資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎題型練
單句語法填空
1.Technological innovation， 　　　　　　（combine） with good marketing， will promote the sales of these products.
2.When we got a call 　　　　　　（say） she was short listed， we thought it was a joke.
3.　　　　　　 （help） us learn more efficiently， the teacher suggested reading through our notes on a weekly basis.
4.Ordinary soap， 　　　　　　（use） correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively.
5.I find some students in this school often 　　　　（punish） by the teachers.
6.The inspector spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself 　　　　　　（understand）.
7.The stadium 　　　　　　（build） at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.
8.I will have my bike 　　　　　　（repair） tomorrow.
維度二：語法與寫作
補全句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we’re enjoying a happy life.
由于采取了許多有效措施來防止污染，我們正享受著幸福的生活。
2.Our teachers try to raise their voice 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們的老師盡量提高聲音以便自己能夠被學生聽到。
3.He hurried to the booking office， only 　　　　　　　　that all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙趕到售票處，卻被告知票都賣光了。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we had no difficulty in finding his home.
有那個男孩帶路，我們毫不費力地找到了他的家。
5.He was very funny and 　　　　　　　　　　all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我們笑個不停。
6.After a long day， I finally got back to my small room， 　　　　　　　　　.
漫長的一天過后，我終于回到了自己的小房間，感到疲憊不堪。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　， he was in low spirits.
受到了老師的懲罰，他情緒低落。
8.When he woke up， he found himself 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
當他醒來時，他發現自己被困在了一座荒島上。
維度三：語法與語篇
用所給單詞的適當形式完成下面短文。
　　There once was a goat and a donkey 1.　　　　 （live） on a farm.The donkey worked harder so the farmer fed it with more food.With the donkey 2.　　　　 （give） more food， this made the goat so jealous that it began 3.　　　　　　 （plot） against （謀劃對付） the donkey.“Hey， donkey，” the goat said one day，“I think you do too much work on this farm.You carry such heavy things from morning to night.Why don’t you pretend 4.　　　　　　 （get） sick so you can take a day off？” The donkey thought the goat had a great idea.So the next morning， the donkey lay in the stable on its side with its eyes 5.　　　　　　 （close）.Right away， the farmer called a doctor.After 6.　　　　 （look） at the donkey， the doctor said it needed a special medicine 7.　　　　　　 （make） from the heart of a goat.So the farmer killed his goat.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Next to a tall building， the Muziekplein forest is one of seven such special and very small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht， and 144 tiny forests across the Netherlands.It’s about the size of a basketball court.Before it was planted， the area was a parking lot.
　　By the end of this year， according to IVN Nature Education， an organization leading the country’s plan， there will be 200 such small forests in the Netherlands.In many other countries， communities are creating such small-area and native forests in response to big environmental challenges.The forests can be in any shape， but must be at least four meters wide based on IVN’s instructions.A tiny forest can be built under a year.And it generally includes between 20 and 40 different tree species.
　　Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015， the idea has become popular.Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN’s Tiny Forest plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance of protecting environment.He thinks it is popular because people are becoming more and more aware of major environmental challenges.It’s a very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate change and loss of biodiversity.
　　Data released by Wageningen University researchers in April shows that the forests hold a range of animal and plant species.Across the 11 tiny forests in a study， volunteers observed 636 animal species.They also recognized 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the areas.Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating unwanted weeds， but in general， new plant species， such as wildflowers， are allowed to grow， according to Bleichrodt.
　　Suzanne Valkman， head of the World Wildlife Fund （WWF） Netherlands forests unit， said，“I was just amazed to see so many species were recognized.” A WWF report in 2020 found that wildlife populations in the Netherlands had decreased by half over the last three decades.Butterflies， birds and reptile species were particularly hard hit.Valkman said， “The Tiny Forest data shows that the small project can improve biodiversity in cities.”
1.What is the feature of the Muziekplein forest？（　　）
A.It has a small size.
B.It includes only rare species.
C.It has an interesting shape.
D.It is beside a parking lot.
2.What’s the purpose of creating tiny forests in the Dutch city？（　　）
A.To make a great profit.
B.To raise the awareness of kids’ education.
C.To set an example to other countries.
D.To help improve the local environment.
3.What does the underlined word “obliterating” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　）
A.Checking. B.Protecting.
C.Removing. D.Discovering.
4.Why did the author mention Suzanne Valkman’s words？（　　）
A.To describe the situation of wildlife species.
B.To show the effects of the Tiny Forest plan.
C.To explain the importance of biodiversity.
D.To encourage all of us to plant more trees.
B
　　Seventeen-year-old Quinterro stood at the edge of the mountain pass high above the city of Lima， Peru.He aimed his binoculars （雙筒望遠鏡） at the city below.Quinterro scanned the streets and buildings， letting the binoculars bring the busy place into focus for him.
　　Lowering the binoculars， Quinterro looked back at his family.He sighed as he thought of his life， day after day， watching the llamas （美洲駝）.Operating a llama caravan （旅行隊） wasn’t exciting ...
　　“Quinterro！”his older brother Ireneo’s voice interrupted his thoughts.“I’ve told you a million times to pay attention！”
　　Quinterro aimed the binoculars toward the mountain pass only to see that another caravan had reached the clearing.The new llamas smelled the other animals and ran wildly.Quinterro watched as a girl of his age chased after one of the jumpy animals.Quinterro and Ireneo led the llamas back to the clearing.Quinterro glanced around until he spotted the innocent girl he had been watching earlier.She seemed to be making friends with the llamas， saying something to the animals in a gentle voice.
　　“My name is Marta，” the girl said as Quinterro approached.Quinterro introduced himself.“Do you do this all the time？” she asked.
　　“My family does.I help out during school breaks，” Quinterro said.
　　Marta smiled，“I live in the city.The prospect here is so beautiful from below.”
　　Quinterro stared at her， disbelieving what he had heard.
　　“The city looks so different from up here，” Marta said as she looked down.
　　Quinterro took the binoculars from around his neck，“Try these.”
　　He passed the binoculars to Marta and then turned to look down at the city.When not magnified （放大）， the city looked smaller and duller.
　　“I think they’re broken，” Marta said.
　　Curious， Quinterro reached for the binoculars and held them to his eyes.The bushes in front of him were huge like green mountains.He aimed the binoculars at the llamas， at the mountain pass， and then at his family.Everything seemed bigger， closer， and more defined.He could even see the geese in the yard.
　　Next， he aimed the binoculars at the city below.It was completely out of focus.Quinterro adjusted the lenses （鏡頭）.With a smile， he handed the binoculars back to Marta.“They’re not broken.” Quinterro said.“It depends on how you look through them.”
5.What was Quinterro doing in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.Searching for lost llamas.
B.Talking to his older brother.
C.Watching the llamas.
D.Looking at the city.
6.What can be inferred about Marta？（　　）
A.She enjoyed being with animals.
B.She was scared by a jumpy llama.
C.She was a bit shy around new people.
D.She would love to operate a llama caravan.
7.What did Quinterro want to show Marta by passing her the binoculars？（　　）
A.How he looked after the llamas.
B.The details of the mountains.
