資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.You had better not eat dessert before lunch because it will spoil your 　　　　　　（胃口）.
2.It’s reported that this bamboo forest is an important 　　　　　　（棲息地） for the giant pandas.
3.It’s not clear whether the 　　　　　　（事件） was an accident or not.
4.The unexpected storms caused traffic 　　　　（大混亂） across the whole city.
5.The young healthy volunteers will be exposed to the 　　　　　　（病毒） in order to test vaccines in a controlled environment.
6.The number of new students 　　　　　　　（減少） from 210 to 160 last year.
7.The roof of the house c　　　　　　 under the weight of the fallen snow.
8.People are gradually realizing the importance of preserving cultural h　　　　　　.
9.It is suggested that parents should reduce their i　　　　　　 to children.
10.Pollution has had a disastrous effect on the e　　　　　　 of that region.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.These data show that tourism has improved 　　　　　　（dramatic） compared with other industries.
2.It was after I attended a speech given by Professor Li that I became interested in wildlife 　　　　　　（conserve）.
3.I decide to invite Lily to have dinner with my family before her 　　　　　　（depart） for Paris.
4.They 　　　　　　（subsequent） heard that he left the country after working there for 5 years.
5.　　　　　　 （owe） to lack of experience we took a roundabout course in our work.
6.Economic development should not be achieved at the expense of the 　　　　　　（ecology） environment.
7.He owes his success to the 　　　　　　（explode） growth of the export market.
8.The ice there has become a window on the past with gases and minerals 　　　　　　（trap） in it.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The plane got 　　　　　　　　　　（失控） and crashed into the sea finally.
2.His death was totally unexpected and， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（因此）， no plans had been made for his replacement.
3.Those species which cannot adapt to the changing conditions may 　　　　　　　　　　（滅絕）.
4.Humans should preserve biodiversity to protect nature and live 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（與……和諧相處） it.
5.We need to settle this problem today 　　　　　　　　　　　　（徹底地） because we have to do new tasks tomorrow.
6.Eventually the painting 　　　　　　（結果是） to be a genuine Qi Baishi after identification.
7.What’s more， we can 　　　　　　　　（提出） our own ideas and learn more through discussion.
8.Imagine singing together with hundreds of other people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（當你獨自在家時）.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Macquarie Island takes on a long， thin shape， 1.　　　　 is because of strong winds and 2.　　　　 （storm） seas.It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Its native inhabitants existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.In 1810， humans arrived on the island with rats and mice unknowingly.These animals quickly took over the island， 3.　　　　 （bring） disasters to birds.Unfortunately， cats 4.　　　　 （intend） to control rats and mice developed an appetite for birds，too.Later，rabbits 5.　　　　 （introduce） but they led to greater damage to the island.Experts came up with a plan to release a virus 6.　　　　 （kill） the rabbits，but afterwards，they developed an immunity 7.　　　　 the virus， and their number exploded once again.This incident made 8.　　　　 clear that the rat， mouse and rabbit problem needed 9.　　　　 （solve） once and for all.I am here to tackle this problem.I brought trained dogs to remove the last 10.　　　　 （remain） invading species.I think we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　“THEY’RE ALL IN TROUBLE，” says Kenyan ecologist Paula Kahumbu. “All elephants are in major， major trouble.”
　　Populations of the three species have declined： savanna （熱帶草原） elephants， forest elephants， and the smaller-eared Asian elephants. And we’re to blame. We’ve expanded into elephant territory， building homes and roads， cutting down forests and planting crops. Besides， with the rise of poaching （偷獵）， the number of elephants has decreased and became dangerously low in the past five decades.
　　“Poaching doesn’t just destroy animals，” says Kahumbu， “it gradually weakens society.” That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts， launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife. Kahumbu’s goal is noble and urgent： to change “the whole national awareness about conservation”.
　　Now， she’s taking her message to an international stage with Secrets of the Elephants， a four-part series on National Geographic. It explores the hidden lives of elephants in four habitats — Asia， plus African forests， deserts， and savannas — as well as the people who are racing to save the animals.
　　“We kind of know what they need， but we aren’t always generous enough.” Secrets of the Elephants， she hopes， will familiarize people with the wildlife that lives among them.
　　While making the series， the difficult situation of some elephants shocked her. “You look at their faces and they look so sad，” she says. She particularly noticed this in Asia， where Asian elephants and people live in increasingly close distance.
　　“Despite decades of research into African elephants， much research into Asian elephants has fallen behind — which is why our programme in the following pages will focus on this species，” she adds.
1.What does Paragraph 2 focus on？
A.The features of three species of elephants. B.The different situations of the elephants.
C.The causes for the decrease of the elephants. D.The impact of human behaviors on elephants.
2.What did Kahumbu do？
A.She monitored poachers hunting elephants.
B.She filmed a feature about elephants.
C.She started a national wildlife protection movement.
D.She changed people’s awareness of wildlife protection.
3.What can be inferred about the Asian elephants？
A.They like to get close to humans.
B.They are almost ignored by experts.
C.They remain mysterious to humans.
D.They are gradually losing their habitats.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Take Action： Stop Poaching
B.Film Series： Secrets of the Elephants
C.Paula Kahumbu： A Brave Kenyan Ecologist
D.Endangered： Three Species of Elephants
B
　　Thousands of emperor penguin chicks across four colonies in Antarctica are believed to have died because of record-low sea ice levels that caused a catastrophic breeding （繁殖） failure in late 2022， according to new research.
　　Analysis of satellite images showed the break-up of the stable sea ice and the disappearance of the colonies at a time when chicks had not yet grown their waterproof feathers. Scientists have said emperor penguins face an uncertain future under global heating because they are so dependent on sea ice.
　　The research said that the breeding failures in the Bellingshausen Sea never happened before， as it was the first time multiple colonies across a large region had all failed in a single season. “It’s a worrying story，” said Dr Peter Fretwell， a researcher with the British Antarctic Survey and the lead author of the research. “The sea ice loss has been far quicker than we imagined.” Many parts of the region had near-total loss of sea ice. Fretwell estimated as many as 7，000 chicks may have perished. “In some cases it’s possible the sea broke up into smaller floes （浮冰） or under the feet of the penguins，” he said. “If immersed， the chicks will drown. If they get back on to the ice floes， they will freeze because of lack of their waterproof feathers.”
　　Dr Barbara Wienecke， a senior research scientist at the Australian Antarctic Division， said“They still have their downy plumage （全身茸毛）. If the ice breaks out before they can safely enter the water， the plumage becomes so wet that the chicks die of exposure. It’s extraordinarily upsetting to think of this happening.”
　　Both Wienecke and Fretwell said predictions of the future for the penguin species may have to be revised， with the risk potentially greater than previously feared. Fretwell said： “It’s only by changing our behaviour and the amounts of fossil fuels we use will we completely change the situation for these emperor penguins， and many other species. How bad it gets is still up to us.”
5.Which can describe the situation of the emperor penguin chicks？
A.Promising.　　　 B.Alarming. C.Hopeless. D.Inspiring.
6.What do we know about the chicks according to the passage？
A.They are dying of food shortages.
B.They are finding new habitats for breeding.
C.They have learned how to swim in the ice water.
D.They don’t have the kind of feathers protecting them.
7.What does the underlined word “perished” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Appeared. B.Adapted.
C.Escaped. D.Died.
8.What does Fretwell want to convey in the last paragraph？
A.Fossil fuels are to blame for the destruction.
B.We should change our behaviour to save the penguins.
C.We should not fear the potential risk as it can be removed.
D.More research should be done to ensure the positive changes.
C
　　A lot of glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate （碳酸鈉） can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items， but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative.
　　In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances， a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids（氨基酸）. That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months.
　　In a test， glass beads （玻璃珠） made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice， and the breakdown of the bead and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study shows how the mice’s bodies broke down the beads. In that month， the glass implant degraded （降解） beneath the skin， the wound site healed， and fur grew back. “Throughout the experimental period， no mice showed any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation， and none of them experienced obvious weight loss，” the researchers wrote in their paper.
　　Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment， this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass， because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this barrier， the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-cooling procedure applied in glass making. This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher.
　　“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage， and far from large-scale commercialization，” emphasized Yan Xuehai， a professor involved in the study， in a press release.
9.What did the researchers study during the experiment？
A.The mice’s skin healing process.
B.The breakdown of the glass beads.
C.The medical value of the new glass.
