資源簡(jiǎn)介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.It is no use 　　　　　　（operate） on the sick man now； he should have been sent here early.
2.　　　　　　 （go） abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things.
3.Rachel’s father’s job is 　　　　　　（teach） maths in a high school.
4.In April， thousands of holidaymakers remained 　　　　　　（stick） abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
5.We all rely on it that respecting others is 　　　　（respect） ourselves.
6.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 　　　　　　（sweep） into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
維度二：語(yǔ)法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1.I 　　　　　　　　　　　that you didn’t pass the interview.
我很遺憾地告訴你，你的面試沒(méi)有通過(guò)。
2.It is our duty 　　　　　　　　　　　　and see what went wrong.
我們有責(zé)任分析問(wèn)題，看看出了什么問(wèn)題。
3.I 　　　　　　　　　at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
我對(duì)昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能更好些。
4.I can hardly imagine Peter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我很難想象彼得借酒消愁。
5.Her cellphone 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， which made her upset.
她的手機(jī)被盜了，這使她很心煩。
6.They asked 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to work as teachers.
他們請(qǐng)求被派到中國(guó)西部去當(dāng)教師。
7.His wish is 　　　　　　　　　in the future.
他的愿望是將來(lái)當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
維度三：語(yǔ)法與語(yǔ)篇
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面短文。
　　It is usual for young people and old people not 1.　　　　　　 （agree） with each other about life，work and play.But in one special program in New York State， the adults and the teenagers live in peace.Each summer， 200 teenagers and 50 adults keep 2.　　　　　　 （live） for eight weeks as members of a special work group.Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the villages.Some learn 3.　　　　　　 （make） furniture and to build houses.The adults are 4.　　　　　　 （delight） to teach them these skills.Everyone has several free hours every day and is completely free on weekends， too.During the free hours some teenagers enjoy photographing or 5.　　　　　　 （paint）.
　　It is necessary 6.　　　　　　 （make） rules when people live together.In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together.When someone breaks the rules， the group will discuss the problem.After the program，one of the teenagers said，“This program has taught me that I should stop 7.　　　　　　 （think） only about myself.I began to think about the whole group.”
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Over the past decade or so， camera technology has become more and more integrated into our everyday lives.We use our phone camera to store memories and important information， and cameras help keep us safe while we are driving.Parallel parking is much easier now because cars come with rearview cameras.
　　However， up until now， cameras have also been limited.Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013， but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision， and can be clumsy （笨拙的）.They work by essentially merging images coming from two or more cameras.This can lead to distortion （失真）.In addition， using the cameras underwater also leads to distortion as light is refracted （折射） differently underwater.
　　According to Fast Company， the researchers took inspiration from nature.They began by studying the fiddler crab （招潮蟹） and its compound eye.Unlike humans， fiddler crabs can look in many directions at the same time， giving them a full 360 degree field of vision.In addition， fiddler crabs need to be able to see well both on land and in water.
　　Dr Fredo Durand， a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory， told Laser Focus World， “Amphibians （兩棲動(dòng)物） are particularly exciting because they need to operate in two environments with vastly different visual characteristics.It’s humbling to learn from nature how to address these challenges.”
　　The result is a little round black ball of a camera that interprets and understands light in various ways.The scientists tested the camera’s capabilities by projecting a group of images onto the camera at different angles.They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its underwater capabilities.It passed with flying colours.
　　Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is not ready for commercial use， the hope is that it will eventually be used to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and improving camera capabilities in the rain.
1.Which is a limitation of the wide field of vision cameras？（　　）
A.They can only be used underwater.
B.They occupy too much space.
C.They consist of only two cameras.
D.They cover a limited field of vision.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A.The surprising adaptability of the fiddler crab.
B.The advantages of the fiddler crab’s compound eye.
C.The way of carrying out research into creatures.
D.The possibility of having a 360 degree field of vision.
3.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “immersed” in Paragraph 5？（　　）
A.Designed. B.Repaired.
C.Drowned. D.Abandoned.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards the camera？（　　）
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Unclear. D.Carefree.
B
　　In valleys with thick plants， different-sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs，tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan， Fujian Province.There are more than 23，000 tulou in Yongding， which became well-known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008.“The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal （共有的） living and defensive organization， and， in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment， an outstanding example of the human settlement，” UNESCO said.
　　The multistorey giant tulou buildings were built with wood and mud walls.Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries， these massive communal homes were sited based on fengshui principles， which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment.Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea， tobacco， rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
　　Throughout history， tulou residents have mostly been Hakkas — migrants in southern China.Population pressures created conflict between the Hakkas and their neighbours， so they built their homes to double as defending.The buildings are mainly four or five storeys high.The first floor serves as the kitchen， the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas.The structures are mainly symmetrical （對(duì)稱的）， and their defensive features include ironclad gates， escape tunnels， narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs， and a water well.For their defensive function， only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows， which are very small.With sufficient food， the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
　　Communal living is integral to these villages， where the closed wall design boosts social interaction.Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings.Tulou is such a superb piece of architecture， living up to the title given by UNESCO.
5.What do we know about tulou？（　　）
A.Over 23，000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B.Among 23，000 tulou， only 46 became famous globally.
C.They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D.Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
6.What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict？（　　）
A.Escape tunnels. B.Enough food.
C.Small windows. D.Defensive weapons.
7.What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou？（　　）
A.Favorable. B.Unclear.
C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
8.Which of the following could be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Tulou： in Harmony with Their Environments
B.Tulou： Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings
C.Tulou： Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D.Tulou： a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Nature has a lot to offer.9.（　　）.Here are some valuable life lessons.
　　·Respect our roots.With time， a young tree grows into a full-grown one — something that was so tiny and delicate develops into a strong tree capable of supporting others.However tall it grows， its roots are firmly buried where it once took root.10.（　　）， and give something back to those humble beginnings that made us develop into who we are.
　　·Develop our creativity.Have you ever noticed various types of different plants’ leaves， those brightly coloured flowers， and unique patterns on animals？With so much beauty around， who could refuse to admit that nature is the most creative artist out there？11.（　　）.Be inspired and create something that will in turn inspire others.
　　·Learn to coexist peacefully.Nature provides every creature a chance to exist， however big or small it may be.12.（　　）.The tiger eats the antelope； without the antelope，the tiger wouldn’t survive.Likewise， without tigers， the overpopulation of antelopes would cause them to starve to death.
　　·13.（　　）.For example， the icy cold snow melts in the warmth of spring to give birth to fresh green leaves， and these leaves turn into shades of gold in the autumn but are once again buried in the cold winter.Change is unavoidable.It is important that we enjoy what we have to the fullest because who knows how long it will last.Meanwhile， we shouldn’t get attached to things that may lead to heartbreak and sorrow.
　　What we can learn from nature is limitless.So learn to respect her and include her wisdom in our lives.
A.Change is constant
B.We should not forget but respect our origins
C.She inspires creatures to challenge themselves
D.Trying to maintain the balance of nature is essential
E.She teaches us values that may lead to a full and happy life
F.Take a minute to admire this beautiful artist’s creation around you
G.But the existence of one creature depends on the existence of the other
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·廣東潮州高二上期末）In the last 100 years， the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75 ℃.Such a small increase is causing sea levels to rise and 　14　 the habitat of many species of plants and animals.A（n） 　15　 of 2 ℃ in global temperatures could result in 　16　 of 30% of the world’s land species.
