資源簡介

(共39張PPT)
被動語態
Passive Voice
目錄
CONTENTS
定義與結構
什么時候要使用被動語態？
如何將主動句改為被動句？
不同時態的被動語態及舉例
被動語態的疑問句與答句
主動表被動、特殊結構
短語動詞變被動、常用句型
英語中時態很多，但語態不多，只有兩種，即:________和________。
主動語態
被動語態
Active Voice
主動語態：
主語是動作的發出者——“把”字句。
The Emperor slapped Huanhuan. 皇上把嬛嬛打了！
Passive Voice
被動語態：
主語是動作的承受者—“被”字句。
Huanhuan was slapped by the Emperor! 嬛嬛被皇上打了！
定義：
嬛嬛被翠果打了！
嬛嬛被皇上推了！
嬛嬛被皇上打了！
Huanhuan was slapped by Cuiguo!
Huanhuan was slapped by the Emperor!
Huanhuan was pushed by the Emperor!
主語
（接受動作者）
be動詞+過去分詞
（by+執行動作者）
被動語態由“___________________”構成。無論是什么時態的被動語態，這兩個元素都缺一不可。助動詞be有人稱、時態和數的變化。
be動詞+及物動詞的過去分詞
被動語態的構成：
什么時候要使用被動語態？
1、不知道誰是動作的執行者或沒有必要。例如:
My wallet was stolen.
(我的錢包被偷了。)
The meeting is cancelled.
(這場會議被取消了。)
2、需要強調動作的對象時。例如:
Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.
(計算器不能用于數學考試。)
Jack has been fired.
(杰克已經被解雇了。)
3、希望讓語氣較為客氣時，被動語態的口氣會比主動語態委婉，例如:
主動語態：We rejected your request.
被動語態：Your request has been rejected.
如何將主動句改為被動句？
例
主動句：The Emperor pushed Huanhuan.
被動句：Huanhuan was pushed by the Emperor!
步驟：
1
2
3
將主動句中的賓語改為主語
動詞改為被動語態
將主動句中的主語，放在介詞by之后，并接在被動語態后
主語
謂語
賓語
不同時態的被動語態
時態 主動語態 被動語態
1.一般現在時
2.一般過去時
3.一般將來時
4.現在進行時
5.過去進行時
6.現在完成時
7.過去完成時
8.過去將來時
9.情態動詞
do/does
am/is/are+done
did
was/were+done
will do
will be done
am/ is/ are doing
am/is/are being done
was/ were doing
was/were being done
have/ has done
have/has been done
had done
had been done
would do
would be done
情態動詞 +do
情態動詞+be done
各種時態的被動語態舉例
1、一般現在時的被動語態：am/is/are+ 動詞的過去分詞
We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
2、一般過去式的被動語態: was/were+ 動詞的過去分詞
Tom bought a new bike yesterday.
A new bike was bought by Tom yesterday.
各種時態的被動語態舉例
3. 一般將來時的被動語態:
(1) will/shall+ be+ 動詞的過去分詞
(2) am/is/are+ going to be+ 動詞的過去分詞
They will build a new hospital next year.
A new hospital will be built by them next year.
例句：Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
各種時態的被動語態舉例
4、現在進行時的被動語態: am/is/are + being+ 動詞的過去分詞
The workers are painting the house.
The house is being painted by the workers.
5、過去進行時的被動語態: was/were +being+ 動詞的過去分詞
She was making a cake at 8:00 last night.
A cake was being made by her at 8:00 last night.
各種時態的被動語態舉例
6、現在完成時的被動語態：have/has+ been+ 動詞的過去分詞
He has finished his homework.
His homework has been finished by him.
7、過去完成時的被動語態：had+ been+ 動詞的過去分詞
They had built two bridges before 2010.
Two bridges had been built by them before 2010.
各種時態的被動語態舉例
8、過去將來時的被動語態:
(1) would/should+ be+ 動詞的過去分詞
(2) was/were t going to be+ 動詞的過去分詞
He said he would give me a book.
He said a book would be given to me by him.
例句：He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
9、含情態動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be+ done
例：
I must be paid for this.
