資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.The 　　　　　?。ɑ鹦牵?probe Tianwen 1 was seen in its first selfie in space on 1 October 2020.
2.The 　　　　　?。ê四艿模?submarine designer Huang Xuhua was presented Highest Science and Technology Awards.
3.The Australian government’s official 　　　　　（機(jī)構(gòu)） confirmed human-driven warming remained the biggest threat to the reef’s long-term survival.
4.They dug up some old toys from the bottom of the 　　　　　?。涓桑?
5.From the article we can learn that it was in 1957 that the Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite to o　　　　　　 the Earth.
6.Much of the meaning must be i　　　　　　 from the context， so what we need to do is understand the context perfectly.
7.My mother was w　　　　　　 the table with a piece of cloth when I came back home.
8.He is one of the most excellent a　　　　　　 in China and we are proud of him.
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1.Many big cities have equipped their subway stations with a series of 　　　　　?。╝dvance） security devices.
2.This experience is so 　　　　　?。╰errify） that I regret having come here with you.
3.It’s said that there is a direct link between long-time 　　　　　?。╡xpose） to the sun and skin cancer.
4.The room is 　　　　　　（dust）， so you have to clean it carefully before moving in.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.I like skiing and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（與此同時）， I know it is very dangerous.
2.Students are provided with breakfast， dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch which 　　　　　　　　　　（由……組成） a sandwich， a drink and a dessert.
3.Neither the teacher nor his students know how to 　　　　　　　　　?。ń獬觯?the problem.
4.Distance occurs when friends 　　　　　　　?。ㄅc……失去聯(lián)系） each other and go in separate directions.
5.One atom bomb can 　　　　　?。ㄏ麥纾?thousands of people.
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （毫無疑問） China is playing a more and more important role in the international affairs.
7.　　　　　　　　 （脫掉他的外套）， he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
8.It will be an hour 　　　　　　　　　　　　（警察才能到達(dá)）.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Today， environmental problems have become the 1.　　　　 （great） risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， but they are also preparing 2.　　　　 the worst.One option is 3.　　　　 （explore） other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars， which is 4.　　　　 （relative） close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.Mars 5.　　　　 （fascinate） people since ancient times， and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Since 6.　　　　 1960s， we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
7.　　　　　　 （encourage） by discoveries over the years， space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.There is no doubt 8.　　　　　　 humankind is drawn towards Mars， with dreams of making it our second home.However， 9.　　　　　　 （send） people there will require all the skill， courage and 10.　　　　　　 （intelligent） of the human race.For now， human settlement of Mars is still decades away.Until we are finally able to live on another planet， we need to take much better care of our own.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　If humans ever hope to live on Mars， the settlers will need to produce a series of organic compounds （有機(jī)化合物）， from fuels to drugs， which are too expensive to ship from Earth.
　　Chemists from the University of California， Berkeley， and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory （Berkeley Lab） have a plan for that.
　　For the past eight years， the researchers have been working on a system combining bacteria （細(xì)菌） and nanowires （納米線） that can catch the energy of sunlight to change carbon dioxide （CO2） and water into building blocks for organic things. Nanowires are thin wires about one-hundredth the width of a human hair， used as electronic parts， and also as solar cells.
　　“On Mars， about 96% of the atmosphere is CO2. Basically， all you need is these nanowires to take in the solar energy and pass it on to these bacteria to do the chemistry for you，” said the project leader Peidong Yang， a professor of chemistry and S.K. and Angela Chan Distinguished Chair in Energy at the University of California， Berkeley. “For a deep space task， you care about the weight， and biological systems have the advantage that they self-reproduce： You don’t need to send a lot. That’s why this version is highly attractive.”
　　“The only other requirement， besides sunlight， is water， which on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies frozen underground over most of the planet，” said Yang.
　　It works like photosynthesis （光合作用）， which plants naturally employ to change CO2 and water into carbon compounds， mostly sugar and carbohydrates. Plants， however， have a quite low efficiency （效率）， usually changing less than one-half per cent of solar energy into carbon compounds. Yang’s system is comparable to the plant that best changes CO2 to sugar， which is 4%－5% efficient.
1.What is the function of the new biological system？
A.Reducing air pollution on Mars. B.Carrying many organic things to Mars.
C.Helping to produce organic compounds on Mars. D.Making building blocks without sunlight.
2.Why is the self-reproduction possible on Mars？
A.There’s plenty of CO2， water and sunlight on Mars.
B.Mars is much easier to land than other planets.
C.Spaceship technology has developed a lot.
D.Lots of oxygen is found on Mars.
3.What can we learn about Yang’s system according to the last paragraph？
A.It doesn’t need carbon dioxide and water.
B.It can be replaced by plants in space.
C.Its efficiency is higher than natural photosynthesis’.
D.It functions based on rules different from photosynthesis.
4.In which part of a newspaper may this text appear？
A.Life.　　　　　　　 B.Science.
C.Health. D.Education.
B
　　Gharials （恒河鱷） are living along the river banks of India and eat fish. There was a time when they were plentiful， but that was many years ago. The population of this animal was estimated to decrease from 10，000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006， which led to gharials’ being put in the endangered part on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List.
　　Gharials were in such a condition due to increased fishing in their living areas — fish were caught in large numbers — gharials sometimes couldn’t find enough food. Gharials were hunted for their skins， for use in traditional medicine and so on. Many lost their living places.
　　Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary. The next year， some gharials were put into the Chambal River. Other rivers， including the Gandaki River， were added. The Gandaki River is a good place for the gharials because it has sandbanks and wetlands.
　　Since 2016， nests have been found every year with help from local farmers and fishermen who then helped to protect gharials. “Members of the community were trained by experts to watch and help gharials，”said Samir Kumar Sinha， head of conservation at the Wildlife Trust of India （WTI）.
　　A 2018 survey by the WTI recorded more than 160 gharials in the Gandaki River. The organization also found 20 baby gharials. Now， the gharials are being found in other parts of India and in parts of Nepal. In fact， they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50 years. They are still endangered but we are optimistic that the animals will begin to make a comeback.
5.What happened to gharials according to the first paragraph？
A.Their number dropped a lot.
B.They lived a much shorter life.
C.They changed their food choice.
D.Their living environment was polluted.
6.What once caused gharials to be endangered？
①Human hunting. ②Fewer living places.
③Being short of food. ④Being hurt by other animals.
A.①②③ B.①②④
C.②③④ D.①③④
7.What does the information in Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest？
A.Gharials lead a life of adventure.
B.Local people work together to protect gharials.
C.People have to take care of gharials because of orders.
D.Gharials were put into different rivers to attract visitors.
8.How is the result of the conservation efforts？
A.It is uncertain. B.It is worrying.
C.It is successful. D.It is unsatisfactory.
C
　　Space tourism is the term used to describe space travel for recreational or leisure purposes. What was once only a dream， as described in A Space Odyssey by Arthur C.Clarke， is now becoming a reality.
　　Futurologists attempt to make predictions of what life will be like in the future. After the first man landed on the moon，they thought that hotels would be built on the moon by the year 2000. They also considered the possibility that，in the 21st century， families might go for a holiday on the moon. Neither of these predictions has come true yet — but the rapid development of technology may mean these predictions are possible in the years to come.
　　Space Adventures is currently the only company to have succeeded in sending paying passengers into space. It worked with the Russian Federal Space Agency and Russia’s rocket and space corporation Energia to provide flights for the world’s first private space explorers. Each paid over $20 million for their 10-day trip to the International Space Station.
　　Following successful explorations into space，other companies are now considering the possibility of enabling tourists to visit space. To make it affordable，suborbital （亞軌道的） space travel is being considered by some companies， like Virgin Galactic. Passengers would be transported to a height of between 100 and 160 km above Earth， experience 3－6 minutes of weightlessness and a view of the stars before going back to Earth. This is estimated to cost around 200，000 per person.
　　While it could be an enriching experience，there are some terrifying disadvantages. Many critics say that a huge growth in the spaceflight industry could drastically speed up the process of global warming. The ozone layer （臭氧層） would be damaged further and the polar regions would suffer. In addition， space travel is only really affordable for the super-rich， though Virgin Galactic claims to be opening space to the rest of us.
9.What do you know about space tourism？
A.It is nothing but a dream. B.It’s only in some fairy tales.
C.It’s a sightseeing tour in space. D.It’s a scientific expedition.