　　Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100 years and experts 　17　 that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in the near future.　18　， areas which were land a few hundred years ago are now under water.
　　As a result of the changing 　19　， the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster than ever before.So what is 　20　 climate change？ The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of greenhouse gases like CO2 in the atmosphere， but the reason for this is the world’s population — you and me.As the 　21　 increases， more land is needed to provide food， and more energy is 　22　 too.Burning fossil fuels for heating， lighting， transport， or electricity 　23　 CO2.Furthermore， humans breathe out CO2 and trees “breathe in” CO2 and produce oxygen — so by 　24　 trees， we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen.As a result of these 　25　， CO2 levels are now at their highest for 800，000 years.
　　The biggest 　26　 we all face is to prevent further environmental disasters.We need to 　27　 burning fossil fuels and start using renewable energy.If we can get enough 　28　 from renewable fuels， we can stop using fossil fuels completely.
14.（　）A.attacking B.ignoring
C.threatening D.discovering
15.（　）A.limitation B.reduction
C.increase D.improvement
16.（　）A.extinction B.escape
C.change D.development
17.（　）A.argue B.explain
C.doubt D.predict
18.（　）A.Surprisingly B.Consequently
C.Immediately D.Usually
19.（　）A.climate B.height
C.period D.environment
20.（　）A.forcing B.allowing
C.causing D.helping
21.（　）A.animal B.species
C.plant D.population
22.（　）A.wasted B.needed
C.supplied D.stored
23.（　）A.produces B.includes
C.requires D.provides
24.（　）A.transporting to B.searching for
C.planting in D.cutting down
25.（　）A.questions B.activities
C.procedures D.disasters
26.（　）A.challenge B.disadvantage
C.adventure D.influence
27.（　）A.consider B.deny
C.stop D.hate
28.（　）A.time B.energy
C.inspiration D.knowledge
Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空
　　Malaindrano is a giant baobab （猴面包樹） that is hollowed out （被挖空） for the storage of water， 29.　　　　　　 （exist） in the rural area in Madagascar.Malaindrano means “he who hates water”， 30.　　　　　　 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all.It is so big that many people believe it has never been 31.　　　　　　（complete） filled.Even semi-full， the trees are vital for storing water in one of Madagascar’s driest regions.Also known 32.　　　　　　 bottle trees because of their unique thick trunks， such baobab trees form a network of 33.　　　　　　（nature） water tanks.Employing them has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare， and where the little rain that falls 34.　　　　　　 （absorb） quickly by the soil.
Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food.In the 1920s and 1930s， thousands of people 35.　　　　　（die） because of extreme drought.This forced the locals to take inspiration from nature and come up with an idea： hollowing out baobabs 36.　　　　　（store） water when water is abundant.A large baobab has the 37.　　　　　　（able） to store about 14，000 litres of water.Today， some 20，000 people live in the region， many of 38.　　　　　　 rely on the tree water for around a third of the year.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)
維度一
1.operating　2.Going　3.teaching　4.stuck　5.respecting
6.swept
維度二
1.regret to inform you
2.to analyse the problem
3.was disappointed
4.drowning his sadness in wine
5.got stolen
6.to be sent to the west of China
7.to be a doctor
維度三
1.to agree　2.living　3.to make　4.delighted　5.painting　6.to make　7.thinking
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。近十年來(lái)，相機(jī)技術(shù)已經(jīng)越來(lái)越多地融入我們的日常生活。研究人員從自然界中尋找靈感，研究并開發(fā)了一種新款相機(jī)。
1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013， but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision， and can be clumsy （笨拙的）.可知，寬視野相機(jī)覆蓋的視野有限。
2.B　段落大意題。第三段提到研究人員開始研究招潮蟹和它的復(fù)眼，與人類不同的是，招潮蟹可以同時(shí)向多個(gè)方向看，這給了它360度的視野。此外，招潮蟹需要在陸地和水中都能看得很清楚。由此可知，本段主要介紹了招潮蟹復(fù)眼的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
3.C　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的to test its underwater capabilities可知，為了測(cè)試相機(jī)的水下能力，要將相機(jī)浸泡在水中。design設(shè)計(jì)；repair修理；drown浸泡；abandon放棄。
4.A　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，雖然這款相機(jī)仍處于開發(fā)的早期階段，還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好投入商業(yè)使用，但人們希望它最終能通過(guò)提高相機(jī)的整體質(zhì)量和其在雨天的性能，來(lái)幫助提高汽車的安全性。由此可知，作者對(duì)于這款相機(jī)的態(tài)度是積極的。positive積極的；doubtful懷疑的；unclear不確定的；carefree不負(fù)責(zé)任的。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的土樓建筑，以及其建造特點(diǎn)、功能等。
5.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function可知，土樓是具有傳統(tǒng)和功能的杰出建筑。
6.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的With sufficient food， the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.可知，在長(zhǎng)期的沖突中，對(duì)居民來(lái)說(shuō)最重要的是有足夠的食物。
7.A　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Tulou is such a superb piece of architecture， living up to the title given by UNESCO.可知，作者對(duì)土樓的評(píng)價(jià)是肯定的，因此作者對(duì)土樓保護(hù)的態(tài)度可能是支持的。favorable支持的，贊同的；unclear不確定的；negative消極的；unconcerned不關(guān)心的。
8.D　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章在第一段對(duì)土樓進(jìn)行整體介紹，接下來(lái)介紹了土樓的建造特點(diǎn)、功能等。因此，D項(xiàng)（土樓：中國(guó)特色的居住與防御相結(jié)合的建筑）最適合作文章標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。大自然給我們提供了很多東西，并且教會(huì)我們很多道理。文章列舉了一些我們能從大自然中學(xué)到的道理。
9.E　根據(jù)空后的Here are some valuable life lessons.可知，E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，起承上啟下的作用。
10.B　根據(jù)本段主旨句Respect our roots可推知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)中的origins呼應(yīng)上文中的roots。
11.F　結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。F項(xiàng)中的this beautiful artist’s creation呼應(yīng)上文中的nature is the most creative artist。
12.G　根據(jù)本段空后內(nèi)容可知，生物間是相互依存的。故G項(xiàng)（但一種生物的存在依靠另一種生物的存在）符合語(yǔ)境。
13.A　根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要說(shuō)明改變是不可避免且持續(xù)不斷的。由此可知，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
Ⅲ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了氣候變化對(duì)全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響和引起氣候變化的原因。
14.C　根據(jù)上文causing sea levels to rise and可知，海平面上升從而威脅到了許多動(dòng)植物的棲息地。attack攻擊；ignore忽視；threaten威脅；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。
15.C　根據(jù)上文In the last 100 years， the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75 ℃.可知，本段主要講全球氣溫升高的影響。因此，此處意為“全球氣溫每升高2 ℃”。limitation限制；reduction減少；increase升高；improvement改善。
16.A　上文提到了海平面上升威脅到許多動(dòng)植物的棲息地。由此可知，氣溫升高會(huì)導(dǎo)致物種滅絕。extinction滅絕；escape逃走；change改變；development發(fā)展。
17.D　根據(jù)空后的that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in the near future可知，此處是專家的預(yù)測(cè)：在不久的將來(lái)，全球海平面可能會(huì)上升59厘米。argue爭(zhēng)論；explain解釋；doubt懷疑；predict預(yù)測(cè)。
18.B　上文提到在過(guò)去的100年里，英國(guó)的海平面上升了大約10厘米，因此結(jié)果就是幾百年前還是陸地的地區(qū)現(xiàn)在都被水淹沒(méi)了。surprisingly驚人地；consequently結(jié)果；immediately立即；usually通常。
19.A　根據(jù)下文the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster than ever before可知，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化是因?yàn)闅夂蛟诎l(fā)生變化。下文climate change也給出了提示。climate氣候；height高度；period時(shí)期；environment環(huán)境。
20.C　根據(jù)下文The main cause of climate change可知，此處問(wèn)的是：是什么導(dǎo)致了氣候變化？force迫使；allow允許；cause導(dǎo)致；help幫助。
21.D　根據(jù)上文The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of ... you and me.可知，此處指人口的增長(zhǎng)。animal動(dòng)物；species物種；plant植物；population人口。
22.B　根據(jù)上文more land is needed to provide food可知，隨著人口的增長(zhǎng)，需要更多的土地來(lái)提供食物，同時(shí)也需要更多的能源。waste浪費(fèi)；need需要；supply供應(yīng)；store儲(chǔ)存。
23.A　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，燃燒化石燃料會(huì)產(chǎn)生二氧化碳。produce產(chǎn)生；include包含；require需要；provide提供。