D.The glass degradation with less injury to the mice.
10.How do the researchers improve the durability of amino acid glass？
A.Adding more amino acids.
B.Heating the glass and rapidly cooling it.
C.Using special chemical substances.
D.Changing the producing process of glass.
11.What does the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Transformed. B.Melted.
C.Enlarged. D.Produced.
12.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A.A New Kind of Perfect Glass
B.Amino Acids Make Glass Tougher
C.Large-scale Commercial Glass Products
D.Environment-Friendly and Biodegradable Glass
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　There are a lot of chemicals that can cause indoor air pollution. A recent project conducted has found over 900 different substances in our home are related to it. Many researchers have already examined the causes of indoor air pollution. 　13　
　　It has been proved that different kinds of chemicals can be released by building materials and new furniture. Everything from painting and decorating products， bathroom cleaners and beauty products can contain these chemicals. 　14　 For instance， cooking generates a lot of harmful emissions， like frying meat in oil.
　　As a research from Denmark has highlighted， cooking， particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants. 　15　 When exposed to cooking emissions， people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer — causing genetic changes. 　16　 And what can we do with it？
　　As far as cooking emissions are concerned， no one is suggesting switching to takeaways. 　17　 For example， cooking meat at high temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling pasta. Besides， opening windows and using cooker hoods are preferable so that we can enjoy the roasted meat without those undesirable effects.
A.In the long run， these changes lead to cancer.
B.They might also arise from cooking at home.
C.A wide range of sources are under investigation.
D.Therefore， what results from indoor air pollution？
E.However， most of us have ignored their bad effects.
F.So， what are the main contributors to poor air quality？
G.But we can change how we cook to deal with the emissions.
13.　　　　　　14.　　　　　　15.　　　　 16.　　　 17.　　　
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.appetite　2.habitat　3.incident　4.chaos　5.virus　6.decreased
7.collapsed　8.heritage　9.intervention　10.ecology
維度二
1.dramatically　2.conservation　3.departure　4.subsequently
5.Owing　6.ecological　7.explosive　8.trapped
維度三
1.out of control　2.in consequence　3.die out
4.in harmony with　5.once and for all　6.turned out
7.come up with　8.while you are at home alone
維度四
1.which　2.stormy　3.bringing　4.intended　5.were introduced　6.to kill　7.to　8.it　9.solving/to be solved　10.remaining
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章描述了三種大象數量急劇下降的現狀和原因，以及肯尼亞生態學家Paula Kahumbu的組織對保護大象所作的努力。
1.D　段落大意題。根據第二段內容可知，本段主要講述了人類行為對大象產生的影響。
2.C　細節理解題。根據第三段中的That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts， launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife.可知，Kahumbu發起了一項全國的野生動物保護運動。
3.D　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段內容可知，大象正生活在困境當中，生活得很艱難、痛苦，亞洲的大象和人類住的越來越近，說明大象的棲息地正逐漸被人類占領，它們也逐漸失去了自己的棲息地。
4.D　標題歸納題。根據全文內容可知，本文主要描述了三種大象數量急劇下降、瀕臨滅絕的現狀和原因。因此D項適合作文章標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，由于地球變暖，南極的帝企鵝繁殖困難，幼鳥也難以存活。
5.B　推理判斷題。根據第一段內容可知，海洋冰層的減少使帝企鵝的繁殖失敗，而且幼企鵝生存的冰塊也在消失，所以它們的現狀令人擔憂。
6.D　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句可知，幼企鵝還未長出可以保護它們的防水羽毛。
7.D　詞義猜測題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，海上的冰塊會分解成小塊浮冰，幼企鵝會落水溺亡，哪怕爬回浮冰，浸濕的茸毛也會讓它們凍死，因此Fretwell估計大量企鵝會死亡，所以畫線單詞意為“死亡”。
8.B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段Fretwell說的話可知，人類的行為和化石燃料的燃燒導致了帝企鵝的死亡，所以它們的未來取決于人類行為。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國科學院的專家團隊利用氨基酸研制出一種可降解的環保玻璃。
9.D　細節理解題。根據第三段最后一句可知，研究人員在實驗中研究出玻璃降解對小鼠損傷較小。
10.B　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher.可知，研究人員加熱玻璃并迅速冷卻來提高氨基酸玻璃的耐久性。
11.A　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上下文可知，為了克服這一障礙，研究人員使用玻璃制造中應用的加熱-冷卻程序對氨基酸進行化學轉換。故畫線詞意思是“轉換”。
12.D　標題歸納題。文章主要介紹了中國科學院的專家團隊利用氨基酸研制出一種可降解的環保玻璃。由此可知，D項（環保型、可生物降解玻璃）最適合作文章標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了室內空氣污染的原因以及減少這一污染的建議。
13.F　上文提到許多研究人員已經研究了室內空氣污染的原因，故此處主要引出下文空氣質量差的原因。F項（那么，空氣質量差的主要原因是什么？）符合語境。
14.B　根據空后一句可知，烹飪也會導致室內空氣質量差。B項（也可能是由于在家做飯引起的）符合語境。
15.E　上文提到了燒烤晚餐含有許多潛在的有害污染物，由此可推測本句是在說明人們對這一問題的態度。E項（然而，我們大多數人都忽視了它們的不良影響）符合語境。
16.A　根據空前兩句可知，長期接觸烹飪排放物可能會導致基因變化。A項（從長遠來看，這些變化會導致癌癥）符合語境。
17.G　空后的例子表明，改變烹飪方式可以減少有害排放物的產生。G項（但是我們可以改變烹飪方式來解決排放問題）符合語境。
4 / 5Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos① to Conservation②
I am standing on Macquarie Island， in the South-west Pacific Ocean， halfway③ between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt④ its long， thin shape.The green grass and bare⑤ rock of its landscape contrast⑥ dramatically⑦， [1]giving it a wild and natural beauty.[2]No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage⑧ Site.[3]Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants⑨， including royal penguins⑩， king penguins， and elephant seals， existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
　　[1]動詞-ing短語作結果狀語。
[2]句中it作形式賓語，that引導的賓語從句作真正的賓語。
[3]本句為nor置于句首引起的部分倒裝句，其中how引導賓語從句。
But the island’s more recent history tells a different story.[4]It’s a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.These small animals quickly took over the island， [5]eating the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds.Cats were brought to the island [6]to control the rats and mice.Unfortunately， the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds， too.
　　[4]句中that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞story；when引導定語從句，修飾1810。
[5]動詞-ing短語作狀語。
[6]動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
Meanwhile， rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.Loose on the island， they did [7]what rabbits do best — they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes， [8]which caused soil erosion .The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats， meaning that the number of cats also increased.This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeets ， once large in number and native to the island， died out in 1891.
　　[7]what引導賓語從句；破折號后面的內容是對what rabbits do best的解釋說明。
[8]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾整個主句。
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s， the rabbits remained out of control .[9]Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind， a virus was released onto the island.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000， it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in consequence turned their attention — and their stomachs — back to the native birds， [10]killing up to 60，000 each year.In the 1980s， traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.
　　[9]句中it作形式賓語，動詞不定式短語to come up with a plan作真正的賓語；動詞不定式短語to remove all the rabbits from the island作目的狀語。
[10]動詞-ing短語作結果狀語。
But as the saying goes，“While the cat’s away， the mice will play.” With the departure of the cats from the island， the mouse and rat population started to increase.And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits？ [11]It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus， and their numbers exploded once again. Then， in 2006， the rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse ， and killed a substantial number of penguins.[12]This incident made it clear that the rat， mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all .
