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職教英語復習基礎模塊Unit 7 Natural Disasters課件

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職教英語復習基礎模塊Unit 7 Natural Disasters課件

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(共175張PPT)
Unit 7 Natural Disasters
基礎模塊 三
  本單元在職教高考考試中考查的重點是主語從句和表語從句,同時結合句型、短語辨析命制題目,題目難度適中,在一輪復習中要能夠運用所學知識解決本單元的重難點、疑難點、易錯易混點,這些內容將是命題的方向,同時要夯實基礎知識,對于要求掌握的單詞和詞組,一定要搞懂搞透,為提高閱讀能力打下堅實的基礎。
[速記后做詞匯默寫本及時鞏固]
Ⅰ.記重點單詞
1.drought n.干旱  2.flood n.洪水;水災
3.strike v.侵襲;撞擊   4.frequently adv.頻繁地
5.force n.力量     6.pollute v.污染
7.cancel v.取消;撤銷  8.damage v./n.損壞;傷害
9.protect v.保護   10.prevent v.防止;阻止
11.smog n.霧霾    12.loose adj.松的;不牢固的
13.promote v.促進;提升 14.urban adj.城市的
15.discussion n.討論 16.blow v.(風)吹
17.tie v.將……聯結  18.global adj.全球的
19.realize v.認識到   20.definitely adv.確定地
Ⅱ.記重點詞組
1.agree with 同意……的看法  2.every seven or eight years每七八年
3.cut down把……砍倒  4.due to 由于
5.lead to 導致     6.as well as和……一樣好
7.be sure to do一定會去做 8.make a change 作出改變
9.heat waves 熱浪   10.electric car 電動汽車
Ⅲ.記重點句子
1.It seems there have been more floods these years than before.
這些年水災似乎比以前發生得更多了。
2.It’s what we should do right now. And the most important thing is how we can have more people join us.
我們現在的確應該行動起來。而且最重要的是如何讓更多的人加入我們。
3.It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 眾所周知,沙塵暴是由強風吹過松散的土壤或沙子引起的自然現象。
4.It is lucky that humans have realized the importance of sustainable development as well as the environmental protection, and things are getting better.
幸運的是,人類已經意識到可持續發展和環境保護的重要性,情況也正在好轉。
5.The other is China, which leads the world in electric vehicle sales and whose market keeps growing.
另一個是中國,在電動汽車銷售方面目前處于世界領先地位,其市場規模不斷增長。
1.strike vt.& vi.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲;擊打;罷工;打動;突然想起;報時;n.罷工(on strike 在罷工)
【教材原文】Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before.
臺風和洪災更頻繁地來襲,破壞力也比過去更大。
重點單詞
【知識拓展】
(1)v.擊打
The stone struck her on the forehead.石頭砸到了她的前額。
(2)v.突然想起
An awful thought just struck me.一個可怕的念頭閃過我的腦海。
I was struck by her resemblance to my aunt.我突然發現她和我阿姨很像。
It struck me that I can improve my English.我突然發現我的英語還能更進一步。
(3)v.使產生某種想法
His reaction struck me as odd.他的反應讓我感到詫異。
She strikes me as a very efficient person.在我看來她是一個很有效率的人。
(4)v.襲擊
A terrible earthquake struck this area.地震突然襲擊了這個地區。
典例剖析1
(  )An earthquake________ the northeastern United States early on Saturday.
A.happened 
B.occurred
C.struck 
D.fought
  【答案】 C
  【試題分析】 本題考查動詞辨析。
  【解析】 地震襲擊某地或在某地發生:①An earthquake struck the area.②An earthquake happened/occurred in the area.故選C。
變式訓練1
(  )1.(原創)It ________me that the phone number I told them is wrong.
A.strikes B.happens on
C.occurs  D.thinks of
A
【試題分析】 本題考查動詞詞義辨析。
【解析】 It strikes someone that…某人突然想起某事。句意:我突然想起我給她們的電話號碼是錯的,故選A。
(  )2.(原創)The visitors ________by the beauty of the West Lake.
A.impressed B.moved
C.were struck  D.struck
C
【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析和被動語態。
【解析】 impress、move、strike都有感動,打動的意思。句意:游客被西湖的美景所打動??芍绢}同時考查被動語態,C項符合題意,故選C。
2.flood n.洪水、水災
【教材原文】My flight is delayed due to the floods.
我的航班因為水災延誤了。
【知識拓展】
(1)單獨使用時常用復數形式: floods
Floods have become more damaging in Henan Province recently.最近河南洪水災情更嚴重了。
(2)和介詞短語搭配時常用單數:in flood;名詞作定語修飾其他名詞時常用單數:flood damage洪災損害 flood warnings 洪水警報
The river is in flood. 河水泛濫。
Police have issued flood warnings. 警方已經發布了洪災警告。
(3)v.淹沒;大量涌入 be flooded with 充滿
If the pipe bursts, it could flood the whole house. 如果水管破裂整座房子就會被灌滿水。
Refugees continue to flood into neighbouring countries.難民不斷涌入鄰國。
典例剖析2
(  )Heavy rain has caused________ in the central Chinese Province of Henan on Tuesday, ________ the streets of a dozen cities.
A.flood;flooded   B.floods;flooded
C.floods;flooding   D.flood;flooding
  【答案】 C
  【試題分析】 本題考查flood的詞性辨析。
  【解析】 句意:強降水導致華中地區的河南省的洪災,洪水淹沒了很多城市的街道。第一空填名詞作賓語,flood單獨使用,常以復數形式出現;第二空填動詞flood的非謂語形式,flood表示淹沒時,是及物動詞可帶賓語,flooded作非謂語動詞時為過去分詞,不能帶賓語,所以用flooding,故選C。
變式訓練2
(  )(原創)During the ______season, firefighters need to fight ________ and reduce damage.
A.flood;flood  B.floods;floods
C.floods;flood  D.flood;floods
D
【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析。
【解析】 flood、floods 都可以表示洪水、洪災的意思,單獨使用時,一般用floods,放在名詞前作定語時,用單數形式。D項符合題意,故選D。
語境填詞1
用flood的適當形式填空
1.The places of interest are________with people during public holidays.
