資源簡(jiǎn)介 (共230張PPT)Unit 7 Finding a Job拓展模塊 本單元語(yǔ)法是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在職教高考考綱中要求學(xué)生能初步運(yùn)用,同時(shí)注意區(qū)分動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)詞-ing的用法區(qū)別,現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)詞-ing的用法區(qū)別,這也是學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。與此同時(shí)要夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),讀懂與求職應(yīng)聘相關(guān)的閱讀材料,鞏固與職業(yè)發(fā)展和求職應(yīng)聘相關(guān)單詞、短語(yǔ),幫助學(xué)生建立對(duì)求職應(yīng)聘的全面認(rèn)識(shí),關(guān)注責(zé)任意識(shí)等綜合素質(zhì)。提煉求職信的撰寫思路和語(yǔ)篇框架,為提高閱讀能力與提取關(guān)鍵信息的能力打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。[速記后做詞匯默寫本及時(shí)鞏固]Ⅰ.記重點(diǎn)單詞1.export n.& v.出口 2.ideal adj.理想的;最合適的3.translator n.譯員,翻譯 4.quit v.辭職;停止5.offer n.(工作等的)邀約;主動(dòng)提議 6.interview n.& v.采訪;面試7.résumé n.簡(jiǎn)歷 8.hire v.聘用9.qualification n.資歷;條件 10.salary n.薪金;薪水11.fluently adv.(語(yǔ)言)流利地 12.match v.匹配;相稱13.applicant n.申請(qǐng)人 14.fulfill v.實(shí)現(xiàn);符合15.financial adj.金融的 16.post n.職位17.follow-up n.后續(xù) 18.cooperative adj.合作的;協(xié)作的19.unfortunately adv.不幸地 20.delay v.使耽擱;推遲21.concise adj.簡(jiǎn)明的 22.hard-working adj.勤奮的;努力的23.secretary n.秘書;助理 24.opportunity n.機(jī)會(huì);機(jī)遇25.application n.申請(qǐng);應(yīng)用 26.eager adj.熱切的;渴望的;熱心的27.major n.專業(yè) & v.主修 municate v.交流29.pressure n.壓力 30.open-minded adj.思想開(kāi)明的31.career n.職業(yè);生涯 32.receptionist n.接待員33.advertisement n.廣告34.impression n.印象;感覺(jué)35.extra adj.額外的;外加的36.describe v.描述;描寫37.specific adj.具體的 & n.特質(zhì)38.promotion n.提升;晉升;促銷39.mind v.介意Ⅱ.記重點(diǎn)詞組1.get along with 與……相處融洽 2.apply for 申請(qǐng)3.narrow…down (to)把……范圍縮小(到……)4.rely on 信賴;依靠5.job hunting找工作 6.graduate from畢業(yè)于7.work experience工作經(jīng)驗(yàn) 8.work as…擔(dān)任;從事……職業(yè)9.professional skills專業(yè)技能 10.be satisfied with…對(duì)……感到滿意11.the HR manager人力資源經(jīng)理12.ask for要求;請(qǐng)求13.promotion notice升職通知municate with…與……交流15.traffic jam交通堵塞 16.go well進(jìn)展順利17.call back回電話 18.have to不得不19.happen to碰巧 20.break down崩潰;損壞21.get to到達(dá) 22.look for尋找23.be going to將要 24.travel agency旅行社25.look forward to期望;盼望 26.make sure確定;確信27.so that…為了;以便 28.take place發(fā)生29.cut in插話;超車 30.turn out證明是;結(jié)果是Ⅲ.記重點(diǎn)句子1.I graduated from Star Vocational School,where I majored in International Trade.我畢業(yè)于明星職業(yè)學(xué)校,主修國(guó)際貿(mào)易。2.I’m hard-working and get along with people very well.我工作努力,與人相處融洽。3.I’m planning to leave because I want to find a job that can better match my professional skills.我打算離開(kāi),因?yàn)槲蚁胝乙环莞m合我專業(yè)技能的工作。4.Alice has worked at ABC Company for one year,but she is not satisfied with her present job and wants to change it.愛(ài)麗絲已經(jīng)在ABC公司工作一年了,但是她對(duì)現(xiàn)在的工作不滿意,想要換一份工作。5.It is our great pleasure to inform you that you will work as the director of the marketing department from next month.我們很高興地通知你,從下個(gè)月起你將擔(dān)任市場(chǎng)部主任。6.I went to the interview and everything went well because I prepared very well and had related work experience.我去面試,一切都很順利,因?yàn)槲覝?zhǔn)備得很好,有相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。7.They called me back for a follow-up and told me they had narrowed the applicants down to a small group of people and I was one of them.他們打電話給我做進(jìn)一步調(diào)查,告訴我他們已經(jīng)把申請(qǐng)人的范圍縮小到了一小群人,我就是其中之一。10.Unfortunately,I was caught in a terrible traffic jam,and I had to change to the subway which happened to break down for 20 minutes.不幸的是,我遇到了嚴(yán)重的交通堵塞,不得不換乘地鐵,這條地鐵剛好壞了20分鐘。11.I did not call the company when I got delayed on my way,because I was afraid that they would cancel my interview.我在路上耽擱了,沒(méi)有給公司打電話,因?yàn)槲遗滤麄儠?huì)取消我的面試。12.But we are looking for someone we can rely on.但我們?cè)趯ふ乙粋€(gè)可靠的人。13.Earlier this year,I completed a three-month internship at the Four Seasons Hotel and my performance was rated highly by the HR manager.今年早些時(shí)候,我在四季酒店完成了為期三個(gè)月的實(shí)習(xí),我的表現(xiàn)得到了人力資源經(jīng)理的高度評(píng)價(jià)。14.Make an extra copy for yourself so that you can use it during the interview and point to specific information that makes you perfect for the job.為自己多復(fù)印一份,以便在面試時(shí)使用,并指出你最適合這份工作的具體信息。15.Don’t talk too much.別說(shuō)太多。1.quit v.辭職;停止【教材原文】My family was satisfied with my job,but I quit two weeks ago because I needed a job that could give me more opportunities to develop myself.我的家人對(duì)我的工作很滿意,但我兩周前辭職了,因?yàn)槲倚枰环菽芙o我更多機(jī)會(huì)的工作。重點(diǎn)單詞【知識(shí)拓展】(1)quit v.離開(kāi)(工作職位、學(xué)校等);離任;離校,可用作不及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞,用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。He has decided to quit as manager of the team.他已決定辭掉球隊(duì)經(jīng)理的職務(wù)。(2)quit v.停止;戒掉=quit doing sth.=give up doing sth.(放棄/停止做某事) My father has quit smoking.我爸爸戒了煙。典例剖析1( )Without determination,my uncle hasn’t been able to ________smoking. A.quit B.mindC.suffer D.attack 【答案】 A 【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析。 【解析】 句意:沒(méi)有決心,我叔叔就不能戒煙。quit“離職,放棄”,mind“介意”,suffer “遭受”,attack“攻擊”,由句意可知選A。變式訓(xùn)練1( )(改編)Peter has ________his previous job as a salesman and now is looking for another one. A.hire B.applyC.quite D.quitD【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析。【解析】 句意:彼得已經(jīng)辭去了他以前的銷售工作,現(xiàn)在正在尋找另一份工作。hire“雇傭”,apply“申請(qǐng)”,quite是副詞“相當(dāng)?shù)亍?,quit“離職,放棄”,由句意可知選D。語(yǔ)境填詞1It’s not easy to quit__________.戒煙不容易。 smoking2.offer n.& v.(工作等的)邀約;主動(dòng)提議【教材原文】Two days later,I received a letter offering me the job.兩天后,我收到了一封工作邀請(qǐng)信。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)offer v.作動(dòng)詞①“(主動(dòng))拿給,給予”的意思,相當(dāng)于give,后可接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),也可接雙賓語(yǔ),即offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb. The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.那個(gè)年輕人在公共汽車上將自己的座位讓給了那個(gè)老人。②offer to do sth.表示“主動(dòng)提出做某事”。He offered to drive us to the airport,but we preferred to walk there.他主動(dòng)提出送我們?nèi)C(jī)場(chǎng),但我們寧愿走路去。(2)offer n.作名詞,表示愿做某事或給予某物(后接of/to do sth.);(工作等的)邀約 Thank you for your kind offer of helping me.=Thank you for your kind offer to help me.謝謝你提供的幫助。典例剖析2( )It’s parents’ job to ________a clean and comfortable environment at home ________their children. A.offer;to B.give;forC.provide;with D.ask;for 【答案】 A 【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 【解析】 句意:為孩子提供一個(gè)干凈舒適的家庭環(huán)境是父母的責(zé)任。offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.“給某人提供某物”,give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.“給某人某物”,provide sb.sth.=provide sth.for sb.“向某人提供某物”,ask for“請(qǐng)求,要求”,由句意可知選A。變式訓(xùn)練2( )(原創(chuàng))Lei Feng always offered ________people in need. A.help B.to helpC.helping D.helpsB【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式。【解析】 句意:雷鋒總是主動(dòng)幫助需要的人。offer to do sth.表示“主動(dòng)提出做某事”,故選B。語(yǔ)境填詞21.She________ to lend me her bike.她提出將自行車借給我。 2.He offered some________ _________________yesterday.他昨天提出了一些很有用的建議。 offered usefuladvice/suggestions3.interview n.& v.采訪;面試【教材原文】I went to the interview and everything went well because I prepared very well and had related work experience.我去面試,一切都很順利,因?yàn)槲覝?zhǔn)備得很好,有相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)interview n.接見(jiàn);采訪;面試;會(huì)談。Don’t be late for your job interview.求職面試不能遲到。(2)interview v.面試;采訪。We interviewed 8 people for the job.我們面試了8個(gè)求職者。(3)interviewer n.主持面試者;采訪者;會(huì)見(jiàn)者 interviewee n.被接見(jiàn)者;被訪問(wèn)者 典例剖析3( )The man did an ______with me yesterday. A.interviewed B.interviewsC.interview D.interviewee 【答案】 C 【試題分析】 本題考查詞性。 【解析】 句意:那個(gè)人昨天采訪了我。interview n.接見(jiàn);采訪;面試;會(huì)談。故選C。