【讀文清障】
①chaos n.大混亂；紊亂
②conservation n.保護
③halfway adj.中間的，半途的
④sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
⑤bare adj.光禿禿的；荒蕪的
⑥contrast v.對比，對照
⑦dramatically adv.顯著地
⑧heritage n.遺產；傳統
World Heritage Site世界遺產地
⑨inhabitant n.棲居的動物
⑩penguin n.企鵝
in harmony with與……和諧相處，與……協調一致
habitat n.棲息地
tragic adj.悲慘的；不幸的
unknowingly adv.不知不覺地，不經意中
rat n.大老鼠
take over 占領；接管；接任
subsequently adv.后來，隨后
appetite n.胃口，食欲
loose adj.不受約束的；無束縛的
multiply v.（使）大大增加，（使）倍增
vegetation n.植物，草木（總稱）
erosion n.侵蝕
soil erosion土壤侵蝕，水土流失
plentiful adj.大量的；充足的；豐富的
the number of ……的數量
in turn 反過來；結果；輪流；依次
lead to 導致，造成（后果）
parakeet n.長尾（小）鸚鵡
die out 滅絕，逐漸消失
nature reserve自然保護區
out of control 不受控制；失去控制
come up with 想出，提出（計劃、想法等）
virus n.病毒
release v.釋放；排放
decrease v.（使）變小，（使）減少
in consequence 結果，因此
trap n.夾子，陷阱
departure n.離開
turn out原來是；結果是
immunity n.免疫力
explode v.突然增加
collapse v.倒坍；塌下
substantial adj.大量的，多的
incident n.事件
once and for all 徹底地；一勞永逸地
　　So， I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem.The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters.[13]The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species， and that’s where I come in — with my dogs. They have been trained to find every last one， without harming the native animals.This intervention is a long， much-delayed ending to a sad story， but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Postscript ：In 2014， Macquarie Island was declared pest -free and the island’s ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
　　[11]句中It作形式主語，that引導的主語從句作真正的主語。
[12]句中it作形式賓語，that引導的賓語從句作真正的賓語。
[13]句中動詞不定式短語to remove ...作表語；where引導表語從句。
intervention n.干預，介入
owe v.應該做；對……負有……的義務
postscript n.附言
pest n.有害小動物；害蟲
ecology n.生態
【參考譯文】
麥夸里島：從混亂不堪到精心保護
　　我正站在麥夸里島上，這里位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亞和南極洲的中間。強風和驚濤駭浪將海島塑成現在狹長的形狀。綠草和光禿的巖石形成的景觀反差巨大，使海島呈現出一種狂野和天然的美。這座島是聯合國教科文組織確立的世界遺產，游客們都認為其名副其實。他們也不難想象出，數千年來，包括帝企鵝、王企鵝和象海豹在內的當地動物是如何與其自然棲息地完美地和諧共存的。
但是，這座島近些年的遭遇則是截然不同的故事。悲劇從人類1810年來到這座島嶼開始。他們不經意間隨船帶來了大鼠和小鼠。這些小動物很快就占領了島嶼，它們吃鳥蛋并攻擊幼鳥。為控制鼠患，人們帶來了貓，但不幸的是，貓隨后也開始以鳥為食。
與此同時，人們把兔子引進島上作為食物。由于在島上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅長的事——飛快地繁殖，它們開始吃當地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蝕。爆炸式增長的兔子數量給貓提供了充足的食物，這意味著貓的數量也增加了，相應地就有更多貓捕食鳥類。最終結果是，曾經數量眾多的當地物種長尾小鸚鵡在1891年滅絕。
即使在20世紀70年代麥夸里島成為官方自然保護區后，兔子仍然不受控制。專家認為，必須想辦法清除島上所有的兔子。懷著這個目標，人們投放了一種病毒到島上。然而，雖然病毒使得兔子的數量從130，000降到約10，000只，但這也意味著貓的食物變少了。因此，貓把注意力和胃口重新轉向了當地鳥類，每年捕食多達60，000只。20世紀80年代，人們利用捕獵夾和狗來抓貓。2000年，麥夸里島上的最后一只貓被抓。
　　但正如俗語所說：“山中無老虎，猴子稱大王。”貓從島上消失了，小鼠和大鼠的數量便開始增加。還記得那10，000只左右的兔子嗎？它們最終對病毒產生了免疫，數量又一次激增。隨后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，導致大量企鵝死亡。這一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛濫的問題需要一次徹底地解決。
所以，正是為了解決這個問題，我來到麥夸里島上參與一項行動。行動的第一步利用了直升機向島上投放毒藥。下一步是清除最后殘存的入侵物種，這就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。這些狗受訓去尋找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同時又不傷害當地動物。這次干預行動是這場悲劇漫長而屢被貽誤的大結局，但這是我們人類應該做的，我們虧欠這座島嶼一個美好的結局。
附言：2014年，麥夸里島正式宣布已無有害生物，島上的生態環境終于走上了恢復之路。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph？
A.Macquarie Island is beautiful.
B.Macquarie Island has a world-class name.
C.There are lots of penguins on Macquarie Island.
D.It is not easy for people to get to Macquarie Island.
2.How did rats and mice get to Macquarie Island？
A.They were brought to the island by lovers of pets.
B.They swam to the island from Australia.
C.They were brought to the island by accident.
D.They were raised on the island as human food.
3.Why did people bring rabbits to Macquarie Island？
A.To kill the mice on the island.
B.To serve as their food.
C.To remove the grass from the island.
D.To drive away the parakeets.
4.What can we infer from the former methods of controlling invading species？
A.They all brought about some negative effects to the ecosystem.
B.They turned out to be quite successful.
C.The number of rats was under good control.
D.The rabbits developed an appetite for birds.
5.Why does the author come to the island this time？
A.To do some voluntary work.
B.To train his dogs to catch rats.
C.To attend a meeting on the island.
D.To control the invading species.
第三步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What’s your opinion about invading species？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.How could similar situations be avoided in the future？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：品語言妙筆生輝
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the environment.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the famous saying to show the relationship between cats and mice.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1.Loose on the island， they did what rabbits do best — they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes， which caused soil erosion.
句式分析 句中形容詞短語Loose on the island作　　　　，what引導　　　　從句；which引導　　　　　　從句，修飾前面整句話。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species， and that’s where I come in — with my dogs.
句式分析 本句為and連接的并列句。在前面的分句中，動詞不定式短語作　　　　；后面的分句中，where引導　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
appetite n.胃口，食欲；欲望
【教材原句】　Unfortunately， the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds， too.
不幸的是，貓隨后也開始以鳥為食。
【用法】
spoil one’s appetite　　　 影響某人的胃口
ruin one’s appetite 破壞某人的食欲
have an appetite for ... 喜歡……
lose one’s appetite 沒有食欲
develop an appetite for 對……產生食欲；培養對……的愛好
have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/沒有胃口
【佳句】　You’ll lose your appetite if you take too much snack.
如果你吃太多零食，你就會沒有食欲。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Learning that you have an appetite 　　　　Chinese history， I want to share the books with you.
②He had 　　　　good appetite and ate up a huge amount of food in a short time.
③If you eat a lot of chocolates before supper，it 　　　　　　（spoil） your appetite.
【寫美】　補全句子
④我認為你應該培養對中國文化的興趣，這對你的中文學習有幫助。（建議信）
I think you should 　　　　　　　　Chinese culture， which is helpful to your Chinese study.
multiply v.（使）大大增加，（使）倍增；乘；（使）繁殖
【教材原句】　Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best — they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes， which caused soil erosion.
由于在島上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅長的事——飛快地繁殖，它們開始吃當地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蝕。
【用法】
（1）multiply A and B together　　 A和B相乘
...multiplied by ...is ... ……乘以……等于……
（2）multiple adj. 多種多樣的
（3）multiplicity n. 多樣性；多種多樣
【佳句】　Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.
吸煙會增加心臟病發作和其他健康問題的風險。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The driver of the crashed car received 　　　　　　　　（multiply） injuries.
②There is a 　　　　　　（multiply） of fashion magazines for students of different ages to choose from.
③5 　　　　　　（multiply） by 6 is 30.
【寫美】　補全句子
④2和9相乘，你可以得出18。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and you get 18.
decrease v.（使）變小，（使）減少 n.減少，降低；減少量
【教材原句】　But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000， it also meant less food for the cats.
然而，雖然病毒使得兔子的數量從130，000降到約10，000只，但這也意味著貓的食物變少了。
【用法】
（1）decrease in sth　　　　 在某方面降低，減少
decrease from ...to ... 從……減少到……
decrease to ... 減少到……
decrease by ... 減少了……
（2）on the decrease 在減少中
【佳句】　From the activity， I have learnt that at present the environment is being destroyed because of people’s activities， which causes a decrease of wildlife.
從這次活動中，我了解到，目前由于人類活動，環境正在遭到破壞，導致野生動物數量減少。（野生動物保護）
【聯想】　on the decrease的同義短語為on the decline，反義短語為on the increase。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The number of specialists of the province has decreased 　　　　one hundred so far.
②As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins may be in danger of disappearing，the number of which has decreased 　　　　30% since 1987.
③Through the 20th century，forested area in the Philippines decreased 　　　　70 per cent to 20 per cent.