2.People in that region ____________out of their homes last week.
flooded 
were flooded
【試題分析】 本題考查短語搭配和詞義理解。
【解析】 1.be flooded with 充滿,大量涌入。句意:在節假日各地旅游景點都擠滿了游客。所以填flooded。2.flood用作動詞有“淹沒”的意思,而flood someone out “大水迫使某人離家”。句意:上周洪水迫使那個地區的人們離開家園。所以填were flooded。
3.protect v.保護
【教材原文】If more people work together, it’ll be possible for us to protect our earth and make it a safe and lovely place to live in.
如果更多的人一起努力,我們就可以保護地球,讓它成為一個安全又可愛的居所。
【知識拓展】
(1) protect sb./sth.from (doing) sth.保護某人/某事不受到傷害
Something must be done to protect the environment from being polluted.
必須采取措施保護環境免受污染。
(2)protect (sb./sth.) against/from sth.保護……以防止……
Physical exercise can protect you against heart disease.
體育鍛煉可以預防心臟病。
(3)類似表達prevent…from、stop…from,keep…from短語的意思是“阻止……的發生”
The heavy snow prevented/stopped us (from) going out for sports.大雪阻止了我們外出活動。
I am confident that by doing this we can keep such an incident from happening once more.
我深信,通過做這件事,我們能夠阻止類似事件的再次發生。
(4)詞性拓展protective adj.給予保護的;保護的protection n.保護;防護
典例剖析3
(  )The long and heavy coat can________ you from the wind.
A.prevent     B.protect
C.protest      D.preserve
  【答案】 B
  【試題分析】 本題考查動詞詞義辨析。
  【解析】 句意:這件加長加厚的外套能保護你不被風吹。prevent 阻止;protect 保護;protest 抗議,反對;preserve維持,保持。根據題意B項正確,故選B。
變式訓練3
(  )1.(原創)He wants to know how to protect his child ________harms.
A.to   B.against
C.at    D.off
B
【試題分析】 本題考查短語詞義識別。
【解析】 句意:他想知道怎樣才能讓孩子避免受到傷害,protect someone against something意為“保護某人不受傷害、損失”,故選B。
(  )2.(原創)Many workers and students took to the streets(走上街頭) to ________the wrong decision.
A.prevent     B.protect
C.protest      D.preserve
C
【試題分析】 本題考查短語詞義識別。
【解析】 句意:很多工人和學生走上街頭抗議錯誤的決策,A項prevent“阻止、防止”;B項protect“保護”;C項protest “抗議”;D項preserve“保存、保護”,故選C。
4.promote vt.促進,發揚;提升,升值;促銷
【教材原文】 We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming.
我們正在推廣使用綠色能源,種植更多的樹木,嘗試阻止全球變暖。
【知識拓展】
(1)be promoted to晉升為……
I was promoted to chef editor.我晉升為總編輯。
(2)promote something 宣傳促銷
Taylor Swift continues to promote her new album by doing live performances all over the country.
泰勒·斯威夫特繼續進行全國現場演出來宣傳她的新專輯。
(3)派生:
promotion n.促進;晉升;促銷promoter n.贊助人;發起者
典例剖析4
(  )While waiting for the opportunity to get ________,Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A.to promote  B.promoted
C.being promoted  D.to be promoted
  【答案】 B
  【試題分析】 本題考查動詞短語。
  【解析】 句意:Henry在等待升職的同時,盡力履行好自己的職責。動詞短語:get promoted 升職、升遷。故選B。
變式訓練4
(  )1.(原創)The meeting focuses on ________cooperation between the two counties.
A.promote 
B.to promote
C.how to promote
D.why promote
C
【試題分析】 本題考查短語搭配。
【解析】 focus on“聚焦關注”是動詞+介詞結構,介詞后可接名詞、v-ing形式或疑問詞+to do等結構形式作賓語。根據題意可知:本次會議聚焦怎樣促進提升兩國間的合作,故選C。
(  )2.(原創)The new job is ________for him.
A.promotion    B.a promotion
C.promotions    D.other promotion
B
【試題分析】 本題考查語境中詞義識別。
【解析】 promotion是可數名詞,單數可數名詞應該有限定詞,故排除A項,C項是復數形式,不合題意,故排除,D項other后面一般接復數名詞,故排除D項,B項符合題意。根據題意可知:這份新工作對于他意味著一次升職,故選B。
5.concern n.[C]&[U] 擔心;關愛;關心的事 v.影響;關系到;使擔心
【教材原文】Global concern about natural disasters is probably at an all-time high.
全球對自然災害的擔憂可能達到了歷史最高水平。
【知識拓展】
(1)be concerned with…關心……;與……有關
Do not be over concerned with your weakness.Rather,focus on your strength.
不要關注自己的弱點,盡量把優勢發揮出來,重強避弱!
His coming home late every day concerns his mother very much.
他每天回來都很晚,這令他媽媽非常擔心。
(2)concern about/for 對……表示擔心/憂慮;使(自己)關心……
There is growing concern about violence on television.
人們對電視上充斥暴力內容的憂慮日益加重。
(3)as far as…concerned 就……而言
As far as I’m concerned,this course is taught in Chinese,where you can completely forget your mother tongue and think in Chinese.
就我而言,這門課是中文授課,在這里你可以完全忘記母語,用中文思考。
典例剖析5
(  )Protecting the environment is our common________.
A.concern    B.worry
C.anxiety     D.doubt
  【答案】 A
  【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析。
  【解析】 A項concern“關心的事”;B項worry“擔心”;C項 anxiety“焦慮”;D項 doubt “懷疑”。根據題意:保護環境是我們共同關心的事情。故選A。
變式訓練5
(  )(原創)His mother ________his coming home late.
A.concerns   B.concerned
C.is concerned    D.is concerned with
D
【試題分析】 本題考查短語搭配。
【解析】 something concerns someone 某事讓某人關注,someone is concerned with something某人關注某事。根據題意可知:媽媽非常關注他晚上回來遲這件事,故選D。
語境填詞2
1.Her latest film is concerned ________wild life.
2.We are all concerned ________her safety.
with 
about
【試題分析】 本題考查短語搭配和句意理解。
【解析】 第一句句意:她最新的電影和野生生物有關。be concerned with 和……有關,所以第一空填with。第二句句意:我們都擔心她的安全。be concerned about對……很擔心;因此第二空填about。
6.drive v.駕駛;開車;迫使,驅使 n.驅車旅行;車道;欲望;宣傳活動
【教材原文】Countries around the world have realized the importance of change from a fossil fuel-driven economy to a sustainable and green one.