24.D　根據(jù)下文we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen.可知，我們?cè)黾恿舜髿庵械亩趸己浚且驗(yàn)榭撤ド帧ransport to運(yùn)送到；search for尋找；plant in種植；cut down砍伐。
25.B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，人口增加、燃燒化石燃料、砍伐森林等人類的一系列活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳增加。question問(wèn)題；activity活動(dòng)；procedure程序；disaster災(zāi)難。
26.A　根據(jù)下文to prevent further environmental disasters可知，防止進(jìn)一步的環(huán)境災(zāi)難是人們面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。challenge挑戰(zhàn)；disadvantage缺點(diǎn)；adventure冒險(xiǎn)；influence影響。
27.C　根據(jù)下文we can stop using fossil fuels completely可知，我們需要停止燃燒化石燃料，開始使用可再生能源。consider考慮；deny否認(rèn)；stop停止；hate討厭。
28.B　根據(jù)空后的from renewable fuels可知，從燃料中獲得的是能量。time時(shí)間；energy能量；inspiration鼓舞；knowledge知識(shí)。
Ⅳ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了馬達(dá)加斯加的猴面包樹的儲(chǔ)水功能，該功能幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝藨?yīng)對(duì)干旱的氣候。
29.existing　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Malaindrano后的is是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，that is ... of water為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾baobab；空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，exist與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Malaindrano為主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)。故填existing。
30.but　考查連詞。空處前后分別為兩個(gè)完整的句子，都不缺成分，空處應(yīng)用連詞，且空前與空后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。
31.completely　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處修飾filled，應(yīng)用副詞，故填completely。
32.as　考查介詞。be known as意為“以……著稱”。此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，故填as。
33.natural　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處修飾空后的名詞短語(yǔ)water tanks，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故填natural。
34.is absorbed　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致。空處在where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ)；陳述客觀存在的狀況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；the little rain與absorb之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)為the little rain，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填 is absorbed。
35.died　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In the 1920s and 1930s可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填died。
36.to store　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to store。
37.ability　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。have the ability to do sth意為“有做某事的能力”。故填ability。
38.whom　考查定語(yǔ)從句。many of 38.　　　　　 rely on the tree water for around a third of the year為“many of＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞some 20，000 people，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，指人，故填whom。
1 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
復(fù)習(xí)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
①It is natural to think in this way ...
②Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms， ...
③People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
④...it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
⑤Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
⑥To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
⑦Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.以上句子中，句①和句⑥中的To use biomimicry為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作　　　　，有時(shí)可以用　　　　作形式主語(yǔ)而把動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)放在后面，如句①；句②中的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作　　　　；句④和句⑥中的to create structures為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作　　　　。
2.句③中的動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作　　　　；句⑦中的動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作　　　　。
3.句⑤中為過(guò)去分詞作　　　　。
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞概述
　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不可單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。
二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式
形式 主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式
動(dòng)詞不 定式 一般式 to do to be done
進(jìn)行式 to be doing ——
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing ——
動(dòng)詞-ing 形式 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
過(guò)去分詞 done ——
名師點(diǎn)津
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式是在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面直接加not，如not to do， not doing， not to be done， not having done。
三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能
　　句法功能 形式　　　 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
動(dòng)詞-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
過(guò)去分詞 √ √ √ √
四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能
1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)
（1）動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)多指抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常性的行為；動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤指一次性的動(dòng)作。
To teach you English is my job.
教你們英語(yǔ)是我的工作。
Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting experience.
沿著古老的絲綢之路旅行是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。
（2）動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，都可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，經(jīng)常用于以下句型中：
①It is/was no use/good/worth ... doing sth
②It＋be＋名詞＋to do sth
③It＋be＋difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary ...＋for sb to do sth
④It＋be＋careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise ...＋of sb to do sth
It is important for the data to be updated regularly.
數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)常被更新是重要的。
It is no good playing computer games all day long.
整天玩電腦游戲是不好的。
【即時(shí)演練1】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①　　　　　　 （expose） to the sunlight does great harm to your skin.
②It’s hard 　　　　　　（distinguish） one twin from the other.
③It took him about a month 　　　　　　（accustom） himself to the senior high life.
④　　　　　　 （face） up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
⑤I think it is no good 　　　　　　（have） another talk with him on this matter.
2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中都可以作賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)一般表示一次性的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)常表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。但在很多情況下，兩者可以通用，使用時(shí)要注意一些特殊的規(guī)則。
（1）下列動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)：
decide/determine， learn， want， expect/hope/wish； refuse， manage， care， pretend； offer， promise， choose， plan； agree， ask/beg， help； afford， strive， happen， wait， threaten， fail等
If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock， I will not be coming.
如果我7點(diǎn)鐘沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的話，我就不會(huì)來(lái)了。
After a gap of five years， Jennifer decided to go back to work full-time.
間隔五年之后，詹妮弗決定繼續(xù)全職工作。
（2）下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后只能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)：
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon； admit，delay/put off，fancy； avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice； deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate； forbid，imagine，risk； can’t help，mind， allow/permit， escape等
此外，下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)：
be used/accustomed to， lead to， be devoted to， go back to， stick to， object to， get down to， pay attention to， can’t stand， give up， feel like， insist on， thank ...for， apologise for， be busy （in）， have difficulty/trouble （in）， have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）， spend time （in）等
I don’t mind having a dog in the house so long as it’s clean.
我不反對(duì)房子里有條狗，只要它干凈就行了。
He has become accustomed to doing morning exercises every day.
