資源簡(jiǎn)介

UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE
大觀念之單元話題:本單元通過(guò)介紹中國(guó)不同地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)美食,帶領(lǐng)讀者了解中國(guó)的飲食文化,并對(duì)當(dāng)下熱門(mén)的健康飲食問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了科學(xué)的探討。中國(guó)飲食文化是一種廣視野、深層次、多角度、高品位的悠久區(qū)域文化,對(duì)周邊國(guó)家和世界的物質(zhì)財(cái)富及精神財(cái)富有著深遠(yuǎn)影響。我們要繼承并發(fā)揚(yáng)中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)飲食文化。
①recipe / res pi/ n.食譜
②theme /θi m/ n.主題
③establish / st bl / vt.建立
④signature / s ɡn t (r)/ n.簽字
⑤brand /br nd/ n.品牌
類文悅讀·情境導(dǎo)學(xué)
中國(guó)煎餅被美國(guó)人帶到家鄉(xiāng),沒(méi)想到老外們竟吃上癮了,風(fēng)靡紐約……
As a student,Goldberg didn’t have enough money to start his business.It was not until five years ago that he made the first step in Hong Kong.To open the Hong Kong shop,Goldberg spent many weekends flying back and forth from Beijing,Tianjin,and Shandong Province.After tasting tons,he found one shop in Beijing,Xiaoyan Jianbing,whose cook offered to teach him and his Hong Kong employees the recipe①.In Hong Kong,Goldberg’s shop had been a little famous shop,but Goldberg missed his hometown very much.Two years ago,he moved back to New York and put himself into his Jianbing shop,opening pop-ups (快閃店) across New York to see how customers like it.
“When I went to China,I just loved Jianbing so much;it tastes so good,and the materials are so good;it is hot,it’s fresh,and it can be made according to your taste.When I came back to America,I couldn’t find it.So if you like something and you can’t get it,what should you do You make it!” said Goldberg.Goldberg thought about his Jianbing plan for a long time.It was the theme② of his business plan when he was an MBA in Columbia University,Goldberg’s Chinese Pancake.
The great goal of Goldberg is bringing Jianbing to the world and establishing③ his own signature④ brand⑤ with Mr.Bing.“I have had the dream for a long time and I will try my best to realize it,” he said.
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking—Comprehending
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,predict what this passage mainly talks about.
It mainly talks about food and culture go hand in hand.
Step Two:While-reading
閱讀策略——Understand cause and effect
因果關(guān)系是一個(gè)事件(即“因”)和第二個(gè)事件(即“果”)之間的作用關(guān)系。cause是導(dǎo)致第二個(gè)事件發(fā)生的原因,effect是原因產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
因果關(guān)系在語(yǔ)篇中有時(shí)直接呈現(xiàn),有時(shí)間接呈現(xiàn)。對(duì)于直接呈現(xiàn)的因果關(guān)系,我們可以通過(guò)識(shí)別銜接詞快速確認(rèn)。常見(jiàn)的表示原因的連詞有because、since、as、for、now that等,介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)有 through、because of、due to、as a result of、owing to等;常見(jiàn)的表示結(jié)果的連詞有so、so that 等,副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)有therefore、thus、as a result、consequently等,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有result in等。而對(duì)于間接呈現(xiàn)的因果關(guān)系,讀者需通過(guò)句意,甚至是對(duì)信息進(jìn)行提煉與重組才能確認(rèn)。
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The Chinese people’s eating habits.
B.The author’s flavour preferences.
C.Culture is closely linked to cuisine.
D.Chinese food suits American tastes.
答案　C
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Chinese food in America
Para.2　B.Topic:You are what you eat
Para.3　C.Chinese food in Xinjiang
Para.4　D.Chinese food in Shandong
Para.5　E.Chinese food in Guangdong and Henan
Para.6　F.Conclusion:Culture and cuisine go hand in hand
Para.7　G.Chinese food in Beijing
答案　Para.1 B　Para.2 A　Para.3 G
Para.4 D　Para.5 C　Para.6 E　Para.7 F
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
答案　D
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why does the author cite “You are what you eat” in Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the theme of the article.
B.To persuade people to eat healthy food.
C.To show the impact of food on health.
D.To prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
2.What does the author think of General Tso’s chicken tasted in America
A.It is delicious.
B.It is not authentic.
C.It is too spicy.
D.It shows Chinese culture.
3.What is the most famous food in Shandong
A.Boiled dumplings.
B.Roasted meat.
C.Stewed noodles.
D.Pancake rolls.
4.Why do people in Xinjiang prefer their food to be cooked over an open fire
A.They like the flavour of boiled or roasted meat.
B.They traditionally wandered the open range on horses.
C.That way of cooking can bring the people together.
D.That way of cooking can show their character.
答案　1.A　2.B　3.D　4.B
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構(gòu)
1.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.
學(xué)會(huì)斷句:此句是主從復(fù)合句,關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞General Tso’s chicken;covered in a sweet sauce和flavoured with hot red peppers是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾fried chicken。
嘗試翻譯:例如,在美國(guó)最受歡迎的中國(guó)菜是“左宗棠雞”,它在油炸的雞肉上淋上甜醬,再佐以煸炒過(guò)的紅辣椒制成。
2.At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
學(xué)會(huì)斷句:此句是主從復(fù)合句,定語(yǔ)從句local people consume修飾先行詞food;句中三個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞tell的直接賓語(yǔ)。
嘗試翻譯:至少,當(dāng)?shù)厝讼M(fèi)的食物種類能讓我們知道該地區(qū)種植什么作物、人們過(guò)著怎樣的生活以及他們的愛(ài)憎。
Ⅱ.翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂(課文語(yǔ)法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote,“Tell me what you eat,and I will tell you what you are,” 1.which means “You are what you eat.” In fact,Brillat-Savarin was actually 2.referring (refer) to our personality,character,and culture.In many ways,this seems to be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in point.China is a country with vast 3.areas (area) and a large population.So the food is as 4.varied (vary) as the people.For example,people in Shandong like boiled dumplings 5.served (serve) with vinegar,because the process of making dumplings can bring 6.the family members together.7.Traditionally (traditional),people in Xinjiang spent most of their time on horsebacks,and that is why they prefer their food 8.to be cooked (cook) over an open fire.In conclusion,through food,Chinese people everywhere show their culture as well as their friendship and 9.kindness (kind).So what we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand 10.in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.
[原文呈現(xiàn)]
CULTURE AND CUISINE①
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote,“Tell me what you eat,and I will tell you what you are.[1]” Put more simply②,this means “You are what you eat.[2]” Most people today relate this saying to③ healthy eating.However,Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to④ our personality,character,and culture.