Housework should be done everyday.
We can use the computer.
The computer can be used by us.
各種時態的被動語態舉例
用下列動詞的正確形式填空
The letters _____________ (send) by the postman already.
A concert __________ (hold) in this theater last week.
The classroom __________ (sweep) by the students every morning.
The cake _____________ (make) now.
Students should _______________ (encourage) to read more books.
This bridge _________ (build) in 2005.
The new play ______________ (put on) next month.
Young people ________ often _________ (advise) to plan for their future.
have been sent
was held
is swept
is being made
be encouraged
was built
will be put on
are
advised
被動語態的疑問句與答句
①被動語態的句型中含有be動詞，因此只要把be動詞移到句首，就是疑問句了！
例
The boys were punished by their father.
疑問句
Were the boys punished by their father
be動詞移到句首
被動語態的疑問句與答句
答句
肯定詳答
肯定簡答
否定詳答
否定簡答
Yes, they were punished by their father.
Yes, they were.對，他們被罰了。
No, they weren’t punished by their father.
No, they weren’t.不，他們沒有。
被動語態的疑問句與答句
②有助動詞的被動語態，則是將be動詞留在原處，并把助動詞移到句首作為疑問句。
例
The old bikes have been repaired by us.
疑問句
Have the old bikes been repaired by you
助動詞移到句首
be動詞留在原處
被動語態的疑問句與答句
答句
肯定詳答
肯定簡答
否定詳答
否定簡答
Yes, it has been vacuumed.
Yes, it has.對，吸過了。
No, it hasn’t been vacuumed yet.
No, it hasn’t.不，還沒。
疑問句變被動
Who broke the cup
Who _______________________
What can we do to improve our English
What ________________________________
打草稿：the cup was broken by whom
was
the cup broken by
變成陳述句：we can do what to improve our English
打草稿：what
can be done
to improve our English
can be done to improve our English
主動表被動
1. feel，look，sound，smell，taste，remain, keep, seem, appear,prove等系動詞沒有被動語態，主動形式表達被動含義。
2.不及物動詞沒有被動語態，主動形式表達被動含義。
3. 在短語want/need/require doing sth.中賓語可
用v.-ing主動形式表達被動含義。
4. be worth doing 值得..., 用主動表示被動。
主動表被動
這些菜嘗起來很美味。
這個主意聽起來很有趣。
1. feel，look，sound，smell，taste，remain, keep, seem, appear,prove等系動詞沒有被動語態，主動形式表達被動含義。
The dishes taste so delicious.
The idea sounds interesting.
The knife cuts well.
主動表被動
英語中有很多動詞，如read, write, wash, sell,wear, clean, dry, open, close, lock, cut, drive, cook,messure, weigh 等動詞來描述主語特性,與well,easily, perfectly 等副詞連用時，常用它的主動形式表達被動含義，主語通常是物。
2.不及物動詞沒有被動語態，主動形式表達被動含義。
這把刀切東西很鋒利。
這首詩讀起來朗朗上口。
這種大米容易煮熟。
The poem reads well.
The knife cuts well.
This kind of rice cooks easily.
Tips：
主動語態表被動，強調的是主語的特征。
而被動語態則強調外界作用造成的影響。
比較:
This car won't start.
（這輛車發動不起來。說明汽車自身存在故障 ）
This old television was dropped and broken by the mover.
（這臺舊電視機被搬運工摔碎了。指出是搬運工的行為致使電視機損壞）
This pen writes very fast.
（這支筆書寫很流暢，強調筆本身的特性）
This pen was written with yesterday.
（這支筆昨天被用來寫字了，強調筆被使用這個動作是外界施加的）
Tips：
3. 在短語want/need/require doing sth.中賓語可
用v.-ing主動形式表達被動含義。
want/need/require doing sth.= want/require/need to be done...需要被做
①The garden wants weeding. (to be weeded)
花園需要除草了。
②The broken bike in the corner needs repairing. (to be repaired)
角落里那輛壞了的自行車需要修理。
③This room requires painting. (to be painted)
這個房間需要粉刷了。
主動表被動
這部電影值得看兩遍。
這個地方值得去參觀。
4. be worth doing 值得..., 用主動表示被動。
The movie is wotrh seeing twice.