10.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A.The future life on the moon. B.Landing on the moon in 1969.
C.Predictions about trips to the moon. D.The history of the moon exploration.
11.Why is suborbital space travel considered possible？
A.It’s cheaper. B.It’s safer.
C.It’s greener. D.It’s more convenient.
12.What is some critics’ major concern about space tourism？
A.Its safety. B.Its expense.
C.Social equality. D.Environmental effect.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Natural disasters are terrifying and come without warning， and this underlines the need for disaster management. Natural disasters may cause deaths of crops or damage to properties without warning. Emergency management can reduce the damage and save more lives than if there are no systems set up for disaster security.
　　There are steps to take when you plan for a natural disaster. Here’s a list of some of them：
　　1.Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps.　13　 You may also request a list of emergency steps that should be done in each type of disaster.
　　2.Each community has its own set of emergency signals.　14　 Knowing what to do at once gives you a head start in any emergency.
　　3.　15　 Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what should be done in such cases. Plan how each one of you will react and what the responsibilities of each one are， in order to be able to work as a team.
　　4.Set a meeting place in case of a natural disaster. It should be one within the vicinity （附近） of your workplace or home， and one outside your immediate vicinity.　16　 Agree on an emergency telephone that everyone should try to call.
　　5.Prepare a disaster supply toolbox. Stock it with first aid supplies.　17　 Prepare emergency lights like flashlights with batteries. Include a battery-powered radio in the kit so you can listen to updates.
A.Find out what they sound like and what they mean.
B.Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.
C.Try to understand why these signals sound unfamiliar to you.
D.Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.
E.Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.
F.Find out any disaster management plan that your community has.
G.This is also the best time to ask what kind of disaster may likely take place.
13.　　　　　　14.　　　　　　15.　　　　 16.　　　 17.　　　
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作
　　秋冬季節(jié)，天氣十分干燥，極易突發(fā)火災(zāi)。上周五，你校學(xué)生會組織全校學(xué)生參與了“消防安全，人人有責(zé)”的消防演習(xí)（Fire Drill）活動。請你寫一篇報道，內(nèi)容包括：
　　1.報道本次活動的內(nèi)容；
　　2.參與本次活動的收獲與感想。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Fire Safety for Everyone
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.Mars　2.nuclear　3.agency　4.trunk　5.orbit　6.inferred　7.wiping　8.astronauts
維度二
1.advanced　2.terrifying　3.exposure　4.dusty
維度三
1.in the meantime　2.consists of　3.work out
4.lose contact with　5.wipe out　6.There is no doubt that
7.Taking off his coat　8.before the police arrive
維度四
1.greatest　2.for　3.to explore　4.relatively
5.has fascinated　6.the　7.Encouraged　8.that
9.sending　10.intelligence
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了可以在火星上自己生產(chǎn)有機(jī)化合物的新系統(tǒng)，并分析了它運轉(zhuǎn)的可能性以及它的優(yōu)點。
1.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，人類若想在火星生活，移民者需要生產(chǎn)從燃料到藥物一系列的有機(jī)化合物，它們從地球上運送過去會很昂貴。根據(jù)第三段可知，研究人員在研究一種新系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以捕捉陽光的能量，將二氧化碳和水轉(zhuǎn)化為有機(jī)物質(zhì)的構(gòu)成要素。綜合分析，新生物系統(tǒng)的功能是幫助在火星上生產(chǎn)有機(jī)化合物。
2.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四、五段內(nèi)容可知，火星上存在著大量的二氧化碳、水和陽光讓其自己生產(chǎn)有機(jī)物質(zhì)成為可能。
3.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Plants， however， have a quite low ...which is 4%－5% efficient.可知，楊的系統(tǒng)的效率比自然光合作用要高。
4.B　文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了可以在火星上自己生產(chǎn)有機(jī)化合物的新系統(tǒng)，并分析了它運轉(zhuǎn)的可能性以及它的優(yōu)點。因此本文應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學(xué)部分。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。恒河鱷生活在印度的河岸上，以魚為食，后來成為瀕危物種，文章解釋了其背后的原因以及人們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)恒河鱷所采取的一些措施。
5.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的The population of this animal was estimated to decrease from 10，000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006可知，恒河鱷的數(shù)量從1946年的10，000只減少到2006年的不足250只。由此可知，恒河鱷的數(shù)量減少了很多。
6.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的due to increased fishing in their living areas和couldn’t find enough food以及Many lost their living places.可知，人類捕獵、食物短缺以及生存空間減少導(dǎo)致了恒河鱷瀕臨滅絕。
7.B　推理判斷題。第三段第一句提到保護(hù)工作開始于20世紀(jì)70年代，印度政府建立了國家昌巴爾保護(hù)區(qū)。第四段提到自2016年以來，在當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民和漁民的幫助下，每年都能發(fā)現(xiàn)用來保護(hù)恒河鱷的巢穴，并且社區(qū)成員接受了專家的培訓(xùn)，以觀察和幫助恒河鱷。由此可知，第三、四段表明了當(dāng)?shù)厝艘黄鹋ΡＷo(hù)恒河鱷。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段WTI 在2018年的一項調(diào)查記錄中所列的數(shù)據(jù)可知，恒河鱷的數(shù)量有所增加，且由最后一句中的we are optimistic that the animals will begin to make a comeback可推斷，保護(hù)工作很成功。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了太空旅行發(fā)展的可能性及其可能會帶來的問題。
9.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，太空旅游是用來描述出于娛樂或休閑目的的太空旅行的術(shù)語。由此可知，太空旅行是一次太空觀光之旅。
10.C　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，未來學(xué)家試圖預(yù)測未來的生活是什么樣子。第一個人登上月球后，他們認(rèn)為到2000年月球上會建旅館。他們還考慮了21世紀(jì)在月球上進(jìn)行家庭度假的可能性。這兩種預(yù)測都還沒有實現(xiàn)，但技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展可能意味著這些預(yù)測在未來幾年內(nèi)是可能的。由此可知，本段主要是關(guān)于到月球旅行的預(yù)測。
11.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一、二句可知，隨著太空探索的成功，其他公司如今正在考慮讓游客參觀太空的可能性；為了讓人們負(fù)擔(dān)得起，一些公司正在考慮進(jìn)行亞軌道太空旅行。由此可知，一些公司考慮亞軌道太空旅行是因為費用更便宜，人們能負(fù)擔(dān)得起。
12.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句可知，許多批評家說，航天工業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展可能會大大加快全球變暖的進(jìn)程；臭氧層將被進(jìn)一步破壞，極地地區(qū)將受到影響。由此可知，航天工業(yè)的發(fā)展給環(huán)境帶來很大的影響，這也正是批評家們對于太空旅行主要擔(dān)心的問題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)你計劃應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害時所要采取的步驟。
13.G　根據(jù)空前一句可知，向當(dāng)?shù)丶t十字會或應(yīng)急管理辦公室詢問災(zāi)害提醒和應(yīng)急管理措施；根據(jù)空后一句可知，你也可以要求一份每一種災(zāi)難中應(yīng)該采取的緊急措施的列表。設(shè)空處承上啟下，G項（這也是詢問可能發(fā)生何種災(zāi)難的最佳時機(jī)）符合語境。G項中的ask是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，what kind of disaster與空后的each type of disaster相照應(yīng)。
14.A　根據(jù)空前一句可知，本段主要講述要對社區(qū)的緊急信號有所了解。A項（弄清楚它們聽起來像什么以及它們是什么意思）符合語境，A項中的they指代空前句中的emergency signals。
15.B　空后提到“包括關(guān)于在這種情況下可能會發(fā)生什么以及應(yīng)該做什么的討論”可知，空處應(yīng)提及關(guān)鍵詞discuss。B項（討論不同類型自然災(zāi)害的危害）符合語境。
16.D　上文提到設(shè)置一個會面地點，以防發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害，它應(yīng)該是一個在你的工作場所或家附近的地點，一個在你緊鄰場所的外面的地點。因此空處應(yīng)進(jìn)一步解釋為何選擇這樣的地點作為集合地點。D項（當(dāng)自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生時，每個人都應(yīng)該設(shè)法到達(dá)那里）符合語境。
17.E　根據(jù)段落主旨句Prepare a disaster supply toolbox.可知，在準(zhǔn)備災(zāi)難應(yīng)急工具箱時，水和食物應(yīng)是必需品。E項（準(zhǔn)備一些足夠用三天的水和食物）符合語境，其中E項中的Prepare為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
Ⅲ.