[1]本句為“祈使句+and/or+陳述句(常用一般將來(lái)時(shí))”結(jié)構(gòu),and表示順承,or意為“否則”。
[2]本句中what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作eat的賓語(yǔ)。
Certainly⑤,in many ways⑥ this seems to be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in point⑦.Prior to⑧ coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes[3].For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of⑨ fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers⑩[4].This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe ,however,so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese.On the other hand ,it does tell us a lot about Americans.It tells us,for example,that Americans love bold ,simple flavours.And,since the dish was also invented recently[5],it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
[3]此處為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Chinese food;該從句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。
[4]此處為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞General Tso’s chicken;其中過(guò)去分詞fried與過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)covered in...及flavoured with...均作定語(yǔ),修飾General Tso’s chicken。
[5]此處為since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,since意為“因?yàn)?由于”。
Later,I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China.When my family and I had just arrived[6] in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended[7] to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.With this,we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste:Sichuan peppercorns .The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.
[6]此處為過(guò)去完成時(shí),先于主句動(dòng)作went發(fā)生,表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
[7]此處為過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示先于found發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China.My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar [8].I observed that family is important to the people there.It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China,where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help[9].Later,I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions [10].
[8]此處過(guò)去分詞boiled和過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)served with vinegar均作定語(yǔ),修飾dumplings。
[9]此處為關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;其中with everyone...joining in to help為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ);破折號(hào)中間的內(nèi)容from the youngest to the oldest起解釋說(shuō)明的作用。
[10]此處為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)stuffed with...作后置定語(yǔ),修飾pancake rolls。
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang.Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian.These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.As a result,their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat,such as lamb kebab.
Our travels then took us to South China,and then on to central China.In each place we went[11],we experienced wonderful local dishes,from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.Everywhere,the food was as varied as the people.However,one thing is always true:Through food,Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
[11]此處為省略引導(dǎo)詞that/which的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾each place。
At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.[12]Could we also say,for example,that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves Or,that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper [13] Maybe.Maybe not.What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other[14].
[12]本句中l(wèi)ocal people consume為省略引導(dǎo)詞that/which的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the kinds of food;三個(gè)what均引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。
[13]who like bold flavours和who like spicy food均為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,分別修飾其前面的先行詞those。
[14]本句中What we can say是what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句;that culture and cuisine go hand in hand是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句;if you do not experience one為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
[名師圈點(diǎn)]
①cuisine /kwI zi n/ n.菜肴;風(fēng)味;烹飪
②put more simply簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),簡(jiǎn)而言之(類似的表達(dá)還有to put it simply)
③relate...to...把……與……聯(lián)系起來(lái)
④refer to指的是;涉及;查閱;參考;談到
⑤certainly (=surely)adv.當(dāng)然;無(wú)疑
⑥in many ways在許多方面
⑦in point相關(guān)的;恰當(dāng)?shù)?中肯的
⑧prior to在……之前的(to是介詞)
prior / praI (r)/ adj.先前的;優(yōu)先的
⑨consist of由……組成(或構(gòu)成);存在(于)
consist /k n sIst/ vi.由……組成(或構(gòu)成)
⑩pepper / pep (r)/ n.甜椒;燈籠椒;胡椒粉
recipe / res pi/ n.烹飪法;食譜
on the other hand另一方面
on the one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面……
bold /b ld/ adj.大膽自信的;敢于冒險(xiǎn)的
be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
have a chance to do sth有機(jī)會(huì)做某事
recommend sb/sth to sb向某人推薦某人/某物
chef / ef/ n.廚師;主廚
fill...with...用……裝滿……
peppercorn / pep k n/ n.胡椒粒
vinegar / vInIɡ (r)/ n.醋
observe v.看到;注意到;觀察到
traditional adj.傳統(tǒng)的;習(xí)俗的;慣例的
make dumplings包餃子
stuff...with...用……填滿……
stuff /st f/ vt.填滿;把……塞進(jìn)n.東西;物品
slice /slaIs/ n.(切下的食物)薄片 vt.把……切成薄片
slice...off切下
onion / nj n/ n.洋蔥;蔥頭
as a result結(jié)果(副詞短語(yǔ))
as a result of因此,由于;作為……的結(jié)果(介詞短語(yǔ))
over/on an open fire在篝火上
such as例如
lamb kebab /kI b b/ 烤羊肉串
lamb /l m/ n.羊羔肉;羔羊
on在此表示“繼續(xù)”
elegant / elIɡ nt/ adj.精美的;講究的;文雅的
dim sum / dIm s m/ n.點(diǎn)心(中國(guó)食品)
serving n.一份食物(供一個(gè)人吃的)
exceptional /Ik sep nl/ adj.特別的;罕見(jiàn)的
varied adj.各種各樣的;形形色色的;不相同的
minimum / mInIm m/ n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
at a minimum至少
consume /k n sju m/ vt.吃;喝;飲;消耗
consumer n.消費(fèi)者;顧客;用戶
tend to (do)傾向于(做),易于(做)
temper / temp (r)/ n.脾氣;火氣
a violent/short/quick temper烈性子/急性子
lose one’s temper發(fā)脾氣
go hand in hand息息相關(guān);齊頭并進(jìn)
[參考譯文] 文化與美食
法國(guó)作家讓·安泰爾姆·布里亞-薩瓦蘭曾寫(xiě)道:“告訴我你平時(shí)吃什么,我就可以說(shuō)出你是什么樣的人。”簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),這句話就是“人如其食”的意思。如今,大多數(shù)人把這句諺語(yǔ)與健康飲食聯(lián)系起來(lái)。然而,布里亞-薩瓦蘭實(shí)際上指的是我們的個(gè)性、品格以及文化。
當(dāng)然,從很多方面來(lái)看,此話不假。中國(guó)菜就是個(gè)很好的例子。在來(lái)中國(guó)之前,我唯一一次體驗(yàn)中國(guó)烹飪是在美國(guó),那是為了適應(yīng)美國(guó)人的口味而改良的中餐。例如,在美國(guó)最受歡迎的中國(guó)菜是“左宗棠雞”,它在油炸的雞肉上淋上甜醬,再佐以煸炒過(guò)的紅辣椒制成。然而,這或許并不是地道的中餐做法,因此并不能讓我們對(duì)中國(guó)的人和事有多少了解。另一方面,它確實(shí)讓我們對(duì)美國(guó)人了解很多。例如,這道菜說(shuō)明美國(guó)人喜愛(ài)濃烈、簡(jiǎn)單的口味。此外,由于這道菜也是新發(fā)明,所以這也表明美國(guó)人不懼怕嘗試新的菜品。
