資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
單句語法填空
1.Three thousand dollars 　　　　　　（be） quite a lot of money for a boy.
2.A group of sheep 　　　　　　（be） eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill.
3.All the furniture in the room 　　　　　　（buy） last week.
4.The rich 　　　　　　for the plan， while the poor 　　　　　　against it.（be）
5.A new pair of glasses 　　　　　　（buy） yesterday for her by her friend.
6. The audience 　　　　　　（be） so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the hall.
7.Lisa’s family 　　　　　　in this city for about sixteen years and her family 　　　　　　all fond of music. （be）
維度二：語法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of communicating with a stranger.
同陌生人交流有很多種方法。
2.Mathematics 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
數(shù)學(xué)是我最喜歡的學(xué)科之一。
3.Eighty dollars 　　　　　　　　for the skirt.
八十美元夠買這條裙子。
4.The police 　　　　　　　　　a tall dark man with a beard.
警方正在尋找一個高個子、皮膚黝黑、留著胡子的人。
5.When I telephoned yesterday，the family 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我昨天打電話時，那一家人正在吃晚飯。
6.Three years 　　　　　　　　since they met last time， and for them， three years 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
距離他們上次見面已經(jīng)過去了三年，對他們來說，三年真的是很長時間。
維度三：語法與語篇
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面短文。
The wounded 1.　　　　　　 （be） wearing glasses.They 2.　　　　　　 （be） reading the Arabian Nights， which 3.　　　　　　 （be） a very interesting story-book.Just then， a herd of cattle came from the distance， with furniture on their backs， which 4.　　　　 （be） worth 30，000 dollars.This means of transportation 5.　　　　　　 （be） the most convenient one here， because more than 80 percent of the land 6.　　　　　　 （cover） with grass.Cattle 7.　　　　　　 （be） common here.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Kateryna Shcherbyna has been worried since the war broke out.As a horse owner and trainer， she saw that her horses were having trouble getting grain and hay （草料）. “The problem that arose with the beginning of the war was the delivery of horses’ feed，” Shcherbyna tells Treehugger， a website. “It’s hard to have all the year stock of hay at the place； the land is quite expensive around here.”
　　Typically， stables （馬房） keep their feed as distantly as 250 miles from the barn （棚舍）. “That’s why it was impossible to bring a big truck with the feed to our area during the war. It was dangerous because of the bombs and an enormous number of block posts everywhere，” she says.
　　Shcherbyna came up with an idea to get a small bus to at least bring small amounts of feed to each stable. A friend brought her a minibus. Then， she drove almost every day to bring hay and grain from the stock not far from her home to the stables she was able to reach.
　　Besides， Shcherbyna created Help Ukrainian Horses， a Facebook group where people could ask for or offer assistance. While volunteers were able to help the animals that were still in stables， there were other horses that had to live on their own when their owners ran away for safety. “There were a lot of stables on the line of the fire and the only way to be safe was to release horses and get away as fast as possible. It was not possible to take care of them. There were military actions，” Shcherbyna says.
　　Shcherbyna， who is hoping to find a horse-related position abroad， says she has stayed safe so far.“Luckily， I didn’t get shot during my drives. Although there were some battle planes flying above us， I was lucky enough to live in a village where we did not have any military actions，” she says.
1.What has been bothering Shcherbyna during the war？（　　）
A.The rising land rent of her city.
B.The bomb damage to the stables.
C.The lack of feed for her horses.
D.The decline of her horse business.
2.How did Shcherbyna deal with her problem？（　　）
A.By finding barns nearby.
B.By making small deliveries.
C.By freeing horses in the wild.
D.By turning to other horse owners.
3.What does Shcherbyna probably think of the horse owners’ behavior during the war？（　　）
A.Understandable. B.Irresponsible.
C.Stupid. D.Creative.
4.What’s Kateryna Shcherbyna’s plan for the future？（　　）
A.Keeping horses in her village.
B.Saving more horses in the wild.
C.Getting a horse-related job abroad.
D.Expanding Help Ukrainian Horses.
B
　　On 26 January 1945， Audie Murphy and some 40 US troops sat shaking in the cold near the Alsatian town of Holtzwihr. Just after 2 p.m.， the stillness of winter was suddenly broken. In the distance， some 250 German troops and 6 tanks emerged from the woods.
　　At just 19 years old， the baby-faced Texan had already won two Silver Stars and the Distinguished Service Cross， and he was leading men 10 years his senior into battle.
　　Murphy knew that his men stood no chance against so large a force， so he instructed most of them to withdraw to pre-prepared defensive positions along a nearby tree line. As they ran for cover， he stayed behind and used his field telephone to call in an artillery strike. He did not have enough time to contact their artillery commander before salvos（齊射） of German tank fire erupted around him.
　　Murphy saw their tank destroyer slowly burning， but he saw that its machine was still operational. He quickly seized the gun and opened fire on the German troops nearest his position.
　　From their cover on the edge of the tree line， most of Murphy’s troops could only watch in shock. “I expected to see the whole tank destroyer blow up under him any minute，”Private Anthony Abramski later wrote. In fact， the blaze may have saved Murphy’s life. Many of the German troops and tank commanders couldn’t see him behind the smoke and flames.
　　Audie Murphy was called a national hero and awarded the Medal of Honor. Murphy returned home in June 1945. He later started a film career that included more than 40 credits， most of them in Westerns and war films. Reliving the horrors of combat in front of the camera proved difficult for Murphy， who had suffered from nightmares and flashbacks since returning home. He later urged the US government to provide better mental health care for its soldiers. He also hoped people would always live in peace.
5.What do we know about Murphy before the battle？（　　）
A.He wasn’t known to anyone.
B.He had received many awards.
C.He was the oldest in his troops.
D.He wasn’t thought highly of by others.
6.How did Murphy react when seeing the German troops？（　　）
A.He hesitated to take action.
B.He was too frightened to do anything.
C.He became excited and decided to attack.
D.He withdrew his troops to an unexposed position.
7.Which of the following played a role in saving Murphy’s life？（　　）
A.The cover of the nearby tree line.
B.The help offered by the artillery commander.
C.His being invisible behind smoke and flames.
D.His skill in operating the tank destroyer.
8.What can be inferred about Murphy’s post-war life？（　　）
A.He left the horrors of combat behind him.
B.He encouraged people to honor war heroes.
C.He greatly suffered mentally.
D.He failed to find a job.
C
　　Reading a new book of ancient stories translated by great writers， I was surprised to discover how widely the tale of the Trojan War has been told down the ages.A diverse range of authors have been moved to translate various versions of the classical myth （神話）.One reason the Trojan War has struck such a chord is that， besides being an excellent story， it has long been suspected to have actually happened.