【寫美】　補全句子
④幸運的是，騎自行車違反交通信號燈的人數正在減少。
Fortunately，the number of cyclists running against traffic lights is 　　　　　　　　　.
trap n.夾子，陷阱 v.使陷入困境；卡住，夾住；使陷入圈套，使中計
【教材原句】　In the 1980s， traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.
20世紀80年代，人們利用捕獵夾和狗來抓貓。
【用法】
（1）fall into the trap of doing sth　　落入做某事的圈套
fall/walk into a trap 掉進陷阱
set/lay a trap for ... 為……設圈套/陷阱
（2）trap sb into （doing） sth 使某人陷入（做）某事的圈套；使某人中計
be/get trapped in ... 被困在……中
【佳句】　They were trapped in the mountain waiting to be rescued.
他們被困在山上，等待救援。
【聯想】　表示“被困在……中”的短語還有：
be/get locked in　　be/get caught in
be/get stuck in be/get blocked in
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Some days later， the lion fell 　　　　　　a trap and tried to get out of it，but in vain.
②I sensed that I was trapped 　　　　accepting the unreasonable compensation terms.
③People used to set traps 　　　　racoons’ fur，which caused their population to decrease dramatically.
【寫美】　一句多譯
④如果被困在電梯里，請立即按緊急按鈕。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， please press the emergency button immediately.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， please press the emergency button immediately.
turn out 結果是；證明是；出席（某項活動），在場；生產，制造；關掉
【教材原句】　It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again. 它們最終對病毒產生了免疫，數量又一次激增。
【用法】
turn over　翻過來，翻轉
turn in 轉身進入；交出，上交
turn to （向某人）求助；注意；翻到（……頁）
turn down 調小（煤氣等），調低（收音機等的聲音）；拒絕
turn up 出現，到達；調大（音量或熱度），增加；找到，發現
turn around （使）翻身，轉身，翻轉
【佳句】　It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress， lower blood pressure， and put people into a better mood.
事實證明，僅僅看正在生長的綠植就可以減輕壓力，降低血壓，讓人心情更好。
【練透】　語境辨義
①Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you leave. 　　　　　
②The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting. 　　　　　
③The factory turned out twice as many TV sets this year as last year. 　　　　　
【寫美】　語段填空
④結果我的提議不符合公司的要求而被拒絕了。因此，我別無選擇只能向你尋求一些幫助。（求助信）
It 　　　　　　that my proposal didn’t meet the company’s requirements and it got 　　　　　　.So I have no choice but to 　　　　　you for some assistance.
participate vi.參加，參與
【教材原句】　So， I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem. 所以，正是為了解決這個問題，我來到麥夸里島上參與一項行動。
【用法】
（1）participate （with sb） in （doing） sth 與（某人）共同參與（做）某事
（2）participant n. 參加者；參與者
participation n. 參加；參與
【佳句】　The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC. During the early Games， only Greek men were allowed to participate.
古代奧林匹克運動會始于公元前776年。早期的奧運會只允許希臘男性參賽。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①As far as I know， he has been an active 　　　　　　（participate） in the discussion.
②Please confirm your 　　　　（participate） at your earliest convenience.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③我寫信真誠地邀請你與我們一起參加這個活動。（邀請信）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
owe v.應該做；對……負有……的義務；欠（賬、錢、人情等）；歸因于，歸功于
【教材原句】　This intervention is a long， much-delayed ending to a sad story， but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 這次干預行動是這場悲劇漫長而屢被貽誤的大結局，但這是我們人類應該做的，我們虧欠這座島嶼一個美好的結局。
【用法】
（1）owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb　欠某人某物
owe ...to ...　　　　 把……歸功于……
owe it to sb to do sth 應該為某人做某事
owe it to sb that ... 將……歸功于某人
（2）owing adj.　　 未付的，欠著的
owing to 因為，由于
【佳句】　Bernard owed it to the so kind family that he could earn some money to help his poor family. 伯納德將自己能掙些錢來幫助他的貧困家庭歸功于這么好心的一家人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①These early settlers owed their survival 　　　　hard work and determination to succeed.
②I owe 　　　　to you， my dear teacher， that I can make so much progress.
【寫美】　補全句子
③因為一位不速之客，我不能陪你去書店了。所以我應向你道歉。（道歉信）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，I can’t accompany you to the bookstore.So 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
否定詞置于句首的部分倒裝
【教材原句】　Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins， and elephant seals， existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他們也不難想象出，數千年來，包括帝企鵝、王企鵝和象海豹在內的當地動物是如何與其自然棲息地完美地和諧共存的。
【用法】
（1）該句是否定詞nor置于句首的部分倒裝句，即把謂語動詞的一部分（助動詞、情態動詞或be動詞）提到主語之前。
（2）這樣的否定詞或短語有：
全部否定意義副詞：never/not/neither/nor/nowhere
部分否定意義副詞：hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little
“絕不”短語：at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no condition/on no account
【品悟】　Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist activities in the rural districts. 直到最近，他們才鼓勵在農村地區發展旅游活動。
【寫美】　同義句轉換/微寫作
①He had no idea， and he didn’t know whom he could turn to for help， either.
→He had no idea，and nor 　　　　　　　　whom he could turn to for help.
②自從五年前我見到她以來，我從未見過一件事使她如此沮喪。
Never 　　　　　　　　an incident which made her so disheartened since I met her five years ago.
③我的英語說得不正確，也說得不流利。我很少有勇氣用英語和別人交流。（求助信）
Neither do I speak English correctly 　　　　fluent in English.Rarely 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in English.
句型公式：while引導時間狀語從句
【教材原句】　But as the saying goes， “While the cat’s away， the mice will play.”
但正如俗語所說：“山中無老虎，猴子稱大王。”
【用法】
（1）while引導時間狀語從句，從句謂語必須用延續性動詞，意為“當……的時候”。
（2）while引導讓步狀語從句，多位于句首，意為“盡管，雖然”。
（3）while引導條件狀語從句，意為“只要”。
（4）while表示對比或轉折，意為“而，然而”。
【品悟】　While I was in London， you helped me adapt to the new surroundings as soon as possible and I can’t thank you enough.
當我在倫敦的時候，你幫助我盡快地適應了新環境，我真是太感謝你了。（感謝信）
【寫美】　補全句子
①盡管網絡學習證明是有用的，但也存在一些缺點。（發言稿）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， there exist some disadvantages.
②在學校，一些學生很活躍而另一些學生很靦腆。然而他們可以彼此成為好朋友。
At school， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. However， they can become good friends with each other.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.introduction　2.brought　3.introduced　4.departure
5.remove　6.recovery
第二步
1－5　ACBAD
第三步
1.I think it is a phenomenon caused by human behavior.It will cause great harm to the native species and it can be hard to remove.
2.We should protect the natural ecosystem and be aware of the potential impact that human activities can have on ecosystems.
第四步
1.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long， thin shape.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically， giving it a wild and natural beauty.
2.While the cat’s away， the mice will play.
第五步
1.原因狀語　賓語　非限制性定語
由于在島上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅長的事——飛快地繁殖，它們開始吃當地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蝕。
2.表語　表語從句
下一步是清除最后殘存的入侵物種，這就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①for　②a　③will spoil　④develop an appetite for
2.①multiple　②multiplicity　③multiplied
④Multiply 2 and 9 together
3.①to　②by　③from　④on the decrease
4.①into　②into　③for　④If trapped in the elevator； Trapped in the elevator
5.①關掉　②出席　③生產　④turned out； turned down； turn to
6.①participant　②participation　③I am writing to sincerely invite you to participate with us in the activity.
7.①to　②it　③Owing to an unexpected visitor； I owe you an apology
重點句型解構
1.①did he know　②have I seen　③nor am I； do I have the courage to communicate with others
2.①While online learning proves useful
②some students are active while others are shy
10 / 10(共110張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos① to Conservation②
I am standing on Macquarie Island， in the South-west Pacific
Ocean， halfway③ between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and
stormy seas have helped sculpt④ its long， thin shape.The green grass and
bare⑤ rock of its landscape contrast⑥ dramatically⑦， [1]giving it a wild
and natural beauty.[2]No visitor would think it surprising that the island
is a UNESCO World Heritage⑧ Site.[3]Nor would they fail to imagine
how its native inhabitants⑨， including royal penguins⑩， king
penguins， and elephant seals， existed in perfect harmony with their
natural habitat for thousands of years.