變式訓(xùn)練3( )(改編)—Will you help me fix up the bike according to the ________,Dad —No problem.A.inventions B.instructionsC.interviews D.invitationsB【試題分析】 本題考查名詞詞義辨析。【解析】 句意:——爸爸,你能幫我按照指示修理自行車嗎 ——沒(méi)問(wèn)題。invention“發(fā)明”,instructions “說(shuō)明”,interviews“面試”,invitations “邀請(qǐng)函”。故選B。語(yǔ)境填詞31.You need to be confident in the job __________. 在工作面試中你需要自信。2.The_____________won’t hire you unless they see them in person. 面試官不會(huì)雇傭你,除非他們親自見(jiàn)到你。interview interviewers4.match v.匹配;相稱【教材原文】I’m planning to leave because I want to find a job that can better match my professional skills.我打算離開(kāi),因?yàn)槲蚁胝乙环莞m合我專業(yè)技能的工作。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)match作名詞,表示“比賽;火柴;對(duì)手;相配的人(或物)”。a football/tennis match 足球/網(wǎng)球比賽to strike a match (=to make it burn) 劃火柴I was no match for him at tennis.在網(wǎng)球上我不是他的對(duì)手。The curtains and carpet are a good match.窗簾和地毯非常相配。(2)match作動(dòng)詞。一般掌握下面3種基本用法:①vt.及物動(dòng)詞,表示“與……相配/媲美” “使較量/競(jìng)賽”。 固定短語(yǔ)match sb./sth.(in sth.)“(在某方面)和某人/物不相上下”。 Nobody else in my class can match me in English.我班沒(méi)有別的人在英語(yǔ)上可以和我相比。②vi.作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“相配;相稱”。Your tie and shirt don’t match.你的領(lǐng)帶和你的襯衫不匹配。③常用的搭配:match against與……較量match…to…使……與……相匹配match up to比得上match with與……相配典例剖析4( )—What can I do for you,Sir —I’m looking for a white shirt to ________my new suit. A.fit B.matchC.suit D.be fit for 【答案】 B 【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。 【解析】 句意:——我能為你做些什么,先生 ——我正在找一件白襯衫來(lái)搭配我的新西裝。fit 合身,match配對(duì),be fit for“適合某種目的、用途、條件、要求或某人有能力勝任某種工作或職務(wù)等”。suit “指(服裝、風(fēng)格、顏色)等適合”,由句意可知這里需要“搭配”方面的動(dòng)詞,match “指大小、顏色、形狀方面的搭配”故選B。變式訓(xùn)練4( )(改編)I don’t think your shoes match________ your pants very well. A.for B.toC.at D./D【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配。【解析】 句意:我認(rèn)為你的鞋子和褲子不太相配。match作為及物動(dòng)詞,直接接賓語(yǔ),表示“與……相配”,后面不需要加介詞,故選D。語(yǔ)境填詞4The curtains and the carpet________well.窗簾和地毯很相配。 match5.fulfill v.實(shí)現(xiàn);符合【教材原文】We are confident that you will be able to fulfill the responsibilities of this new post.我們相信,如果你擔(dān)任這一新職務(wù),你將能夠履行職責(zé)。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)fulfill vt.及物動(dòng)詞,作及物動(dòng)詞,“履行;實(shí)現(xiàn);滿足”。These cleaners could fulfill all customers’ demands.這些清潔劑可以滿足所有顧客的需求。(2)fulfill 與realize、achieve的區(qū)別:①fulfill: vt.履行,實(shí)現(xiàn),完成(計(jì)劃等),強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)或完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù)或計(jì)劃,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。If one believes in himself,all he needs is just a little bit of luck to fulfill all his dreams.只要一個(gè)人相信自己,他就只需要一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)運(yùn)氣,所有的夢(mèng)想就都有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。②realize: vt.認(rèn)識(shí)到,了解,實(shí)現(xiàn)。多指意識(shí)到某種道理、規(guī)律,主語(yǔ)是人。當(dāng)作為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面一般要接目標(biāo)、遠(yuǎn)景等詞。He finally realized that he was wrong.他最終意識(shí)到自己錯(cuò)了。③achieve v.實(shí)現(xiàn),強(qiáng)調(diào)是通過(guò)努力實(shí)現(xiàn)。She achieved her goal at last.她最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)。典例剖析5( )Thanks to your help,I managed to ________the task on time. A.find B.delayC.fulfil D.seek 【答案】 C 【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析。 【解析】 句意:多虧了你的幫助,我設(shè)法按時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,delay“推遲”,fulfil“實(shí)現(xiàn),履行”,seek“尋求”,由句意可知C項(xiàng)符合題意,故選C。變式訓(xùn)練5( )(原創(chuàng))Only after you lose your health,will you________ the importance of health. A.realize B.recognizeC.fulfill D.relyA【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析。【解析】 句意:唯有在失去健康之后,我們才能了解健康的重要。realize“實(shí)現(xiàn),了解,意識(shí)到”,recognize“識(shí)別”,fulfill“實(shí)現(xiàn),履行”,rely“依靠,依賴”,由句意可知A項(xiàng)符合題意,故選A。語(yǔ)境填詞51.The boy finally__________ his goal and became a doctor. 這個(gè)男孩終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的目標(biāo),成為了一名醫(yī)生。2.My father_________his promise and bought me a new bike. 我父親履行了他的諾言,給我買了一輛新自行車。3.People__________ that they should take actions to protect the environment. 人們意識(shí)到他們應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)環(huán)境。achieved fulfilled realize6.delay v.使耽擱;推遲【教材原文】I did not call the company when I got delayed on my way,because I was afraid that they would cancel my interview.我在路上耽擱了,沒(méi)有給公司打電話,因?yàn)槲遗滤麄儠?huì)取消我的面試。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)delay v.意思為“使耽擱;推遲;延期”,相當(dāng)于put off,其后通常接名詞,動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),一般很少接不定式。 I have to delay handing in my homework.我不得不推遲上交作業(yè)。(2)delay n.耽擱;延誤;推遲;延期There was a delay (of two hours) before the plane took off.飛機(jī)起飛推遲了(兩個(gè)小時(shí))。典例剖析6( )Henry was late for the meeting because he was________by a traffic jam. A.decorated B.dependedC.determined D.delayed 【答案】 D 【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。 【解析】 句意:亨利開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了,因?yàn)榻煌ǘ氯R了。delay v.意思為“使耽擱;推遲;延期”,depend“依靠”,be determined“決定”,decorate“裝飾”。由句意可知D項(xiàng)符合題意,故選D。變式訓(xùn)練6( )(原創(chuàng))I delayed________ the books to the library. A.return B.returningC.to return D.returnedB【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞-ing的用法。【解析】 句意:我推遲了把書還給圖書館的時(shí)間。delay doing sth.“推遲/延遲做某事”,delay后接動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語(yǔ),故選B。語(yǔ)境填詞6She delayed ________the truth,waiting for the right moment. 她推遲說(shuō)實(shí)話,等待合適的時(shí)機(jī)。telling7.hard-working adj.勤奮的;努力的【教材原文】 I’m hard-working and get along with people very well.我工作努力,與人相處得很好。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)hard-working adj.“勤奮的;努力的”,是一個(gè)合成詞。 He is a hard-working man.他是一個(gè)勤奮的人。(2)work hard,hard work與hard-working的區(qū)別:work hard動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”,意為“努力地工作”。這里hard作副詞,意為“努力地、認(rèn)真地”,通常動(dòng)詞+副詞hardMy uncle usually works hard.我的叔叔通常努力地工作。hard work名詞短語(yǔ),“形容詞+名詞”,意為“艱難的工作”。這里hard作形容詞,意為“艱難的、難做的”,在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ):①be動(dòng)詞+形容詞hardThe exam was hard.那次考試難。②形容詞hard+名詞I think he will do the hard work.我覺(jué)得他會(huì)做這艱難的工作。We all have to make some hard decisions.我們都得做一些艱難的決定。(3)hardly adv.表示“幾乎不”。She is so quiet that I can hardly notice her.她那么安靜,我?guī)缀鯖](méi)有注意到她。鏈接真題( )(2024·安徽職教高考真題)—Mary got_______ “A” in her English test again.—Yeah. She is________ hard-working student.A.an;a B.the;a C.an;the D.the;the【試題分析】本題考查冠詞的用法。A【解析】句意:——瑪麗又一次在英語(yǔ)測(cè)驗(yàn)中得到了“A”?!堑?。她是一個(gè)勤奮的學(xué)生。根據(jù)冠詞的用法可知,字母“A”的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭,所以前面用an;hard-working的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭,所以前面用a。故選A。典例剖析7( )—What do you think of Lily —She is a(n) ________girl.She always does a lot of exercise. A.lovely B.hard-workingC.careless D.kind 【答案】 B 【試題分析】 本題考查形容詞辨析。 【解析】 句意:——你覺(jué)得莉莉怎么樣 ——她是一個(gè)勤奮的女孩。她總是做很多練習(xí)。A項(xiàng)lovely“可愛(ài)的”,B項(xiàng)hard-working “勤奮的”,C項(xiàng)careless“粗心的”,D項(xiàng)kind “友善的”,后半句“她總是做很多練習(xí)?!笨芍挥蠦項(xiàng)符合句意,故選B。變式訓(xùn)練7( )(原創(chuàng))It is ________,you must________to complete it. A.hardly work;work hardB.hard work;work hardlyC.hard-working;work hardD.hard work;work hardD【試題分析】 本題考查短語(yǔ)搭配。【解析】 句意:這是艱難的工作,你必須努力工作去完成它。可知第一個(gè)空“艱難的工作”用 hard work;第二個(gè)空“努力工作”用work hard,而hardly表示“幾乎不”。故選D。語(yǔ)境填詞71.You will succeed if you________ ________.如果你努力工作,一定會(huì)成功。 2.Tom is______________and he always gets good marks.湯姆很勤奮,他總是得到好成績(jī)。 workhard hard-working8.major n.專業(yè) & v.主修【教材原文】I graduated from Star Vocational School,where I majored in International Trade.