C.Why the city seemed dull.
D.A clear sight of the city.
8.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.A Different View
B.An Unexpected Visitor
C.A Pair of Broken Binoculars
D.A Life-changing Mountain Trip
C
　　High on the top of White Mountains of the US， the hard conditions make it difficult for life to take root.But for a certain type of tree — and for those who have travelled here to study it — this place is a perfect place.
　　These bristlecone pines are the oldest individual trees in the world.Researchers like Andy Bunn have come to learn from the ancients.“It’s remarkable to sit here and have your hand on one of these trees and know that it was growing when the pyramids were built，” Bunn added.
　　“By studying samples from the trunks， it’s possible to discover their hidden precise history.Each tree ring is like a time capsule of the environment for that year from which it was formed，” said Matt Salzer， a scientist at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research.“And it contains dozens of information — chemical information， the information on growth， and climate information.”
　　“If you’re trying to look at people in the past through time， tree rings give you a way to do it in a way that makes sense in a human life，” said Charlotte Pearson，a professor in the University of Arizona.She first became fascinated by the bristlecone pines after reading about an ancient volcanic eruption on the Greek island of Santorini.“It blew my mind that trees on the other side of the world could possibly be used to date this thing within a single year，” she said excitedly.
　　The oldest known living bristlecone pine is estimated to be over 4，800 years old.For Bunn， the climate record written in the tree rings offers guidance for how we might think about what’s happening in the present as we plan for the future.“What we’re seeing increasingly is that a lot of climate events that we are experiencing and living through right now have no example in the paleoclimate （古氣候） record，” he insisted.“So， we are really moving into an unknown field.”
9.Why did Bunn mention the pyramids in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To state the trees are very old.
B.To prove his discovery is important.
C.To attract readers’ attention.
D.To stress the hard living conditions of the trees.
10.What’s the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.The result of the research.
B.The process of the research.
C.The method of the research.
D.The significance of the research.
11.What does the underlined part “It blew my mind” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　）
A.It puzzled me. B.It surprised me.
C.It defeated me. D.It disappointed me.
12.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A.The paleoclimate record is hard to find.
B.There are lots of unknown things about pines.
C.Studying the tree rings is important for climate research.
D.There were frequent occurrences of the extreme climate events.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch butterflies for fun in 2020.
　　But after realizing the monarchs were an endangered species， their 　13　 soon turned into a serious and passionate mission.
　　They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had　14　 since the early 1990s， due to habitat 　15　 and the widespread use of chemicals， which made the milkweed （馬利筋） the monarchs 　16　 for their main diet dangerous to eat.
　　So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden 　17　 for the monarchs.The garden grew organic milkweed that 　18　 and kept the butterflies.To alert people to the creature’s condition and help 　19　 the locals to sustain the monarch population， they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but it 　20　 a lot.To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the farmers’ market to sell their 　21　 milkweed to people to plant.Although the fundraising days were 　22　， they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people’s support.
　　The team has won the silver award for their　23　 of taking care of butterflies， but they are not 　24　 with their work.“Our next step is to cut down on the use of 　25　 to guarantee a safe environment for the monarchs，”said Natalie.In the award ceremony， their teacher Brian 　26　，“I am so proud of them for their constant 　27　.”
13.（　）A.dream B.hobby
C.career D.decision
14.（　）A.doubled B.faded
C.declined D.exploded
15.（　）A.management B.assessment
C.selection D.destruction
16.（　）A.relied on B.kept off
C.broke down D.gave away
17.（　）A.partly B.secretly
C.rarely D.specially
18.（　）A.attracted B.protected
C.monitored D.enhanced
19.（　）A.employ B.educate
C.force D.limit
20.（　）A.meant B.cost
C.changed D.hurt
21.（　）A.dry B.medical
C.healthy D.wild
22.（　）A.pleasing B.light
C.long D.disappointing
23.（　）A.project B.concept
C.schedule D.assignment
24.（　）A.concerned B.connected
C.finished D.occupied
25.（　）A.chemicals B.time
C.funds D.energy
26.（　）A.quoted B.continued
C.replied D.commented
27.（　）A.donations B.support
C.patience D.efforts
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.combined　2.saying　3.To help　4.used　5.punished　6.understood　7.being built　8.repaired
維度二
1.With many effective measures taken to prevent pollution
2.to make themselves heard
3.to be told
4.With the boy leading the way
5.had us laughing
6.feeling exhausted
7.Punished by his teacher
8.trapped on a deserted island
維度三
1.living　2.given　3.plotting　4.to get　5.closed
6.looking　7.made
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了荷蘭通過建造小森林來改善城市環境。
1.A　細節理解題。根據第一段中的such special and very small forests和It’s about the size of a basketball court.可知，Muziekplein森林的特點是尺寸很小。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，建造這樣的小森林是為了讓孩子們知道保護環境的重要性，并為防止氣候變化和物種多樣性流失做一些事情。由此推知，在荷蘭的城市里建造小森林的目的是幫助改善當地環境。
3.C　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后面的unwanted weeds可知，obliterating unwanted weeds表示“清除不要的草”。畫線詞與removing同義。
4.B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段Suzanne Valkman說的“看到這么多物種被認出，我實在是驚訝”和“小森林的數據表明，這個小項目可以改善城市的生物多樣性”可知，作者提到Suzanne Valkman的話是為了展示小森林計劃的效果很好。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Quinterro通過望遠鏡從不同的視角見到了不一樣的風景。