世界各國已經意識到從化石燃料驅動的經濟向可持續發展與綠色經濟轉變的重要性。
【知識拓展】
(1)drive someone to some place 開車送某人去某地
My father drove me to school yesterday.父親昨天開車送我去上學。
(2)驅動;推動
The machine is driven by electricity.這臺機器用電力驅動。
You’re driving yourself too hard.你把自己弄得太累了。
(3)驅車旅行
Let’s go for a drive.咱們開車去兜兜風吧。
(4)欲望、驅動力
He was dominated by an insatiable drive for fame.他被一種難以滿足的成名欲支配著。
He is a man of great drive.他是一個勁頭十足的人。
典例剖析6
(  )The urge to survive________ them on that night.
A.makes   B.made
C.drives    D.drove
  【答案】 D
  【試題分析】 本題考查動詞時態和詞義辨析。
  【解析】 根據題意:那天晚上求生的欲望驅使他們繼續下去。驅使某人:drive someone,根據句末時間狀語on that night,drive應該用一般過去時。故選D。
變式訓練6
(  )1.(原創)It’s a ________to London.
A.three-hours drive B.three-hour drive
C.three-hour driving D.three-hours driving
B
【試題分析】 本題考查習慣表達。
【解析】 “三小時的車程”英語正確表達:a three hours’ drive 或 a three-hour drive 根據題意:到倫敦需要三個小時的車程,故選B。
(  )2.(原創)He ________a nail into a piece of wood.
A.is tying   B.is driving
C.is protecting   D.is promoting
B
【試題分析】 本題考查動詞短語搭配。
【解析】 drive something into…使……進入,結合句意:他正在往木頭里面釘釘子,故選B。
7.power n.能力;威力;影響力;權利;動力,電力 vt.驅動;推動
【教材原文】The road transport model is also becoming a serious problem: private cars powered by petrol lead to air pollution,traffic jam and noise.
道路交通模式也正成為一個嚴重的問題:以汽油為燃料的私家車會導致空氣污染、交通堵塞和噪聲污染。
【知識拓展】
(1)n.能力;力量;權力
have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力
come to power 上臺;執政(動作)
be in power執政;掌權(狀態)
beyond one’s power力所不能及的
power failure/a power cut 停電
world powers 世界強國
As is known to us,knowledge is power.眾所周知,知識就是力量。
Every storm is an example of the power of nature.每場暴風雨都是大自然威力的例證。
The party came to power at the last election.這個政黨是在上次大選中上臺執政的。
The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.這架飛機由噴氣發動機驅動。
(2)powerful adj.強有力的
加詞綴-ful名詞變形容詞:
power→powerful adj.強大的;有力的
use→useful adj.有用的;有益的
wonder→wonderful adj.精彩的
help→helpful adj.有幫助的
(3)I do believe that encouragement is so powerful that it can change a person.
我的確相信鼓勵的力量是如此強大以至于能夠改變一個人。
典例剖析7
(  )I’m very sorry,it is beyond my________ to finish such a difficult task.
A.powder   B.power
C.strength    D.energy
  【答案】 B
  【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析。
  【解析】 A項powder“粉末”;B項power“權力、能力”;C項 strength“力量”;D項 energy“能量、精力”。根據題意:完成這樣艱巨的任務超出了我的能力。故選B。
變式訓練7
(  )1.(原創)As far as I know,the party ________________ power for two years.
A.is;in  B.was;on
C.has been;in D.had been;on
C
【試題分析】 本題考查動詞短語搭配。
【解析】 be into power執政、掌權,結合題意:據我所知這個黨已經執政兩年了,故選C。
(  )2.(原創)I do believe that encouragement is ________that it can change a person.
A.so powerfully
B.such a power
C.so powerful
D.such powers
C
【試題分析】 本題考查動詞短語搭配。
【解析】 so+adj./adv.+that…;such+n.+that…如此……以至于……,根據空格前的is可知,is 后應接形容詞作表語。句意:我的確相信鼓勵對別人影響是如此之大,以至于可以讓一個人做出改變。因此C項符合題意,故選C。
8.force vt.強迫,迫使 n.暴力,力量;武力 (常用復)軍隊,勢力
【教材原文】Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before.
臺風和洪災更頻繁地來襲,破壞力也比過去更大。
【知識拓展】
(1)vt.強迫,迫使
To force this agreement on the nation is wrong.把這份協定強加給這個國家是錯誤的。
Joe forced a smile,but in fact he was a little disturbed.喬強顏歡笑,但實際上有些不安。
(2)n.暴力,力量;武力;(常用復)軍隊,警隊;勢力
It looked as though the storm had an awful lot of force.看上去暴風雨來勢洶洶。
It was hard for a police officer to make friends outside the force.
警官很難與警隊外面的人交朋友。
(3)詞組短語
by force 靠武力,強行
labor force=work force 勞動力
force one’s way 擠進;闖出;強行通過
by force of 靠……,憑借……
with force有力地,費力地
force sb.to do sth.=force sb.into doing sth.表示迫使某人做某事
典例剖析8
(  )We have to use________ to get into the house.
A.strength   B.force
C.energy    D.forces
  【答案】 B
  【試題分析】 本題考查詞義辨析。
  【解析】 A項strength“力量、力氣”;B項force“武力、暴力”;C項energy “能量、精力”;D項 forces“軍隊、警隊”。根據題意:我們不得不使用暴力強行進入房子。故選B。
變式訓練8
(  )1.(原創)________ can never destroy right.
A.Wrong   B.Force
C.False    D.Strength
B
【試題分析】 本題考查名詞詞義辨析。
【解析】 A項wrong“錯誤的”,B項force“武力、暴力”,C項”虛假的”,D項“力量,力氣”,結合題意:暴力從來都不會打敗正義。故選B。
(  )2.(原創)It is not wise ________the kids’ talent.
A.force   B.to force
C.strengthen    D.to strengthen
【試題分析】 本題考查動詞短語搭配。
【解析】 force someone’s talent,有“用外力培養某人的才能——拔苗助長,故選B。
B 
1.too much “太多;非常,很”
【教材原文】We’ve burned too much coal and oil and badly polluted the environment.