我畢業(yè)于明星職業(yè)學(xué)校,主修國(guó)際貿(mào)易。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)major n.主修科目;專業(yè)。My major is International Trade.(2)major v.主修;專攻,多與介詞in連用。He majors in English 他主修英語(yǔ)。(3)major adj.較大的,主要的,指與其他事物相比,在大小、數(shù)量、范圍、程度、重要性等方面較大。major在句中只用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。major problems主要問(wèn)題major causes主要原因(4)majority n.多數(shù);大多數(shù)。具有復(fù)數(shù)意義,單獨(dú)用作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)(側(cè)重整體)或復(fù)數(shù)(側(cè)重個(gè)體)。The majority agree(s) with me.大多數(shù)人同意我的意見(jiàn)。The majority were/was against the plan.大多數(shù)人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。但是,若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)通常也要用復(fù)數(shù)。The majority are young people.大多數(shù)是年輕人。典例剖析8( )My little brother is a collage student.He majors________ French. A.for B.inC.at D.with 【答案】 B 【試題分析】 本題考查介詞。 【解析】 句意:我的弟弟是一名大學(xué)生,他主修法語(yǔ)。major v.主修;專攻,多與介詞in連用。故選B。變式訓(xùn)練8( )(改編)Air pollution is the ________cause of pollution in the city. A.major B.idealC.available D.cooperativeA【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析。【解析】 句意:空氣污染是城市污染的主要原因。major“主要的”,ideal “理想的”available “可利用的”,cooperative “合作的”,由題意可知只有A項(xiàng)符合句意,故選A。語(yǔ)境填詞81.The__________of students are fond of playing football.大部分學(xué)生喜歡踢足球。 2.I__________in business management.我主修商業(yè)管理。 majority major9.mind v.介意【教材原文】I was pleased that the manager,the driver of the yellow car,didn’t mind my being rude to him.我很高興經(jīng)理——也就是那輛黃色小汽車的司機(jī),不介意我對(duì)他無(wú)禮。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)mind v.介意;在乎,其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。Would you mind opening the window 請(qǐng)打開(kāi)窗戶好嗎 表示“注意” “當(dāng)心”等,其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用不定式。There will be a meeting tonight.Mind not to be late.今晚有會(huì)議,注意別遲到。(2)mind n.腦子;心思,通常用作可數(shù)名詞。He has a mind for science.他有學(xué)科學(xué)的頭腦。在某些諺語(yǔ)或固定短語(yǔ)中,可能是不可數(shù)的。Out of sight,out of mind.眼不見(jiàn),心不煩。You must keep this in mind.你必須記住這一點(diǎn)。(3)Do(Would)you mind+v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)中,其實(shí)表達(dá)的含義是:請(qǐng)你做……好嗎 Do you mind helping us 請(qǐng)你幫我們一下忙好嗎 Would you mind explaining that again,please 請(qǐng)你再解釋一遍行嗎 該句型意為“請(qǐng)你……好不好 ” “倘若……你見(jiàn)怪嗎 ”,用would比用do更客氣委婉,但通常不用will;其后可接動(dòng)名詞(但不接不定式)或if從句;接動(dòng)名詞時(shí),根據(jù)情況可以帶邏輯主語(yǔ);對(duì)該句型的回答與漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣不同,注意回答是針對(duì)mind而言的,即: ①表示不同意,可用:Yes,I do mind./Please don’t…/Better not,please./I’d rather you didn’t./I’m sorry,but…等。 ②表示同意,可用:Oh,no,please./No,not at all./Not at all./Certainly not./Of course not./No,go ahead./No,I don’t mind.等。 (4)mind接if從句時(shí),若句首用的是Would,從句謂語(yǔ)通常要用過(guò)去式(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)。注意比較這兩個(gè)句型:Do you mind if I… 你介意我做某事嗎 (后接陳述語(yǔ)氣)Would you mind if I… 你介意我做某事嗎 (后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣,常常用過(guò)去式)—Do you mind if I open the window 你介意我打開(kāi)窗戶嗎 —Go ahead,I don’t mind.開(kāi)吧,我不介意。—Would you mind if I I opened the window 你介意我打開(kāi)窗戶嗎 —Go ahead,I don’t mind.開(kāi)吧,我不介意。(5)與mind相關(guān)短語(yǔ):make up one’s mind下定決心;決定keep in mind記住never mind沒(méi)關(guān)系,不要緊change one’s mind改變看法mind map思維導(dǎo)圖come to one’s mind某人想到典例剖析9( )—It’s very cold here.Would you mind ________the window —Of course not.Go ahead.A.closing B.to closeC.close D.close 【答案】 A 【試題分析】 本題考查mind用法。 【解析】 句意:——這里很冷。你介意關(guān)窗戶嗎 ——當(dāng)然不介意。去吧。mind v.介意;在乎,其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞,mind doing sth.。故選A。變式訓(xùn)練9( )(原創(chuàng))—Would you mind if I use your umbrella —________.Here you are. A.Yes,go ahead B.That’s all rightC.Of course not D.I’m sorryC【試題分析】 本題考查情景交際。【解析】 句意:——你介意我用一下你的雨傘嗎 ——當(dāng)然不介意,給你。Do(Would) you mind+v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)中,表達(dá)的含義是:請(qǐng)你做某事……好嗎 注意回答是針對(duì)mind而言的,表示同意,可用:Oh,no,please./No,not at all./Not at all. /Certainly not./Of course not./No,go ahead./No,I don’t mind.等。由回答可知表示同意,故C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境,故選C。語(yǔ)境填詞91.She didn’t mind________ at home alone.她不介意獨(dú)自待在家里。 2.After talking to the teacher,the boy________ ______ ______ ________to learn English well. 和老師談話之后,這個(gè)男孩下定決心要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。staying madeuphismind1.get along with 與……相處融洽;進(jìn)展【教材原文】I’m hard-working and get along with people very well.我工作努力,與人相處得很好。重點(diǎn)詞組【知識(shí)拓展】(1)get along well with=get on well with與……相處融洽We are getting along well with each other.我們互相之間相處得很融洽。(2)get along with進(jìn)展How are you getting along with your new job 你的新工作進(jìn)展如何 (3)與get相關(guān)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ):get across度過(guò),通過(guò),橫過(guò);說(shuō)服,使理解get away 離開(kāi),逃脫get back取回,回來(lái);報(bào)復(fù)get behind 落后;識(shí)破 get down咽下;寫下;使沮喪get familiar with 熟悉get home到家get in 進(jìn)入,陷入;牽涉get off送走;脫下(衣服);下車;動(dòng)身get on 上車;穿上get out of 由……出來(lái)get over越過(guò);恢復(fù),痊愈;克服get ready for 為……做準(zhǔn)備get rid of除去,去掉;免除,擺脫get through到達(dá),完成,通過(guò),及格get together 積聚get up 起床,起立get used to習(xí)慣于典例剖析1( )Lucy is an easy-going girl.I think she can ________her classmates. A.come up with B.catch up withC.gets on well withD.get along well with 【答案】 D 【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配。 【解析】 句意:露西是一個(gè)好相處的女孩,我認(rèn)為她能和她的同學(xué)相處融洽。come up with“想出”,catch up with“趕上”,gets on well with 與get along well with 都表示“與……相處融洽”,空格前從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,后面接動(dòng)詞原形,故選D。變式訓(xùn)練1( )(原創(chuàng))—How are you getting along with your new job —Just so so.I found the manager very difficult ________. A.gets along with B.to get along withC.to get along D.getting on withB【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式。【解析】 句意:——你的新工作進(jìn)展如何 ——一般般,我發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)理很難相處。find+賓語(yǔ)+adj.+動(dòng)詞不定式(作賓補(bǔ)),主語(yǔ)he和動(dòng)詞get along with是主謂關(guān)系,故用不定式表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且介詞with不能省略,故選B。2.rely on 信賴;依靠【教材原文】But we are looking for someone we can rely on.但我們?cè)趯ふ乙粋€(gè)可靠的人。【知識(shí)拓展】depend on/rely on/count on辨析(1)意思不同:rely on依靠depend on依仗count on指望(2)用法不同:①rely on用法:基本意思是“依賴,依靠,信任”,強(qiáng)調(diào)憑以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)判斷是否可以相信或依賴。They rely on the river for water.他們用水要依靠這條河。②depend on用法:作“依賴于” “依靠”解時(shí)主要指某種要出現(xiàn)的情況、未知的事實(shí)及待作出的決定等有關(guān)的事物的不確定性。強(qiáng)調(diào)從這個(gè)人或這件事中很可能得到支持或幫助。 His family depends on him.他的家庭依靠他。depend on還表示“由……決定”。Whether we will go there or not depends on the weather.我們是否去那,要看天氣情況。③count on用法:count 可用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),可接名詞、代詞作賓語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)指望的意思。 You can count on my help.你可以依賴我的幫助。典例剖析2( )A true friend is someone that you can ________when you need help. A.rely on B.get onC.take place D.carry on 【答案】 A 【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。 【解析】 句意:真正的朋友是當(dāng)你需要幫助時(shí)可以依靠的人。rely on“依靠;依賴”,get on “上車;穿上”,take place“發(fā)生”,carry on“繼續(xù)”,由句意可知A項(xiàng)最合適,故選A。變式訓(xùn)練2( )(原創(chuàng))—Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow —Well,it all________the weather. A.belongs to B.happens toC.concentrate on D.depends onD【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。【解析】 句意:——我們明天去野餐嗎 ——嗯,完全取決于天氣。A項(xiàng)belongs to“屬于”;B項(xiàng)happens to “發(fā)生”;C項(xiàng)concentrate on “專注于”,因此只有D項(xiàng)符合題意,故選D。3.get to到達(dá)【教材原文】I rushed to the building,but when I got to their office,it was 10:10.