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Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.My grandfather is used to taking out the 　　　　　　（垃圾） when he goes out after supper.
2.That boy is a 　　　　　　（新來者） to our village， so he can’t understand our dialect.
3.Talent，hard work and a strong will are all 　　　　　　（關(guān)鍵性的） to career success.
4.Disneyland is in the Los Angeles 　　　　　　（郊區(qū)）.If you want to go there， renting a car is a nice idea.
5.Whoever commits a 　　　　　　（罪行） should be punished by law.
6.It is generally considered that the medical service in u　　　　　　 areas is better than that in rural areas.
7.Penglai City is a s　　　　　　 city， located in the north-east of Shandong Province.
8.It is e　　　　　　 that the flood has caused about one million people to leave their houses.
9.While my friend， George， was reading in the bedroom， two t　　　　　　 climbed into his kitchen.
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1.I don’t want to share a room with Tony because he is a 　　　　　　（greed） and selfish guy.
2.He specialized in 　　　　　　（crime） law when at university.
3.Put a small amount of the powder into a 　　　　　　　　　　（contain） and mix it with water.
4.In fact， the first group was absolutely correct in their 　　　　　　（estimate） of this man’s height.
5.The course is aimed at developing the children’s 　　　　　　（appreciate） of music performances.
6.The company’s success this year would not have been possible without the 　　　　　（commit） and dedication of the staff.
7.For one-third of the world’s birds， 　　　　　　（migrate） is an instinct caused by seasonal changes in weather and lack of food.
8.Some animals can adapt to the urban and 　　　　　　　　　（suburb） environment quite well.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Because of the shortage of funds， we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（除推遲項目外別無選擇）.
2.Only after all the preparation have been made 　　　　　　　　　　　（我們才將開始會議）.
3.In that country， the cured cases of this disease 　　　　　　　　　　　（達到） more than ten thousand last year.
4.I wondered how I would 　　　　　　　　　（適應(yīng)） my teenage friends.
5.The old couple treat me very well 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（好像我是他們的家庭成員一樣）.
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （不管大家如何努力說服他）， he just wouldn’t listen.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　People often wonder about the reasons behind wild animals’ mass urban 1.　　　　 （migrate）.Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible 2.　　　　 pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.With nowhere else to make their homes， they have no choice but 3.　　　　 （move） in with us.
As our cities become greener， they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals 4.　　　　 （look） for new habitats.One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” 5.　　　　 （be） their ability to adapt.There is evidence 6.　　　　 urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins， as they 7.　　　　 （frequent） have to figure out difficult problems that they would not have in the wild.
For those animals that don’t adapt， the city can be a 8.　　　　 （danger） or even deadly place.Between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Some species 9.　　　　 （affect） more seriously than others because they have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
However they adapt to our ways of urban living， 10.　　　　 is important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　A new study warns that more than a fifth of all reptile （爬行動物） species are threatened with extinction， which may have a bad impact on the planet.
　　The largest ever analysis of the state of the world’s reptiles， published in Nature， has showed that 21% of the reptile species are facing extinction. The study says from lizards to snakes， such a loss could have disastrous impacts on ecosystems around the world.
　　Although many reptiles live in dry environments such as deserts， most species occur in forests， where they suffer from threats such as logging of land for agriculture.30% of the forest-dwelling reptiles are at risk of extinction， compared with 14% in dry habitats. Hunting is also a major threat to reptiles， especially turtles and crocodiles， many of which are at risk of extinction. Another major contributing factor is the introduction of invasive species.
　　“If we removed reptiles， it could change ecosystems fundamentally， with unfortunate knock-on effects， such as increases in pest insects，” said Neil Cox， co-leader of the study. “Biodiversity， including reptiles， supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy environment for people.”
　　Our hope is that this first-ever assessment of the world’s 10，000-plus reptiles helps put them in the spotlight and goes some way to highlighting this diversity， and just how much we have to lose. As well as controlling rats， mosquitoes and other pests， reptiles deliver many other benefits. “They help spread seeds， especially in island environments，” said researcher Hoffmann. “We’ve also achieved many medical advances from studies of reptiles.”
　　The results of the study are not all doom and gloom. Scientists have found， surprisingly， that if they set out to protect places where threatened birds， mammals and amphibians （兩棲動物） live together， they’ll meanwhile protect many more threatened reptiles.
1.Which is the main concern raised by the new study？
A.The overpopulation of reptiles.
B.The loss of reptiles.
C.The sharp increase in reptile species.
D.The disastrous influence of reptiles on nature.
2.How many factors causing the extinction of species are mentioned in Paragraph 3？
A.One.　　　　　　　 B.Two.
C.Three. D.Four.
3.What did Neil Cox and Hoffmann both say about reptiles？
A.Their benefits. B.Their habitats.
C.Their living habits. D.Their health problems.
4.What does the underlined phrase “doom and gloom” in the last paragraph mean？
A.Disappointing. B.Odd.
C.Satisfactory. D.Amazing.
B
　　Johannes Fritz， an Austrian biologist， needed to come up with a plan again if he was going to prevent his rare and beloved birds from going extinct.
　　To survive the European winter， the northern bald ibis needs to migrate south for the winter over the Alps. But shifting climate patterns have delayed when the birds begin to migrate and they are now reaching the mountains too late to make it over the peaks， locking them in an icy death trap. Determined to save them， he decided to teach the birds a new， safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft. He was confident that he could succeed in this daring， unconventional plan.
　　Some 400 years ago， the Europeans hunted these birds without stopping and devoured the last in the wild， causing the birds to disappear entirely from the wild. When Mr Fritz was born 56 years ago， the northern bald ibis could be found in Europe only in captivity （圈養(yǎng)）.
　　Mr Fritz has spent his career reintroducing the birds into the wild. Through years of trial and error， he learned to fly like a bird. He modified （改裝） a lightweight aircraft so it would fly at speeds slow enough for the birds to keep up. In 2004， he led the first flock from Austria to Italy， and has since led more migrations. But the route he originally taught the ibises does not work successfully. With climate change warming the area where the birds summer， they now start their migration at the end of October instead of the end of September. The trip is expected to take about six weeks， “Still， we’re optimistic that it’ll work，” said Mr Fritz.
　　His family and colleagues witnessed the risks he was taking. “But the unavoidable risks are necessary，” Mr Fritz said. “It’s not so much a job， but my life’s purpose.”
5.What was Johannes Fritz’s plan？
A.To shorten bald ibises’ migration route.
B.To lead bald ibises to migrate on a new route.
C.To better the climate patterns for bald ibises.
D.To find out a safer destination for bald ibises.
6.What does the underlined word “devoured” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Destroyed. B.Abused.
C.Released. D.Raised.
7.Why was Mr Fritz’s initial route for the birds ineffective？
A.Owing to the long time it consumes.
B.For the slow speed of his modified aircraft.
C.Because of the toughness along the first route.
D.Due to higher temperatures in the summer habitat.
8.Which of the following can best describe Mr Fritz？
A.Honest. B.Innovative.
C.Straightforward. D.Demanding.
C
　　The song of the Florida grasshopper sparrow is unusual and surprisingly insect-like. But it almost fell silent forever. In 2012， Joel Sartore， the founder of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark received a call from the US Fish and Wildlife Service： The songbird， an important ecological link in Florida’s dry grassland， was on the edge of extinction. With only a few dozen males showing up in counts， it was among North America’s most endangered bird species.
　　Sartore flew to Florida to photograph the bird and work with conservationists to raise awareness of the species’ difficult situation. The story appeared in outlets， such as newspapers， magazines and even the Internet， helping boost government funding for a breeding program. Thanks to these steps， there are now as many as 180 adults in the wild and researchers are working hard to bring the species back from the brink of extinction.
　　Like other examples of species survival， the push to save the sparrow is “a remarkable story of belief and cooperation”， says Sartore. It also shows what it takes to protect an endangered species： research， narratives， partnerships， resources and time. This journey shows the society’s mission to illustrate and protect the wonder of the world. Over the past 136 years， we’ve developed a unique Explorer-led model， combining science， exploration， education， and storytelling to drive impact. We support Explorer in more than 140 countries， including Sartore and others whose work appears in this issue： biologist André Green Ⅱ， photographer Lynsey Addario and education advocate Ara Kusuma.
　　Sartore has been creating an “ark” of animal photos for 17 years. Portraits of more than 15，000 species invite audiences to connect and care. With the society’s support， the images have appeared on landmarks and US postage stamps， prompting on-the-ground conservation efforts such as an initiative of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark.
　　As Sartore says， “The sounds of birds are the sounds of a healthy planet. When we save a bird or another species， we’re actually saving ourselves.”
9.How does the author introduce the topic？
A.By clarifying a concept. B.By offering an example.
C.By giving an explanation. D.By quoting a remark.