我們燃燒了太多的煤炭和石油,嚴重污染了環境。
重點詞組
【知識拓展】
(1)too much+不可數名詞,表達“太多”;在句尾作副詞,表達“太、非常”。
Don’t drink too much cola.不要喝太多可樂。
My father loves me too much.我的父親太愛我了。
He drank too much beer last night.他昨晚喝了太多的啤酒。
She doesn’t like traveling too much.她不太喜歡旅行。
(2)much too+形容詞/副詞,表達“太”。
She is much too fat now.她現在太胖了。
The young man drives much too fast.這個年輕人開車太快了。
You’re going much too fast,slow down!你開得太快了,慢一點!
The dress is a bit too small for me.這條裙子對我來說有點太小了。
(3)too many+可數名詞復數,表達“太多”。
I have eaten too many sandwiches.我已經吃了太多的三明治。
典例剖析1
(  )You must drive slowly.There is ________snow on the road.
A.too many    B.too much
C.much too   D.many too
  【答案】 B
  【試題分析】 本題考查短語辨析。要區分too much,much too,too many的詞義。
  【解析】 too much+不可數名詞,snow為不可數名詞。故選B。
變式訓練1
(  )1.(改編)—You shouldn’t eat ______meat.Otherwise,it’s bad for your health.
—Thanks.And it will also make me ________fat.
A.much too;too much
B.too much;much too
C.much too;too many
D.too many;much too
B
【試題分析】 本題考查短語辨析。
【解析】 too much+不可數名詞,表達“太多”;在句尾作副詞,表達“太、非?!保籱uch too+形容詞/副詞,表達“太”。第一空你不應該吃太多肉,too much修飾不可數名詞meat,第二空吃太多肉會讓我長胖,much too 修飾形容詞fat。故選B。
(  )2.The old man is________ tired to walk.
A.too many    B.too much
C.much too   D.many too
C
【試題分析】 本題考查短語。
【解析】 too…to…太……而不能。much可以修飾副詞too,所以C項符合題意。故選C。
2.make a change 做出改變
【教材原文】Well,it’s lucky that people have decided to make a change.
幸運的是人類決定做出改變。
【知識拓展】
(1)make a change/changes to 改變……
In order to squeeze out more time,I must make a change to my schedule.
為了節省出更多時間,我對我的計劃做出了一些改變。
You need to make some changes to your essay,for there are quite a few grammatical and structural problems.
你需要修改下你的文章,因為里面含有比較多的語法和結構的問題。
(2)make it成功;做到
I feel strongly that I can make it.我堅信我一定能成功。
Fake it till you make it.一直假裝直到你真正做到。
(3)make a difference 起(重要)作用;有影響;有關系
I can make a difference in this world.世界一定會因我而不同。
Details make the difference.細節決定成敗。
(4)make an effort 做出努力
I should make an effort to learn English!我應該努力學英語!
Everybody should make an effort to reduce pollution.大家都應為減少污染做出努力。
(5)make a choice做出選擇
I got job offers from two companies!Now I need to make a choice.
我得到了兩家公司的工作機會,現在我需要做出選擇。
They said I made a good choice.他們說我做了個很棒的選擇。
典例剖析2
(  )The government are________ to the current job environment to benefit young people fresh out of college.
A.made changes 
B.made differences
C.making changes 
D.making differences
  【答案】 C
  【試題分析】 本題考查短語辨析。
  【解析】 句意:政府正在改變目前的就業環境,以造福剛從大學畢業的年輕人。make changes to改變……。C項合適,故選C。
變式訓練2
(  )(原創)Setting a goal is far from enough,you should ________to yourself,work hard at your goal,then you will ________,and finally make it.
A.make a change;make a difference
B.make a difference;make a change
C.make a choice;make an effort
D.make an effort;make a choice
A
【試題分析】 本題考查動詞短語辨析。
【解析】 make a change “作出改變”,make a difference“起重要作用,有影響”,make a choice“作出選擇”,make an effort“付出努力”。句意:制定目標還遠遠不夠,首先你要改變自己,并為目標而努力奮斗,你的努力肯定會產生影響,最后會成功實現目標。所以A項符合題意,故選A。
3.cut down 切下,砍下;削減
【教材原文】Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, and cutting down trees is another reason largely due to human activities.
專家們認為這個問題與城市的快速發展有著密切的關系,而砍伐樹木則是主要由人類活動造成的另一個原因。
【知識拓展】
(1)cut down 切下,砍下;削減
Trees are very important.We can’t cut them down.
樹非常重要,我們不能砍伐它們。
We’ve already cut down our price to cost level.
已經將價格降到成本費的水平了。
(2)cut up 切碎
Please cut up the ham and green onions finely,then add them to the bread.
請把火腿和青蔥切碎點,然后把它們加到面包上。
(3)cut in 插嘴,打斷別人的話
I’m sorry to cut in on you,but there are two things I don’t understand.
很抱歉打斷你,但有兩件事我不明白。
He always likes to cut in while others are talking.
別人講話時,他總喜歡插嘴。
(4)cut off 切斷
Our phone has been cut off.我們的電話被切斷了。
典例剖析3
(  )My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking,but at least he has ________.
A.cut out       B.cut down
C.cut up        D.cut off
  【答案】 B
  【試題分析】 本題考查動詞短語辨析。
  【解析】 A項cut out“剪下”;B項 cut down“切下,砍下;削減”;C項cut up “切碎”;D項cut off“切斷”。根據題意:我叔叔盡管還沒能戒煙,但至少已經減少了抽煙的量了。故選B。
變式訓練3
(  )1.When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt ________from the world.
A.carried away           B.broken down
C.cut off             D.brought up
C
【試題分析】 本題考查短語辨析。
【解析】 carry away“拿走,搬走;得意忘形”,break down“機器出故障”,bring up “撫養,培養;提出,引起”,cut off“切斷”,句意:孩子們和他們住得很遠,這些老人感覺和世界隔絕了一樣。C項符合題意,故選C。
(  )2.I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _______.
A.cut in        B.cut down
C.cut out       D.cut up
A
【試題分析】 本題考查短語辨析。
【解析】 cut in“插話,打斷”,cut down“砍伐,砍倒”,cut up “切碎”,cut out“剪下”。句意:我和Margaret說話時,Jackson打斷了我們的談話。A項符合題意,故選A。
4.lead to導致
【教材原文】These harmful gases also lead to acid rain,though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires.這些有害氣體也會導致酸雨,盡管一小部分酸雨是由火山噴發或野火燃燒造成的。
【知識拓展】
(1)lead someone to+地點 表示引導某人到哪里;lead to+地點 表示通向哪里。
Our teacher led the children to the museum.