It isn’t surprising that people have been convinced of the reality of the Trojan War.The cruel realities of battle are described so unflinchingly （果敢地） in The Iliad， an ancient Greek epic （史詩） by Homer， that it is hard to believe they were not based on observation.Troy， the ancient city located at Hisarlik in present-day Turkey， is described in such vivid colour in the epic that a reader cannot help but be transported to its splendid walls.
It was in fact the possibility of rediscovering Homer’s Troy that led the rich Prussian businessman， Heinrich Schliemann， to travel to Hisarlik in the late 19th century.Told of a possible location for the city， Schliemann began to dig， and uncovered a large number of ancient treasures， many of which are now on display at the British Museum.Although he initially thought many finds belonged to the period in which Homer set the Trojan War when they were in fact centuries older， he had dug the correct location.Most historians agree that ancient Troy was to be found at Hisarlik.Troy was real.
But a historic Trojan War would have been quite different from the one that dominates Homer’s epic.It is hard to imagine a war taking place on quite the scale the poet described， and lasting as long as 10 years when the citadel （城堡） was fairly small.Whether the Trojan War myth was inspired by a war waged long ago， or was just an original invention， it left its mark on the world， and is still of exceptional historic importance.
9.What does the underlined part “struck such a chord” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？（　　）
A.Made its name.
B.Spread the word.
C.Changed many people’s opinions.
D.Touched many people’s hearts.
10.What does Paragraph 2 tell us about the tale of the Trojan War described in The Iliad？（　　）
A.It is too true to life.
B.It falls short of details.
C.It is based on observation.
D.It focuses on brave soldiers.
11.What caused Heinrich Schliemann’s visit to Hisarlik？（　　）
A.His love for traveling.
B.The chance of finding Troy.
C.His ambition to expand his business.
D.The possibility of uncovering ancient treasures.
12.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Did the Trojan War Actually Happen？
B.Homer： a True “Influencer” Back Then
C.Ancient Troy： the City and the Legend
D.What Inspired Homer to Write The Iliad？
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·山東鄄城一中高二下月考）Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a 　13　 place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They discussed various matters all over the world.When the war was near， Alia was 　14　 that the fires of war would destroy the books， which are more 　15　to her than mountains of gold.The books are in every language — new books， ancient books， even a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
　　She had asked the government for 　16　to move the books to a 　17　 place， but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands. 　18　， she brought books home every night， filling her car late after work. Her friends came to help her when the war broke out. Anis who owned a restaurant 　19　 to hide some books. All through the night， Alia， Anis， his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library， 　20　 them over the seven foot wall and 　21　them in the restaurant. The books stayed hidden as the war 　22　. Then nine days later， a fire burned the 　23　 to the ground.
　　One day， the bombing stopped and the 　24　 left. But the war was not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe， they must be 　25　 again while the city was 　26　. So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs （郊區(qū)）. Now Alia waited for the war to end and 　27　 peace and a new library.
13.（　）A.meeting B.working
C.personal D.religious
14.（　）A.worried B.angry
C.doubtful D.curious
15.（　）A.practical B.precious
C.reliable D.expensive
16.（　）A.permission B.confirmation
C.explanation D.information
17.（　）A.large B.public
C.distant D.safe
18.（　）A.Fortunately B.Surprisingly
C.Seriously D.Secretly
19.（　）A.intended B.pretended
C.happened D.agreed
20.（　）A.put B.opened
C.passed D.threw
21.（　）A.hid B.exchanged
C.burnt D.distributed
22.（　）A.approached B.erupted
C.continued D.ended
23.（　）A.restaurant B.library
C.city D.wall
24.（　）A.neighbours B.soldiers
C.friends D.customers
25.（　）A.sold B.read
C.saved D.moved
26.（　）A.occupied B.bombed
C.quiet D.busy
27.（　）A.dreamed of B.believed in
C.cared about D.looked for
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River is a famous war film that describes the heroic struggles of Chinese soldiers during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Set in the background of the Yellow River， the film tells 28.　　　　　　 powerful story of love， courage and determination.
　　Directed by Feng Xiaoning， the film represents the emotional journey of a young couple 29.　　　　　　 （separate） by the war， and 30.　　　　　　 （vivid） shows their strong love and willpower to reunite， despite the chaos and devastation around them.
　　31.　　　　　　 artistic cinematography （電影攝影術(shù)） and storytelling， Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River brings the cruelty of war to life. It demonstrates the 32.　　　　　　 （brave） of Chinese soldiers as they fought 33.　　　　　　 （defend） their homeland， and the deep impact the war had on ordinary people.
　　Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River is not only a war film， but also proof of the 34.　　　　　　 （courage） spirit of the Chinese people. It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by those 35.　　　　　　 fought for their country’s freedom and the strength of love that 36.　　　　　　 （stand） the harshest circumstances.
This film 37.　　　　　 （touch） the hearts of audiences worldwide ever since it first appeared on the screen and this influence will surely continue on and on.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.is　2.are　3.was bought　4.are； are　5.was bought
6.was/were　7.has been； are
維度二
1.There are various means
2.is one of my favorite subjects
3.is enough
4.are searching for
5.were having dinner
6.have passed； is really a long time
維度三
1.were　2.were　3.is　4.was　5.is　6.is covered　7.are