The place is worth visiting.
被動語態的特殊結構
make sb. do sth.= sb. be made to do sth.
see sb. do sth. = sb. be seen to do sth.
主動語態：The loud noise made the baby cry.
（巨大的噪音讓嬰兒哭了起來。）
被動語態：The baby was made to cry by the loud noise.
主動語態：I saw a little girl pick flowers in the garden.
（我看見一個小女孩在花園里摘花。）
被動語態：A little girl was seen to pick flowers in the garden by me.
1. 在使役動詞have,make,let以及感官動詞see,watch,hear,feel notice等后面不定式做賓語補足語時，主動語態中的不定時to要省略，但變為被動語態時要還原to。
主動原形，被動to
Practice
主動原形，被動to
1) I often hear him play the piano the next room.
He is often _____ ____ ____ the piano in the next room.
2) The teacher made me hand in the work after class.
I was _____ _____ _____ in the work after class.
3) Mother made me wash my clothes yesterday.
I ____ ____ ___ ____ my clothes yesterday.
heard to play
made to hand
was made
to wash
2. 雙賓語的被動語態：當賓語是雙賓語的時候, 變被動語態可以有兩種,如果直接賓語提前, 則間接賓語前要補充介詞 “to” “for”。（一般來說，物是直接賓語，人是間接賓語。）
主動語態：他們授給他(賓語)一枚獎章(賓語).
They gave him a medal for his wonderful work
被動語態：他(賓語)被授予一枚獎章.
He was given a medal for his wonderful work.
被動語態：一枚獎章(賓語)被授給了他.
A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.
間（人）在前，正常變
直（物）在前，to/ for填
被動語態的特殊結構
Practice
1) I bought my mother flowers last week.
→My mother _______ ________ flowers by me last week.
→Flowers ______ _____ _____ my mother by me last week.
2) Parents often give me lucky money during festivals.
→ I____ often______lucky money during festivals.
→Lucky money ____often _____ ___ me during festivals .
was bought
were bought for
am given
is given
to
①像 “buy”（買）這類動詞，在主動句中常見結構是 “buy sb. sth.” 或 “buy sth. for sb.” 。變為被動語態時，當直接賓語（物）作主語，間接賓語（人）前用 for。
②“give”（給）這類動詞，主動句結構 “give sb. sth.” 或 “give sth. to sb.” 。變被動語態，直接賓語（物）作主語時，間接賓語（人）前用 to 。
短語動詞變被動
當原來的謂語動詞是不及物動詞+介詞構成的謂語時, 變被動語態的時候, 介詞不能省.
短語動詞寫完整
1) Mr Smith looks after the flowers very well.
The flowers ____ ______ ______ very well.
2) We must speak to the old politely.
The old must _____ _____ ____ politely.
3) She took good care of the baby.
The baby was ____ _____ ____ ____ .
are looked after
be spoken to
taken good care of
據說…
英語中常用到的被動語態的句型
It’s said that+ 句子.
= People say that+ 句子.
1) 據說我們學校今年成績不錯。
____ ____ that our school has got good results this year.
2) 據報道說… ______ ______ that….
3) 眾所周之… ______ ______ that…
4) 人們相信… ______ ______ that…
5) 人們認為... _____ ________ that...
It's said
It's reported
It's known
It's believed
It's thought
被動語態
練習
一．被動語態填空
1．The library _______(build) ten years ago and has served the students ever since.
2．The results of the experiment_______________(announce) tomorrow.
3．This kind of cloth_______(wash)well. lt's very popular among customers.
4．The injured man__________(carry)to the hospital immediately after the accident.
5．The old city walls___ _______(protect) carefully as they are part of our history.
6．The important meeting________________ (hold) in the hall when l got there.
7．The novel l borrowed from the library___________ (return) by the end of this week.
8．The window ____________(break) by a ball just now. The naughty boy ran away.