5.D　細節理解題。根據第一段中的He aimed his binoculars （雙筒望遠鏡） at the city below.可知，在第一段中Quinterro在看城市。
6.A　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的making friends with the llamas及in a gentle voice可推斷，Marta喜歡和動物在一起。
7.D　推理判斷題。根據倒數第四段內容可知，他把雙筒望遠鏡遞給Marta，然后轉過身來俯視這座城市。如果不放大，這座城市看起來更小、更沉悶。由此可知，Quinterro把雙筒望遠鏡遞給Marta是想向她展示城市的清晰景象。
8.A　標題歸納題。綜合全文內容尤其是最后一段中的It depends on how you look through them.可知，文章主要講述了Quinterro通過望遠鏡從不同的視角見到了不一樣的風景。因此A項（不同的視角）為文章最佳標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國深山中生長的一種松樹。這是全世界最長壽的樹種，其中最老的那棵樹已經活了超過四千八百年了。
9.A　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的the oldest individual trees in the world以及it was growing when the pyramids were built可知，提到金字塔是為了說明這種松樹非常古老。
10.D　段落大意題。根據第三段中的discover their hidden precise history以及it contains dozens of information — chemical information， the information on growth， and climate information可知，研究這種樹有很多益處。由此可知，第三段主要介紹了這項研究的意義。
11.B　句意理解題。根據畫線部分所在句的前一句可知，此處是在介紹Charlotte Pearson教授對這種樹著迷的相關情況。再結合語境推測后邊是說她對這種樹著迷的原因。結合畫線部分所在句中的she said excitedly可知，B項與畫線部分更匹配，更符合語境。
12.C　細節理解題。根據最后一段第二句可知，寫在年輪中的氣候記錄為我們在計劃未來時如何看待現在發生的事情提供了指導。由此可知，研究樹木年輪對氣候研究很重要。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Natalie和Callie從養帝王蝶的愛好到致力于保護帝王蝶的故事，她們的項目最終獲獎且受到好評。
13.B　根據文章首句可知，Natalie和Callie以前是把養帝王蝶作為一種愛好，但在意識到帝王蝶是瀕危物種后，她們的愛好很快就變成了一項嚴肅而具有強烈信念的任務。dream夢想；hobby業余愛好；career事業；decision決定。
14.C　根據上文the monarchs were an endangered species可知，由于種種原因，帝王蝶已經是瀕危物種，數量應該是在減少。double（使）加倍；fade逐漸消失；decline減少；explode爆炸。
15.D　此處講述帝王蝶數量減少的原因，帝王蝶棲息地遭到破壞是其原因之一。management管理；assessment評估；selection選擇；destruction摧毀，破壞。
16.A　分析句子結構可知，the monarchs 　16　 for their main diet為定語從句，修飾the milkweed，空處為定語從句的謂語，此處指帝王蝶所依賴的主要食物是馬利筋草。rely on依賴；keep off與……保持距離；break down打破；分解；give away泄露；贈送。
17.D　根據下文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，這個本土花園種植著帝王蝶的主要食物馬利筋草，因此是專門為帝王蝶種植的本土花園。partly部分地；secretly秘密地；rarely很少；specially專門地。
18.A　這個本土花園種植著帝王蝶的主要食物馬利筋草，這會吸引并留住帝王蝶。attract吸引；protect保護；monitor監視；enhance改進，增強。
19.B　根據下文they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local library可知，她們舉辦關于帝王蝶展覽的目的是提醒人們注意這種生物的現狀，并幫助教育當地人維持帝王蝶的數量。employ雇用；educate教育；force迫使；limit限制。
20.B　根據下文的To cover the expense和the fundraising days可知，她們還想在鎮上張貼一個教育標志，但這花費很大。mean意味著；cost花費；change改變；hurt傷害。
21.C　根據上文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，她們種植的是有機的馬利筋草，因此賣給人們種的馬利筋草應該是健康的。dry干燥的；medical醫學的；healthy健康的；wild野生的。
22.C　根據下文they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people’s support可知，籌款并不順利，持續的日子很長。pleasing令人愉悅的；light明亮的；long漫長的；disappointing令人失望的。
23.A　她們為保護帝王蝶設立了一個花園，這是一個項目。project項目；concept概念；schedule工作計劃；assignment任務。
24.C　根據下文Our next step is ...可知，她們還有保護帝王蝶的下一步計劃，說明她們保護帝王蝶的工作尚未完成。be finished with sth完成某事。
25.A　根據第三段中的the widespread use of chemicals可知，因化學制品的廣泛使用，帝王蝶的生存環境不安全，所以此處表示要減少化學品的使用，以保證帝王蝶擁有安全的環境。chemical化學制品；time時間；fund基金；energy精力。
26.D　根據下文的I am so proud of them for their constant 　27　.可知，這是她們的老師布萊恩對她們的評論。quote引用；continue繼續；reply答復；comment評論。
27.D　根據上文可知，二人為了保護帝王蝶，不僅給帝王蝶種食物，做保護帝王蝶的宣傳活動，還賺錢來實現目標。由此可知，老師為她們的不斷努力感到驕傲。donation捐贈；support支持；patience耐心；effort努力。
1 / 7Section Ⅱ　Using language
復習：非謂語動詞作定語、狀語和補語
①...I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
②...wake up to find yourself in another quite different， ...
③...I can see the children flattening their noses against the window， ...
④...flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow ...
⑤...last year I was out of the country，sweating in a hot climate， ...
【我的發現】
1.以上句子中，句①和句③為非謂語動詞作　　　　　　　。
2.句②和句④中的動詞不定式和句⑤中的動詞-ing形式在句中作　　　　；句②中的動詞不定式作　　　　狀語，句④中的動詞不定式作　　　　狀語，句⑤中的動詞-ing形式作　　　　狀語。
3.句④中的動詞-ing形式作　　　　，并與所修飾的名詞之間是　　　　關系。
一、非謂語動詞作定語
1.動詞不定式作定語
（1）動詞不定式作定語，須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。動詞不定式與所修飾詞一般存在主謂關系、動賓關系或同位關系。
The man to help you is Mr Smith.（the man will help you）
要幫助你的人是史密斯先生。
I have a lot of work to do.（to do a lot of work）
我有許多工作要做。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.（the ability＝to express an idea）
表達觀點的能力與觀點本身同等重要。
名師點津
動詞不定式作定語，且與被修飾詞有邏輯上的動賓關系時，動詞不定式須用及物動詞；如果作定語的動詞不定式是不及物動詞，或者動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式動作的地點、工具等，動詞不定式后需要加相應的介詞。
He has no pen to write with.
他沒有鋼筆寫字。
（2）當中心詞為序數詞、形容詞最高級、the last、the only等或被這些詞修飾時，常用動詞不定式作定語。
It’s agreed that the last person to arrive pays for the meal.
大家一致同意最后到的人付餐費。
（3）有些抽象名詞后常用動詞不定式作定語，常見的這類名詞有ability， chance， opportunity， plan， attempt等。
The exhibition is a unique opportunity to see her later works.
這次展覽是觀看她后期作品的難得的機會。
2.動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作定語
（1）動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作定語往往具有形容詞的性質。單個的動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作定語經常置于所修飾詞之前；動詞-ing短語和過去分詞短語作定語經常置于被修飾詞之后。
He poured some boiled water into the bottle.
他往瓶子里倒了一些開水。
The house standing on the north bank of the river was built in 1955.
河北岸的那所房子是1955年建的。
（2）動詞-ing形式作定語表示被修飾名詞的某種用途或性能，常置于被修飾詞的前面。
a walking stick　　拐杖
a sleeping bag 睡袋
a parking lot 停車場
cooking oil 食用油
（3）動詞-ing形式（短語）作定語，與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，表示事物存在的狀態或動作正在進行。
They built a way leading to the mountain.
他們修了一條通往山里的路。
（4）過去分詞（短語）作定語，與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，表示被動或完成。
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
這些從全國選拔出來的運動員有望在今年夏天的比賽中為我們帶來榮譽。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①Fearful that he might have an intention 　　　　　　（harm） her， Helen started to run.
②The airport 　　　　　　（complete） next year will help promote tourism in this area.
③It is up to the 　　　　　　（regulate） authority to put the measures into effect.
④The research 　　　　　　（conduct） recently shows that WeChat is the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens.
⑤Henry ran one hundred metres， jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and held out his arms to catch the 　　　　　　（fall） child.
⑥Fitness Magazine recently ran an article 　　　　　　（title） “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.
二、非謂語動詞作狀語
非謂語動詞作狀語時，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。
1.動詞不定式作狀語
動詞不定式可以起副詞作用，在句中作狀語。動詞不定式可以作目的狀語、結果狀語、原因狀語等。
（1）動詞不定式作目的狀語
動詞不定式作目的狀語，意為“為了……；以便于……”，常用to do， in order to do， so/such as to do等結構。
We will continue our campaign to prevent air pollution to make our sky blue again.