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了Kateryna Shcherbyna為處于戰(zhàn)亂、缺糧少食的馬匹運(yùn)送糧草的故事。
1.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的horses were having trouble getting grain and hay可知，由于戰(zhàn)亂導(dǎo)致運(yùn)輸不暢，Shcherbyna 的馬匹缺少糧草。
2.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Shcherbyna came up with an idea to get a small bus to at least bring small amounts of feed to each stable.可知， Shcherbyna打算通過少量多次的辦法來運(yùn)輸糧草。
3.A　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段中的the only way to be safe was to release horses and get away as fast as possible ... There were military actions可推知，Shcherbyna認(rèn)為一些馬的主人放生馬匹并逃跑，這在戰(zhàn)亂期間是可以理解的選擇。
4.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段中的Shcherbyna， who is hoping to find a horse-related position abroad可知，Shcherbyna未來想要去國外找一份和馬有關(guān)的工作。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了奧迪·墨菲在一次戰(zhàn)役中的英勇行為。
5.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，在這次戰(zhàn)役前墨菲已經(jīng)獲得了很多獎。
6.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和As they ran for cover可知，墨菲讓他的部隊撤退到有掩護(hù)的地方。
7.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句可知，墨菲身邊的煙霧和戰(zhàn)火使得敵軍看不到他，因此他才得以幸存。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段中的Reliving the horrors of combat in front of the camera proved difficult for Murphy，who had suffered from nightmares and flashbacks since returning home.可知，戰(zhàn)后墨菲在精神上飽受折磨。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭到底是神話還是真實(shí)的歷史事件。
9.D　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分前的內(nèi)容可知，作者在閱讀一本由多位偉大作家翻譯的古代故事書時驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭的故事隨處可見。眾多作家都受到感動，翻譯了這則古典神話的各種版本。由此可推知，畫線部分指的是特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭能夠“觸動很多人的心弦”。
10.A　推理判斷題。通讀第二段可知，人們相信特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭是真實(shí)發(fā)生過的，這一點(diǎn)并不奇怪。由荷馬創(chuàng)作的古希臘史詩《伊利亞特》描述了殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭場景，那些描述如此果敢，讓人很難相信它們不是基于觀察來進(jìn)行描寫的。荷馬對特洛伊古城的描述非常生動，仿佛把讀者帶入了這座古城。由此推知，《伊利亞特》中描述的特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭故事太過逼真。
11.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的It was in fact ... the late 19th century.可知，事實(shí)上，在19世紀(jì)后期，正是因?yàn)橛邪l(fā)現(xiàn)特洛伊古城的可能性，普魯士富商海因里希·施里曼才前往希沙里克。
12.A　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，第一段首先介紹了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭的故事引起了大家的共鳴，其中一個原因就是一直有人懷疑那場戰(zhàn)爭是真實(shí)發(fā)生過的；第二段和第三段介紹了很多人認(rèn)為特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭是真實(shí)歷史事件的原因；最后一段指出，實(shí)際情況與荷馬描寫的情況可能大不相同，但不論事實(shí)如何，特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭都具有特殊的歷史意義。因此A項為本文最佳標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了主人公Alia Baker是一名圖書管理員，在戰(zhàn)爭中，她在朋友的幫助下，先后兩次轉(zhuǎn)移圖書，竭盡全力保護(hù)圖書安全的故事。
13.A　根據(jù)上文可知，Alia Baker是圖書管理員，熱愛書籍的人應(yīng)該是在她的圖書館見面，分享知識。meeting會面的；working工作上的；personal私人的；religious宗教的。
14.A　根據(jù)語境可知，當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭臨近時，她擔(dān)心戰(zhàn)火會毀了這些書。worried擔(dān)心的；angry生氣的；doubtful懷疑的；curious好奇的。
15.B　Alia Baker擔(dān)心戰(zhàn)火會毀了這些書，由此可知，書在她心中是珍貴的，甚至比金山更珍貴。practical實(shí)際的；precious珍貴的；reliable可信賴的；expensive昂貴的。
16.A　根據(jù)下文but they refused可知，想要把書移到一個安全的地方，是需要得到政府的許可的。permission準(zhǔn)許；confirmation證實(shí)；explanation解釋；information信息。
17.D　根據(jù)上文可知，戰(zhàn)爭臨近，Alia Baker擔(dān)心戰(zhàn)火會毀了這些書。由此可推斷，她是想把書轉(zhuǎn)移到一個安全的地方。large大的；public公共的；distant遙遠(yuǎn)的；safe安全的。
18.D　上文提到她請求政府準(zhǔn)許把這些書移到一個安全的地方，但是他們拒絕了。所以她應(yīng)該是秘密地做轉(zhuǎn)移書的事情。fortunately幸運(yùn)地；surprisingly令人驚訝地；seriously嚴(yán)肅地；secretly秘密地。
19.D　根據(jù)上文Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.可知，她的朋友來幫助她。由此可推斷，Anis同意幫助她藏一些書。并且下文提到他們把書從圖書館里運(yùn)出來，然后藏到餐館里。intend打算；pretend假裝；happen發(fā)生；agree同意。
20.C　根據(jù)語境可知，他們應(yīng)該是先從圖書館取出書，越過七英尺高的墻，再傳遞給外面的人，才能把書運(yùn)出去。put放；open打開；pass傳遞；throw扔。
21.A　根據(jù)上文Anis who owned a restaurant 　19　 to hide some books.可知，他們把書藏在餐館里。hide藏；exchange交換；burn燃燒；distribute分配。
22.C　根據(jù)上文The books stayed hidden可知，書一直藏著，戰(zhàn)爭一直在持續(xù)。approach接近；erupt爆發(fā)；continue持續(xù)；end結(jié)束。
23.B　根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，Alia夢想著和平和一個新圖書館。由此可推斷，之前的圖書館被燒毀了。restaurant餐館；library圖書館；city城市；wall墻。
24.B　下文提到她雇了一輛卡車，把所有的書轉(zhuǎn)移到郊區(qū)的朋友家。根據(jù)常識推斷，只有轟炸停止了，士兵們離開了，Alia才有機(jī)會去轉(zhuǎn)移書。neighbour鄰居；soldier士兵；friend朋友；customer顧客。
25.D　下文提到她把書轉(zhuǎn)移到郊區(qū)的朋友家，由此可推斷出，此處應(yīng)該是書被再次移動。sell賣；read讀；save拯救；move移動。
26.C　根據(jù)上文One day， the bombing stopped and the 　24　 left.可知，轟炸停止了，士兵們離開了，城市此時應(yīng)該是安靜的。occupied被占領(lǐng)的；bombed爛醉如泥的；quiet安靜的；busy忙碌的。
27.A　根據(jù)上文可知，一場大火把圖書館夷為平地，所以她一定是夢想著和平和一個新圖書館。dream of夢想；believe in相信；care about關(guān)心；look for尋找。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一部以抗日戰(zhàn)爭為背景的國產(chǎn)電影《黃河絕戀》。
28.a　考查冠詞。story 是可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指一個關(guān)于愛、勇氣和決心的故事，且空后powerful的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞 a。
29.separated　考查非謂語動詞。separate 和 a young couple 存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填separated。
30.vividly　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空后的動詞shows可知，本空應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填vividly。
31.With　考查介詞。空處在句中作狀語，意為“利用……”。故填With。
32.bravery　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the及空后的of Chinese soldiers可知，本空應(yīng)用名詞 bravery作賓語。
33.to defend　考查非謂語動詞。空處作目的狀語，應(yīng)用動詞不定式形式，故填to defend。
34.courageous　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空修飾名詞spirit 作定語，應(yīng)用形容詞courageous，意為“勇往直前的精神”。
35.who　考查定語從句。句中先行詞為表示“人”的代詞 those，需用 who 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。
36.stands　考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。本句的主語是the strength of love，且表示客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
37.has been touching　考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語ever since it first appeared on the screen 可知，此處需用現(xiàn)在完成時，另外根據(jù) this influence will surely continue on and on 可知，這種影響將會繼續(xù)下去，需用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。故填has been touching。
1 / 3Section Ⅱ　Using language
主謂一致（1）
①Your enemy is well trained， well equipped and battle-hardened ...