10.Which has the similar meaning with “outlets” in Paragraph 2？
A.Stores. B.Media.
C.Exits. D.Books.
11.What contributes to the sparrow’s survival？
A.A funding program from the government.
B.An ark of animal photos in the magazine.
C.A unique initiative for species protection.
D.A joint effort from different professionals.
12.What does Sartore want to convey in the last paragraph？
A.The urgency of species’ protection. B.The promotion of cooperative methods.
C.The importance of coexistence. D.The situation of human survival.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Practising General Water Safety
　　A day at the pool or the beach can be a very relaxing activity. However， if you see someone drowning， that can transform your day into a scary experience. 　13　
　　Strengthen your swimming skills.
　　　14　 If you do not know what you are doing， it is possible you could make the situation worse， despite your best intentions. If you are going to be near water， or plan to be， it’s a great idea to take an advanced swimming course.
　　Practice caution.
　　Accidents happen， and it is certainly not possible to ensure that drowning incidents don’t occur. 　15　 Make sure that when you are near water you have flotation （漂浮） device with you. If possible， take a cellphone with you to the pool beach so that you can call for help if necessary.
　　Swim in designated areas.
　　It is always best to swim with a lifeguard on duty. This is important for everyone， even strong swimmers. If you are going to be swimming in a pool， look for one with a regular lifeguard. 　16　 For example， do not go in a lake if it is especially windy and the waves are strong. You should avoid going in the ocean when the tides （潮汐） are very strong. Many beaches post signs or flags advising you of conditions. Do not swim if a warning is posted.
　　　17　
　　While anyone can drown， children are especially susceptible （易受傷害的）. If you have kids， make sure that you teach them to act responsibly around water. Have a set of rules for family swims， and make sure that your children understand them.
A.Teach children the rules.
B.Try to remember the safety rules.
C.Bring a safety tool along with you and your children.
D.However， there are many steps you can take to reduce the possibility.
E.Do not go in natural bodies of water if the conditions are unfavourable.
F.By practising water safety rules， you can keep both you and those around you safe.
G.It is important to remember that only super competent swimmers should attempt rescues.
13.　　　　　　14.　　　　　　15.　　　　 16.　　　 17.　　　
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.garbage　2.newcomer　3.crucial　4.suburb　5.crime
6.urban　7.seaside　8.estimated　9.thieves
維度二
1.greedy　2.criminal　3.container　4.estimation
5.appreciation　6.commitment　7.migration　8.suburban
維度三
1.have no choice but to put off the project　2.will we start the meeting　3.amounted to　4.fit in with　5.as if I were their family member　6.However/No matter how hard everyone tried to persuade him
維度四
1.migration　2.for　3.to move　4.looking　5.is　6.that
7.frequently　8.dangerous　9.are affected　10.it
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項新的研究警告說，超過五分之一的爬行動物物種面臨滅絕的威脅，這可能對地球產(chǎn)生不良影響。文章介紹了導(dǎo)致爬行動物滅絕的因素以及爬行動物的益處。
1.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，這項新研究提出的主要擔憂是爬行類動物的消失。
2.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，導(dǎo)致物種滅絕的因素有三個。
3.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Biodiversity， including reptiles， supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy environment for people.以及倒數(shù)第二段中的They help spread seeds， especially in island environments可知，尼爾·考克斯和霍夫曼都提到了爬行動物的益處。
4.A　詞義猜測題。畫線詞下文提到了更多受威脅的爬行動物會受到保護，說明這項研究的結(jié)果并不都是令人失望的。故畫線詞意思是“令人失望的”。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了奧地利生物學(xué)家約翰內(nèi)斯·弗里茨為了防止他心愛的稀有鳥類滅絕，決定教它們一條新的遷徙路線。
5.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Determined to save them， he decided to teach the birds a new， safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft.可知，約翰內(nèi)斯·弗里茨的計劃是帶領(lǐng)禿鷹沿著一條新的路線遷徙。
6.A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上下文可知，歐洲人不停地獵殺這些鳥，導(dǎo)致鳥類完全從野外消失。故畫線詞與Destroyed（毀滅，破壞）意義相近。
7.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的But the route he originally taught the ibises does not ...at the end of October instead of the end of September.可推知，弗里茨先生最初尋找的路線是無效的，因為夏季棲息地的溫度更高。
8.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段內(nèi)容可知，弗里茨先生是有創(chuàng)新想法的。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在各方人士的共同努力下拯救美國鳥類的事情，強調(diào)了人與鳥類共存的重要性。
9.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，這里利用具體的例子來說明北美鳥類的瀕危情況。
10.B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的such as newspapers， magazines and even the Internet， helping boost government funding for a breeding program可知，這里的outlet包括報紙、雜志甚至互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等媒體，所以outlet的意思和B項（媒體）意思一致。
11.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，拯救麻雀是各領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)人士共同努力的結(jié)果。
12.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的When we save a bird or another species， we’re actually saving ourselves.可知，Sartore認為，鳥類和人類息息相關(guān)，強調(diào)了人與鳥類共存的重要性。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了水上安全的一些規(guī)則。
13.F　空前一句提到溺水事故，根據(jù)下文列舉的幾個水上安全規(guī)則可知，F(xiàn)項（通過實踐水上安全規(guī)則，你可以保證你和你周圍的人的安全）符合語境，提出學(xué)習水上安全規(guī)則的好處。
14.G　根據(jù)段落小標題Strengthen your swimming skills.以及空后一句可知，想要救援，首先需要加強游泳技能。G項（重要的是要記住，只有超級有能力的游泳者才應(yīng)該嘗試救援）符合語境。
15.D　根據(jù)空前一句可知，不可能確保不發(fā)生溺水事件；根據(jù)空后一句可知，雖然沒法確保溺水事件不發(fā)生，但是我們可以采取措施減少其發(fā)生的可能性。D項（然而，你可以采取很多措施來減少這種可能性）符合語境。
16.E　根據(jù)段落小標題Swim in designated areas.以及下文舉例可知，要在指定區(qū)域游泳。E項（如果條件不利，不要進入天然水體）符合語境。
17.A　根據(jù)下文Have a set of rules for family swims， and make sure that your children understand them.可知，本段主要介紹要讓孩子理解家庭游泳的規(guī)則。A項（教孩子規(guī)則）適合作本段小標題。
4 / 5Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Wild Within
　　The crime① took place② in a seaside③ suburb④ of Cape Town.[1]Spotting⑤ the car with its window left open， the greedy⑥ thief⑦ didn’t hesitate.Within seconds⑧， he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping.[2]No matter how many crimes he committed⑨， the police were powerless to arrest him.You see， this was no ordinary criminal⑩：it was a chacma baboon .Once almost unheard of， scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world.With foxes in London， mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong， it is almost [3]as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
　　[1]動詞-ing短語作時間狀語。
[2]“No matter＋疑問詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
[3]as if引導(dǎo)表語從句，as if意為“似乎，好像”。
People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration .Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.[4]However true this is， we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all — [5]it’s we humans who have moved into their territory .[6]Wherever they go， animals find towns and cities in their way.With nowhere else to make their homes， they have no choice but to move in with us.
　　[4]However引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
[5]本句為強調(diào)句，強調(diào)主語we humans。
[6]Wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
Yet， for its newest and wildest inhabitants， a city can offer many benefits.[7]As our cities become greener， they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals [8]looking for new habitats.Out of reach from many of their natural predators ， these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives.Today， foxes can be seen all over London — one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction ！ What’s more， hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers [9]we throw away .
　　[7]As引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，as意為“隨著”。
[8]動詞-ing短語作后置定語，修飾名詞animals。
[9]we throw away為省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which的定語從句，修飾先行詞leftovers。
One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.There is evidence [10]that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins， [11]as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.Although naturally active at night， urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough.Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage ， such as hamburgers， lamb kebabs and even garlic bread！
　　[10]that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，作名詞evidence的同位語。
[11]as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞other containers。
For those animals [12]that don’t adapt， the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place.Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass， birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour.Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Shockingly， these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population.Some species are more affected than others.One theory behind this is [13]that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
　　[12]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞those animals。
[13]第一個that引導(dǎo)表語從句；第二個that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞routes。
[14]However they adapt to our ways of urban living， [15]it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.[16]Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. [17]Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities， one thing is for sure — as it’s often a means of their survival， they could be with us to stay.