我們的老師把學生引導到博物館。
The path leads to the other side of the forest.
這條路通向森林的那一邊。
(2)lead sb.to sth.(其中的sth.具有行為表示)使得出(觀點)
What led you to this conclusion 你是如何給出這個定論的
(3)lead to something導致,帶來,引起。
His hard work leads to his success.他的努力帶來了他的成功。
This may lead to problems if you are not careful.
如果你不小心,這可能會引發問題。
You find one thing out and it can lead to something else.
你發現了一件事,它可以導致其他事情。
(4)lead sb.to do/lead sb.into doing sth.帶領某人做某事。
All roads lead to Rome.
條條大路通羅馬。
Don’t upset me,or this might lead me to do something I could regret.
不要惹我,否則我會做出我自己都后悔的事情。
典例剖析4
(  )I don’t know what________ think so.
A.lead to  B.led to
C.lead him to  D.led him to
  【答案】 D
  【試題分析】 本題考查短語辨析。
  【解析】 lead to 導致;lead someone to do帶領、引導某人做某事。根據題意:我不知道什么使他這樣想。排除A項和B項,結合時態,應用一般過去時,排除C 項,故選D。
變式訓練4
(  )(原創)Teachers should lead students ____for themselves.
A.think  B.thought
C.to think  D.thinking
C
【試題分析】 本題考查短語辨析。
【解析】 lead someone to do 帶領、引導某人做某事。句意:老師應當引導學生獨立思考。C項符合題意,故選C。
5.as well as 也
【教材原文】It is lucky that humans have realized the importance of sustainable development as well as the environmental protection,and things are getting better.幸運的是,人類已經意識到可持續發展和環境保護的重要性,情況也正在好轉。
【知識拓展】
(1)A as well as B 常被當作表示“比較”的連接詞,用來連接兩個對等的成分,意為“不但……而且;既……又……;不僅……還有……”,語義的重點是 A,相當于not only B but also A,兩者強調的重點剛好倒過來,翻譯的時候一定要注意。
①連接名詞或名詞短語:
She can play tennis as well as basketball.
她既會打籃球,又會打網球。
解析:此句相當于She can play not only basketball but also tennis.
②連接形容詞:
The child is lively as well as healthy.
這孩子既健康又活潑。
解析:此句相當于The child is not only healthy but also lively.
③連接介詞短語:
This publicity cuts both ways.It focuses on us as well as on them.
這種宣傳有利也有弊。它不但關注我們而且關注他們。
解析:此句相當于 It focuses not only on them but also on us.
We have a responsibility to our community as well as to our families.
我們不但對社會而且對家庭都有責任。
解析:此句相當于 We have a responsibility not only to our families but also to our community.
(2)as well as 連接兩個名詞時,謂語的數要和第一個名詞一致,從這個意義上講,as well as 并不是真正意義上的連詞。
John as well as Mary wants to drop the course.
不僅瑪利亞還有約翰也想放棄這門課。
解析:此處 want 的數要跟著第一個主語 John,所以用 wants。
Tom as well as his parents is going to London.
不僅湯姆還有湯姆的父母也打算去倫敦。
解析:此處 be的數要跟著第一個主語 Tom,所以用 is。
(3)as well as被視為復合介詞,后面跟動名詞。
She manages the budget as well as ordering the equipment.
她既負責預算又訂購設備。
(4)as well as“和 ……一樣好”的意思。
She draws as well as she designs clothes.她畫畫和設計衣服一樣好。
典例剖析5
(  )(原創)The principal as well as the teachers________ for the meeting.
A.was called  B.were called
C.was calling   D.were calling
  【答案】 A
  【試題分析】 本題考查主謂一致。
  【解析】 be called to do/for something召喚某人做某事。as well as 連接兩個名詞時,謂語的數要和第一個名詞一致。A項合適,故選A。
變式訓練5
(  )(原創)She draws and designs clothes,which means that she draws as well as ________clothes.
A.designs     B.designing
C.to design    D.design
B
【試題分析】 本題考查短語辨析。
【解析】 as well as 用作連接介詞時,后面常接名詞或v-ing形式,意為“并且,而且”;as well as 翻譯為“和……一樣好”時,引導比較狀語從句,后面接句子。she draws as well as designing “她繪畫并且設計衣服”。she draws as well as she designs clothes “她繪畫和設計衣服都做得很好。”句意:她繪畫并且設計衣服。B項符合題意,故選B。
1.And the most important thing is how we can have more people join us.最重要的是,如何讓更多的人加入我們。
句子結構分析:本句包含句型:使役動詞have+賓語+do。
重點句子
【知識拓展】
使役動詞have+賓語+do
(1)have sb.do sth.,譯為:讓/請某人做某事,do為賓語補足語,表示賓語補足語的動作發生在have之后。
My mom had me go to sleep on time.
我媽媽讓我準時上床睡覺。
解析:主語(My mom)+謂語兼使役動詞 (had)+賓語(me)+賓語補足語,用動詞原形表示go to sleep 發生在had之后(go to sleep)+時間狀語(on time).
(2)have sb./sth.doing sth.,譯為:讓某人/某物處于做某事的狀態,doing為賓語補足語,表示動作一直持續、連續或是反復,該詞組后常接表示一段時間的詞語或詞組。
She always had me laughing when I’m low.
當我(心情)低落時,她總是能讓我大笑。
解析:主語(She)+狀語(always)+謂語兼使役動詞(had)+賓語(me)+賓語補足語,動詞的現在表示(laughing)+時間狀語從句,充當時間狀語(when I’m low)。
(3)have sth.done,有以下三種譯法:
①譯為:讓某事被某人做,常用于修理類、技術活的任務讓別人完成。
I had my car repaired.
我把我的車拿去修理了。
解析:主語(I)+謂語兼使役動詞(had)+賓語(my car)+賓語補足語,表示車子被拿去給別人修理(repaired)。
②譯為:遭遇到某事,遇到的事常常為不好的、不愉快的事情。
I have had my reguest refused.
我的要求被拒絕了。
解析:主語(I)+助動詞(have)+謂語兼使役動詞(had)+賓語(my request)+過去分詞作賓語補足語,表示被拒絕,也表示這是一件不好的事(refused)。
③譯為:處于某種狀態,用該種譯法時,done可以改為adj.或介詞短語,作賓語補足語。
He had his eyes half-closed.