后來(lái),我來(lái)到中國(guó),有機(jī)會(huì)品嘗地道的中國(guó)美食。我和家人一到中國(guó),就在北京尋找一個(gè)吃飯的好去處。一位朋友之前向我們推薦過(guò)一家川菜館,最終,我們找到了這家餐館。又累又餓,一個(gè)漢字也不認(rèn)識(shí),我們壓根兒不知道如何點(diǎn)餐,于是廚師在我們桌上擺滿了食物,那是我們吃過(guò)的最可口的佳肴。因此,我們高高興興地體驗(yàn)了一種全新的口味:四川花椒。食物美味又獨(dú)特,但更重要的是他們給予我們的友誼。
不久后,我們來(lái)到了位于華北東部的山東省。在那里我最喜愛(ài)的食物是蘸著醋吃的水餃。我發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的人都很重視家庭。水餃已成為華北人民最喜愛(ài)的傳統(tǒng)食物,在這里包餃子一直是一項(xiàng)全員參與的家庭活動(dòng)——無(wú)論老少——都會(huì)加入來(lái)幫忙。后來(lái),我了解到,山東最有名的食物是煎餅卷大蔥。
隨后,我們又到了新疆北部。我們的一些朋友是哈薩克族人和內(nèi)蒙古人。他們的傳統(tǒng)是騎著馬在廣闊的草原上漫步。因此,他們的傳統(tǒng)食物是在篝火上烹制而成的——通常是水煮肉或烤肉,例如烤羊肉串。
接著,我們前往華南,之后又去了華中。我們每到一處,都會(huì)品嘗當(dāng)?shù)氐拿朗?從廣東的精致點(diǎn)心——放在竹制蒸籠里蒸出來(lái)的小份食品——到河南獨(dú)特的燴面。無(wú)論到哪里,食物都與當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯?精彩紛呈。然而,有一件事始終不變:每個(gè)地方的中國(guó)人都通過(guò)食物展現(xiàn)友情與善意。
至少,當(dāng)?shù)厝讼M(fèi)的食物種類能讓我們知道該地區(qū)種植什么作物,人們過(guò)著怎樣的生活以及他們的愛(ài)憎。比方說(shuō),我們是否也能這樣推斷,喜歡重口味的人性格粗獷 抑或喜歡辛辣食物的人往往脾氣火爆 也許是的,也許又不是。但是,我們可以確定的是,文化和美食這兩者息息相關(guān),如果你沒(méi)有體驗(yàn)過(guò)其中的一個(gè),你就永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法真正了解另一個(gè)。
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Food festivals are a common occurrence in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times.Whatever your taste,there’s a food festival to match it—no matter how special.
Meatopia
This three-day,London-based festival takes place at the end of August or in early September and is a meat lover’s paradise.In addition to a range of legally sourced meat products,from juicy burgers to tender steaks,attendees can listen to live music,watch butchery demonstrations,and attend informal meat-based workshops.
The National Honey Show
If you have a sweet tooth,the National Honey Show,which started in 1923,may be the place for you.This three-day event attracts many local participants who showcase their sweet golden honey,some of which is sold globally.
The Orange Sauce Festival
Have you heard about a festival that is devoted only to orange sauce Held in Cumbria,this sweet,fragrant festival has been running for many years.What attracts people most is a competition to find the best homemade orange sauce.There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe,bringing their local snacks to share here.
The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival
If you’d prefer something with a little more kick,then you could attend the Ginger and Spice Festival held in Market Drayton.Unlike other food festivals,it celebrates its town’s historic connection to Robert Clive,who returned from India with ginger.Because of this,people here specialize in baking gingerbread,and sell a range of traditional spices from mild ones to hot ones.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了英國(guó)四個(gè)美食節(jié)。
1.What do Meatopia and the National Honey Show have in common
A.Both of them have a long history.
B.Both of them hold workshops.
C.Both of them originated from London.
D.They are of the same duration.
答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)這兩個(gè)部分中的“This three-day”可知,它們的持續(xù)時(shí)間一樣。]
2.If you are interested in foreign food,which festival do you like best
A.The Meatopia.
B.The Ginger and Spice Festival.
C.The National Honey Show.
D.The Orange Sauce Festival.
答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Orange Sauce Festival部分中的“There are thousands of participants...bringing their local snacks to share here.”可知,該美食節(jié)有來(lái)自30多個(gè)國(guó)家的參與者帶來(lái)他們當(dāng)?shù)氐男〕?由此可知,對(duì)外國(guó)食物感興趣的人應(yīng)該最喜歡The Orange Sauce Festival。]
3.What is special about The Ginger and Spice Festival
A.It sells spicy food.
B.The ginger used in the festival is from India.
C.It has something to do with a historic figure.
D.The food is cooked by Robert Clive.
答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival部分中的“Unlike other food festivals...returned from India with ginger.”可知,這個(gè)美食節(jié)是為了慶祝Robert Clive從印度帶姜返回,由此可知,The Ginger and Spice Festival的特殊之處是它與歷史人物有關(guān)。]
B
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips,or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine,it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills,and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.The UK’s obsession (癡迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)的一些烹飪類電視節(jié)目使更多的英國(guó)人改變飲食習(xí)慣并愛(ài)上烹飪。
4.What do people usually think of British food
A.It is simple and plain.
B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes.
D.It deserves a high reputation.
答案　A　[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的“But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine”可知,英國(guó)的食物通常被認(rèn)為是簡(jiǎn)單的、不吸引人的。]
5.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A.Authoritative. B.Creative.
C.Profitable. D.Influential.
答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”可知,英國(guó)的烹飪類電視節(jié)目對(duì)觀眾影響很大,改變了他們對(duì)烹飪的看法。故選D。authoritative “權(quán)威性的”;creative “富有創(chuàng)意的”;profitable “有利可圖的”;influential “有很大影響的”。]
6.Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A.20%. B.24%.
C.25%. D.33%.
答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to”可知,近三分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在使用的配料比以前更豐富了,故選D。]
7.What might the author continue talking about
A.The art of cooking in other countries.
B.Male chefs on TV programmes.
C.Table manners in the UK.
D.Studies of big eaters.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知,隨著越來(lái)越多的男廚師出現(xiàn)在電視上,男孩喜歡烹飪不再是“不酷”的事了。因此可推斷,接下來(lái)作者可能會(huì)介紹一些電視節(jié)目中的男廚師。故選B。]
C
When you think of Chinese food in the US,fried rice,or General Tso’s chicken may first come to mind.But a new museum exhibition in New York City is trying to expand visitors’ palates (味覺(jué)).It features stories of famous cooks like Martin Yan and home cooks whose food represents 18 different regional cooking styles of China.
“I think it’s unfair to just classify Chinese cooking as one,”says Kian Lam Kho,a co-curator (聯(lián)合策展人) of “Sour,Sweet,Bitter,Spicy:Stories of Chinese Food and Identity in America” at the Museum of Chinese in America.Even with the same dish or same cuisine,every family has a different variation.That’s why the curators say if you want to taste the full range of Chinese cuisine in the US,you’ll need to go beyond restaurants and into home kitchens,which can play a central role in many immigrants’ lives.