我們將繼續我們防止空氣污染的運動，以使我們的天空再次蔚藍。
To avoid any delay， please phone your order directly.
為避免延誤，請直接打電話訂購。
名師點津
強調動詞不定式所表示的目的時，可用in order to或 so as to接動詞原形，但so as to不用于句首。動詞不定式作目的狀語可轉換為 so that/in order that或so ...that ...引導的目的狀語從句。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他早起是為了趕上第一班公共汽車。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽車停下來以便搭載乘客。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他努力學習是為了通過考試。
（2）動詞不定式作結果狀語
動詞不定式作結果狀語常表示出乎意料的結果，常用于下列結構中：only to do， enough to do， too ...to do ...， so/such ...as to ...
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home.
我到達商店卻發現錢全落在家里了。
He is too tired to stay up any longer.
他太累了以至于不能再熬夜了。
（3）動詞不定式作原因狀語
動詞不定式在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后作原因狀語，用以說明產生這種情緒的原因。常見的這類形容詞有sorry， surprised， glad， disappointed， excited， happy等。
He was glad to be home again.
再次回到家里，他感到很高興。
2.動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作狀語
動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作狀語表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況，相當于狀語從句。
（1）作時間狀語
Seen from the hill， our town looks very beautiful.
從山上看，我們的城鎮看起來很美。
When crossing street， you must be careful.
過街時，你必須小心。
（2）作原因狀語
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天沒去上學。
（3）作結果狀語（過去分詞無此用法）
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds， blocking roads， paths and railway lines.
1，500萬棵樹被狂風刮倒，把大小道路和鐵路線都堵塞了。
名師點津
動詞-ing形式作結果狀語表示自然而然的結果。
（4）作條件狀語
Given more time， we could have done it better.
如果給我們更多的時間，我們會做得更好。
（5）作讓步狀語
Warned of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice.
雖然被警告有危險，但他仍然去薄冰上滑冰。
（6）作方式或伴隨狀語
Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
瑪麗站在學校門口等貝蒂。
【即時演練2】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 （keep） his students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days， James Naismith created basketball.
②He hurried to the school， only 　　　　（find） nobody was there.
③　　　　　　 （study） volcanoes for many years， I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
④　　　　　　 （locate） on the third floor beside the online reading rooms， it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays.
⑤She burst into tears， 　　　　　　（release） all her sorrowful emotions.
三、非謂語動詞作補語
1.作賓語補足語
（1）動詞不定式作賓語補足語
下列動詞或詞組后面要跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語：forbid， advise， allow， ask， beg， cause， encourage， expect， persuade， prefer， force， get， intend， invite， remind， require， teach， tell， want， depend on等。
You are not allowed to smoke here.
這里不允許你抽煙。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
醫生告誡他不要吃太多的肉。
名師點津
下列動詞（短語）接省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語：一感（feel），二聽（hear，listen to），三讓（let， have， make），四看（see， notice， observe， watch），五幫助（help）。
（2）動詞-ing形式和過去分詞（短語）作賓語補足語
動詞-ing形式和過去分詞一般只在兩類動詞（短語）后作賓語補足語：
①感覺、感官、意愿動詞（短語）：see， observe， notice， watch， look at， hear， listen to， smell， feel， find， want， wish等。
②使役動詞：have， make， get， leave， keep， set等。
When I opened the door， I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
當我打開門時，我發現地上覆蓋著落葉。
I saw him entering the bank.
我看見他正走進銀行。
I had my bike repaired yesterday.
昨天我把我的自行車給修了。
2.作主語補足語
動詞不定式作主語補足語時，同句子的主語是主謂關系。分詞作主語補足語時，說明主語的狀態、動作等。
He was considered to have prospects.
人們認為他有前途。
Tom was caught sleeping in class.
湯姆被抓到在課堂上睡覺。
名師點津
帶有賓語補足語的句子變為被動句時，原來的賓語成為被動句的主語，原來的賓語補足語也就變成主語補足語。若賓語補足語為省略to的動詞不定式，句子變為被動句時，動詞不定式符號to需還原。
Someone observed him enter the reading room.
→He was observed to enter the reading room.
有人看見他進了閱覽室。
【即時演練3】　單句語法填空
①One day， while driving near her home， she saw a dog 　　　　　　（wander） on the road， clearly lost.
②I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choices that allow me 　　　　　　（make） the most of every day.
③I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph 　　　　　　（take）.
④Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 　　　　　　（process） the food that we eat.
⑤With so much work 　　　　　　（do）， I have to stay behind after work.
句型公式：what引導的感嘆句
【教材原句】　...what a pleasant time it is！ ……多么愉快的時光啊！
【用法】
what和how引導的感嘆句結構如下：
（1）What＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數名詞單數（＋主語＋謂語）！
What ＋形容詞＋可數名詞復數（＋主語＋謂語）！
What＋形容詞＋不可數名詞（＋主語＋謂語）！
（2）How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語（＋其他）！
How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數名詞單數（＋主語＋謂語）！
【品悟】　Look！What a magnificent horse it is！
看！好一匹駿馬！
【寫美】　微寫作/一句多譯
①最后，我們走出了困住我們的森林。多么難忘的經歷啊！事實證明，只要我們保持冷靜，就總有辦法擺脫困境。（主旨升華）
Finally， we went out of the forest that trapped us.What 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！ It turns out that there’s always a way out of trouble as long as we stay calm.
②我們從山頂上看到的景色多么優美啊！（情感描寫）
→What 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！
→How 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！
add ...to ... 把……加到……中
【教材原句】　Now think of more words in each category and add them to the boxes.
現在想想每個類別中還有沒有其他的詞，把它們添加到方框中。
【用法】
（1）add to　　　　增添；加入
add up 把……加起來；有意義，有道理
add up to 合計，總共
add that ... 補充說
（2）addition n. 增加，添加；添加物
（3）additional adj. 額外的，附加的
【佳句】　Her inspiring speech added a lot of confidence to the students.
她鼓舞人心的演講給學生們增添了許多信心。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The dictionary is out of date.Many new words have been added 　　　　　　the language since it was published.
②He is good at maths. In 　　　　　　（add）， his physics is also quite excellent.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Please 　　　　　　　　　　　　and I’m sure they will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
請把這些數字加起來，我確信總數會超過100。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
1.賓語補足語　2.狀語　結果　目的　伴隨　3.定語　主謂
即時演練1
①to harm　②to be completed　③regulating　④conducted
⑤falling　⑥titled
即時演練2
①To keep　②to find　③Having studied　④Located　⑤releasing
即時演練3
①wandering　②to make　③taken　④to process　⑤to do
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①an unforgettable experience　②a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill； beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill
2.①to　②addition　③add up these numbers； add up to more than 100
7 / 7(共96張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
知識要點·須拾遺
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
復習：非謂語動詞作定語、狀語和補語
①...I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
②...wake up to find yourself in another quite different， ...
③...I can see the children flattening their noses against the
window， ...
④...flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling
snow ...
⑤...last year I was out of the country，sweating in a hot climate， ...