他的眼睛半閉著。
解析:主語(He)+謂語兼使役動詞(had)+賓語(his eyes)+形容詞作賓語補足語,表示he處于half-closed的狀態(half-closed).
Please have your tickets ready.請準備好你的票。
The Emperor had nothing on.這位皇帝什么都沒在做。
典例剖析1
(  )I won’t have you ________the same mistake again.
A.to make B.making
C.made D.make
  【答案】 D
  【試題分析】 本題考查句型辨析。have sb.do sth.;have sb.doing sth.;have sth.done的辨析。
  【解析】 句意:我不會再讓你犯同樣的錯誤。have sb.do sth.“讓某人做某事”have sb.doing sth.,“讓某人一直做某事”,D項合適,故選D。
變式訓練1
(  )1.Who will you have ________with me tomorrow
A.go   B.to go
C.going   D.gone
【試題分析】 本題考查使役動詞have的句型。
【解析】 you have someone do something 你讓某人做某事。本題考查特殊疑問句who will you have do ,是對someone提問。所以A項符合題意。故選A。
A 
(  )2.The old man had his leg ________when he fell off the bike.
A.breaking   B.break
C.to break   D.broken
【試題分析】 本題考查使役動詞have的句型。
【解析】 have something done 在本句中意思是“遭遇到某事,遇到的事常常為不好的、不愉快的事情”。句意:這位老人從自行車上掉下來時,把腿摔壞了。所以D項符合題意,故選D。
D 
(  )3.As citizens,we all have a________ to serve the community.
A.duty   B.map
C.rule   D.license
【試題分析】 本題考查使役動詞have的句型。
【解析】 “have+賓語+不定式”不定式修飾前面的賓語。句意:有做某事的義務、能力。根據句意“作為公民,我們都有義務去為社會服務?!眃uty為職責、義務,map為地圖、定位,rule為規則條例,license為許可證、執照。故選A。
A 
2.…, and cutting down trees is another reason largely due to human activities.
砍伐樹木則是主要由人類活動造成的另一個原因。
句子結構分析:v-ing 形式作主語。
【知識拓展】
(1)動詞的-ing形式可直接置于句首作主語。
Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見。
Collecting stamps is interesting.集郵很有趣。
Learning about a language is easier than using it.
學習有關語言的知識比使用語言容易。
Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family.
被邀請參加晚會是這家人的榮耀。
(2)為了保持句子平衡,通常用先行詞it作形式主語,而把真正的主語放在句末。
It is easy making plans,but it is difficult carrying them.
制定計劃很容易,實行它卻很難。
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水難收。
It’s a waste of time arguing about it.
爭論這事是浪費時間。
(3)必背:動詞的-ing形式作主語的幾個常用句型。
It is/was a waste of time doing sth.做……是浪費時間的
It is/was no good/use doing sth.做……是沒有用處的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing.做……是不值得的
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing sth.做……是值得的
There is/was no point doing sth.做……是無意義的
It’s no good talking to him.
和他談話是沒有用的。
It is useless telephoning him.He is not willing to come.
給他打電話沒用。他不愿意來。
It’s worth making an effort.努力一下是值得的。
There is no saying when it will stop raining.
無法斷定這場雨什么時候會停。
There is no joking about such matters.
這種事開不得玩笑。
典例剖析2
(  )________ ill made me worried.
A.My sister’s   B.My sister’s being
C.My sister’s is    D.My sister’s was
  【答案】 B
  【試題分析】 本題考查v-ing 形式作主語。
  【解析】 句意:我妹妹生病這件事令我很擔心。因此動詞短語be ill作主語,be動詞要用ing形式,B項符合題意,故選B。
仿寫運用1(補全句子)
1.實踐比空想好。
___________ is better than ___________.
2.只學習而不實踐是沒用的。
It is________ good ___________without practice.
Practising 
thinking 
no 
studying
【試題分析】 本題考查v-ing 形式用法。
【解析】 動作作主語,可用v-ing作主語。
3.Today we are growing too fast to remember the importance of sustainable development for both nature and our human world.
如今,我們發展得太快,以至于忘記了可持續發展對自然和人類世界的重要性。
句子結構分析:too…to…太……而不能……
【知識拓展】
(1)too…to…結構的基本形式為“too+形容詞或副詞+to+動詞原形”,其意為“太……以至于不能……”。
He is too shy to speak to her.他太害羞,不敢同她講話。
It’s too cheap to be good.這東西太便宜,好不了(即便宜無好貨)。
(2)有時不定式前可以帶一個由介詞for引出的邏輯主語。
It’s too expensive for her to buy.太貴了,她買不起。
The box is too heavy for the boy to carry.這個箱子太重,這男孩搬不動。
(3)不定式是否帶賓語
在通常情況下,too…to…結構中的不定式可根據其是否及物來確定它是否帶賓語。
He is too tired to go any further.
他太累了,不能再往前走了。(不定式to go不及物,無需帶賓語)
She is too poor to buy such a nice dress.
她太窮,買不起那件漂亮的連衣裙。(不定式to buy后帶有賓語such a nice dress)
但是,若句子主語與其后不定式有動賓關系,那么,其后的及物動詞不定式不能帶賓語。
The nice dress is too expensive for her to buy.這件漂亮的連衣裙太貴了,她買不起。(to buy在此雖為及物動詞,但由于句子主語the nice dress與該不定式to buy有動賓關系,故to buy后不宜再接代詞it作賓語)
注意:若句子主語與其后不定式有動賓關系,且其中的動詞為不及物動詞,此時應注意在其后加適當的介詞。
The room is too dirty to live in.
這房間太臟,不能住。(句末的介詞in不可省略)
(4)與so/such…that結構的轉換
①The box is too heavy for me to carry.這個箱子太重了,我扛不動。
→The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
→It is such a heavy box that I can’t carry it.
②The child is too young to dress himself.這個孩子太小了自己穿不了衣服。
→The child is so young that he can’t dress himself.
→He is such a young child that he can’t dress himself.
(5)與 not…enough to…轉換,但此時要注意把原句型中的形容詞改為相對應的反義詞。
The child is too young to dress himself.這個孩子太小了自己穿不了衣服。
→The child is not old enough to dress himself.
典例剖析3
(  )The room is________ small for them to________.
