資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.The restaurant enjoys a worldwide 　　　　　　（聲譽） because of its delicious food and excellent service.
2.As we all know， 　　　　　　（鉆石） is considered to be one of the most precious stones in the world.
3.Tom sang the verses and everybody joined in 　　　　　　（合唱曲）.
4.The number of participants has risen to more than two 　　　　　　（一打）.
5.Can you give a more 　　　　　　（精確的） definition of the word？
6.When he came out of the water， he was 　　　　（發抖） with cold.
7.In my opinion，bringing cellphones to campus should be b　　　　　　.
8.The country successfully l　　　　　　 104 satellites in a single space mission to explore the space.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.The furniture managed to combine practicality with 　　　　　　（elegant）.
2.He brought to the job not just considerable experience but 　　　　　　（passion） enthusiasm.
3.It is difficult to know 　　　　　　（precise） how much impact the changes will have.
4.He was accused of 　　　　　　（knowing） making a false statement to the police.
5.I 　　　　　　（thorough） approve of what the government is doing.
6.When the little girl was asked such a 　　　　　question，she stood there with a 　　　　　　look on her face.（puzzle）
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.It is our parents who 　　　　　　　　（支持） us all the time even if all others reject us.
2.These days littering are common， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（對環境造成嚴重危害）.
3.The city has 　　　　　　　　（許多） new millionaires， Asia’s biggest building， and fancy new hotels.
4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（對……感到迷惑不解） why his books are so popular worldwide.
5.If the disease is prevented or cured， the gene becomes 　　　　　　　　（……的目標） treatment.
6.He 　　　　　　　　（被看作） the most suitable man to do this work.
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （雖然他學習努力）， he didn’t pass the exam.
8.The soldier climbed to the top of the mountain at last， 　　　　　　　　　　（又餓又累）.
維度四：課文語法填空
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962.Carson wrote the book 1.　　　　　　 （aim） to alert people to the damaging effects of human activity 2.　　　　　　 natural ecosystems.And she wished to see pesticides 3.　　　　　　 （use） in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.The book contained a lot of scientific research， examples and so on，4.　　　　　　showed how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.The arguments were strong and the writing was 5.　　　　　　 （elegance） and influential.However， the book was not received positively by everyone.It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry， who said that Carson’s research was not precise.Carson appeared in public and on television 6.　　　　　　 （defend） her claims.
Carson’s message was very 7.　　　　　　 （alarm） and its influence was immediate and far-reaching.The use of DDT 8.　　　　　　 （ban） and the EPA was established in the US.The book was considered as 9.　　　　　　 milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.It earned Carson a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10.　　　　　　 （aware） of protecting natural ecosystem.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·四川自貢高二上期末）New York — like Philadelphia， Baltimore and Washington — sits underneath the “Atlantic Flyway”， an ancient migration route travelled by millions of birds， every spring and autumn.Up to a quarter of a million of them die crashing into windows in New York every year， according to New York City Audubon， the bird charity that organizes Project Flight Safe.Birds confuse reflections of sky or plants for the real thing and fly straight for them.
　　In 2021， however， new laws came into force in New York requiring all new buildings and restoration work to be made bird-friendly.It is the strictest such laws in America.The case of the Jacob K.Javits Convention Centre in west Manhattan is a good example.It used to be a top bird-killer， but after swapping its glasses for bird-friendly glass， strikes dropped by 90%.The centre has now fully embraced bird life.Its green roof is home to a breeding seagull group， and as of 18 October， 62 different species have been spotted there.
　　At night， artificial light draws birds into the city， where they are more likely to crash.Some studies suggest birds can fail to tell direction because artificial light prevents them from sensing the Earth’s magnetic （磁的） field effectively.Last year the city passed a law that requires all city owned and managed buildings to switch their lights off at night during birds’ migration seasons.The law will extend the requirement to privately owned commercial buildings next year.Though exceptions would be allowed for landmarks such as the Empire State and the Chrysler Building， the change would still transform the world’s most famous skyline.
　　Jessica Wilson of NYC Audubon says that would be a good thing for birds， energy consumption and people.New York is on track to become the most bird-friendly big city in America.
1.What is responsible for bird crashes in New York？（　　）
A.Glass reflections.
B.The attraction of sunlight.
C.New York’s unique climate.
D.Birds’ confused sense of balance.
2.What can we know about the Jacob K.Javits Convention Centre？ （　　）
A.It has reduced birds’ death by 90%.
B.It was painted green to attract birds.
C.It was the first to put new laws into force.
D.It has developed into a bird-friendly place.
3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A.Birds’ talent for telling directions.
B.Distinctive landmarks in New York.
C.Results of applying bird-protection laws.
D.Efforts to protect birds from crashing at night.
4.What does Jessica Wilson think of the law issued last year？（　　）
A.Energy-consuming. B.Promising.
C.Eye-catching. D.Annoying.
B
　　We’re often reminded of the importance of protecting the planet as we see it for future generations — and children at St Oswald’s Primary School in Chester certainly agree.
Nine-year-old Isohel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take notes. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference， but if everyone does a little bit， it all adds up，” she says.“We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.”
Mr Timms， Isohel’s teacher， has been leading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise public awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class， which is made up of nine-year-old and ten-year-old pupils， has been busy writing poems and creating online videos to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr Timms thinks children play an important role in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children，” he says.“It is really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic and to recycle more， and even stopping them from using plastic straws.”
Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that they would like to send to the world is simple： Stopping this isn’t someone else’s job， and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
5.What does Isohel Kelleher mean in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.People shouldn’t eat fish any more.
B.Adults have done their part pretty well.
C.Everyone can do something to stop pollution.
D.Plastic pollution is already too serious to be solved.
6.What can be inferred from Mr Timms’ words in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.The project has already proved effective.
B.Some parents are angry with the project.
C.Children are good at looking after adults.
D.Adults ought to learn little from their kids.
7.What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to？（　　）
A.Using plastic straws.
B.Plastic pollution.
C.Protecting the planet.
D.The Hummingbirds class.
C
　　The Department of Energy（DOE） is dealing with a tough research problem that has troubled experts for more than a decade： developing a low-cost alternative to the present jet fuel.
　　The search began around 2010， originally pushed by the concerns about the country’s reliance on imported oil.More recently，airlines have raised the question themselves.There are potential restrictions on the amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners and a lack of an electricity-fueled replacement for their heavy planes.
　　Researchers at DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory （NREL） are taking a fresh look at a promising family of new and plentiful raw materials： food wastes and urban used water containing human manure （糞肥）.
　　“Everyone is beginning to see the potential of taking these organic materials that we normally have sent to landfills or wastewater treatment plants，” said Derek Vardon，a senior research engineer at NREL.Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link their chain-like structures together.The result is a liquid fuel，Vardon explained，one that has seven times the energy of methane — the major component of natural gas.That’s needed to get a heavy airliner off the ground.
　　Other researchers are also sensing the potential of rich and low-carbon resources that could be developed by working with wastewater treatment plants.One of them is Jianping Yu，the main researcher of a separate NREL project that is exploring how to remove major and troublesome water pollutants from conventional wastewater treatment processes.His idea is to feed the pollutants to algae （海藻） in the wastewater plants and then sell the algae as a product that can be made into commercial fertilizers.Yu’s idea is to collect and develop special algae， so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed wastewater.Growing more powerful algae， he points out， will also be a way to remove more CO2 from the air.The outcome is that it could reduce the amount of energy needed to run wastewater plants.“That’s the goal.Our main motivation is future environmental requirements，” Yu said.
8.Why are the airlines anxious to find a new kind of jet fuel？（　　）
A.Their planes are heavier than before.
B.They need to cut costs of electrical energy.
C.Their oil fuel harms the environment.
D.They want to rely less on imported oil.
9.What can we learn about the liquid fuel according to Vardon？（　　）
A.It has as much energy as natural gas.
B.It can be changed into fatty acids.
C.It’s born out of organic wastes.
D.It’s similar to natural gas in structure.
10.What role does algae play in Jianping Yu’s idea？（　　）
A.Producing green fuel.
B.Cleaning processed wastewater.
C.Making commercial fertilizers.
D.Absorbing wastewater.
11.What does the text mainly tell us？（　　）
A.Developing new fuel is quite necessary for airlines.
B.Researchers find a way of environmental protection.
C.Wastewater plants are a very useful source of new energy.