【我的發現】
1. 以上句子中，句①和句③為非謂語動詞作 。
2. 句②和句④中的動詞不定式和句⑤中的動詞-ing形式在句中作
；句②中的動詞不定式作 狀語，句④中的動詞不定式
作 狀語，句⑤中的動詞-ing形式作 狀語。
3. 句④中的動詞-ing形式作 ，并與所修飾的名詞之間是
關系。
賓語補足語　
狀
語　
結果　
目的　
伴隨　
定語　
主
謂　
一、非謂語動詞作定語
1. 動詞不定式作定語
（1）動詞不定式作定語，須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。
動詞不定式與所修飾詞一般存在主謂關系、動賓關系或同
位關系。
The man to help you is Mr Smith.（the man will help you）
要幫助你的人是史密斯先生。
I have a lot of work to do.（to do a lot of work）
我有許多工作要做。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
（the ability＝to express an idea）
表達觀點的能力與觀點本身同等重要。
名師點津
動詞不定式作定語，且與被修飾詞有邏輯上的動賓關系時，動詞不定
式須用及物動詞；如果作定語的動詞不定式是不及物動詞，或者動詞
不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式動作的地點、工具等，動詞
不定式后需要加相應的介詞。
He has no pen to write with.
他沒有鋼筆寫字。
（2）當中心詞為序數詞、形容詞最高級、the last、the only等或被這
些詞修飾時，常用動詞不定式作定語。
It’s agreed that the last person to arrive pays for the meal.
大家一致同意最后到的人付餐費。
（3）有些抽象名詞后常用動詞不定式作定語，常見的這類名詞有
ability， chance， opportunity， plan， attempt等。
The exhibition is a unique opportunity to see her later works.
這次展覽是觀看她后期作品的難得的機會。
2. 動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作定語
（1）動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作定語往往具有形容詞的性質。單
個的動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作定語經常置于所修飾詞之
前；動詞-ing短語和過去分詞短語作定語經常置于被修飾詞
之后。
He poured some boiled water into the bottle.
他往瓶子里倒了一些開水。
The house standing on the north bank of the river was built in
1955.
河北岸的那所房子是1955年建的。
（2）動詞-ing形式作定語表示被修飾名詞的某種用途或性能，常
置于被修飾詞的前面。
a walking stick 拐杖
a sleeping bag 睡袋
a parking lot 停車場
cooking oil 食用油
（3）動詞-ing形式（短語）作定語，與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上
的主謂關系，表示事物存在的狀態或動作正在進行。
They built a way leading to the mountain.
他們修了一條通往山里的路。
（4）過去分詞（短語）作定語，與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的動
賓關系，表示被動或完成。
The players selected from the whole country are expected to
bring us honour in this summer game.
這些從全國選拔出來的運動員有望在今年夏天的比賽中為我
們帶來榮譽。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①Fearful that he might have an intention （harm） her，
Helen started to run.
②The airport （complete） next year will help
promote tourism in this area.
③It is up to the （regulate） authority to put the measures
into effect.
④The research （conduct） recently shows that WeChat is
the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens.
to harm　
to be completed　
regulating　
conducted　
⑤Henry ran one hundred metres， jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and
held out his arms to catch the （fall） child.
⑥Fitness Magazine recently ran an article （title） “Five
Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.
falling　
titled　
二、非謂語動詞作狀語
非謂語動詞作狀語時，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持
一致。
1. 動詞不定式作狀語
動詞不定式可以起副詞作用，在句中作狀語。動詞不定式可以作目
的狀語、結果狀語、原因狀語等。
（1）動詞不定式作目的狀語
動詞不定式作目的狀語，意為“為了……；以便于……”，
常用to do， in order to do， so/such as to do等結構。
We will continue our campaign to prevent air pollution to make
our sky blue again.
我們將繼續我們防止空氣污染的運動，以使我們的天空再次
蔚藍。
To avoid any delay， please phone your order directly.
為避免延誤，請直接打電話訂購。
名師點津
強調動詞不定式所表示的目的時，可用in order to或 so as to接動詞原
形，但so as to不用于句首。動詞不定式作目的狀語可轉換為 so that/in
order that或so ...that ...引導的目的狀語從句。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他早起是為了趕上第一班公共汽車。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽車停下來以便搭載乘客。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他努力學習是為了通過考試。
（2）動詞不定式作結果狀語
動詞不定式作結果狀語常表示出乎意料的結果，常用于下列結
構中：only to do， enough to do， too ...to do ...，
so/such ...as to ...
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home.
我到達商店卻發現錢全落在家里了。
He is too tired to stay up any longer.
他太累了以至于不能再熬夜了。
（3）動詞不定式作原因狀語
動詞不定式在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后作原因狀
語，用以說明產生這種情緒的原因。常見的這類形容詞有
sorry， surprised， glad， disappointed， excited， happy等。
He was glad to be home again.
再次回到家里，他感到很高興。
2. 動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作狀語
動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作狀語表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓
步、方式或伴隨情況，相當于狀語從句。
（1）作時間狀語
Seen from the hill， our town looks very beautiful.
從山上看，我們的城鎮看起來很美。
When crossing street， you must be careful.
過街時，你必須小心。
（2）作原因狀語
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天沒去上學。
（3）作結果狀語（過去分詞無此用法）
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds，
blocking roads， paths and railway lines.
1，500萬棵樹被狂風刮倒，把大小道路和鐵路線都堵塞了。
名師點津
動詞-ing形式作結果狀語表示自然而然的結果。
（4）作條件狀語
Given more time， we could have done it better.
如果給我們更多的時間，我們會做得更好。
（5）作讓步狀語
Warned of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice.雖然
被警告有危險，但他仍然去薄冰上滑冰。
（6）作方式或伴隨狀語
Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
瑪麗站在學校門口等貝蒂。
【即時演練2】　單句語法填空
① （keep） his students occupied with an indoor sport on
rainy days， James Naismith created basketball.
②He hurried to the school， only （find） nobody was there.
③ （study） volcanoes for many years， I am still
amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
④ （locate） on the third floor beside the online reading
rooms， it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the
weekdays.
⑤She burst into tears， （release） all her sorrowful
emotions.
To keep　
to find　
Having studied　
Located　
releasing　
三、非謂語動詞作補語
1. 作賓語補足語
（1）動詞不定式作賓語補足語
下列動詞或詞組后面要跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語：forbid，
advise， allow， ask， beg， cause， encourage， expect，
persuade， prefer， force， get， intend， invite， remind，
require， teach， tell， want， depend on等。
You are not allowed to smoke here.
這里不允許你抽煙。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
醫生告誡他不要吃太多的肉。
名師點津
下列動詞（短語）接省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語：一感
（feel），二聽（hear，listen to），三讓（let， have， make），四看
（see， notice， observe， watch），五幫助（help）。
（2）動詞-ing形式和過去分詞（短語）作賓語補足語
動詞-ing形式和過去分詞一般只在兩類動詞（短語）后作賓語補
足語：
①感覺、感官、意愿動詞（短語）：see， observe， notice，
watch， look at， hear， listen to， smell， feel， find， want，
wish等。
②使役動詞：have， make， get， leave， keep， set等。
When I opened the door， I found the ground covered by fallen
leaves.