我沖進(jìn)向大樓,但當(dāng)我到達(dá)他們的辦公室時(shí),已經(jīng)10點(diǎn)10分了。【知識(shí)拓展】get to、arrive、reach的區(qū)別:三者都可以表示“到達(dá)”之意。(1)get to+地點(diǎn),get是不及物動(dòng)詞,所以其后接to+地點(diǎn)。 We will get to the airport at six.我們會(huì)在六點(diǎn)到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)。How can I get to the hotel 我怎么到賓館呢 當(dāng)“到達(dá)”的地點(diǎn)是副詞時(shí),不帶介詞toI got here early in the morning.我一大早就到這兒了。(2)reach vt.及物動(dòng)詞,直接加地點(diǎn),reach+地點(diǎn)。 They finally reached the top of the mountain.他們最終到達(dá)了山頂。(3)arrive vi.不及物動(dòng)詞,后接in/at①arrive in+大地點(diǎn);大地方指國(guó)家或大城市。 I arrived in London on May, 2nd.我5月2號(hào)到達(dá)倫敦。②arrive at+小地點(diǎn);小地方指小城市、鄉(xiāng)村或具體的地點(diǎn),如車站,商場(chǎng)或餐廳等。 When will you arrive at the town 你什么時(shí)候到鎮(zhèn)上 ③注意:表達(dá)“到家”時(shí),home是副詞,前面不能加介詞的,所以三種表達(dá)方式分別是:get home/arrive home/reach home典例剖析3( )I will call you as soon as I ______Nanjing. A.arrive in B.arrive atC.reach to D.get 【答案】 A 【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 【解析】 句意:我一到達(dá)南京就給你打電話。get to+地點(diǎn),reach vt.及物動(dòng)詞,直接加地點(diǎn),reach+地點(diǎn)。arrive in+大地點(diǎn)(國(guó)家或大城市),arrive at+小地點(diǎn)(鄉(xiāng)村或具體的地點(diǎn),如車站,商場(chǎng)或餐廳等)。南京是大城市,故選A。變式訓(xùn)練3( )(原創(chuàng))The train had left when he ________the station. A.got B.arrived inC.got to D.reach inC【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。【解析】 句意:當(dāng)他到達(dá)火車站時(shí),火車已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。get to+地點(diǎn),reach vt.及物動(dòng)詞,直接加地點(diǎn),故排除D。arrive in+大地點(diǎn)(國(guó)家或大城市),arrive at+小地點(diǎn)(鄉(xiāng)村或具體的地點(diǎn),如車站,商場(chǎng)或餐廳等)。車站是小地點(diǎn),應(yīng)用arrive at,排除B。故選C。4.be satisfied with…對(duì)……感到滿意【教材原文】Alice has worked at ABC Company for one year,but she is not satisfied with her present job and wants to change it.愛(ài)麗絲已經(jīng)在ABC公司工作一年了,但是她對(duì)現(xiàn)在的工作不滿意,想要換一份工作。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)be satisfied with sb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物感覺(jué)滿意。satisfied adj.滿意的。相當(dāng)于be happy with/be pleased with。The boss is satisfied with her job.老板對(duì)她的工作感到滿意。(2)satisfy v.滿足,滿意satisfying adj.令人滿意的;令人高興的satisfactory adj.令人滿意的;可以接受的satisfaction n.滿意;滿足典例剖析4( )—This model plane is quite popular.I think you’ll be ________it. —It looks nice.I’ll take it.A.tired of B.satisfied withC.scared about D.busy with 【答案】 B 【試題分析】 本題考查短語(yǔ)辨析。 【解析】 句意:——這架飛機(jī)模型很受歡迎。我想你會(huì)滿意的?!雌饋?lái)不錯(cuò)。我買了。be tired of“厭倦”,be satisfied with“對(duì)……感到滿意”,be scared about“對(duì)……感到害怕”,be busy with“忙于”,由句意可知B項(xiàng)合適,故選B。變式訓(xùn)練4( )(原創(chuàng))The teacher was very________ with the student’s ________ answer. A.satisfied;satisfyingB.satisfying;satisfiedC.satisfied;satisfiedD.satisfying;satisfyingA【試題分析】 本題考查形容詞。【解析】 句意:老師對(duì)學(xué)生滿意的回答非常滿意。由第一個(gè)空前was和with,主語(yǔ)The teacher為人,可知考查的是短語(yǔ)be satisfied with“對(duì)……感到滿意”,第二個(gè)空后answer為物,修飾物應(yīng)用satisfying adj.“令人滿意的;令人高興的”,故選A。5.happen to碰巧【教材原文】Unfortunately,I was caught in a terrible traffic jam, and I had to change to the subway which happened to break down for 20 minutes.不幸的是,我遇到了嚴(yán)重的交通堵塞,不得不換乘地鐵,這條地鐵剛好壞了20分鐘。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)happen vi.不及物動(dòng)詞。sth.+happen+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間,意為“某地/某時(shí)發(fā)生了某事”。An accident happened in that street.那條街發(fā)生了一起事故。What’s happening outside 外面發(fā)生什么事了 (2)sth.+happen to+sb.意為“某人發(fā)生某事(常指不好的事發(fā)生在某人身上)”。 A car accident happened to him yesterday.昨天他發(fā)生了交通事故。What happened to you (=What was wrong/the matter with you )你怎么啦 (3)sb.+happen+to do sth.意為“某人碰巧做某事”。 I happened to meet her in the street.我碰巧在街上遇見(jiàn)她。It happened that I was out when he called.他來(lái)訪時(shí)我碰巧不在。(4)happen表示“碰巧或恰巧發(fā)生某事”時(shí),還可用“It happens/happened that…”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家。(5)注意:①happen為不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。②happen為短暫性動(dòng)詞,不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。③happen一般用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)某事發(fā)生的偶然性。如要表示事先安排或有準(zhǔn)備的事情或活動(dòng),則不能用 happen,而要用take place。 A sports meeting took place(=was held) in our school last week.上周我校舉行了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。(6)happen,occur,take place 辨析:三者均可表示“發(fā)生”,區(qū)別如下:①happen 和 occur 通常指未經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備地發(fā)生或偶然地發(fā)生,兩者??蓳Q用,只是后者比前者更正式。 The accident happened/occurred at about 10.事故大約發(fā)生在 10 點(diǎn)鐘。兩者之后均可接介詞 to,但含義不同:happen to 表示某事發(fā)生在某人身上,occur to 表示某人想起了某事。 What happened to you (the radio) 你(收音機(jī))怎么樣了 A good idea occurred to me.我想到了一個(gè)好主意。②take place 通常指預(yù)先安排好要發(fā)生的事,表示“發(fā)生,舉行”。 The meeting will take place on Sunday.會(huì)議星期日舉行。Great changes have taken place here since last year.自去年以來(lái),這里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。③三者表示“發(fā)生”都是不及物動(dòng)詞,因此既不能帶賓語(yǔ),也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。典例剖析5( )—What happen ________Nancy yesterday —She was caught by a car accident.A.in B.toC.for D.with 【答案】 B 【試題分析】 本題考查介詞辨析。 【解析】 句意:——南希昨天怎么了 ——她出車禍了。happen to+sb.意為“某人發(fā)生某事”,固定搭配,故選B。變式訓(xùn)練5( )(改編)As we know,the 2024 Olympic Games will ________in Paris,F(xiàn)rance. A.occur B.happenC.take place D.break outC【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。【解析】 句意:眾所周知,2024年奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在法國(guó)巴黎舉行。occur “發(fā)生”;break out“爆發(fā)”;happen “發(fā)生”,一般用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)某事發(fā)生的偶然性。take place“發(fā)生,舉行”,表示事先安排或有準(zhǔn)備的事情或活動(dòng),則不能用 happen,而要用take place。故選C。6.break down崩潰;損壞【教材原文】Unfortunately,I was caught in a terrible traffic jam, and I had to change to the subway which happened to break down for 20 minutes.不幸的是,我遇到了嚴(yán)重的交通堵塞,不得不換乘地鐵,這條地鐵剛好壞了20分鐘。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)(機(jī)器、車輛等)壞了。The car broke down after an hour’s driving.車子開(kāi)了一個(gè)小時(shí)就壞了。(2)(計(jì)劃、談判等)失敗。Our plans have broken down.我們的計(jì)劃已經(jīng)失敗了。(3)(談話、通訊等)中斷。He broke down as he was singing.他沒(méi)唱完就突然停住了。(4)(健康、精神等)變壞。Her health broke down under the pressure of work.工作的壓力把他的身體弄垮了。(5)與break相關(guān)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ):break up打碎;(關(guān)系)破裂;分手break in打斷,插話,闖入,強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入break into闖入,破門而入break out(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病)突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)break out in tears突然大哭break the rule 違反規(guī)定break through 突圍,沖垮take a break休息一下典例剖析6( )We were late for work yesterday because our car _______ on the way. A.broke up B.broke inC.broke down D.broke out 【答案】 C 【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。 【解析】 句意:我們昨天上班遲到是因?yàn)槲覀兊钠囋诼飞蠏佸^了。break up打碎;(關(guān)系)破裂;分手。break in 打斷,插話,闖入,強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入。break down崩潰;損壞。break out (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病)突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)。由題意可知C項(xiàng)最合適,故選C。變式訓(xùn)練6( )(原創(chuàng))The cartoon Peppa Pig which is popular with people all over the world ________to be a great success. A.breaks out B.comes outC.gives out D.turns outD【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。【解析】 句意:深受到世界各地人民歡迎的動(dòng)畫片《小豬佩奇》取得了巨大的成功。break out(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病) 突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)。come out出來(lái);開(kāi)花。give out 分發(fā);散發(fā)。turns out證明是……,turn out+(to be)+adj./n.,由句意可知turn out最合適,故選D。1.I’m planning to leave because I want to find a job that can better match my professional skills.