資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
Grammar——主謂一致
一、主謂一致三大原則
主謂一致是指句子主語和謂語在人稱和數方面保持一致。主謂一致有三個原則:語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。
(一)語法一致原則
[先感知]
①Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.(北師必三U9)
很多人認為人類的大腦是“自動運行的”,這是說大腦能自動學習。
②These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”.(北師必三U9)
這些學習行為叫作“主動學習”。
③Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.(外研選三U5)
創造這樣的建筑使我們能夠與我們的環境更加和諧地相處。
④What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!(外研選三U1)
我真正欽佩的是她承認這一點的方式,健康不僅讓我們更美麗,而且更快樂!
⑤If anyone sees Mary,ask her to come to my office.
如果有人看見瑪麗,請她到我辦公室來。
⑥Many a student comes into the classroom.
很多學生進了教室。
⑦More than one student wants to join the army.　不止一個學生想參軍。
[會發現]
由句①和句②可以發現,謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于主語的單復數;由句③和句④可以發現,動詞-ing形式(短語)和主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數形式;由句⑤可以發現,主語為復合不定代詞anyone,謂語動詞常用單數形式;由句⑥和句⑦可以發現,“many a+單數名詞”或“more than one+單數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
[明規則]
語法一致原則是指主語的單復數決定了謂語動詞的單復數形式。
1.主語是單數,謂語動詞用單數形式;主語是復數,謂語動詞用復數形式。
2.動詞-ing形式(短語)、動詞不定式(短語)、單個從句作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數形式。
3.復合不定代詞anyone,somebody,everything,nothing等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
4.“many a+單數名詞”或“more than one+單數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
(二)意義一致原則
[先感知]
①The enemy were hiding,ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.(外研選三U3)
敵人藏身于各個地方,準備在盟軍登陸前就開始進攻。
②The police are searching the lost boy.
警察們正在尋找那個走失的男孩。
③Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.
對我來說,兩個小時完成這項工作就夠了。
④The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.　最后,傷員們被村民們救起。
⑤The Chinese are hard-working.
中國人民是勤勞的。
⑥Politics is a difficult subject for many students.
對許多學生來說,政治是一門很難的學科。
⑦Three sheep are eating grass there.
三只羊正在那里吃草。
[會發現]
句①主語為The enemy,看作一個個的敵人個體,謂語動詞用復數形式;句②主語為The police,表示多個警察,謂語動詞用復數形式;句③主語為Two hours,看作一個整體,謂語動詞用單數形式;句④主語為The wounded,表示一類人,謂語動詞用復數形式;句⑤主語為The Chinese,強調全體中國人,謂語動詞用復數形式;句⑥主語為Politics,為以-s結尾的不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數形式;句⑦主語為sheep,前有Three修飾,表示復數含義,謂語動詞用復數形式。
[明規則]
意義一致原則是指“形單意復”的名詞或“形復意單”的名詞要根據其意義來決定謂語動詞的單復數形式。
1.當people、police、cattle等詞作主語時,謂語動詞往往用復數形式。
2.表示時間、金錢、距離、體積、重量、面積等的復數名詞作主語時,通常將其視為一個整體,謂語動詞用單數形式。
3.“the+形容詞”表示一類人,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
4.表示某國人總稱的詞,如:the Chinese、the British等作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
5.以-s結尾但意義為單數的news、maths、physics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
6.單復數同形的詞sheep、deer等作主語時,謂語動詞單復數形式與實際意義一致。
(三)就近一致原則
[先感知]
①Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project.
不是你就是他應該為項目的失敗負責。
②Not you but I am responsible for the delay.　不是你而是我應對這次的延誤負責。
③There is an apple and some oranges in the basket.
籃子里有一個蘋果和一些橘子。
[會發現]
在句①中,“Either you or he”連接兩個主語,謂語動詞 “is”與靠近的主語he保持一致;在句②中,“Not you but I”連接兩個主語,謂語動詞 “am”與靠近的主語I 保持一致;在句③中,“There is”結構中,謂語動詞“is”與靠近的主語 an apple 保持一致。
[明規則]
就近一致原則是指謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于離它最近的主語的單復數。
1.由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等連接的并列主語,其謂語動詞的單復數形式與最近的主語保持一致。
2.在there be/here be 句型中,謂語動詞的數應與最近的一個主語保持一致。
[再運用]　用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1.The team is (be) winning the match with great effort.
