資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.During the past four years， I have had a good deal of 　　　　　　（學術的） experience in communication technology.
2.All the 　　　　　　（代表） from around the world claimed Beijing Winter Olympics was a success.
3.The opinions of his 　　　　　　（同齡人） are more important to him than his parents’ ideas.
4.A number of 　　　　　　（炸彈） have exploded，which attracted the peacekeepers to the spot.
5.They invited many friends and held a party in celebration of their fiftieth wedding 　　　　　（周年紀念日）.
6.By the time you’re 25， you should have a r　　　　 idea of when you’ll be getting married.
7.A few chickens were scratching around in the yard for g　　　　　　.
8.When we look a bit deeper， problems begin to e　　　　　　 immediately.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.By 　　　　　　（collect） activities， they found friendship and warmth.
2.Leading scientists claim breast-fed babies are 　　　　　　（intellectual） brighter.
3.The Chinese middle school students return in September for the start of the new 　　　　　　（academy） year.
4.Not all the content will be directly relevant to your tastes and in fact some of it will be completely 　　　　　　（relevant） to you.
5.The research shows that computer games may cause 　　　　　　（aggressive）.
6.The new model is a testament to the skill and 　　　　　　（dedicate） of the workforce.
7.We are now engaged in a great and most 　　　　（glory） cause， never undertaken by our forefathers.
8.The state of the Chinese civilization was equally inviting to an 　　　　　　（invade）.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.She was so generous that she gave away 　　　　　　　　　　　　（一大筆錢） to the school.
2.They need more materials 　　　　　　　　（與……有關） the present question.
3.The soldiers and villagers 　　　　　　　　　（與……作斗爭） the flood shoulder to shoulder.
4.He worked so hard.　　　　　　　　　　　 （難怪） he has passed the examination.
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （護士不僅要求提高工資）， but they also want to reduce working hours as well.
維度四：課文語法填空
Due to the aggression of the Japanese army in 1937，Peking University， Tsinghua University and Nankai University 1.　　　　　　 （join） together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University to save their educational and intellectual heritage， otherwise 2.　　　　　　 （know） as Lianda.
　　Both professors and students walked more than 2，000 kilometres 3.　　　　　　 Japanese bombs falling on the way.Though conditions were little 4.　　　　　　 （good） once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China， they were faced with lack of food， books and equipment， and sometimes air attacks.
In spite of the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified 5.　　　　　　 the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
6.　　　　 （drive） by a sense of commitment， a great many joined the army 7.　　　　　　 （fight） against the Japanese invaders. One tenth of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters were from Lianda.
Though Lianda is now 8.　　　　　　 （physical） gone， it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities because of its prominent professors and 9.　　　　　　 （talent） students and its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.More than eighty years later， the priceless 10.　　　　　　 （contribute） of Lianda is still valuable.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　I am a Canadian artist living in Victoria. My work focuses on peace. My art helps me find answers， or at least deal with some of the worrying realities of the modern day.
　　My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me. It took a few years before I was able to come to accept that whole experience and work out how to continue to work as an artist.I put my energy into creating natural art facilities that awoke a sense of peace in myself and others. I set up my first project in a large field， using a simple parent-child design. I later did two similar， small works， one in Scotland and the other in Baghdad.
　　I wanted to create something more permanent （長久的）， however， and so I created the Peace Image in Hudson’s Hope. It can’t be seen very well on the ground these days， because the locals just loved riding over the large piles of dirt. I don’t mind that at all. The Peace Image still turns up well from the air and on Google Maps though.
　　For more than 50 years now， I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art. In the autumn of 2013， I was encouraged to lead the creation of a Peace Garden art project at Woodwynn Farms in Central Saanich. After everything we had been through， it was such a gift to work closely with my wife， Elizabeth Wellburn， a talented artist. It was and still is a labour of love.
1.What made the author suffer from great pressure？（　　）
A.His lack of enough money.
B.Some worrying realities.
C.The failure of his first project.
D.His strong support for peace.
2.Why did the author create the Peace Image？（　　）
A.To produce a more lasting thing.
B.To raise people’s awareness of peace.
C.To make people remember him.
D.To satisfy local people’s requirements.
3.How does the author feel about his own artistic works？（　　）
A.Doubtful. B.Discouraged.
C.Satisfied. D.Confident.
4.What is a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.An Artist Concentrating on Peace Design
B.The Life Story of a Canadian Artist
C.Artistic Works Meaning a Labour of Love
D.An Unforgettable Experience
B
　　If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does not privilege one part of humanity， you cannot do it through texts alone， because only some of the world has ever had texts， while most of the world， for most of the time， has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements， and until fairly recently even many literate （有文字的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects， and some chapters of this book are able to do just that， but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict， at Botany Bay， between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side， we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side， we have only a wooden shield （盾） dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day， the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides， there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted， especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas， all of whom appear in this book， can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made： a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact between literate and non-literate societies such as these， all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted， only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation， we have to read not just the texts， but the objects.
5.What is the first paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
6.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
7.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to？（　　）
A.Problem. B.History.
C.Voice. D.Society.
8.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from？（　　）
A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B.A Short History of Australia
C.A History of the World in 100 Objects
D.How Art Works Tell Stories
C
　　Is war unavoidable？Can war be prevented？
　　History tells that there were wars， great or small， in every century， in every decade.Throughout the ages， from the Stone Age to the Atomic Age， men have been fighting， first with swords and shields （盾）， then with guns and cannons， and now， hydrogen bombs and missiles are used for military purposes.But， in spite of all these， it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of every one of us.
　　I am sure that we would not like to experience another world war.If it ever happens， two-thirds of the world and much of the civilisation which men have gained through time， patience and effort will be destroyed.Will then the remaining one-third of the world be able to survive on its own？
　　Our task now is not to blame the past， but to plan for the future.
　　If there is peace in the world， men can use their rockets to explore the mystery of space， their submarines to explore the depth of the sea， their missiles to deliver mails and their fine equipment to penetrate （穿透） the jungles of Africa， instead of using them militarily.
　　Governments can use their money to build more schools， so that more children can be educated to be useful citizens.Scientists can use atomic energy to propel （推動） steamships and planes.They can also design new machines to increase the production of goods and thus improve the way of living of the people.
　　How can a peaceful world be achieved？It requires， in my opinion， the understanding and friendship between all people from all nations.Let no one suffer discrimination by reason of colour， race， religion， or national origin.Let the rich support the poor and the strong help the weak.
　　We know that neither peace nor such a dream world can come true in a day or a month.It may even take decades or centuries.But let us plan and begin now.
9.In the writer’s opinion， 　　　　.（　　）
A.it is too difficult to achieve peace
B.peace can be won through the efforts of all human beings
C.another world war is inevitable
D.wars will always exist in the world
10.Which word can best describe the writer’s picture of the future of the world？（　　）
A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic.
C.Imaginative. D.Disappointing.
11.What can we infer from the passage？（　　）
A.Wars were not expensive in the past.
B.Wars can promote the development of weapons.
C.Things for military use can be transformed to peaceful use.
D.As long as there are wars， people’s way of living cannot be improved.
12.What’s the best title for this passage？（　　）
A.The Past and the Future
B.To Die or to Survive
C.War and Peace
D.Understanding and Friendship
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Do you know some surprising innovations that came from World War Ⅰ？ Here are some introductions.