D.Search for clean jet fuel leads scientists to wastewater plants.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Plants are intelligent.It sounds like a fable.However， science is beginning to think so.In 2013， The New Yorker published an article that set the plant science world on fire， forever changing the way both the public and researchers looking at and studying the plant kingdom.The “Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of.12.（　　） But fast forward to 2022， there were now dozens of research papers and hours of video prepared and published by plant biologists discussing so many facts of plant intelligence.13.（　　）
　　Communication：A lot of evidence suggests that plants， trees in particular， can communicate with one another.14.（　　） It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.The idea of plants forming such a relationship to interact is considered as an evolutionary outcome.
　　Learning：15.（　　） What if plants can learn from experiences like the dogs？The scientists designed experiments， whose goal was to prove whether plants could learn， an idea that seemed impossible.Ultimately， they succeeded in not only their experiments， but also in proving that plants can actually learn.
　　Memory：As research and experiments continue into the plant memory， people can’t help but ask the question “How can something without a brain have memories？” Studies have determined that plants can indeed learn and create memories.16.（　　）
　　Figuring out the “plant brain” question is the logical next step.As more research comes in， it seems that plant intelligence is a very real possibility.
A.Can plants be taught？
B.The plant biology community launched a campaign.
C.This communication occurs through underground networks.
D.It makes no sense to research plant communication methods.
E.They can display their memory recall through learned response.
F.The following behavioral characteristics are from the experiments.
G.Therefore， the plant biology community claimed it was completely baseless.
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　你校英文報正在舉辦主題為Observing Nature的征文活動。請你寫一篇英語短文投稿，內容包括：
1.你的觀察；
2.你的感悟。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.reputation　2.diamond　3.chorus　4.dozen　5.precise　6.trembling　7.banned　8.launched
維度二
1.elegance　2.passionate　3.precisely　4.knowingly
5.thoroughly　6.puzzling； puzzled
維度三
1.stand by
2.causing serious harm to the environment
3.dozens of
4.am puzzled about
5.a target for
6.is regarded as
7.Hard as/though he worked
8.hungry and tired
維度四
1.aiming　2.on　3.used　4.which　5.elegant　6.to defend
7.alarming　8.was banned　9.a　10.awareness
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了紐約市為保護鳥類和減少能源消耗所采取的一系列措施，包括實施新的法律和規定、推廣使用鳥類友好的建筑材料、關閉夜間照明等。
1.A　細節理解題。根據第一段最后兩句可知，每年有多達25萬只鳥在紐約撞到窗戶上死亡，是因為鳥類把天空或植物的反射誤認為是真實的，并直接向它們飛去。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后三句可知，Jacob K.Javits Convention Centre已經發展成為一個鳥類友好的地方。
3.D　段落大意題。根據第三段內容可知，第三段主要講述的是該市為了保護鳥類不在夜間墜毀，要求所有城市擁有和管理的建筑物在鳥類遷徙季節的晚上關掉燈。
4.B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，Jessica Wilson認為去年頒布的法律是非常好的，有發展前景。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一所學校的蜂鳥班舉行環保活動，呼吁人們正視嚴峻的環境問題。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第二段中的but if everyone does a little bit， it all adds up可知，Isohel Kelleher認為每個人都可以采取一點措施阻止污染。
6.A　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的It is really hard to believe ... them from using plastic straws.可知，孩子們所做的事情對家長產生了影響。由此可推測，這個項目已經證明是有效的。
7.B　代詞指代題。根據第二段中的We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.可知，蜂鳥班的孩子所做的事情是在應對塑料污染，因此他們想要向全世界傳遞的信息是，阻止塑料污染不是別人的事情。由此推知，此處this指代的是塑料污染。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了能源部專家與廢水處理廠合作開發清潔航空燃料。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后一句可知，噴氣式客機的二氧化碳排放量可能會受到限制，重型飛機也缺乏電力燃料替代品。由此可推知，為了環保航空公司急于尋找一種新的航空燃料。
9.C　推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可知，Vardon認為液體燃料來自我們通常送往垃圾填埋場或廢水處理廠的有機垃圾，例如糞便和食物垃圾。由此可知，根據Vardon的說法，液體燃料是從有機垃圾中產生的。
10.B　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的Yu’s idea is to collect and develop special algae， so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed wastewater.可知，余建平的想法是利用特殊的藻類去除處理過的廢水中的污染物。
11.D　主旨大意題。文章第一段提出，能源部正在處理一個棘手的研究問題，這一問題困擾了專家十多年：開發一種替代現有航空燃料的低成本替代品。最后一段第一句指出，其他研究人員也感受到了與廢水處理廠合作開發豐富低碳資源的潛力。由此可知，文章主要告訴我們對清潔航空燃料的探尋將科學家帶到廢水處理廠。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了智慧植物及其特征。
12.G　G項中的completely baseless與空前一句中的previously unheard of相匹配，故G項符合語境。
13.F　下文列舉了智慧植物的三個行為特征。F項 （這些實驗得出了以下行為特征）引起下文，符合語境。
14.C　C項中的This communication與上文的communicate with one another相呼應；C項中的underground networks與下文中的the Internet相呼應。故C項符合語境。
15.A　根據空前的Learning和下文中的learn from experiences以及whether plants could learn可知，A項（植物可以被訓練嗎？）符合本段主旨，與下句銜接緊密，由兩個問句引出本段話題。
16.E　本段講的是植物有記憶。E項與記憶有關，且E項中的memory與上句的memories是原詞復現，They指代上句中的plants。
Ⅲ.
A moment in nature
　　Once， as I sat beneath the shelter of a tree， the world around me burst into a glorious display.Birds sang melodiously， butterflies danced in flowers， and a gentle breeze whispered through the trees.It was a symphony of sights and sounds， which left me amazed.
　　At that moment， I realized the profound wisdom that nature holds.Simply spending a moment appreciating nature’s wonders can be a soul-cleansing experience.Nature offers us so many things from which we can find harmony within ourselves and with the world around us.
1 / 6Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness①.The birds， for example — where had they gone？[1]Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.The few birds seen anywhere were moribund； they trembled② violently and could not fly.It was a spring without voices.On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus③ of robins， catbirds， doves， jays， wrens， and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound； only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
　　[1]puzzled and disturbed為形容詞短語作狀語。
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession④， but these lines from the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring， “A Fable for Tomorrow”， show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without birds， she aimed to alert⑤ not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems — in particular⑥， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as DDT.She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly⑦ causing harm to⑧ plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored⑨ way.
Carson urged⑩ people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies.The book details the gypsy moth eradication programme， which killed birds， in addition to gypsy moths.Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows， but not fire ants.[2]The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.[3]The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources， showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
　　[2]that引導定語從句；they were originally designed to solve為定語從句，省略了關系代詞that或which。
[3]how引導賓語從句。
　　Carson’s message was very alarming ， causing a great increase in environmental awareness.Its impact was immediate and far-reaching ： the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） was established in the US.Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp.
Silent Spring was not， however， received positively by everyone.[4]Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist.Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims — and today， more than 50 years after it was published， the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
　　[4]Though引導讓步狀語從句；who引導定語從句。
Personally ， I enjoy Carson’s book.She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people.[5]This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.Her book not only changed the world； half a century later [6]it remains a book that deserves to be reread today， so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message.[7]For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning， one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.