②The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
③Seventy years later， men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel， where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.句①、句②中，enemy是集體名詞，當(dāng)集體名詞表示一個整體時，謂語動詞用　　　數(shù)形式；表示組成集體的成員時，謂語動詞用　　　數(shù)形式。
2.句③中，集體名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，作主語時謂語通常也用　　　數(shù)形式。
一、主謂一致概述
　主謂一致是指句子的謂語動詞在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上必須和主語保持一致。一般可根據(jù)三個原則來確定：意義一致原則、語法一致原則和就近一致原則。本章節(jié)我們主要講解意義一致原則。
二、意義一致原則的用法
　主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系并非取決于語法上的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，而是取決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)意義。比如有時主語在語法形式上并非復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，隨后的謂語動詞便用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，主語在語法形式上是復(fù)數(shù)形式，而在意義上可視為單數(shù)，隨后的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。這種一致關(guān)系叫作“意義一致”。用法如下：
1.集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致
（1）集體名詞作主語，如果表示一個整體概念時，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)組成集體的各個成員時，謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這類名詞有： family， class， team， group， enemy， army， audience， band， club， crowd， staff， committee， company， crew， government， public等。
There was a big audience at the evening party.
晚會上觀眾很多。
The audience were all deeply impressed by the plot.
劇情給觀眾留下了深刻的印象。
The football team is being organized.
這支足球隊正在組建。
（2）個別集體名詞，如people， police， cattle等作主語，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
How many people were present at the meeting？
有多少人參加了會議？
The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill.
牛群正在山腳下吃草。
2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時的主謂一致
單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，根據(jù)其意義是單數(shù)概念還是復(fù)數(shù)概念來判斷謂語用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)，如means，sheep， deer， works等。
Every means has been tried many times.
每一種辦法都已經(jīng)被嘗試過很多次了。
All possible means have been tried many times.
所有可能的方法都試過很多次了。
This works was built in 1982.
這個工廠是1982年建的。
3.單數(shù)概念的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞作主語時的主謂一致
單數(shù)概念的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞（如學(xué)科、機(jī)構(gòu)、書名、劇名、國名等）作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如：physics，mathematics/maths，economics，politics，gymnastics，the United States，the United Nations，A Dream in Red Mansions， Anderson’s Fairy Tales等。
Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.
數(shù)學(xué)對我而言似乎很難。
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的書。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①Almost every family in the country 　　　　　　（own） a television.
②All my family 　　　　　　（be） fond of skiing.
③A committee of five men and three women 　　　　　　（be） to consider the matter.
④At this time yesterday the police 　　　　（seek） more information from witnesses.
⑤Physics 　　　　　　（be） a difficult subject for most students.
4.“兩部分”概念的物體名詞作主語時的主謂一致
由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是如果這些詞由單位詞（a pair of， a kind of， a suit of， a piece of等）修飾時，單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有chopsticks， compasses， glasses， gloves， jeans， pants， scissors， shoes， shorts， socks， trousers等。
My trousers are white and his clothes are black.
我的褲子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。
A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.
那個抽屜里放著一把剪刀。
These kinds of glasses are very popular this summer.
這幾種眼鏡今年夏天很受歡迎。
5.表示距離、時間、長度、金額等的名詞短語作主語時的主謂一致
當(dāng)名詞短語的中心詞為表示距離、時間、長度、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。這類復(fù)數(shù)名詞有miles， dollars， pounds， kilograms， kilometres， centimetres， millimetres， seconds， hours， years等。
Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer.
對于等待一個答案來說，三周是一段很長的時間。
Twenty kilometres is a quite long distance.
二十公里是一段相當(dāng)長的距離。
6.“the＋形容詞或過去分詞”表示一類人作主語時的主謂一致
“the＋形容詞或過去分詞”表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如 “the＋形容詞”指一個人或表示一種抽象概念或品質(zhì)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.
最后，傷員們被村民們救起。
The wounded in the accident was a policeman.
這次事故的受傷者是一名警察。
【即時演練2】　補(bǔ)全句子
①Usually， the wise 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
通常，智者只聽不說。
②After they learn about relevant information， the old are for the decision but the young 　　　　　　　　　.
了解相關(guān)信息之后，老年人贊成這一決定，但是年輕人反對它。
③Twenty years 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
20年在一個人的一生中是一段很長的時間。
④A suit of gloves 　　　　　　　　　　last Sunday.
上個星期天公共汽車上落下了一副手套。
remove ...from 將……從……中移開（拿走、除掉）；將某人從……撤職（免職）
【教材原句】　They work to disarm combatants and to secure weapons and ammunition， removing them from use.他們致力于解除戰(zhàn)斗人員的武裝，保護(hù)武器和彈藥，使其停止使用。
【用法】
（1）remove v.　　移開，拿開；脫去，摘下；去除，排除；免除
remove into 搬進(jìn)
remove ...to 把……搬到，把……遷移到
remove one’s doubts　消除某人的疑慮
（2）removal n. 移動，去除；免職，解職
【佳句】　The men came to remove the rubbish from the backyard.
這些人來清除后院的垃圾。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①As a consequence of the 　　　　（remove） of computer virus， the system quickly returns to normal.
②He removed the painting 　　　　　　the wall of another room.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③When I have difficulty in oral English， what you said 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
當(dāng)我在英語口語有困難時，你所說的話完全消除了我的疑慮。（感謝信）
be based on 以……為基礎(chǔ)
【教材原句】　Act out an interview based on the information you have found.
根據(jù)你找到的信息表演一場面試。
【用法】
（1）base v.　以……為基礎(chǔ)
n. 基部；基礎(chǔ)；基地
base ...on/upon 把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上
a millitary base 軍事基地
（2）basis n. 基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)
on the basis of sth 在某事的基礎(chǔ)上；根據(jù)某事
（3）basic adj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的
basic facts 基本事實(shí)
（4）basically adv. 基本上；從根本上說
【佳句】　This film is based on a true story that touched the hearts of many people.
這部電影基于一個感動了許多人的真實(shí)故事。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①She always reminds us that the 　　　　　（base） rule we should follow is to be kind to others.
【寫美】　一句多譯
②這本書以作者的親身經(jīng)歷為根據(jù)，反映了文化之間的差異。
→The book 　　　　　　　　the writer’s personal experience， reflecting the cultural difference.（base）
→The book 　　　　　　　　　　　the writer’s personal experience， reflecting the cultural difference.（basis）
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.單　復(fù)　2.復(fù)
即時演練1
①owns　②are　③is　④were seeking　⑤is
即時演練2
①are listening not speaking　②are against it　③is a long time in one’s life　④was left on the bus
【知識要點(diǎn)·須拾遺】
1.①removal　②to　③has completely removed my doubts
2.①basic　②is based on； is on the basis of
5 / 5(共81張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
知識要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
主謂一致（1）
①Your enemy is well trained， well equipped and battle-hardened ...
②The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even
before they reached land.