他每天晨練，已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常了。
（3）下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后既可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意。
后接動(dòng)詞不定式 后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式
regret to do sth 遺憾地去做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做過(guò)某事
forget to do sth 忘記要去做某事 forget doing sth 忘記做過(guò)某事
remember to do sth 記得要去做某事 remember doing sth 記得做過(guò)某事
mean to do sth 打算去做某事 mean doing sth 意味著做某事
try to do sth 努力/企圖去做某事 try doing sth 嘗試做某事
can’t help （to） do sth 不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
If we want to catch the 7：30 train， that will mean leaving the house at 6：00.
如果我們想趕上7：30的火車，那就意味著要6：00從家中出發(fā)。
I didn’t mean to leave her name off the list； it was an oversight.
我不是有意在名單上漏掉她的名字的，這是個(gè)疏忽。
（4）動(dòng)詞allow， permit， forbid， advise等后直接跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
Sorry， we don’t allow making noises in the reading room.
對(duì)不起，在閱覽室里不準(zhǔn)喧嘩。
We don’t allow students to make noises in the reading room.
我們不允許學(xué)生在閱覽室里喧嘩。
（5）need， want， require作“需要”，deserve作“應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得”講時(shí)，其后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式（doing）或動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式（to be done）表示被動(dòng)意義。be worth后也用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式（doing）表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。
The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning.
窗戶需要擦了。
（6）think， find， feel， make， believe等動(dòng)詞可用于“動(dòng)詞＋it＋形容詞＋to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)，在此句型中，it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。
I think it important to take notes in all classes.
我認(rèn)為在所有課上做筆記是重要的。
【即時(shí)演練2】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Tom’s English is not good， so he devoted all his free time to 　　　　　　　　（study） it.
②He didn’t feel well and suggested 　　　　　　　　　　（give） a good medical examination.
③She pretended 　　　　　　（read） when the teacher came into the classroom.
④If you wish to be admitted to a key university， you must tolerate 　　　　　　（work） hard all the three years in senior high school.
⑤I intend 　　　　　　（take） full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.
3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)
（1）動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。
動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)雖然都是用于回答主語(yǔ)“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些區(qū)別。動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次性的、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；而動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一般性的、抽象的、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我們的計(jì)劃是更好地利用這些材料。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你們英語(yǔ)。
（2）動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。
動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)都是用于回答主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”的。動(dòng)詞-ing形式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，過(guò)去分詞則說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。
I was surprised at the news that he had failed the test.聽到他考試不及格的消息，我很驚訝。
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他們演奏的音樂(lè)聽起來(lái)令人激動(dòng)。
（3）動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定式表示將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別。
動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)可以交換位置，其意思不變；動(dòng)詞不定式用來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)即將要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)不可交換位置。
The purpose of fundamental education is to develop a fine personality in children.
基礎(chǔ)教育的目的是培養(yǎng)兒童優(yōu)良的品格。
My American teacher is to leave China soon.
我的美國(guó)老師即將離開中國(guó)。
（4）過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)的區(qū)別。
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或特征；過(guò)去分詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。
The painting remains unfinished.
這幅畫仍未完成。
The painting was finished by his apprentice.
這幅畫是由他的徒弟完成的。
【即時(shí)演練3】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The purpose of the activity is 　　　　　（raise） people’s awareness of environmental protection.
②The argument is very 　　　　　　（convince） and we are all convinced of you.
③The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain 　　　　　　（seat） as the plane was making a landing.
④Joining the firm as a clerk， he gradually got 　　　　　　（promote） and ended up as a manager.
vary from ...to ...從……到……不等
【教材原句】　This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish， to a tree in blossom， a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.
從池塘和魚兒飛濺的景色，到盛開的樹、寶塔或月亮形的大門，這些都是不同的。
【用法】
（1）vary v.　變化，不同；使不同，使多樣性
vary with 隨……而變化
vary in 在……方面變化，在……方面有差異
（2）variety n. 多樣化；不同種類
a variety of 各種各樣的
（3）various adj. 各種各樣的，各種不同的
【佳句】　The levels of tolerable pain vary greatly from individual to individual.
對(duì)疼痛的忍受程度因人而異，差別很大。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①There are a 　　　　　　（vary） of ways to learn English beyond the classroom.
②Often due to 　　　　　　（vary） pressures， we tend to ignore our health.
③The two products have a lot in common but vary 　　　　　　their functions.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Teenagers’ attitudes towards failure 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
青少年對(duì)待失敗的態(tài)度因人而異。
employ v.使用，運(yùn)用；雇用
【教材原句】　Inspired by dolphins， people have learnt how to send signals underwater， which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
人們受到了海豚的啟發(fā)，學(xué)會(huì)了如何在水下發(fā)送信號(hào)，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)目前被應(yīng)用于海嘯早期預(yù)警系統(tǒng)中。
【用法】
（1）employ sb （as ...） 　雇用某人（為……）
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
employ sth to do sth 運(yùn)用某物做某事
（2）be employed in （doing） sth＝employ oneself in （doing） sth 從事/忙于（做）某事
（3）employer n. 雇用者，雇主
employee n. 受雇者，雇員
【佳句】　Sophisticated statistical analysis was employed to obtain these results.
運(yùn)用尖端的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析技術(shù)得到了這些結(jié)果。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She was employed 　　　　　　a shop assistant the other day.
②I was employed 　　　　　　（assist） the manager with his duties.
【寫美】　同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
③Employed in drawing up plans， the architect didn’t see Tom come in.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the architect didn’t see Tom come in.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語(yǔ)法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.主語(yǔ)　it　賓語(yǔ)　表語(yǔ)　2.表語(yǔ)　主語(yǔ)　3.表語(yǔ)
即時(shí)演練1
①Being exposed　②to distinguish　③to accustom
④Facing　⑤having
即時(shí)演練2
①studying　②being given　③to be reading　④working　⑤to take
即時(shí)演練3
①to raise　②convincing　③seated　④promoted
【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺】
1.①variety　②various　③in　④vary from person to person
2.①as　②to assist　③Employing himself in drawing up plans
6 / 6(共97張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語(yǔ)法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
2
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
重難語(yǔ)法·要攻克
掌握核心語(yǔ)法
1
復(fù)習(xí)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
①It is natural to think in this way ...
②Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of
natural forms， ...
③People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and
science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
④...it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that
surrounds it.
⑤Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so
truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
⑥To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and
processes.
⑦Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony
with our environment.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 以上句子中，句①和句⑥中的To use biomimicry為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)
作 ，有時(shí)可以用 作形式主語(yǔ)而把動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)放
在后面，如句①；句②中的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作 ；句④和句
⑥中的to create structures為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作 。
2. 句③中的動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作 ；句⑦中的動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作
。
3. 句⑤中為過(guò)去分詞作 。
主語(yǔ)　
it　
賓語(yǔ)　
表語(yǔ)　
表語(yǔ)　
主
語(yǔ)　
表語(yǔ)　
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞概述
　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞。非謂
語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不可單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但可以有自
己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。
二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式
形式 主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式
動(dòng)詞不定式 一般式 to do to be done
進(jìn)行式 to be doing ——
完成式 to have done to have
been done
完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing ——
動(dòng)詞-ing形
式 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having
been done
過(guò)去分詞 done ——
名師點(diǎn)津
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式是在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面直接加not，如not to
do， not doing， not to be done， not having done。
三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能
句法功能 形式　　　 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
動(dòng)詞-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
過(guò)去分詞 √ √ √ √
四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能
1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)
（1）動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞-ing形式
作主語(yǔ)多指抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常
性的行為；動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤指一次
性的動(dòng)作。
To teach you English is my job.