　　[5]not ...but ...連接并列的表語；though引導讓步狀語從句，此處為倒裝句。
[6]that引導定語從句；so that引導目的狀語從句。
[7]unless引導條件狀語從句。
【讀文清障】
①stillness n.安靜，靜止
still adj.靜止的
②tremble v.顫抖，發抖
③chorus n.合唱曲
④by profession職業上
⑤alert v.提醒，使（某人）意識到
alert ...to 使意識到，使認識到
⑥in particular尤其，特別
particularly adv.尤其，特別
⑦knowingly adv.故意地
⑧cause harm to對……造成傷害
⑨monitor v.監督，監視
⑩urge v.敦促；催促
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
detail v.詳細說明 n.細節
eradication n.消滅
originally adv.最初地，原來地
be designed to 旨在，設計用于
thorough adj.仔細的；縝密的
thoroughly adv.徹底，完全；縝密地
precise adj.精確的；一絲不茍的
precisely adv.精確地
alarming adj.令人驚恐的，令人恐慌的
alarm n.驚恐，驚慌；警報
v.使驚恐，使害怕
far-reaching adj.影響深遠的
ban v.禁止，取締 n.禁令
ban ...from ... 禁止……做……
place/put/impose a ban on
頒布對……的禁令
milestone n.里程碑，重要事件
launch n.推出，發起
posthumous adj.死后獲得的
become a target for
成為……的目標
critic n.批評家
criticize v.批評
criticism n.批評，批判
marine adj.海洋的
rather than而不是
emotional adj.情緒的
attempt to ……的努力/嘗試
reputation n.名譽，名望
remain determined to do sth 仍然決心做某事
stand by支持
personally adv.就本人而言
crucial adj.關鍵的，至關重要的
elegance n.優美；簡潔
elegant adj.優美的；簡潔的
passionate adj.具有強烈信念的
passion n.激情，強烈情感
passion for 對……的熱情，對……的激情
【參考譯文】
寂靜的春天
“一片古怪的寂靜籠罩著這里。小鳥都飛到哪里去了？許多人談論著，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的飼養站已經被遺棄，為數不多的幾只鳥也奄奄一息；它們渾身打戰，無法飛翔。這是一個寂靜的春天。原本喧鬧的清晨，再也沒有了知更鳥、北美貓鳥、鴿子、松鴉、鷦鷯的奏鳴曲以及其他小鳥的鳴叫聲：只留下一片寂靜，籠罩在田野、樹林和沼澤的上空。”
蕾切爾·卡森本是一位科學家，但是1962年，她在《寂靜的春天》一書的開篇章節“明天的寓言”中的這段描寫，展現了她作為作家的天賦。通過想象一個沒有鳥兒的世界，她想要警告科學界，提醒公眾，人類活動已經對自然界生態系統造成了破壞性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之類的殺蟲劑給自然界帶來了嚴重的危害。她認為化學工業正在明目張膽地對動植物，甚至對人類本身造成傷害，她希望人們在使用殺蟲劑時能夠更加負責、節制，并且嚴加監管。
卡森督促人們認清事實，并且為此做出努力。《寂靜的春天》中含有大量的科學研究和真實案例。在滅除舞毒蛾項目這一案例中，她細致講述了人們在消滅舞毒蛾的同時，也殺死了鳥類；另一個案例則是在開展消滅火蟻計劃時，人們殺死的是奶牛，而非火蟻。書中還講了幾十個其他滅除計劃的案例，都未能像預期那樣解決問題。這本書最后的五十幾頁列出了卡森的資料來源，顯示出她作為一名科學家的周密和嚴謹。
卡森所述的事實讓人們十分擔憂，大大提升了人們保護環境的意識。這本書的效果立竿見影，并且影響深遠：DDT被禁用；環境保護署也在美國成立。《寂靜的春天》因此被視為西方發起綠色運動的里程碑。這使卡森在去世后獲得了“總統自由勛章”的榮譽，美國17美分的郵票上也印上了她的頭像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂靜的春天》。雖然卡森的研究很有說服力，而且得到多數審閱過這本書的科學家的支持，但是這本書很快成了殺蟲劑行業批判的對象。他們說卡森并不理解她論證背后的科學原理，因為她是一位海洋生物學家，而非化學家。還有一些人說她的作品過于情感化，科學性并不強。他們想要通過破壞卡森的名聲來削減她的作品對公共政策的影響，但卡森仍然堅持自己的研究，在公眾面前、在電視節目中捍衛自己的觀點。時至今日，《寂靜的春天》已經出版五十多年了，但它的影響力依舊深遠綿長。
　　而我個人也十分喜歡卡森的書。她把一個至關重要但十分復雜的問題用簡單有趣的方式傳達給了數百萬人。這并不都是因為她書中高質量的論點是多么強有力，而是因為她美麗和高雅的文筆讓讀者喜歡。她的書不僅在當時改變了世界，就是在半個世紀后的今天，它仍然值得人們重新閱讀，以感受她充滿感情的文字帶給我們如火焰般的溫暖。因為如果我們不聽從卡森的勸告，可能有一天在我們醒來之后，真的會面對一個古怪而又相當恐怖的寂靜的春天。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did many people get puzzled and disturbed？（　　）
A.Because they didn’t speak of birds again.
B.Because the feeding stations were destroyed.
C.Because birds’ voices were unusual.
D.Because most birds were gone.
2.What does Rachel Carson think of the use of pesticides？（　　）
A.The use of pesticides should be totally banned.
B.The use of pesticides does little harm to human.
C.Pesticides should be used in a more reasonable way.
D.Pesticides should be widely used in plants and animals.
3.What caused a great increase in the awareness of protecting the environment？（　　）
A.Carson’s scientific research.
B.The fire-ant program.
C.The green movement.
D.Some gypsy moths.
4.What is the author’s attitude to Carson’s book？（　　）
A.Critical.　　　　　B.Indifferent.
C.Supportive. D.Unfavourable.
第三步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is the significance of the book Silent Spring on today’s environmental awareness and green movement？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Is Rachel Carson’s opinion in Silent Spring still relevant today？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析難句表達升級
1.She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.
句式分析 句中that引導　　　　從句，第二個and連接并列謂語　　　　　　和　　　　　　；see pesticides ...way為“see＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.
句式分析 句中Though引導　　　　　　從句，從句中又包含一個who引導的　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
ban v.（banned， banned， banning） 禁止，取締 n.禁令
【教材原句】　Now banned in many countries， it is still used in some for malaria control.
（殺蟲劑）現在在許多國家已經被禁止，但在一些國家仍然用于控制瘧疾。
【用法】
（1）ban sb from （doing） sth禁止某人（做）某事
（2）a ban on 對……的禁令
lift/remove a ban （on） 解除（對……的）禁令
impose/put/place a ban （on） 頒布（對……的）禁令
【佳句】　In my opinion， taking cellphones with the students should not be banned， but should be limited to certain areas.
依我看來，學生帶手機不應該被禁止，但應該被限制在某些區域內。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①To develop the habit of saving food， everyone is banned 　　　　　　littering everywhere and wasting food.
②The president supports a total ban 　　　　cigarette advertising.
【寫美】　補全句子
③In this country， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for people under the age of 18.
在這個國家，禁止18歲以下的人吸煙。
alert v.提醒，使（某人）意識到n.警惕，戒備adj.警覺的，警惕的
【教材原句】　By imagining a world without birds， she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems — in particular， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as DDT.
通過想象一個沒有鳥兒的世界，她想要警告科學界，提醒公眾，人類活動已經對自然界生態系統造成了破壞性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之類的殺蟲劑給自然界帶來了嚴重的危害。
【用法】
（1）alert sb to sth 　使某人意識到/注意到某事
（2）on the alert for 密切注意……；提防……
（3）be alert to sth 意識到/注意到某事
（4）alertly adv. 警惕地，警覺地
【佳句】　The villagers alerted the travellers to the wolves and other wild animals which might come out in the night.
村民們提醒旅行者注意夜間可能出現的狼和其他野獸。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Climbers need to be alert 　　　　　　the possible dangers of bad weather.
②A poster campaign was launched last week to alert people 　　　　　　the disease.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
③The public were warned to be watching carefully for suspicious packages.
→The public were warned to be 　　　　　　for suspicious packages.
cause harm to 對……造成傷害
【教材原句】　She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.她認為化學工業正在明目張膽地對動植物，甚至對人類本身造成傷害，她希望人們在使用殺蟲劑時能夠更加負責、節制，并且嚴加監管。
【用法】
（1）harm v.& n.　　　　　傷害，損害
do harm to 傷害，損害
harm sb/sth 傷害某人/某物
（2）harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 對……有害
（3）harmless adj. 無害的
be harmless to 對……無害
【佳句】　Urban environmental pollution mainly caused great harm to human health.
城市環境污染主要對人類健康造成極大危害。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①She thought the bug was 　　　　　　（harm）， but later she found out that it could cause some minor problems.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
②However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the screen is harmful to our eyes.
→However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the screen 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（harm n.）
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
【教材原句】　Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.卡森督促人們認清事實，并且為此做出努力。
【用法】
（1）urge v.敦促；催促n.強烈的欲望；沖動
urge that sb （should） do sth　敦促某人（應該）做某事
the urge to do sth 做某事的強烈欲望
（2）urgent adj. 緊急的，迫切的
in urgent need of 迫切需要
It is urgent that ... ……是迫切的（從句謂語用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略）
（3）urgency n. 緊急
【佳句】　I urge that all of us （should） form the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time.我主張大家養成獨立思考、及時復習功課的習慣。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①With the aid of some warm-hearted people，I perfectly solved the 　　　　　　（urge） matter.
②Action must be taken to deal with the 　　　　　　（urge） as soon as possible.
③Parents should actively urge their children 　　　　　　　（take） advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.