③Seventy years later， men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both
sides of the English Channel， where people were coming together for
memorial ceremonies.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 句①、句②中，enemy是集體名詞，當(dāng)集體名詞表示一個整體時，
謂語動詞用 數(shù)形式；表示組成集體的成員時，謂語動詞
用 數(shù)形式。
2. 句③中，集體名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，作主語時謂語通常也用 數(shù)
形式。
單　
復(fù)　
復(fù)　
一、主謂一致概述
　主謂一致是指句子的謂語動詞在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上必須和主語保
持一致。一般可根據(jù)三個原則來確定：意義一致原則、語法一致原則
和就近一致原則。本章節(jié)我們主要講解意義一致原則。
二、意義一致原則的用法
　主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系并非取決于語法上的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，而是
取決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)意義。比如有時主語在語法形式上并非復(fù)數(shù)形
式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，隨后的謂語動詞便用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，主語在
語法形式上是復(fù)數(shù)形式，而在意義上可視為單數(shù)，隨后的謂語動詞也
用單數(shù)形式。這種一致關(guān)系叫作“意義一致”。用法如下：
1. 集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致
（1）集體名詞作主語，如果表示一個整體概念時，謂語動詞就
用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)組成集體的各個成員時，謂語動詞
就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這類名詞有： family， class，
team， group， enemy， army， audience， band，
club， crowd， staff， committee， company， crew，
government， public等。
There was a big audience at the evening party.
晚會上觀眾很多。
The audience were all deeply impressed by the plot.
劇情給觀眾留下了深刻的印象。
The football team is being organized.
這支足球隊正在組建。
（2）個別集體名詞，如people， police， cattle等作主語，謂語動
詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
How many people were present at the meeting？
有多少人參加了會議？
The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill.
牛群正在山腳下吃草。
2. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時的主謂一致
單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，根據(jù)其意義是單數(shù)概念還是復(fù)數(shù)
概念來判斷謂語用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)，如means，sheep， deer，
works等。
Every means has been tried many times.
每一種辦法都已經(jīng)被嘗試過很多次了。
All possible means have been tried many times.
所有可能的方法都試過很多次了。
This works was built in 1982.
這個工廠是1982年建的。
3. 單數(shù)概念的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞作主語時的主謂一致
單數(shù)概念的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞（如學(xué)科、機(jī)構(gòu)、書名、劇名、國名等）
作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如：physics，
mathematics/maths，economics，politics，gymnastics，the United
States，the United Nations，A Dream in Red Mansions， Anderson’s
Fairy Tales等。
Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.
數(shù)學(xué)對我而言似乎很難。
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的書。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①Almost every family in the country （own） a television.
②All my family （be） fond of skiing.
③A committee of five men and three women （be） to consider
the matter.
④At this time yesterday the police （seek） more
information from witnesses.
⑤Physics （be） a difficult subject for most students.
owns　
are　
is　
were seeking　
is　
4. “兩部分”概念的物體名詞作主語時的主謂一致
由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是
如果這些詞由單位詞（a pair of， a kind of， a suit of， a piece of
等）修飾時，單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有
chopsticks， compasses， glasses， gloves， jeans， pants，
scissors， shoes， shorts， socks， trousers等。
My trousers are white and his clothes are black.
我的褲子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。
A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.
那個抽屜里放著一把剪刀。
These kinds of glasses are very popular this summer.
這幾種眼鏡今年夏天很受歡迎。
5. 表示距離、時間、長度、金額等的名詞短語作主語時的主謂一致
當(dāng)名詞短語的中心詞為表示距離、時間、長度、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞
時，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。這
類復(fù)數(shù)名詞有miles， dollars， pounds， kilograms， kilometres，
centimetres， millimetres， seconds， hours， years等。
Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer.
對于等待一個答案來說，三周是一段很長的時間。
Twenty kilometres is a quite long distance.
二十公里是一段相當(dāng)長的距離。
6. “the＋形容詞或過去分詞”表示一類人作主語時的主謂一致
“the＋形容詞或過去分詞”表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形
式；如 “the＋形容詞”指一個人或表示一種抽象概念或品質(zhì)時，
謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.
最后，傷員們被村民們救起。
The wounded in the accident was a policeman.
這次事故的受傷者是一名警察。
【即時演練2】　補(bǔ)全句子
①Usually， the wise .
通常，智者只聽不說。
②After they learn about relevant information， the old are for the decision
but the young .
了解相關(guān)信息之后，老年人贊成這一決定，但是年輕人反對它。
③Twenty years .
20年在一個人的一生中是一段很長的時間。
④A suit of gloves last Sunday.
上個星期天公共汽車上落下了一副手套。
are listening not speaking　
are against it　
is a long time in one’s life　
was left on the bus　
知識要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
關(guān)注高頻詞匯
2
remove ...from 將……從……中移開（拿走、除掉）；將某人
從……撤職（免職）
【教材原句】　They work to disarm combatants and to secure weapons
and ammunition， removing them from use.
他們致力于解除戰(zhàn)斗人員的武裝，保護(hù)武器和彈藥，使其停止使用。
【用法】
（1）remove v.　　移開，拿開；脫去，摘下；去除，排除；免除
remove into 　　搬進(jìn)
remove ...to 　　把……搬到，把……遷移到
remove one’s doubts　　消除某人的疑慮
（2）removal n.　　移動，去除；免職，解職
【佳句】　The men came to remove the rubbish from the backyard.這些
人來清除后院的垃圾。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①As a consequence of the （remove） of computer virus，
the system quickly returns to normal.
②He removed the painting the wall of another room.
removal　
to　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③When I have difficulty in oral English， what you said
.
當(dāng)我在英語口語有困難時，你所說的話完全消除了我的疑慮。
（感謝信）
has
completely removed my doubts　
be based on 以……為基礎(chǔ)
【教材原句】　Act out an interview based on the information you have
found.
根據(jù)你找到的信息表演一場面試。
【用法】
（1）base v.　　以……為基礎(chǔ)
n.　　基部；基礎(chǔ)；基地
base ...on/upon　　把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上
a millitary base　　軍事基地
（2）basis n.　　基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)
on the basis of sth　　在某事的基礎(chǔ)上；根據(jù)某事
（3）basic adj.　　基本的；基礎(chǔ)的
basic facts　　基本事實(shí)
（4）basically adv.　　基本上；從根本上說
【佳句】　This film is based on a true story that touched the hearts of
many people.
這部電影基于一個感動了許多人的真實(shí)故事。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①She always reminds us that the （base） rule we should
follow is to be kind to others.
basic　
【寫美】　一句多譯
②這本書以作者的親身經(jīng)歷為根據(jù)，反映了文化之間的差異。
→The book the writer’s personal experience，
reflecting the cultural difference.（base）
→The book the writer’s personal experience，
reflecting the cultural difference.（basis）
is based on　
is on the basis of　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
單句語法填空
1. Three thousand dollars （be） quite a lot of money for a boy.
2. A group of sheep （be） eating grass and leaves at the foot of
the hill.
3. All the furniture in the room （buy） last week.
is　
are　
was bought　
4. The rich for the plan， while the poor against it.
（be）
5. A new pair of glasses （buy） yesterday for her by her
friend.