“The kitchen itself is kind of a comfort when you come to a new country.That’s the one place which you set up as your home base,and you cook things that you remember from your past,” explains co-curator Audra Ang.
One of the home cooks showcased in the exhibition is Ni Biying,80,of Manhattan.She worked as a live-in babysitter for years before she could finally afford to rent a home with her own kitchen.These days,you can usually find her moving around her one-bedroom apartment as a sweet smell of vinegar and rice wine floats from her stove.For Ni,a small dinner for friends and family means preparing almost a dozen different dishes.She learned some of her techniques from her father,who made most of her family’s meals when she was a child.“I still make the beef with stir-fried celery my father used to cook,” she says.And it’s the kind of comfort food that defines Chinese food for Ni.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在紐約市美國(guó)華人博物館舉辦的一場(chǎng)新博物館展覽,展示了中國(guó)食物和廚師的故事,以及家庭廚房在移民生活中的重要性。
8.What is the new museum exhibition mainly about
A.Stories of Chinese food and cooks.
B.Exploration of famous restaurants.
C.History of Chinese immigration.
D.Cuisine of different countries.
答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It features stories of...cooking styles of China.”可知,新的博物館展覽以18種不同地方烹飪風(fēng)格的中國(guó)食物和一些廚師的故事介紹為主要內(nèi)容。]
9.Why does the kitchen play a key role in many immigrants’ lives
A.It provides a wealthy life.
B.It helps them to accept new cultures.
C.It brings a sense of belonging.
D.It enables them to forget the past.
答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,廚房給移民者帶來(lái)的是一種安慰,移民者把廚房看作是大本營(yíng)。由此可推知,廚房在許多移民者的生活中起著關(guān)鍵作用,是因?yàn)樗軒?lái)一種歸屬感。]
10.What can we learn about Ni Biying from Paragraph 4
A.She worked in a Chinese restaurant.
B.She made most meals as a child.
C.She learned cooking from her father.
D.She lives with a big family.
答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“She learned some of...of her family’s meals when she was a child.”可知,她向她父親學(xué)習(xí)了烹飪。]
11.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Chinese Restaurant Tells Immigrant Tales
B.Home Cooking Brings More to the Table
C.Immigrants Seek Their Fortune in the US
D.Cuisine Gains New Variations
答案　B　[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知。文章主要介紹了家常菜在移民者生活中的核心作用、特點(diǎn)和一位著名的家庭廚師做中國(guó)菜,并提到如果想在美國(guó)品嘗到豐盛的中國(guó)菜建議去家庭廚房。因此,本文主要是講家常菜給餐桌帶來(lái)更多味道。]
Ⅱ.七選五(每小題2.5分,共12.5分)
Wellness for Younger Tastes
Wellness,or yangsheng in Mandarin,is no longer a term exclusive to the middle-aged and elderly.Faced with intense competition in education and their careers,those born in the 1990s and 2000s have already started a journey to safeguard their health.As the pursuit of wellness becomes an essential pastime for many young people,a trend known as “New Chinese-style Wellness” has taken over social media platforms.　1　.During a busy workday,they enjoy herbal teas brewed (煮) in wellness pots,enhancing their well-being while tapping away at their keyboards.
　2　,advocating for the consumption of fresh,natural ingredients,balanced meals and exercising moderation in the consumption of oily and peppery foods,essentially maintaining a light and nutritious diet.Additionally,it promotes mental well-being by incorporating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories to regulate emotions and achieve a balanced development of physical and mental health.　3　,and as long as this demand continues to exist,the interest in related TCM practices will continue to grow.
Given the long hours facing a computer for work,young people often experience muscle discomfort in their shoulders and necks.Besides using a meridian massage (按摩) device,they may also get regular professional massages at hospitals to ease these issues.　4　,such as tai chi,to strengthen the body and achieve the goal of wellness and fitness.
　5　,which is behind their exploration of new wellness practices.According to the China Good Life Survey released by CCTV Finance,in 2023,health-related consumption ranked third with 31.04 percent in the list of consumption intentions among young people aged 18 to 35.
A.Many young people are riding the trend
B.Furthermore,it advocates for light exercise
C.There is a reflection of young people’s consumption trends
D.Having a balanced and healthy diet has always been important
E.“New Chinese-style Wellness” emphasizes the idea of dietary therapy
F.Modern young people have a different lifestyle from the older generation
G.The demand for health and wellness among modern individuals is significant
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)代中國(guó)年輕人的新中式養(yǎng)生。
1.A　[上文“As the pursuit of...over social media platforms.”提到新中式養(yǎng)生作為一種新型養(yǎng)生潮流在社交媒體走紅,結(jié)合下文“During a busy workday,they enjoy...”可知,空處是提到某些人追隨新型養(yǎng)生潮流,A項(xiàng)“許多年輕人都在追隨這一潮流”符合語(yǔ)境,下文中“they”指代A項(xiàng)中“Many young people”,故選A。]
2.E　[下文“advocating for the consumption of...essentially maintaining a light and nutritious diet”提到提倡食材新鮮、天然,均衡膳食,適度食用油膩、辛辣食物,本質(zhì)上是保持清淡營(yíng)養(yǎng)的飲食,E項(xiàng)“新中式養(yǎng)生強(qiáng)調(diào)了飲食療法的理念”符合語(yǔ)境,故選E。]
3.G　[下文“and as long as this demand continues to exist,the interest in related TCM practices will continue to grow”提到只要有需求,中醫(yī)就會(huì)繼續(xù)存在,空處應(yīng)是提及“這種需求”,指明具體指代內(nèi)容,G項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代人對(duì)健康的需求是巨大的”符合語(yǔ)境,與下文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選G。]
4.B　[下文“such as tai chi,to strengthen the body and achieve the goal of wellness and fitness”列舉了太極拳,以增強(qiáng)身體,達(dá)到健康和健身的目的,B項(xiàng)“此外,它還提倡輕度運(yùn)動(dòng)”符合語(yǔ)境,故選B。]
5.C　[下文“According to the China Good Life...young people aged 18 to 35.”提到央視財(cái)經(jīng)發(fā)布的《中國(guó)美好生活調(diào)查》顯示,18到35歲年輕人的消費(fèi)意向中,健康類消費(fèi)以31.04%的比例排名第三,C項(xiàng)“這反映了年輕人的消費(fèi)趨勢(shì)”符合語(yǔ)境,承接上文,引出下文“which is behind their exploration of new wellness practices(這就是他們探索新的健康實(shí)踐的原因。)”。故選C。](共85張PPT)
主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)——不同民族文化習(xí)俗
UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE
大觀念之單元話題:本單元通過(guò)介紹中國(guó)不同地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)美食,帶領(lǐng)讀者了解中國(guó)的飲食文化,并對(duì)當(dāng)下熱門(mén)的健康飲食問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了科學(xué)的探討。中國(guó)飲食文化是一種廣視野、深層次、多角度、高品位的悠久區(qū)域文化,對(duì)周邊國(guó)家和世界的物質(zhì)財(cái)富及精神財(cái)富有著深遠(yuǎn)影響。我們要繼承并發(fā)揚(yáng)中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)飲食文化。
①recipe / res pi/ n.食譜
②theme /θi m/ n.主題
③establish / st bl / vt.建立
④signature / s ɡn t (r)/ n.簽字
⑤brand /br nd/ n.品牌
類文悅讀·情境導(dǎo)學(xué)
中國(guó)煎餅被美國(guó)人帶到家鄉(xiāng),沒(méi)想到老外們竟吃上癮了,風(fēng)靡紐約……
As a student,Goldberg didn’t have enough money to start his business.It was not until five years ago that he made the first step in Hong Kong.To open the Hong Kong shop,Goldberg spent many weekends flying back and forth from Beijing,Tianjin,and Shandong Province.After tasting tons,he found one shop in Beijing,Xiaoyan
Jianbing,whose cook offered to teach him and his Hong Kong employees the recipe①.In Hong Kong,Goldberg’s shop had been a little famous shop,but Goldberg missed his hometown very much.Two years ago,he moved back to New York and put himself into his Jianbing shop,opening pop-ups (快閃店) across New York to see how customers like it.