2.Neither the teacher nor the students are (be) in the classroom right now.
3.Mathematics is (be) a subject that requires logical thinking.
4.The cattle are (be) grazing in the field.
5.More than one person has expressed (express) interest in the project so far.
6.The United States is (be) known for its diverse culture.
二、主謂一致的幾個易錯點
(一)并列主語的主謂一致
1.兩個單數名詞或不可數名詞用and連接,表示兩個不同的概念時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
2.兩個單數名詞用and連接,表示同一人、同一物或同一概念時謂語動詞用單數形式。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
那位農民兼作家正在會議室里發表演講。
3.兩個并列的名詞前均有each、every、no、many a等修飾限定時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。
Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.
每個學生和老師都領到了一張票。
Every man and every woman is at work.
每個男人和女人都在工作。
(二)主語后有附屬成分時的主謂一致
主語后有with、together with、along with、like、but、as well as、except、including、rather than、besides等引導時,謂語動詞的數要和前面的主語保持一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
老師帶著一些學生正在參觀工廠。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.
只有一名教師和三名學生在實驗室里。
(三)某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致
1.集合名詞family、class、crowd、team、government、company、group等作主語時,如果強調整體,謂語動詞用單數形式;如果強調個體,謂語動詞用復數形式。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(強調整體)
在我們學校,我們班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。
His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(強調個體)
他的家人正在等他回國。
2.由兩部分構成的表示物體的名詞如:trousers、pants、jeans、shoes、glasses等作主語時,謂語動詞常用復數形式。但如果這類名詞前用了a pair of/two pairs of來修飾,謂語動詞的單復數往往取決于pair的單復數形式。
These trousers need washing.
這些褲子需要洗。
This pair of trousers is hers.
這條褲子是她的。
(四)數詞與量詞作主語時的主謂一致
1.當百分數或分數修飾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數還是用復數由名詞的單復數來決定。
About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.
地球表面大約四分之三是水。
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
我們學校大約百分之五十的學生是女生。
2.a number of (許多),a variety of (各種各樣的)修飾名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用復數形式。但是the number of (……的數目)和the variety of (……的種類)修飾名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。試比較:
A number of students are from the south.
許多學生來自南方。
The number of students from the south is large.
來自南方的學生人數很多。
3.a quantity of后可接可數名詞復數或不可數名詞,當接可數名詞復數時,謂語動詞用復數,接不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數。quantities of后無論接復數名詞還是不可數名詞,后面的謂語動詞都用復數形式。
A large quantity of milk was wasted at that time.
那時大量的牛奶被浪費了。
Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.
在深海中捕獲了大量的魚。
[再運用]　用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1.A large number of people were (be) present at the concert yesterday.
2.Each of the students has (have) a unique talent.
3.Bread and butter is (be) his favorite breakfast.
4.The majority of the population is (be) in favor of the new policy.
5.The teacher as well as the students is (be) excited about the trip.
1.adapt vt.改編,改寫;使適應 vi.適應
·adaptation n.適應;改編;改寫本　·adaptable adj.有適應能力的,能適應的
教材原文　In 1967,Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film,which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼把這本書改編成動畫電影,這部電影被廣泛認為是一部經典之作。
感知　語言先輸入
①When you go to a new country,you must adapt (yourself) to new manners and customs.(建議信)
當你到一個新的國家時,你必須適應新的風俗習慣。
②The book,which was adapted from a popular series,gained widespread acclaim.
這本書是根據一部流行系列片改編的,獲得了廣泛好評。
記牢　知識再梳理　　　
(1)adapt (oneself) to... 使(某人自己)適應……
(2)adapt sth for sth 將某物改編/改寫為某物
adapt...from... 根據……改編/改寫……
[名師指津]　注意adapt與adopt在拼寫和意思上的差別。adopt 意為“采納;收養”。
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①With her adaptable (adapt) nature,she thrived in diverse cultural settings.
②Having adapted to the new climate,the plants flourished in the garden.
③She quickly adapted herself to the new environment,finding it exciting and challenging.