【寫美】　補全句子
④It is urgent that government and experts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
迫切需要政府和專家采取措施解決這些問題。
be designed to do sth 旨在/被設計用于做某事
【教材原句】　The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.
書中還講了幾十個其他滅除計劃的案例，都未能像預期那樣解決問題。
【用法】
（1）design ...for ...　 　為……而設計……
be designed for sb/sth 為某人/某物而設計
（2）by design 有意地，故意地
（3）designer n. 設計者
【佳句】　Paper cuttings of special designs are put up to celebrate the Spring Festival.
特殊圖案的剪紙被張貼來慶祝春節。
【聯想】　by design的同義短語為on purpose，反義短語為by accident。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①What annoyed the teacher was that this student frequently lied to him 　　　　　　design.
【寫美】　補全句子
②Many columns of the English newspaper Youth 　　　　　　　　　　　　senior high school students and they 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　our campus life.
英文報Youth中的許多專欄是專門為高中生設計的，旨在豐富我們的校園生活。
a target for ……的目標
【教材原句】　Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.
雖然卡森的研究很有說服力，而且得到多數審閱過這本書的科學家的支持，但是這本書很快成了殺蟲劑行業批判的對象。
【用法】
（1）target n.　　　　目標；對象
reach one’s target 達到某人的目標
target language 目標語言，對象語言
（2）target v.把……作為攻擊目標，把……作為批評對象；面向……，把……對準（某群體）
be targeted at 瞄準，針對……
【佳句】　His war record became a target for his enemies.
他的參戰經歷成了他的敵人攻擊的目標。
【助記】　Our course is targeted at English beginners.They can reach their targets in six months.我們的課程針對英語初學者。他們能在六個月內達到他們的目標。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The new policy has become a target 　　　　　　　　criticism， attracting widespread attention.
②The advertisement campaign is 　　　　　　　　　（target） at attracting the younger generation.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Finally， being polite is highly recommended， which can protect you from 　　　　　　　　a cyberbully.
最后，禮貌是強烈推薦的，這可以保護你避免成為網絡欺凌的目標。
reputation n.名譽，名望，名聲
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained determined to stand by her research.
他們想要通過破壞卡森的名聲來削減她的作品對公共政策的影響，但卡森仍然堅持自己的研究。
【用法】
have a reputation for　　以……著稱
earn/establish/build a reputation 贏得/確立/樹立聲譽
live up to one’s reputation 名副其實
enjoy a good reputation 享有很好的聲譽
damage/ruin one’s reputation 有損/毀壞某人的名聲
【佳句】　This school enjoys a good reputation in my hometown.
這所學校在我的家鄉享有很好的聲譽。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The company has a worldwide reputation 　　　　　　quality of design.
②She has won 　　　　　　good reputation for her contribution to medicine.
③His reputation 　　　　　　（ruin） when he was caught cheating people of large fortune.
【寫美】　補全句子
④Sima Qian 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　as one of the cultural elites.
司馬遷是名副其實的文化精英之一。
remain determined to do sth 仍然決心做某事
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained determined to stand by her research.
他們想要通過破壞卡森的名聲來削減她的作品對公共政策的影響，但卡森仍然堅持自己的研究。
【用法】
（1）determined adj.　　　　堅決的，堅定的
be determined to do sth 決心/決定做某事
（2）determine v. 決定，確定
determine to do sth 下定決心做某事
（3）determination n. 決心
with determination 堅定地
【佳句】　There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them.
這個地方有數不清的潛水點，拉里決心去參觀所有這些地方。
【點津】　be determined to do sth表示狀態，常考查determined to do sth在句中作狀語，有類似用法的還有be lost in， be caught in， be absorbed in等。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Write a poem about how courage， 　　　　（determine）， and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
②　　　　　　　　 （determine） to carry out the plan in time， they will make careful preparations.
【寫美】　一句多譯　
③不知道在什么動機的驅使下，他決定寫一本書。
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（determine v.）
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（determined adj.）
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：形容詞短語作狀語
【教材原句】　Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.
許多人談論著，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
【用法】
句中puzzled and disturbed為形容詞短語作狀語。形容詞（短語）作狀語的用法如下：
（1）結構：可以是單個形容詞，也可以是形容詞短語，一般要用逗號將其和句子的其他部分分開。
（2）位置：通常位于句子主語前或句子主語后，有時位于句末。
（3）作用：一般用于說明主語的狀態，可表示原因、結果、伴隨狀況等。
【品悟】　Excited and overjoyed， the children rushed to the front.
孩子們跑到了前面，既激動又欣喜。
【點津】　如果修飾句子的謂語動詞或整個句子，則用副詞作狀語。
【寫美】　微寫作
①想弄清楚里面是什么，我打開了那張小紙條。
　　　　　　　　　　　 what was inside， I unfolded the tiny note.
②累得喘不過氣來，我們到達山頂，并欣賞了美麗的景色。（動作描寫）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we reached the top of the mountain and enjoyed the beautiful views.
③為了及時趕到那里，我在路上加快了車速，生怕給顧客留下不好的印象。（日常活動）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I speeded up my car on the way to get there in time.
句型公式：though引導的倒裝讓步狀語從句
【教材原句】　This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.
這并不都是因為她書中高質量的論點是多么強有力，而是因為她美麗和高雅的文筆讓讀者喜歡。
【用法】
句中strong though they are是由though引導的倒裝句， 作表語的strong提到了句首。though引導的倒裝句也可以是正常語序，其中的though也可以使用as， 但是as引導的倒裝句必須使用倒裝語序。as/though引導讓步狀語從句倒裝的用法： 名詞/形容詞/副詞/動詞原形＋as/though＋主語＋動詞
【品悟】　Much tired though he was， he still worked late into the night.
雖然他很累，但他仍然工作到深夜。
【點津】　（1）該倒裝結構中，句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
（2）句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
【寫美】　微寫作
①盡管他可能會嘗試，但還是不能自己解決問題。
　　　　　　　　　　， he couldn’t solve the problem himself.
②盡管他們做了很大努力，他們卻沒法讓她改變主意。
　　　　　　　　　　　　， they couldn’t make her change her mind.
③那條項鏈雖然很漂亮，但我們認為價格太高。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we thought it was over-priced.
④雖然他是個孩子，但他知道做什么是正確的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he knew what was the right thing to do.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.1962　2.natural ecosystems　3.more responsible， limited and carefully monitored　4.case studies　5.beautiful and elegant　6.The pesticide industry　7.precise　8.defend her claims　9.banned　10.Presidential Medal of Freedom
11.environmental awareness
第二步
1－4　DCAC
第三步
1.Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions， pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now， they say， or pay the price.
2.The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals （Carson focuses on birds） and humans.
In these days， the political debate about climate change is fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.
第四步
1.賓語　believed　wished
她認為化學工業正在明目張膽地對動植物，甚至對人類本身造成傷害，她希望人們在使用殺蟲劑時能夠更加負責、節制，并且嚴加監管。
2.讓步狀語　定語
雖然卡森的研究很有說服力，而且得到多數審閱過這本書的科學家的支持，但是這本書很快成了殺蟲劑行業批判的對象。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①from　②on　③there is a ban on smoking
2.①to　②to　③on the alert
3.①harmless　②does harm to our eyes
4.①urgent　②urgency　③to take　④（should） take measures to solve these problems
5.①by　②are specially designed for； are designed to enrich
6.①for　②targeted　③being a target for
7.①for　②a　③was ruined　④lived up to his reputation
8.①determination　②Determined　③determines to write a book； is determined to write a book
重點句型解構
1.①Curious to find out　②Tired and breathless　③Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
2.①Try as/though he might　②Hard as/though they tried　③Beautiful as/though the necklace was　④Child as/though he was
11 / 12(共125張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖語篇
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness①.The birds， for example — where had
they gone？[1]Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.The
feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.The few birds seen
anywhere were moribund； they trembled② violently and could not fly.It
was a spring without voices.On the mornings that had once throbbed with
the dawn chorus③ of robins， catbirds， doves， jays， wrens， and
scores of other bird voices there was now no sound； only silence lay over
the fields and woods and marsh.
　　[1]puzzled and disturbed為形容詞短語作狀語。
【讀文清障】
①stillness n.安靜，靜止
still adj.靜止的
②tremble v.顫抖，發抖
③chorus n.合唱曲
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession④， but these lines from
the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring， “A Fable for
Tomorrow”， show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without
birds， she aimed to alert⑤ not only the scientific community but also the
general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural
ecosystems — in particular⑥， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as
DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly⑦ causing
harm to⑧ plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see
pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored⑨
way.
