and there.Don’t let them demotivate you. 　16　 It only means
you’re learning more， and that will finally help you grow beyond
limits.
A. You have to work to find answers.
B. The secret is to celebrate the little successes.
C. You can then work towards your other option.
D. Step by step， you open the way to your big goal.
E. The first step towards success is to listen to yourself.
F. Failing does not mean that you have to change your path.
G. They set their mind on the bigger picture and directly go for it.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四條關于如何發掘個人
潛力的建議。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四條關于如何發掘個人
潛力的建議。
12. E　根據Know Your Inner Voice和空后一句可知，想要弄明白自
己真正想要的東西，要先了解自己的內心。故E項（走向成功的第一
步是傾聽自己的內心）符合語境。E項中的listen to yourself呼應小標
題中的Your Inner Voice。
13. A　上文指出了解你的潛力需要你在正確的方向上付出巨大的努
力，而不是某一天突然就能領悟到。故A項（你必須努力去尋找答
案）承接上文，符合語境。A項中的find answers呼應上文中的
Understanding your potential。click意為“被突然明白，豁然開朗”。
14. G　上文指出有些人想一下子就了解自己的潛力，下文指出那不
是取得成功的方式，因此本空應該與那些人的做法相關。故G項（他
們把注意力放在更大的愿景上，然后直接就去做）符合語境。G項中
的They指代上文中的a lot of people，且set their mind on the bigger
picture呼應上文中的aiming for the stars。aim for the stars志存高遠，心
比天高；first go第一次嘗試。
15. D　根據Set Milestones以及上文中的It’s the baby steps that take
you to your goal.和try to break down the long-term process into smaller
parts可知，作者建議逐步地實現目標。故D項（逐步地，你將邁向自
己的大目標）指出制定階段性目標的結果，符合語境。
16. F　根據上文內容可知，失敗是成功的一部分，作者建議要接受失
敗；再根據空后一句可知，設空處應指出It指代什么，且與失敗產生
的影響有關。故F項（失敗并不意味著你必須改變你的道路）與下文
內容形成轉折關系，符合語境。下文中的It指代F項中的Failing，且F
項中的mean與下文中的means是原詞復現。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　A dad is winning hearts after he shared interviews with his daughter
from kindergarten （幼兒園） all the way up to her first day as a high
school senior.
Last week， Kevin Scruggs posted the 　17　 video compilation
（匯編） of his youngest， Madison， 18， on the Internet where it has
since been 　18　 over 60，000 times.
“I thought it would be cool when they 　19　 for them to see their
whole career in one video，” Scruggs said， adding that he made a
similar video for his eldest daughter， 20-year-old Mackenzie. “I wanted
to have something to 　20　.”
“Did you like kindergarten？”Scruggs can be heard 　21　
Madison in the video.“Do you want to 　22　？”
“Every day，”she replies as she happily heads home.
The video continues with Madison sharing 　23　 stories， what she
did during lunchtime， what she 　24　 in her locker and how she was
excited about entering high school.Scruggs ended up each year telling
Madison he 　25　 her to which she replies，“Love you too！”
Madison said that she enjoyed seeing herself 　26　 in the video.“It
was also 　27　 to see my personality change，” Madison said.“I’m
really 　28　 for how much time my dad puts into it， how much he loves
us and how much he and my mom 　29　 for us.”