“When I went to China,I just loved Jianbing so much;it tastes so good,and the materials are so good;it is hot,it’s fresh,and it can be made according to your taste.When I came back to America,I couldn’t find it.So if you like something and you can’t get it,what should you do You make it!” said Goldberg.Goldberg thought about his Jianbing plan for a long time.It was the theme② of his business plan when he was an MBA in Columbia University,Goldberg’s Chinese Pancake.
The great goal of Goldberg is bringing Jianbing to the world and establishing③ his own signature④ brand⑤ with Mr.Bing.“I have had the dream for a long time and I will try my best to realize it,” he said.
文本整體理解
內(nèi)
容
索
引
語(yǔ)篇助解釋疑
課時(shí)測(cè)評(píng)作業(yè)
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking—Comprehending
文 本 整 體 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,predict what this passage mainly talks about.
It mainly talks about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　.
food and culture go hand in hand
Step Two:While-reading
閱讀策略——Understand cause and effect
因果關(guān)系是一個(gè)事件(即“因”)和第二個(gè)事件(即“果”)之間的作用關(guān)系。cause是導(dǎo)致第二個(gè)事件發(fā)生的原因,effect是原因產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
因果關(guān)系在語(yǔ)篇中有時(shí)直接呈現(xiàn),有時(shí)間接呈現(xiàn)。對(duì)于直接呈現(xiàn)的因果關(guān)系,我們可以通過(guò)識(shí)別銜接詞快速確認(rèn)。常見(jiàn)的表示原因的連詞有because、since、as、for、now that等,介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)有 through、because of、due to、as a result of、owing to等;常見(jiàn)的表示結(jié)果的連詞有so、so that 等,副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)有therefore、thus、as a result、consequently等,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有result in等。而對(duì)于間接呈現(xiàn)的因果關(guān)系,讀者需通過(guò)句意,甚至是對(duì)信息進(jìn)行提煉與重組才能確認(rèn)。
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The Chinese people’s eating habits.
B.The author’s flavour preferences.
C.Culture is closely linked to cuisine.
D.Chinese food suits American tastes.
√
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Chinese food in America
Para.2　B.Topic:You are what you eat
Para.3　C.Chinese food in Xinjiang
Para.4　D.Chinese food in Shandong
Para.5　E.Chinese food in Guangdong and Henan
Para.6　F.Conclusion:Culture and cuisine go hand in hand
Para.7　G.Chinese food in Beijing
答案　Para.1 B　Para.2 A　Para.3 G　Para.4 D　Para.5 C　
Para.6 E　Para.7 F
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
√
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why does the author cite “You are what you eat” in Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the theme of the article.
B.To persuade people to eat healthy food.
C.To show the impact of food on health.
D.To prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
√
2.What does the author think of General Tso’s chicken tasted in America
A.It is delicious.
B.It is not authentic.
C.It is too spicy.
D.It shows Chinese culture.
√
3.What is the most famous food in Shandong
A.Boiled dumplings.
B.Roasted meat.
C.Stewed noodles.
D.Pancake rolls.
√
4.Why do people in Xinjiang prefer their food to be cooked over an open fire
A.They like the flavour of boiled or roasted meat.
B.They traditionally wandered the open range on horses.
C.That way of cooking can bring the people together.
D.That way of cooking can show their character.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構(gòu)
1.For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers.
學(xué)會(huì)斷句:此句是主從復(fù)合句,關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)　　　　　　　　從句,修飾先行詞General Tso’s chicken;covered in a sweet sauce和flavoured with hot red peppers是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作　　　　　　,修飾fried chicken。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　　
非限制性定語(yǔ)
后置定語(yǔ)
例如,在美國(guó)最受歡迎的中國(guó)菜是“左宗棠雞”,它在油炸的雞肉上淋上甜醬,再佐以煸炒過(guò)的紅辣椒制成。
2.At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.
學(xué)會(huì)斷句:此句是主從復(fù)合句,定語(yǔ)從句local people consume修飾先行詞　　　　　;句中三個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞　　　　　的直接賓語(yǔ)。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
food
tell
至少,當(dāng)?shù)厝讼M(fèi)的食物種類能讓我們知道該地區(qū)種植什么作物、人們過(guò)著怎樣的生活以及他們的愛(ài)憎。
Ⅱ.翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂(課文語(yǔ)法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat,and I will tell you what you are,” 1.___________
means “You are what you eat.” In fact,Brillat-Savarin was actually
2.　　　　　　 (refer) to our personality,character,and culture.In many ways,this seems to be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in point. China is a country with vast 3.　　　　　　 (area) and a large
which
referring
areas
population.So the food is as 4.　　　　　　 (vary) as the people.For example,people in Shandong like boiled dumplings 5._____________
(serve) with vinegar,because the process of making dumplings can bring 6.　　　　　　 family members together.7._________________
(traditional),people in Xinjiang spent most of their time on horsebacks,and that is why they prefer their food 8._______________ (cook) over an open fire.In conclusion,through food,Chinese people
varied
served
the
Traditionally
to be cooked
everywhere show their culture as well as their friendship and
9.　　　　　　 (kind).So what we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand 10.　　　　　　 hand,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other.
kindness
in
語(yǔ) 篇 助 解 釋 疑
CULTURE AND CUISINE①
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote,“Tell me what you eat,and I will tell you what you are.[1]” Put more simply②,this means “You are what you eat.[2]” Most people today relate this saying to③ healthy eating.However,Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to④ our personality,character,and culture.