　　[1]動詞-ing短語作結果狀語。
[2]句中it作形式賓語，that引導的賓語從句作真正的賓語。
[3]本句為nor置于句首引起的部分倒裝句，其中how引導賓
語從句。
【讀文清障】
①chaos n.大混亂；紊亂
②conservation n.保護
③halfway adj.中間的，半途的
④sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
⑤bare adj.光禿禿的；荒蕪的
⑥contrast v.對比，對照
⑦dramatically adv.顯著地
⑧heritage n.遺產；傳統
World Heritage Site世界遺產地
⑨inhabitant n.棲居的動物
⑩penguin n.企鵝
in harmony with與……和諧相處，與……協調一致
habitat n.棲息地
But the island’s more recent history tells a different story.[4]It’s a
tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In
their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.These small
animals quickly took over the island， [5]eating the birds’ eggs and
attacking baby birds.Cats were brought to the island [6]to control the rats
and mice.Unfortunately， the cats subsequently developed an appetite
for the birds， too.
　　[4]句中that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞story；when引導定語從句，修飾1810。
[5]動詞-ing短語作狀語。
[6]動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
tragic adj.悲慘的；不幸的
unknowingly adv.不知不覺地，不經意中
rat n.大老鼠
take over 占領；接管；接任
subsequently adv.后來，隨后
appetite n.胃口，食欲
Meanwhile， rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food
for humans.Loose on the island， they did [7]what rabbits do best —
they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and
digging holes， [8]which caused soil erosion .The exploding rabbit
population provided plentiful food for the cats， meaning that the
number of cats also increased.This in turn led to more cats hunting
the birds.The end result was that parakeets ， once large in number and
native to the island， died out in 1891.
　　[7]what引導賓語從句；破折號后面的內容是對what rabbits do
best的解釋說明。
[8]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾整個主句。
loose adj.不受約束的；無束縛的
multiply v.（使）大大增加，（使）倍增
vegetation n.植物，草木（總稱）
erosion n.侵蝕
soil erosion土壤侵蝕，水土流失
plentiful adj.大量的；充足的；豐富的
the number of ……的數量
in turn 反過來；結果；輪流；依次
lead to 導致，造成（后果）
parakeet n.長尾（小）鸚鵡
die out 滅絕，逐漸消失
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the
1970s， the rabbits remained out of control .[9]Experts felt it necessary
to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With
this goal in mind， a virus was released onto the island.But although
the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to
around 10，000， it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in
consequence turned their attention — and their stomachs — back to the
native birds， [10]killing up to 60，000 each year.In the 1980s， traps
and dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was
caught in 2000.
　　[9]句中it作形式賓語，動詞不定式短語to come up with a plan作
真正的賓語；動詞不定式短語to remove all the rabbits from the island
作目的狀語。
[10]動詞-ing短語作結果狀語。
nature reserve自然保護區
out of control 不受控制；失去控制
come up with 想出，提出（計劃、想法等）
virus n.病毒
release v.釋放；排放
decrease v.（使）變小，（使）減少
in consequence 結果，因此
trap n.夾子，陷阱
But as the saying goes，“While the cat’s away， the mice will
play.” With the departure of the cats from the island， the mouse and
rat population started to increase.And remember those 10，000 or so
rabbits？ [11]It turned out that they developed an immunity to the
virus， and their numbers exploded once again. Then， in 2006， the
rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse ， and killed a substantial
number of penguins.[12]This incident made it clear that the rat，
mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all .
　　[11]句中It作形式主語，that引導的主語從句作真正的主語。
[12]句中it作形式賓語，that引導的賓語從句作真正的賓語。
departure n.離開
turn out原來是；結果是
immunity n.免疫力
explode v.突然增加
collapse v.倒坍；塌下
substantial adj.大量的，多的
incident n.事件
once and for all 徹底地；一勞永逸地
So， I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme
to tackle this very problem.The first step involved poison being dropped
from helicopters.[13]The next step is to remove the last remaining
invading species， and that’s where I come in — with my dogs. They
have been trained to find every last one， without harming the native
animals.This intervention is a long， much-delayed ending to a sad
story， but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
　　Postscript ：In 2014， Macquarie Island was declared pest -free
and the island’s ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
[13]句中動詞不定式短語to remove ...作表語；where引導表語
從句。
intervention n.干預，介入
owe v.應該做；對……負有……的義務
postscript n.附言
pest n.有害小動物；害蟲
ecology n.生態
【參考譯文】
麥夸里島：從混亂不堪到精心保護
　　我正站在麥夸里島上，這里位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亞和南
極洲的中間。強風和驚濤駭浪將海島塑成現在狹長的形狀。綠草和光
禿的巖石形成的景觀反差巨大，使海島呈現出一種狂野和天然的美。
這座島是聯合國教科文組織確立的世界遺產，游客們都認為其名副其
實。他們也不難想象出，數千年來，包括帝企鵝、王企鵝和象海豹在
內的當地動物是如何與其自然棲息地完美地和諧共存的。
但是，這座島近些年的遭遇則是截然不同的故事。悲劇從人類
1810年來到這座島嶼開始。他們不經意間隨船帶來了大鼠和小鼠。這
些小動物很快就占領了島嶼，它們吃鳥蛋并攻擊幼鳥。為控制鼠患，
人們帶來了貓，但不幸的是，貓隨后也開始以鳥為食。
與此同時，人們把兔子引進島上作為食物。由于在島上放任其生
存，兔子做了自己最擅長的事——飛快地繁殖，它們開始吃當地植被
并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蝕。爆炸式增長的兔子數量給貓提供了充足的
食物，這意味著貓的數量也增加了，相應地就有更多貓捕食鳥類。最
終結果是，曾經數量眾多的當地物種長尾小鸚鵡在1891年滅絕。
即使在20世紀70年代麥夸里島成為官方自然保護區后，兔子仍然
不受控制。專家認為，必須想辦法清除島上所有的兔子。懷著這個目
標，人們投放了一種病毒到島上。然而，雖然病毒使得兔子的數量從
130，000降到約10，000只，但這也意味著貓的食物變少了。因此，
貓把注意力和胃口重新轉向了當地鳥類，每年捕食多達60，000只。
20世紀80年代，人們利用捕獵夾和狗來抓貓。2000年，麥夸里島上的
最后一只貓被抓。
　　但正如俗語所說：“山中無老虎，猴子稱大王。”貓從島上消失
了，小鼠和大鼠的數量便開始增加。還記得那10，000只左右的兔子
嗎？它們最終對病毒產生了免疫，數量又一次激增。隨后，在2006
年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，導致大量企鵝死亡。這一事件清
楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛濫的問題需要一次徹底地解決。
所以，正是為了解決這個問題，我來到麥夸里島上參與一項行
動。行動的第一步利用了直升機向島上投放毒藥。下一步是清除最后
殘存的入侵物種，這就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。這些狗受訓
去尋找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同時又不傷害當地動物。這次干預
行動是這場悲劇漫長而屢被貽誤的大結局，但這是我們人類應該做
的，我們虧欠這座島嶼一個美好的結局。
附言：2014年，麥夸里島正式宣布已無有害生物，島上的生態環
境終于走上了恢復之路。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph？
A. Macquarie Island is beautiful.
B. Macquarie Island has a world-class name.
C. There are lots of penguins on Macquarie Island.
D. It is not easy for people to get to Macquarie Island.
2. How did rats and mice get to Macquarie Island？
A. They were brought to the island by lovers of pets.
B. They swam to the island from Australia.
C. They were brought to the island by accident.
D. They were raised on the island as human food.
3. Why did people bring rabbits to Macquarie Island？
A. To kill the mice on the island.
B. To serve as their food.
C. To remove the grass from the island.
D. To drive away the parakeets.
4. What can we infer from the former methods of controlling invading
species？
A. They all brought about some negative effects to the ecosystem.
B. They turned out to be quite successful.
C. The number of rats was under good control.
D. The rabbits developed an appetite for birds.
5. Why does the author come to the island this time？
A. To do some voluntary work.
B. To train his dogs to catch rats.
C. To attend a meeting on the island.
D. To control the invading species.
第三步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What’s your opinion about invading species？


2. How could similar situations be avoided in the future？


　I think it is a phenomenon caused by human behavior.It will cause
great harm to the native species and it can be hard to remove.　
　We should protect the natural ecosystem and be aware of the potential
impact that human activities can have on ecosystems.　