　　Daylight Saving Time
　　The idea of fiddling （不停擺弄） with the clock has been around since ancient times， but it was not until World WarⅠ that governments around the globe officially adopted daylight saving time. Why？ To save resources such as fuel and extend the workday for the war effort. 13.（　　）， and the Allies followed shortly after. To clear up confusion about the concept， a newspaper used a comic strip to explain the first “spring forward” in the United States in 1918.
　　Blood Banks
　　14.（　　）， but doctors barely performed them before World War Ⅰ， when they were accomplished by transfusing blood directly from one person to another. Captain Oswald Robertson， a US Army Reserve doctor consulting with the British army， recognized the need to stock blood before casualties（傷員） emerged.
　　Hollywood
　　With so much of Europe in the gunfire， the European film industry had to scale back （縮減） dramatically.15.（　　）. Hollywood was still in its early stage， but its studios soon made fortunes producing wartime movies. The war itself provided material for countless movies in the 1920s and 1930s， including Wings， the winner of the first Academy Awards.
　　Plastic Surgery
　　16.（　　）. British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his colleagues performed more than 11，000 operations， mostly on soldiers suffering from facial wounds from gunshots. 17.（　　）.
　　There were other innovations made during World WarⅠ， such as wristwatches， modern passports， zippers， drones， etc.
A.The Germans did it first in 1916
B.That opened the door for the Americans
C.Blood transfusions （輸血） date back to the 1600s
D.Gillies’ operation became successful immediately
E.World War Ⅰ left thousands of men scarred and maimed
F.Gillies became known as the father of modern plastic surgery
G.After World WarⅠ the blood banks appeared in the United States
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　你校正舉辦主題為Heroic peacemakers in history的英語征文活動。請你以一位中國的戰斗英雄為題寫一篇短文，內容包括：
1.人物事跡；
2.人物啟示。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.academic　2.representatives　3.peers　4.bombs
5.anniversary　6.rough　7.grain　8.emerge
維度二
1.collective　2.intellectually　3.academic　4.irrelevant
5.aggression　6.dedication　7.glorious　8.invader
維度三
1.a large sum of money
2.relevant to
3.fought against
4.It is no wonder that
5.Not only do the nurses demand a pay rise
維度四
1.joined　2.known　3.with　4.better　5.by　6.Driven　7.to fight　8.physically　9.talented　10.contribution
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為一個支持和平的藝術家的經歷和感受。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me.可知，讓作者感到有壓力的是他對和平的大力支持。
2.A　細節理解題。根據第三段中的I wanted to create something ...in Hudson’s Hope.可知，作者創作Peace Image的原因是想要創造出一件更為長久的作品。
3.C　觀點態度題。根據第四段中的For more than 50 years now，I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art.可推出，作者對自己的藝術作品是滿意的。
4.A　標題歸納題。文章為“總—分—總”結構，第一段點明文章主旨，講述了作者是一位支持和平的藝術家，再結合下文內容可知，本文主要講述了這位藝術家在維護和平方面的經歷和感受。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。對于歷史事件的考證不能僅憑文字記錄，要注重文字記錄和實物相互印證，以幫助我們重現真實的歷史。
5.A　段落大意題。根據第一段內容可知，如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，你就不能僅依靠文字。因為文字是人類的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至許多有文字的社會不僅用文字，還用實物來記載對他們重要的事情。所以此段是說過去的歷史事件應結合文字和實物來呈現。
6.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段首句以及該段最后一句可知，庫克船長的記錄是片面的。
7.B　詞義猜測題。根據第三段中的a history told through things gives them back a voice和本段最后兩句可知，only one half of a dialogue與other half of that conversation呼應，共同構成更客觀的歷史全貌。由此可知，conversation指的是歷史。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據全文內容可知，本文講述的重點是強調歷史實物考證的重要性，故本文最可能選自《100件實物中的世界歷史》。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人類是否能夠防范戰爭的問題。
9.B　細節理解題。根據第二段中的it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of every one of us可知，在作者看來，和平可以通過全人類的努力來贏得。
10.A　推理判斷題。根據第四至六段內容可知，作者設想在將來，人類將武器和資源用于改善人民的生活，因而“樂觀”一詞可以最好地描述作者想象的畫面。
11.C　推理判斷題。根據第五段內容可知，軍事設備可用于和平用途。
12.C　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要論述了防范戰爭的可能性以及為了和平我們該怎么辦。因此C項（戰爭與和平）最適合作文章標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些在第一次世界大戰期間出現的新事物，如夏令時、血庫、好萊塢以及整形手術等。
13.A　空后提到：協約國很快也采用了夏令時。A項（德國人在1916年率先采用了夏令時）與下文銜接緊密，且都在描述一戰時的情況，符合語境。
14.C　空后的連詞but表轉折，且提到在一戰之前醫生們很少給病人輸血。C項（輸血起始于17世紀）與but后內容形成轉折關系，符合語境。
15.B　空前提到：由于很多歐洲國家處于戰火之中，歐洲電影業的規模也急劇縮減。B項（那給美國人打開了大門）與上文形成因果關系，符合語境。
16.E　空后提到：英國的軍醫Harold Gillies和他的同事們給很多在戰爭中受傷的士兵做手術，這些手術大部分針對因槍擊導致面部受傷的士兵。E項（第一次世界大戰讓許多士兵留下傷疤、落下殘疾）引出下文，符合語境。
17.F　空前提到：英國的軍醫Harold Gillies和他的同事們給很多在戰爭中受傷的士兵做手術，這些手術大部分針對因槍擊導致面部受傷的士兵。F項（Gillies作為現代整形外科手術之父而出名）與上文形成因果關系，符合語境。
Ⅲ.
　　Qiu Shaoyun， a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the early 1950s， displayed extraordinary heroism in the Korean War when he chose to endure fatal burns to protect his comrades.
　　Qiu sacrificed his life for the revolutionary cause at the young age of 26， and his spirit was immortalized.His story reminds us that the cost of war is immense and that the preservation of peace is something everyone should strive for. As we admire his courage and loyalty， we are inspired to cherish peace and go for a harmonious world.
1 / 3Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION①， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically② referred to their academic③ struggles as④ being like “war”.However， for most of them， the “war” has been purely symbolic⑤.[1]Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense⑥ challenges.
In 1937， the aggression⑦ of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities： Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied⑧ by Japanese troops，[2]while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing⑨.To save their educational and intellectual⑩ heritage， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University， otherwise known as Lianda.
　　[1]as引導原因狀語從句。
[2]while連接的并列句，while意為“而，然而”，表示對比兩種事物。
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres， most of them on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky， often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China.They had to live in rough buildings， packed 40 to a room， like sardines.There were dire shortages of food， books， and equipment.Furthermore， classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， [3]it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.[4]It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
　　With the country at war， students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.[5]Driven by a sense of commitment ， a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact， Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters， one tenth were from Lianda， including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
【讀文清障】
①passion n.強烈情感，激情
②romantically adv.浪漫地
romantic adj.浪漫的
③academic adj.學術的
④refer to ...as ...