我打算離開(kāi),因?yàn)槲蚁胝乙环莞m合我專業(yè)技能的工作。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。I是主語(yǔ),am planning 為謂語(yǔ),to leave為賓語(yǔ)。because后是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。重點(diǎn)句子【知識(shí)拓展】because、as/since、for的比較:(1)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之后,because表示直接原因,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),最適合回答 why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。 I do it because I like it.我做這件事是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g。注意: “not…because”結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個(gè)從句。The country is not strong because it is large.國(guó)強(qiáng)不在大。(2)since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”),較為正式,語(yǔ)氣比because弱。Since you are free today,you had better help me with my mathematics.既然今天你休息,你最好幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。注意: seeing (that),now (that),considering (that),in that這幾個(gè)詞匯與since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句意思相近,都表示“既然”。Seeing (that) he refused to help us,there’s no reason that we should now help him.既然他曾經(jīng)拒絕幫助我們,我們現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有理由要來(lái)幫助他。Now (that) you are grown up,you should not rely on your parents.既然你長(zhǎng)大了,就不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母了。Considering (that) everybody is here,let’s begin our discussion.既然大家都到了,我們就開(kāi)始討論吧。In that he is ill,he feels unable to do it.因?yàn)橛胁。X(jué)得做不了那件事。(3)as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示附帶說(shuō)明的“雙方已知的原因”,語(yǔ)氣比since弱,較為正式,位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。 As it is raining,you’d better take a taxi.既然在下雨,你最好乘出租汽車。(4)for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句并不說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因,只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。He could not have seen me,for I was not there.他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)我,因?yàn)槲也辉谀抢铩?br/>典例剖析1( )________ he did not wear a helmet when riding a e-bike,he was fined. A.For B.BecauseC.While D.If 【答案】 B 【試題分析】 本題考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 【解析】 句意:他因?yàn)轵T電動(dòng)車沒(méi)佩戴頭盔而被罰款。for意為“因?yàn)椤保遣⒘羞B詞,不能引導(dǎo)從句,because意為“因?yàn)椤?,引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句;while 位于句首時(shí)意為“盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;if意為“如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知 because 符合句意。故選B。仿寫運(yùn)用1(漢譯英)選詞填空:because/since/as/for1.The teacher always tells the student not to swim in the river __________it is dangerous. 老師總是告訴學(xué)生不要在河里游泳,因?yàn)楹永锖芪kU(xiǎn)。2.______it’s getting dark,I have to go home now. 天快黑了,我得回家了3.______ his method doesn’t work.Let’s try yours. 既然他的方法沒(méi)有用,我們?cè)囈幌履愕陌伞?br/>4.It must have rained,________ the ground is wet. 一定是下雨了,因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹?br/>because As Since for2.Alice has worked at ABC Company for one year,but she is not satisfied with her present job and wants to change it.愛(ài)麗絲已經(jīng)在ABC公司工作一年了,但是她對(duì)現(xiàn)在的工作不滿意,想要換一份工作。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這是一個(gè)but連接的并列句。逗號(hào)前為“主-謂”結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)為 Alice,has worked 為謂語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),at ABC Company是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ);but后是“主-謂-賓”結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)為she,謂語(yǔ)為is not satisfied with,賓語(yǔ)為 her present job。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志詞:already、just、yet、ever、never、so far(till now/up to now)、recently、in the past 3 years、in the past few years、before、since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)、for+時(shí)間段等。 (3)基本用法:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法如下:①表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束,通常使用不具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞,如arrive、become、begin、break等。I have already posted the photos.我已經(jīng)把照片寄出了。②表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),也許還將繼續(xù)下去。這種用法通常用于具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞,如live、stay、work等,并帶有表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)或迄今意義的時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如for、since等。They have lived in Beijing since 2002.他們自從2002年以來(lái)就住在北京。例如:They left an hour ago.→They have been away for an hour.③表示到現(xiàn)在為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與often、always 等連用。 He has been late for class every morning this week.這個(gè)星期他每天早晨都遲到。My father has always gone to work by bike.我爸爸一向騎車上班。④用于時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來(lái)要完成的動(dòng)作或一個(gè)動(dòng)作先于另一個(gè)動(dòng)作。He will be back before I have finished my work.我完成工作之前他會(huì)回來(lái)的。⑤用在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third…time+that從句”中。 在這種從句中,當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為is/will be時(shí),that從句的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、that 可以省略。主句中的主語(yǔ)還可用this、this evening等;這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的first也可用其他序數(shù)詞;time也可由其他名詞替代。 This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次來(lái)這里。It’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public.這將是我第一次當(dāng)眾講話。⑥“It (This) is the best(worst,most interesting等)+名詞+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the best film I’ve ever seen.這是我所看過(guò)得最好的一部電影。鏈接真題( )1.(2020·安徽職教高考真題)Over the past 40 years,humans________great efforts to visit the moon to get information. A.make B.madeC.have made D.would makeC【試題分析】 本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。【解析】 句意:在過(guò)去的40年里,人類為了訪問(wèn)月球獲取信息已經(jīng)做出了巨大的努力。over the past 40 years為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞,故選C。( )2.(真題)I________Jim since he was five years old. A.know B.knewC.will know D.have knownD【試題分析】 本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。【解析】 句意:自從吉姆5歲時(shí),我就認(rèn)識(shí)他。since后+時(shí)間點(diǎn),為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞,故選D。典例剖析2( )She_______ already_______in this school for two years. A.was;studying B.will;studyC.has;studied D.are;studying 【答案】 C 【試題分析】 本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 【解析】 句意:她已經(jīng)在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)兩年了。for two years為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞,主語(yǔ)為第三人稱,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)has studied,故選C。仿寫運(yùn)用2(漢譯英)She and I ________ ________friends since we were very young. 她和我自從小時(shí)候就是朋友。havebeen3.It is our great pleasure to inform you that you will work as the director of the marketing department from next month.我們很高興地通知你,從下個(gè)月起你將擔(dān)任市場(chǎng)部主任。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:主-系-表結(jié)構(gòu)。主語(yǔ)為It,It作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式 to inform you that you will work as the director of the marketing department from next month,謂語(yǔ)is,表語(yǔ)為our great pleasure。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常常可以用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把真正的主語(yǔ)移到句子后部。用it作形式主語(yǔ)的好處是避免句子由于主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)而顯得頭重腳輕。it作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型有:It作不定式的形式主語(yǔ):①It+be+n.+不定式It was his duty to attend to this matter.處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題是他的責(zé)任。②It+be+adj.+不定式It be+adj.(for sb.)to do…(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事是……如果形容詞是描述事物的特征用for sb.easy,hard,difficult,safe,good,bad,harmful,interesting,important,helpful,necessary等It is important for us to learn English well.