Fire Safety for Everyone
　　Last Friday witnessed a meaningful fire drill activity titled “Fire Safety for Everyone” organized by our school’s Student Union， which involved all the students with the intention of promoting the awareness of protecting ourselves and developing the students’ practical skills in emergency， leaving a deep impression on my memory.
　　As scheduled， the activity started with a local firefighter’s lecture on the fire and emergency management. Then， the students watched some videos about the consequences of the fire destruction， making us realize the importance of preventing fires. The highlight of the activity， undoubtedly， was a practical fire drill competition， in which we were asked to deal with different emergencies rapidly.
　　The activity greatly won our favor and enabled us understand the threat of fire destruction.
5 / 5Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Plan B： Life on Mars①？
　　In the 1960s and 1970s， the greatest fear was [1]that the human race， and possibly all advanced② life forms on the planet， could be wiped③ out by nuclear④ missiles， just at the push of a button⑤.Today， however， environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy⑥.But they are also preparing for the worst：what can we do if the terrifying⑦ scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life？ What is our Plan B for Earth？
One option is [2]to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars， [3]which is relatively⑧ close to Earth and has an environment less hostile⑨ than that of other planets.Mars has fascinated⑩ people since ancient times， and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity.More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet， for example， the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
　　[1]that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
　　[2]動詞不定式短語to explore other planets作表語；動詞不定式短語to see if we could live on them作目的狀語；if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
[3]which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Mars； that用作替代詞。
Since the 1960s， we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.Our probes have orbited the planet， [4]sending back valuable data and stunning images.Our robots have explored the Martian surface， [5]testing the soil and searching for resources， water and signs of life.[6]Encouraged by discoveries over the years， space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars [7]that could take place within the next 25 years.
　　[4]動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語。
[5]動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語。
[6]過去分詞短語作原因狀語。
[7]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞missions。
There is no doubt [8]that humankind is drawn towards Mars， with dreams of making it our second home.However， sending people there will require all the skill， courage and intelligence of the human race.[9]While the Moon can be reached within days， it would take months to reach Mars， [10]travelling through dangerous solar radiation .[11]And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely， they may not be able to return to Earth — ever.Staying alive will be a daily challenge， but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment， not impossible.As early as the 1980s， scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. It consisted of a closed space [12]in which people， animals and plants could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen， food and water， needing nothing from the outside world.Although the two-year experiment was not a success， it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.More recently， scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.That definitely is a big step forward.
　　[8]that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，對名詞doubt作進(jìn)一步解釋。
[9]While意為“而，然而”，表示對比。
[10]動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語。
[11]even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“即使，盡管”；do強調(diào)謂語動詞reach。
[12]in which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞space。
For now ， human settlement of Mars is still decades away.In the meantime ， scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.Until we are finally able to live on another planet， we need to take much better care of our own.Right now， it’s the only one we have！
【讀文清障】
①Mars n.火星
②advanced adj.高級的；先進(jìn)的
③wipe v.擦，拭，揩
wipe out 徹底摧毀，消滅
④nuclear adj.核武器的
nuclear missile核導(dǎo)彈
⑤at the push of a button按一下按鈕
⑥r(nóng)enewable energy可再生能源
⑦terrifying adj.極其可怕的，駭人聽聞的
⑧relatively adv.相對地
⑨hostile adj.（生長環(huán)境）惡劣的
⑩fascinate v.深深吸引，迷住
make efforts to do ...努力做……
unmanned adj.無人駕駛（操縱）的
spacecraft n.航天器，宇宙飛船
orbit v.環(huán)繞……運行
stunning adj.極具吸引力的；令人驚奇的
search for搜索，搜尋
sign n.跡象，征兆
agency n.機(jī)構(gòu)；（尤指政府內(nèi)的）局，部，處
draw v.吸引，使感興趣
solar radiation太陽輻射
biosphere n.生物圈
consist v.組成
consist of由……構(gòu)成，由……組成
function v.起作用，正常工作，運轉(zhuǎn)
be similar to與……類似
for now 目前，暫時
settlement n.移民；殖民；開拓
in the meantime 在此期間，與此同時
have an effect on對……有影響
【參考譯文】
B計劃：在火星上生活？
　　在20世紀(jì)60、70年代，最大的恐懼是，只需按下一個按鈕，人類——甚至可能是地球上所有的高級生命體——就可能被核導(dǎo)彈徹底毀滅。然而今天，環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)變成地球上的生命面臨的最大威脅?？茖W(xué)家們正在思考降低這一風(fēng)險的方法，例如用各種可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。但他們也在做最壞的打算：如果《后天》等電影中的恐怖場景發(fā)生在現(xiàn)實生活中，我們該怎么辦？對地球，我們的B計劃是什么？
一種選擇是探索其他星球，看看我們能否在上面生活。最有可能的選擇是火星，它離地球相對較近，環(huán)境不像其他行星那么惡劣?；鹦亲怨乓詠砭臀藗儯覀儸F(xiàn)在對探索火星的興趣比以往任何時候都更濃厚。像《火星救援》這樣的電影在全世界都很受歡迎。越來越多的政府和組織正在努力對公眾進(jìn)行有關(guān)“紅色星球”的教育，例如美國猶他州的火星沙漠研究站和中國西北部青海省的火星村。
自20世紀(jì)60年代以來，我們一直在向火星發(fā)射無人飛船。我們的探測器已經(jīng)繞火星軌道運行，并發(fā)回了寶貴的數(shù)據(jù)和令人驚嘆的圖像。我們的機(jī)器人已經(jīng)探索了火星表面，測試了土壤并且在尋找資源、水和生命的跡象。受到多年來這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的鼓舞，各國航天機(jī)構(gòu)正計劃在未來25年內(nèi)進(jìn)行載人飛船登陸火星的任務(wù)。
　　毫無疑問，人類被火星所吸引，夢想著把它作為我們的第二家園。然而，把人類送上火星將要求人類具備所有的技能、勇氣和智慧。到達(dá)月球只需要幾天的時間，而到達(dá)火星卻需要數(shù)月的時間，并且其間要經(jīng)歷危險的太陽輻射。而且即使第一批開拓者安全抵達(dá)火星，他們可能永遠(yuǎn)無法再回到地球?；钪鴮蔀橐粋€日常挑戰(zhàn)，但正如“生物圈2號”實驗所證明的，這也并非完全不可能。早在20世紀(jì)80年代，科學(xué)家們就在亞利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圈2號”。它包括一個封閉的空間，人、動物和植物可以生活在一起?！胺忾]”的概念意味著這個空間被設(shè)計成依靠自身的氧氣、食物和水來運作，而不需要外界的任何東西。盡管為期兩年的實驗并不成功，但它確實讓我們更好地了解了人類如何能夠在另一個星球上生活。最近，科學(xué)家們成功地在類似火星的環(huán)境中種植了各種各樣的植物。這無疑是向前邁出的一大步。
　　目前，人類要在火星上定居還需要幾十年的時間。同時，科學(xué)研究表明地球正在變暖。這種變化是由人類活動引起的，而且對生物圈產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的影響。在我們最終能夠生活在另一個星球上之前，我們需要更好地保護(hù)好我們自己的星球。現(xiàn)在，它是我們唯一一個賴以生存的星球！
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the greatest risk to live on Earth now？
A.Nuclear missiles.
B.Environmental problems.
C.Global warming.
D.Resource reduction.
2.Why do people choose Mars to explore？
①Because it is relatively close to Earth.
②Because its environment is less hostile than that of other planets.
③Because it has an environment suitable for farming.
④Because it doesn’t need to be transformed to live on it.
A.①②　　　　　　 B.①③
C.①④ D.①②③
3.Which of the following is TRUE？
A.People have sent manned spacecraft to Mars.
B.Our probes have orbited Mars，but not sending any valuable information.
C.Our robots have explored the Martian surface.
D.Due to lack of technology，it is unlikely that humans will explore Mars in the next 30 years.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A.The day of human migration to Mars is not far away.
B.Because of the plan to immigrate to Mars，attention paid to Earth is not important.
C.Global warming has little to do with human activities.
D.We still need to protect the Earth，despite the solutions to the risks.
5.What’s the main idea of the passage？
A.The Earth is a dangerous place.
B.Mars is a better place for humans to live on.
C.People are exploring another planet to replace the Earth.