當我打開門時，我發現地上覆蓋著落葉。
I saw him entering the bank.
我看見他正走進銀行。
I had my bike repaired yesterday.
昨天我把我的自行車給修了。
2. 作主語補足語
動詞不定式作主語補足語時，同句子的主語是主謂關系。分詞作主
語補足語時，說明主語的狀態、動作等。
He was considered to have prospects.
人們認為他有前途。
Tom was caught sleeping in class.
湯姆被抓到在課堂上睡覺。
名師點津
帶有賓語補足語的句子變為被動句時，原來的賓語成為被動句的主
語，原來的賓語補足語也就變成主語補足語。若賓語補足語為省略to
的動詞不定式，句子變為被動句時，動詞不定式符號to需還原。
Someone observed him enter the reading room.
→He was observed to enter the reading room.
有人看見他進了閱覽室。
【即時演練3】　單句語法填空
①One day， while driving near her home， she saw a dog
（wander） on the road， clearly lost.
②I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific
choices that allow me （make） the most of every day.
③I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph
（take）.
④Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required
（process） the food that we eat.
⑤With so much work （do）， I have to stay behind after
work.
wandering　
to make　
taken　
to
process　
to do　
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
句型公式：what引導的感嘆句
【教材原句】　...what a pleasant time it is！ ……多么愉快的
時光啊！
【用法】
what和how引導的感嘆句結構如下：
（1）What＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數名詞單數（＋主語＋謂語）！
What ＋形容詞＋可數名詞復數（＋主語＋謂語）！
What＋形容詞＋不可數名詞（＋主語＋謂語）！
（2）How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語（＋其他）！
How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數名詞單數（＋主語＋謂語）！
【品悟】　Look！What a magnificent horse it is！
看！好一匹駿馬！
【寫美】　微寫作/一句多譯
①最后，我們走出了困住我們的森林。多么難忘的經歷啊！事實證
明，只要我們保持冷靜，就總有辦法擺脫困境。（主旨升華）
Finally， we went out of the forest that trapped us.What
！ It turns out that there’s always a way out of
trouble as long as we stay calm.
②我們從山頂上看到的景色多么優美啊！（情感描寫）
→What ！
→How ！
an
unforgettable experience　
a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill　
beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill　
add ...to ... 把……加到……中
【教材原句】　Now think of more words in each category and add them
to the boxes.
現在想想每個類別中還有沒有其他的詞，把它們添加到方框中。
【用法】
（1）add to　　增添；加入
add up　　把……加起來；有意義，有道理
add up to　　合計，總共
add that ...　　補充說
（2）addition n.　　增加，添加；添加物
（3）additional adj.　　額外的，附加的
【佳句】　Her inspiring speech added a lot of confidence to the
students.
她鼓舞人心的演講給學生們增添了許多信心。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The dictionary is out of date.Many new words have been added
the language since it was published.
②He is good at maths. In （add）， his physics is also
quite excellent.
to　
addition　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Please and I’m sure they will
.
請把這些數字加起來，我確信總數會超過100。
add up these numbers　
add up to
more than 100　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
單句語法填空
1. Technological innovation， （combine） with good
marketing， will promote the sales of these products.
2. When we got a call （say） she was short listed， we
thought it was a joke.
combined　
saying　
3. （help） us learn more efficiently， the teacher suggested
reading through our notes on a weekly basis.
4. Ordinary soap， （use） correctly， can deal with bacteria
effectively.
5. I find some students in this school often （punish） by
the teachers.
6. The inspector spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make
himself （understand）.
To help　
used　
punished　
understood　
7. The stadium （build） at present in our city is intended
for the coming Asian Games.
8. I will have my bike （repair） tomorrow.
being built　
repaired　
維度二：語法與寫作
補全句子
1. ， we’re
enjoying a happy life.
由于采取了許多有效措施來防止污染，我們正享受著幸福的生活。
2. Our teachers try to raise their voice .
我們的老師盡量提高聲音以便自己能夠被學生聽到。
3. He hurried to the booking office， only that all the
tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙趕到售票處，卻被告知票都賣光了。
With many effective measures taken to prevent pollution　
to make themselves heard　
to be told　
4. ， we had no difficulty in finding his
home.
有那個男孩帶路，我們毫不費力地找到了他的家。
5. He was very funny and all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我們笑個不停。
6. After a long day， I finally got back to my small room，
.
漫長的一天過后，我終于回到了自己的小房間，感到疲憊不堪。
7. ， he was in low spirits.
受到了老師的懲罰，他情緒低落。
With the boy leading the way　
had us laughing　
feeling
exhausted　
Punished by his teacher　
8. When he woke up， he found himself
.
當他醒來時，他發現自己被困在了一座荒島上。
trapped on a deserted
island　
維度三：語法與語篇
用所給單詞的適當形式完成下面短文。
　　There once was a goat and a donkey 1. （live） on a
farm.The donkey worked harder so the farmer fed it with more food.With
the donkey 2. （give） more food， this made the goat so
jealous that it began 3.
living　
given　
（plot） against （謀劃對付） the donkey.“Hey， donkey，”
the goat said one day，“I think you do too much work on this farm.You
carry such heavy things from morning to night.Why don’t you pretend
4. （get） sick so you can take a day off？” The donkey
thought the goat had a great idea.So the next morning， the donkey lay in
the stable on its side with its eyes 5. （close）.Right away，
the farmer called a doctor.After 6. （look） at the donkey，
the doctor said it needed a special medicine 7. （make） from
the heart of a goat.So the farmer killed his goat.
plotting　
to get　
closed　
looking　
made　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Next to a tall building， the Muziekplein forest is one of seven such
special and very small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht， and 144 tiny
forests across the Netherlands.It’s about the size of a basketball
court.Before it was planted， the area was a parking lot.
　　By the end of this year， according to IVN Nature Education， an
organization leading the country’s plan， there will be 200 such small
forests in the Netherlands.In many other countries， communities are
creating such small-area and native forests in response to big
environmental challenges.The forests can be in any shape， but must be at
least four meters wide based on IVN’s instructions.A tiny forest can be
built under a year.And it generally includes between 20 and 40 different
tree species.
　　Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015， the
idea has become popular.Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN’s Tiny Forest
plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance
of protecting environment.He thinks it is popular because people are
becoming more and more aware of major environmental challenges.It’s a
very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate
change and loss of biodiversity.
　　Data released by Wageningen University researchers in April shows
that the forests hold a range of animal and plant species.Across the 11 tiny
forests in a study， volunteers observed 636 animal species.They also
recognized 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in
the areas.Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating
unwanted weeds， but in general， new plant species， such as
wildflowers， are allowed to grow， according to Bleichrodt.