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。It is necessary for people to wear masks in public areas.對(duì)人們來(lái)說(shuō)在公共場(chǎng)所戴口罩是必要的。③It be+adj.(of sb.)to do…(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事是…… 如果形容詞是描述人的品質(zhì)或?qū)λ鲂袨檫M(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)用of。如:kind、good、nice、wise、unwise、clever、smart、right、wrong、foolish、stupid、selfish、careless等。It is very kind of you to help me.你能幫我真是太善良了。(2)It 作動(dòng)名詞的形式主語(yǔ):It+be+n.+動(dòng)名詞 (常用的名詞有no good、no use、nuisance、a waste、a wonder 等) It’s no use doing a lot of work without thoughtful planning.沒(méi)有考慮周到的計(jì)劃而做一大堆工作是沒(méi)用的。(3)It作主語(yǔ)從句的形式主語(yǔ):①It be+adj.+that從句It’s certain that… 肯定……It is possible that…很可能……It is unlikely that…不可能……It is obvious that…很明顯……It is necessary/important/natural/…that…+(should) doIt is possible that she will come back tomorrow.很可能她明天回來(lái)。②It+be+n.+從句It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow.我們明天必須離開(kāi),真是遺憾。③It+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+從句It is said that the rhythm of tides is affected by the moon.據(jù)說(shuō)潮汐的漲落受月亮的影響。典例剖析3( )It is impossible ________the work at once. A.to finish B.finishingC.finished D.finish 【答案】 A 【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式。 【解析】 句意:馬上完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。impossible不可能的,It is+adj.+to do…做某事是…,it在句子中作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式to finish the work at once,故選A。仿寫運(yùn)用31.It is our duty________ ________ ________the children.照顧好孩子們是我們的職責(zé)。 2.It is________ ________you to make lots of mistakes.你真粗心,犯了這么多錯(cuò)誤。 tolookafter carelessof4.I did not call the company when I got delayed on my way,because I was afraid that they would cancel my interview.我在路上耽擱了,沒(méi)有給公司打電話,因?yàn)槲遗滤麄儠?huì)取消我的面試。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,逗號(hào)前為主句,主句主干為主-謂-賓結(jié)構(gòu),主句主語(yǔ)為I,謂語(yǔ)為 did not call,賓語(yǔ)為the company,主句中when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;逗號(hào)后為原因狀語(yǔ)從句。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)when表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)” “在……時(shí)”或“就在那時(shí)”。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,也可以和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用;when從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。而while和as只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。 Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already (get為短暫性動(dòng)詞)你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的 Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call為短暫性動(dòng)詞)對(duì)不起,你打電話時(shí)我剛好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot.(is為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài))趁熱打鐵。The students took notes as they listened.(listen為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)學(xué)生們邊聽(tīng)課邊做筆記。(2)when,while,as顯然都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,但用法區(qū)別非常大。when從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生;while和as從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。①?gòu)木鋭?dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作前發(fā)生,只用 when。 When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會(huì)兒。②從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),when,while,as都可使用。When/While/As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí),一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來(lái)。③當(dāng)主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,從句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間概念淡化,而主要表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí),只能用 as。這時(shí),as常表示“隨著……”;“一邊……,一邊……”之意。 As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.隨著時(shí)間一年一年過(guò)去,中國(guó)變得越來(lái)越富強(qiáng)了。The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘們一邊走,一邊唱。④在將來(lái)時(shí)從句中,常用when,且從句須用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。(主將從現(xiàn))When the manager comes here for a visit next week,I’ll talk with him about this.下周,經(jīng)理來(lái)這參觀時(shí),我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸隆?br/>⑤when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指過(guò)去的事情)。hardly(=scarcely)…when…一……就……I had hardly/scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.我剛一走進(jìn)房門,電話就響了。典例剖析4( )I was doing my homework when my mother________ home yesterday evening. A.coming back B.come backC.came back D.comes back 【答案】 C 【試題分析】 本題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 【解析】 句意:昨天晚上媽媽回家的時(shí)候,我正在做家庭作業(yè)。when表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)” “在……時(shí)”或“就在那時(shí)”。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作came back和主句動(dòng)作was doing同時(shí)發(fā)生,故選C。仿寫運(yùn)用41.It was raining when I________ at the station.當(dāng)我到達(dá)車站時(shí),天在下雨。 2.I was doing my homework while my mum_______ ________.我在寫作業(yè)時(shí)媽媽正在做飯。 3.Tom will call me when he________home.湯姆到家會(huì)給我打電話。 arrived wascooking gets5.Make an extra copy for yourself so that you can use it during the interview and point to specific information that makes you perfect for the job.為自己多復(fù)印一份,以便在面試時(shí)使用,并指出你最適合這份工作的具體信息。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這是一句含目的狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。主句為祈使句,動(dòng)詞原形make放句首。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)so that表示“為了……;以便……”,表示目的;在用法和意義上相當(dāng)于in order that結(jié)構(gòu),后面都接句子,用于引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中常常使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may,might,can,could,shall,should,will,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 The teacher spoke loud so that the students can hear him.老師大聲講話,以便學(xué)生們能聽(tīng)到他。(2)so that與so…that的用法區(qū)別:①so that“為了、以便于”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,常放于句中。 I read more books so that I can catch up with my classmates。我讀更多的書,以便我能趕上我的同學(xué)。②so…that…中so是副詞,常常用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,常和too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)互換。He is so old that he can’t work.他太老了,不能工作。典例剖析5( )Linda has learned a lot about the history of Anhui ________she can be a tour guide. A.as long as B.as soon asC.although D.so that 【答案】 D 【試題分析】 本題考查連詞用法。 【解析】 句意:琳達(dá)學(xué)了很多關(guān)于安徽的歷史,這樣她就可以當(dāng)導(dǎo)游了。很明顯從句表示的是目的。so that “為了,以便”后面接句子;as long as“只要”;as soon as “一……就……”although “盡管;雖然”,空格后是句子,故選D。仿寫運(yùn)用51.It was so________that no one was willing to go out. 天氣如此熱以至于沒(méi)有人愿意出去。2.He works hard every day________ ________he can make more money. 他每天努力工作為了掙更多的錢。hot sothat6.Don’t talk too much.別說(shuō)太多。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這是一個(gè)否定祈使句。【知識(shí)拓展】(1)祈使句是用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句的肯定形式:①第一種,Do型,就是動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)+其他成分。Stand up.起立。Have a seat.坐吧。Wait for me.等等我。Lookat me.看著我。②第二種,Be型,Be+表語(yǔ)+其他成分,這里的表語(yǔ)一般是形容詞或名詞。Be quick!快點(diǎn)!Be quiet!安靜點(diǎn)!Be a good boy!要做一個(gè)好孩子!③第三種,Let型,就是Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。Let’s go.我們走吧。Let me help you.讓我來(lái)幫你。(2)祈使句的否定式:構(gòu)成祈使句否定式的方法很簡(jiǎn)單,那就是在動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t/never——不管祈使句所用的動(dòng)詞為什么性質(zhì)動(dòng)詞,情況都是一樣。Open the window.把窗戶打開(kāi)?!鶧on’t open the window.別把窗戶打開(kāi)。Come next Monday.下周星期一來(lái)?!鶧on’t come next Monday.下周星期一別來(lái)。對(duì)于以let us或let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句,其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一個(gè)not。 