A.too much;live  B.much too;live
C.too much;live in  D.much too;live in
  【答案】 D
  【試題分析】 本題考查句型為much too…to…太…… 而不能。
  【解析】 句意:這個房間著實太小,他們住不下??芍湫?much too…to…中為加強語氣,much修飾副詞too,主語the room和不定式之間是邏輯上的動賓關系:live in the room,所以live后要加介詞in,故選D。
仿寫運用2(將下列句子改為同義句)
1.The bag is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
→The bag is ________heavy________ _______ _______carry.
→The bag is not ________ ________for me to carry.
2.The maths problem isn’t easy enough for me to work out.
→The maths problem is ________difficult ________I can’t work it out.
→The maths problem is ________difficult ________ ________ ________work out.
3.He is old enough to go to school.
→He is _______ _______that _______ _______go to school.
too 
for
me
to 
light
enough 
so 
that 
too 
for
me
to 
so
old
he
can
【試題分析】 本題考查句型轉換。
【解析】 1.句意:包太重了,我搬不動。2.這道數學題很難,我計算不出來。3.他夠上學的年齡了。
4.Two countries are leading the way when it comes to electric cars and hybrids.
在電動汽車和混合動力汽車領域,有兩個國家目前處于領先地位。
句子結構分析:when it comes to…
【知識拓展】
(1)when it comes to sth.說到某事
When it comes to music,I’m a complete layman.
我在音樂方面完全是個門外漢。
When it comes to friends,I desire those who will share my happiness.
說到朋友,我渴望那些和我一起分享快樂的人。
(2)when it comes to (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面
When it comes to going abroad,views vary from person to person.
一提到出國,不同的人有不同的看法。
I highly recommend the Great Wall as a must-see attraction when it comes to visiting Beijing.
提到去北京參觀,我強烈推薦的一個必看景點就是長城。
(3)作插入語,放于其他句子之后。
Although she excels in swimming,when it comes to badminton,she is not so good.
她雖然很擅長游泳,但若換作羽毛球,她就沒那么厲害了。
(4)類似表達:in terms of…/as far as…is concerned 就……而言
They have found that,in terms of both salary and career success,the sky is the limit.
他們發現,就收入和事業成功來講,多高都有可能的。
As far as I’m concerned,I don’t mind that you wear this mini-skirt.
就我個人而言,我不介意你穿這件迷你裙。
The coat is fine as far as color is concerned,but it is not very good quality.
這件上衣就顏色來說還不錯,但質量不太好。
典例剖析4
(  )When it comes to ________pets,different students have different opinions.
A.raise  B.raising
C.rise  D.rising
  【答案】 B
  【試題分析】 本題考查when it comes to+n./doing。
  【解析】 句意:說到飼養寵物,不同的孩子有不同的看法。when it comes to+n./doing,故排除A項和C項。raise有飼養的意思,故選B。
變式訓練2
(  )(2023·安徽職教高考真題)Schools can never________ take the place of the role of the parent when it comes to education.
A.totally  B.clearly
C.luckily  D.secretly
A
【試題分析】 本題考查when it comes to句型。
【解析】 本題可根據語義進行解答。當談到教育,學校方面永遠不能完全取代父母的角色。totally為完全地、全部地。clearly為清楚地、清晰地。luckily為幸運地。secretly為秘密地。故選A。
仿寫運用3(補全句子)
1.就錢而言,應該沒有什么問題
As far as money ________ __________,there shouldn’t be a problem.
2.我覺得你想什么時候回家都可以。
As far as________ concerned,you can come home ___________ you like.
is 
concerned 
I’m
whenever
【試題分析】 本題考查句型為:就……而言。
【解析】 句型“就……而言”:as far as someone/something is/was concerned。
5.One is Norway, where more than half of the new cars sold fall into these categories.The other is China, which leads the world in electric vehicle sales and whose market keeps growing.
其中一個是挪威,在那里售出的新車有一半以上屬于這些類別。另一個是中國,在電動汽車銷售方面目前處于世界領先地位,其市場不斷增長。
句子結構分析:one…the other
【知識拓展】
(1)one…the other…“一個……另一個……”
He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a farmer.
他有兩個兒子,一個是工人,另一個是農民。
(2)some…others/other+pl…一些……另一些……(沒有一定的范圍)
Some students are playing basketball,others are running.
一些學生在打籃球,另一些學生在跑步。(還有一些學生沒有提到)
(3)some…the others/the other+pl…一些……余下的(全部)……(有一定的范圍)
Some students are playing basketball,the others are running.
一些學生在打籃球,余下的在跑步。(學生只分成了這兩部分)
典例剖析5
(  )Lily and her sister look the same.I can’t tell one from ________.
A.other  B.another
C.the other  D.others
  【答案】 C
  【試題分析】 本題考查不定代詞 other,another,others,the other辨析。
  【解析】 句意:Lily和她妹妹看上去外貌一樣,我無法把她倆區分開來。兩者中的一個……另一個:one…the other,故選C。
仿寫運用4(補全句子)
我們班有48個學生,一些學習努力,其余的學生不努力。
There are 48 students in our class,________ work hard,but ________ ________students don’t.
There are 48 students in our class,________ work hard,but ________ ________don’t.
some 
the 
other 
some 
the 
others
【試題分析】 本題考查有關other的句型。
【解析】 當我們把某一個群體分成兩部分進行描述時,可以用一些人……,其余的人……描述。some…the other+復數名詞=some…the others
主語從句和表語從句
定義:主語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞從句,在復合句中充當主語成分的句子叫作主語從句;在復合句中充當表語成分的句子叫作表語從句。
構成:關聯詞+簡單句
用法:
(一)主語從句
1.引導連詞分類
(1)從屬連詞:that、if、whether.
That he is still alive is a wonder.他還活著,真是個奇跡。
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.
他是否會來這里還不清楚。
(2)連接代詞:who、whoever、whom、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever.
Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
現在還沒有決定誰會成為我們的班長。
What she did is not yet known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome.
不論誰來都歡迎。
(3)連接副詞:when、where、how、why、whenever、wherever、however.
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
這是怎樣發生的,誰也不清楚。
Wherever you are is my home—my only home.
你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。
2.主語從句能用it作形式主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有:
It+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely。
(1)It+be+certain(probable,etc.)+that從句。
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.
很可能他把一切都告訴她了。
(2)It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that從句。
It’s a pity that we can’t go.
很遺憾我們不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.
我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。
(3)It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that從句。
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.