Carson urged⑩ people to make themselves aware of the facts and do
something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific
research and case studies.The book details the gypsy moth eradication
programme， which killed birds， in addition to gypsy moths.Another
case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows， but not fire
ants.[2]The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication
programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally
designed to solve.[3]The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list
Carson’s sources， showing how thorough and precise she was as a
scientist.
　　[2]that引導定語從句；they were originally designed to solve為定
語從句，省略了關系代詞that或which。
[3]how引導賓語從句。
④by profession職業上
⑤alert v.提醒，使（某人）意識到
alert ...to 使意識到，使認識到
⑥in particular尤其，特別
particularly adv.尤其，特別
⑦knowingly adv.故意地
⑧cause harm to對……造成傷害
⑨monitor v.監督，監視
⑩urge v.敦促；催促
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
detail v.詳細說明 n.細節
eradication n.消滅
originally adv.最初地，原來地
be designed to 旨在，設計用于
thorough adj.仔細的；縝密的
thoroughly adv.徹底，完全；縝密地
precise adj.精確的；一絲不茍的
precisely adv.精確地
　　Carson’s message was very alarming ， causing a great increase in
environmental awareness.Its impact was immediate and far-reaching ：
the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency
（EPA） was established in the US. Silent Spring was therefore regarded
as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western
world.It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of
Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp.
Silent Spring was not， however， received positively by
everyone.[4]Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported
by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a
target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson did not
understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine
biologist rather than a chemist.Some also said that her work was more
emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carson’s
reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she
remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in
public and on television to defend her claims — and today， more than 50
years after it was published， the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud
and clear.
　　[4]Though引導讓步狀語從句；who引導定語從句。
alarming adj.令人驚恐的，令人恐慌的
alarm n.驚恐，驚慌；警報
v.使驚恐，使害怕
far-reaching adj.影響深遠的
ban v.禁止，取締 n.禁令
ban ...from ... 禁止……做……
place/put/impose a ban on 頒布對……的禁令
milestone n.里程碑，重要事件
launch n.推出，發起
posthumous adj.死后獲得的
become a target for 成為……的目標
critic n.批評家
criticize v.批評
criticism n.批評，批判
marine adj.海洋的
rather than而不是
emotional adj.情緒的
attempt to ……的努力/嘗試
reputation n.名譽，名望
remain determined to do sth 仍然決心做某事
stand by支持
Personally ， I enjoy Carson’s book.She made a crucial but
potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to
millions of people.[5]This is not so much because of the quality of her
arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and
elegance of her writing.Her book not only changed the world； half a
century later [6]it remains a book that deserves to be reread today， so
that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate
message.[7]For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning， one
day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent
spring.
　　[5]not ...but ...連接并列的表語；though引導讓步狀語從句，
此處為倒裝句。
[6]that引導定語從句；so that引導目的狀語從句。
[7]unless引導條件狀語從句。
personally adv.就本人而言
crucial adj.關鍵的，至關重要的
elegance n.優美；簡潔
elegant adj.優美的；簡潔的
passionate adj.具有強烈信念的
passion n.激情，強烈情感
passion for 對……的熱情，對……的激情
【參考譯文】
寂靜的春天
“一片古怪的寂靜籠罩著這里。小鳥都飛到哪里去了？許多人
談論著，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的飼養站已經被遺棄，為數不多
的幾只鳥也奄奄一息；它們渾身打戰，無法飛翔。這是一個寂靜的春
天。原本喧鬧的清晨，再也沒有了知更鳥、北美貓鳥、鴿子、松鴉、
鷦鷯的奏鳴曲以及其他小鳥的鳴叫聲：只留下一片寂靜，籠罩在田
野、樹林和沼澤的上空。”
蕾切爾·卡森本是一位科學家，但是1962年，她在《寂靜的春
天》一書的開篇章節“明天的寓言”中的這段描寫，展現了她作為作
家的天賦。通過想象一個沒有鳥兒的世界，她想要警告科學界，提醒
公眾，人類活動已經對自然界生態系統造成了破壞性的后果，尤其是
使用DDT之類的殺蟲劑給自然界帶來了嚴重的危害。她認為化學工業
正在明目張膽地對動植物，甚至對人類本身造成傷害，她希望人們在
使用殺蟲劑時能夠更加負責、節制，并且嚴加監管。
卡森督促人們認清事實，并且為此做出努力。《寂靜的春天》
中含有大量的科學研究和真實案例。在滅除舞毒蛾項目這一案例中，
她細致講述了人們在消滅舞毒蛾的同時，也殺死了鳥類；另一個案例
則是在開展消滅火蟻計劃時，人們殺死的是奶牛，而非火蟻。書中還
講了幾十個其他滅除計劃的案例，都未能像預期那樣解決問題。這本
書最后的五十幾頁列出了卡森的資料來源，顯示出她作為一名科學家
的周密和嚴謹。
卡森所述的事實讓人們十分擔憂，大大提升了人們保護環境的
意識。這本書的效果立竿見影，并且影響深遠：DDT被禁用；環境保
護署也在美國成立。《寂靜的春天》因此被視為西方發起綠色運動的
里程碑。這使卡森在去世后獲得了“總統自由勛章”的榮譽，美國17
美分的郵票上也印上了她的頭像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂靜的春天》。雖然卡森的研究很有
說服力，而且得到多數審閱過這本書的科學家的支持，但是這本書很
快成了殺蟲劑行業批判的對象。他們說卡森并不理解她論證背后的科
學原理，因為她是一位海洋生物學家，而非化學家。還有一些人說她
的作品過于情感化，科學性并不強。他們想要通過破壞卡森的名聲來
削減她的作品對公共政策的影響，但卡森仍然堅持自己的研究，在公
眾面前、在電視節目中捍衛自己的觀點。時至今日，《寂靜的春天》
已經出版五十多年了，但它的影響力依舊深遠綿長。
而我個人也十分喜歡卡森的書。她把一個至關重要但十分復雜
的問題用簡單有趣的方式傳達給了數百萬人。這并不都是因為她書中
高質量的論點是多么強有力，而是因為她美麗和高雅的文筆讓讀者喜
歡。她的書不僅在當時改變了世界，就是在半個世紀后的今天，它仍
然值得人們重新閱讀，以感受她充滿感情的文字帶給我們如火焰般的
溫暖。因為如果我們不聽從卡森的勸告，可能有一天在我們醒來之
后，真的會面對一個古怪而又相當恐怖的寂靜的春天。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly
and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Why did many people get puzzled and disturbed？（　　）
A. Because they didn’t speak of birds again.
B. Because the feeding stations were destroyed.
C. Because birds’ voices were unusual.
D. Because most birds were gone.
2. What does Rachel Carson think of the use of pesticides？（　　）
A. The use of pesticides should be totally banned.
B. The use of pesticides does little harm to human.
C. Pesticides should be used in a more reasonable way.
D. Pesticides should be widely used in plants and animals.
3. What caused a great increase in the awareness of protecting the
environment？（　　）
A. Carson’s scientific research.
B. The fire-ant program.
C. The green movement.
D. Some gypsy moths.
4. What is the author’s attitude to Carson’s book？（　　）
A. Critical. B. Indifferent.
C. Supportive. D. Unfavourable.
第三步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What is the significance of the book Silent Spring on today’s
environmental awareness and green movement？





　Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many
silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions，
pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too
late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now，
they say， or pay the price.　
2. Is Rachel Carson’s opinion in Silent Spring still relevant today？





　The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence
to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides
seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is
interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals
（Carson focuses on birds） and humans.　




　In these days， the political debate about climate change is
fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus
among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the
world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.　
第四步：析難句表達升級
1. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to
plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used
in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.
句式分析 句中that引導 從句，第二個and連接并列謂
語 和 ；see pesticides ...way為“see＋賓語
＋賓語補足語”結構。
自主翻譯


賓語　
believed　
wished　
她認為化學工業正在明目張膽地對動植物，甚至對人
類本身造成傷害，她希望人們在使用殺蟲劑時能夠更加負責、節
制，并且嚴加監管。　
2. Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most
scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target
for critics in the pesticide industry.
句式分析 句中Though引導 從句，從句中又包含一個
who引導的 從句。
自主翻譯


讓步狀語　
定語　
雖然卡森的研究很有說服力，而且得到多數審閱過
這本書的科學家的支持，但是這本書很快成了殺蟲劑行業批判
的對象。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
ban v.（banned， banned， banning） 禁止，取締 n.禁令
【教材原句】　Now banned in many countries， it is still used in some
for malaria control.