Let’s tell him the truth.我們把實(shí)情告訴他吧。→Let’s not tell him the truth.我們不要把實(shí)情告訴他。典例剖析6( )1.________make so much noise,the baby is sleeping. A.Doesn’t B.Don’tC.Do D.Let’s 【答案】 B 【試題分析】 本題考查祈使句。 【解析】 句意:不要制造這么多噪音,寶寶在睡覺(jué)。祈使句的否定式:動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t/never。故選B。( )2.__________your head,and you will find a way!A.Using B.To useC.Use D.Used 【答案】 C 【試題分析】 本題考查祈使句。 【解析】 句意:你要?jiǎng)觿?dòng)腦筋,就會(huì)想出辦法的。空格所在句為祈使句,祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭,用and來(lái)連接。根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu),可知選C。仿寫運(yùn)用6(漢譯英)1.________ ________the TV,you have been watching it for a long time. 關(guān)掉電視,你已經(jīng)看了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。2.The spirit of marathon is“Keep on,never________ ________”. 馬拉松精神是:堅(jiān)持,永不不放棄!Turnoff giveup非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞定義:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞),即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不 能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外,可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。非謂語(yǔ)分詞的用法與其所在位置(所充當(dāng)成分)密切相關(guān)。分類:動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式有三種:1.不定式(The Infinitive),由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,to 為不定式符號(hào),并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。2.動(dòng)名詞(The Gerund),由動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成。3.分詞(The Participle)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞(The Present Participle),由動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成(2)過(guò)去分詞(The Past Participle),由動(dòng)詞+ed構(gòu)成。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有以下特征:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等多種句子成分,但唯獨(dú)不能作謂語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有各種形態(tài):原形、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有動(dòng)詞的功能,如可以有自己的賓語(yǔ),但不具有語(yǔ)法上的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì),如沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。用法:(一)動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法:動(dòng)詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用,可在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)用,(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。否定式:not+(to) do。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不能作謂語(yǔ),但有相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)。 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式 to do to be done進(jìn)行式 to be done完成式 to have done to have beendone(1)作主語(yǔ):動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般可用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末。It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難的。It means failure to lose your heart.灰心意味著失敗。常用句式有:①It+be+adj.(for/of sb.)+to do。②It takes sb.+some time+to do。(2)作表語(yǔ):動(dòng)詞不定式在系動(dòng)詞be之后作表語(yǔ),與表示將來(lái)時(shí)的be+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別。Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作是打掃大廳。(3)作賓語(yǔ):①作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),afford、agree、attempt、aim、choose、decide、demand、desire、determine、expect、fail、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、pretend、prepare、promise、refuse、seem、tend、threaten、wish.She wishes to be a musician.②作某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ):可以有動(dòng)詞不定式為賓語(yǔ)的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad、sorry、afraid、pleased、determined、willing、eager、anxious、ready、sure等。③動(dòng)詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ),但動(dòng)詞不定式之前如有疑問(wèn)詞時(shí),就可作介詞的賓語(yǔ),如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next (4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)ask、want、advise、allow、encourage、force、forbid、like、order、permit、persuade、request、require、tell、warn、urge、expect等。Father will not allow us to play on the street.爸爸不允許我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠!?br/>此外,介詞有時(shí)也與這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)連用。With a lot of work to do,he didn’t go to the cinema.他有很多工作要做,所以沒(méi)去電影院。(5)動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語(yǔ),如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),須先用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將該動(dòng)詞不定式后置。I don’t think it right to do it that way.我認(rèn)為這樣做是不對(duì)的。(6)作定語(yǔ):動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ),放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系:①動(dòng)賓關(guān)系:I have a meeting to attend.我有一個(gè)會(huì)議要出席。②說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:We have made a plan to finish the work.我們制定了一個(gè)完成工作的計(jì)劃。③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語(yǔ):He is the first to get here.他第一個(gè)來(lái)到這兒。(7)作狀語(yǔ):動(dòng)詞不定式可以作下列狀語(yǔ):①目的狀語(yǔ):為了強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或?yàn)榱?,但應(yīng)注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首。He worked day and night to get the money.他夜以繼日地工作來(lái)賺錢。②結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):往往是與預(yù)期愿望相反的結(jié)果(意料之外):常放在never only后。I visited him only to find him out.我去拜訪他,只見(jiàn)他出去了。③表原因:常放在形容詞后面。They were very sad to hear the news.他們聽(tīng)到這條新聞非常傷心。④表程度:The question is simple for him to answer.這問(wèn)題由他來(lái)回答是很簡(jiǎn)單的。(二)動(dòng)名詞用法:動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征,又具有名詞的句法功能。 語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式一般式 (not)doing (not)being done完成式 (not)havingdone (not)having been done(1)作主語(yǔ):Reading aloud is very helpful.朗讀是很有好處的。Collecting stamps is interesting.集郵很有趣。(2)作表語(yǔ):In the ant city,the queen’s job is laying eggs.在螞蟻王國(guó),蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。(3)作賓語(yǔ):We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我們必須阻止空氣被污染。只能帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:admit、allow、avoid、appreciate、consider、deny、enjoy、escape、finish、complete、forgive、keep、mind、miss、risk、resume、recall、practise、prevent、resist、suggest、understand.注意:①在want、need、require、deserve等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。The trees want watering.這些樹需要澆水了。②在(be)worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。His suggestion is worth considering.③在allow、advise、forbid、permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ),如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow students to smoke.注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)也可作介詞賓語(yǔ):be/get used to、devote oneself to、look forward to、object to、prefer…to、refer to、pay attention to、stick to、lead to.(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):表示賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義。動(dòng)詞-ing形式及其短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常出現(xiàn)在下列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后:find、feel、listen to、hear、look at、see、watch、notice、observe、smell、get、leave、have等。I heard the girl singing in the classroom.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)女孩正在教室里唱歌。We found it no good making fun of others.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。(5)作定語(yǔ):Is there a swimming pool in your school 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎 (6)作狀語(yǔ):表時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨(方式)等,具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義。表示其動(dòng)作與句子的謂語(yǔ)是同時(shí)的。Hearing the cry for help,he rushed out.聽(tīng)到呼救聲,他沖了出去。(時(shí)間)(三)動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別:1.