6. The audience （be） so large that no seat was left
unoccupied in the hall.
7. Lisa’s family in this city for about sixteen years and her
family all fond of music. （be）
are　
are　
was bought　
was/were　
has been　
are　
維度二：語法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1. of communicating with a stranger.
同陌生人交流有很多種方法。
2. Mathematics .
數(shù)學(xué)是我最喜歡的學(xué)科之一。
3. Eighty dollars for the skirt.
八十美元夠買這條裙子。
4. The police a tall dark man with a beard.
警方正在尋找一個高個子、皮膚黝黑、留著胡子的人。
There are various means　
is one of my favorite subjects　
is enough　
are searching for　
5. When I telephoned yesterday，the family .
我昨天打電話時，那一家人正在吃晚飯。
6. Three years since they met last time， and for them，
three years .
距離他們上次見面已經(jīng)過去了三年，對他們來說，三年真的是很長
時間。
were having dinner　
have passed　
is really a long time　
維度三：語法與語篇
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面短文。
The wounded 1. （be） wearing glasses.They 2.
（be） reading the Arabian Nights， which 3. （be） a very
interesting story-book.Just then， a herd of cattle came from the
distance， with furniture on their backs， which 4. （be） worth
30，000 dollars.This means of transportation 5. （be） the most
convenient one here， because more than 80 percent of the land 6.
（cover） with grass.Cattle 7. （be） common here.
were　
were　
is　
was　
is　
is
covered　
are　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Kateryna Shcherbyna has been worried since the war broke out.As a
horse owner and trainer， she saw that her horses were having trouble
getting grain and hay （草料）. “The problem that arose with the
beginning of the war was the delivery of horses’ feed，” Shcherbyna
tells Treehugger， a website. “It’s hard to have all the year stock of hay
at the place； the land is quite expensive around here.”
　　Typically， stables （馬房） keep their feed as distantly as 250 miles
from the barn （棚舍）. “That’s why it was impossible to bring a big
truck with the feed to our area during the war. It was dangerous because of
the bombs and an enormous number of block posts everywhere，” she
says.
　　Shcherbyna came up with an idea to get a small bus to at least bring
small amounts of feed to each stable. A friend brought her a minibus.
Then， she drove almost every day to bring hay and grain from the stock
not far from her home to the stables she was able to reach.
　　Besides， Shcherbyna created Help Ukrainian Horses， a Facebook
group where people could ask for or offer assistance. While volunteers
were able to help the animals that were still in stables， there were other
horses that had to live on their own when their owners ran away for safety.
“There were a lot of stables on the line of the fire and the only way to be
safe was to release horses and get away as fast as possible. It was not
possible to take care of them. There were military actions，” Shcherbyna
says.
　　Shcherbyna， who is hoping to find a horse-related position abroad，
says she has stayed safe so far.“Luckily， I didn’t get shot during my
drives. Although there were some battle planes flying above us， I was
lucky enough to live in a village where we did not have any military
actions，” she says.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了Kateryna Shcherbyna為
處于戰(zhàn)亂、缺糧少食的馬匹運(yùn)送糧草的故事。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了Kateryna Shcherbyna為
處于戰(zhàn)亂、缺糧少食的馬匹運(yùn)送糧草的故事。
1. What has been bothering Shcherbyna during the war？（　　）
A. The rising land rent of her city.
B. The bomb damage to the stables.
C. The lack of feed for her horses.
D. The decline of her horse business.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的horses were having trouble
getting grain and hay可知，由于戰(zhàn)亂導(dǎo)致運(yùn)輸不暢，Shcherbyna 的
馬匹缺少糧草。
2. How did Shcherbyna deal with her problem？（　　）
A. By finding barns nearby.
B. By making small deliveries.
C. By freeing horses in the wild.
D. By turning to other horse owners.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Shcherbyna came up with
an idea to get a small bus to at least bring small amounts of feed to each
stable.可知， Shcherbyna打算通過少量多次的辦法來運(yùn)輸糧草。
3. What does Shcherbyna probably think of the horse owners’ behavior
during the war？（　　）
A. Understandable. B. Irresponsible.
C. Stupid. D. Creative.
解析： 　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段中的the only way to be safe was
to release horses and get away as fast as possible ... There were
military actions可推知，Shcherbyna認(rèn)為一些馬的主人放生馬匹并逃
跑，這在戰(zhàn)亂期間是可以理解的選擇。
4. What’s Kateryna Shcherbyna’s plan for the future？（　　）
A. Keeping horses in her village.
B. Saving more horses in the wild.
C. Getting a horse-related job abroad.
D. Expanding Help Ukrainian Horses.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段中的Shcherbyna， who is hoping
to find a horse-related position abroad可知，Shcherbyna未來想要去國
外找一份和馬有關(guān)的工作。
B
　　On 26 January 1945， Audie Murphy and some 40 US troops sat
shaking in the cold near the Alsatian town of Holtzwihr. Just after 2
p.m.， the stillness of winter was suddenly broken. In the distance，
some 250 German troops and 6 tanks emerged from the woods.
　　At just 19 years old， the baby-faced Texan had already won two
Silver Stars and the Distinguished Service Cross， and he was leading men
10 years his senior into battle.
　　Murphy knew that his men stood no chance against so large a force，
so he instructed most of them to withdraw to pre-prepared defensive
positions along a nearby tree line. As they ran for cover， he stayed
behind and used his field telephone to call in an artillery strike. He did not
have enough time to contact their artillery commander before salvos（齊
射） of German tank fire erupted around him.
　　Murphy saw their tank destroyer slowly burning， but he saw that its
machine was still operational. He quickly seized the gun and opened fire
on the German troops nearest his position.
　　From their cover on the edge of the tree line， most of Murphy’s
troops could only watch in shock. “I expected to see the whole tank
destroyer blow up under him any minute，”Private Anthony Abramski
later wrote. In fact， the blaze may have saved Murphy’s life. Many of
the German troops and tank commanders couldn’t see him behind the
smoke and flames.