（殺蟲劑）現在在許多國家已經被禁止，但在一些國家仍然用于控制
瘧疾。
【用法】
（1）ban sb from （doing） sth　　禁止某人（做）某事
（2）a ban on　　對……的禁令
lift/remove a ban （on）　　解除（對……的）禁令
impose/put/place a ban （on）　　頒布（對……的）禁令
【佳句】　In my opinion， taking cellphones with the students should
not be banned， but should be limited to certain areas.依我看來，學生
帶手機不應該被禁止，但應該被限制在某些區域內。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①To develop the habit of saving food， everyone is banned
littering everywhere and wasting food.
②The president supports a total ban cigarette advertising.
from　
on　
【寫美】　補全句子
③In this country， for people under the
age of 18.
在這個國家，禁止18歲以下的人吸煙。
there is a ban on smoking　
alert v.提醒，使（某人）意識到n.警惕，戒備adj.警覺的，警惕的
【教材原句】　By imagining a world without birds， she aimed to alert
not only the scientific community but also the general public to the
damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems — in
particular， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as DDT.
通過想象一個沒有鳥兒的世界，她想要警告科學界，提醒公眾，人類
活動已經對自然界生態系統造成了破壞性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之
類的殺蟲劑給自然界帶來了嚴重的危害。
【用法】
（1）alert sb to sth 　　使某人意識到/注意到某事
（2）on the alert for　　密切注意……；提防……
（3）be alert to sth　　意識到/注意到某事
（4）alertly adv.　　警惕地，警覺地
【佳句】　The villagers alerted the travellers to the wolves and other
wild animals which might come out in the night.
村民們提醒旅行者注意夜間可能出現的狼和其他野獸。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Climbers need to be alert the possible dangers of bad weather.
②A poster campaign was launched last week to alert people the
disease.
to　
to　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
③The public were warned to be watching carefully for suspicious
packages.
→The public were warned to be for suspicious packages.
on the alert　
cause harm to 對……造成傷害
【教材原句】　She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly
causing harm to plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see
pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored
way.
她認為化學工業正在明目張膽地對動植物，甚至對人類本身造成
傷害，她希望人們在使用殺蟲劑時能夠更加負責、節制，并且嚴
加監管。
【用法】
（1）harm v.& n.　　傷害，損害
do harm to　　傷害，損害
harm sb/sth　　傷害某人/某物
（2）harmful adj.　　有害的
be harmful to　　對……有害
（3）harmless adj.　　無害的
be harmless to　　對……無害
【佳句】　Urban environmental pollution mainly caused great harm to
human health.
城市環境污染主要對人類健康造成極大危害。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①She thought the bug was （harm）， but later she found
out that it could cause some minor problems.
harmless　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
②However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the
screen is harmful to our eyes.
→However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the
screen .（harm n.）
does harm to our eyes　
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
【教材原句】　Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the
facts and do something about the situation.
卡森督促人們認清事實，并且為此做出努力。
【用法】
（1）urge v.敦促；催促n.強烈的欲望；沖動
urge that sb （should） do sth　　敦促某人（應該）做某事
the urge to do sth　　做某事的強烈欲望
（2）urgent adj.　　緊急的，迫切的
in urgent need of　　迫切需要
It is urgent that ... ……是迫切的（從句謂語用“should＋動詞原
形”，should可以省略）
（3）urgency n.　　緊急
【佳句】　I urge that all of us （should） form the habit of thinking
independently and going over lessons in time.
我主張大家養成獨立思考、及時復習功課的習慣。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①With the aid of some warm-hearted people，I perfectly solved
the （urge） matter.
②Action must be taken to deal with the （urge） as soon as
possible.
③Parents should actively urge their children （take）
advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.
urgent　
urgency　
to take　
【寫美】　補全句子
④It is urgent that government and experts
.
迫切需要政府和專家采取措施解決這些問題。
（should） take measures to
solve these problems　
be designed to do sth 旨在/被設計用于做某事
【教材原句】　The book also gives dozens of other examples of
eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were
originally designed to solve.
書中還講了幾十個其他滅除計劃的案例，都未能像預期那樣解決
問題。
【用法】
（1）design ...for ...　 　為……而設計……
be designed for sb/sth　　為某人/某物而設計
（2）by design　　有意地，故意地
（3）designer n.　　設計者
【佳句】　Paper cuttings of special designs are put up to celebrate the
Spring Festival.
特殊圖案的剪紙被張貼來慶祝春節。
【聯想】　by design的同義短語為on purpose，反義短語為by
accident。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①What annoyed the teacher was that this student frequently lied to
him design.
by　
【寫美】　補全句子
②Many columns of the English newspaper Youth
senior high school students and they our
campus life.
英文報Youth中的許多專欄是專門為高中生設計的，旨在豐富我們的校
園生活。
are specially designed
for　
are designed to enrich　
a target for ……的目標
【教材原句】　Though Carson’s research was strong and was
supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly
became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.雖然卡森的研究很有
說服力，而且得到多數審閱過這本書的科學家的支持，但是這本書很
快成了殺蟲劑行業批判的對象。
【用法】
（1）target n.　　目標；對象
reach one’s target　　達到某人的目標
target language　　目標語言，對象語言
（2）target v.把……作為攻擊目標，把……作為批評對象；面
向……，把……對準（某群體）
be targeted at 　　瞄準，針對……
【佳句】　His war record became a target for his enemies.
他的參戰經歷成了他的敵人攻擊的目標。
【助記】　Our course is targeted at English beginners.They can reach
their targets in six months.我們的課程針對英語初學者。他們能在六
個月內達到他們的目標。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The new policy has become a target criticism， attracting
widespread attention.
②The advertisement campaign is （target） at attracting the
younger generation.
for　
targeted　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Finally， being polite is highly recommended， which can protect you
from a cyberbully.
最后，禮貌是強烈推薦的，這可以保護你避免成為網絡欺凌的目標。
being a target for　
reputation n.名譽，名望，名聲
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation
and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained
determined to stand by her research.
他們想要通過破壞卡森的名聲來削減她的作品對公共政策的影響，但
卡森仍然堅持自己的研究。
【用法】
have a reputation for　　以……著稱
earn/establish/build a reputation　　贏得/確立/樹立聲譽
live up to one’s reputation　　名副其實
enjoy a good reputation　　享有很好的聲譽
damage/ruin one’s reputation　　有損/毀壞某人的名聲
【佳句】　This school enjoys a good reputation in my hometown.
這所學校在我的家鄉享有很好的聲譽。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The company has a worldwide reputation quality of design.
②She has won good reputation for her contribution to medicine.
③His reputation （ruin） when he was caught cheating
people of large fortune.
for　
a　
was ruined　
【寫美】　補全句子
④Sima Qian as one of the cultural elites.
司馬遷是名副其實的文化精英之一。
lived up to his reputation　
remain determined to do sth 仍然決心做某事
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and
stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained
determined to stand by her research.
他們想要通過破壞卡森的名聲來削減她的作品對公共政策的影響，但
卡森仍然堅持自己的研究。
【用法】
（1）determined adj.　　堅決的，堅定的
be determined to do sth　　決心/決定做某事
（2）determine v.　　決定，確定
determine to do sth　　下定決心做某事
（3）determination n.　　決心
with determination　　堅定地
【佳句】　There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was
determined to visit all of them.
這個地方有數不清的潛水點，拉里決心去參觀所有這些地方。
【點津】　be determined to do sth表示狀態，常考查determined to do
sth在句中作狀語，有類似用法的還有be lost in， be caught in， be
absorbed in等。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Write a poem about how courage，
（determine）， and strength have helped you face challenges in your
life.
② （determine） to carry out the plan in time， they will
make careful preparations.
determination　
Determined　
【寫美】　一句多譯　
③不知道在什么動機的驅使下，他決定寫一本書。
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he
.（determine v.）
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he
.（determined adj.）
determines to write a
book　
is determined to write a
book　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：形容詞短語作狀語
【教材原句】　Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.
許多人談論著，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
【用法】
句中puzzled and disturbed為形容詞短語作狀語。形容詞（短語）作狀
語的用法如下：
（1）結構：可以是單個形容詞，也可以是形容詞短語，一般要用逗
號將其和句子的其他部分分開。
（2）位置：通常位于句子主語前或句子主語后，有時位于句末。
（3）作用：一般用于說明主語的狀態，可表示原因、結果、伴隨狀
況等。
【品悟】　Excited and overjoyed， the children rushed to the front.孩
子們跑到了前面，既激動又欣喜。
【點津】　如果修飾句子的謂語動詞或整個句子，則用副詞作狀語。
【寫美】　微寫作
①想弄清楚里面是什么，我打開了那張小紙條。
what was inside， I unfolded the tiny note.