把……稱為……
⑤symbolic adj.象征性的
symbol n.象征
⑥immense adj.巨大的
⑦aggression n.侵略
aggressive adj.侵略性的，好斗的
⑧occupy v.占領，占據
⑨bomb v.轟炸
⑩intellectual adj.智力的，腦力的
intellectual heritage 知識遺產
associated adj.聯合的
epic adj.漫長而艱難的
a distance of ... ……的距離
light up 照亮，點亮
conditions n.條件，環境
condition n.[U] 狀況，狀態
rough adj.簡單的；粗糙的
dire adj.極其嚴重的
dire shortages of
嚴重短缺……
disrupt v.擾亂
disruption n.擾亂
daunting adj.嚇人的，使人氣餒的
guard v. 保護，保衛，看守
n. 警衛，看守
fortify v.激勵，加強
emerge v.出現
emergence n.出現，興起
lay the foundation for
為……奠定基礎
hold down 按壓，壓住
shirk v.逃避
commitment n.獻身，奉獻
a great many 許多（人），大量
resist v.抵制，抵抗
resistance n.抵抗
resistant adj.有抵抗力的
invader n.侵略者，侵略軍
invade v.侵略
invasion n.侵略
serve as 擔任，擔當
depict v.描述，描寫
peer n.同齡人；同輩
　　[3]本句為強調句，強調地點狀語right in this place，時間狀語over a period of eight long years作插入語，還包含了not only ...but （also） ...句型。
[4]本句真正的主語為that引導的主語從句，it為形式主語；if not most為省略句。
[5]句中Driven by a sense of commitment是過去分詞短語作原因狀語，and連接兩個并列的動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
Softly， on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood， breathing new life into the trees.
A product of the war， Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities， not only because of its prominent professors and talented students， but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication .In 2017， representatives from Peking University， Tsinghua University， Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
More than eighty years on， the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation， with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era .
physically adv.實物地，有形地
prominent adj.著名的，杰出的
perseverance n.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神
dedication n.奉獻
representative n.代表
anniversary n.周年紀念日
collective adj.集體的；共同的
era n.時代，年代
【參考譯文】
聯大：一個充滿熱情、信念和奉獻的地方
縱觀歷史，世界上偉大的思想家們常常以一種浪漫的說法把他們的學術之爭比喻為“戰爭”。然而，對他們中的大多數人來說，“戰爭”一詞純粹是象征性的。真正的戰爭從來不是浪漫的，因為它會帶來痛苦和巨大的挑戰。
1937年，日軍的侵略給中國三所著名大學帶來了災難：北京大學和清華大學被日本軍隊占領，南開大學被徹底炸毀。為了保護教育和知識遺產，這三所大學在昆明聯合成立了國立西南聯合大學，簡稱聯大。
這三所大學的教授和學生們完成了一次長達2，000多千米的漫長而艱辛的行程，他們中的大部分人都是徒步完成的。他們以塵土飛揚的道路為床，以開闊的、經常被日軍的炸彈照亮的天空為屋頂。到了中國西南部的偏遠山區后，情況也沒有好多少。他們不得不住在簡陋的房子里，40個人像沙丁魚一樣擠在一間屋子里，食物、書籍和設備嚴重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空襲，課堂經常中斷，因此上課時間往往在上午10點前和下午4點后。
然而，盡管面臨著巨大的困難和艱巨的挑戰，在這個地方，經過八年漫長的歲月，國家的知識遺產不僅得到了保護，還得到了強化，這些都歸功于聯大杰出學者們的熱情和信念。難怪即使不是大多數，但也有許多中國領先的學者和科學家都是聯大出身，包括兩位諾貝爾獎得主，物理學家楊振寧和李政道。“聯大為我所取得的每項成就奠定了基礎。”楊振寧回憶道。他還記得在一間窗戶沒有玻璃的臨時教室里學習。“在刮風的日子里，我們不得不把紙按在桌子上，否則紙就會被風吹走。”他說。
國家正處于戰爭狀態，聯大的學生們不會逃避他們的責任。在獻身精神的驅使下，許多人參軍抵抗日本侵略者，保衛國家的榮譽。事實上，聯大輸送的學生士兵的數量是中國所有校園中最多的。在來自全國各地擔任翻譯的數千名大學生中，有十分之一的人來自聯大，其中包括著名的翻譯家查良錚和許淵沖。查良錚后來在一首詩中描述了他的同齡人所做的貢獻：
靜靜的，在那被遺忘的山坡上，
還下著密雨，還吹著細風，
沒有人知道歷史曾在此走過，
留下了英靈化入樹干而滋生。
作為戰爭的產物，聯大現在已經不復存在。但它已經成為中國現代大學的最高榮耀，這不僅僅是因為那些杰出的教授和才華橫溢的學生，也因為聯大堅韌不拔和勇于奉獻的精神。2017年，北京大學、清華大學、南開大學和云南師范大學的代表們齊聚一堂，共同紀念聯大建校80周年。
盡管已經歷經80多年，聯大做出的無價貢獻仍值得重申。它已成為中華民族集體記憶的一部分，聯大精神更是描繪了現代中國所有大學的藍圖。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the function of Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.To lead to the topic.
B.To summarize the whole passage.
C.To set an example.
D.To explain the word “war”.
2.What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　　）
A.Brave.　　　　　　　B.Impressive.
C.Long and difficult. D.Large.
3.Why are Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao mentioned in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.To introduce they are China’s leading scholars and scientists.
B.To explain why they have made achievements at Lianda.
C.To show the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified.
D.To stress they have suffered hardships.
4.Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities？（　　）
A.Because of a product of the war.
B.Because of its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
C.Because of its collective memory.
D.Because of the honour of the nation.
第三步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is the main idea of the passage？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What do you learn from the passage？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析難句表達升級
1.However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
句式分析 despite構成的介詞短語作　　　　　　　　；it was ...that ...為　　　　　　　，強調了地點狀語right in this place；not only ...but （also） ...連接了guarded和fortified。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.
句式分析 that引導的　　　　從句為真正的主語，it作　　　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
refer to ...as ...把……稱為……；把……叫作……
【教材原句】　Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”.
縱觀歷史，世界上偉大的思想家們常常以一種浪漫的說法把他們的學術之爭比喻為“戰爭”。
【用法】
（1）refer to　 　　提到；參考，查閱；指的是
（2）reference n. 提及；參考；查閱
reference book 參考書；工具書
【佳句】　Spring Festival is referred to as an occasion when families get together in China.
在中國，春節被認為是家人團聚的日子。
【點津】　（1）refer的過去式和過去分詞均為referred，動詞-ing形式為referring。
（2）在表示“查閱”時，refer to 后多接參考資料，如refer to the dictionary； look up后多接查閱的內容，如look up a new word in the dictionary。
【練透】　語境辨義/單句語法填空
①You can refer to a dictionary if necessary. 　　　　　　　
②She referred to the subject several times during her speech. 　　　　　　　
③When I said some people were lazy， I wasn’t referring to you. 　　　　　　　
④This 　　　　　　（refer） book is easily accessible to beginners.
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤They always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　a book worm because I am addicted to reading.
他們總是說我是書蟲，因為我沉迷于閱讀。
lay the foundation for 為……奠定基礎
【教材原句】　“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.
“聯大為我所取得的每項成就奠定了基礎。”楊振寧回憶道。
【用法】
lay aside　　　　把……放在一邊
lay off 停止；解雇
lay out　　　　布置，安排，設計
lay down 放下；制定（條例或原則）
【佳句】　What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for our future.
我們在學校正學習的課程將為我們的將來打下基礎。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When the boss told him he would be laid 　　　　　　， his mind went blank.
②The brochure is beautifully laid 　　　　　and illustrated.
【寫美】　補全句子
③It is important for us all to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
對我們所有人來說，拋開偏見是很重要的。
hold down 按壓；壓住，壓低
【教材原句】　“On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，”he said.
“在刮風的日子里，我們不得不把紙按在桌子上，否則紙就會被風吹走。”他說。
【用法】
hold on　　　　堅持；（打電話時用語）別掛斷
hold on to 緊緊抓住
hold back 阻礙，克制，隱瞞
hold out 堅持；維持；伸出
hold up 舉起；支撐；耽擱
【佳句】　He took a dictionary to hold down the test papers for fear that they might be blown away by the wind.