　　Suzanne Valkman， head of the World Wildlife Fund （WWF）
Netherlands forests unit， said，“I was just amazed to see so many
species were recognized.” A WWF report in 2020 found that wildlife
populations in the Netherlands had decreased by half over the last three
decades.Butterflies， birds and reptile species were particularly hard
hit.Valkman said， “The Tiny Forest data shows that the small project
can improve biodiversity in cities.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了荷蘭通過建造小森
林來改善城市環境。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了荷蘭通過建造小森
林來改善城市環境。
1. What is the feature of the Muziekplein forest？（　　）
A. It has a small size.
B. It includes only rare species.
C. It has an interesting shape.
D. It is beside a parking lot.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段中的such special and very small
forests和It’s about the size of a basketball court.可知，Muziekplein
森林的特點是尺寸很小。
2. What’s the purpose of creating tiny forests in the Dutch city？
（　　）
A. To make a great profit.
B. To raise the awareness of kids’ education.
C. To set an example to other countries.
D. To help improve the local environment.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，建造這樣的小森林
是為了讓孩子們知道保護環境的重要性，并為防止氣候變化和物種
多樣性流失做一些事情。由此推知，在荷蘭的城市里建造小森林的
目的是幫助改善當地環境。
3. What does the underlined word “obliterating” in Paragraph 4
probably mean？（　　）
A. Checking. B. Protecting.
C. Removing. D. Discovering.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后面的unwanted weeds可知，
obliterating unwanted weeds表示“清除不要的草”。畫線詞與
removing同義。
4. Why did the author mention Suzanne Valkman’s words？（　　）
A. To describe the situation of wildlife species.
B. To show the effects of the Tiny Forest plan.
C. To explain the importance of biodiversity.
D. To encourage all of us to plant more trees.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據最后一段Suzanne Valkman說的“看到
這么多物種被認出，我實在是驚訝”和“小森林的數據表明，這個
小項目可以改善城市的生物多樣性”可知，作者提到Suzanne
Valkman的話是為了展示小森林計劃的效果很好。
B
　　Seventeen-year-old Quinterro stood at the edge of the mountain pass
high above the city of Lima， Peru.He aimed his binoculars （雙筒望遠
鏡） at the city below.Quinterro scanned the streets and buildings，
letting the binoculars bring the busy place into focus for him.
　　Lowering the binoculars， Quinterro looked back at his family.He
sighed as he thought of his life， day after day， watching the llamas （美
洲駝）.Operating a llama caravan （旅行隊） wasn’t exciting ...
　　“Quinterro！”his older brother Ireneo’s voice interrupted his
thoughts.“I’ve told you a million times to pay attention！”
　　Quinterro aimed the binoculars toward the mountain pass only to see
that another caravan had reached the clearing.The new llamas smelled the
other animals and ran wildly.Quinterro watched as a girl of his age chased
after one of the jumpy animals.Quinterro and Ireneo led the llamas back to
the clearing.Quinterro glanced around until he spotted the innocent girl he
had been watching earlier.She seemed to be making friends with the
llamas， saying something to the animals in a gentle voice.
　　“My name is Marta，” the girl said as Quinterro
approached.Quinterro introduced himself.“Do you do this all the
time？” she asked.
　　“My family does.I help out during school breaks，” Quinterro
said.
　　Marta smiled，“I live in the city.The prospect here is so beautiful
from below.”
　　Quinterro stared at her， disbelieving what he had heard.
　　“The city looks so different from up here，” Marta said as she
looked down.
　　Quinterro took the binoculars from around his neck，“Try these.”
　　He passed the binoculars to Marta and then turned to look down at the
city.When not magnified （放大）， the city looked smaller and duller.
　　“I think they’re broken，” Marta said.
　　Curious， Quinterro reached for the binoculars and held them to his
eyes.The bushes in front of him were huge like green mountains.He
aimed the binoculars at the llamas， at the mountain pass， and then at his
family.Everything seemed bigger， closer， and more defined.He could
even see the geese in the yard.
　　Next， he aimed the binoculars at the city below.It was completely
out of focus.Quinterro adjusted the lenses （鏡頭）.With a smile， he
handed the binoculars back to Marta.“They’re not broken.” Quinterro
said.“It depends on how you look through them.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Quinterro通過望遠
鏡從不同的視角見到了不一樣的風景。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Quinterro通過望遠
鏡從不同的視角見到了不一樣的風景。
5. What was Quinterro doing in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. Searching for lost llamas.
B. Talking to his older brother.
C. Watching the llamas.
D. Looking at the city.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段中的He aimed his binoculars
（雙筒望遠鏡） at the city below.可知，在第一段中Quinterro在看
城市。
6. What can be inferred about Marta？（　　）
A. She enjoyed being with animals.
B. She was scared by a jumpy llama.
C. She was a bit shy around new people.
D. She would love to operate a llama caravan.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的making friends with the
llamas及in a gentle voice可推斷，Marta喜歡和動物在一起。
7. What did Quinterro want to show Marta by passing her the binoculars？
（　　）
A. How he looked after the llamas.
B. The details of the mountains.
C. Why the city seemed dull.
D. A clear sight of the city.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據倒數第四段內容可知，他把雙筒望遠
鏡遞給Marta，然后轉過身來俯視這座城市。如果不放大，這座城
市看起來更小、更沉悶。由此可知，Quinterro把雙筒望遠鏡遞給
Marta是想向她展示城市的清晰景象。
8. What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. A Different View
B. An Unexpected Visitor
C. A Pair of Broken Binoculars
D. A Life-changing Mountain Trip
解析： 　標題歸納題。綜合全文內容尤其是最后一段中的It
depends on how you look through them.可知，文章主要講述了
Quinterro通過望遠鏡從不同的視角見到了不一樣的風景。因此A項
（不同的視角）為文章最佳標題。
C
　　High on the top of White Mountains of the US， the hard conditions
make it difficult for life to take root.But for a certain type of tree — and
for those who have travelled here to study it — this place is a perfect
place.
　　These bristlecone pines are the oldest individual trees in the
world.Researchers like Andy Bunn have come to learn from the
ancients.“It’s remarkable to sit here and have your hand on one of these
trees and know that it was growing when the pyramids were built，”
Bunn added.
　　“By studying samples from the trunks， it’s possible to discover
their hidden precise history.Each tree ring is like a time capsule of the
environment for that year from which it was formed，” said Matt
Salzer， a scientist at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-
Ring Research.“And it contains dozens of information — chemical
information， the information on growth， and climate information.”
　　“If you’re trying to look at people in the past through time， tree
rings give you a way to do it in a way that makes sense in a human
life，” said Charlotte Pearson，a professor in the University of
Arizona.She first became fascinated by the bristlecone pines after reading
about an ancient volcanic eruption on the Greek island of Santorini.“It
blew my mind that trees on the other side of the world could possibly be
used to date this thing within a single year，” she said excitedly.
　　The oldest known living bristlecone pine is estimated to be over 4，
800 years old.For Bunn， the climate record written in the tree rings
offers guidance for how we might think about what’s happening in the
present as we plan for the future.“What we’re seeing increasingly is
that a lot of climate events that we are experiencing and living through
right now have no example in the paleoclimate （古氣候） record，” he
insisted.“So， we are really moving into an unknown field.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國深山中生長的
一種松樹。這是全世界最長壽的樹種，其中最老的那棵樹已經活了
超過四千八百年了。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國深山中生長的
一種松樹。這是全世界最長壽的樹種，其中最老的那棵樹已經活了
超過四千八百年了。
9. Why did Bunn mention the pyramids in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. To state the trees are very old.