她很快就適應了這個新的環境,發現它既令人興奮又具有挑戰性。
2.regard vt.將……認為,看待;注視 n.尊重;(pl.)致意,問候　·regarding prep.關于
教材原文　In 1967,Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film,which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼把這本書改編成動畫電影,這部電影被廣泛認為是一部經典之作。
感知　語言先輸入
①He is regarded as a pioneer in the field,inspiring many young scientists.
他被認為是該領域的先驅,激勵了許多年輕科學家。
②With regard to your inquiry,we will respond promptly with the necessary information.
關于您的詢問,我們將及時回復所需信息。
記牢　知識再梳理　　
(1)regard...as... 把……當作……
be regarded as 被認為是
(2)with/in regard to 關于
give/send one’s best regards to... 向……致以最誠摯的問候
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①He is highly regarded as a leader who inspires his team.
②With regard to your request,we will consider it carefully.
③Sending his best regards to the team,he expressed gratitude for their hard work.
向團隊致以最誠摯的問候,他表達了對他們辛勤工作的感謝。
[基礎語境練]
維度一　基礎題——用所給動詞的適當形式填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.Each of the students is required (require) to submit their assignment by Friday.
2.Neither the teacher nor the students have arrived (arrive) yet.
3.The number of participants is (be) increasing every year.
4.A variety of books are (be) available in the library.
5.The police are (be) investigating the case thoroughly now.
6.Physics is (be) a subject which he likes best.
7.Either the manager or his assistants are (be) going to attend the meeting.
8.The team is (be) winning the match,which is exciting for the fans.
維度二　語法與寫作——用主謂一致原則完成句子(每小題2分,共10分)
1.The committee,which consists of several experts,has made its decision.
由幾個專家組成的委員會已經做出了決定。
2.More than one student has asked for extra help after class so far.
目前,不止一個學生在課后請求額外的幫助。
3.Either the manager or the employees are responsible for the error.
要么是經理要么是員工對這個錯誤負責。
4.Not only the teacher but also the students were pleased with the results.
老師和學生對結果都很滿意。
5.Reading science fiction novels makes me relaxed after a busy day.
讀科幻小說使我在忙碌的一天后感到放松。
維度三　語法與語篇——用所給動詞的適當形式完成語段(每小題2分,共10分)
In the bustling (繁忙的) city,there 1.are (be)many opportunities for those who are willing to explore.The government,along with several organizations,2.is working (work)to improve the infrastructure now.A number of initiatives 3.have been launched (launch)to support local businesses so far.However,the success of these programs 4.depends (depend)on the cooperation of the community.Everyone,including the officials and the citizens,5.is encouraged (encourage)to participate actively.
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
(2025·廈門市高一下期末)
We all remember that first cry at the movies.Whether they are tears of joy or sadness,it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen.In fact,it all comes from a plan.But what about those heart-breaking stories...for kids They seem not to sugar-coat the realities of the world.
Actually,many great kids’ movies loaded with tragedy (悲劇) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings.According to Aristotle,tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible thought.Therefore,the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle,to understand and to heal (治愈).The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss,especially if it’s sudden.The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba,who experiences the loss of his father.Kids see themselves in Simba’s character.He has dreams.He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world.But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss.
Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward.Hakuna Matata! Yes,the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you.It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age.Sadness should not be ignored.It’s important to feel sad,and that is why these films are so great.In Dumbo,Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia,we lose our beloved characters.This quite upsets kids,but it teaches them to accept sadness and make something new out of it.
So,what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie It’s meant to teach the audience,especially children,to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy.It’s like a cushion (緩沖墊) that separates stories from reality.It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real,or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了優秀的兒童電影如何通過悲傷教育孩子們,使他們能夠應對生活中的挑戰,學會在悲傷中尋找解脫和治愈的方法。
1.Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1
A.To promote a movie.
B.To explain the reason.
C.To support an argument.
D.To introduce the topic.
答案　D　[寫作目的題。根據第一段的“We all remember...the realities of the world.”可知,提到“第一次哭泣”是為了引出電影如何引起觀眾強烈的情感反應,這為討論悲傷的兒童電影的影響奠定了基礎,因此它的作用是引出下文的話題。故選D項。]
2.What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Defining sadness as a treatment.
B.Challenging oneself with tragic losses.
C.Seeking knowledge to enrich life.
D.Heading forward without being trapped.