第四步：品語言妙筆生輝
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the
environment.



2. Read the passage carefully and find the famous saying to show the
relationship between cats and mice.

　Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long， thin
shape.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast
dramatically， giving it a wild and natural beauty.　
While the cat’s away， the mice will play.　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1. Loose on the island， they did what rabbits do best — they multiplied
rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，
which caused soil erosion.
句式分析 句中形容詞短語Loose on the island作 ，what
引導 從句；which引導 從句，修飾前面
整句話。
自主翻譯

原因狀語　
賓語　
非限制性定語　
由于在島上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅長的事—
—飛快地繁殖，它們開始吃當地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蝕。　
2. The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species， and
that’s where I come in — with my dogs.
句式分析 本句為and連接的并列句。在前面的分句中，動詞不定式
短語作 ；后面的分句中，where引導 。
自主翻譯

表語　
表語從句　
下一步是清除最后殘存的入侵物種，這就是我的工作
了——和我的狗一起。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
appetite n.胃口，食欲；欲望
【教材原句】　Unfortunately， the cats subsequently developed an
appetite for the birds， too.
不幸的是，貓隨后也開始以鳥為食。
【用法】
spoil one’s appetite　　　影響某人的胃口
ruin one’s appetite　　破壞某人的食欲
have an appetite for ...　　喜歡……
lose one’s appetite　　沒有食欲
develop an appetite for　　對……產生食欲；培養對……的愛好
have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/沒有胃口
【佳句】　You’ll lose your appetite if you take too much snack.
如果你吃太多零食，你就會沒有食欲。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Learning that you have an appetite Chinese history， I want to
share the books with you.
②He had good appetite and ate up a huge amount of food in a short
time.
③If you eat a lot of chocolates before supper，it （spoil）
your appetite.
for　
a　
will spoil　
【寫美】　補全句子
④我認為你應該培養對中國文化的興趣，這對你的中文學習有幫助。
（建議信）
I think you should Chinese culture， which is
helpful to your Chinese study.
develop an appetite for　
multiply v.（使）大大增加，（使）倍增；乘；（使）繁殖
【教材原句】　Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best —
they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging
holes， which caused soil erosion.
由于在島上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅長的事——飛快地繁殖，
它們開始吃當地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蝕。
【用法】
（1）multiply A and B together　A和B相乘
...multiplied by ...is ...　　……乘以……等于……
（2）multiple adj.　　多種多樣的
（3）multiplicity n.　　多樣性；多種多樣
【佳句】　Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health
problems.
吸煙會增加心臟病發作和其他健康問題的風險。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The driver of the crashed car received （multiply）
injuries.
②There is a （multiply） of fashion magazines for
students of different ages to choose from.
③5 （multiply） by 6 is 30.
multiple　
multiplicity　
multiplied　
【寫美】　補全句子
④2和9相乘，你可以得出18。
and you get 18.
Multiply 2 and 9 together　
decrease v.（使）變小，（使）減少 n.減少，降低；減少量
【教材原句】　But although the virus caused the rabbit population to
decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000， it also meant less food for
the cats.
然而，雖然病毒使得兔子的數量從130，000降到約10，000只，但這
也意味著貓的食物變少了。
【用法】
（1）decrease in sth　　在某方面降低，減少
decrease from ...to ...　　從……減少到……
decrease to ...　　減少到……
decrease by ...　　減少了……
（2）on the decrease　　在減少中
從這次活動中，我了解到，目前由于人類活動，環境正在遭到破壞，
導致野生動物數量減少。（野生動物保護）
【聯想】　on the decrease的同義短語為on the decline，反義短語為on
the increase。
【佳句】　From the activity， I have learnt that at present the
environment is being destroyed because of people’s activities， which
causes a decrease of wildlife.
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The number of specialists of the province has decreased one
hundred so far.
②As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins may be in danger of
disappearing，the number of which has decreased 30% since
1987.
③Through the 20th century，forested area in the Philippines
decreased 70 per cent to 20 per cent.
to　
by　
from　
【寫美】　補全句子
④幸運的是，騎自行車違反交通信號燈的人數正在減少。
Fortunately，the number of cyclists running against traffic lights is
.
on
the decrease　
trap n.夾子，陷阱 v.使陷入困境；卡住，夾住；使陷入圈套，使中
計
【教材原句】　In the 1980s， traps and dogs were used to catch the
cats.
20世紀80年代，人們利用捕獵夾和狗來抓貓。
【用法】
（1）fall into the trap of doing sth　 落入做某事的圈套
fall/walk into a trap　　掉進陷阱
set/lay a trap for ...　　為……設圈套/陷阱
（2）trap sb into （doing） sth　　
使某人陷入（做）某事的圈套；使某人中計
be/get trapped in ...　　被困在……中
【聯想】　表示“被困在……中”的短語還有：
be/get locked in be/get caught in
be/get stuck in be/get blocked in
【佳句】　They were trapped in the mountain waiting to be rescued.
他們被困在山上，等待救援。
【練透】 單句語法填空
①Some days later， the lion fell a trap and tried to get out of it，but in vain.
②I sensed that I was trapped accepting the unreasonable compensation terms.
③People used to set traps racoons’ fur，which caused their population to decrease dramatically.
into　
into　
for
【寫美】　一句多譯
④如果被困在電梯里，請立即按緊急按鈕。
→ ， please press the emergency button
immediately.
→ ， please press the emergency button
immediately.
If trapped in the elevator　
Trapped in the elevator　
turn out 結果是；證明是；出席（某項活動），在場；生產，制
造；關掉
【教材原句】　It turned out that they developed an immunity to the
virus，and their numbers exploded once again. 它們最終對病毒產生了
免疫，數量又一次激增。
【用法】
turn over　　翻過來，翻轉
turn in　　轉身進入；交出，上交
turn to　　（向某人）求助；注意；翻到（……頁）
turn down　　調小（煤氣等），調低（收音機等的聲音）；拒絕
turn up　　出現，到達；調大（音量或熱度），增加；找到，發現
turn around　　（使）翻身，轉身，翻轉
【佳句】　It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can
reduce stress， lower blood pressure， and put people into a better mood.
事實證明，僅僅看正在生長的綠植就可以減輕壓力，降低血壓，讓人
心情更好。
【練透】　語境辨義
①Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you
leave.
②The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting.

③The factory turned out twice as many TV sets this year as last year.

關掉　
出席　
生產　
【寫美】　語段填空
④結果我的提議不符合公司的要求而被拒絕了。因此，我別無選擇只
能向你尋求一些幫助。（求助信）
It that my proposal didn’t meet the company’s
requirements and it got .So I have no choice but to
you for some assistance.
turned out　
turned down　
turn
to　
participate vi.參加，參與
【教材原句】　So， I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the
programme to tackle this very problem. 所以，正是為了解決這個問
題，我來到麥夸里島上參與一項行動。
【用法】
（1）participate （with sb） in （doing） sth 與（某人）共同參與
（做）某事
（2）participant n.　　參加者；參與者
participation n.　　參加；參與
【佳句】　The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC.
During the early Games， only Greek men were allowed to participate.
古代奧林匹克運動會始于公元前776年。早期的奧運會只允許希臘男
性參賽。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①As far as I know， he has been an active
（participate） in the discussion.
②Please confirm your （participate） at your earliest
convenience.
participant　
participation　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③我寫信真誠地邀請你與我們一起參加這個活動。（邀請信）


　I am writing to sincerely invite you to participate with us in the
activity.　
owe v.應該做；對……負有……的義務；欠（賬、錢、人情等）；
歸因于，歸功于
【教材原句】　This intervention is a long， much-delayed ending to a
sad story， but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
這次干預行動是這場悲劇漫長而屢被貽誤的大結局，但這是我們人類
應該做的，我們虧欠這座島嶼一個美好的結局。
【用法】
（1）owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb　欠某人某物
owe ...to ...　　把……歸功于……
owe it to sb to do sth　　應該為某人做某事
owe it to sb that ...　　將……歸功于某人
（2）owing adj.　　未付的，欠著的
owing to　　因為，由于
【佳句】　Bernard owed it to the so kind family that he could earn
some money to help his poor family.
伯納德將自己能掙些錢來幫助他的貧困家庭歸功于這么好心的一
家人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①These early settlers owed their survival hard work and
determination to succeed.