D.Scientists have succeeded in growing plants on Mars.
第三步：拓思維品質(zhì)提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What do you think is the biggest difficulty for humans to live on Mars？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Do you think humans will have to migrate to other planets someday？Why or why not？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析難句表達(dá)升級
1.Encouraged by discoveries over the years，space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
句式分析 Encouraged by discoveries over the years 作　　　　，that引導(dǎo)　　　　從句，修飾先行詞missions。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars，with dreams of making it our second home.
句式分析 句中that 引導(dǎo)　　　　從句，making it our second home 作介詞of的　　　　　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
advanced adj.高級的；先進(jìn)的
【教材原句】　In the 1960s and 1970s， the greatest fear was that the human race， and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet， could be wiped out by nuclear missiles， just at the push of a button. 在20世紀(jì)60、70年代，最大的恐懼是，只需按下一個按鈕，人類——甚至可能是地球上所有的高級生命體——就可能被核導(dǎo)彈徹底毀滅。
【用法】
（1）advanced equipment 先進(jìn)的設(shè)備
advanced course 高級課程
（2）advance n. 前進(jìn)，發(fā)展
v. 前進(jìn)；發(fā)展；促進(jìn)
make an advance/advances in 在某方面取得進(jìn)步/發(fā)展
in advance 提前
in advance of 在……之前；比……進(jìn)步
【佳句】　China has made great advances in science and technology in the past few years. 在過去的幾年里，中國在科學(xué)技術(shù)方面取得了巨大進(jìn)步。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①By comparison，I strongly recommend that you （should） sign up for 　　　　　　　　（advance） literature.
②As is known to us all， British Summer Time is one hour in advance 　　　　Greenwich Mean Time.
【寫美】　補全句子
③我建議你去書店借一本歷史書，提前了解唐朝的歷史。（建議信）
I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
replace vt.代替；取代；把……放回原處
【教材原句】　Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.
科學(xué)家們正在思考降低這一風(fēng)險的方法，例如用各種可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。
【用法】
（1）replace ...with/by ... 用……替換……
replace ...as ... 取代……而成為……
（2）take the place of sb＝take one’s place
代替某人
in place of 代替
（3）replacement n. 替換；更換
【佳句】　Our monitor will replace our headteacher to attend the meeting.
我們的班長將代替我們的班主任參加會議。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①What would happen if consumers replaced old products 　　　　new electronics that serve more than one function.
②Talking online is no 　　　　　　（replace） for face-to-face communication.
【寫美】　補全句子
③After reading the magazine， be sure to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
讀完雜志，務(wù)必把它放回到書架上。
terrifying adj.極其可怕的，駭人聽聞的
【教材原句】　But they are also preparing for the worst： what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life？
但他們也在做最壞的打算：如果《后天》等電影中的恐怖場景發(fā)生在現(xiàn)實生活中，我們該怎么辦？
【用法】
（1）terror n.　　　　 　　　 驚恐，恐懼
in terror 驚慌地
（2）terrify vt. 使恐懼，使驚嚇
terrify sb into doing ... 嚇唬某人做……
（3）terrified adj. 害怕的，驚恐的
be terrified of 對……感到驚恐
be terrified at/by/with ... 被……嚇了一跳
【佳句】　People fled in terror as fire tore through the building.
大樓里火勢迅速蔓延，人們驚慌失措，紛紛逃離。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I still find it 　　　　　　?。╰errify） to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.
②Hearing the loud thunder， the little girl was 　　　　　?。╰errify） and dared not go to sleep on her own.
【寫美】　補全句子
③她非常害怕這些老鼠，哭喊著跑向她的母親。
She 　　　　　　　　　　the rats that she ran crying and screaming to her mother.
consist v.組成
【教材原句】　It consisted of a closed space in which people， animals and plants could live together. 它包括一個封閉的空間，人、動物和植物可以生活在一起。
【用法】
（1）consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of　　由……構(gòu)成，由……組成
consist in 在于，存在于
consist with 與……一致，與……相吻合
（2）consistent adj. 一致的，始終如一的；持續(xù)的，連續(xù)的
be consistent with　與……相一致/吻合
【佳句】　Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.
成功在于百折不撓。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①A medical team，　　　　　　 （consist） of five experienced doctors and ten skillful nurses， was sent there.
②He isn’t a man whose actions aren’t consistent 　　　　his promises.
【寫美】　補全句子
③人生主要由快樂和悲傷組成，而快樂和悲傷存在于奮斗中。
Life mainly 　　　　　happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow 　　　　　struggle.
expose v.使暴露（于險境）；揭露，使曝光；使接觸，使體驗
【教材原句】　...we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars.
……我們可以推斷出月球受到的危險輻射比火星少。
【用法】
（1）expose ...to ... 把……暴露在……，使……接觸……
expose oneself to ... 接觸……；使自己暴露于……
（2）exposed adj.　　　 無遮蔽的；無保護(hù)的
be exposed to 接觸……；暴露于……
（3）exposure n. 暴露
【佳句】　Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
年輕人如果每天接觸聲音很大的音樂，那么他們就可能有變聾的危險。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Long-time 　　　　　?。╡xpose） before screen will do harm to you mentally and physically.
②　　　　　　 （expose） to the sun for a long time， you will get sunburned.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③盡可能多地接觸英語對你來說是學(xué)好英語的好辦法。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is a good way for you to learn English well.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is a good way for you to learn English well.
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：that用作替代詞
【教材原句】　The most likely choice is Mars， which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
最有可能的選擇是火星，它離地球相對較近，環(huán)境不像其他行星那么惡劣。
【用法】
替代詞that， those， it， one， ones， the one， the ones的區(qū)別：
（1）that表特指，代替上文出現(xiàn)的同類的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞”；
（2）those表特指，代替上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”；
（3）it表特指，用來代替上文提到的同一個事物，可替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；
（4）one表泛指，代替上文出現(xiàn)的同類的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”；
（5）ones表泛指，代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；
（6）the one表特指，代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，后面常有定語修飾；
（7）the ones表特指，代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。
【品悟】　There’s no greater happiness than that of succeeding in one’s career.
最大的快樂莫過于事業(yè)上的成功。
【寫美】　微寫作
①夏季，北京的天氣比南京的天氣涼爽得多。
The weather in Beijing 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in Nanjing in summer.
②贏得一等獎是一個興奮的時刻，我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。
Winning the first prize was an exciting moment， 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③你辦公室里的電腦比我們學(xué)校里的那些更貴。
The computers in your office are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④我想買一些蘋果，看起來新鮮的蘋果。
I want to buy some apples， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
⑤昨天我把傘丟了。我正在找它。
I lost my umbrella yesterday. I’m 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.replaceable　2.close　3.hostile　4.1960s　5.unmanned
6.25　7.skill， courage and intelligence　8.months　9.solar
10.staying alive　11.growing　12.environmentally
第二步
1－5　BACDC
第三步
1.How to get the oxygen， water and food to support life.
2.No， I don’t think so.What human beings should do is make the planet more habitable instead of abandoning it.
第四步
1.原因狀語　定語
受到多年來這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的鼓舞，各國航天機(jī)構(gòu)正計劃在未來25年內(nèi)進(jìn)行載人飛船登陸火星的任務(wù)。
2.同位語　賓語
毫無疑問，人類被火星所吸引，夢想著把它作為我們的第二家園。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①advanced　②of　③in advance
2.①with/by?、趓eplacement?、踨eplace it on the bookshelf
3.①terrifying?、趖errified?、踳as so terrified of
4.①consisting?、趙ith?、踓onsists of； consist in
5.①exposure?、贓xposed?、跙eing exposed to as much English as possible； Exposing yourself to as much English as possible
重點句型解構(gòu)
　①is much cooler than that　②one I’ll never forget
③more expensive than those in our school
④the ones that look fresh　⑤looking for it
8 / 8(共101張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖語篇
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預(yù)習(xí)
1
Plan B： Life on Mars①？
　　In the 1960s and 1970s， the greatest fear was [1]that the human race， and possibly all advanced② life forms on the planet， could be wiped③ out by nuclear④ missiles， just at the push of a button⑤.Today， however， environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy⑥.But they are also preparing for the worst：what can we do if the terrifying⑦ scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life？ What is our Plan B for Earth？
　　[1]that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
　
【讀文清障】
①Mars n.火星
②advanced adj.高級的；先進(jìn)的
③wipe v.擦，拭，揩
wipe out 徹底摧毀，消滅
④nuclear adj.核武器的
nuclear missile核導(dǎo)彈
⑤at the push of a button按一下按鈕
⑥r(nóng)enewable energy可再生能源
⑦terrifying adj.極其可怕的，駭人聽聞的
One option is [2]to explore other planets to see if we could live on
them.The most likely choice is Mars， [3]which is relatively⑧ close to
Earth and has an environment less hostile⑨ than that of other planets.Mars
has fascinated⑩ people since ancient times， and today our interest in
Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Films such as The Martian
enjoy worldwide popularity.More governments and organisations are
making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet， for example，
the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars
Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
　　[2]動詞不定式短語to explore other planets作表語；動詞不定式短
語to see if we could live on them作目的狀語；if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
[3]which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Mars； that用作替
代詞。
⑧relatively adv.相對地
⑨hostile adj.（生長環(huán)境）惡劣的
⑩fascinate v.深深吸引，迷住
make efforts to do ...努力做……
Since the 1960s， we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to
Mars.Our probes have orbited the planet， [4]sending back valuable
data and stunning images.Our robots have explored the Martian
surface， [5]testing the soil and searching for resources， water and
signs of life.[6]Encouraged by discoveries over the years， space
agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars
[7]that could take place within the next 25 years.