“I’m 　30　 to be her dad and I’m glad people get to see the joy
that’s in her 　31　，” Scruggs said.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。一位父親多年來一直在女兒開學
第一天拍視頻采訪她。最近，他將視頻匯編發布在網上，贏得了眾
多網友的心。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。一位父親多年來一直在女兒開學
第一天拍視頻采訪她。最近，他將視頻匯編發布在網上，贏得了眾
多網友的心。
17. A. touching B. shocking
C. useful D. fearful
解析： 　根據第一段內容和語境可知，Kevin Scruggs就是上文
中提到的那位父親，他連續多年在女兒開學第一天拍視頻采訪
她；他將該視頻匯編分享后，贏得了很多人的心。由此可知，該
視頻匯編很感人。
18. A. reported B. changed
C. tested D. viewed
解析： 　根據上文中的posted和on the Internet，以及下文中的
over 60，000 times可知，該視頻匯編已被觀看六萬多次。
19. A. meet B. graduate
C. work D. marry
解析： 　根據下文中的he made a similar video for his eldest
daughter可知，空前的they指代Scruggs的兩個女兒；結合下文中的
see their whole career in one video可知，Scruggs認為女兒們在畢業
時能看到她們的整個學習生涯是件很酷的事情。
20. A. believe B. remember
C. discuss D. learn
解析： 　根據上文中的to see their whole career可推知，Scruggs
拍視頻和制作視頻匯編是想要留下點什么以作紀念。
21. A. advising B. coaching
C. asking D. calling
解析： 　根據上下文中Scruggs所說的Did you like kindergarten？
和Do you want to ...？可知，Scruggs在視頻中問了Madison兩個
問題。
22. A. stay in B. stand by
C. turn up D. go back
解析： 　根據下文中的“Every day，”she replies as she happily
heads home.可推知，Scruggs在回家的路上問Madison是否想回幼
兒園。stay in待在家里；stand by袖手旁觀；turn up露面。
23. A. classroom B. family
C. travel D. bedtime
解析： 　根據下文中的what she did during lunchtime ...how she
was excited about entering high school可知，Madison繼續分享她在
學校里所做的事情，故填classroom。
24. A. knew B. wore C. kept D. won
解析： 　根據空后的in her locker可知，Madison還分享了她在儲
物柜里放了什么東西。
25. A. loves B. misses
C. needs D. trusts
解析： 　根據下文中的Love you too！可知，本空選擇loves，屬
于原詞復現。
26. A. fit in B. grow up
C. run around D. show off
解析： 　根據第一段中的from kindergarten （幼兒園） all the
way up to her first day as a high school senior和第三段中的their
whole career可知，Madison喜歡在視頻中看到自己的成長。
27. A. crazy B. correct
C. cool D. challenging
解析： 根據空后的to see my personality change可知，Madison
表示看到自己的性格發生改變也是一件很酷的事情。此處與第三
段首句相呼應。
28. A. sorry B. ready
C. famous D. thankful
解析： 　根據下文中的how much time my dad puts into it， how
much he loves us和for us可知，Madison感激父母對她和姐姐的愛
與付出。
29. A. do B. pay C. mean D. want
解析： 　參見上題解析。
30. A. afraid B. glad C. unable D. safe
解析： 　根據下文中的be her dad和Scruggs所做的事可知，
Scruggs表示他很高興做Madison的父親。下文中的glad也是提示。
31. A. relationship B. business
C. music D. life
解析： 　根據上文中video的內容可知，人們在該視頻中能看到
Madison生活中的快樂。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Freshman year 　32　 （offer） new opportunities， classes and
social situations， which is often a big adjustment coming from middle
school.
“It is an adjustment year， and you need to let 　33　 （you）
adjust to high school，” senior Gershon Stein said.
One of the best ways to 　34　 （rapid） adjust to this new
environment， according to Gershon， is by 　35　 （find） a close
group of friends through clubs and after-class activities.Gershon， 　36　
was new in his freshman year， joined the Ethics Bowl club to meet
people.
“You’re going through a very difficult curriculum （課程） and
you don’t really have a lot of close friends to talk to because it takes
time 　37　 （develop） friendships，” Gershon said.“Remember that
you will make friends and you will have close relationships.It just might
take a little bit of time.”
While clubs and after-class activities are a great way to meet new
people， Gershon stresses the 　38　 （important） of spending time
with family and friends and not overscheduling （過度安排） your life.
During freshman year， 　39　 （student） must also decide
whether they prefer to take four 　40　 five majors.
“I think kids have to do what is right for them，”Gershon said.“I
think five majors are pretty manageable if you’re willing to put in a lot of
work and long hours.I think it also depends 　41　 what you want your
work-life balance to look like.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。高年級學生Gershon Stein向高一新生
介紹了如何快速適應高中生活。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。高年級學生Gershon Stein向高一新生
介紹了如何快速適應高中生活。
32. offers　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處描述客觀事實，應用
一般現在時；主語Freshman year與動詞offer之間是主動關系，故填
offers。
33. yourself　考查代詞。根據語境可知，設空處表示讓“你自己”適
應高中生活，故填yourself。
34. rapidly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語修飾動詞adjust，應用副
詞，故填rapidly。
35. finding　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作介詞by的賓語，應用動詞-ing
形式，故填finding。
36. who　考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，補充說明
Gershon，且在從句中作主語，故填who。
37. to develop　考查非謂語動詞。it takes time to do sth做某事需要花
費時間。
38. importance　考查詞形轉換。根據語境及空前的the可知，設空處
作stresses的賓語，應用名詞，表示“重要性”，故填importance。
39. students　考查名詞復數。student是可數名詞，因空前無冠詞限定
且此處表示泛指，設空處應為表示復數的名詞，故填students。
40. or　考查連詞。根據語境及whether可知，此處表示“學生們必須
決定他們是選四門專業課還是五門專業課”，故填or。
41. on/upon　考查介詞。depend on/upon取決于。
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