對(duì)稱原則:主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)對(duì)稱Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.2.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,不定式表示具體的、某一次的動(dòng)作。Climbing mountains is interesting.To climb this mountain will take us two hours.3.不定式作主語(yǔ),一般用it 當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式短語(yǔ)后置。It will take us two hours to climb the mountain.固定句型:It’s no use/no good/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’s kind/wise/clever…of sb.to do sth.It is very kind of you to help us.It’s important/necessary/hard…for sb.to do sth.4.不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ),也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ),而不定式只能作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。有些動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),而有的只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ),有的既可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ),但意義不同。He chose not to go home this weekend.My mother dislikes seeing you with me.He is fond of playing tennis.①下列動(dòng)詞只能帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ):admit、allow、avoid、appreciate、consider、deny、enjoy、escape、finish、complete、forgive、keep、mind、miss、risk、resume、recall、practise、prevent、resist、suggest、understand.be/get used to、devote oneself to、look forward to、object to、prefer…to、refer to、pay attention to、stick to、lead to這些詞組里的to為介詞,而非不定式符號(hào)。②下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ):afford、agree、attempt、aim、choose、decide、demand、desire、determine、expect、fail、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、pretend、prepare、promise、refuse、seem、tend、threaten、wish.③在一些動(dòng)詞后,可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但含義有差別。forget、remember、regret+doing 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生;+to do表動(dòng)作未發(fā)生want、need、require+doing 表被動(dòng)=to be donetry doing試著做;try to do 盡力做,想要做stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停下來(lái)做另一件事go on doing 繼續(xù)做某事(前后是同一件事)go on to do 接下來(lái)做某事(前后不是同一件事)mean doing 意味著……,意思是……mean to do 故意或想要做某事can’t help doing sth.抑制不住、禁不住做某事can’t help to do sth.不能幫忙做某事④在 begin、start、continue 等詞后可接不定式作賓語(yǔ),也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),意義區(qū)別不大,但要注意:a.這些動(dòng)詞本身是-ing 形式時(shí),其后要接不定式;b.主語(yǔ)是物,多用不定式;c.其后的動(dòng)詞是表示情感的或與智力有關(guān)的,不用 v-ing形式,而要用不定式。know、realize、hate、love、understand、wonder、remember、forget.(四)過(guò)去分詞用法:過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。(1)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ):Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一我們班開(kāi)展了一次有組織的旅行。(2)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ):The window is broken.窗戶破了。(3)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這首歌被唱了好幾次。(4)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ):分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式,及獨(dú)立成分。分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的,用現(xiàn)在分詞,反之,用過(guò)去分詞。Seen from the top of hill,the city looks beautiful.從山頂上看,這個(gè)城市很美。(方式)Hearing the news,he couldn’t help laughing.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息,他忍不住笑了。(時(shí)間)Given enough time,I can do it better.給我足夠的時(shí)間,我能做得更好。(條件)Being ill,he didn’t go to school.因?yàn)樯。麤](méi)有去上學(xué)。(原因)The glass fell to the ground,breaking into pieces.玻璃杯掉在地上,摔成了碎片。(結(jié)果)Our teacher came in,followed by many students我們的老師進(jìn)來(lái)了,后面跟著很多學(xué)生。(伴隨)Generally speaking,one must be confident.一般來(lái)說(shuō),一個(gè)人必須自信。(獨(dú)立成分)鏈接真題( )1.(2023·安徽職教高考真題)My mother is a hopeful and confident person,always________ the good in others. A.seeing B.seenC.to see D.seeA【試題分析】 本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。【解析】 句意:我的母親是一個(gè)充滿希望和自信的人,總是能看到別人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。分詞作狀語(yǔ),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞see與主句邏輯主語(yǔ)my mother的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的,用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選A。( )2.(2022·安徽職教高考真題)Nowadays more and more foreign students are coming to China________Chinese culture. A.learn B.learnedC.learning D.to learnD【試題分析】 本題考查不定式的用法。【解析】 句意:現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)文化。不定式在這里作目的狀語(yǔ),故選D。( )3.(真題)The ability to make people______you is very important. A.trust B.to trustC.trusted D.trustingA【試題分析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞make的用法。【解析】 句意:讓人們信任你這一能力非常重要。make sb.do sth.這里to省略了,“讓某人做某事”,固定用法,故選A。練一練( )1.(原創(chuàng))It was reported that Japan had decided ________ the radioactive(放射性的) waste-water into the ocean on August 24th,2023. A.release B.releasedC.to release D.releasingC【試題分析】 本題考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)用法。【解析】 句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,日本已經(jīng)決定在2023年8月24日將放射性廢水排放到海洋中。decide to do sth.“決定做某事”,動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),故選C。( )2.It’s very nice of you________ me two tickets to the World Cup. A.get B.to getC.getting D.gotB【試題分析】 本題考查不定式的用法。【解析】 句意:你真好,幫我買了兩張世界杯的門票。nice“好心的”,形容人的品質(zhì),It is+adj.(of sb.) to do…(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)) 做某事是……,在這個(gè)句子中形容詞是描述人的品質(zhì)或?qū)λ鲂袨檫M(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)用of,It作形式主語(yǔ),不定式是真正的主語(yǔ),故選B。( )3.(原創(chuàng))Don’t forget ________an umbrella because it is raining heavily. A.to take B.takenC.take D.takingA【試題分析】 本題考查不定式的用法。【解析】 句意:不要忘記帶傘因?yàn)橛晗碌煤艽?。forget to do sth.“忘記去做某事”(還未做的動(dòng)作),不定式作賓語(yǔ),故選A。( )4.(原創(chuàng))We need to take actions to prevent the ocean ________. A.polluted B.to polluteC.from polluting D.being pollutedD【試題分析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法。【解析】 句意:我們需要采取行動(dòng)防止海洋被污染。prevent…(from) doing “阻止;預(yù)防做某事”;prevent后接動(dòng)名詞,而ocean與pollute之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選D。( )5.We go to the skill training center to practice ________ every afternoon. A.cook B.cookingC.cooked D.to cookB【試題分析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)的用法。【解析】 句意:我們每天下午去實(shí)訓(xùn)中心練習(xí)烹飪。practice doing sth.“練習(xí)做某事”,故選B。( )6.(原創(chuàng))My parents don’t allow me ________in the river. A.to swim B.swimC.swimming D.swimsA【試題分析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)的用法。【解析】 句意:我的父母不允許我下河游泳。allow sb.to do sth.“允許某人做事”,不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),故選A。( )7.(原創(chuàng))______more time,he can complete the task better. A.Give B.GivingC.To give D.GivenD【試題分析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)的用法。【解析】 句意:如果給他更多的時(shí)間,他能更好地完成任務(wù)。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞give與主句主語(yǔ)he之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞,過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ),故選D。( )8.(原創(chuàng))—My English is poor,I don’t know how ________ it well. —Let me help you.A.learn B.to learnC.learned D.learningB【試題分析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)的用法。【解析】 句意:——我的英語(yǔ)很差,我不知道怎樣才能把它學(xué)好?!屛?guī)湍恪R蓡?wèn)詞+不定式,故選B。( )9.The policeman warned the young man________after drinking. A.to drive B.drivesC.driving D.not to driveD【試題分析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)的用法。【解析】 句意:警察警告這個(gè)年輕人喝酒后不要開(kāi)車。warn sb.not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”,故選D。( )10.(原創(chuàng))The boy can’t help________when he hears about the joke. A.laughing B.laughC.to laugh D.laughedA【試題分析】 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)的用法。【解析】 句意:這個(gè)男孩聽(tīng)到這個(gè)笑話時(shí)忍不住笑了起來(lái)。can’t help doing sth.“抑制不住、禁不住做某事”,故選A。 展開(kāi)更多...... 收起↑ 資源預(yù)覽 縮略圖、資源來(lái)源于二一教育資源庫(kù)