[原文呈現(xiàn)]
[1]本句為“祈使句+and/or+陳述句(常用一般將來(lái)時(shí))”結(jié)構(gòu),and表示順承,or意為“否則”。
[2]本句中what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作eat的賓語(yǔ)。
Certainly⑤,in many ways⑥ this seems to be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in point⑦.Prior to⑧ coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes[3].For example,America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken,which consists of⑨ fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers⑩[4].This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe ,however,so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese.On the other hand ,it does tell us a lot about Americans.It tells us,for example,that Americans love bold ,simple flavours.And,since the dish was also invented recently[5], it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
[3]此處為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Chinese food;該從句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。
[4]此處為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞General Tso’s chicken;其中過(guò)去分詞fried與過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)covered in...及flavoured with...均作定語(yǔ),修飾General Tso’s chicken。
[5]此處為since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,since意為“因?yàn)?由于”。
Later,I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China.When my family and I had just arrived[6] in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended[7] to us by a friend,and finally, we found it.Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.With this,we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste:Sichuan peppercorns .The food was wonderful and different,but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.
[6]此處為過(guò)去完成時(shí),先于主句動(dòng)作went發(fā)生,表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
[7]此處為過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示先于found發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China.My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar [8].I observed that family is important to the people there.It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China,where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help[9].Later,I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions [10].
[8]此處過(guò)去分詞boiled和過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)served with vinegar均作定語(yǔ),修飾dumplings。
[9]此處為關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;其中with everyone...joining in to help為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ);破折號(hào)中間的內(nèi)容from the youngest to the oldest起解釋說(shuō)明的作用。
[10]此處為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)stuffed with...作后置定語(yǔ),修飾pancake rolls。
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang.Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian.These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.As a result ,their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire —usually boiled or roasted meat,such as lamb kebab .
Our travels then took us to South China,and then on to central China.In each place we went[11],we experienced wonderful local dishes,from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum —small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.Everywhere,the food was as varied as the people.However, one thing is always true:Through food,Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
[11]此處為省略引導(dǎo)詞that/which的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾each place。
At a minimum ,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.[12]Could we also say,for example,that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves Or,that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper [13] Maybe.Maybe not.What we can say,however,is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand ,and if you do not experience one,you can never really know the other[14].
[12]本句中l(wèi)ocal people consume為省略引導(dǎo)詞that/which的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the kinds of food;三個(gè)what均引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。
[13]who like bold flavours和who like spicy food均為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,分別修飾其前面的先行詞those。
[14]本句中What we can say是what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句;that culture and cuisine go hand in hand是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句;if you do not experience one為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
[名師圈點(diǎn)]
①cuisine /kwI zi n/ n.菜肴;風(fēng)味;烹飪
②put more simply簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),簡(jiǎn)而言之(類似的表達(dá)還有to put it simply)
③relate...to...把……與……聯(lián)系起來(lái)
④refer to指的是;涉及;查閱;參考;談到
⑤certainly (=surely)adv.當(dāng)然;無(wú)疑
⑥in many ways在許多方面
⑦in point相關(guān)的;恰當(dāng)?shù)?中肯的
⑧prior to在……之前的(to是介詞)
prior / praI (r)/ adj.先前的;優(yōu)先的
⑨consist of由……組成(或構(gòu)成);存在(于)
consist /k n sIst/ vi.由……組成(或構(gòu)成)
⑩pepper / pep (r)/ n.甜椒;燈籠椒;胡椒粉
recipe / res pi/ n.烹飪法;食譜
on the other hand另一方面
on the one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面……
bold /b ld/ adj.大膽自信的;敢于冒險(xiǎn)的
be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
have a chance to do sth有機(jī)會(huì)做某事
recommend sb/sth to sb向某人推薦某人/某物
chef / ef/ n.廚師;主廚
fill...with...用……裝滿……
peppercorn / pep k n/ n.胡椒粒
vinegar / vInIɡ (r)/ n.醋
observe v.看到;注意到;觀察到
traditional adj.傳統(tǒng)的;習(xí)俗的;慣例的
make dumplings包餃子
stuff...with...用……填滿……
stuff /st f/ vt.填滿;把……塞進(jìn)n.東西;物品
slice /slaIs/ n.(切下的食物)薄片 vt.把……切成薄片
slice...off切下
onion / nj n/ n.洋蔥;蔥頭
as a result結(jié)果(副詞短語(yǔ))
as a result of因此,由于;作為……的結(jié)果(介詞短語(yǔ))
over/on an open fire在篝火上
such as例如
lamb kebab /kI b b/ 烤羊肉串
lamb /l m/ n.羊羔肉;羔羊
on在此表示“繼續(xù)”
elegant / elIɡ nt/ adj.精美的;講究的;文雅的
dim sum / dIm s m/ n.點(diǎn)心(中國(guó)食品)
serving n.一份食物(供一個(gè)人吃的)
exceptional /Ik sep nl/ adj.特別的;罕見(jiàn)的
varied adj.各種各樣的;形形色色的;不相同的
minimum / mInIm m/ n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
at a minimum至少
consume /k n sju m/ vt.吃;喝;飲;消耗
consumer n.消費(fèi)者;顧客;用戶
tend to (do)傾向于(做),易于(做)
temper / temp (r)/ n.脾氣;火氣
a violent/short/quick temper烈性子/急性子
lose one’s temper發(fā)脾氣
go hand in hand息息相關(guān);齊頭并進(jìn)
[參考譯文]
文化與美食