　　[14]However引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
[15]it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句作真正的主語。
[16]本句為“only＋狀語”置于句首引起的部分倒裝句。
[17]Whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
【讀文清障】
①crime n.罪，罪行
②take place 發(fā)生；舉行
③seaside adj.海濱的
④suburb n.郊區(qū)，城郊
⑤spot v.注意到；發(fā)現(xiàn)
⑥greedy adj.貪婪的，貪心的
⑦thief n.小偷，賊
⑧within seconds幾秒鐘之內(nèi)
⑨commit v.犯（錯誤或罪行）
⑩criminal n.罪犯
chacma baboon 南非大狒，大狒狒
fox n.狐貍
take over占領(lǐng)；接管
urban adj.城鎮(zhèn)的，城市的
migration n.遷徙
assume v.假定，假設(shè)；認為
be responsible for ... 是造成……的原因；為……負責
territory n.地盤；領(lǐng)地
have no choice but to do sth 別無選擇只能做某事
appealing adj.有吸引力的
look for尋找
predator n.掠食動物，捕食性動物
newcomer n.新來者
flourish v.生長茂盛，興盛
under construction 在建設(shè)中
leftover n.吃剩的食物，殘羹剩飯；遺留物，殘存物
throw away扔掉
crucial adj.至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的
racoon n.浣熊
figure out理解，弄清楚
container n.容器
fit in with 適應(yīng)；與……一致
on offer 提供的，供使用的；待售的
garbage n.垃圾
lamb n.羔羊肉
kebab n.烤（肉）串
garlic n.（大）蒜
deadly adj.致命的
distinguish v.區(qū)分，辨別
crash into撞上
at speeds of以……的速度
estimate v.估計，估算
die from死于
amount to 達到，總計
migratory adj.遷徙的
appreciate v.欣賞；賞識
for sure肯定地；無疑地
a means of 一種……的方式
【參考譯文】
城中的野生動物
　　在開普敦的一個海濱郊區(qū)發(fā)生了一起犯罪活動。貪婪的竊賊在發(fā)現(xiàn)有輛車的車窗未關(guān)后，沒有絲毫猶豫。幾秒之間，他把手伸進車窗，抓出一袋東西逃之夭夭。不論他犯罪多少次，警方都無法抓捕到他。要知道，這可不是普通的罪犯：它是一只大狒狒。以前，在開普敦發(fā)生的這種事幾乎聞所未聞，但現(xiàn)在這種事在世界各地都時有發(fā)生。倫敦出現(xiàn)了狐貍，舊金山出現(xiàn)了美洲獅，香港出現(xiàn)了野豬，我們的城市就像是被野生動物給占領(lǐng)了。
人們總想知道這種大規(guī)模城市遷徙背后的原因。我們大多數(shù)人會認為，城市發(fā)展和氣候變化是造成這些動物離開其自然棲息地的原因。無論事實如何，我們必須得明白，在這些所謂的“城市動物”中，有一些根本就沒有遷徙過——是我們?nèi)祟惏岬搅怂鼈兊念I(lǐng)地里。動物不論走到哪里，都發(fā)現(xiàn)有城鎮(zhèn)攔路。既然沒有別處可以安家，它們別無選擇，只好搬來和我們一起住。
不過，城市可以給這些最新的也是最野生的居民許多好處。隨著我們的城市綠化越來越好，它們越來越吸引著尋找新棲息地的動物。由于遠離自然界中的許多天敵，這些新來者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃發(fā)展。現(xiàn)在，倫敦隨處都可以見到狐貍——有一只甚至生活在當時在建的夏德大廈72樓！而且，饑餓的動物們從我們的花園里和我們?nèi)拥舻睦姓覍さ酱罅康氖澄铩?br/>對這些越來越多的“城市動物”來說，適應(yīng)能力是關(guān)鍵。有證據(jù)顯示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聰明，因為它們時常要想辦法解決難題，比如怎么打開垃圾桶以及其他它們在野外不會見到的容器。為了適應(yīng)新的家園，有些動物甚至改變了習性。盡管狐貍天生晝伏夜出，但如果回報足夠豐厚，城市里的狐貍會在白天出來。城市的位置也意味著它們可以吃到來自垃圾里的多元文化的菜肴，比如漢堡包、烤羊肉串甚至香蒜面包！
對無法適應(yīng)環(huán)境的動物來說，城市是個危險甚至致命的地方。無法分辨藍天和玻璃的鳥類會以每小時50千米的速度撞向窗戶。近期研究估計，僅在美國，每年就有4億到10億只鳥因撞向窗戶而亡。令人震驚的是，這一死亡數(shù)量約占全美鳥類總量的10%。有些種類的鳥受此影響更大。一種理論認為，這些鳥類的遷徙路線讓它們穿過這些有高樓大廈的城市，而它們還沒有調(diào)整路線。
不論它們?nèi)绾芜m應(yīng)我們的城市生活，更好地理解甚至學(xué)會欣賞我們的野生鄰居是非常重要的。只有那時，我們才能展望與它們和諧分享城市棲息地的未來。無論這些物種進入我們城市的原因是什么，有一件事是肯定的——既然它們這么做通常是為了生存，那么它們就可以留下來和我們一起生活。
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節(jié)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why does the author talk about the “theft” in Cape Town in Paragraph 1？
A.To introduce the topic of the text.
B.To show us how animals live in the city.
C.To give us some dangerous warnings.
D.To call on us to take care of wild animals.
2.What’s the third paragraph mainly about？
A.Animals’ flourishing in cities.
B.Benefits of cities for wild animals.
C.A great amount of food wasted by humans.
D.The relationship between animals and humans.
3.What does the author mean by saying “urban foxes come out in daylight”？
A.They have no choice but to do so.
B.They are no longer afraid of humans.
C.They are more intelligent than wild foxes.
D.They have changed their living habits.
4.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？
A.To call on us not to build too tall buildings in the urban areas.
B.To encourage us to have a better understanding of our wild neighbours.
C.To advise us to better protect our wild neighbours in cities.
D.To show us the sad stories of wild animals in cities.
5.What’s the structure of the passage？
第三步：拓思維品質(zhì)提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Should we restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals？Why？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.How can we help the wildlife in our neighbourhood？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：品語言妙筆生輝
1.Read the passage carefully and find the parallelism （排比） sentences in the first paragraph.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find examples to show the comparison （對比）.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1.There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins，as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.
句式分析 that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins 為that引導(dǎo)的　　　　從句，對evidence的具體內(nèi)容進行解釋說明；as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers為as引導(dǎo)的　　　　從句；which they would not find in the wild為which引導(dǎo)的　　　　從句，修飾先行詞containers。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.One theory behind this is that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
句式分析 第一個that引導(dǎo)　　　　從句；第二個that引導(dǎo)　　　　從句，修飾先行詞routes。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
spot v.發(fā)現(xiàn)；認出；弄臟 n.地點；場所；斑點；污點
【教材原句】　Spotting the car with its window left open， the greedy thief didn’t hesitate.
貪婪的竊賊在發(fā)現(xiàn)有輛車的車窗未關(guān)后，沒有絲毫猶豫。
【用法】
（1）on the spot　　　 立即；在現(xiàn)場
put sb on the spot （故意提出難以回答或?qū)擂蔚膯栴}）使某人難堪
（2）spot sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事
be spotted with 滿是……斑點；點綴著……
（3）spotted adj. 有斑點的
【佳句】　Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works be on display，but the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.
不僅將展出各種剪紙作品，工匠們還將現(xiàn)場向參觀者展示如何將紙剪成各種形狀。
【練透】　語境辨義/單句語法填空
①The floor was spotted with paint，which made him embarrassed. 　　　　　
②Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove. 　　　　　
③The policeman on duty caught the thief 　　　　the spot.
④On the bus， I spotted a man 　　　　　　（steal） a wallet from a lady’s shoulder bag.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
⑤此外，長江沿岸的風景也令人驚嘆，有許多著名的觀光景點。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
greedy adj.貪婪的，貪心的；渴望的
【教材原句】　Spotting the car with its window left open， the greedy thief didn’t hesitate.
貪婪的竊賊在發(fā)現(xiàn)有輛車的車窗未關(guān)后，沒有絲毫猶豫。
【用法】
（1）be greedy for ...　 對……貪婪/渴望
be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事
（2）greed n. 貪心，貪婪，貪欲
greedily adv. 貪婪地，貪心地；貪食地
【佳句】　Out of the hospital， he took off his mask and breathed the fresh air greedily.
走出醫(yī)院，他摘下口罩，貪婪地呼吸著新鮮空氣。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He was so greedy 　　　　power and money that he committed crimes.
【寫美】　補全句子
②得知你渴望盡快適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境，我寫信給你提供一些建議。（建議信）
Learning that you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，I am writing to offer you some suggestions.
commit v.犯（錯誤或罪行）；自殺；承諾，保證；忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活動等）；花（錢或時間）
【教材原句】　No matter how many crimes he committed， the police were powerless to arrest him. 不論他犯罪多少次，警方都無法抓捕到他。
【用法】
（1）commit an error/a crime/suicide做錯事/犯罪/自殺
commit oneself to （doing） sth專心致志于（做）某事；承諾/保證（做）某事
（2）commitment n.投入，花費；承諾，許諾，保證；（對工作或某活動的）獻身，奉獻
make a commitment to sb/sth對某人/事作出承諾
（3）committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅信的；堅定的
be committed to （doing） sth全身心地投入（做）某事，致力于（做）某事
【佳句】　Smoking not only harms others’ health， but is also committing suicide slowly.