他拿了本詞典壓住試卷，以防被風吹走。
【練透】　用hold的相關短語填空
①When he left the telephone to find a pen， he asked me to 　　　　　　　　.
②He tried to 　　　　　　　　for higher pay by rejecting signature to the contract.
【寫美】　補全句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and began to blow the horn loudly.
由于交通阻塞，那個人按捺不住怒氣，開始大聲按喇叭。
fight against 與……抗爭
【教材原句】　In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
1937年，楊（靖宇）成為東北抗日聯軍領導人，并與日本侵略者進行游擊戰。
【用法】
fight for 　 　　　　為……而斗爭
fight with 與……一起戰斗（奮斗）
fight back 還擊，抑制住（尤指情感）
fight off 抵抗；擊退
fight with sb about/over sth 跟某人爭辯某事
【佳句】　In the Second World War，Britain fought against Germany with France.
在第二次世界大戰中，英國與法國聯合抗擊德國。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I hope they continue to fight 　　　　　　equal justice after I’m gone.
②I will not stay behind. I will fight 　　　　you to rescue him.
【寫美】　補全句子
③I stood still there with a lump in my throat and tried to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我靜靜地站在那里，喉嚨哽咽，拼命想忍住眼淚。
lack vt.缺乏 n.缺乏，不足；短缺的東西
【教材原句】　In early 1940， facing a critical lack of supplies， Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups ...
20世紀40年代初，面對物資嚴重缺乏，楊（靖宇）決定讓他的人分小組突圍……
【用法】
（1）lack sth 缺乏/少某物（沒有被動語態）
lack for 需要，需求
（2）（a） lack of ... 缺乏……
for lack of 因缺乏……
（3）lacking adj. 缺少的（不可置于名詞前）
be lacking in sth 缺少某物
【點津】　lacking為形容詞，但一般不放在名詞前作定語，常與in連用。
【寫美】　一句多譯
由于缺乏烹飪經驗，這對雙胞胎把廚房弄得亂七八糟。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the twins made the kitchen in a mess.（lack n.）
→Because 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the twins made the kitchen in a mess.（lack v.）
break through 突破；沖破（障礙）；（在某領域）有進展或突破
【教材原句】　...Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups ...
……楊（靖宇）決定讓他的人分小組突圍……
【用法】
break down　　　（機器）出故障；（身體）垮掉；（化學）分解；（談判等）失敗
break up 打碎；分裂；解體；結束；分手；放假
break in 破門而入；打斷（談話等）
break into 強行闖入；突然……起來
break away from 脫離；掙脫
break out （戰爭、火災等）爆發；發生
【佳句】　Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
科學家認為他們在抗擊癌癥方面開始有所突破。
【練透】　用break的相關短語填空
①The peace talks 　　　　　　　　with no agreement reached.
②I locked myself out of our apartment and had to 　　　　　　　　.
③Seeing the troops cross the country， he drew a conclusion that a war would 　　　　　　　　soon.
【寫美】　補全句子
④Nowadays many farmers want to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and make a living in cities.
現在許多農民都不愿務農，想到城里謀生。
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：not only ...but also ...連接并列成分
【教材原句】　...that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
……國家的知識遺產不僅得到了保護，還得到了強化，這些都歸功于聯大杰出學者們的熱情和信念。
【用法】
（1）not only ...but also ...常用來連接并列成分，如兩個主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語或句子，在意義上強調后者，其中also可以省略。
（2）not only ...but also ...連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的數遵循“就近一致”原則；當not only 位于句首連接兩個句子時，not only后的分句要用部分倒裝，but also后的分句不倒裝。
【品悟】　Through the exhibition，not only can you admire wonderful pictures， but you can also understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better.
通過展覽，您不僅可以欣賞到精彩的畫面，還可以更好地了解中國傳統繪畫藝術。
【寫美】　微寫作/句式升級
①我加入籃球隊，從中我不但了解了團隊合作的重要性，還增強了我的體質。
I join the basketball team， where I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　strengthen my body.
②不僅學生們而且他們的老師也很喜歡這部電影。
Not only the students but also their teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a lot.
③Oceans not only provide abundant resources and food for us， but they are also crucial for the global climate development.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， but they are also crucial for the global climate development. （倒裝句）
句型公式：It is＋名詞＋that從句
【教材原句】　It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda ...
難怪即使不是大多數，但也有許多中國領先的學者和科學家都是聯大出身……
【用法】
本句中含有“It is＋名詞＋that從句（常用的名詞為a pity， an honour， a shame， no wonder等）”結構。it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的that從句。常見的句型還有：
（1）It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句（用于此句型的形容詞有wonderful，important，useless，surprising， certain， necessary等）
（2）It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句（常用的過去分詞有announced， believed， expected， hoped， reported， decided， said， shown等）
（3）It＋不及物動詞（seem， appear， happen等）＋that從句
（4）It is time that sb did/should do sth 該是某人做某事的時候了
【品悟】　It is a shame that he should have failed the exam.
他竟然沒通過考試，太可惜了！
【寫美】　微寫作
①由于旅游有這些優勢，難怪旅游如今在中國越來越受歡迎。（演講稿）
With these advantages of travel， 　　　　　　　　　　travel has now become more and more popular in China.
②據估算，去年至少有470人失去了工作。（投稿）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at least 470 people lost their jobs last year.
③為了充分發揮你的潛力，充分利用我們學校的資源是很重要的。
To fully realize your potential， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.What is real war　2.Lianda　3.conditions　4.contributions　5.glory
第二步
1－4　ACCB
第三步
1.It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.
2.We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.
第四步
1.讓步狀語　強調句
然而，盡管面臨著巨大的困難和艱巨的挑戰，在這個地方，經過八年漫長的歲月，國家的知識遺產不僅得到了保護，還得到了強化，這些都歸功于聯大杰出學者們的熱情和信念。
2.主語　形式主語
難怪即使不是大多數，但也有許多中國領先的學者和科學家都是聯大出身，包括兩位諾貝爾獎得主，物理學家楊振寧和李政道。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①參考　②提及　③指的是　④reference　⑤refer to me as
2.①off　②out　③lay aside our prejudices
3.①hold on　②hold out　③Having been held up by the traffic； couldn’t hold back his anger
4.①for　②with　③fight back tears
5.For lack of cooking experience； they lacked cooking experience
6.①broke down　②break in　③break out　④break away from farming
重點句型解構
1.①not only learn the importance of teamwork but also
②likes the film　③Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us
2.①it is no wonder that　②It has been calculated that
③it is important that you make the most of our school resources
10 / 10(共111張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖語篇
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION①， BELIEF AND
COMMITMENT
Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather
romantically② referred to their academic③ struggles as④ being like
“war”.However， for most of them， the “war” has been purely
symbolic⑤.[1]Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and
immense⑥ challenges.
In 1937， the aggression⑦ of the Japanese army brought disaster to
China’s three great universities： Peking University and Tsinghua
University were occupied⑧ by Japanese troops，[2]while Nankai
University was completely destroyed by bombing⑨.To save their
educational and intellectual⑩ heritage， the three universities joined
together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University，
otherwise known as Lianda.