法國(guó)作家讓·安泰爾姆·布里亞-薩瓦蘭曾寫(xiě)道:“告訴我你平時(shí)吃什么,我就可以說(shuō)出你是什么樣的人。”簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),這句話就是“人如其食”的意思。如今,大多數(shù)人把這句諺語(yǔ)與健康飲食聯(lián)系起來(lái)。然而,布里亞-薩瓦蘭實(shí)際上指的是我們的個(gè)性、品格以及文化。
當(dāng)然,從很多方面來(lái)看,此話不假。中國(guó)菜就是個(gè)很好的例子。在來(lái)中國(guó)之前,我唯一一次體驗(yàn)中國(guó)烹飪是在美國(guó),那是為了適應(yīng)美國(guó)人的口味而改良的中餐。例如,在美國(guó)最受歡迎的中國(guó)菜是“左宗棠雞”,它在油炸的雞肉上淋上甜醬,再佐以煸炒過(guò)的紅辣椒制成。然而,這或許并不是地道的中餐做法,因此并不能讓我們對(duì)中國(guó)的人和事有多少了解。另一方面,它確實(shí)讓我們對(duì)美國(guó)人了解很多。例如,這道菜說(shuō)明美國(guó)人喜愛(ài)濃烈、簡(jiǎn)單的口味。此外,由于這道菜也是新發(fā)明,所以這也表明美國(guó)人不懼怕嘗試新的菜品。
后來(lái),我來(lái)到中國(guó),有機(jī)會(huì)品嘗地道的中國(guó)美食。我和家人一到中國(guó),就在北京尋找一個(gè)吃飯的好去處。一位朋友之前向我們推薦過(guò)一家川菜館,最終,我們找到了這家餐館。又累又餓,一個(gè)漢字也不認(rèn)識(shí),我們壓根兒不知道如何點(diǎn)餐,于是廚師在我們桌上擺滿了食物,那是我們吃過(guò)的最可口的佳肴。因此,我們高高興興地體驗(yàn)了一種全新的口味:四川花椒。食物美味又獨(dú)特,但更重要的是他們給予我們的友誼。
不久后,我們來(lái)到了位于華北東部的山東省。在那里我最喜愛(ài)的食物是蘸著醋吃的水餃。我發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的人都很重視家庭。水餃已成為華北人民最喜愛(ài)的傳統(tǒng)食物,在這里包餃子一直是一項(xiàng)全員參與的家庭活動(dòng)——無(wú)論老少——都會(huì)加入來(lái)幫忙。后來(lái),我了解到,山東最有名的食物是煎餅卷大蔥。
　　隨后,我們又到了新疆北部。我們的一些朋友是哈薩克族人和內(nèi)蒙古人。他們的傳統(tǒng)是騎著馬在廣闊的草原上漫步。因此,他們的傳統(tǒng)食物是在篝火上烹制而成的——通常是水煮肉或烤肉,例如烤羊肉串。
接著,我們前往華南,之后又去了華中。我們每到一處,都會(huì)品嘗當(dāng)?shù)氐拿朗?從廣東的精致點(diǎn)心——放在竹制蒸籠里蒸出來(lái)的小份食品——到河南獨(dú)特的燴面。無(wú)論到哪里,食物都與當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯?精彩紛呈。然而,有一件事始終不變:每個(gè)地方的中國(guó)人都通過(guò)食物展現(xiàn)友情與善意。
至少,當(dāng)?shù)厝讼M(fèi)的食物種類能讓我們知道該地區(qū)種植什么作物,人們過(guò)著怎樣的生活以及他們的愛(ài)憎。比方說(shuō),我們是否也能這樣推斷,喜歡重口味的人性格粗獷 抑或喜歡辛辣食物的人往往脾氣火爆 也許是的,也許又不是。但是,我們可以確定的是,文化和美食這兩者息息相關(guān),如果你沒(méi)有體驗(yàn)過(guò)其中的一個(gè),你就永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法真正了解另一個(gè)。
課 時(shí) 測(cè) 評(píng) 作 業(yè)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Food festivals are a common occurrence in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times.Whatever your taste,there’s a food festival to match it—no matter how special.
Meatopia
This three-day,London-based festival takes place at the end of August or in early September and is a meat lover’s paradise.In addition to a range of legally sourced meat products,from juicy burgers to tender steaks,attendees can listen to live music,watch butchery demonstrations,and attend informal meat-based workshops.
The National Honey Show
If you have a sweet tooth,the National Honey Show,which started in 1923,may be the place for you.This three-day event attracts many local participants who showcase their sweet golden honey,some of which is sold globally.
The Orange Sauce Festival
Have you heard about a festival that is devoted only to orange sauce Held in Cumbria,this sweet,fragrant festival has been running for many years.What attracts people most is a competition to find the best homemade orange sauce.There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe,bringing their local snacks to share here.
The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival
If you’d prefer something with a little more kick,then you could attend the Ginger and Spice Festival held in Market Drayton.Unlike other food festivals,it celebrates its town’s historic connection to Robert Clive,who returned from India with ginger.Because of this,people here specialize in baking gingerbread,and sell a range of traditional spices from mild ones to hot ones.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了英國(guó)四個(gè)美食節(jié)。
1.What do Meatopia and the National Honey Show have in common
A.Both of them have a long history.
B.Both of them hold workshops.
C.Both of them originated from London.
D.They are of the same duration.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)這兩個(gè)部分中的“This three-day”可知,它們的持續(xù)時(shí)間一樣。
√
2.If you are interested in foreign food,which festival do you like best
A.The Meatopia. B.The Ginger and Spice Festival.
C.The National Honey Show. D.The Orange Sauce Festival.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Orange Sauce Festival部分中的“There are thousands of participants...bringing their local snacks to share here.”可知,該美食節(jié)有來(lái)自30多個(gè)國(guó)家的參與者帶來(lái)他們當(dāng)?shù)氐男〕?由此可知,對(duì)外國(guó)食物感興趣的人應(yīng)該最喜歡The Orange Sauce Festival。
√
3.What is special about The Ginger and Spice Festival
A.It sells spicy food.
B.The ginger used in the festival is from India.
C.It has something to do with a historic figure.
D.The food is cooked by Robert Clive.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival部分中的“Unlike other food festivals...returned from India with ginger.”可知,這個(gè)美食節(jié)是為了慶祝Robert Clive從印度帶姜返回,由此可知,The Ginger and Spice Festival的特殊之處是它與歷史人物有關(guān)。
√
B
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips,or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine,it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills,and young people are also getting
more interested in cooking.The UK’s obsession (癡迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)的一些烹飪類電視節(jié)目使更多的英國(guó)人改變飲食習(xí)慣并愛(ài)上烹飪。
4.What do people usually think of British food
A.It is simple and plain. B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes. D.It deserves a high reputation.
解析　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的“But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine”可知,英國(guó)的食物通常被認(rèn)為是簡(jiǎn)單的、不吸引人的。
√
5.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A.Authoritative. B.Creative.
C.Profitable. D.Influential.
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”可知,英國(guó)的烹飪類電視節(jié)目對(duì)觀眾影響很大,改變了他們對(duì)烹飪的看法。故選D。authoritative “權(quán)威性的”;creative “富有創(chuàng)意的”;profitable “有利可圖的”;influential “有很大影響的”。
√
6.Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to”可知,近三分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在使用的配料比以前更豐富了,故選D。
√
7.What might the author continue talking about
A.The art of cooking in other countries.
B.Male chefs on TV programmes.
C.Table manners in the UK.
D.Studies of big eaters.
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知,隨著越來(lái)越多的男廚師出現(xiàn)在電視上,男孩喜歡烹飪不再是“不酷”的事了。因此可推斷,接下來(lái)作者可能會(huì)介紹一些電視節(jié)目中的男廚師。故選B。
√
C
When you think of Chinese food in the US,fried rice,or General Tso’s chicken may first come to mind.But a new museum exhibition in New York City is trying to expand visitors’ palates (味覺(jué)).It features stories of famous cooks like Martin Yan and home cooks whose food represents 18 different regional cooking styles of China.