吸煙不僅損害他人健康，還等于慢性自殺。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The President is committed to 　　　　　（reform） health care.
②The company is making a long-term 　　　　　　　　　（commit） to breaking into the American market.
③I have committed myself 　　　　the job for at least the coming year.
④He was a strongly 　　　　　　（commit） comrade of the party.
【寫美】　一句多譯
⑤現(xiàn)在是我們應(yīng)該致力于學(xué)習英語的時候了。
→It’s high time that we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　English.
→It’s high time that we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　English.
fit in with 適應(yīng)；符合；與……一致
【教材原句】　Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.
為了適應(yīng)新的家園，有些動物甚至改變了習性。
【用法】
（1）fit v. （對某人）合身；符合；使勝任
adj. 健康的；合適的
fit sb/sth 適合某人/某物
fit in 相適應(yīng)；相融合
be fit for 適合
keep fit 保持健康
（2）fitness n. 健康；適合
【佳句】　I want to know whether my son can fit in with his companions.
我想知道我兒子能否與他的同伴們相處融洽。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It’s a pity that neither you nor I am fit 　　　　　　the work.
②We are supposed to work out regularly 　　　　　　（keep） fit.
③She was never interested in 　　　　（fit） before but now she’s been bitten by the bug.
【寫美】　補全句子
④聽說你很難適應(yīng)你的新學(xué)校，我很難過。
I am sorry to hear that it is difficult for you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
estimate v.估計，估算 n.（對數(shù)量、成本等的）估計；估價
【教材原句】　Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.
近期研究估計，僅在美國，每年就有4億到10億只鳥因撞向窗戶而亡。
【用法】
（1）estimate ...at ... 估算/估計……為……
be estimate to be/have　 估計有……
It is estimated that ... 據(jù)估計……
（2）estimation n.（對水平、數(shù)量等的）估計；評價
【佳句】　Windy though it was that day， we arrived at the castle which was estimated to be 700 years.
盡管那天風很大，我們還是到達了這座估計有700年歷史的城堡。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The firm estimated the cost of the new house 　　　100，000.
②According to rough 　　　　　（estimate）， the beautiful vase is worth over a million yuan.
【寫美】　補全句子
③據(jù)估計，英語中80%的談話都是閑話。（語言學(xué)習）
　　　　　　　　　　　　 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
appreciate v.欣賞；賞識；感激，感謝
【教材原句】　However they adapt to our ways of urban living， it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
不論它們?nèi)绾芜m應(yīng)我們的城市生活，更好地理解甚至學(xué)會欣賞我們的野生鄰居是非常重要的。
【用法】
（1）appreciate sth/sb　 欣賞/賞識某物/某人
appreciate （sb） doing sth 感激（某人）做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我將不勝感激
（2）appreciation n. 欣賞；感激
（3）appreciative adj. 欣賞的；感激的
【佳句】　I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.
如果您能同意我的請求，我將不勝感激。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I appreciate 　　　　　　（give） the opportunity to work in the company.
②Please accept this gift in 　　　　　　（appreciate）of all you’ve done for us.
【寫美】　補全句子
③如果您能在方便的時候就如何解決這個問題給我一些建議，我將不勝感激。（求助信）
　　　　　　　　　　　　 you could give me some tips on how to solve the problem at your convenience.
crucial adj.至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的
【教材原句】　One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt. “城市動物”數(shù)量不斷增加的一個關(guān)鍵因素是它們的適應(yīng)能力。
【用法】
（1）a crucial factor/decision　 關(guān)鍵性的因素/決定
at the crucial moment 在緊要關(guān)頭
（2）be crucial to　　　　　 對……至關(guān)重要
be of crucial importance 至關(guān)重要
play a crucial role in 在……中起重要作用
It is crucial that ... ……是至關(guān)重要的
【佳句】　The city of Mycenae played a crucial role in the history of Greece.
邁錫尼城在希臘歷史上起著非常重要的作用。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①This focus is crucial 　　　　our coming to any breakthrough thinking.
②The conservation of tropical forests is 　　　　　　crucial importance.
【寫美】　補全句子
③我們應(yīng)該采取緊急措施保護海洋免受進一步的破壞，這是至關(guān)重要的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to protect oceans from being further destroyed.
restrict v.限制，控制；約束
【教材原句】　Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals.
一些環(huán)保主義者認為，我們應(yīng)該限制城市發(fā)展，為野生動物留下足夠的自然棲息地。
【用法】
（1）restrict sb to （doing） sth　　約束某人（做）某事
restrict ...to ... 把……限制/控制/在……
（2）restricted adj. 有限的，受限制的；受控制的，受約束的
be restricted to 限制（在某范圍）
（3）restriction n. 限制；約束
【佳句】　The cramped living conditions severely restricted the children’s freedom to play.
擁擠的居住條件嚴重限制了孩子們玩耍的自由。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It’s crucial that access to the club should be restricted 　　　　members only.
②In the meantime，this licence allows you to travel anywhere without 　　　　（restrict）.
③I restrict myself to 　　　　　　（drink） one cup of coffee a day.
【寫美】　補全句子
④我們最好限制屏幕時間每次在一個小時之內(nèi)，然后我們可以在室內(nèi)鍛煉。
We’d better 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and then we can take exercise indoors.
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：“only＋狀語”置于句首引起的部分倒裝句
【教材原句】　Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
只有那時，我們才能展望與它們和諧分享城市棲息地的未來。
【用法】
（1）“only＋狀語（副詞/介詞短語）”置于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝。
（2）“only＋狀語從句”置于句首時，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
【品悟】　Only after I had read the sentence a second time did I make sense of it.
我把這句話讀了兩遍后才理解了它的含義。
【點津】　“only＋主語”置于句首時，句子不倒裝。
Only a minority of children seemed to have understood it after the lecture.
講座結(jié)束后，似乎只有少數(shù)孩子聽懂了。
【寫美】　微寫作
①直到莉莉走進辦公室，她才意識到她把合同落在家里了。
Only when Lily walked into the office 　　　　　　　　　　　　　that she had left the contract at home.
②只有老師才被允許使用這個房間。
Only 　　　　　　　　　　　　to use the room.
③只有遵循以上建議，你的情況才能得到改善。
Only by following the above suggestions 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.taking　2.urban development　3.climate change
4.humans　5.provide　6.adapt to　7.crashing　8.learn
第二步
1－5　ABDBB
第三步
1.No，we shouldn’t.People need to advance and we should try to keep the balance between urban development and wildlife protection.
2.Building animal rescue centers，providing food and shelters for animals and so on.
第四步
1.With foxes in London，mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong， it is almost as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
2.（1）Today，foxes can be seen all over London — one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction！
（2）There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins，as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.
第五步
1.同位語　原因狀語　定語
有證據(jù)顯示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聰明，因為它們時常要想辦法解決難題，比如怎么打開垃圾桶以及其他它們在野外不會見到的容器。
2.表語　定語
一種理論認為，這些鳥類的遷徙路線讓它們穿過這些有高樓大廈的城市，而它們還沒有調(diào)整路線。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①v.弄臟　②n.斑點；污點　③on　④stealing
⑤Moreover， the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing， with many well-known sightseeing spots.
2.①for　②are greedy to adapt to new surroundings as soon as possible
3.①reforming　②commitment　③to　④committed
⑤should commit ourselves to studying； should be committed to studying
4.①for　②to keep　③fitness　④to fit in with your new school
5.①at　②estimation　③It is estimated that
6.①being given　②appreciation　③I would appreciate it if
7.①to　②of　③It is crucial that we （should） take urgent measures
8.①to　②restriction　③drinking　④restrict screen time to one hour at a time
重點句型解構(gòu)
①did she realise　②the teachers are allowed ③can you get your situation improved
11 / 11(共114張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預(yù)習
1
The Wild Within
　　The crime① took place② in a seaside③ suburb④ of Cape
Town.[1]Spotting⑤ the car with its window left open， the greedy⑥ thief
⑦ didn’t hesitate.Within seconds⑧， he had reached inside and run away
with a bag of shopping.[2]No matter how many crimes he committed⑨，
the police were powerless to arrest him.You see， this was no ordinary
criminal⑩：it was a chacma baboon .Once almost unheard of， scenes
like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world.