　　[1]as引導原因狀語從句。
[2]while連接的并列句，while意為“而，然而”，表示對比兩種
事物。
【讀文清障】
①passion n.強烈情感，激情
②romantically adv.浪漫地
romantic adj.浪漫的
③academic adj.學術的
④refer to ...as ... 把……稱為……
⑤symbolic adj.象征性的
symbol n.象征
⑥immense adj.巨大的
⑦aggression n.侵略
aggressive adj.侵略性的，好斗的
⑧occupy v.占領，占據
⑨bomb v.轟炸
⑩intellectual adj.智力的，腦力的
intellectual heritage 知識遺產
associated adj.聯合的
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic
journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres， most of them
on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky，
often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better
once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of
China.They had to live in rough buildings， packed 40 to a room， like
sardines.There were dire shortages of food， books， and
equipment.Furthermore， classes were frequently disrupted due to
fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting
challenges， [3]it was right in this place， over a period of eight long
years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but
fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of
Lianda.[4]It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading
scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel
Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda
laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang
recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no
glass in the windows.“On windy days， we had to hold down the paper
on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
　　With the country at war， students at Lianda were not going to shirk
their duty.[5]Driven by a sense of commitment ， a great many joined
the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the
nation. In fact， Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers
from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all
over China who served as interpreters， one tenth were from Lianda，
including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu
Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a
poem：
　　[3]本句為強調句，強調地點狀語right in this place，時間狀語
over a period of eight long years作插入語，還包含了not only ...but
（also） ...句型。
[4]本句真正的主語為that引導的主語從句，it為形式主語；if not
most為省略句。
[5]句中Driven by a sense of commitment是過去分詞短語作原因
狀語，and連接兩個并列的動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
epic adj.漫長而艱難的
a distance of ... ……的距離
light up 照亮，點亮
conditions n.條件，環境
condition n.[U] 狀況，狀態
rough adj.簡單的；粗糙的
dire adj.極其嚴重的
dire shortages of 嚴重短缺……
disrupt v.擾亂
disruption n.擾亂
daunting adj.嚇人的，使人氣餒的
guard v. 保護，保衛，看守
n. 警衛，看守
fortify v.激勵，加強
emerge v.出現
emergence n.出現，興起
lay the foundation for 為……奠定基礎
hold down 按壓，壓住
shirk v.逃避
commitment n.獻身，奉獻
a great many 許多（人），大量
resist v.抵制，抵抗
resistance n.抵抗
resistant adj.有抵抗力的
invader n.侵略者，侵略軍
invade v.侵略
invasion n.侵略
serve as 擔任，擔當
depict v.描述，描寫
peer n.同齡人；同輩
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood， breathing new life into the trees.
A product of the war， Lianda is now physically gone.But it has
become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities， not only
because of its prominent professors and talented students， but also
because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication
.In 2017， representatives from Peking University， Tsinghua
University， Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered
to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
Softly， on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
More than eighty years on， the priceless contribution of Lianda still
needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of
the Chinese nation， with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in
China in the modern era .
physically adv.實物地，有形地
prominent adj.著名的，杰出的
perseverance n.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神
dedication n.奉獻
representative n.代表
anniversary n.周年紀念日
collective adj.集體的；共同的
era n.時代，年代
【參考譯文】
聯大：一個充滿熱情、信念和奉獻的地方
縱觀歷史，世界上偉大的思想家們常常以一種浪漫的說法把他們
的學術之爭比喻為“戰爭”。然而，對他們中的大多數人來說，“戰
爭”一詞純粹是象征性的。真正的戰爭從來不是浪漫的，因為它會帶
來痛苦和巨大的挑戰。
1937年，日軍的侵略給中國三所著名大學帶來了災難：北京
大學和清華大學被日本軍隊占領，南開大學被徹底炸毀。為了保
護教育和知識遺產，這三所大學在昆明聯合成立了國立西南聯合
大學，簡稱聯大。
這三所大學的教授和學生們完成了一次長達2，000多千米的漫長
而艱辛的行程，他們中的大部分人都是徒步完成的。他們以塵土飛揚
的道路為床，以開闊的、經常被日軍的炸彈照亮的天空為屋頂。到了
中國西南部的偏遠山區后，情況也沒有好多少。他們不得不住在簡陋
的房子里，40個人像沙丁魚一樣擠在一間屋子里，食物、書籍和設備
嚴重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空襲，課堂經常中斷，因此上課時間往
往在上午10點前和下午4點后。
然而，盡管面臨著巨大的困難和艱巨的挑戰，在這個地方，經過
八年漫長的歲月，國家的知識遺產不僅得到了保護，還得到了強化，
這些都歸功于聯大杰出學者們的熱情和信念。難怪即使不是大多數，
但也有許多中國領先的學者和科學家都是聯大出身，包括兩位諾貝爾
獎得主，物理學家楊振寧和李政道。“聯大為我所取得的每項成就奠
定了基礎。”楊振寧回憶道。他還記得在一間窗戶沒有玻璃的臨時教
室里學習。“在刮風的日子里，我們不得不把紙按在桌子上，否則紙
就會被風吹走。”他說。
國家正處于戰爭狀態，聯大的學生們不會逃避他們的責任。在獻
身精神的驅使下，許多人參軍抵抗日本侵略者，保衛國家的榮譽。事
實上，聯大輸送的學生士兵的數量是中國所有校園中最多的。在來自
全國各地擔任翻譯的數千名大學生中，有十分之一的人來自聯大，其
中包括著名的翻譯家查良錚和許淵沖。查良錚后來在一首詩中描述了
他的同齡人所做的貢獻：
靜靜的，在那被遺忘的山坡上，
還下著密雨，還吹著細風，
沒有人知道歷史曾在此走過，
留下了英靈化入樹干而滋生。
作為戰爭的產物，聯大現在已經不復存在。但它已經成為中國現
代大學的最高榮耀，這不僅僅是因為那些杰出的教授和才華橫溢的學
生，也因為聯大堅韌不拔和勇于奉獻的精神。2017年，北京大學、清
華大學、南開大學和云南師范大學的代表們齊聚一堂，共同紀念聯大
建校80周年。
盡管已經歷經80多年，聯大做出的無價貢獻仍值得重申。它已成
為中華民族集體記憶的一部分，聯大精神更是描繪了現代中國所有大
學的藍圖。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What is the function of Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. To lead to the topic.
B. To summarize the whole passage.
C. To set an example.
D. To explain the word “war”.
2. What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　　）
A. Brave. B. Impressive.
C. Long and difficult. D. Large.
3. Why are Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao mentioned in Paragraph 4？
（　　）
A. To introduce they are China’s leading scholars and scientists.
B. To explain why they have made achievements at Lianda.
C. To show the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but
fortified.
D. To stress they have suffered hardships.
4. Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China’s modern
universities？（　　）
A. Because of a product of the war.
B. Because of its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
C. Because of its collective memory.
D. Because of the honour of the nation.
第三步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What is the main idea of the passage？


2. What do you learn from the passage？


　It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great
contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.　
　We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from
Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.　
第四步：析難句表達升級
1. However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting
challenges， it was right in this place， over a period of eight long
years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but
fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
句式分析 despite構成的介詞短語作 ；it
was ...that ...為 ，強調了地點狀語right in this place；
not only ...but （also） ...連接了guarded和fortified。
自主翻譯


讓步狀語　
強調句　
然而，盡管面臨著巨大的困難和艱巨的挑戰，在這個
地方，經過八年漫長的歲月，國家的知識遺產不僅得到了保護，還
得到了強化，這些都歸功于聯大杰出學者們的熱情和信念。　
2. It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars
and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-
winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.