B. To prove his discovery is important.
C. To attract readers’ attention.
D. To stress the hard living conditions of the trees.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的the oldest individual trees
in the world以及it was growing when the pyramids were built可知，提
到金字塔是為了說明這種松樹非常古老。
10. What’s the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A. The result of the research.
B. The process of the research.
C. The method of the research.
D. The significance of the research.
解析： 　段落大意題。根據第三段中的discover their hidden
precise history以及it contains dozens of information — chemical
information， the information on growth， and climate information可
知，研究這種樹有很多益處。由此可知，第三段主要介紹了這項
研究的意義。
11. What does the underlined part “It blew my mind” in Paragraph 4
probably mean？（　　）
A. It puzzled me. B. It surprised me.
C. It defeated me. D. It disappointed me.
解析： 　句意理解題。根據畫線部分所在句的前一句可知，
此處是在介紹Charlotte Pearson教授對這種樹著迷的相關情
況。再結合語境推測后邊是說她對這種樹著迷的原因。結合畫
線部分所在句中的she said excitedly可知，B項與畫線部分更
匹配，更符合語境。
12. What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A. The paleoclimate record is hard to find.
B. There are lots of unknown things about pines.
C. Studying the tree rings is important for climate research.
D. There were frequent occurrences of the extreme climate events.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據最后一段第二句可知，寫在年輪中
的氣候記錄為我們在計劃未來時如何看待現在發生的事情提供了
指導。由此可知，研究樹木年輪對氣候研究很重要。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch
butterflies for fun in 2020.
　　But after realizing the monarchs were an endangered species，
their 　13　 soon turned into a serious and passionate mission.
　　They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had 　14　
since the early 1990s， due to habitat 　15　 and the widespread use of
chemicals， which made the milkweed （馬利筋） the
monarchs 　16　for their main diet dangerous to eat.
　　So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a
native garden 　17　 for the monarchs.The garden grew organic
milkweed that 　18　and kept the butterflies.To alert people to the
creature’s condition and help 　19　 the locals to sustain the monarch
population， they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local
library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but
it 　20　 a lot.To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the farmers’
market to sell their 　21　milkweed to people to plant.Although the
fundraising days were 　22　， they finally succeeded in earning enough
money with their hard work and people’s support.
　　The team has won the silver award for their 　23　of taking care of
butterflies， but they are not 　24　 with their work.“Our next step is to
cut down on the use of 　25　 to guarantee a safe environment for the
monarchs，”said Natalie.In the award ceremony， their teacher
Brian 　26　，“I am so proud of them for their constant 　27　.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Natalie和Callie從養帝王
蝶的愛好到致力于保護帝王蝶的故事，她們的項目最終獲獎且受到
好評。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Natalie和Callie從養帝王
蝶的愛好到致力于保護帝王蝶的故事，她們的項目最終獲獎且受到
好評。
13. A. dream B. hobby
C. career D. decision
解析： 　根據文章首句可知，Natalie和Callie以前是把養帝王蝶
作為一種愛好，但在意識到帝王蝶是瀕危物種后，她們的愛好很
快就變成了一項嚴肅而具有強烈信念的任務。dream夢想；hobby
業余愛好；career事業；decision決定。
14. A. doubled B. faded
C. declined D. exploded
解析： 　根據上文the monarchs were an endangered species可知，
由于種種原因，帝王蝶已經是瀕危物種，數量應該是在減少。
double（使）加倍；fade逐漸消失；decline減少；explode爆炸。
15. A. management B. assessment
C. selection D. destruction
解析： 　此處講述帝王蝶數量減少的原因，帝王蝶棲息地遭到
破壞是其原因之一。management管理；assessment評估；selection
選擇；destruction摧毀，破壞。
16. A. relied on B. kept off
C. broke down D. gave away
解析： 　分析句子結構可知，the monarchs 　16　 for their
main diet為定語從句，修飾the milkweed，空處為定語從句的
謂語，此處指帝王蝶所依賴的主要食物是馬利筋草。rely on依
賴；keep off與……保持距離；break down打破；分解；give
away泄露；贈送。
17. A. partly B. secretly
C. rarely D. specially
解析： 　根據下文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，這個
本土花園種植著帝王蝶的主要食物馬利筋草，因此是專門為帝王
蝶種植的本土花園。partly部分地；secretly秘密地；rarely很少；
specially專門地。
18. A. attracted B. protected
C. monitored D. enhanced
解析： 　這個本土花園種植著帝王蝶的主要食物馬利筋草，這
會吸引并留住帝王蝶。attract吸引；protect保護；monitor監視；
enhance改進，增強。
19. A. employ B. educate
C. force D. limit
解析： 根據下文they created an exhibition about the monarchs in
the local library可知，她們舉辦關于帝王蝶展覽的目的是提醒人們
注意這種生物的現狀，并幫助教育當地人維持帝王蝶的數量。
employ雇用；educate教育；force迫使；limit限制。
20. A. meant B. cost C. changed D. hurt
解析： 　根據下文的To cover the expense和the fundraising days可
知，她們還想在鎮上張貼一個教育標志，但這花費很大。mean意
味著；cost花費；change改變；hurt傷害。
21. A. dry B. medical
C. healthy D. wild
解析： 　根據上文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，她們
種植的是有機的馬利筋草，因此賣給人們種的馬利筋草應該是健
康的。dry干燥的；medical醫學的；healthy健康的；wild野生的。
22. A. pleasing B. light
C. long D. disappointing
解析： 　根據下文they finally succeeded in earning enough money
with their hard work and people’s support可知，籌款并不順利，持
續的日子很長。pleasing令人愉悅的；light明亮的；long漫長的；
disappointing令人失望的。
23. A. project B. concept
C. schedule D. assignment
解析： 　她們為保護帝王蝶設立了一個花園，這是一個項目。
project項目；concept概念；schedule工作計劃；assignment任務。
24. A. concerned B. connected
C. finished D. occupied
解析： 　根據下文Our next step is ...可知，她們還有保護帝王
蝶的下一步計劃，說明她們保護帝王蝶的工作尚未完成。be
finished with sth完成某事。
25. A. chemicals B. time
C. funds D. energy
解析： 　根據第三段中的the widespread use of chemicals可知，
因化學制品的廣泛使用，帝王蝶的生存環境不安全，所以此處表
示要減少化學品的使用，以保證帝王蝶擁有安全的環境。
chemical化學制品；time時間；fund基金；energy精力。
26. A. quoted B. continued
C. replied D. commented
解析： 　根據下文的I am so proud of them for their
constant 　27　.可知，這是她們的老師布萊恩對她們的評論。
quote引用；continue繼續；reply答復；comment評論。
27. A. donations B. support
C. patience D. efforts
解析： 　根據上文可知，二人為了保護帝王蝶，不僅給帝王蝶
種食物，做保護帝王蝶的宣傳活動，還賺錢來實現目標。由此可
知，老師為她們的不斷努力感到驕傲。donation捐贈；support支
持；patience耐心；effort努力。
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