答案　D　[詞義猜測題。根據第三段的“Why is a film...define you.”可知,“Hakuna Matata”這句話出自《獅子王》,這句話告訴孩子們,從悲劇中走出來是可以的,不要讓它定義你,由此可推知,這句話表示不被悲劇性的損失或悲傷所困,要勇往直前。故選D項。]
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality.
B.Sad kids’ movies prepare children for life struggles.
C.Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy.
D.Children can find a way to hide sad feelings.
答案　B　[細節理解題。根據最后一段的“So,what is the message...by saying Hakuna Matata.”可知,最后一段強調,悲傷的兒童電影是為了教會孩子們為生活的掙扎做好準備,如何應對悲傷和悲劇,而不是逃避現實或隱藏悲傷的情緒。因此,悲傷的兒童電影讓孩子們為生活的挑戰做好準備。故選B項。]
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad
B.What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies
C.Life’s Hardest Lesson:How Movies Inspire Us
D.Moving Beyond Reality:What Kids’ Movies Teach Us
答案　D　[標題歸納題。通讀全文并根據最后一段可知,文章主要探討了優秀的兒童電影如何通過悲傷教育孩子們,使他們能夠應對生活中的挑戰,學會在悲傷中尋找解脫和治愈的方法。因此D項這個標題反映了電影如何通過悲傷和悲劇教給人們重要的人生教訓的探索。故選D項。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
No one person invented cinema.However,in 1891 the Edison Company successfully showed a prototype (原型) of the Kinetoscope,which enabled one person at a time 1.　　　　　　 (view) moving pictures.The Kinetoscope was 2.　　　　　　 (public) shown on May 9,1893.By 1894 the Kinetoscope was a big 3.　　　　　　 (succeed),with public movie theaters built around the world.
The first to present projected (投影) moving pictures to a paying audience 4.　　　　　　　　　　　
(be) the Lumière brothers in December 1895 in Paris,France.They used what they made themselves,the Cinématographe,5.　　　　　　　　　　　
was a camera,a projector and a film printer all in one.
At first,films were very short,sometimes only a few minutes 6.　　　　　　 less.They were shown anywhere a screen could be set up and a room darkened.Subjects included local 7.　　　　　　 (scene) and activities,views of foreign lands,short comedies and newsworthy events.The films were accompanied (伴隨) by lectures and music.
By 1914,several national film industries were set up.At this time,Russia and Scandinavia were as 8.　　　　　　 (importance) as America.Films became longer and storytelling became the main form.
As more people paid to see movies,the industry that grew around 9.　　　　　　 (they) was prepared to spend more money 10.　　　　　　 their production and distribution (分發),so large studios and special cinemas were built.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章簡述了電影和電影院的早期發展歷史。
1.to view　[考查非謂語動詞。enable sb to do sth使某人能夠做某事。]
2.publicly　[考查詞性轉換。設空處作狀語,修飾謂語動詞,表示“公開地”,用副詞,故填publicly。]
3.success　[考查詞性轉換。設空處作表語,根據設空處前的冠詞a可知,用名詞,表示“成功的事物”,故填success。]
4.were　[考查時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語in December 1895可知,此處描述的事情發生在過去,用一般過去時;又因為主語The first指代the Lumière brothers(盧米埃爾兄弟),表示復數意義,故填were。]
5.which　[考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句,對先行詞Cinématographe作補充說明,且在從句中作主語,故填which。]
6.or　[考查并列連詞。此處表示電影一般只有幾分鐘“或者”更短,故填or。]
7.scenes　[考查名詞的數。scene意為“景色”,為可數名詞,此處表示泛指,故填scenes。]
8.important　[考查詞性轉換。設空處作表語,表示“重要的”,用形容詞,故填important。as important as...像……一樣重要。]
9.them　[考查代詞。設空處作around的賓語,用賓格,故填them,指代上文中的movies。]
10.on　[考查介詞。spend sth on sth花(時間、金錢等)在某物上。](共59張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
內
容
索
引
語法知識過關
語言知識精析
課時精練
語 法 知 識 過 關
Grammar——主謂一致
一、主謂一致三大原則
主謂一致是指句子主語和謂語在人稱和數方面保持一致。主謂一致有三個原則:語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。
(一)語法一致原則
[先感知]
①Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.(北師必三U9)
很多人認為人類的大腦是“自動運行的”,這是說大腦能自動學習。
②These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”.