句式分析 that引導的 從句為真正的主語，it作
。
自主翻譯


主語　
形式主
語　
難怪即使不是大多數，但也有許多中國領先的學者和
科學家都是聯大出身，包括兩位諾貝爾獎得主，物理學家楊振寧和
李政道。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
refer to ...as ...把……稱為……；把……叫作……
【教材原句】　Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have
often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like
“war”.
縱觀歷史，世界上偉大的思想家們常常以一種浪漫的說法把他們的學
術之爭比喻為“戰爭”。
【用法】
（1）refer to　　提到；參考，查閱；指的是
（2）reference n.　　提及；參考；查閱
reference book　　參考書；工具書
【佳句】　Spring Festival is referred to as an occasion when families
get together in China.
在中國，春節被認為是家人團聚的日子。
【點津】　（1）refer的過去式和過去分詞均為referred，動詞-ing形式
為referring。
（2）在表示“查閱”時，refer to 后多接參考資料，如refer to the
dictionary； look up后多接查閱的內容，如look up a new word in
the dictionary。
【練透】語境辨義/單句語法填空
①You can refer to a dictionary if necessary.
②She referred to the subject several times during her speech. 　
③When I said some people were lazy， I wasn’t referring to you. 　
④This （refer） book is easily accessible to beginners.
參考　
提及　
指的是　
reference　
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤They always a book worm because I am addicted to
reading.
他們總是說我是書蟲，因為我沉迷于閱讀。
refer to me as　
lay the foundation for 為……奠定基礎
【教材原句】　“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I
have made，” Yang recalled.
“聯大為我所取得的每項成就奠定了基礎。”楊振寧回憶道。
【用法】
lay aside　　把……放在一邊
lay off　　停止；解雇
lay out　　布置，安排，設計
lay down　　放下；制定（條例或原則）
【佳句】　What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for
our future.
我們在學校正學習的課程將為我們的將來打下基礎。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When the boss told him he would be laid ， his mind went
blank.
②The brochure is beautifully laid and illustrated.
off　
out　
【寫美】　補全句子
③It is important for us all to .
對我們所有人來說，拋開偏見是很重要的。
lay aside our prejudices　
hold down 按壓；壓住，壓低
【教材原句】　“On windy days， we had to hold down the
paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，”he
said.“在刮風的日子里，我們不得不把紙按在桌子上，否則紙就
會被風吹走。”他說。
【用法】
hold on　　堅持；（打電話時用語）別掛斷
hold on to　　緊緊抓住
hold back　　阻礙，克制，隱瞞
hold out　　堅持；維持；伸出
hold up　　舉起；支撐；耽擱
【佳句】　He took a dictionary to hold down the test papers for fear that
they might be blown away by the wind.
他拿了本詞典壓住試卷，以防被風吹走。
【練透】　用hold的相關短語填空
①When he left the telephone to find a pen，he asked me to .
②He tried to for higher pay by rejecting signature to the
contract.
hold on　
hold out　
【寫美】　補全句子
③ ， the man
and began to blow the horn loudly.
由于交通阻塞，那個人按捺不住怒氣，開始大聲按喇叭。
Having been held up by the traffic　
couldn’t hold
back his anger　
fight against 與……抗爭
【教材原句】　In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-
Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese
invaders.
1937年，楊（靖宇）成為東北抗日聯軍領導人，并與日本侵略者進行
游擊戰。
【用法】
fight for 　　為……而斗爭
fight with　　與……一起戰斗（奮斗）
fight back　　還擊，抑制住（尤指情感）
fight off　　抵抗；擊退
fight with sb about/over sth　　跟某人爭辯某事
【佳句】　In the Second World War，Britain fought against Germany
with France.
在第二次世界大戰中，英國與法國聯合抗擊德國。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I hope they continue to fight equal justice after I’m gone.
②I will not stay behind. I will fight you to rescue him.
for　
with　
【寫美】　補全句子
③I stood still there with a lump in my throat and tried to
.
我靜靜地站在那里，喉嚨哽咽，拼命想忍住眼淚。
fight back
tears　
lack vt.缺乏 n.缺乏，不足；短缺的東西
【教材原句】　In early 1940， facing a critical lack of supplies， Yang
decided to let his men break through in small groups ...
20世紀40年代初，面對物資嚴重缺乏，楊（靖宇）決定讓他的人分小
組突圍……
【用法】
（1）lack sth　　缺乏/少某物（沒有被動語態）
lack for　　需要，需求
（2）（a） lack of ...　　缺乏……
for lack of　　因缺乏……
（3）lacking adj.　　缺少的（不可置于名詞前）
be lacking in sth　　缺少某物
【點津】　lacking為形容詞，但一般不放在名詞前作定語，常與
in連用。
【寫美】　一句多譯
由于缺乏烹飪經驗，這對雙胞胎把廚房弄得亂七八糟。
→ ， the twins made the kitchen in a
mess.（lack n.）
→Because ， the twins made the
kitchen in a mess.（lack v.）
For lack of cooking experience　
they lacked cooking experience　
break through 突破；沖破（障礙）；（在某領域）有進展或突破
【教材原句】　...Yang decided to let his men break through in small
groups ...
……楊（靖宇）決定讓他的人分小組突圍……
【用法】
break down　　（機器）出故障；（身體）垮掉；（化學）分解；
（談判等）失敗
break up　　打碎；分裂；解體；結束；分手；放假
break in　　破門而入；打斷（談話等）
break into　　強行闖入；突然……起來
break away from　　脫離；掙脫
break out　　（戰爭、火災等）爆發；發生
【佳句】　Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the
fight against cancer.
科學家認為他們在抗擊癌癥方面開始有所突破。
【練透】　用break的相關短語填空
①The peace talks with no agreement reached.
②I locked myself out of our apartment and had to .
③Seeing the troops cross the country， he drew a conclusion that a war
would soon.
broke down　
break in　
break out　
【寫美】　補全句子
④Nowadays many farmers want to and
make a living in cities.
現在許多農民都不愿務農，想到城里謀生。
break away from farming　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：not only ...but also ...連接并列成分
【教材原句】　...that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only
guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics
of Lianda.
……國家的知識遺產不僅得到了保護，還得到了強化，這些都歸功于
聯大杰出學者們的熱情和信念。
【用法】
（1）not only ...but also ...常用來連接并列成分，如兩個主語、謂
語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語或句子，在意義上強調后者，其中also
可以省略。
（2）not only ...but also ...連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的數遵循
“就近一致”原則；當not only 位于句首連接兩個句子時，not only
后的分句要用部分倒裝，but also后的分句不倒裝。
【品悟】　Through the exhibition，not only can you admire wonderful
pictures， but you can also understand the art of traditional Chinese
painting better.
通過展覽，您不僅可以欣賞到精彩的畫面，還可以更好地了解中國傳
統繪畫藝術。
【寫美】　微寫作/句式升級
①我加入籃球隊，從中我不但了解了團隊合作的重要性，還增強了我
的體質。
I join the basketball team， where I
strengthen my body.
②不僅學生們而且他們的老師也很喜歡這部電影。
Not only the students but also their teacher a lot.
not only learn the importance of
teamwork but also　
likes the film　
③Oceans not only provide abundant resources and food for us， but they
are also crucial for the global climate development.