教你們英語(yǔ)是我的工作。
Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting experience.
沿著古老的絲綢之路旅行是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。
（2）動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，都可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，
經(jīng)常用于以下句型中：
①It is/was no use/good/worth ... doing sth
②It＋be＋名詞＋to do sth
③It＋be＋difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary ...＋
for sb to do sth
④It＋be＋careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise ...＋of sb to
do sth
It is important for the data to be updated regularly.
數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)常被更新是重要的。
It is no good playing computer games all day long.
整天玩電腦游戲是不好的。
【即時(shí)演練1】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
① （expose） to the sunlight does great harm to your
skin.
②It’s hard （distinguish） one twin from the other.
③It took him about a month （accustom） himself to the
senior high life.
④ （face） up to your problems rather than running away
from them is the best approach to working things out.
⑤I think it is no good （have） another talk with him on this
matter.
Being exposed　
to distinguish　
to accustom　
Facing　
having　
2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中都可以作賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓
語(yǔ)一般表示一次性的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)常表
示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。但在很多情況下，兩者可以通
用，使用時(shí)要注意一些特殊的規(guī)則。
（1）下列動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)：
decide/determine， learn， want， expect/hope/wish； refuse，
manage， care， pretend； offer， promise， choose， plan；
agree， ask/beg， help； afford， strive， happen， wait，
threaten， fail等
If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock， I will not be coming.
如果我7點(diǎn)鐘沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的話，我就不會(huì)來(lái)了。
After a gap of five years， Jennifer decided to go back to work
full-time.
間隔五年之后，詹妮弗決定繼續(xù)全職工作。
（2）下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后只能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)：
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；
admit，delay/put off，fancy； avoid，miss，keep/keep on，
practice； deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate； forbid，imagine，
risk； can’t help，mind， allow/permit， escape等
此外，下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)：
be used/accustomed to， lead to， be devoted to， go back to， stick to， object to， get down to， pay attention to， can’t stand， give up， feel like， insist on， thank ...for， apologise for， be busy （in）， have difficulty/trouble （in）， have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）， spend time （in）等
I don’t mind having a dog in the house so long as it’s clean.
我不反對(duì)房子里有條狗，只要它干凈就行了。
He has become accustomed to doing morning exercises every day.
他每天晨練，已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常了。
（3）下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后既可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可
以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意。
后接動(dòng)詞不定式 后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式
regret to do sth 遺憾地去做某事 regret doing sth
后悔做過(guò)某事
forget to do sth 忘記要去做某事 forget doing sth
忘記做過(guò)某事
remember to do sth 記得要去做某事 remember doing sth
記得做過(guò)某事
后接動(dòng)詞不定式 后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式
mean to do sth 打算去做某事 mean doing sth
意味著做某事
try to do sth 努力/企圖去做某事 try doing sth
嘗試做某事
can’t help （to） do sth 不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing sth
忍不住做某事
If we want to catch the 7：30 train， that will mean leaving the
house at 6：00.
如果我們想趕上7：30的火車，那就意味著要6：00從家中
出發(fā)。
I didn’t mean to leave her name off the list； it was an
oversight.
我不是有意在名單上漏掉她的名字的，這是個(gè)疏忽。
（4）動(dòng)詞allow， permit， forbid， advise等后直接跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式
作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式
作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
Sorry， we don’t allow making noises in the reading room.
對(duì)不起，在閱覽室里不準(zhǔn)喧嘩。
We don’t allow students to make noises in the reading room.
我們不允許學(xué)生在閱覽室里喧嘩。
（5）need， want， require作“需要”，deserve作“應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得”
講時(shí)，其后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式（doing）或動(dòng)詞不定
式的被動(dòng)形式（to be done）表示被動(dòng)意義。be worth后也用
動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式（doing）表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。
The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning.
窗戶需要擦了。
（6）think， find， feel， make， believe等動(dòng)詞可用于“動(dòng)詞＋it
＋形容詞＋to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)，在此句型中，it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而
真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。
I think it important to take notes in all classes.
我認(rèn)為在所有課上做筆記是重要的。
【即時(shí)演練2】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Tom’s English is not good， so he devoted all his free time
to （study） it.
②He didn’t feel well and suggested （give） a good
medical examination.
③She pretended （read） when the teacher came into
the classroom.
studying　
being given　
to be reading　
④If you wish to be admitted to a key university， you must
tolerate （work） hard all the three years in senior high
school.
⑤I intend （take） full advantage of this trip to buy the things
we need.
working　
to take　
3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)
（1）動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。
動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)雖然都是用于回答主語(yǔ)
“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些區(qū)別。動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)
調(diào)的是一次性的、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；而動(dòng)詞-ing形
式作表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一般性的、抽象的、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我們的計(jì)劃是更好地利用這些材料。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你們英語(yǔ)。
（2）動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。
動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)都是用于回答主語(yǔ)“怎么
樣”的。動(dòng)詞-ing形式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，過(guò)去分詞則說(shuō)明主
語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。
I was surprised at the news that he had failed the test.聽到他考試不及格的消息，我很驚訝。
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他們演奏的音樂(lè)聽起來(lái)令人激動(dòng)。
（3）動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定式表示將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別。
動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)可以
交換位置，其意思不變；動(dòng)詞不定式用來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表
示主語(yǔ)即將要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)不可交換位置。
The purpose of fundamental education is to develop a fine
personality in children.
基礎(chǔ)教育的目的是培養(yǎng)兒童優(yōu)良的品格。
My American teacher is to leave China soon.
我的美國(guó)老師即將離開中國(guó)。
（4）過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)的區(qū)別。
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或特征；過(guò)去分詞用于被
動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。
The painting remains unfinished.
這幅畫仍未完成。
The painting was finished by his apprentice.
這幅畫是由他的徒弟完成的。
【即時(shí)演練3】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The purpose of the activity is （raise） people’s
awareness of environmental protection.
②The argument is very （convince） and we are all
convinced of you.
③The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain
（seat） as the plane was making a landing.
④Joining the firm as a clerk， he gradually got
（promote） and ended up as a manager.
to raise　
convincing　
seated　
promoted　
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
關(guān)注高頻詞匯
2
vary from ...to ...從……到……不等
【教材原句】　This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing
of fish， to a tree in blossom， a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.從池塘
和魚兒飛濺的景色，到盛開的樹、寶塔或月亮形的大門，這些都是不
同的。
【用法】
（1）vary v.　　變化，不同；使不同，使多樣性
vary with 　　隨……而變化
vary in　　 在……方面變化，在……方面有差異
（2）variety n.　　多樣化；不同種類
a variety of 　　各種各樣的
（3）various adj.　　各種各樣的，各種不同的
【佳句】　The levels of tolerable pain vary greatly from individual to
individual.