　　[4]動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語。
[5]動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語。
[6]過去分詞短語作原因狀語。
[7]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞missions。
unmanned adj.無人駕駛（操縱）的
spacecraft n.航天器，宇宙飛船
orbit v.環(huán)繞……運行
stunning adj.極具吸引力的；令人驚奇的
search for搜索，搜尋
sign n.跡象，征兆
agency n.機(jī)構(gòu)；（尤指政府內(nèi)的）局，部，處
There is no doubt [8]that humankind is drawn towards Mars， with
dreams of making it our second home.However， sending people there
will require all the skill， courage and intelligence of the human
race.[9]While the Moon can be reached within days， it would take
months to reach Mars， [10]travelling through dangerous solar radiation
.[11]And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely， they may not
be able to return to Earth — ever.Staying alive will be a daily challenge，
but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment， not impossible.As early
as the 1980s， scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.
It consisted of a closed space [12]in which people， animals and plants
could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was
designed to function with its own oxygen， food and water， needing
nothing from the outside world.Although the two-year experiment was not
a success， it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans
might be able to live on another planet.More recently， scientists have
succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that
on Mars.That definitely is a big step forward.
　　[8]that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，對名詞doubt作進(jìn)一步解釋。
[9]While意為“而，然而”，表示對比。
　　[10]動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語。
[11]even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“即使，盡管”；do強調(diào)謂語動詞reach。
[12]in which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞space。
draw v.吸引，使感興趣
solar radiation太陽輻射
biosphere n.生物圈
consist v.組成
consist of由……構(gòu)成，由……組成
function v.起作用，正常工作，運轉(zhuǎn)
be similar to與……類似
For now ， human settlement of Mars is still decades away.In the
meantime ， scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting
warmer.This change is being caused by human activity and is having a
terrible effect on the biosphere.Until we are finally able to live on
another planet， we need to take much better care of our own.Right
now， it’s the only one we have！
for now 目前，暫時
settlement n.移民；殖民；開拓
in the meantime 在此期間，與此同時
have an effect on對……有影響
【參考譯文】
B計劃：在火星上生活？
　　在20世紀(jì)60、70年代，最大的恐懼是，只需按下一個按鈕，人
類——甚至可能是地球上所有的高級生命體——就可能被核導(dǎo)彈徹底
毀滅。然而今天，環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)變成地球上的生命面臨的最大威脅。
科學(xué)家們正在思考降低這一風(fēng)險的方法，例如用各種可再生能源替代
煤炭和石油。但他們也在做最壞的打算：如果《后天》等電影中的恐
怖場景發(fā)生在現(xiàn)實生活中，我們該怎么辦？對地球，我們的B計劃是
什么？
一種選擇是探索其他星球，看看我們能否在上面生活。最有可能
的選擇是火星，它離地球相對較近，環(huán)境不像其他行星那么惡劣。火
星自古以來就吸引著人們，我們現(xiàn)在對探索火星的興趣比以往任何時
候都更濃厚。像《火星救援》這樣的電影在全世界都很受歡迎。越來
越多的政府和組織正在努力對公眾進(jìn)行有關(guān)“紅色星球”的教育，例
如美國猶他州的火星沙漠研究站和中國西北部青海省的火星村。
自20世紀(jì)60年代以來，我們一直在向火星發(fā)射無人飛船。我們的
探測器已經(jīng)繞火星軌道運行，并發(fā)回了寶貴的數(shù)據(jù)和令人驚嘆的圖
像。我們的機(jī)器人已經(jīng)探索了火星表面，測試了土壤并且在尋找資
源、水和生命的跡象。受到多年來這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的鼓舞，各國航天機(jī)構(gòu)正
計劃在未來25年內(nèi)進(jìn)行載人飛船登陸火星的任務(wù)。
　　毫無疑問，人類被火星所吸引，夢想著把它作為我們的第二家
園。然而，把人類送上火星將要求人類具備所有的技能、勇氣和智
慧。到達(dá)月球只需要幾天的時間，而到達(dá)火星卻需要數(shù)月的時間，并
且其間要經(jīng)歷危險的太陽輻射。而且即使第一批開拓者安全抵達(dá)火
星，他們可能永遠(yuǎn)無法再回到地球?；钪鴮蔀橐粋€日常挑戰(zhàn)，但
正如“生物圈2號”實驗所證明的，這也并非完全不可能。早在20世
紀(jì)80年代，科學(xué)家們就在亞利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圈2
號”。它包括一個封閉的空間，人、動物和植物可以生活在一起。
“封閉”的概念意味著這個空間被設(shè)計成依靠自身的氧氣、食物和水
來運作，而不需要外界的任何東西。盡管為期兩年的實驗并不成功，
但它確實讓我們更好地了解了人類如何能夠在另一個星球上生活。最
近，科學(xué)家們成功地在類似火星的環(huán)境中種植了各種各樣的植物。這
無疑是向前邁出的一大步。
　　目前，人類要在火星上定居還需要幾十年的時間。同時，科學(xué)研
究表明地球正在變暖。這種變化是由人類活動引起的，而且對生物圈
產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的影響。在我們最終能夠生活在另一個星球上之前，我們
需要更好地保護(hù)好我們自己的星球。現(xiàn)在，它是我們唯一一個賴以生
存的星球！
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
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第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What is the greatest risk to live on Earth now？
A. Nuclear missiles.
B. Environmental problems.
C. Global warming.
D. Resource reduction.
2. Why do people choose Mars to explore？
①Because it is relatively close to Earth.
②Because its environment is less hostile than that of other planets.
③Because it has an environment suitable for farming.
④Because it doesn’t need to be transformed to live on it.
A. ①② B. ①③
C. ①④ D. ①②③
3. Which of the following is TRUE？
A. People have sent manned spacecraft to Mars.
B. Our probes have orbited Mars，but not sending any valuable
information.
C. Our robots have explored the Martian surface.
D. Due to lack of technology，it is unlikely that humans will explore
Mars in the next 30 years.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A. The day of human migration to Mars is not far away.
B. Because of the plan to immigrate to Mars，attention paid to Earth is
not important.
C. Global warming has little to do with human activities.
D. We still need to protect the Earth，despite the solutions to the risks.
5. What’s the main idea of the passage？
A. The Earth is a dangerous place.
B. Mars is a better place for humans to live on.
C. People are exploring another planet to replace the Earth.
D. Scientists have succeeded in growing plants on Mars.
第三步：拓思維品質(zhì)提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What do you think is the biggest difficulty for humans to live on
Mars？

2. Do you think humans will have to migrate to other planets someday？
Why or why not？


How to get the oxygen， water and food to support life.　
　No， I don’t think so.What human beings should do is make the
planet more habitable instead of abandoning it.　
第四步：析難句表達(dá)升級
1. Encouraged by discoveries over the years，space agencies of various
countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place
within the next 25 years.
句式分析 Encouraged by discoveries over the years 作
，that引導(dǎo) 從句，修飾先行詞missions。
自主翻譯

原因狀
語　
定語　
受到多年來這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的鼓舞，各國航天機(jī)構(gòu)正計劃在
未來25年內(nèi)進(jìn)行載人飛船登陸火星的任務(wù)。　
2. There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars，with dreams
of making it our second home.