9．English___________(speak)in many countries as an official language
10．The project ______________(finish) within two months according to the plan.
was built
will be announced
washes
was carried
are protected
was being held
will/must be returned
was broken
is spoken
will be finished
11．The new product______________(advertise)on TV every day.lt's becoming well-known.
12．The house_______________(paint) when we visited it. So we couldn't go inside.
13．The letter_________________(send) already. You should have received it.
14．The song_________________(compose)by a famous musician. lt has a beautiful tune.
15．The computer_______________(use)by my sister to do her homework every night.
16．The story___________(tell) to the children over and over again. They love it.
17．The party______________(organize) by the students last week.
18．The cake________________ (bake) in the oven for half an hour. lt smells good.
19．The exercise books__________(collect)by the teacher after class.
20．The speech______________(give) by the president yesterday.
is advertised
was being painted
has been sent
was composed
is uesd
has been told
was organized
has been baked
will be collected
was given
21．The dog________(feed)twice a day. lt's always energetic.
22．The plan________________(discuss) thoroughly at the meeting. Many good ideas came up.
23．The problem______________(solve) step by step. We are making progress.
24．The documents_________________(print) as we speak. Please wait a moment.
25．The play______________(put on) in the theater next month.
26．The message_______________(receive)a few minutes ago.
27．The building___________(design)by a famous architect. lt looks very unique.
28．The invitations______________(send out) last week. Many people have replied.
29．The report________________(write) carefully. lt needs to be accurate.
30．The package________________(deliver)tomorrow afternoon.Make sure someone is at home.
is fed
was discussed
is being solved
are being painted
will be put on
was received
was designed
were sent out
must/should be written
will be delivered
31．The bike____________(steal) last night.l have to buy a new one.
32．The fence_________________(mend) right now. lt will be stronger.
33．The radio_________________(turn off) when l left the room.
34．The table__________(set) for dinner. The plates and cutlery look nice.
35．The fire__________(put out) quickly by the firefighters. They are very brave.
36．The movie__________ (show) in the cinema last week. lt was very popular.
37．The clothes____________(wash) by my mother. She is always busy with housework.
38．The car______________(repair) at the moment. l hope it can be fixed soon.
39．The book________________(publish) next year. The author is very excited.
40．The test_____________(conduct)in a quiet environment. it ensures fairness.
was stolen
is being mended
was turned off
is set
is /was put out
was showed
are washed
is being repaired
will be published
is conducted
2、把下列句子改為被動語態
1. Parents should allow the students to choose their clothes.
__________________________________________________________
2.A ten-year-old pupil invented this robot.
__________________________________________________________
3.Where did they grow vegetables
__________________________________________________________
4.I bought the bike last year.
__________________________________________________________
5.They gave the children many good books.
__________________________________________________________
The students should be allowed to choose their clothes (by parents).
This robot was invited by a ten-year-old pupil.
Where were vegetables grown (by them)
The bike was bought (by me )last year.
The children were given many books（by them)./ Many books were given to the children (by them).
三．同義句轉換
1. My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
__________________________to her dinner party.
2.We always keep the classroom clean
The classroom _____________always ____________clean.
3.My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
_____________________a present by my uncle on my birthday
4. She turned down his request.
His request_______________________________________.
5.We saw them play football just now.
________________________to play football just now
6. What does your mother often tell you to do
What ______you often __________to do by your mother
I was invited by my aunt
is
kept
I was given
was turned down by her
They were seen
are
told
四．翻譯句子（被動語態翻譯）。
1.青少年應該多與他們的父母溝通交流并被允許自己做決定。
______________________________________________________________________
2.袁隆平被譽為“雜交水稻(hybrid rice)之父”。
______________________________________________________________________
3.許多房子在地震中被毀壞了。
______________________________________________________________________
4.今年年初，我們學校成立了一個新的社團。
______________________________________________________________________5.爸爸煮的面條被我吃光了。
______________________________________________________________________
Teenagers should communicate more with their parents and be allowed to make their own decisions.
Yuan Longping is named/honoured/known as the “father of hybrid rice”.
Many houses were damaged in the earthquake.
A new club was set up in our school at the beginning of this year.
The noodles cooked by my father were eaten up by me.

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