　　Audie Murphy was called a national hero and awarded the Medal of
Honor. Murphy returned home in June 1945. He later started a film career
that included more than 40 credits， most of them in Westerns and war
films. Reliving the horrors of combat in front of the camera proved
difficult for Murphy， who had suffered from nightmares and flashbacks
since returning home. He later urged the US government to provide better
mental health care for its soldiers. He also hoped people would always live
in peace.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了奧迪·墨菲在一次戰(zhàn)
役中的英勇行為。
5. What do we know about Murphy before the battle？（　　）
A. He wasn’t known to anyone.
B. He had received many awards.
C. He was the oldest in his troops.
D. He wasn’t thought highly of by others.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，在這次戰(zhàn)役前墨菲
已經(jīng)獲得了很多獎。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了奧迪·墨菲在一次戰(zhàn)
役中的英勇行為。
6. How did Murphy react when seeing the German troops？（　　）
A. He hesitated to take action.
B. He was too frightened to do anything.
C. He became excited and decided to attack.
D. He withdrew his troops to an unexposed position.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和As they ran for cover
可知，墨菲讓他的部隊撤退到有掩護(hù)的地方。
7. Which of the following played a role in saving Murphy’s life？
（　　）
A. The cover of the nearby tree line.
B. The help offered by the artillery commander.
C. His being invisible behind smoke and flames.
D. His skill in operating the tank destroyer.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句可知，墨菲身邊的煙
霧和戰(zhàn)火使得敵軍看不到他，因此他才得以幸存。
8. What can be inferred about Murphy’s post-war life？（　　）
A. He left the horrors of combat behind him.
B. He encouraged people to honor war heroes.
C. He greatly suffered mentally.
D. He failed to find a job.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段中的Reliving the horrors of combat
in front of the camera proved difficult for Murphy，who had suffered
from nightmares and flashbacks since returning home.可知，戰(zhàn)后墨菲
在精神上飽受折磨。
C
　　Reading a new book of ancient stories translated by great writers， I
was surprised to discover how widely the tale of the Trojan War has been
told down the ages.A diverse range of authors have been moved to
translate various versions of the classical myth （神話）.One reason the
Trojan War has struck such a chord is that， besides being an excellent
story， it has long been suspected to have actually happened.
It isn’t surprising that people have been convinced of the reality of
the Trojan War.The cruel realities of battle are described so unflinchingly
（果敢地） in The Iliad， an ancient Greek epic （史詩） by Homer，
that it is hard to believe they were not based on observation.Troy， the
ancient city located at Hisarlik in present-day Turkey， is described in
such vivid colour in the epic that a reader cannot help but be transported to
its splendid walls.
It was in fact the possibility of rediscovering Homer’s Troy that led
the rich Prussian businessman， Heinrich Schliemann， to travel to
Hisarlik in the late 19th century.Told of a possible location for the city，
Schliemann began to dig， and uncovered a large number of ancient
treasures， many of which are now on display at the British
Museum.Although he initially thought many finds belonged to the period
in which Homer set the Trojan War when they were in fact centuries
older， he had dug the correct location.Most historians agree that ancient
Troy was to be found at Hisarlik.Troy was real.
But a historic Trojan War would have been quite different from the
one that dominates Homer’s epic.It is hard to imagine a war taking place
on quite the scale the poet described， and lasting as long as 10 years
when the citadel （城堡） was fairly small.Whether the Trojan War myth
was inspired by a war waged long ago， or was just an original
invention， it left its mark on the world， and is still of exceptional
historic importance.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭到底是神話
還是真實(shí)的歷史事件。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭到底是神話
還是真實(shí)的歷史事件。
9. What does the underlined part “struck such a chord” in Paragraph 1
probably mean？（　　）
A. Made its name.
B. Spread the word.
C. Changed many people’s opinions.
D. Touched many people’s hearts.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分前的內(nèi)容可知，作者在閱讀
一本由多位偉大作家翻譯的古代故事書時驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭
的故事隨處可見。眾多作家都受到感動，翻譯了這則古典神話的各
種版本。由此可推知，畫線部分指的是特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭能夠“觸動很多
人的心弦”。
10. What does Paragraph 2 tell us about the tale of the Trojan War
described in The Iliad？（　　）
A. It is too true to life.
B. It falls short of details.
C. It is based on observation.
D. It focuses on brave soldiers.
解析： 　推理判斷題。通讀第二段可知，人們相信特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭
是真實(shí)發(fā)生過的，這一點(diǎn)并不奇怪。由荷馬創(chuàng)作的古希臘史詩
《伊利亞特》描述了殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭場景，那些描述如此果敢，讓人
很難相信它們不是基于觀察來進(jìn)行描寫的。荷馬對特洛伊古城的
描述非常生動，仿佛把讀者帶入了這座古城。由此推知，《伊利
亞特》中描述的特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭故事太過逼真。
11. What caused Heinrich Schliemann’s visit to Hisarlik？（　　）
A. His love for traveling.
B. The chance of finding Troy.
C. His ambition to expand his business.
D. The possibility of uncovering ancient treasures.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的It was in fact ... the late
19th century.可知，事實(shí)上，在19世紀(jì)后期，正是因?yàn)橛邪l(fā)現(xiàn)特洛
伊古城的可能性，普魯士富商海因里希·施里曼才前往希沙里克。
12. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Did the Trojan War Actually Happen？
B. Homer： a True “Influencer” Back Then
C. Ancient Troy： the City and the Legend
D. What Inspired Homer to Write The Iliad？
解析： 　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，第一段首先介紹了特洛
伊戰(zhàn)爭的故事引起了大家的共鳴，其中一個原因就是一直有人懷
疑那場戰(zhàn)爭是真實(shí)發(fā)生過的；第二段和第三段介紹了很多人認(rèn)為
特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭是真實(shí)歷史事件的原因；最后一段指出，實(shí)際情況與
荷馬描寫的情況可能大不相同，但不論事實(shí)如何，特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭都
具有特殊的歷史意義。因此A項為本文最佳標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·山東鄄城一中高二下月考）Alia Baker is a librarian in
Iraq. Her library used to be a 　13　place for all who loved books and
liked to share knowledge. They discussed various matters all over the
world.When the war was near， Alia was 　14　that the fires of war
would destroy the books， which are more 　15　to her than mountains
of gold.The books are in every language — new books， ancient books，
even a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
　　She had asked the government for 　16　to move the books to
a 　17　place， but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own
hands. 　18　， she brought books home every night， filling her car
late after work. Her friends came to help her when the war broke out. Anis
who owned a restaurant 　19　 to hide some books. All through the
night， Alia， Anis， his brothers and neighbours took the books from the
library， 　20　them over the seven foot wall and 　21　them in the
restaurant. The books stayed hidden as the war 　22　. Then nine days
later， a fire burned the 　23　to the ground.