句式分析 句中that 引導(dǎo) 從句，making it our second home
作介詞of的 。
自主翻譯

同位語　
賓語　
毫無疑問，人類被火星所吸引，夢想著把它作為我們
的第二家園。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
advanced adj.高級的；先進(jìn)的
【教材原句】　In the 1960s and 1970s， the greatest fear was that the
human race， and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet， could
be wiped out by nuclear missiles， just at the push of a button.
在20世紀(jì)60、70年代，最大的恐懼是，只需按下一個按鈕，人類——
甚至可能是地球上所有的高級生命體——就可能被核導(dǎo)彈徹底毀滅。
【用法】
（1）advanced equipment先進(jìn)的設(shè)備
advanced course　　高級課程
（2）advance n.　　前進(jìn)，發(fā)展
v.　　前進(jìn)；發(fā)展；促進(jìn)
make an advance/advances in　　在某方面取得進(jìn)步/發(fā)展
in advance　　提前
in advance of　　在……之前；比……進(jìn)步
【佳句】　China has made great advances in science and technology in
the past few years. 在過去的幾年里，中國在科學(xué)技術(shù)方面取得了巨大
進(jìn)步。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①By comparison，I strongly recommend that you （should） sign up
for （advance） literature.
②As is known to us all， British Summer Time is one hour in
advance Greenwich Mean Time.
advanced　
of　
【寫美】　補全句子
③我建議你去書店借一本歷史書，提前了解唐朝的歷史。（建議信）
I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a history book and learn the
history of the Tang Dynasty .
in advance　
replace vt.代替；取代；把……放回原處
【教材原句】　Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk， such
as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.
科學(xué)家們正在思考降低這一風(fēng)險的方法，例如用各種可再生能源替代
煤炭和石油。
【用法】
（1）replace ...with/by ...用……替換……
replace ...as ...　　取代……而成為……
（2）take the place of sb＝take one’s place　　代替某人
in place of　　代替
（3）replacement n.　　替換；更換
【佳句】　Our monitor will replace our headteacher to attend the
meeting.
我們的班長將代替我們的班主任參加會議。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①What would happen if consumers replaced old products
new electronics that serve more than one function.
②Talking online is no （replace） for face-to-face
communication.
with/by　
replacement　
【寫美】　補全句子
③After reading the magazine， be sure to
.
讀完雜志，務(wù)必把它放回到書架上。
replace it on the
bookshelf　
terrifying adj.極其可怕的，駭人聽聞的
【教材原句】　But they are also preparing for the worst： what can we
do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow
happen in real life？
但他們也在做最壞的打算：如果《后天》等電影中的恐怖場景發(fā)生在
現(xiàn)實生活中，我們該怎么辦？
【用法】
（1）terror n.　 驚恐，恐懼
in terror　　驚慌地
（2）terrify vt.　　使恐懼，使驚嚇
terrify sb into doing ...　　嚇唬某人做……
（3）terrified adj.　　害怕的，驚恐的
be terrified of　　對……感到驚恐
be terrified at/by/with ...　　被……嚇了一跳
【佳句】　People fled in terror as fire tore through the building.
大樓里火勢迅速蔓延，人們驚慌失措，紛紛逃離。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I still find it （terrify）to find myself surrounded by
large numbers of horses.
②Hearing the loud thunder， the little girl was （terrify）
and dared not go to sleep on her own.
terrifying　
terrified　
【寫美】　補全句子
③她非常害怕這些老鼠，哭喊著跑向她的母親。
She the rats that she ran crying and screaming to
her mother.
was so terrified of　
consist v.組成
【教材原句】　It consisted of a closed space in which people， animals
and plants could live together.
它包括一個封閉的空間，人、動物和植物可以生活在一起。
【佳句】　Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through
failures.
成功在于百折不撓。
【用法】
（1）consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of
　　　　　　　　由……構(gòu)成，由……組成
consist in　　在于，存在于
consist with　　與……一致，與……相吻合
（2）consistent adj.　　一致的，始終如一的；持續(xù)的，連續(xù)的
be consistent with　　與……相一致/吻合
【練透】　單句語法填空
①A medical team， （consist） of five experienced
doctors and ten skillful nurses， was sent there.
②He isn’t a man whose actions aren’t consistent his
promises.
consisting　
with　
【寫美】　補全句子
③人生主要由快樂和悲傷組成，而快樂和悲傷存在于奮斗中。
Life mainly happiness and sorrow while happiness and
sorrow struggle.
consists of　
consist in　
expose v.使暴露（于險境）；揭露，使曝光；使接觸，使體驗
【教材原句】　...we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to
dangerous radiation than Mars.
……我們可以推斷出月球受到的危險輻射比火星少。
【用法】
（1）expose ...to ...把……暴露在……，使……接觸……
expose oneself to ...接觸……；使自己暴露于……
（2）exposed adj.　　　無遮蔽的；無保護(hù)的
be exposed to　　接觸……；暴露于……
（3）exposure n.　　暴露
【佳句】　Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very
loud music every day.
年輕人如果每天接觸聲音很大的音樂，那么他們就可能有變聾的
危險。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Long-time （expose） before screen will do harm to you
mentally and physically.
② （expose） to the sun for a long time， you will get
sunburned.
exposure　
Exposed　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③盡可能多地接觸英語對你來說是學(xué)好英語的好辦法。
→ is a good way for
you to learn English well.
→ is a good way for
you to learn English well.
Being exposed to as much English as possible　
Exposing yourself to as much English as possible　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：that用作替代詞
【教材原句】　The most likely choice is Mars， which is relatively
close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other
planets. 最有可能的選擇是火星，它離地球相對較近，環(huán)境不像其他
行星那么惡劣。
【用法】
替代詞that， those， it， one， ones， the one， the ones的區(qū)別：
（1）that表特指，代替上文出現(xiàn)的同類的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名
詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞”；
（2）those表特指，代替上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋復(fù)數(shù)
名詞”；
（3）it表特指，用來代替上文提到的同一個事物，可替代單數(shù)可數(shù)
名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；
（4）one表泛指，代替上文出現(xiàn)的同類的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于
“a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”；
（5）ones表泛指，代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；
（6）the one表特指，代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于“the＋
可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，后面常有定語修飾；
（7）the ones表特指，代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于“the
＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。
【品悟】　There’s no greater happiness than that of succeeding in
one’s career. 最大的快樂莫過于事業(yè)上的成功。
【寫美】　微寫作
①夏季，北京的天氣比南京的天氣涼爽得多。
The weather in Beijing in Nanjing in
summer.
②贏得一等獎是一個興奮的時刻，我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。
Winning the first prize was an exciting moment，
.
③你辦公室里的電腦比我們學(xué)校里的那些更貴。
The computers in your office are
.
is much cooler than that　
one I’ll never
forget　
more expensive than those in our
school　
④我想買一些蘋果，看起來新鮮的蘋果。
I want to buy some apples， .
⑤昨天我把傘丟了。我正在找它。
I lost my umbrella yesterday. I’m .
the ones that look fresh　
looking for it　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. The （火星） probe Tianwen 1 was seen in its first selfie in
space on 1 October 2020.
Mars　
2. The （核能的） submarine designer Huang Xuhua was
presented Highest Science and Technology Awards.
3. The Australian government’s official （機(jī)構(gòu)）
confirmed human-driven warming remained the biggest threat to the
reef’s long-term survival.
nuclear　
agency　
4. They dug up some old toys from the bottom of the （樹
干）.
5. From the article we can learn that it was in 1957 that the Soviet Union
launched the first man-made satellite to o the Earth.
trunk　
rbit　
6. Much of the meaning must be i from the context， so what we
need to do is understand the context perfectly.
7. My mother was w the table with a piece of cloth when I came
back home.
8. He is one of the most excellent a in China and we are proud
of him.
nferred　
iping　
stronauts　
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1. Many big cities have equipped their subway stations with a series
of （advance） security devices.
2. This experience is so （terrify） that I regret having
come here with you.
3. It’s said that there is a direct link between long-time
（expose） to the sun and skin cancer.
4. The room is （dust）， so you have to clean it carefully
before moving in.
advanced　
terrifying　
exposure　
dusty　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. I like skiing and （與此同時）， I know it is
very dangerous.