對(duì)疼痛的忍受程度因人而異，差別很大。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①There are a （vary） of ways to learn English beyond the
classroom.
②Often due to （vary） pressures， we tend to ignore our
health.
③The two products have a lot in common but vary their functions.
variety　
various　
in　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Teenagers’ attitudes towards failure .
青少年對(duì)待失敗的態(tài)度因人而異。
vary from person to person　
employ v.使用，運(yùn)用；雇用
【教材原句】　Inspired by dolphins， people have learnt how to send
signals underwater， which is currently employed in tsunami early-
warning systems.
人們受到了海豚的啟發(fā)，學(xué)會(huì)了如何在水下發(fā)送信號(hào)，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)目前
被應(yīng)用于海嘯早期預(yù)警系統(tǒng)中。
【用法】
（1）employ sb （as ...） 　　雇用某人（為……）
employ sb to do sth 　　雇用某人做某事
employ sth to do sth 　　運(yùn)用某物做某事
（2）be employed in （doing） sth＝employ oneself in （doing） sth　　
從事/忙于（做）某事
（3）employer n.　　雇用者，雇主
employee n.　　受雇者，雇員
【佳句】　Sophisticated statistical analysis was employed to obtain these
results.
運(yùn)用尖端的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析技術(shù)得到了這些結(jié)果。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She was employed a shop assistant the other day.
②I was employed （assist） the manager with his duties.
as　
to assist　
【寫美】　同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
③Employed in drawing up plans， the architect didn’t see Tom come
in.
→ ， the architect didn’t see
Tom come in.
Employing himself in drawing up plans　
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1. It is no use （operate） on the sick man now； he
should have been sent here early.
2. （go） abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two
different things.
operating　
Going　
3. Rachel’s father’s job is （teach） maths in a high
school.
4. In April， thousands of holidaymakers remained （stick）
abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
5. We all rely on it that respecting others is （respect）
ourselves.
6. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got
（sweep） into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
teaching　
stuck　
respecting　
swept　
維度二：語(yǔ)法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1. I that you didn’t pass the interview.
我很遺憾地告訴你，你的面試沒(méi)有通過(guò)。
2. It is our duty and see what went wrong.
我們有責(zé)任分析問(wèn)題，看看出了什么問(wèn)題。
3. I at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to
be better.
我對(duì)昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能更好些。
regret to inform you　
to analyse the problem　
was disappointed　
4. I can hardly imagine Peter .
我很難想象彼得借酒消愁。
5. Her cellphone ， which made her upset.
她的手機(jī)被盜了，這使她很心煩。
6. They asked to work as teachers.
他們請(qǐng)求被派到中國(guó)西部去當(dāng)教師。
7. His wish is in the future.
他的愿望是將來(lái)當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
drowning his sadness in wine　
got stolen　
to be sent to the west of China　
to be a doctor　
維度三：語(yǔ)法與語(yǔ)篇
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面短文。
　　It is usual for young people and old people not 1.
（agree） with each other about life，work and play.But in one special
program in New York State， the adults and the teenagers live in
peace.Each summer， 200 teenagers and 50 adults keep 2.
（live） for eight weeks as members of a special work group.Some
teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the villages.Some learn
3.
to agree　
living　
（make） furniture and to build houses.The adults are
4. （delight） to teach them these skills.Everyone has
several free hours every day and is completely free on weekends，
too.During the free hours some teenagers enjoy photographing or
5. （paint）.
to make　
delighted　
painting　
　　It is necessary 6. （make） rules when people live
together.In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules
together.When someone breaks the rules， the group will discuss the
problem.After the program，one of the teenagers said，“This program
has taught me that I should stop 7. （think） only about
myself.I began to think about the whole group.”
to make　
thinking　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Over the past decade or so， camera technology has become more
and more integrated into our everyday lives.We use our phone camera to
store memories and important information， and cameras help keep us
safe while we are driving.Parallel parking is much easier now because cars
come with rearview cameras.
　　However， up until now， cameras have also been limited.Wide
field of vision cameras have been around since 2013， but these cameras
only have a 180 degree field of vision， and can be clumsy （笨拙
的）.They work by essentially merging images coming from two or more
cameras.This can lead to distortion （失真）.In addition， using the
cameras underwater also leads to distortion as light is refracted （折射）
differently underwater.
　　According to Fast Company， the researchers took inspiration from
nature.They began by studying the fiddler crab （招潮蟹） and its
compound eye.Unlike humans， fiddler crabs can look in many directions
at the same time， giving them a full 360 degree field of vision.In
addition， fiddler crabs need to be able to see well both on land and in
water.
　　Dr Fredo Durand， a professor of electrical engineering and computer
science at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence
Laboratory， told Laser Focus World， “Amphibians （兩棲動(dòng)物） are
particularly exciting because they need to operate in two environments
with vastly different visual characteristics.It’s humbling to learn from
nature how to address these challenges.”
　　The result is a little round black ball of a camera that interprets and
understands light in various ways.The scientists tested the camera’s
capabilities by projecting a group of images onto the camera at different
angles.They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its
underwater capabilities.It passed with flying colours.
　　Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is
not ready for commercial use， the hope is that it will eventually be used
to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and
improving camera capabilities in the rain.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。近十年來(lái)，相機(jī)技術(shù)已經(jīng)越來(lái)越多
地融入我們的日常生活。研究人員從自然界中尋找靈感，研究并開
發(fā)了一種新款相機(jī)。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。近十年來(lái)，相機(jī)技術(shù)已經(jīng)越來(lái)越多
地融入我們的日常生活。研究人員從自然界中尋找靈感，研究并開
發(fā)了一種新款相機(jī)。
1. Which is a limitation of the wide field of vision cameras？（　　）
A. They can only be used underwater.
B. They occupy too much space.
C. They consist of only two cameras.
D. They cover a limited field of vision.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Wide field of vision
cameras have been around since 2013， but these cameras only have a
180 degree field of vision， and can be clumsy （笨拙的）.可知，寬
視野相機(jī)覆蓋的視野有限。
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A. The surprising adaptability of the fiddler crab.
B. The advantages of the fiddler crab’s compound eye.
C. The way of carrying out research into creatures.
D. The possibility of having a 360 degree field of vision.
解析： 　段落大意題。第三段提到研究人員開始研究招潮蟹和它
的復(fù)眼，與人類不同的是，招潮蟹可以同時(shí)向多個(gè)方向看，這給了
它360度的視野。此外，招潮蟹需要在陸地和水中都能看得很清
楚。由此可知，本段主要介紹了招潮蟹復(fù)眼的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
3. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “immersed” in
Paragraph 5？（　　）
A. Designed. B. Repaired.
C. Drowned. D. Abandoned.
解析： 　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的to test its underwater
capabilities可知，為了測(cè)試相機(jī)的水下能力，要將相機(jī)浸泡在水
中。design設(shè)計(jì)；repair修理；drown浸泡；abandon放棄。
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the camera？（　　）
A. Positive. B. Doubtful.
C. Unclear. D. Carefree.
解析： 　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，雖然這款相機(jī)仍處于
開發(fā)的早期階段，還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好投入商業(yè)使用，但人們希望它最終
能通過(guò)提高相機(jī)的整體質(zhì)量和其在雨天的性能，來(lái)幫助提高汽車的
安全性。由此可知，作者對(duì)于這款相機(jī)的態(tài)度是積極的。positive
積極的；doubtful懷疑的；unclear不確定的；carefree不負(fù)責(zé)任的。
B
　　In valleys with thick plants， different-sized round and square
buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs，tulou lie in
mountainous villages in Longyan， Fujian Province.There are more than
23，000 tulou in Yongding， which became well-known after 46 were
given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008.“The structures were
awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition
and function demonstrating a particular type of communal （共有的）
living and defensive organization， and， in terms of their harmonious
relationship with their environment， an outstanding example of the
human settlement，” UNESCO said.