→ ，
but they are also crucial for the global climate development. （倒裝句）
Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us　
句型公式：It is＋名詞＋that從句
【教材原句】　It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s
leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda ...難怪即使不是大多
數，但也有許多中國領先的學者和科學家都是聯大出身……
【用法】
本句中含有“It is＋名詞＋that從句（常用的名詞為a pity， an
honour， a shame， no wonder等）”結構。it是形式主語，真正的主
語是后面的that從句。常見的句型還有：
（1）It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句（用于此句型的形容詞有wonderful，
important，useless，surprising， certain， necessary等）
（2）It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句（常用的過去分詞有announced，
believed， expected， hoped， reported， decided， said， shown等）
（3）It＋不及物動詞（seem， appear， happen等）＋that從句
（4）It is time that sb did/should do sth 該是某人做某事的時候了
【品悟】　It is a shame that he should have failed the exam.他竟然沒
通過考試，太可惜了！
【寫美】　微寫作
①由于旅游有這些優勢，難怪旅游如今在中國越來越受歡迎。
（演講稿）
With these advantages of travel， travel has now
become more and more popular in China.
②據估算，去年至少有470人失去了工作。（投稿）
at least 470 people lost their jobs last year.
③為了充分發揮你的潛力，充分利用我們學校的資源是很重要的。
To fully realize your potential，
.
it is no wonder that　
It has been calculated that　
it is important that you make the most
of our school resources　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. During the past four years， I have had a good deal of
（學術的） experience in communication technology.
2. All the （代表） from around the world claimed
Beijing Winter Olympics was a success.
3. The opinions of his （同齡人） are more important to him
than his parents’ ideas.
academic　
representatives　
peers　
4. A number of （炸彈） have exploded，which attracted the
peacekeepers to the spot.
5. They invited many friends and held a party in celebration of their
fiftieth wedding （周年紀念日）.
6. By the time you’re 25， you should have a r idea of when
you’ll be getting married.
7. A few chickens were scratching around in the yard for g .
8. When we look a bit deeper， problems begin to e
immediately.
bombs　
anniversary　
ough　
rain　
merge　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. By （collect） activities， they found friendship and
warmth.
2. Leading scientists claim breast-fed babies are
（intellectual） brighter.
3. The Chinese middle school students return in September for the start of
the new （academy） year.
4. Not all the content will be directly relevant to your tastes and in fact
some of it will be completely （relevant） to you.
collective　
intellectually　
academic　
irrelevant　
5. The research shows that computer games may cause
（aggressive）.
6. The new model is a testament to the skill and
（dedicate） of the workforce.
7. We are now engaged in a great and most （glory）
cause， never undertaken by our forefathers.
8. The state of the Chinese civilization was equally inviting to
an （invade）.
aggression　
dedication　
glorious　
invader　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. She was so generous that she gave away
（一大筆錢） to the school.
2. They need more materials （與……有關） the present
question.
3. The soldiers and villagers （與……作斗爭） the
flood shoulder to shoulder.
4. He worked so hard. （難怪） he has passed
the examination.
5. （護士不僅要求提高工
資）， but they also want to reduce working hours as well.
a large sum of money　
relevant to　
fought against　
It is no wonder that　
Not only do the nurses demand a pay rise　
維度四：課文語法填空
Due to the aggression of the Japanese army in 1937，Peking
University， Tsinghua University and Nankai University 1.
（join） together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated
University to save their educational and intellectual heritage， otherwise
2. （know） as Lianda.
joined　
known　
　　Both professors and students walked more than 2，000 kilometres
3. Japanese bombs falling on the way.Though conditions were
little 4. （good） once they reached the remote and
mountainous south-west part of China， they were faced with lack of
food， books and equipment， and sometimes air attacks.
In spite of the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， the
nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified 5.
the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
with　
better　
by　
6. （drive） by a sense of commitment， a great many joined
the army 7. （fight） against the Japanese invaders. One
tenth of the thousands of college students from all over China who
served as interpreters were from Lianda.
Driven　
to fight　
Though Lianda is now 8. （physical） gone， it
has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities
because of its prominent professors and 9. （talent）
students and its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.More than
eighty years later， the priceless 10. （contribute）
of Lianda is still valuable.
physically　
talented　
contribution　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　I am a Canadian artist living in Victoria. My work focuses on peace.
My art helps me find answers， or at least deal with some of the worrying
realities of the modern day.
　　My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my
family and me. It took a few years before I was able to come to accept that
whole experience and work out how to continue to work as an artist.I put
my energy into creating natural art facilities that awoke a sense of peace in
myself and others. I set up my first project in a large field， using a
simple parent-child design. I later did two similar， small works， one in
Scotland and the other in Baghdad.
　　I wanted to create something more permanent （長久的），
however， and so I created the Peace Image in Hudson’s Hope. It
can’t be seen very well on the ground these days， because the locals just
loved riding over the large piles of dirt. I don’t mind that at all. The
Peace Image still turns up well from the air and on Google Maps though.
　　For more than 50 years now， I’ve felt pleased to be able to express
myself through my art. In the autumn of 2013， I was encouraged to lead
the creation of a Peace Garden art project at Woodwynn Farms in Central
Saanich. After everything we had been through， it was such a gift to
work closely with my wife， Elizabeth Wellburn， a talented artist. It was
and still is a labour of love.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為一個支持
和平的藝術家的經歷和感受。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為一個支持
和平的藝術家的經歷和感受。
1. What made the author suffer from great pressure？（　　）
A. His lack of enough money.
B. Some worrying realities.
C. The failure of his first project.
D. His strong support for peace.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的My trips to Baghdad
standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me.可知，讓
作者感到有壓力的是他對和平的大力支持。
2. Why did the author create the Peace Image？（　　）
A. To produce a more lasting thing.
B. To raise people’s awareness of peace.
C. To make people remember him.
D. To satisfy local people’s requirements.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第三段中的I wanted to create
something ...in Hudson’s Hope.可知，作者創作Peace Image的原
因是想要創造出一件更為長久的作品。
3. How does the author feel about his own artistic works？（　　）
A. Doubtful. B. Discouraged.
C. Satisfied. D. Confident.
解析： 　觀點態度題。根據第四段中的For more than 50 years
now，I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art.可
推出，作者對自己的藝術作品是滿意的。
4. What is a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A. An Artist Concentrating on Peace Design
B. The Life Story of a Canadian Artist
C. Artistic Works Meaning a Labour of Love
D. An Unforgettable Experience
解析： 　標題歸納題。文章為“總—分—總”結構，第一段點明
文章主旨，講述了作者是一位支持和平的藝術家，再結合下文內容
可知，本文主要講述了這位藝術家在維護和平方面的經歷和感受。
B
　　If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does
not privilege one part of humanity， you cannot do it through texts
alone， because only some of the world has ever had texts， while most of
the world， for most of the time， has not. Writing is one of humanity’s
later achievements， and until fairly recently even many literate （有文字
的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects， and some
chapters of this book are able to do just that， but in many cases we simply
can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate
history is perhaps the first conflict， at Botany Bay， between Captain
Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side，
we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day.
From the Australian side， we have only a wooden shield （盾） dropped
by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to
reconstruct what was actually going on that day， the shield must be
questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides，
there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted， especially when
only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino， the
Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas， all
of whom appear in this book， can speak to us now of their past
achievements most powerfully through the objects they made： a history
told through things gives them back a voice.
When we consider contact between literate and non-literate societies such
as these， all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted， only one
half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation，
we have to read not just the texts， but the objects.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。對于歷史事件的考證不能僅憑文字
記錄，要注重文字記錄和實物相互印證，以幫助我們重現真實的歷
史。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。對于歷史事件的考證不能僅憑文字
記錄，要注重文字記錄和實物相互印證，以幫助我們重現真實的歷
史。
5. What is the first paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is reliable.
解析： 　段落大意題。根據第一段內容可知，如果你想講述整個
世界的歷史，你就不能僅依靠文字。因為文字是人類的后期成果之
一，直到最近甚至許多有文字的社會不僅用文字，還用實物來記載
對他們重要的事情。所以此段是說過去的歷史事件應結合文字和實
物來呈現。
6. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in
Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. His report was scientific.