2. Students are provided with breakfast， dinner and either a cooked or
packed lunch which （由……組成） a sandwich， a
drink and a dessert.
3. Neither the teacher nor his students know how to （解
出） the problem.
in the meantime　
consists of　
work out　
4. Distance occurs when friends （與……失去聯(lián)
系） each other and go in separate directions.
5. One atom bomb can （消滅） thousands of people.
6. （毫無疑問） China is playing a more and
more important role in the international affairs.
7. （脫掉他的外套）， he jumped into the river
to save the drowning child.
8. It will be an hour （警察才能到達(dá)）.
lose contact with　
wipe out　
There is no doubt that　
Taking off his coat　
before the police arrive　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Today， environmental problems have become the 1.
（great） risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this
risk， but they are also preparing 2. the worst.One option is
3. （explore） other planets to see if we could live on
them.The most likely choice is Mars， which is 4.
（relative） close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of
other planets.Mars 5. （fascinate） people since
ancient times， and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater
than ever before.Since 6. 1960s， we have been sending
unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
greatest　
for　
to explore　
relatively　
has fascinated　
the　
7. （encourage） by discoveries over the years， space
agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars
that could take place within the next 25 years.There is no doubt
8. humankind is drawn towards Mars， with dreams of making it our second home.However， 9. （send） people there will require all the skill， courage and 10. （intelligent） of the human race.For now， human settlement of Mars is still decades away.Until we are finally able to live on another planet， we need to take much better care of our own.
Encouraged　
that　
sending　
intelligence　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　If humans ever hope to live on Mars， the settlers will need to
produce a series of organic compounds （有機(jī)化合物）， from fuels to
drugs， which are too expensive to ship from Earth.
　　Chemists from the University of California， Berkeley， and
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory （Berkeley Lab） have a plan for
that.
　　For the past eight years， the researchers have been working on a
system combining bacteria （細(xì)菌） and nanowires （納米線） that can
catch the energy of sunlight to change carbon dioxide （CO2） and water
into building blocks for organic things. Nanowires are thin wires about
one-hundredth the width of a human hair， used as electronic parts， and
also as solar cells.
　　“On Mars， about 96% of the atmosphere is CO2. Basically， all
you need is these nanowires to take in the solar energy and pass it on to
these bacteria to do the chemistry for you，” said the project leader
Peidong Yang， a professor of chemistry and S. K. and Angela Chan
Distinguished Chair in Energy at the University of California， Berkeley.
“For a deep space task， you care about the weight， and biological
systems have the advantage that they self-reproduce： You don’t need to
send a lot. That’s why this version is highly attractive.”
　　“The only other requirement， besides sunlight， is water， which
on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies
frozen underground over most of the planet，” said Yang.
　　It works like photosynthesis （光合作用）， which plants naturally
employ to change CO2 and water into carbon compounds， mostly sugar
and carbohydrates. Plants， however， have a quite low efficiency （效
率）， usually changing less than one-half per cent of solar energy into
carbon compounds. Yang’s system is comparable to the plant that best
changes CO2 to sugar， which is 4%－5% efficient.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了可以在火星上自己
生產(chǎn)有機(jī)化合物的新系統(tǒng)，并分析了它運轉(zhuǎn)的可能性以及它的優(yōu)
點。
1. What is the function of the new biological system？
A. Reducing air pollution on Mars.
B. Carrying many organic things to Mars.
C. Helping to produce organic compounds on Mars.
D. Making building blocks without sunlight.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了可以在火星上自己
生產(chǎn)有機(jī)化合物的新系統(tǒng)，并分析了它運轉(zhuǎn)的可能性以及它的優(yōu)
點。
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，人類若想在火星生活，
移民者需要生產(chǎn)從燃料到藥物一系列的有機(jī)化合物，它們從地球上
運送過去會很昂貴。根據(jù)第三段可知，研究人員在研究一種新系
統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以捕捉陽光的能量，將二氧化碳和水轉(zhuǎn)化為有機(jī)物質(zhì)
的構(gòu)成要素。綜合分析，新生物系統(tǒng)的功能是幫助在火星上生產(chǎn)有
機(jī)化合物。
2. Why is the self-reproduction possible on Mars？
A. There’s plenty of CO2， water and sunlight on Mars.
B. Mars is much easier to land than other planets.
C. Spaceship technology has developed a lot.
D. Lots of oxygen is found on Mars.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四、五段內(nèi)容可知，火星上存在著
大量的二氧化碳、水和陽光讓其自己生產(chǎn)有機(jī)物質(zhì)成為可能。
3. What can we learn about Yang’s system according to the last
paragraph？
A. It doesn’t need carbon dioxide and water.
B. It can be replaced by plants in space.
C. Its efficiency is higher than natural photosynthesis’.
D. It functions based on rules different from photosynthesis.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Plants， however， have
a quite low ...which is 4%－5% efficient.可知，楊的系統(tǒng)的效率比
自然光合作用要高。
4. In which part of a newspaper may this text appear？
A. Life. B. Science.
C. Health. D. Education.
解析：　文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了可以在火
星上自己生產(chǎn)有機(jī)化合物的新系統(tǒng)，并分析了它運轉(zhuǎn)的可能性以及
它的優(yōu)點。因此本文應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學(xué)部分。
B
　　Gharials （恒河鱷） are living along the river banks of India and eat
fish. There was a time when they were plentiful， but that was many years
ago. The population of this animal was estimated to decrease from 10，
000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006， which led to gharials’ being put
in the endangered part on the International Union for Conservation of
Nature’s Red List.
　　Gharials were in such a condition due to increased fishing in their
living areas — fish were caught in large numbers — gharials sometimes
couldn’t find enough food. Gharials were hunted for their skins， for use
in traditional medicine and so on. Many lost their living places.
　　Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government
started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary. The next
year， some gharials were put into the Chambal River. Other rivers，
including the Gandaki River， were added. The Gandaki River is a good
place for the gharials because it has sandbanks and wetlands.
　　Since 2016， nests have been found every year with help from local
farmers and fishermen who then helped to protect gharials. “Members of
the community were trained by experts to watch and help gharials，”said
Samir Kumar Sinha， head of conservation at the Wildlife Trust of India
（WTI）.
　　A 2018 survey by the WTI recorded more than 160 gharials in the
Gandaki River. The organization also found 20 baby gharials. Now， the
gharials are being found in other parts of India and in parts of Nepal. In
fact， they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50
years. They are still endangered but we are optimistic that the animals will
begin to make a comeback.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。恒河鱷生活在印度的河岸上，以魚
為食，后來成為瀕危物種，文章解釋了其背后的原因以及人們?yōu)楸?br/>護(hù)恒河鱷所采取的一些措施。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。恒河鱷生活在印度的河岸上，以魚
為食，后來成為瀕危物種，文章解釋了其背后的原因以及人們?yōu)楸?br/>護(hù)恒河鱷所采取的一些措施。
5. What happened to gharials according to the first paragraph？
A. Their number dropped a lot.
B. They lived a much shorter life.
C. They changed their food choice.
D. Their living environment was polluted.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的The population of this
animal was estimated to decrease from 10，000 in 1946 to fewer than
250 in 2006可知，恒河鱷的數(shù)量從1946年的10，000只減少到2006
年的不足250只。由此可知，恒河鱷的數(shù)量減少了很多。
6. What once caused gharials to be endangered？
①Human hunting.
②Fewer living places.
③Being short of food.
④Being hurt by other animals.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④
C. ②③④ D. ①③④
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的due to increased fishing in
their living areas和couldn’t find enough food以及Many lost their
living places.可知，人類捕獵、食物短缺以及生存空間減少導(dǎo)致了
恒河鱷瀕臨滅絕。
7. What does the information in Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest？
A. Gharials lead a life of adventure.
B. Local people work together to protect gharials.
C. People have to take care of gharials because of orders.
D. Gharials were put into different rivers to attract visitors.
解析：　推理判斷題。第三段第一句提到保護(hù)工作開始于20世紀(jì)
70年代，印度政府建立了國家昌巴爾保護(hù)區(qū)。第四段提到自2016年
以來，在當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民和漁民的幫助下，每年都能發(fā)現(xiàn)用來保護(hù)恒河鱷
的巢穴，并且社區(qū)成員接受了專家的培訓(xùn)，以觀察和幫助恒河鱷。
由此可知，第三、四段表明了當(dāng)?shù)厝艘黄鹋ΡＷo(hù)恒河鱷。
8. How is the result of the conservation efforts？
A. It is uncertain. B. It is worrying.
C. It is successful. D. It is unsatisfactory.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段WTI 在2018年的一項調(diào)查記
錄中所列的數(shù)據(jù)可知，恒河鱷的數(shù)量有所增加，且由最后一句中的
we are optimistic that the animals will begin to make a comeback可推
斷，保護(hù)工作很成功。
C
　　Space tourism is the term used to describe space travel for recreational
or leisure purposes. What was once only a dream， as described in A
Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke， is now becoming a reality.