(北師必三U9)
這些學習行為叫作“主動學習”。
③Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.(外研選三U5)
創造這樣的建筑使我們能夠與我們的環境更加和諧地相處。
④What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!
(外研選三U1)
我真正欽佩的是她承認這一點的方式,健康不僅讓我們更美麗,而且更快樂!
⑤If anyone sees Mary,ask her to come to my office.
如果有人看見瑪麗,請她到我辦公室來。
⑥Many a student comes into the classroom.
很多學生進了教室。
⑦More than one student wants to join the army.
不止一個學生想參軍。
[會發現]
由句①和句②可以發現,謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于主語的
　　　　　;由句③和句④可以發現,動詞-ing形式(短語)和主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞常用　　　　　形式;由句⑤可以發現,主語為復合不定代詞anyone,謂語動詞常用　　　　　形式;由句⑥和句⑦可以發現,“many a+單數名詞”或“more than one+單數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用　　　　形式。
單復數
單數
單數
單數
[明規則]
語法一致原則是指主語的單復數決定了謂語動詞的單復數形式。
1.主語是單數,謂語動詞用單數形式;主語是復數,謂語動詞用復數形式。
2.動詞-ing形式(短語)、動詞不定式(短語)、單個從句作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數形式。
3.復合不定代詞anyone,somebody,everything,nothing等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
4.“many a+單數名詞”或“more than one+單數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
(二)意義一致原則
[先感知]
①The enemy were hiding,ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.(外研選三U3)
敵人藏身于各個地方,準備在盟軍登陸前就開始進攻。
②The police are searching the lost boy.
警察們正在尋找那個走失的男孩。
③Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.
對我來說,兩個小時完成這項工作就夠了。
④The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.
最后,傷員們被村民們救起。
⑤The Chinese are hard-working.
中國人民是勤勞的。
⑥Politics is a difficult subject for many students.
對許多學生來說,政治是一門很難的學科。
⑦Three sheep are eating grass there.
三只羊正在那里吃草。
[會發現]
句①主語為The enemy,看作一個個的敵人個體,謂語動詞用________形式;句②主語為The police,表示多個警察,謂語動詞用　　　　　形式;句③主語為Two hours,看作一個　　　　　　,謂語動詞用單數形式;句④主語為The wounded,表示　　　　　　,謂語動詞用復數形式;句⑤主語為The Chinese,強調全體中國人,謂語動詞用　　　　形式;句⑥主語為Politics,為以-s結尾的不可數名詞,謂語動詞用　　　　形式;句⑦主語為sheep,前有Three修飾,表示　　　　含義,謂語動詞用復數形式。
復數
復數
整體
一類人
復數
單數
復數
[明規則]
意義一致原則是指“形單意復”的名詞或“形復意單”的名詞要根據其意義來決定謂語動詞的單復數形式。
1.當people、police、cattle等詞作主語時,謂語動詞往往用復數形式。
2.表示時間、金錢、距離、體積、重量、面積等的復數名詞作主語時,通常將其視為一個整體,謂語動詞用單數形式。
3.“the+形容詞”表示一類人,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
4.表示某國人總稱的詞,如:the Chinese、the British等作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
5.以-s結尾但意義為單數的news、maths、physics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
6.單復數同形的詞sheep、deer等作主語時,謂語動詞單復數形式與實際意義一致。
(三)就近一致原則
[先感知]
①Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project.
不是你就是他應該為項目的失敗負責。
②Not you but I am responsible for the delay.
不是你而是我應對這次的延誤負責。
③There is an apple and some oranges in the basket.
籃子里有一個蘋果和一些橘子。
[會發現]
在句①中,“Either you or he”連接兩個主語,謂語動詞 “is”與靠近的主語　　　　保持一致;在句②中,“Not you but I”連接兩個主語,謂語動詞 “am”與靠近的主語　　　　 保持一致;在句③中,“There is”結構中,謂語動詞“is”與靠近的主語 　　　　　　保持一致。
he
I
an apple
[明規則]
就近一致原則是指謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于離它最近的主語的單復數。
1.由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等連接的并列主語,其謂語動詞的單復數形式與最近的主語保持一致。
2.在there be/here be 句型中,謂語動詞的數應與最近的一個主語保持一致。
[再運用]　用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1.The team 　　　　　　(be) winning the match with great effort.