With foxes in London， mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong， it is almost [3]as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
　　[1]動詞-ing短語作時間狀語。
[2]“No matter＋疑問詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
[3]as if引導(dǎo)表語從句，as if意為“似乎，好像”。
【讀文清障】
①crime n.罪，罪行
②take place 發(fā)生；舉行
③seaside adj.海濱的
④suburb n.郊區(qū)，城郊
⑤spot v.注意到；發(fā)現(xiàn)
⑥greedy adj.貪婪的，貪心的
⑦thief n.小偷，賊
⑧within seconds 幾秒鐘之內(nèi)
⑨commit v.犯（錯誤或罪行）
⑩criminal n.罪犯
chacma baboon 南非大狒，大狒狒
fox n.狐貍
take over占領(lǐng)；接管
People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban
migration .Most of us would assume that urban development and
climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their
natural habitats.[4]However true this is， we also need to consider that
some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all —
[5]it’s we humans who have moved into their territory .[6]Wherever
they go， animals find towns and cities in their way.With nowhere else to
make their homes， they have no choice but to move in with us.
　　[4]However引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
[5]本句為強調(diào)句，強調(diào)主語we humans。
[6]Wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
urban adj.城鎮(zhèn)的，城市的
migration n.遷徙
assume v.假定，假設(shè)；認為
be responsible for ... 是造成……的原因；為……負責
territory n.地盤；領(lǐng)地
have no choice but to do sth 別無選擇只能做某事
Yet， for its newest and wildest inhabitants， a city can offer many
benefits.[7]As our cities become greener， they offer increasingly
appealing spaces to animals [8]looking for new habitats.Out of reach
from many of their natural predators ， these newcomers often flourish
in their new city lives.Today， foxes can be seen all over London —
one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when
it was under construction ！ What’s more， hungry animals are finding
plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers [9]we throw away .
　　[7]As引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，as意為“隨著”。
[8]動詞-ing短語作后置定語，修飾名詞animals。
[9]we throw away為省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which的定語從句，修
飾先行詞leftovers。
appealing adj.有吸引力的
look for尋找
predator n.掠食動物，捕食性動物
newcomer n.新來者
flourish v.生長茂盛，興盛
under construction 在建設(shè)中
leftover n.吃剩的食物，殘羹剩飯；遺留物，殘存物
throw away扔掉
One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is
their ability to adapt.There is evidence [10]that urban racoons are more
intelligent than their wild cousins， [11]as they frequently have to figure
out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other
containers which they would not find in the wild.Some animals have
even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.Although
naturally active at night， urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is
good enough.Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for
the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage ， such as
hamburgers， lamb kebabs and even garlic bread！
　　[10]that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，作名詞evidence的同位語。
[11]as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞
other containers。
crucial adj.至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的
racoon n.浣熊
figure out理解，弄清楚
container n.容器
fit in with 適應(yīng)；與……一致
on offer 提供的，供使用的；待售的
garbage n.垃圾
lamb n.羔羊肉
kebab n.烤（肉）串
garlic n.（大）蒜
For those animals [12]that don’t adapt， the city can be a
dangerous or even deadly place.Unable to distinguish between blue sky
and glass， birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres
per hour.Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion
birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Shockingly，
these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird
population.Some species are more affected than others.One theory behind
this is [13]that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that
take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
　　[12]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞those animals。
[13]第一個that引導(dǎo)表語從句；第二個that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾
先行詞routes。
deadly adj.致命的
distinguish v.區(qū)分，辨別
crash into撞上
at speeds of以……的速度
estimate v.估計，估算
die from死于
amount to 達到，總計
migratory adj.遷徙的
[14]However they adapt to our ways of urban living， [15]it’s
important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate
our wild neighbours.[16]Only then can we look towards harmoniously
sharing our urban habitats. [17]Whatever the reasons behind these species
entering our cities， one thing is for sure — as it’s often a means of
their survival， they could be with us to stay.
　　[14]However引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
[15]it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句作真正的主語。
[16]本句為“only＋狀語”置于句首引起的部分倒裝句。
[17]Whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
appreciate v.欣賞；賞識
for sure肯定地；無疑地
a means of 一種……的方式
【參考譯文】
城中的野生動物
　　在開普敦的一個海濱郊區(qū)發(fā)生了一起犯罪活動。貪婪的竊賊在發(fā)
現(xiàn)有輛車的車窗未關(guān)后，沒有絲毫猶豫。幾秒之間，他把手伸進車
窗，抓出一袋東西逃之夭夭。不論他犯罪多少次，警方都無法抓捕到
他。要知道，這可不是普通的罪犯：它是一只大狒狒。以前，在開普
敦發(fā)生的這種事幾乎聞所未聞，但現(xiàn)在這種事在世界各地都時有發(fā)
生。倫敦出現(xiàn)了狐貍，舊金山出現(xiàn)了美洲獅，香港出現(xiàn)了野豬，我們
的城市就像是被野生動物給占領(lǐng)了。
人們總想知道這種大規(guī)模城市遷徙背后的原因。我們大多數(shù)人會
認為，城市發(fā)展和氣候變化是造成這些動物離開其自然棲息地的原
因。無論事實如何，我們必須得明白，在這些所謂的“城市動物”
中，有一些根本就沒有遷徙過——是我們?nèi)祟惏岬搅怂鼈兊念I(lǐng)地里。
動物不論走到哪里，都發(fā)現(xiàn)有城鎮(zhèn)攔路。既然沒有別處可以安家，它
們別無選擇，只好搬來和我們一起住。
不過，城市可以給這些最新的也是最野生的居民許多好處。隨著
我們的城市綠化越來越好，它們越來越吸引著尋找新棲息地的動物。
由于遠離自然界中的許多天敵，這些新來者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃
發(fā)展。現(xiàn)在，倫敦隨處都可以見到狐貍——有一只甚至生活在當時在
建的夏德大廈72樓！而且，饑餓的動物們從我們的花園里和我們?nèi)拥?br/>的垃圾中找尋到大量的食物。
對這些越來越多的“城市動物”來說，適應(yīng)能力是關(guān)鍵。有證據(jù)
顯示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聰明，因為它們時常要想
辦法解決難題，比如怎么打開垃圾桶以及其他它們在野外不會見到的
容器。為了適應(yīng)新的家園，有些動物甚至改變了習性。盡管狐貍天生
晝伏夜出，但如果回報足夠豐厚，城市里的狐貍會在白天出來。城市
的位置也意味著它們可以吃到來自垃圾里的多元文化的菜肴，比如漢
堡包、烤羊肉串甚至香蒜面包！
對無法適應(yīng)環(huán)境的動物來說，城市是個危險甚至致命的地方。無
法分辨藍天和玻璃的鳥類會以每小時50千米的速度撞向窗戶。近期研
究估計，僅在美國，每年就有4億到10億只鳥因撞向窗戶而亡。令人
震驚的是，這一死亡數(shù)量約占全美鳥類總量的10%。有些種類的鳥受
此影響更大。一種理論認為，這些鳥類的遷徙路線讓它們穿過這些有
高樓大廈的城市，而它們還沒有調(diào)整路線。
不論它們?nèi)绾芜m應(yīng)我們的城市生活，更好地理解甚至學(xué)會欣賞我
們的野生鄰居是非常重要的。只有那時，我們才能展望與它們和諧分
享城市棲息地的未來。無論這些物種進入我們城市的原因是什么，有
一件事是肯定的——既然它們這么做通常是為了生存，那么它們就可
以留下來和我們一起生活。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節(jié)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Why does the author talk about the “theft” in Cape Town in
Paragraph 1？
A. To introduce the topic of the text.
B. To show us how animals live in the city.
C. To give us some dangerous warnings.
D. To call on us to take care of wild animals.
2. What’s the third paragraph mainly about？
A. Animals’ flourishing in cities.
B. Benefits of cities for wild animals.
C. A great amount of food wasted by humans.
D. The relationship between animals and humans.
3. What does the author mean by saying “urban foxes come out in
daylight”？
A. They have no choice but to do so.
B. They are no longer afraid of humans.
C. They are more intelligent than wild foxes.
D. They have changed their living habits.
4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？
A. To call on us not to build too tall buildings in the urban areas.
B. To encourage us to have a better understanding of our wild neighbours.
C. To advise us to better protect our wild neighbours in cities.
D. To show us the sad stories of wild animals in cities.
5. What’s the structure of the passage？
第三步：拓思維品質(zhì)提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Should we restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats
for wild animals？Why？


　No，we shouldn’t.People need to advance and we should try to
keep the balance between urban development and wildlife protection.　
2. How can we help the wildlife in our neighbourhood？


　Building animal rescue centers，providing food and shelters for
animals and so on.　
第四步：品語言妙筆生輝
1. Read the passage carefully and find the parallelism （排比） sentences
in the first paragraph.



　With foxes in London，mountain lions in San Francisco and wild
pigs in Hong Kong， it is almost as if our cities are being taken over by
wild animals.　