②I owe to you， my dear teacher， that I can make so much
progress.
to　
it　
【寫美】　補全句子
③因為一位不速之客，我不能陪你去書店了。所以我應向你道歉。
（道歉信）
，I can’t accompany you to the
bookstore.So .
Owing to an unexpected visitor　
I owe you an apology　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
否定詞置于句首的部分倒裝
【教材原句】　Nor would they fail to imagine how its native
inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins， and elephant
seals， existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands
of years.
他們也不難想象出，數千年來，包括帝企鵝、王企鵝和象海豹在內的
當地動物是如何與其自然棲息地完美地和諧共存的。
【用法】
（1）該句是否定詞nor置于句首的部分倒裝句，即把謂語動詞的一
部分（助動詞、情態動詞或be動詞）提到主語之前。
（2）這樣的否定詞或短語有：
全部否定意義副詞：never/not/neither/nor/nowhere
部分否定意義副詞：hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little
“絕不”短語：at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no
condition/on no account
【品悟】　Not until recently did they encourage the development of
tourist activities in the rural districts.
直到最近，他們才鼓勵在農村地區發展旅游活動。
【寫美】　同義句轉換/微寫作
①He had no idea， and he didn’t know whom he could turn to for
help， either.
→He had no idea，and nor whom he could turn to for
help.
did he know　
②自從五年前我見到她以來，我從未見過一件事使她如此沮喪。
Never an incident which made her so disheartened since I
met her five years ago.
have I seen　
③我的英語說得不正確，也說得不流利。我很少有勇氣用英語和別人
交流。（求助信）
Neither do I speak English correctly fluent in
English.Rarely in
English.
nor am I　
do I have the courage to communicate with others　
句型公式：while引導時間狀語從句
【教材原句】　But as the saying goes， “While the cat’s away， the
mice will play.”
但正如俗語所說：“山中無老虎，猴子稱大王。”
【用法】
（1）while引導時間狀語從句，從句謂語必須用延續性動詞，意為
“當……的時候”。
（2）while引導讓步狀語從句，多位于句首，意為“盡管，雖然”。
（3）while引導條件狀語從句，意為“只要”。
（4）while表示對比或轉折，意為“而，然而”。
【品悟】　While I was in London， you helped me adapt to the new
surroundings as soon as possible and I can’t thank you enough.
當我在倫敦的時候，你幫助我盡快地適應了新環境，我真是太感謝你
了。（感謝信）
【寫美】　補全句子
①盡管網絡學習證明是有用的，但也存在一些缺點。（發言稿）
， there exist some
disadvantages.
②在學校，一些學生很活躍而另一些學生很靦腆。然而他們可以彼此
成為好朋友。
At school， .
However， they can become good friends with each other.
While online learning proves useful　
some students are active while others are shy　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. You had better not eat dessert before lunch because it will spoil
your （胃口）.
2. It’s reported that this bamboo forest is an important （棲
息地） for the giant pandas.
3. It’s not clear whether the （事件） was an accident or
not.
appetite　
habitat　
incident　
4. The unexpected storms caused traffic （大混亂） across the
whole city.
5. The young healthy volunteers will be exposed to the （病
毒） in order to test vaccines in a controlled environment.
6. The number of new students （減少） from 210 to 160
last year.
7. The roof of the house c under the weight of the fallen snow.
8. People are gradually realizing the importance of preserving cultural
h .
chaos　
virus　
decreased　
ollapsed　
eritage　
9. It is suggested that parents should reduce their i to
children.
10. Pollution has had a disastrous effect on the e of that region.
ntervention　
cology　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. These data show that tourism has improved
（dramatic） compared with other industries.
2. It was after I attended a speech given by Professor Li that I became
interested in wildlife （conserve）.
3. I decide to invite Lily to have dinner with my family before
her （depart） for Paris.
4. They （subsequent） heard that he left the country
after working there for 5 years.
dramatically　
conservation　
departure　
subsequently　
5. （owe） to lack of experience we took a roundabout
course in our work.
6. Economic development should not be achieved at the expense of
the （ecology） environment.
7. He owes his success to the （explode） growth of the
export market.
8. The ice there has become a window on the past with gases and
minerals （trap） in it.
Owing　
ecological　
explosive　
trapped　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. The plane got （失控） and crashed into the sea
finally.
2. His death was totally unexpected and， （因
此）， no plans had been made for his replacement.
3. Those species which cannot adapt to the changing conditions may
（滅絕）.
4. Humans should preserve biodiversity to protect nature and live
（與……和諧相處） it.
out of control　
in consequence　
die
out　
in
harmony with　
5. We need to settle this problem today （徹底地）
because we have to do new tasks tomorrow.
6. Eventually the painting （結果是） to be a genuine Qi
Baishi after identification.
7. What’s more， we can （提出） our own ideas
and learn more through discussion.
8. Imagine singing together with hundreds of other people
（當你獨自在家時）.
once and for all　
turned out　
come up with　
while you are
at home alone　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Macquarie Island takes on a long， thin shape， 1. is
because of strong winds and 2. （storm） seas.It is a
UNESCO World Heritage Site.Its native inhabitants existed in perfect
harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.In 1810，
humans arrived on the island with rats and mice unknowingly.These
animals quickly took over the island， 3. （bring） disasters to birds.Unfortunately， cats 4. （intend） to control rats and mice developed an appetite for birds，too.Later，rabbits
which　
stormy　
bringing　
intended　
5. （introduce） but they led to greater damage to the island.Experts came up with a plan to release a virus 6. （kill） the rabbits，but afterwards，they developed an immunity 7. the virus， and their number exploded once again.This incident made 8. clear that the rat， mouse and rabbit problem needed 9. （solve）
once and for all.I am here to tackle this problem.I brought trained dogs to remove the last 10. （remain） invading species.I think we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
were introduced　
to kill　
to　
it　
solving/to be solved　
remaining　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　“THEY’RE ALL IN TROUBLE，” says Kenyan ecologist Paula
Kahumbu. “All elephants are in major， major trouble.”
　　Populations of the three species have declined： savanna （熱帶草
原） elephants， forest elephants， and the smaller-eared Asian
elephants. And we’re to blame. We’ve expanded into elephant
territory， building homes and roads， cutting down forests and planting
crops. Besides， with the rise of poaching （偷獵）， the number of
elephants has decreased and became dangerously low in the past five
decades.
　 “Poaching doesn’t just destroy animals，” says Kahumbu， “it
gradually weakens society.” That’s why her organization monitored
poaching cases in Kenyan courts， launched a campaign called Hands Off
Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife.
Kahumbu’s goal is noble and urgent： to change “the whole national
awareness about conservation”.
　　Now， she’s taking her message to an international stage with
Secrets of the Elephants， a four-part series on National Geographic. It
explores the hidden lives of elephants in four habitats — Asia， plus
African forests， deserts， and savannas — as well as the people who are
racing to save the animals.
　　“We kind of know what they need， but we aren’t always generous
enough.” Secrets of the Elephants， she hopes， will familiarize people
with the wildlife that lives among them.
　　While making the series， the difficult situation of some elephants
shocked her. “You look at their faces and they look so sad，” she says.
She particularly noticed this in Asia， where Asian elephants and people
live in increasingly close distance.
　　“Despite decades of research into African elephants， much
research into Asian elephants has fallen behind — which is why our
programme in the following pages will focus on this species，” she adds.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章描述了三種大象數量急劇下降
的現狀和原因，以及肯尼亞生態學家Paula Kahumbu的組織對保護大
象所作的努力。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章描述了三種大象數量急劇下降
的現狀和原因，以及肯尼亞生態學家Paula Kahumbu的組織對保護大
象所作的努力。
1. What does Paragraph 2 focus on？
A. The features of three species of elephants.
B. The different situations of the elephants.
C. The causes for the decrease of the elephants.
D. The impact of human behaviors on elephants.
解析：　段落大意題。根據第二段內容可知，本段主要講述了人
類行為對大象產生的影響。
2. What did Kahumbu do？
A. She monitored poachers hunting elephants.
B. She filmed a feature about elephants.
C. She started a national wildlife protection movement.
D. She changed people’s awareness of wildlife protection.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts， launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife.可知，Kahumbu發起了一項全國的野生動物保護運動。
3. What can be inferred about the Asian elephants？
A. They like to get close to humans.
B. They are almost ignored by experts.
C. They remain mysterious to humans.
D. They are gradually losing their habitats.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段內容可知，大象正生活在
困境當中，生活得很艱難、痛苦，亞洲的大象和人類住的越來越
近，說明大象的棲息地正逐漸被人類占領，它們也逐漸失去了自己
的棲息地。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text？
A. Take Action： Stop Poaching
B. Film Series： Secrets of the Elephants
C. Paula Kahumbu： A Brave Kenyan Ecologist
D. Endangered： Three Species of Elephants
解析：　標題歸納題。根據全文內容可知，本文主要描述了三種
大象數量急劇下降、瀕臨滅絕的現狀和原因。因此D項適合作文章
標題。
B
　　Thousands of emperor penguin chicks across four colonies in
Antarctica are believed to have died because of record-low sea ice levels
that caused a catastrophic breeding （繁殖） failure in late 2022，
according to new research.