2.Neither the teacher nor the students 　　　　　　 (be) in the classroom right now.
3.Mathematics 　　　　　　(be) a subject that requires logical thinking.
4.The cattle 　　　　　　(be) grazing in the field.
is
are
is
are
5.More than one person 　　　　　　　　 (express) interest in the project so far.
6.The United States 　　　　　　(be) known for its diverse culture.
has expressed
is
二、主謂一致的幾個易錯點
(一)并列主語的主謂一致
1.兩個單數名詞或不可數名詞用and連接,表示兩個不同的概念時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
2.兩個單數名詞用and連接,表示同一人、同一物或同一概念時謂語動詞用單數形式。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
那位農民兼作家正在會議室里發表演講。
3.兩個并列的名詞前均有each、every、no、many a等修飾限定時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。
Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.
每個學生和老師都領到了一張票。
Every man and every woman is at work.每個男人和女人都在工作。
(二)主語后有附屬成分時的主謂一致
主語后有with、together with、along with、like、but、as well as、except、including、rather than、besides等引導時,謂語動詞的數要和前面的主語保持一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
老師帶著一些學生正在參觀工廠。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.
只有一名教師和三名學生在實驗室里。
(三)某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致
1.集合名詞family、class、crowd、team、government、company、group等作主語時,如果強調整體,謂語動詞用單數形式;如果強調個體,謂語動詞用復數形式。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(強調整體)
在我們學校,我們班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。
His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(強調個體)
他的家人正在等他回國。
2.由兩部分構成的表示物體的名詞如:trousers、pants、jeans、shoes、glasses等作主語時,謂語動詞常用復數形式。但如果這類名詞前用了a pair of/two pairs of來修飾,謂語動詞的單復數往往取決于pair的單復數形式。
These trousers need washing.
這些褲子需要洗。
This pair of trousers is hers.
這條褲子是她的。
(四)數詞與量詞作主語時的主謂一致
1.當百分數或分數修飾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數還是用復數由名詞的單復數來決定。
About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.
地球表面大約四分之三是水。
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
我們學校大約百分之五十的學生是女生。
2.a number of (許多),a variety of (各種各樣的)修飾名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用復數形式。但是the number of (……的數目)和the variety of (……的種類)修飾名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。試比較:
A number of students are from the south.
許多學生來自南方。
The number of students from the south is large.
來自南方的學生人數很多。
3.a quantity of后可接可數名詞復數或不可數名詞,當接可數名詞復數時,謂語動詞用復數,接不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數。quantities of后無論接復數名詞還是不可數名詞,后面的謂語動詞都用復數形式。
A large quantity of milk was wasted at that time.
那時大量的牛奶被浪費了。
Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.
在深海中捕獲了大量的魚。
[再運用]　用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1.A large number of people 　　　　　　(be) present at the concert yesterday.
2.Each of the students 　　　　　　(have) a unique talent.
3.Bread and butter 　　　　　　(be) his favorite breakfast.
4.The majority of the population 　　　　　　 (be) in favor of the new policy.
5.The teacher as well as the students 　　　　　　　 (be) excited about the trip.
were
has
is
is
is
語 言 知 識 精 析
1.adapt vt.改編,改寫;使適應 vi.適應
·adaptation n.適應;改編;改寫本　·adaptable adj.有適應能力的,能適應的
教材原文　In 1967,Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film,which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼把這本書改編成動畫電影,這部電影被廣泛認為是一部經典之作。
感知　語言先輸入
①When you go to a new country,you must adapt (yourself) to new manners and customs.(建議信)
當你到一個新的國家時,你必須適應新的風俗習慣。
②The book,which was adapted from a popular series,gained widespread acclaim.
這本書是根據一部流行系列片改編的,獲得了廣泛好評。
記牢　知識再梳理　　　
(1)adapt (oneself) to... 使(某人自己)適應……
(2)adapt sth for sth 將某物改編/改寫為某物
adapt...from... 根據……改編/改寫……
[名師指津]　注意adapt與adopt在拼寫和意思上的差別。adopt 意為“采納;收養”。
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①With her 　　　　　　(adapt) nature,she thrived in diverse cultural settings.
②Having adapted 　　　　　　the new climate,the plants flourished in the garden.
③She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　, finding it exciting and challenging.