②累得喘不過氣來，我們到達山頂，并欣賞了美麗的景色。（動
作描寫）
， we reached the top of the mountain and
enjoyed the beautiful views.
Curious to find out　
Tired and breathless　
③為了及時趕到那里，我在路上加快了車速，生怕給顧客留下不好的
印象。（日常活動）
， I speeded
up my car on the way to get there in time.
Worried about making a bad impression on the customer　
句型公式：though引導的倒裝讓步狀語從句
【教材原句】　This is not so much because of the quality of her
arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and
elegance of her writing.
這并不都是因為她書中高質量的論點是多么強有力，而是因為她美麗
和高雅的文筆讓讀者喜歡。
【用法】
句中strong though they are是由though引導的倒裝句， 作表語的strong
提到了句首。though引導的倒裝句也可以是正常語序，其中的though
也可以使用as， 但是as引導的倒裝句必須使用倒裝語序。as/though引
導讓步狀語從句倒裝的用法： 名詞/形容詞/副詞/動詞原形＋
as/though＋主語＋動詞
【品悟】　Much tired though he was， he still worked late into the
night.
雖然他很累，但他仍然工作到深夜。
【點津】　（1）該倒裝結構中，句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
（2）句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓
語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
【寫美】　微寫作
①盡管他可能會嘗試，但還是不能自己解決問題。
， he couldn’t solve the problem himself.
②盡管他們做了很大努力，他們卻沒法讓她改變主意。
， they couldn’t make her change her
mind.
③那條項鏈雖然很漂亮，但我們認為價格太高。
， we thought it was over-
priced.
④雖然他是個孩子，但他知道做什么是正確的。
， he knew what was the right thing to do.
Try as/though he might　
Hard as/though they tried　
Beautiful as/though the necklace was　
Child as/though he was　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. The restaurant enjoys a worldwide （聲譽） because of
its delicious food and excellent service.
2. As we all know， （鉆石） is considered to be one of
the most precious stones in the world.
3. Tom sang the verses and everybody joined in （合唱曲）.
reputation　
diamond　
chorus　
4. The number of participants has risen to more than two （一
打）.
5. Can you give a more （精確的） definition of the word？
6. When he came out of the water， he was （發抖） with
cold.
7. In my opinion，bringing cellphones to campus should be b .
8. The country successfully l 104 satellites in a single space
mission to explore the space.
dozen　
precise　
trembling　
anned　
aunched　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. The furniture managed to combine practicality with
（elegant）.
2. He brought to the job not just considerable experience
but （passion） enthusiasm.
3. It is difficult to know （precise） how much impact the
changes will have.
4. He was accused of （knowing） making a false
statement to the police.
elegance　
passionate　
precisely　
knowingly　
5. I （thorough） approve of what the government is
doing.
6. When the little girl was asked such a question，she stood
there with a look on her face.（puzzle）
thoroughly　
puzzling　
puzzled　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. It is our parents who （支持） us all the time even if all
others reject us.
2. These days littering are common，
（對環境造成嚴重危害）.
3. The city has （許多） new millionaires， Asia’s
biggest building， and fancy new hotels.
4. I （對……感到迷惑不解） why his books are
so popular worldwide.
stand by　
causing serious harm to the
environment　
dozens of　
am puzzled about　
5. If the disease is prevented or cured， the gene becomes
（……的目標） treatment.
6. He （被看作） the most suitable man to do this
work.
7. （雖然他學習努力）， he didn’t
pass the exam.
8. The soldier climbed to the top of the mountain at last，
（又餓又累）.
a target for　
is regarded as　
Hard as/though he worked　
hungry and
tired　
維度四：課文語法填空
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962.Carson wrote
the book 1. （aim） to alert people to the damaging effects of
human activity 2. natural ecosystems.And she wished to see
pesticides 3. （use） in a more responsible， limited and
carefully monitored way.The book contained a lot of scientific research，
examples and so on，4.
aiming　
on　
used　
showed how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.The
arguments were strong and the writing was 5. （elegance）
and influential.However， the book was not received positively by
everyone.It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry，
who said that Carson’s research was not precise.Carson appeared in
public and on television 6. （defend） her claims.
which
elegant　
to defend　
Carson’s message was very 7. （alarm） and its
influence was immediate and far-reaching.The use of DDT 8.
（ban） and the EPA was established in the US. The book was
considered as 9. milestone in the launch of the green movement in
the Western world.It earned Carson a Presidential Medal of Freedom after
she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s
10. （aware） of protecting natural ecosystem.
alarming　
was
banned　
a　
awareness　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2024·四川自貢高二上期末）New York — like Philadelphia，
Baltimore and Washington — sits underneath the “Atlantic Flyway”，
an ancient migration route travelled by millions of birds， every spring
and autumn.Up to a quarter of a million of them die crashing into windows
in New York every year， according to New York City Audubon， the bird
charity that organizes Project Flight Safe.Birds confuse reflections of sky
or plants for the real thing and fly straight for them.
　　In 2021， however， new laws came into force in New York
requiring all new buildings and restoration work to be made bird-
friendly.It is the strictest such laws in America.The case of the Jacob K.
Javits Convention Centre in west Manhattan is a good example.It used to
be a top bird-killer， but after swapping its glasses for bird-friendly
glass， strikes dropped by 90%.The centre has now fully embraced bird
life.Its green roof is home to a breeding seagull group， and as of 18
October， 62 different species have been spotted there.
　　At night， artificial light draws birds into the city， where they are
more likely to crash.Some studies suggest birds can fail to tell direction
because artificial light prevents them from sensing the Earth’s magnetic
（磁的） field effectively.Last year the city passed a law that requires all
city owned and managed buildings to switch their lights off at night during
birds’ migration seasons.The law will extend the requirement to
privately owned commercial buildings next year.Though exceptions would
be allowed for landmarks such as the Empire State and the Chrysler
Building， the change would still transform the world’s most famous
skyline.
　　Jessica Wilson of NYC Audubon says that would be a good thing for
birds， energy consumption and people.New York is on track to become
the most bird-friendly big city in America.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了紐約市為保護鳥
類和減少能源消耗所采取的一系列措施，包括實施新的法律和規
定、推廣使用鳥類友好的建筑材料、關閉夜間照明等。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了紐約市為保護鳥
類和減少能源消耗所采取的一系列措施，包括實施新的法律和規
定、推廣使用鳥類友好的建筑材料、關閉夜間照明等。
1. What is responsible for bird crashes in New York？（　　）
A. Glass reflections.
B. The attraction of sunlight.
C. New York’s unique climate.
D. Birds’ confused sense of balance.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段最后兩句可知，每年有多達25
萬只鳥在紐約撞到窗戶上死亡，是因為鳥類把天空或植物的反射誤
認為是真實的，并直接向它們飛去。
2. What can we know about the Jacob K. Javits Convention Centre？
（　　）
A. It has reduced birds’ death by 90%.
B. It was painted green to attract birds.
C. It was the first to put new laws into force.
D. It has developed into a bird-friendly place.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后三句可知，Jacob K. Javits
Convention Centre已經發展成為一個鳥類友好的地方。
3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A. Birds’ talent for telling directions.
B. Distinctive landmarks in New York.
C. Results of applying bird-protection laws.
D. Efforts to protect birds from crashing at night.
解析： 　段落大意題。根據第三段內容可知，第三段主要講述的
是該市為了保護鳥類不在夜間墜毀，要求所有城市擁有和管理的建
筑物在鳥類遷徙季節的晚上關掉燈。
4. What does Jessica Wilson think of the law issued last year？（　　）
A. Energy-consuming. B. Promising.
C. Eye-catching. D. Annoying.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，Jessica Wilson認
為去年頒布的法律是非常好的，有發展前景。
B
　　We’re often reminded of the importance of protecting the planet as
we see it for future generations — and children at St Oswald’s Primary
School in Chester certainly agree.
Nine-year-old Isohel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds
class thinks adults need to take notes. “Sometimes they can be busy and I
don’t think they think they can make a difference， but if everyone does
a little bit， it all adds up，” she says.“We started looking at plastic
pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting
them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.”