　　Analysis of satellite images showed the break-up of the stable sea ice
and the disappearance of the colonies at a time when chicks had not yet
grown their waterproof feathers. Scientists have said emperor penguins
face an uncertain future under global heating because they are so
dependent on sea ice.
　　The research said that the breeding failures in the Bellingshausen Sea
never happened before， as it was the first time multiple colonies across a
large region had all failed in a single season. “It’s a worrying story，”
said Dr Peter Fretwell， a researcher with the British Antarctic Survey and
the lead author of the research. “The sea ice loss has been far quicker
than we imagined.” Many parts of the region had near-total loss of sea
ice. Fretwell estimated as many as 7，000 chicks may have perished.
“In some cases it’s possible the sea broke up into smaller floes （浮
冰） or under the feet of the penguins，” he said.
“If immersed， the chicks will drown. If they get back on to the ice floes，
they will freeze because of lack of their waterproof feathers.”
　　Dr Barbara Wienecke， a senior research scientist at the Australian
Antarctic Division， said“They still have their downy plumage （全身茸毛）. If the ice breaks out before they can safely enter the water， the
plumage becomes so wet that the chicks die of exposure. It’s
extraordinarily upsetting to think of this happening.”
　　Both Wienecke and Fretwell said predictions of the future for the
penguin species may have to be revised， with the risk potentially greater
than previously feared. Fretwell said： “It’s only by changing our
behaviour and the amounts of fossil fuels we use will we completely
change the situation for these emperor penguins， and many other
species. How bad it gets is still up to us.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，由于地球變暖，南極的
帝企鵝繁殖困難，幼鳥也難以存活。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，由于地球變暖，南極的
帝企鵝繁殖困難，幼鳥也難以存活。
5. Which can describe the situation of the emperor penguin chicks？
A. Promising. B. Alarming.
C. Hopeless. D. Inspiring.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段內容可知，海洋冰層的減少使
帝企鵝的繁殖失敗，而且幼企鵝生存的冰塊也在消失，所以它們的
現狀令人擔憂。
6. What do we know about the chicks according to the passage？
A. They are dying of food shortages.
B. They are finding new habitats for breeding.
C. They have learned how to swim in the ice water.
D. They don’t have the kind of feathers protecting them.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句可知，幼企鵝還未長出
可以保護它們的防水羽毛。
7. What does the underlined word “perished” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Appeared. B. Adapted.
C. Escaped. D. Died.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，海上的冰塊會
分解成小塊浮冰，幼企鵝會落水溺亡，哪怕爬回浮冰，浸濕的茸毛
也會讓它們凍死，因此Fretwell估計大量企鵝會死亡，所以畫線單
詞意為“死亡”。
8. What does Fretwell want to convey in the last paragraph？
A. Fossil fuels are to blame for the destruction.
B. We should change our behaviour to save the penguins.
C. We should not fear the potential risk as it can be removed.
D. More research should be done to ensure the positive changes.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段Fretwell說的話可知，人類的
行為和化石燃料的燃燒導致了帝企鵝的死亡，所以它們的未來取決
于人類行為。
C
　　A lot of glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate （碳酸
鈉） can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items， but it
doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for
thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this
environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative.
　　In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances， a
team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process
Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from
amino acids（氨基酸）. That glass would have a smaller impact on the
environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months.
　　In a test， glass beads （玻璃珠） made out of amino acids were
placed under the skin of mice， and the breakdown of the bead and the
skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study
shows how the mice’s bodies broke down the beads. In that month， the
glass implant degraded （降解） beneath the skin， the wound site
healed， and fur grew back. “Throughout the experimental period， no
mice showed any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the
glass implantation， and none of them experienced obvious weight
loss，” the researchers wrote in their paper.
　　Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment， this
biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass， because amino
acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this barrier，
the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-
cooling procedure applied in glass making. This is when materials for the
glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the
glass tougher.
　　“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is
currently in the lab stage， and far from large-scale
commercialization，” emphasized Yan Xuehai， a professor involved in the study， in a press release.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國科學院的專家
團隊利用氨基酸研制出一種可降解的環保玻璃。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國科學院的專家
團隊利用氨基酸研制出一種可降解的環保玻璃。
9. What did the researchers study during the experiment？
A. The mice’s skin healing process.
B. The breakdown of the glass beads.
C. The medical value of the new glass.
D. The glass degradation with less injury to the mice.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段最后一句可知，研究人員在實
驗中研究出玻璃降解對小鼠損傷較小。
10. How do the researchers improve the durability of amino acid glass？
A. Adding more amino acids.
B. Heating the glass and rapidly cooling it.
C. Using special chemical substances.
D. Changing the producing process of glass.
解析：　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的This is when
materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly
cooled so as to make the glass tougher.可知，研究人員加熱玻璃并
迅速冷卻來提高氨基酸玻璃的耐久性。
11. What does the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A. Transformed. B. Melted.
C. Enlarged. D. Produced.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上下文可知，為了克服這一
障礙，研究人員使用玻璃制造中應用的加熱-冷卻程序對氨基酸進
行化學轉換。故畫線詞意思是“轉換”。
12. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A. A New Kind of Perfect Glass
B. Amino Acids Make Glass Tougher
C. Large-scale Commercial Glass Products
D. Environment-Friendly and Biodegradable Glass
解析：　標題歸納題。文章主要介紹了中國科學院的專家團隊
利用氨基酸研制出一種可降解的環保玻璃。由此可知，D項（環
保型、可生物降解玻璃）最適合作文章標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　There are a lot of chemicals that can cause indoor air pollution. A
recent project conducted has found over 900 different substances in our
home are related to it. Many researchers have already examined the causes
of indoor air pollution. 　13　
　　It has been proved that different kinds of chemicals can be released by
building materials and new furniture. Everything from painting and
decorating products， bathroom cleaners and beauty products can contain
these chemicals. 　14　 For instance， cooking generates a lot of harmful
emissions， like frying meat in oil.
　　As a research from Denmark has highlighted， cooking， particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants. 　15　 When exposed to cooking emissions， people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer — causing genetic changes. 　16　 And what can we do with it？
　　As far as cooking emissions are concerned， no one is suggesting
switching to takeaways. 　17　 For example， cooking meat at high
temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling
pasta. Besides， opening windows and using cooker hoods are preferable
so that we can enjoy the roasted meat without those undesirable effects.
A. In the long run， these changes lead to cancer.
B. They might also arise from cooking at home.
C. A wide range of sources are under investigation.
D. Therefore， what results from indoor air pollution？
E. However， most of us have ignored their bad effects.
F. So， what are the main contributors to poor air quality？
G. But we can change how we cook to deal with the emissions.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了室內空氣污染的原
因以及減少這一污染的建議。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了室內空氣污染的原
因以及減少這一污染的建議。
13. F　上文提到許多研究人員已經研究了室內空氣污染的原因，故此
處主要引出下文空氣質量差的原因。F項（那么，空氣質量差的主要
原因是什么？）符合語境。
14. B　根據空后一句可知，烹飪也會導致室內空氣質量差。B項（也
可能是由于在家做飯引起的）符合語境。
15. E　上文提到了燒烤晚餐含有許多潛在的有害污染物，由此可推
測本句是在說明人們對這一問題的態度。E項（然而，我們大多數人
都忽視了它們的不良影響）符合語境。
16. A　根據空前兩句可知，長期接觸烹飪排放物可能會導致基因變
化。A項（從長遠來看，這些變化會導致癌癥）符合語境。
17. G　空后的例子表明，改變烹飪方式可以減少有害排放物的產
生。G項（但是我們可以改變烹飪方式來解決排放問題）符合語境。
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