2. Read the passage carefully and find examples to show the comparison
（對比）.







　（1）Today，foxes can be seen all over London — one even being
found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under
construction！　
　（2）There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than
their wild cousins，as they frequently have to figure out difficult
problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which
they would not find in the wild.　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1. There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild
cousins，as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such
as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not
find in the wild.
句式分析 that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild
cousins 為that引導(dǎo)的 從句，對evidence的具體內(nèi)容進行
解釋說明；as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such
as how to open rubbish bins and other containers為as引導(dǎo)的
從句；which they would not find in the wild為which引導(dǎo)的
從句，修飾先行詞containers。
自主翻譯


同位語　
原因狀
語　
定
語　
有證據(jù)顯示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聰
明，因為它們時常要想辦法解決難題，比如怎么打開垃圾桶以及其
他它們在野外不會見到的容器。　
2. One theory behind this is that these birds have yet to change their
migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
句式分析 第一個that引導(dǎo) 從句；第二個that引導(dǎo)
從句，修飾先行詞routes。
自主翻譯

表語　
定語　
一種理論認為，這些鳥類的遷徙路線讓它們穿過這些
有高樓大廈的城市，而它們還沒有調(diào)整路線。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
spot v.發(fā)現(xiàn)；認出；弄臟 n.地點；場所；斑點；污點
【教材原句】　Spotting the car with its window left open， the greedy
thief didn’t hesitate.
貪婪的竊賊在發(fā)現(xiàn)有輛車的車窗未關(guān)后，沒有絲毫猶豫。
【用法】
（1）on the spot　　立即；在現(xiàn)場
put sb on the spot　　（故意提出難以回答或?qū)?br/>尬的問題）使某人難堪
（2）spot sb doing sth　　發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事
be spotted with　　滿是……斑點；點綴著……
（3）spotted adj.　　有斑點的
【佳句】　Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works be on display，
but the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes
on the spot.
不僅將展出各種剪紙作品，工匠們還將現(xiàn)場向參觀者展示如何將紙剪
成各種形狀。
【練透】　語境辨義/單句語法填空
①The floor was spotted with paint，which made him embarrassed.

②Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove.

③The policeman on duty caught the thief the spot.
④On the bus， I spotted a man （steal） a wallet from a
lady’s shoulder bag.
v.弄臟　
n.斑
點；污點　
on　
stealing　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
⑤此外，長江沿岸的風景也令人驚嘆，有許多著名的觀光景點。


　Moreover， the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing， with
many well-known sightseeing spots.　
greedy adj.貪婪的，貪心的；渴望的
【教材原句】　Spotting the car with its window left open， the greedy
thief didn’t hesitate.
貪婪的竊賊在發(fā)現(xiàn)有輛車的車窗未關(guān)后，沒有絲毫猶豫。
【用法】
（1）be greedy for ...　　對……貪婪/渴望
be greedy to do sth　　渴望做某事
（2）greed n.　　貪心，貪婪，貪欲
greedily adv.　　貪婪地，貪心地；貪食地
【佳句】　Out of the hospital， he took off his mask and breathed the
fresh air greedily.
走出醫(yī)院，他摘下口罩，貪婪地呼吸著新鮮空氣。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He was so greedy power and money that he committed crimes.
for　
【寫美】　補全句子
②得知你渴望盡快適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境，我寫信給你提供一些建議。
（建議信）
Learning that you
，I am writing to offer you some suggestions.
are greedy to adapt to new surroundings as soon as
possible　
commit v.犯（錯誤或罪行）；自殺；承諾，保證；忠于；全心全
意投入（工作、活動等）；花（錢或時間）
【教材原句】　No matter how many crimes he committed， the police
were powerless to arrest him.
不論他犯罪多少次，警方都無法抓捕到他。
【用法】
（1）commit an error/a crime/suicide 做錯事/犯罪/自殺
commit oneself to （doing） sth 專心致志于（做）某事；承諾/保證
（做）某事
（2）commitment n.投入，花費；承諾，許諾，保證；（對工作或某
活動的）獻身，奉獻
make a commitment to sb/sth 對某人/事作出承諾
（3）committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅信的；堅定的
be committed to （doing） sth 全身心地投入（做）某事，致力于
（做）某事
【佳句】　Smoking not only harms others’ health， but is also
committing suicide slowly.
吸煙不僅損害他人健康，還等于慢性自殺。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The President is committed to （reform） health care.
②The company is making a long-term （commit） to
breaking into the American market.
③I have committed myself the job for at least the coming year.
④He was a strongly （commit） comrade of the party.
reforming　
commitment　
to　
committed　
【寫美】　一句多譯
⑤現(xiàn)在是我們應(yīng)該致力于學(xué)習英語的時候了。
→It’s high time that we
English.
→It’s high time that we English.
should commit ourselves to studying　
should be committed to studying　
fit in with 適應(yīng)；符合；與……一致
【教材原句】　Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit
in with their new homes.
為了適應(yīng)新的家園，有些動物甚至改變了習性。
【用法】
（1）fit v.（對某人）合身；符合；使勝任
adj.　　健康的；合適的
fit sb/sth　　適合某人/某物
fit in　　相適應(yīng)；相融合
be fit for　　適合
keep fit　　保持健康
（2）fitness n.　　健康；適合
【佳句】　I want to know whether my son can fit in with his
companions.
我想知道我兒子能否與他的同伴們相處融洽。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It’s a pity that neither you nor I am fit the work.
②We are supposed to work out regularly （keep） fit.
③She was never interested in （fit） before but now she’s
been bitten by the bug.
for　
to keep　
fitness　
【寫美】　補全句子
④聽說你很難適應(yīng)你的新學(xué)校，我很難過。
I am sorry to hear that it is difficult for you
.
to fit in with your new
school　
estimate v.估計，估算 n.（對數(shù)量、成本等的）估計；估價
【教材原句】　Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1
billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. 近期研
究估計，僅在美國，每年就有4億到10億只鳥因撞向窗戶而亡。
【用法】
（1）estimate ...at ... 估算/估計……為……
be estimate to be/have　　估計有……
It is estimated that ...　　據(jù)估計……
（2）estimation n.（對水平、數(shù)量等的）估計；評價
【佳句】　Windy though it was that day， we arrived at the castle which
was estimated to be 700 years.
盡管那天風很大，我們還是到達了這座估計有700年歷史的城堡。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The firm estimated the cost of the new house 100，000.
②According to rough （estimate）， the beautiful vase is
worth over a million yuan.
at　
estimation　
【寫美】　補全句子
③據(jù)估計，英語中80%的談話都是閑話。（語言學(xué)習）
80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
It is estimated that　
appreciate v.欣賞；賞識；感激，感謝
【教材原句】　However they adapt to our ways of urban living， it’s
important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to
appreciate our wild neighbours.
不論它們?nèi)绾芜m應(yīng)我們的城市生活，更好地理解甚至學(xué)會欣賞我們的
野生鄰居是非常重要的。
【用法】
（1）appreciate sth/sb　欣賞/賞識某物/某人
appreciate （sb） doing sth　　感激（某人）做某事
I would appreciate it if ...　　如果……我將不勝感激
（2）appreciation n.　　欣賞；感激
（3）appreciative adj.　　欣賞的；感激的
【佳句】　I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.如果
您能同意我的請求，我將不勝感激。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I appreciate （give） the opportunity to work in the
company.
②Please accept this gift in （appreciate）of all you’ve
done for us.
being given　
appreciation　
【寫美】　補全句子
③如果您能在方便的時候就如何解決這個問題給我一些建議，我將不
勝感激。（求助信）
you could give me some tips on how to solve
the problem at your convenience.
I would appreciate it if　
crucial adj.至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的
【教材原句】　One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban
animals” is their ability to adapt.
“城市動物”數(shù)量不斷增加的一個關(guān)鍵因素是它們的適應(yīng)能力。
【用法】
（1）a crucial factor/decision　關(guān)鍵性的因素/決定
at the crucial moment　　在緊要關(guān)頭
（2）be crucial to　　對……至關(guān)重要
be of crucial importance　　至關(guān)重要
play a crucial role in　　在……中起重要作用
It is crucial that ...　　……是至關(guān)重要的
【佳句】　The city of Mycenae played a crucial role in the history of
Greece.
邁錫尼城在希臘歷史上起著非常重要的作用。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①This focus is crucial our coming to any breakthrough thinking.
②The conservation of tropical forests is crucial importance.
to　
of　
【寫美】　補全句子
③我們應(yīng)該采取緊急措施保護海洋免受進一步的破壞，這是至關(guān)
重要的。
to protect
oceans from being further destroyed.