她很快就適應了這個新的環境,發現它既令人興奮又具有挑戰性。
adaptable
to
quickly adapted herself to the new environment
2.regard vt.將……認為,看待;注視 n.尊重;(pl.)致意,問候
·regarding prep.關于
教材原文　In 1967,Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼把這本書改編成動畫電影,這部電影被廣泛認為是一部經典之作。
感知　語言先輸入
①He is regarded as a pioneer in the field,inspiring many young scientists.
他被認為是該領域的先驅,激勵了許多年輕科學家。
②With regard to your inquiry,we will respond promptly with the necessary information.
關于您的詢問,我們將及時回復所需信息。
記牢　知識再梳理　　
(1)regard...as... 把……當作……
be regarded as 被認為是
(2)with/in regard to 關于
give/send one’s best regards to... 向……致以最誠摯的問候
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①He is highly regarded 　　　　　　a leader who inspires his team.
②　　　　　　 regard to your request,we will consider it carefully.
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he expressed gratitude for their hard work.
向團隊致以最誠摯的問候,他表達了對他們辛勤工作的感謝。
as
With
Sending his best regards to the team
課 時 精 練
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
維度一　基礎題——用所給動詞的適當形式填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.Each of the students 　　　　　　(require) to submit their assignment by Friday.
2.Neither the teacher nor the students 　　　　　　(arrive) yet.
3.The number of participants 　　　　　　(be) increasing every year.
4.A variety of books 　　　　　　(be) available in the library.
is required
have arrived
is
are
5.The police 　　　　　　(be) investigating the case thoroughly now.
6.Physics 　　　　　　(be) a subject which he likes best.
7.Either the manager or his assistants 　　　　　　(be) going to attend the meeting.
8.The team 　　　　　　(be) winning the match,which is exciting for the fans.
are
is
are
is
維度二　語法與寫作——用主謂一致原則完成句子(每小題2分,共10分)
1.The committee,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, has made its decision.
由幾個專家組成的委員會已經做出了決定。
2.More than one student 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　after class so far.
目前,不止一個學生在課后請求額外的幫助。
which consists of several experts
has asked for extra help
3.Either the manager or the employees 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
要么是經理要么是員工對這個錯誤負責。
4.Not only the teacher but also the students
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
老師和學生對結果都很滿意。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 after a busy day.
讀科幻小說使我在忙碌的一天后感到放松。
are responsible for the error
were pleased with the results
Reading science fiction novels makes me relaxed
維度三　語法與語篇——用所給動詞的適當形式完成語段(每小題2分,共10分)
In the bustling (繁忙的) city,there 1.　　　　　　　　 (be)many opportunities for those who are willing to explore.The government, along with several organizations,2.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (work) to improve the infrastructure now.A number of initiatives 3.___________________________ (launch)to support local businesses so far.However,the success of these programs 4.　　　　　　 (depend) on the cooperation of the community.Everyone,including the officials and the citizens,5.　　　　　　　 (encourage)to participate actively.
are
is working
have been launched
depends
is encouraged
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
(2025·廈門市高一下期末)
We all remember that first cry at the movies.Whether they are tears of joy or sadness,it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen.In fact,it all comes from a plan.But what about those heart-breaking stories...for kids They seem not to sugar-coat the realities of the world.
Actually,many great kids’ movies loaded with tragedy (悲劇) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings.According to Aristotle,tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible thought.Therefore,the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle,to understand and to heal (治愈).The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss,especially if it’s sudden.The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba,who experiences the loss of his father.Kids see themselves in Simba’s character.He has dreams.He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world.But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss.
Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes,the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you.It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age.Sadness should not be ignored.It’s important to feel sad,and that is why these films are so great.In Dumbo,Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia,we lose our beloved characters.This quite upsets kids,but it teaches them to accept sadness and make something new out of it.
So,what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie It’s meant to teach the audience,especially children,to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy.It’s like a cushion (緩沖墊) that separates stories from reality.It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real,or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了優秀的兒童電影如何通過悲傷教育孩子們,使他們能夠應對生活中的挑戰,學會在悲傷中尋找解脫和治愈的方法。
1.Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1
A.To promote a movie. B.To explain the reason.
C.To support an argument. D.To introduce the topic.