“I think it’s unfair to just classify Chinese cooking as one,”says Kian Lam Kho,a co-curator (聯(lián)合策展人) of “Sour,Sweet,Bitter, Spicy:Stories of Chinese Food and Identity in America” at the Museum of Chinese in America.Even with the same dish or same cuisine,every family has a different variation.That’s why the curators say if you want to taste the full range of Chinese cuisine in the US,you’ll need to go beyond restaurants and into home kitchens, which can play a central role in many immigrants’ lives.
“The kitchen itself is kind of a comfort when you come to a new country.That’s the one place which you set up as your home base,and you cook things that you remember from your past,” explains co-curator Audra Ang.
One of the home cooks showcased in the exhibition is Ni Biying, 80,of Manhattan.She worked as a live-in babysitter for years before she could finally afford to rent a home with her own kitchen.These days,you can usually find her moving around her one-bedroom
apartment as a sweet smell of vinegar and rice wine floats from her stove.For Ni,a small dinner for friends and family means preparing almost a dozen different dishes.She learned some of her techniques from her father,who made most of her family’s meals when she was a child.“I still make the beef with stir-fried celery my father used to cook,” she says.And it’s the kind of comfort food that defines Chinese food for Ni.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在紐約市美國(guó)華人博物館舉辦的一場(chǎng)新博物館展覽,展示了中國(guó)食物和廚師的故事,以及家庭廚房在移民生活中的重要性。
8.What is the new museum exhibition mainly about
A.Stories of Chinese food and cooks.
B.Exploration of famous restaurants.
C.History of Chinese immigration.
D.Cuisine of different countries.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It features stories of...cooking styles of China.”可知,新的博物館展覽以18種不同地方烹飪風(fēng)格的中國(guó)食物和一些廚師的故事介紹為主要內(nèi)容。
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9.Why does the kitchen play a key role in many immigrants’ lives
A.It provides a wealthy life.
B.It helps them to accept new cultures.
C.It brings a sense of belonging.
D.It enables them to forget the past.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,廚房給移民者帶來(lái)的是一種安慰,移民者把廚房看作是大本營(yíng)。由此可推知,廚房在許多移民者的生活中起著關(guān)鍵作用,是因?yàn)樗軒?lái)一種歸屬感。
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10.What can we learn about Ni Biying from Paragraph 4
A.She worked in a Chinese restaurant.
B.She made most meals as a child.
C.She learned cooking from her father.
D.She lives with a big family.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“She learned some of...of her family’s meals when she was a child.”可知,她向她父親學(xué)習(xí)了烹飪。
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11.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Chinese Restaurant Tells Immigrant Tales
B.Home Cooking Brings More to the Table
C.Immigrants Seek Their Fortune in the US
D.Cuisine Gains New Variations
解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知。文章主要介紹了家常菜在移民者生活中的核心作用、特點(diǎn)和一位著名的家庭廚師做中國(guó)菜,并提到如果想在美國(guó)品嘗到豐盛的中國(guó)菜建議去家庭廚房。因此,本文主要是講家常菜給餐桌帶來(lái)更多味道。
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Ⅱ.七選五(每小題2.5分,共12.5分)
Wellness for Younger Tastes
Wellness,or yangsheng in Mandarin,is no longer a term exclusive to the middle-aged and elderly.Faced with intense competition in education and their careers,those born in the 1990s and 2000s have already started a journey to safeguard their health.As the pursuit of wellness becomes an essential pastime for many young people,a trend known as “New Chinese-style Wellness” has taken over social media platforms.　1　.During a busy workday,they enjoy herbal teas brewed (煮) in wellness pots,enhancing their well-being while tapping away at their keyboards.
　2　,advocating for the consumption of fresh,natural ingredients,balanced meals and exercising moderation in the consumption of oily and peppery foods,essentially maintaining a light and nutritious diet.Additionally,it promotes mental well-being by incorporating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories to regulate emotions and achieve a balanced development of physical and mental health.　3　,and as long as this demand continues to exist,the interest in related TCM practices will continue to grow.
Given the long hours facing a computer for work,young people often experience muscle discomfort in their shoulders and necks.Besides using a meridian massage (按摩) device,they may also get regular professional massages at hospitals to ease these issues.　4　,such as tai chi,to strengthen the body and achieve the goal of wellness and fitness.
　5　,which is behind their exploration of new wellness practices. According to the China Good Life Survey released by CCTV Finance, in 2023,health-related consumption ranked third with 31.04 percent in the list of consumption intentions among young people aged 18 to 35.
A.Many young people are riding the trend
B.Furthermore,it advocates for light exercise
C.There is a reflection of young people’s consumption trends
D.Having a balanced and healthy diet has always been important
E.“New Chinese-style Wellness” emphasizes the idea of dietary therapy
F.Modern young people have a different lifestyle from the older generation
G.The demand for health and wellness among modern individuals is significant
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)代中國(guó)年輕人的新中式養(yǎng)生。
1.A　[上文“As the pursuit of...over social media platforms.”提到新中式養(yǎng)生作為一種新型養(yǎng)生潮流在社交媒體走紅,結(jié)合下文“During a busy workday,they enjoy...”可知,空處是提到某些人追隨新型養(yǎng)生潮流,A項(xiàng)“許多年輕人都在追隨這一潮流”符合語(yǔ)境,下文中“they”指代A項(xiàng)中“Many young people”,故選A。]
2.E　[下文“advocating for the consumption of...essentially maintaining a light and nutritious diet”提到提倡食材新鮮、天然,均衡膳食,適度食用油膩、辛辣食物,本質(zhì)上是保持清淡營(yíng)養(yǎng)的飲食,E項(xiàng)“新中式養(yǎng)生強(qiáng)調(diào)了飲食療法的理念”符合語(yǔ)境,故選E。]
3.G　[下文“and as long as this demand continues to exist,the interest in related TCM practices will continue to grow”提到只要有需求,中醫(yī)就會(huì)繼續(xù)存在,空處應(yīng)是提及“這種需求”,指明具體指代內(nèi)容,G項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代人對(duì)健康的需求是巨大的”符合語(yǔ)境,與下文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選G。]
4.B　[下文“such as tai chi,to strengthen the body and achieve the goal of wellness and fitness”列舉了太極拳,以增強(qiáng)身體,達(dá)到健康和健身的目的,B項(xiàng)“此外,它還提倡輕度運(yùn)動(dòng)”符合語(yǔ)境,故選B。]
5.C　[下文“According to the China Good Life...young people aged 18 to 35.”提到央視財(cái)經(jīng)發(fā)布的《中國(guó)美好生活調(diào)查》顯示,18到35歲年輕人的消費(fèi)意向中,健康類消費(fèi)以31.04%的比例排名第三,C項(xiàng)“這反映了年輕人的消費(fèi)趨勢(shì)”符合語(yǔ)境,承接上文,引出下文“which is behind their exploration of new wellness practices(這就是他們探索新的健康實(shí)踐的原因。)”。故選C。]

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