It is crucial that we （should） take urgent measures　
restrict v.限制，控制；約束
【教材原句】　Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict
urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals. 一些
環(huán)保主義者認為，我們應(yīng)該限制城市發(fā)展，為野生動物留下足夠的自
然棲息地。
【用法】
（1）restrict sb to （doing） sth　約束某人（做）某事
restrict ...to ...　　把……限制/控制在……
（2）restricted adj.　　有限的，受限制的；受控制的，受約束的
be restricted to　　限制（在某范圍）
（3）restriction n.　　限制；約束
【佳句】　The cramped living conditions severely restricted the
children’s freedom to play.
擁擠的居住條件嚴重限制了孩子們玩耍的自由。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It’s crucial that access to the club should be restricted members
only.
②In the meantime，this licence allows you to travel anywhere
without （restrict）.
③I restrict myself to （drink） one cup of coffee a day.
to　
restriction　
drinking　
【寫美】　補全句子
④我們最好限制屏幕時間每次在一個小時之內(nèi)，然后我們可以在室內(nèi)
鍛煉。
We’d better and then we
can take exercise indoors.
restrict screen time to one hour at a time　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：“only＋狀語”置于句首引起的部分倒裝句
【教材原句】　Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing
our urban habitats.
只有那時，我們才能展望與它們和諧分享城市棲息地的未來。
【用法】
（1）“only＋狀語（副詞/介詞短語）”置于句首時，句子要用部分
倒裝。
（2）“only＋狀語從句”置于句首時，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
【品悟】　Only after I had read the sentence a second time did I
make sense of it.
我把這句話讀了兩遍后才理解了它的含義。
【點津】　“only＋主語”置于句首時，句子不倒裝。
Only a minority of children seemed to have understood it after the lecture.
講座結(jié)束后，似乎只有少數(shù)孩子聽懂了。
【寫美】　微寫作
①直到莉莉走進辦公室，她才意識到她把合同落在家里了。
Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left
the contract at home.
②只有老師才被允許使用這個房間。
Only to use the room.
③只有遵循以上建議，你的情況才能得到改善。
Only by following the above suggestions
.
did she realise　
the teachers are allowed　
can you get your situation
improved　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. My grandfather is used to taking out the （垃圾） when
he goes out after supper.
2. That boy is a （新來者） to our village， so he can’t
understand our dialect.
3. Talent，hard work and a strong will are all （關(guān)鍵性的）
to career success.
garbage　
newcomer　
crucial　
4. Disneyland is in the Los Angeles （郊區(qū)）.If you want to
go there， renting a car is a nice idea.
5. Whoever commits a （罪行） should be punished by law.
6. It is generally considered that the medical service in u areas is
better than that in rural areas.
7. Penglai City is a s city， located in the north-east of Shandong
Province.
8. It is e that the flood has caused about one million people to
leave their houses.
9. While my friend， George， was reading in the bedroom， two
t climbed into his kitchen.
suburb　
crime　
rban　
easide　
stimated　
hieves　
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1. I don’t want to share a room with Tony because he is a
（greed） and selfish guy.
2. He specialized in （crime） law when at university.
3. Put a small amount of the powder into a （contain） and
mix it with water.
4. In fact， the first group was absolutely correct in their
（estimate） of this man’s height.
greedy　
criminal　
container　
estimation　
5. The course is aimed at developing the children’s
（appreciate） of music performances.
6. The company’s success this year would not have been possible
without the （commit） and dedication of the staff.
7. For one-third of the world’s birds， （migrate） is an
instinct caused by seasonal changes in weather and lack of food.
8. Some animals can adapt to the urban and （suburb）
environment quite well.
appreciation　
commitment　
migration　
suburban　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Because of the shortage of funds， we
（除推遲項目外別無選擇）.
2. Only after all the preparation have been made
（我們才將開始會議）.
3. In that country， the cured cases of this disease （達
到） more than ten thousand last year.
4. I wondered how I would （適應(yīng)） my teenage friends.
have no choice but to put off
the project　
will we start the
meeting　
amounted to　
fit in with　
5. The old couple treat me very well
（好像我是他們的家庭成員一樣）.
6. （不
管大家如何努力說服他）， he just wouldn’t listen.
as if I were their family member　
However/No matter how hard everyone tried to persuade him　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　People often wonder about the reasons behind wild animals’ mass
urban 1. （migrate）.Most of us would assume that urban
development and climate change are responsible 2. pushing the
animals out of their natural habitats.With nowhere else to make their
homes， they have no choice but 3. （move） in with us.
migration　
for　
to move　
As our cities become greener， they offer increasingly appealing
spaces to animals 4. （look） for new habitats.One thing
crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” 5. （be）
their ability to adapt.There is evidence 6. urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins， as they 7.
（frequent） have to figure out difficult problems that they would not have in the wild.
looking　
is　
that　
frequently　
For those animals that don’t adapt， the city can be a
8. （danger） or even deadly place.Between 400 million
and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US
alone.Some species 9. （affect） more seriously than
others because they have yet to change their migratory routes that take
them through cities with high-rise buildings.
However they adapt to our ways of urban living， 10. is
important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate
our wild neighbours.
dangerous　
are affected　
it　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　A new study warns that more than a fifth of all reptile （爬行動物）
species are threatened with extinction， which may have a bad impact on
the planet.
　　The largest ever analysis of the state of the world’s reptiles，
published in Nature， has showed that 21% of the reptile species are
facing extinction. The study says from lizards to snakes， such a loss
could have disastrous impacts on ecosystems around the world.
　　Although many reptiles live in dry environments such as deserts，
most species occur in forests， where they suffer from threats such as
logging of land for agriculture.30% of the forest-dwelling reptiles are at
risk of extinction， compared with 14% in dry habitats. Hunting is also a
major threat to reptiles， especially turtles and crocodiles， many of
which are at risk of extinction. Another major contributing factor is the
introduction of invasive species.
　　“If we removed reptiles， it could change ecosystems
fundamentally， with unfortunate knock-on effects， such as increases in
pest insects，” said Neil Cox， co-leader of the study. “Biodiversity，
including reptiles， supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy
environment for people.”
　　Our hope is that this first-ever assessment of the world’s 10，000-
plus reptiles helps put them in the spotlight and goes some way to
highlighting this diversity， and just how much we have to lose. As well
as controlling rats， mosquitoes and other pests， reptiles deliver many
other benefits. “They help spread seeds， especially in island
environments，” said researcher Hoffmann. “We’ve also achieved
many medical advances from studies of reptiles.”
　　The results of the study are not all doom and gloom. Scientists have
found， surprisingly， that if they set out to protect places where
threatened birds， mammals and amphibians （兩棲動物） live
together， they’ll meanwhile protect many more threatened reptiles.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項新的研究警告說，超過五分之
一的爬行動物物種面臨滅絕的威脅，這可能對地球產(chǎn)生不良影響。
文章介紹了導(dǎo)致爬行動物滅絕的因素以及爬行動物的益處。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項新的研究警告說，超過五分之
一的爬行動物物種面臨滅絕的威脅，這可能對地球產(chǎn)生不良影響。
文章介紹了導(dǎo)致爬行動物滅絕的因素以及爬行動物的益處。
1. Which is the main concern raised by the new study？
A. The overpopulation of reptiles.
B. The loss of reptiles.
C. The sharp increase in reptile species.
D. The disastrous influence of reptiles on nature.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，這項新研究提出的
主要擔憂是爬行類動物的消失。
2. How many factors causing the extinction of species are mentioned in
Paragraph 3？
A. One. B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，導(dǎo)致物種滅絕的因
素有三個。
3. What did Neil Cox and Hoffmann both say about reptiles？
A. Their benefits.
B. Their habitats.
C. Their living habits.
D. Their health problems.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Biodiversity， including
reptiles， supports the ecosystem services that provide a healthy
environment for people.以及倒數(shù)第二段中的They help spread
seeds， especially in island environments可知，尼爾·考克斯和霍夫
曼都提到了爬行動物的益處。
4. What does the underlined phrase “doom and gloom” in the last
paragraph mean？
A. Disappointing. B. Odd.
C. Satisfactory. D. Amazing.
解析：　詞義猜測題。畫線詞下文提到了更多受威脅的爬行動物
會受到保護，說明這項研究的結(jié)果并不都是令人失望的。故畫線詞
意思是“令人失望的”。
B
　　Johannes Fritz， an Austrian biologist， needed to come up with a
plan again if he was going to prevent his rare and beloved birds from going
extinct.
　　To survive the European winter， the northern bald ibis needs to
migrate south for the winter over the Alps. But shifting climate patterns
have delayed when the birds begin to migrate and they are now reaching
the mountains too late to make it over the peaks， locking them in an icy
death trap. Determined to save them， he decided to teach the birds a
new， safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft. He
was confident that he could succeed in this daring， unconventional plan.