解析　寫作目的題。根據第一段的“We all remember...the realities of the world.”可知,提到“第一次哭泣”是為了引出電影如何引起觀眾強烈的情感反應,這為討論悲傷的兒童電影的影響奠定了基礎,因此它的作用是引出下文的話題。故選D項。
√
2.What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Defining sadness as a treatment.
B.Challenging oneself with tragic losses.
C.Seeking knowledge to enrich life.
D.Heading forward without being trapped.
解析　詞義猜測題。根據第三段的“Why is a film...define you.”可知,“Hakuna Matata”這句話出自《獅子王》,這句話告訴孩子們,從悲劇中走出來是可以的,不要讓它定義你,由此可推知,這句話表示不被悲劇性的損失或悲傷所困,要勇往直前。故選D項。
√
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality.
B.Sad kids’ movies prepare children for life struggles.
C.Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy.
D.Children can find a way to hide sad feelings.
解析　細節理解題。根據最后一段的“So,what is the message...by saying Hakuna Matata.”可知,最后一段強調,悲傷的兒童電影是為了教會孩子們為生活的掙扎做好準備,如何應對悲傷和悲劇,而不是逃避現實或隱藏悲傷的情緒。因此,悲傷的兒童電影讓孩子們為生活的挑戰做好準備。故選B項。
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4.What is the best title for the text
A.Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad
B.What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies
C.Life’s Hardest Lesson:How Movies Inspire Us
D.Moving Beyond Reality:What Kids’ Movies Teach Us
解析　標題歸納題。通讀全文并根據最后一段可知,文章主要探討了優秀的兒童電影如何通過悲傷教育孩子們,使他們能夠應對生活中的挑戰,學會在悲傷中尋找解脫和治愈的方法。因此D項這個標題反映了電影如何通過悲傷和悲劇教給人們重要的人生教訓的探索。故選D項。
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Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
No one person invented cinema.However,in 1891 the Edison Company successfully showed a prototype (原型) of the Kinetoscope, which enabled one person at a time 1.　　　　　　 (view) moving pictures.The Kinetoscope was 2.　　　　　　 (public) shown on May 9,1893.By 1894 the Kinetoscope was a big 3.　　　　　 (succeed), with public movie theaters built around the world.
The first to present projected (投影) moving pictures to a paying audience 4.　　　　　　　 (be) the Lumière brothers in December 1895 in Paris,France.They used what they made themselves,the Cinématographe,5.　　　　　　 was a camera,a projector and a film printer all in one.
At first,films were very short,sometimes only a few minutes 6.__________ less.They were shown anywhere a screen could be set up and a room darkened.Subjects included local 7.　　　　　　 (scene) and activities,views of foreign lands,short comedies and newsworthy events.The films were accompanied (伴隨) by lectures and music.
By 1914,several national film industries were set up.At this time,Russia and Scandinavia were as 8.　　　　　　 (importance) as America.Films became longer and storytelling became the main form.
As more people paid to see movies,the industry that grew around 9.　　　　　　 (they) was prepared to spend more money 10._______ their production and distribution (分發),so large studios and special cinemas were built.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章簡述了電影和電影院的早期發展歷史。
1.to view　[考查非謂語動詞。enable sb to do sth使某人能夠做某事。]
2.publicly　[考查詞性轉換。設空處作狀語,修飾謂語動詞,表示“公開地”,用副詞,故填publicly。]
3.success　[考查詞性轉換。設空處作表語,根據設空處前的冠詞a可知,用名詞,表示“成功的事物”,故填success。]
4.were　[考查時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語in December 1895可知,此處描述的事情發生在過去,用一般過去時;又因為主語The first指代the Lumière brothers(盧米埃爾兄弟),表示復數意義,故填were。]
5.which　[考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句,對先行詞Cinématographe作補充說明,且在從句中作主語,故填which。]
6.or　[考查并列連詞。此處表示電影一般只有幾分鐘“或者”更短,故填or。]
7.scenes　[考查名詞的數。scene意為“景色”,為可數名詞,此處表示泛指,故填scenes。]
8.important　[考查詞性轉換。設空處作表語,表示“重要的”,用形容詞,故填important。as important as...像……一樣重要。]
9.them　[考查代詞。設空處作around的賓語,用賓格,故填them,指代上文中的movies。]
10.on　[考查介詞。spend sth on sth花(時間、金錢等)在某物上。]

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