據說格林先生已經到北京了。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
據報道中國又成功地發射了一顆人造地球衛星。
(4)It+seem(happen等不及物動詞及短語)+that從句。
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不來參加晚會。
It happened that I was out that day.
碰巧我那天外出了。
(5)It doesn’t matter(makes no difference,etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如:
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
她是否來這無關緊要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
我們在哪里開會毫無區別。
3.注意連接代詞whoever,whatever,whichever等引導主語從句的含義。
Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)
來的人將受到歡迎。
Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)
他所做的事情是正確的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)
你們當中不論哪個進來將會得獎。
(二)表語從句
1.常見引導詞分類
(1)that引導的表語從句
①that 在從句中僅起連接作用,無實際意義,在句中不做任何成分,不能省略。
My opinion is that it’s getting better and better.
②在表“建議,勸說,命令” 的名詞idea,suggestion,request,proposal后面的表語從句中,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
(2)whether 在表語從句中表“是否”,但不充當句子成分。if不能引導表語從句。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
(3)what 在表語從句中充當主語、賓語或表語,表示什么,什么樣子,或所……的(人或事)。
The question is what caused the accident.
(4)who 在表語從句中充當主語、賓語或表語,表示“誰”。
The problem is who could do the work.
(5)which 在引導表語從句時,常充當定語,表語。表示“哪一個,哪一些”。
I read about it in some book or another,but what I don’t know is which (book) it is.
(6)當表語從句中主語、賓語、表語具備,但還是要表示疑問含義,可以判斷句子中缺少狀語,常常用相應的特殊疑問詞引導,有why,when,where,how 等。
This is how he did it.
That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.
That’s why we’ve given you the letter.
2.連詞because可引導表語從句。
I think it is because you are doing too much.
我想這是因為你做得太多了。
【注意】當主句的主語為reason, 與它們相關的表語從句用 that 來引導,而不能由 because 引導。because 引導表語從句時只能用于It/That/This is/was because…句型中。
The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.
I was late.It/That/This was because I missed the train.
3.由as if, as though引導表語從句,表示“好像”。句子中的系動詞常用be, look, appear, seem, sound等。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.(虛擬語氣)
練一練
(  )1.(原創)________ the survey tells us is ______we should have regular physical activity.
A.It;that B.What;that
C.As;that D.As;what
B
【試題分析】 本題考查主語從句和表語從句。
【解析】 句意:這個調查告訴我們的是我們要經常進行身體鍛煉。主語從句謂語動詞tell缺一指物的賓語,因此第一空應填what,表語從句結構完整,沒有疑問語義,所以填that。故選B。
(  )2.(原創)She is not good at getting well on others.That is________she feels depressed every day.
A.why        B.whether
C.because  D.when
A
【試題分析】 本題考查表語從句的引導詞。
【解析】 句意:她不擅長和別人相處,那就是她每天心情沮喪的原因。That is why…那就是……的原因;that is because…那是因為……,故選A。
(  )3.(原創)It matters most in learning English ______you should have enough practice.
A.what      B.why
C.that      D.which
C
【試題分析】 本題考查主語從句的引導詞。
【解析】 根據句意 it 作形式主語,that引導主語從句,故選C。
(  )4.—It seems ______you like to work with children.
—Yes,they are so lovely.
A.that    B.what
C.why     D.how
A
【試題分析】 本題考查主語從句連詞的用法。
【解析】 句意:——你似乎喜歡和孩子們一起工作。——是的,他們是如此可愛。it是形式主語,謂語動詞seem后引導主語從句,從句成分齊全,故使用引導詞that,構成句型it seems that…“似乎……”。故選A。
(  )5.________ is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to save people from dying of the outbreak of disease.
A.Which    B.It
C.That      D.What
D
【試題分析】 本題考查主語從句。
【解析】 句意:眾所周知,中國政府不遺余力地拯救人民,使他們免于因疾病暴發而死亡。根據句意理解及句子結構分析可知,本句主語是“________is known to us all”,系動詞是is,后面是that引導的從句作is的表語,而主語從句中缺少的是主語,所以應該用what引導,而that引導主語從句時不做句子成分,所以排除;it只能作形式主語,不能引導從句,所以排除;which引導主語從句時,一般在從句中作定語,而句子缺的是主語,所以排除,故選D。
(  )6.________ comes in must keep quiet.
A.Whatever   B.Whenever
C.However       D.Whoever
D
【試題分析】 本題考查主語從句的引導詞。
【解析】 句意:無論誰進來,都必須保持安靜。whatever無論何事;無論什么;whenever無論何時;however無論怎樣;whoever無論誰。結合句意…must keep quiet可知,應該指人保持安靜。故選D。
(  )7.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.________ I got wet through.
A.It’s the reason     B.That’s why
C.There’s why   D.It’s how
B
【試題分析】 本題考查表語從句的用法。
【解析】 句意:我既沒有雨衣也沒有雨傘。這就是為什么我全身濕透了的原因。分析句子可知,前后是因果關系,排除選項D;A選項中the reason是先行詞,關系詞選用why,不可省略,排除;B選項That’s why=It was the reason why。That’s why意為“這就是為什么發生某事的原因”,這是表示原因的表語從句很常用的一種句型。故選B。
(  )8.________ your father wants to know is ________getting on with your studies.
A.What;how are you
B.That;how you are
C.How;that you are
D.What;how you are
D
【試題分析】 本題考查主語從句和表語從句。
【解析】 句意:你父親想知道的是你學習進展如何。“…your father wants to know”是主語從句,缺少動詞know的賓語,故用代詞what,故排除B、C兩項;“…getting on with your studies”是表語從句,應用陳述語序,故排除A項中“how are you”的疑問語序。故選D。
(  )9.What ______at seven yesterday morning is still unknown.
A.is she doing  B.was she doing
C.she is doing   D.she was doing
D
【試題分析】 本題考查主語從句的語序和時態。
【解析】 句意:昨天早晨七點她在做的事情還沒有被弄清楚。結合語境可知本句描述的是過去某時正在進行的動作,故用過去進行時態,從句應該用陳述語序,故選D。
(  )10.(2023·安徽職教高考真題)The best thing about the website is that the design is simple,________ makes it easy to use.
A.who    B.that
C.as    D.which
D
【試題分析】 本題考查非限制性定語從句。
【解析】 句意:這個網站最好的特色是設計簡單,這使得它用起來很簡單。which指代“設計簡單這件事”,D項正確,故選D。

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