Some 400 years ago， the Europeans hunted these birds without
stopping and devoured the last in the wild， causing the birds to disappear
entirely from the wild. When Mr Fritz was born 56 years ago， the
northern bald ibis could be found in Europe only in captivity （圈養(yǎng)）.
　　Mr Fritz has spent his career reintroducing the birds into the wild.
Through years of trial and error， he learned to fly like a bird. He
modified （改裝） a lightweight aircraft so it would fly at speeds slow
enough for the birds to keep up. In 2004， he led the first flock from
Austria to Italy， and has since led more migrations. But the route he
originally taught the ibises does not work successfully. With climate
change warming the area where the birds summer， they now start their
migration at the end of October instead of the end of September. The trip
is expected to take about six weeks， “Still， we’re optimistic that
it’ll work，” said Mr Fritz.
　　His family and colleagues witnessed the risks he was taking. “But
the unavoidable risks are necessary，” Mr Fritz said. “It’s not so
much a job， but my life’s purpose.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了奧地利生物學(xué)家約
翰內(nèi)斯·弗里茨為了防止他心愛的稀有鳥類滅絕，決定教它們一條
新的遷徙路線。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了奧地利生物學(xué)家約
翰內(nèi)斯·弗里茨為了防止他心愛的稀有鳥類滅絕，決定教它們一條
新的遷徙路線。
5. What was Johannes Fritz’s plan？
A. To shorten bald ibises’ migration route.
B. To lead bald ibises to migrate on a new route.
C. To better the climate patterns for bald ibises.
D. To find out a safer destination for bald ibises.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Determined to save them，
he decided to teach the birds a new， safer migration route by guiding
them himself in a tiny aircraft.可知，約翰內(nèi)斯·弗里茨的計劃是帶
領(lǐng)禿鷹沿著一條新的路線遷徙。
6. What does the underlined word “devoured” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Destroyed. B. Abused.
C. Released. D. Raised.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上下文可知，歐洲人不停地獵
殺這些鳥，導(dǎo)致鳥類完全從野外消失。故畫線詞與Destroyed（毀
滅，破壞）意義相近。
7. Why was Mr Fritz’s initial route for the birds ineffective？
A. Owing to the long time it consumes.
B. For the slow speed of his modified aircraft.
C. Because of the toughness along the first route.
D. Due to higher temperatures in the summer habitat.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的But the route he originally
taught the ibises does not ...at the end of October instead of the end of
September.可推知，弗里茨先生最初尋找的路線是無效的，因為夏
季棲息地的溫度更高。
8. Which of the following can best describe Mr Fritz？
A. Honest. B. Innovative.
C. Straightforward. D. Demanding.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段內(nèi)容可知，弗里茨先
生是有創(chuàng)新想法的。
C
　　The song of the Florida grasshopper sparrow is unusual and
surprisingly insect-like. But it almost fell silent forever. In 2012， Joel
Sartore， the founder of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark
received a call from the US Fish and Wildlife Service： The songbird， an important ecological link in Florida’s dry grassland， was on the edge of extinction. With only a few dozen males showing up in counts， it was among North America’s most endangered bird species.
　　Sartore flew to Florida to photograph the bird and work with
conservationists to raise awareness of the species’ difficult situation. The
story appeared in 　outlets　， such as newspapers， magazines and even
the Internet， helping boost government funding for a breeding program.
Thanks to these steps， there are now as many as 180 adults in the wild
and researchers are working hard to bring the species back from the brink
of extinction.
　　Like other examples of species survival， the push to save the
sparrow is “a remarkable story of belief and cooperation”， says
Sartore. It also shows what it takes to protect an endangered species：
research， narratives， partnerships， resources and time. This journey
shows the society’s mission to illustrate and protect the wonder of the
world. Over the past 136 years， we’ve developed a unique Explorer-led
model， combining science， exploration， education， and storytelling
to drive impact. We support Explorer in more than 140 countries， including Sartore and others whose work appears in this issue： biologist André Green Ⅱ， photographer Lynsey Addario and education advocate Ara Kusuma.
　　Sartore has been creating an “ark” of animal photos for 17 years.
Portraits of more than 15，000 species invite audiences to connect and
care. With the society’s support， the images have appeared on
landmarks and US postage stamps， prompting on-the-ground
conservation efforts such as an initiative of National Geographic Explorer
and Photo Ark.
　　As Sartore says， “The sounds of birds are the sounds of a healthy
planet. When we save a bird or another species， we’re actually saving
ourselves.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在各方人士的共同
努力下拯救美國鳥類的事情，強調(diào)了人與鳥類共存的重要性。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在各方人士的共同
努力下拯救美國鳥類的事情，強調(diào)了人與鳥類共存的重要性。
9. How does the author introduce the topic？
A. By clarifying a concept.
B. By offering an example.
C. By giving an explanation.
D. By quoting a remark.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，這里利用具體的例
子來說明北美鳥類的瀕危情況。
10. Which has the similar meaning with “outlets” in Paragraph 2？
A. Stores. B. Media.
C. Exits. D. Books.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的such as newspapers，
magazines and even the Internet， helping boost government funding
for a breeding program可知，這里的outlet包括報紙、雜志甚至互聯(lián)
網(wǎng)等媒體，所以outlet的意思和B項（媒體）意思一致。
11. What contributes to the sparrow’s survival？
A. A funding program from the government.
B. An ark of animal photos in the magazine.
C. A unique initiative for species protection.
D. A joint effort from different professionals.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，拯救麻雀是各領(lǐng)
域?qū)I(yè)人士共同努力的結(jié)果。
12. What does Sartore want to convey in the last paragraph？
A. The urgency of species’ protection.
B. The promotion of cooperative methods.
C. The importance of coexistence.
D. The situation of human survival.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的When we save a bird or
another species， we’re actually saving ourselves.可知，Sartore認
為，鳥類和人類息息相關(guān)，強調(diào)了人與鳥類共存的重要性。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Practising General Water Safety
　　A day at the pool or the beach can be a very relaxing activity.
However， if you see someone drowning， that can transform your day
into a scary experience. 　13　
　　Strengthen your swimming skills.
　　 　14　 If you do not know what you are doing， it is possible you
could make the situation worse， despite your best intentions. If you are
going to be near water， or plan to be， it’s a great idea to take an
advanced swimming course.
　　Practice caution.
　　Accidents happen， and it is certainly not possible to ensure that
drowning incidents don’t occur. 　15　 Make sure that when you are
near water you have flotation （漂浮） device with you. If possible，
take a cellphone with you to the pool beach so that you can call for help if
necessary.
　
　　It is always best to swim with a lifeguard on duty. This is important
for everyone， even strong swimmers. If you are going to be swimming in
a pool， look for one with a regular lifeguard. 　16　 For example， do
not go in a lake if it is especially windy and the waves are strong. You
should avoid going in the ocean when the tides （潮汐） are very strong.
Many beaches post signs or flags advising you of conditions. Do not swim
if a warning is posted.
　　 　17　
　Swim in designated areas.
　　While anyone can drown， children are especially susceptible （易受
傷害的）. If you have kids， make sure that you teach them to act
responsibly around water. Have a set of rules for family swims， and
make sure that your children understand them.
A. Teach children the rules.
B. Try to remember the safety rules.
C. Bring a safety tool along with you and your children.
D. However， there are many steps you can take to reduce the possibility.
E. Do not go in natural bodies of water if the conditions are unfavourable.
F. By practising water safety rules， you can keep both you and those
around you safe.
G. It is important to remember that only super competent swimmers
should attempt rescues.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了水上安全的一些規(guī)
則。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了水上安全的一些規(guī)
則。
13. F　空前一句提到溺水事故，根據(jù)下文列舉的幾個水上安全規(guī)則可
知，F(xiàn)項（通過實踐水上安全規(guī)則，你可以保證你和你周圍的人的安
全）符合語境，提出學(xué)習水上安全規(guī)則的好處。
14. G　根據(jù)段落小標題Strengthen your swimming skills.以及空后一
句可知，想要救援，首先需要加強游泳技能。G項（重要的是要記
住，只有超級有能力的游泳者才應(yīng)該嘗試救援）符合語境。
15. D　根據(jù)空前一句可知，不可能確保不發(fā)生溺水事件；根據(jù)空后
一句可知，雖然沒法確保溺水事件不發(fā)生，但是我們可以采取措施減
少其發(fā)生的可能性。D項（然而，你可以采取很多措施來減少這種可
能性）符合語境。
16. E　根據(jù)段落小標題Swim in designated areas.以及下文舉例可
知，要在指定區(qū)域游泳。E項（如果條件不利，不要進入天然水體）
符合語境。
17. A　根據(jù)下文Have a set of rules for family swims， and make sure
that your children understand them.可知，本段主要介紹要讓孩子理解
家庭游泳的規(guī)則。A項（教孩子規(guī)則）適合作本段小標題。
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