　　Futurologists attempt to make predictions of what life will be like in
the future. After the first man landed on the moon，they thought that
hotels would be built on the moon by the year 2000. They also considered
the possibility that，in the 21st century， families might go for a holiday
on the moon. Neither of these predictions has come true yet — but the
rapid development of technology may mean these predictions are possible
in the years to come.
　Space Adventures is currently the only company to have succeeded in
sending paying passengers into space. It worked with the Russian Federal
Space Agency and Russia’s rocket and space corporation Energia to
provide flights for the world’s first private space explorers. Each paid
over $20 million for their 10-day trip to the International Space Station.
　　Following successful explorations into space，other companies are
now considering the possibility of enabling tourists to visit space. To make
it affordable，suborbital （亞軌道的） space travel is being considered
by some companies， like Virgin Galactic. Passengers would be
transported to a height of between 100 and 160 km above Earth，
experience 3－6 minutes of weightlessness and a view of the stars before
going back to Earth. This is estimated to cost around 200，000 per
person.
　　While it could be an enriching experience，there are some terrifying
disadvantages. Many critics say that a huge growth in the spaceflight
industry could drastically speed up the process of global warming. The
ozone layer （臭氧層） would be damaged further and the polar regions
would suffer. In addition， space travel is only really affordable for the
super-rich， though Virgin Galactic claims to be opening space to the rest
of us.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了太空旅行發(fā)展的可
能性及其可能會帶來的問題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了太空旅行發(fā)展的可
能性及其可能會帶來的問題。
9. What do you know about space tourism？
A. It is nothing but a dream.
B. It’s only in some fairy tales.
C. It’s a sightseeing tour in space.
D. It’s a scientific expedition.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，太空旅游是用來
描述出于娛樂或休閑目的的太空旅行的術(shù)語。由此可知，太空旅行
是一次太空觀光之旅。
10. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A. The future life on the moon.
B. Landing on the moon in 1969.
C. Predictions about trips to the moon.
D. The history of the moon exploration.
解析：　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，未來學(xué)家試圖預(yù)
測未來的生活是什么樣子。第一個人登上月球后，他們認(rèn)為到
2000年月球上會建旅館。他們還考慮了21世紀(jì)在月球上進(jìn)行家庭
度假的可能性。這兩種預(yù)測都還沒有實現(xiàn)，但技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展可
能意味著這些預(yù)測在未來幾年內(nèi)是可能的。由此可知，本段主要
是關(guān)于到月球旅行的預(yù)測。
11. Why is suborbital space travel considered possible？
A. It’s cheaper. B. It’s safer.
C. It’s greener. D. It’s more convenient.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一、二句可知，隨著
太空探索的成功，其他公司如今正在考慮讓游客參觀太空的可能
性；為了讓人們負(fù)擔(dān)得起，一些公司正在考慮進(jìn)行亞軌道太空旅
行。由此可知，一些公司考慮亞軌道太空旅行是因為費用更便
宜，人們能負(fù)擔(dān)得起。
12. What is some critics’ major concern about space tourism？
A. Its safety. B. Its expense.
C. Social equality. D. Environmental effect.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句可知，許多批
評家說，航天工業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展可能會大大加快全球變暖的進(jìn)程；
臭氧層將被進(jìn)一步破壞，極地地區(qū)將受到影響。由此可知，航天
工業(yè)的發(fā)展給環(huán)境帶來很大的影響，這也正是批評家們對于太空
旅行主要擔(dān)心的問題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Natural disasters are terrifying and come without warning， and this
underlines the need for disaster management. Natural disasters may cause
deaths of crops or damage to properties without warning. Emergency
management can reduce the damage and save more lives than if there are
no systems set up for disaster security.
　　There are steps to take when you plan for a natural disaster. Here’s
a list of some of them：
　　1. Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management
office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps. 　13　
You may also request a list of emergency steps that should be done in each
type of disaster.
　　2. Each community has its own set of emergency signals. 　14　
Knowing what to do at once gives you a head start in any emergency.
　　3. 　15　 Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what
should be done in such cases. Plan how each one of you will react and
what the responsibilities of each one are， in order to be able to work as a
team.
　　4. Set a meeting place in case of a natural disaster. It should be one
within the vicinity （附近） of your workplace or home， and one outside
your immediate vicinity. 　16　Agree on an emergency telephone that
everyone should try to call.
　　5. Prepare a disaster supply toolbox. Stock it with first aid
supplies. 　17　Prepare emergency lights like flashlights with batteries.
Include a battery-powered radio in the kit so you can listen to updates.
A. Find out what they sound like and what they mean.
B. Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.
C. Try to understand why these signals sound unfamiliar to you.
D. Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.
E. Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.
F. Find out any disaster management plan that your community has.
G. This is also the best time to ask what kind of disaster may likely take
place.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)你計劃應(yīng)對自然
災(zāi)害時所要采取的步驟。
13. G　根據(jù)空前一句可知，向當(dāng)?shù)丶t十字會或應(yīng)急管理辦公室詢問
災(zāi)害提醒和應(yīng)急管理措施；根據(jù)空后一句可知，你也可以要求一份每
一種災(zāi)難中應(yīng)該采取的緊急措施的列表。設(shè)空處承上啟下，G項（這
也是詢問可能發(fā)生何種災(zāi)難的最佳時機(jī)）符合語境。G項中的ask是原
詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，what kind of disaster與空后的each type of disaster相照應(yīng)。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)你計劃應(yīng)對自然
災(zāi)害時所要采取的步驟。
14. A　根據(jù)空前一句可知，本段主要講述要對社區(qū)的緊急信號有所
了解。A項（弄清楚它們聽起來像什么以及它們是什么意思）符合語
境，A項中的they指代空前句中的emergency signals。
15. B　空后提到“包括關(guān)于在這種情況下可能會發(fā)生什么以及應(yīng)該
做什么的討論”可知，空處應(yīng)提及關(guān)鍵詞discuss。B項（討論不同類
型自然災(zāi)害的危害）符合語境。
16. D　上文提到設(shè)置一個會面地點，以防發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害，它應(yīng)該是
一個在你的工作場所或家附近的地點，一個在你緊鄰場所的外面的地
點。因此空處應(yīng)進(jìn)一步解釋為何選擇這樣的地點作為集合地點。D項
（當(dāng)自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生時，每個人都應(yīng)該設(shè)法到達(dá)那里）符合語境。
17. E　根據(jù)段落主旨句Prepare a disaster supply toolbox.可知，在準(zhǔn)備
災(zāi)難應(yīng)急工具箱時，水和食物應(yīng)是必需品。E項（準(zhǔn)備一些足夠用三
天的水和食物）符合語境，其中E項中的Prepare為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作
　　秋冬季節(jié)，天氣十分干燥，極易突發(fā)火災(zāi)。上周五，你校學(xué)生會
組織全校學(xué)生參與了“消防安全，人人有責(zé)”的消防演習(xí)（Fire
Drill）活動。請你寫一篇報道，內(nèi)容包括：
　　1. 報道本次活動的內(nèi)容；
　　2. 參與本次活動的收獲與感想。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Fire Safety for Everyone
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
參考范文：
Fire Safety for Everyone
　　Last Friday witnessed a meaningful fire drill activity titled “Fire
Safety for Everyone” organized by our school’s Student Union， which
involved all the students with the intention of promoting the awareness of
protecting ourselves and developing the students’ practical skills in
emergency， leaving a deep impression on my memory.
　　As scheduled， the activity started with a local firefighter’s lecture
on the fire and emergency management. Then， the students watched
some videos about the consequences of the fire destruction， making us
realize the importance of preventing fires. The highlight of the activity，
undoubtedly， was a practical fire drill competition， in which we were
asked to deal with different emergencies rapidly.
　　The activity greatly won our favor and enabled us understand the
threat of fire destruction.
謝謝觀看！

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