B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay.
D. His record was one-sided.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段首句以及該段最后一句可知，
庫克船長的記錄是片面的。
7. What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer
to？（　　）
A. Problem. B. History.
C. Voice. D. Society.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據第三段中的a history told through things
gives them back a voice和本段最后兩句可知，only one half of a
dialogue與other half of that conversation呼應，共同構成更客觀的歷
史全貌。由此可知，conversation指的是歷史。
8. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from？
（　　）
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據全文內容可知，本文講述的重點是強
調歷史實物考證的重要性，故本文最可能選自《100件實物中的世
界歷史》。
C
　　Is war unavoidable？Can war be prevented？
　　History tells that there were wars， great or small， in every
century， in every decade.Throughout the ages， from the Stone Age to
the Atomic Age， men have been fighting， first with swords and shields
（盾）， then with guns and cannons， and now， hydrogen bombs and
missiles are used for military purposes.But， in spite of all these， it is
still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it
requires the effort of every one of us.
　　I am sure that we would not like to experience another world war.If it
ever happens， two-thirds of the world and much of the civilisation which
men have gained through time， patience and effort will be
destroyed.Will then the remaining one-third of the world be able to survive
on its own？
　　Our task now is not to blame the past， but to plan for the future.
　　If there is peace in the world， men can use their rockets to explore
the mystery of space， their submarines to explore the depth of the sea，
their missiles to deliver mails and their fine equipment to penetrate （穿
透） the jungles of Africa， instead of using them militarily.
　　Governments can use their money to build more schools， so that
more children can be educated to be useful citizens.Scientists can use
atomic energy to propel （推動） steamships and planes.They can also
design new machines to increase the production of goods and thus improve
the way of living of the people.
　　How can a peaceful world be achieved？It requires， in my
opinion， the understanding and friendship between all people from all
nations.Let no one suffer discrimination by reason of colour， race，
religion， or national origin.Let the rich support the poor and the strong
help the weak.
　　We know that neither peace nor such a dream world can come true in
a day or a month.It may even take decades or centuries.But let us plan and
begin now.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人類是否能夠防范
戰爭的問題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人類是否能夠防范
戰爭的問題。
9. In the writer’s opinion， 　　　　.（　　）
A. it is too difficult to achieve peace
B. peace can be won through the efforts of all human beings
C. another world war is inevitable
D. wars will always exist in the world
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段中的it is still my belief that war
can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of
every one of us可知，在作者看來，和平可以通過全人類的努力來
贏得。
10. Which word can best describe the writer’s picture of the future of the
world？（　　）
A. Optimistic. B. Pessimistic.
C. Imaginative. D. Disappointing.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第四至六段內容可知，作者設想在
將來，人類將武器和資源用于改善人民的生活，因而“樂觀”一
詞可以最好地描述作者想象的畫面。
11. What can we infer from the passage？（　　）
A. Wars were not expensive in the past.
B. Wars can promote the development of weapons.
C. Things for military use can be transformed to peaceful use.
D. As long as there are wars， people’s way of living cannot be
improved.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第五段內容可知，軍事設備可用于
和平用途。
12. What’s the best title for this passage？（　　）
A. The Past and the Future
B. To Die or to Survive
C. War and Peace
D. Understanding and Friendship
解析： 　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要論述了防范戰
爭的可能性以及為了和平我們該怎么辦。因此C項（戰爭與和
平）最適合作文章標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Do you know some surprising innovations that came from World War
Ⅰ？ Here are some introductions.
　　Daylight Saving Time
　　The idea of fiddling （不停擺弄） with the clock has been around
since ancient times， but it was not until World WarⅠ that governments
around the globe officially adopted daylight saving time. Why？ To save
resources such as fuel and extend the workday for the war effort. 13.
（　　）， and the Allies followed shortly after. To clear up confusion
about the concept， a newspaper used a comic strip to explain the first
“spring forward” in the United States in 1918.
　
　 Blood Banks
　　14. （　　）， but doctors barely performed them before World War
Ⅰ， when they were accomplished by transfusing blood directly from one
person to another. Captain Oswald Robertson， a US Army Reserve
doctor consulting with the British army， recognized the need to stock
blood before casualties（傷員） emerged.
　　
Hollywood
　　With so much of Europe in the gunfire， the European film industry
had to scale back （縮減） dramatically.15.（　　）. Hollywood was
still in its early stage， but its studios soon made fortunes producing
wartime movies. The war itself provided material for countless movies in
the 1920s and 1930s， including Wings， the winner of the first Academy
Awards.
　　Plastic Surgery
　　16. （　　）. British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his
colleagues performed more than 11，000 operations， mostly on soldiers
suffering from facial wounds from gunshots. 17.（　　）.
　　There were other innovations made during World WarⅠ， such as
wristwatches， modern passports， zippers， drones， etc.
A. The Germans did it first in 1916
B. That opened the door for the Americans
C. Blood transfusions （輸血） date back to the 1600s
D. Gillies’ operation became successful immediately
E. World War Ⅰ left thousands of men scarred and maimed
F. Gillies became known as the father of modern plastic surgery
G. After World WarⅠ the blood banks appeared in the United States
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些在第一次世界
大戰期間出現的新事物，如夏令時、血庫、好萊塢以及整形手術
等。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些在第一次世界
大戰期間出現的新事物，如夏令時、血庫、好萊塢以及整形手術
等。
13. A　空后提到：協約國很快也采用了夏令時。A項（德國人在1916
年率先采用了夏令時）與下文銜接緊密，且都在描述一戰時的情況，
符合語境。
14. C　空后的連詞but表轉折，且提到在一戰之前醫生們很少給
病人輸血。C項（輸血起始于17世紀）與but后內容形成轉折關
系，符合語境。
15. B　空前提到：由于很多歐洲國家處于戰火之中，歐洲電影業的
規模也急劇縮減。B項（那給美國人打開了大門）與上文形成因果關
系，符合語境。
16. E　空后提到：英國的軍醫Harold Gillies和他的同事們給很多在戰
爭中受傷的士兵做手術，這些手術大部分針對因槍擊導致面部受傷的
士兵。E項（第一次世界大戰讓許多士兵留下傷疤、落下殘疾）引出
下文，符合語境。
17. F　空前提到：英國的軍醫Harold Gillies和他的同事們給很多在戰
爭中受傷的士兵做手術，這些手術大部分針對因槍擊導致面部受傷的
士兵。F項（Gillies作為現代整形外科手術之父而出名）與上文形成因
果關系，符合語境。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　你校正舉辦主題為Heroic peacemakers in history的英語征文活動。
請你以一位中國的戰斗英雄為題寫一篇短文，內容包括：
1. 人物事跡；
2. 人物啟示。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
參考范文：
　　Qiu Shaoyun， a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the
early 1950s， displayed extraordinary heroism in the Korean War when he
chose to endure fatal burns to protect his comrades.
　　Qiu sacrificed his life for the revolutionary cause at the young age of
26， and his spirit was immortalized.His story reminds us that the cost of
war is immense and that the preservation of peace is something everyone
should strive for. As we admire his courage and loyalty， we are inspired
to cherish peace and go for a harmonious world.
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