　　One day， the bombing stopped and the 　24　left. But the war was
not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe， they must
be 　25　again while the city was 　26　. So she hired a truck to bring
all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs （郊區(qū)）. Now Alia
waited for the war to end and 　27　peace and a new library.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了主人公Alia Baker是
一名圖書管理員，在戰(zhàn)爭中，她在朋友的幫助下，先后兩次轉(zhuǎn)移圖
書，竭盡全力保護(hù)圖書安全的故事。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了主人公Alia Baker是
一名圖書管理員，在戰(zhàn)爭中，她在朋友的幫助下，先后兩次轉(zhuǎn)移圖
書，竭盡全力保護(hù)圖書安全的故事。
13. A. meeting B. working
C. personal D. religious
解析： 　根據(jù)上文可知，Alia Baker是圖書管理員，熱愛書籍的
人應(yīng)該是在她的圖書館見面，分享知識。meeting會面的；
working工作上的；personal私人的；religious宗教的。
14. A. worried B. angry
C. doubtful D. curious
解析： 　根據(jù)語境可知，當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭臨近時，她擔(dān)心戰(zhàn)火會毀了這
些書。worried擔(dān)心的；angry生氣的；doubtful懷疑的；curious好
奇的。
15. A. practical B. precious
C. reliable D. expensive
解析： 　Alia Baker擔(dān)心戰(zhàn)火會毀了這些書，由此可知，書在她
心中是珍貴的，甚至比金山更珍貴。practical實(shí)際的；precious珍
貴的；reliable可信賴的；expensive昂貴的。
16. A. permission B. confirmation
C. explanation D. information
解析： 　根據(jù)下文but they refused可知，想要把書移到一個安全
的地方，是需要得到政府的許可的。permission準(zhǔn)許；
confirmation證實(shí)；explanation解釋；information信息。
17. A. large B. public C. distant D. safe
解析： 　根據(jù)上文可知，戰(zhàn)爭臨近，Alia Baker擔(dān)心戰(zhàn)火會毀了
這些書。由此可推斷，她是想把書轉(zhuǎn)移到一個安全的地方。large
大的；public公共的；distant遙遠(yuǎn)的；safe安全的。
18. A. Fortunately B. Surprisingly
C. Seriously D. Secretly
解析： 　上文提到她請求政府準(zhǔn)許把這些書移到一個安全的地
方，但是他們拒絕了。所以她應(yīng)該是秘密地做轉(zhuǎn)移書的事情。
fortunately幸運(yùn)地；surprisingly令人驚訝地；seriously嚴(yán)肅地；
secretly秘密地。
19. A. intended B. pretended
C. happened D. agreed
解析： 　根據(jù)上文Her friends came to help her when the war broke
out.可知，她的朋友來幫助她。由此可推斷，Anis同意幫助她藏
一些書。并且下文提到他們把書從圖書館里運(yùn)出來，然后藏到餐
館里。intend打算；pretend假裝；happen發(fā)生；agree同意。
20. A. put B. opened C. passed D. threw
解析： 　根據(jù)語境可知，他們應(yīng)該是先從圖書館取出書，越過
七英尺高的墻，再傳遞給外面的人，才能把書運(yùn)出去。put放；
open打開；pass傳遞；throw扔。
21. A. hid B. exchanged
C. burnt D. distributed
解析： 　根據(jù)上文Anis who owned a restaurant 　19　 to hide
some books.可知，他們把書藏在餐館里。hide藏；exchange交
換；burn燃燒；distribute分配。
22. A. approached B. erupted
C. continued D. ended
解析： 　根據(jù)上文The books stayed hidden可知，書一直藏著，
戰(zhàn)爭一直在持續(xù)。approach接近；erupt爆發(fā)；continue持續(xù)；end
結(jié)束。
23. A. restaurant B. library
C. city D. wall
解析： 　根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，Alia夢想著和平和一個新圖書
館。由此可推斷，之前的圖書館被燒毀了。restaurant餐館；
library圖書館；city城市；wall墻。
24. A. neighbours B. soldiers
C. friends D. customers
解析： 　下文提到她雇了一輛卡車，把所有的書轉(zhuǎn)移到郊區(qū)的
朋友家。根據(jù)常識推斷，只有轟炸停止了，士兵們離開了，Alia
才有機(jī)會去轉(zhuǎn)移書。neighbour鄰居；soldier士兵；friend朋友；
customer顧客。
25. A. sold B. read C. saved D. moved
解析： 　下文提到她把書轉(zhuǎn)移到郊區(qū)的朋友家，由此可推斷
出，此處應(yīng)該是書被再次移動。sell賣；read讀；save拯救；move
移動。
26. A. occupied B. bombed
C. quiet D. busy
解析： 　根據(jù)上文One day， the bombing stopped and
the 　24　left.可知，轟炸停止了，士兵們離開了，城市此時應(yīng)該
是安靜的。occupied被占領(lǐng)的；bombed爛醉如泥的；quiet安靜
的；busy忙碌的。
27. A. dreamed of B. believed in
C. cared about D. looked for
解析： 　根據(jù)上文可知，一場大火把圖書館夷為平地，所以她
一定是夢想著和平和一個新圖書館。dream of夢想；believe in相
信；care about關(guān)心；look for尋找。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River is a famous war film that
describes the heroic struggles of Chinese soldiers during the Second Sino-
Japanese War. Set in the background of the Yellow River， the film tells
28. 　　　　　　powerful story of love， courage and determination.
　　Directed by Feng Xiaoning， the film represents the emotional
journey of a young couple 29. 　　　　　　 （separate） by the war，
and 30. 　　　　　　（vivid） shows their strong love and willpower to
reunite， despite the chaos and devastation around them.
　　31. 　　　　　　artistic cinematography （電影攝影術(shù)） and
storytelling， Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River brings the cruelty of
war to life. It demonstrates the 32. 　　　　　　 （brave） of Chinese
soldiers as they fought 33. 　　　　　　（defend） their homeland，
and the deep impact the war had on ordinary people.
　　Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River is not only a war film， but also
proof of the 34. 　　　　　　（courage） spirit of the Chinese people. It
serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by those 35. 　　　　　　
fought for their country’s freedom and the strength of love that
36. 　　　　　　（stand） the harshest circumstances.
　　This film 37. 　　　　　　 （touch） the hearts of audiences
worldwide ever since it first appeared on the screen and this influence will
surely continue on and on.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一部以抗日戰(zhàn)爭為背景
的國產(chǎn)電影《黃河絕戀》。
28. a　考查冠詞。story 是可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指一個關(guān)于愛、勇氣
和決心的故事，且空后powerful的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填不定
冠詞 a。
29. separated　考查非謂語動詞。separate 和 a young couple 存在邏輯
上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填separated。
30. vividly　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空后的動詞shows可知，本空應(yīng)用副
詞形式。故填vividly。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一部以抗日戰(zhàn)爭為背景
的國產(chǎn)電影《黃河絕戀》。
31. With　考查介詞。空處在句中作狀語，意為“利用……”。故填
With。
32. bravery　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the及空后的of
Chinese soldiers可知，本空應(yīng)用名詞 bravery作賓語。
33. to defend　考查非謂語動詞。空處作目的狀語，應(yīng)用動詞不定式
形式，故填to defend。
34. courageous　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空修飾名詞spirit 作定語，應(yīng)用形
容詞courageous，意為“勇往直前的精神”。
35. who　考查定語從句。句中先行詞為表示“人”的代詞 those，需
用 who 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。
36. stands　考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。本句的主語是the strength of
love，且表示客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
37. has been touching　考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語ever
since it first appeared on the screen 可知，此處需用現(xiàn)在完成時，另外
根據(jù) this influence will surely continue on and on 可知，這種影響將會
繼續(xù)下去，需用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。故填has been touching。
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