Mr Timms， Isohel’s teacher， has been leading a new project at
the school which lets children loose creatively to raise public awareness of
the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds
class， which is made up of nine-year-old and ten-year-old pupils， has
been busy writing poems and creating online videos to warn adults about
the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr Timms thinks children play an important role in teaching us how
to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much
we can really learn from children，” he says.“It is really hard to believe
having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to
stop using plastic and to recycle more， and even stopping them from
using plastic straws.”
Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that
they would like to send to the world is simple： Stopping this isn’t
someone else’s job， and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一所學校的蜂鳥班舉行環保活動，
呼吁人們正視嚴峻的環境問題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一所學校的蜂鳥班舉行環保活動，
呼吁人們正視嚴峻的環境問題。
5. What does Isohel Kelleher mean in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. People shouldn’t eat fish any more.
B. Adults have done their part pretty well.
C. Everyone can do something to stop pollution.
D. Plastic pollution is already too serious to be solved.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段中的but if everyone does a little
bit， it all adds up可知，Isohel Kelleher認為每個人都可以采取一點
措施阻止污染。
6. What can be inferred from Mr Timms’ words in Paragraph 4？
（　　）
A. The project has already proved effective.
B. Some parents are angry with the project.
C. Children are good at looking after adults.
D. Adults ought to learn little from their kids.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的It is really hard to
believe ... them from using plastic straws.可知，孩子們所做的事情
對家長產生了影響。由此可推測，這個項目已經證明是有效的。
7. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to？
（　　）
A. Using plastic straws.
B. Plastic pollution.
C. Protecting the planet.
D. The Hummingbirds class.
解析： 　代詞指代題。根據第二段中的We started looking at plastic
pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting
them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.可知，蜂鳥班的孩子
所做的事情是在應對塑料污染，因此他們想要向全世界傳遞的信息
是，阻止塑料污染不是別人的事情。由此推知，此處this指代的是
塑料污染。
C
　　The Department of Energy（DOE） is dealing with a tough research
problem that has troubled experts for more than a decade： developing a
low-cost alternative to the present jet fuel.
　　The search began around 2010， originally pushed by the concerns
about the country’s reliance on imported oil.More recently，airlines
have raised the question themselves.There are potential restrictions on the
amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners and a lack of an electricity-
fueled replacement for their heavy planes.
　　Researchers at DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory
（NREL） are taking a fresh look at a promising family of new and
plentiful raw materials： food wastes and urban used water containing
human manure （糞肥）.
　　“Everyone is beginning to see the potential of taking these organic
materials that we normally have sent to landfills or wastewater treatment
plants，” said Derek Vardon，a senior research engineer at NREL.
Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link
their chain-like structures together.The result is a liquid fuel，Vardon
explained，one that has seven times the energy of methane — the major
component of natural gas.That’s needed to get a heavy airliner off the
ground.
　　Other researchers are also sensing the potential of rich and low-carbon
resources that could be developed by working with wastewater treatment
plants.One of them is Jianping Yu，the main researcher of a separate
NREL project that is exploring how to remove major and troublesome
water pollutants from conventional wastewater treatment processes.His
idea is to feed the pollutants to algae （海藻） in the wastewater plants
and then sell the algae as a product that can be made into commercial
fertilizers.Yu’s idea is to collect and develop special algae，
so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed
wastewater.Growing more powerful algae， he points out， will also be a
way to remove more CO2 from the air.The outcome is that it could reduce
the amount of energy needed to run wastewater plants.“That’s the
goal.Our main motivation is future environmental requirements，” Yu
said.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了能源部專家與廢水
處理廠合作開發清潔航空燃料。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了能源部專家與廢水
處理廠合作開發清潔航空燃料。
8. Why are the airlines anxious to find a new kind of jet fuel？（　　）
A. Their planes are heavier than before.
B. They need to cut costs of electrical energy.
C. Their oil fuel harms the environment.
D. They want to rely less on imported oil.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后一句可知，噴氣式客機的
二氧化碳排放量可能會受到限制，重型飛機也缺乏電力燃料替代
品。由此可推知，為了環保航空公司急于尋找一種新的航空燃料。
9. What can we learn about the liquid fuel according to Vardon？
（　　）
A. It has as much energy as natural gas.
B. It can be changed into fatty acids.
C. It’s born out of organic wastes.
D. It’s similar to natural gas in structure.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可知，Vardon認為液體燃
料來自我們通常送往垃圾填埋場或廢水處理廠的有機垃圾，例如糞
便和食物垃圾。由此可知，根據Vardon的說法，液體燃料是從有機
垃圾中產生的。
10. What role does algae play in Jianping Yu’s idea？（　　）
A. Producing green fuel.
B. Cleaning processed wastewater.
C. Making commercial fertilizers.
D. Absorbing wastewater.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的Yu’s idea is to collect
and develop special algae， so they can remove as much as 50% of
the pollutants from processed wastewater.可知，余建平的想法是利
用特殊的藻類去除處理過的廢水中的污染物。
11. What does the text mainly tell us？（　　）
A. Developing new fuel is quite necessary for airlines.
B. Researchers find a way of environmental protection.
C. Wastewater plants are a very useful source of new energy.
D. Search for clean jet fuel leads scientists to wastewater plants.
解析： 　主旨大意題。文章第一段提出，能源部正在處理一個
棘手的研究問題，這一問題困擾了專家十多年：開發一種替代現
有航空燃料的低成本替代品。最后一段第一句指出，其他研究人
員也感受到了與廢水處理廠合作開發豐富低碳資源的潛力。由此
可知，文章主要告訴我們對清潔航空燃料的探尋將科學家帶到廢
水處理廠。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Plants are intelligent.It sounds like a fable.However， science is
beginning to think so.In 2013， The New Yorker published an article that
set the plant science world on fire， forever changing the way both the
public and researchers looking at and studying the plant kingdom.The
“Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of.12.（　　） But fast
forward to 2022， there were now dozens of research papers and hours of
video prepared and published by plant biologists discussing so many facts
of plant intelligence.13.（　　）
　　Communication：A lot of evidence suggests that plants， trees in
particular， can communicate with one another.14.（　　） It is in some
ways similar to the Internet we use.The idea of plants forming such a
relationship to interact is considered as an evolutionary outcome.
　　Learning：15.（　　） What if plants can learn from experiences
like the dogs？The scientists designed experiments， whose goal was to
prove whether plants could learn， an idea that seemed
impossible.Ultimately， they succeeded in not only their experiments，
but also in proving that plants can actually learn.
　　Memory：As research and experiments continue into the plant
memory， people can’t help but ask the question “How can something
without a brain have memories？” Studies have determined that plants
can indeed learn and create memories.16.（　　）
　　Figuring out the “plant brain” question is the logical next step.As
more research comes in， it seems that plant intelligence is a very real
possibility.
A. Can plants be taught？
B. The plant biology community launched a campaign.
C. This communication occurs through underground networks.
D. It makes no sense to research plant communication methods.
E. They can display their memory recall through learned response.
F. The following behavioral characteristics are from the experiments.
G. Therefore， the plant biology community claimed it was completely
baseless.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了智慧植物及其特
征。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了智慧植物及其特
征。
12. G　G項中的completely baseless與空前一句中的previously unheard
of相匹配，故G項符合語境。
13. F　下文列舉了智慧植物的三個行為特征。F項 （這些實驗得出了
以下行為特征）引起下文，符合語境。
14. C　C項中的This communication與上文的communicate with one
another相呼應；C項中的underground networks與下文中的the Internet相
呼應。故C項符合語境。
15. A　根據空前的Learning和下文中的learn from experiences以及
whether plants could learn可知，A項（植物可以被訓練嗎？）符合本
段主旨，與下句銜接緊密，由兩個問句引出本段話題。
16. E　本段講的是植物有記憶。E項與記憶有關，且E項中的memory
與上句的memories是原詞復現，They指代上句中的plants。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　你校英文報正在舉辦主題為Observing Nature的征文活動。請你寫
一篇英語短文投稿，內容包括：
1. 你的觀察；
2. 你的感悟。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
參考范文：
A moment in nature
　　Once， as I sat beneath the shelter of a tree， the world around me
burst into a glorious display.Birds sang melodiously， butterflies danced
in flowers， and a gentle breeze whispered through the trees.It was a
symphony of sights and sounds， which left me amazed.
　　At that moment， I realized the profound wisdom that nature
holds.Simply spending a moment appreciating nature’s wonders can be a
soul-cleansing experience.Nature offers us so many things from which we
can find harmony within ourselves and with the world around us.
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