　　The multistorey giant tulou buildings were built with wood and mud
walls.Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries， these massive
communal homes were sited based on fengshui principles， which claim to
use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment.Tulou
are also purposefully resting amid tea， tobacco， rice plantations and
abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
　　Throughout history， tulou residents have mostly been Hakkas —
migrants in southern China.Population pressures created conflict between
the Hakkas and their neighbours， so they built their homes to double as
defending.The buildings are mainly four or five storeys high.The first
floor serves as the kitchen， the second is used for grain storage and the
upper floors act as living areas.The structures are mainly symmetrical
（對(duì)稱的）， and their defensive features include ironclad gates， escape
tunnels， narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs， and a
water well.For their defensive function， only rooms on the third floor
and higher have windows， which are very small.With sufficient food，
the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
　　Communal living is integral to these villages， where the closed wall
design boosts social interaction.Residents gather in the courtyard for
ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings.Tulou is such a superb
piece of architecture， living up to the title given by UNESCO.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的土樓建筑，
以及其建造特點(diǎn)、功能等。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的土樓建筑，
以及其建造特點(diǎn)、功能等。
5. What do we know about tulou？（　　）
A. Over 23，000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B. Among 23，000 tulou， only 46 became famous globally.
C. They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D. Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的The structures were
awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of
tradition and function可知，土樓是具有傳統(tǒng)和功能的杰出建筑。
6. What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict？
（　　）
A. Escape tunnels. B. Enough food.
C. Small windows. D. Defensive weapons.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的With sufficient food，
the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.可知，在
長(zhǎng)期的沖突中，對(duì)居民來(lái)說(shuō)最重要的是有足夠的食物。
7. What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou？
（　　）
A. Favorable. B. Unclear.
C. Negative. D. Unconcerned.
解析： 　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Tulou is such a superb
piece of architecture， living up to the title given by UNESCO. 可
知，作者對(duì)土樓的評(píng)價(jià)是肯定的，因此作者對(duì)土樓保護(hù)的態(tài)度可能
是支持的。favorable支持的，贊同的；unclear不確定的；negative
消極的；unconcerned不關(guān)心的。
8. Which of the following could be the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Tulou： in Harmony with Their Environments
B. Tulou： Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings
C. Tulou： Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D. Tulou： a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
解析： 　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章在第一段對(duì)土樓進(jìn)行整體介紹，接下
來(lái)介紹了土樓的建造特點(diǎn)、功能等。因此，D項(xiàng)（土樓：中國(guó)特色
的居住與防御相結(jié)合的建筑）最適合作文章標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Nature has a lot to offer.9.（　　）.Here are some valuable life
lessons.
　　·Respect our roots.With time， a young tree grows into a full-grown
one — something that was so tiny and delicate develops into a strong tree
capable of supporting others.However tall it grows， its roots are firmly
buried where it once took root.10.（　　）， and give something back
to those humble beginnings that made us develop into who we are.
　　·Develop our creativity.Have you ever noticed various types of
different plants’ leaves， those brightly coloured flowers， and unique
patterns on animals？With so much beauty around， who could refuse to
admit that nature is the most creative artist out there？11.（　　）.Be
inspired and create something that will in turn inspire others.
　　·Learn to coexist peacefully.Nature provides every creature a chance
to exist， however big or small it may be.12.（　　）.The tiger eats the
antelope； without the antelope，the tiger wouldn’t survive.Likewise，
without tigers， the overpopulation of antelopes would cause them to
starve to death.
　　·13.（　　）.For example， the icy cold snow melts in the warmth
of spring to give birth to fresh green leaves， and these leaves turn into
shades of gold in the autumn but are once again buried in the cold
winter.Change is unavoidable.It is important that we enjoy what we have
to the fullest because who knows how long it will last.Meanwhile， we
shouldn’t get attached to things that may lead to heartbreak and sorrow.
　　What we can learn from nature is limitless.So learn to respect her and
include her wisdom in our lives.
A. Change is constant
B. We should not forget but respect our origins
C. She inspires creatures to challenge themselves
D. Trying to maintain the balance of nature is essential
E. She teaches us values that may lead to a full and happy life
F. Take a minute to admire this beautiful artist’s creation around you
G. But the existence of one creature depends on the existence of the other
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。大自然給我們提供了很多東西，并
且教會(huì)我們很多道理。文章列舉了一些我們能從大自然中學(xué)到的道
理。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。大自然給我們提供了很多東西，并
且教會(huì)我們很多道理。文章列舉了一些我們能從大自然中學(xué)到的道
理。
9. E　根據(jù)空后的Here are some valuable life lessons.可知，E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)
境，起承上啟下的作用。
10. B　根據(jù)本段主旨句Respect our roots可推知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)
中的origins呼應(yīng)上文中的roots。
11. F　結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。F項(xiàng)中的this
beautiful artist’s creation呼應(yīng)上文中的nature is the most creative
artist。
12. G　根據(jù)本段空后內(nèi)容可知，生物間是相互依存的。故G項(xiàng)（但一
種生物的存在依靠另一種生物的存在）符合語(yǔ)境。
13. A　根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要說(shuō)明改變是不可避免且持續(xù)不
斷的。由此可知，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·廣東潮州高二上期末）In the last 100 years， the global
temperature has gone up by around 0.75 ℃.Such a small increase is
causing sea levels to rise and 　14　 the habitat of many species of plants
and animals.A（n） 　15　 of 2 ℃ in global temperatures could result
in 　16　 of 30% of the world’s land species.
　　Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100
years and experts 　17　 that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in
the near future. 　18　， areas which were land a few hundred years ago
are now under water.
　　As a result of the changing 　19　， the world’s ecosystems are
also changing faster than ever before.So what is 　20　 climate change？
The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of greenhouse gases
like CO2 in the atmosphere， but the reason for this is the world’s
population — you and me.As the 　21　 increases， more land is needed
to provide food， and more energy is 　22　 too.Burning fossil fuels for
heating， lighting， transport， or electricity 　23　 CO2.Furthermore，
humans breathe out CO2 and trees “breathe in” CO2 and produce
oxygen — so by 　24　
trees， we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and
reducing the amount of oxygen.As a result of these 　25　， CO2 levels
are now at their highest for 800，000 years.
　　The biggest 　26　 we all face is to prevent further environmental
disasters.We need to 　27　 burning fossil fuels and start using
renewable energy.If we can get enough 　28　 from renewable fuels，
we can stop using fossil fuels completely.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了氣候變化對(duì)全球生態(tài)系
統(tǒng)的影響和引起氣候變化的原因。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了氣候變化對(duì)全球生態(tài)系
統(tǒng)的影響和引起氣候變化的原因。
14. A. attacking B. ignoring
C. threatening D. discovering
解析： 　根據(jù)上文causing sea levels to rise and可知，海平面上升
從而威脅到了許多動(dòng)植物的棲息地。attack攻擊；ignore忽視；
threaten威脅；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。
15. A. limitation B. reduction
C. increase D. improvement
解析： 　根據(jù)上文In the last 100 years， the global temperature
has gone up by around 0.75 ℃.可知，本段主要講全球氣溫升高的
影響。因此，此處意為“全球氣溫每升高2 ℃”。limitation限
制；reduction減少；increase升高；improvement改善。
16. A. extinction B. escape
C. change D. development
解析： 　上文提到了海平面上升威脅到許多動(dòng)植物的棲息地。
由此可知，氣溫升高會(huì)導(dǎo)致物種滅絕。extinction滅絕；escape逃
走；change改變；development發(fā)展。
17. A. argue B. explain
C. doubt D. predict
解析： 　根據(jù)空后的that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm
in the near future可知，此處是專家的預(yù)測(cè)：在不久的將來(lái)，全球
海平面可能會(huì)上升59厘米。argue爭(zhēng)論；explain解釋；doubt懷疑；
predict預(yù)測(cè)。
18. A. Surprisingly B. Consequently
C. Immediately D. Usually
解析： 　上文提到在過(guò)去的100年里，英國(guó)的海平面上升了大約
10厘米，因此結(jié)果就是幾百年前還是陸地的地區(qū)現(xiàn)在都被水淹沒(méi)
了。surprisingly驚人地；consequently結(jié)果；immediately立即；
usually通常。
19. A. climate B. height
C. period D. environment
解析： 　根據(jù)下文the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster
than ever before可知，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化是因?yàn)闅夂蛟诎l(fā)生變化。下文
climate change也給出了提示。climate氣候；height高度；period時(shí)
期；environment環(huán)境。
20. A. forcing B. allowing
C. causing D. helping
解析： 　根據(jù)下文The main cause of climate change可知，此處問(wèn)
的是：是什么導(dǎo)致了氣候變化？force迫使；allow允許；cause導(dǎo)
致；help幫助。
21. A. animal B. species
C. plant D. population
解析： 　根據(jù)上文The main cause of climate change is the huge
amount of ... you and me.可知，此處指人口的增長(zhǎng)。animal動(dòng)
物；species物種；plant植物；population人口。
22. A. wasted B. needed
C. supplied D. stored
解析： 　根據(jù)上文more land is needed to provide food可知，隨著
人口的增長(zhǎng)，需要更多的土地來(lái)提供食物，同時(shí)也需要更多的能
源。waste浪費(fèi)；need需要；supply供應(yīng)；store儲(chǔ)存。
23. A. produces B. includes
C. requires D. provides
解析： 　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，燃燒化石燃料會(huì)產(chǎn)生二氧化碳。
produce產(chǎn)生；include包含；require需要；provide提供。
24. A. transporting to B. searching for
C. planting in D. cutting down
解析： 　根據(jù)下文we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the
atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen.可知，我們?cè)黾恿?br/>大氣中的二氧化碳含量，是因?yàn)榭撤ド帧ransport to運(yùn)送到；
search for尋找；plant in種植；cut down砍伐。
25. A. questions B. activities
C. procedures D. disasters
解析： 　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，人口增加、燃燒化石燃料、砍伐森林
等人類的一系列活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳增加。question問(wèn)題；activity
活動(dòng)；procedure程序；disaster災(zāi)難。
26. A. challenge B. disadvantage
C. adventure D. influence
解析： 　根據(jù)下文to prevent further environmental disasters可知，
防止進(jìn)一步的環(huán)境災(zāi)難是人們面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。challenge挑戰(zhàn)；
disadvantage缺點(diǎn)；adventure冒險(xiǎn)；influence影響。
27. A. consider B. deny C. stop D. hate
解析： 　根據(jù)下文we can stop using fossil fuels completely可知，
我們需要停止燃燒化石燃料，開始使用可再生能源。consider考
慮；deny否認(rèn)；stop停止；hate討厭。
28. A. time B. energy
C. inspiration D. knowledge
解析： 　根據(jù)空后的from renewable fuels可知，從燃料中獲
得的是能量。time時(shí)間；energy能量；inspiration鼓舞；
knowledge知識(shí)。
Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空
　　Malaindrano is a giant baobab （猴面包樹） that is hollowed out
（被挖空） for the storage of water， 29. 　　　　　　 （exist） in the
rural area in Madagascar.Malaindrano means “he who hates water”，
30. 　　　　　　 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all.It is so big that
many people believe it has never been 31. 　　　　　　（complete）
filled.Even semi-full， the trees are vital for storing water in one of
Madagascar’s driest regions.Also known 32. 　　　　　　 bottle trees
because of their unique thick trunks， such baobab trees form a network of
33. 　　　　　　
（nature） water tanks.Employing them has allowed people to live in a
place where rain is rare， and where the little rain that falls
34. 　　　　　　（absorb） quickly by the soil.
　　Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food.In the 1920s and 1930s，
thousands of people 35. 　　　　　（die） because of extreme
drought.This forced the locals to take inspiration from nature and come up
with an idea： hollowing out baobabs 36. 　　　　　（store） water
when water is abundant.A large baobab has the 37. 　　　　　　
（able） to store about 14，000 litres of water.Today， some 20，000
people live in the region， many of 38. 　　　　　　rely on the tree
water for around a third of the year.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了馬達(dá)加斯加的猴面包樹
的儲(chǔ)水功能，該功能幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝藨?yīng)對(duì)干旱的氣候。
29. existing　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Malaindrano后的is是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，that
is ... of water為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾baobab；空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，exist與
其邏輯主語(yǔ)Malaindrano為主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)。故填
existing。
30. but　考查連詞。空處前后分別為兩個(gè)完整的句子，都不缺成分，
空處應(yīng)用連詞，且空前與空后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了馬達(dá)加斯加的猴面包樹
的儲(chǔ)水功能，該功能幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝藨?yīng)對(duì)干旱的氣候。
31. completely　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處修飾filled，應(yīng)用副詞，故填
completely。
32. as　考查介詞。be known as意為“以……著稱”。此處為非謂語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，故填as。
33. natural　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處修飾空后的名詞短語(yǔ)water tanks，應(yīng)
用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故填natural。
34. is absorbed　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致。空處在where引
導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ)；陳述客觀存在的狀況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；the
little rain與absorb之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)為the little
rain，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填 is absorbed。
35. died　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In the 1920s and 1930s
可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填died。
36. to store　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)
詞不定式，故填to store。
37. ability　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。have the ability to do sth意為“有做某事的
能力”。故填ability。
38. whom　考查定語(yǔ)從句。many of 38. 　　　　　 rely on the tree
water for around a third of the year為“many of＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非
限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞some 20，000 people，關(guān)系代詞在從句
中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，指人，故填whom。
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