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Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures——限制性定語從句(3)
一、只用that不用which引導定語從句的情況
[先感知]
①Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
②All that can be done has been done.
③There is little that I can do for you.
④The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
⑤This is the best film that we have ever made about friendship.(譯林必一U1)
⑥After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owns.
⑦Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
⑧Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
[會發現]　
①②③句中先行詞為不定代詞,只能用that引導定語從句。
④⑤句中先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾,只能用that引導定語從句。
⑥句中先行詞被the only修飾,只能用that引導定語從句。
⑦句的先行詞中既有人又有物,只能用that引導定語從句。
⑧句中先行詞前有which疑問詞,只能用that引導定語從句。
[明規則]　
只用that不用which引導定語從句的情況
用法 例句
先行詞為不定代詞時,如all、much、little、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、no one等 I have said all (that) I want to say. Is there anything (that) I can do for you
先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數詞修飾,或本身就是最高級、序數詞時 This is the best film that has been shown in the city. We’ll never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.
先行詞被the only、the very、the last、just、all、every、no、little、few、any等修飾時 This is the very book (that) I want to buy. There is little work (that) you can do. The only thing (that) I can do is to have a rest.
先行詞既有人又有物時 They talked about the man and the things that they saw.
當主句是以which/who開頭的疑問句時 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night Who is the man that is reading over there
[再運用]　用適當的關系詞填空
①The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②The worst matter that I’d been afraid of happened in the end.
③The only thing that the students can do is study hard.
④We talked about the things and the people that we met during the trip.
⑤Which is the bag that belongs to me
二、關系代詞作動詞的間接賓語時,常用to或for
[先感知]
①Who is the woman that he bought the flower for
②This is the boy that she brought the book to.
[會發現]　
句①bought sth for sb意為為某人買某物;
句②brought sth to sb意為給某人帶來某物。
[明規則]　接雙賓語的及物動詞所在的定語從句中,如果關系代詞作此類動詞的間接賓語時,用to或for。接 to 的動詞有 bring、give、hand、leave、lend、offer、owe、pass、pay、post、promise、read、sell、send、show、take、teach、tell、throw、write等。接 for 的動詞有make、buy、call、choose、cook、do、fetch、find、get、keep、leave、save等。
[再運用]　同義句轉換(用定語從句合并句子)
①My friend was grateful.I lent my car to my friend.
→My friend whom I lent my car to was grateful.
②The girl is my cousin.I made a cake for the girl.
→The girl that I made a cake for is my cousin.
三、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句
當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時,通常用“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句。如果先行詞指“人”,用“介詞+whom”;如果先行詞指“物”,用“介詞+which”;關系代詞有時也用whose(作定語)。
注意:介詞不可置于who或that之前。
[先感知]
①These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people,to whom Guangxi is home.(外研必一 U6)
②This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
③The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
④The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
⑤I have about 10 books,half of which were written by the famous writer.
[會發現]　
①句根據和從句中名詞的搭配選擇介詞。be home to “是……家園”;
②句根據和先行詞的搭配選擇介詞。with the camera “用這部相機”;
③句根據句子的意思來選擇介詞。in his (the boss’) company “在他的公司里”;
④句根據句子的意思來選擇介詞。without the colorless gas “沒有這種無色氣體”;
⑤句表示 “整體中的一部分”時,通常用介詞of。half of 10 books “這十本書中的一半”。
[明規則]　
在“介詞+關系代詞”結構中,選用介詞的依據是:
1.根據與定語從句中謂語動詞、形容詞等的搭配習慣(即固定短語)。
2.根據與先行詞的搭配習慣(約定俗成,不一定是短語)。
3.根據句子的意思來選擇。
4.表示“所有”關系或“整體中的一部分”時,通常用介詞of。
[再運用]　用關系詞或介詞填空
①Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.
②In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
③There are many reasons for which people like traveling.
④The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.
⑤Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu,allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.
四、有些固定動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前
[先感知]
①This must be the key that she is looking for.
②This is the baby whom you will look after.
③We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of.
[會發現]　
①②③句中的固定短語look for(尋找)、look after (照看)、hear of (聽說)不能拆開。因此,定語從句中這些短語的介詞不能放在關系代詞的前面。
[明規則]　定語從句的謂語如果是以介詞結尾的固定動詞短語,則不可把介詞提前。常見的這類動詞短語有listen to、look at、depend on、look for、pay attention to、take care of、look after、take part in、call on、catch up with、get along with、hear of、look forward to等。
[再運用]　補全句子
①As far as I know,he is a man who is hard to get along with.
據我所知,他是一個很難相處的人。
②This is the baby whom/that my grandma takes care of.
這就是我奶奶照顧的那個嬰兒。
[基礎語境練]
Ⅰ.用適當的關系詞或介詞填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.Is this the car for which you paid a high price
2.Copper is one of the metals with which we are most familiar.
3.We will be shown around some places which/that visitors seldom visit.
4.We will be shown around some places where visitors seldom go.
5.I will never forget those years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers.
6.I will never forget those years which/that I spent in the countryside with the farmers.
7.We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
8.Do you think the reason why he was late is believable
9.This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
10.Maria has written two novels,both of which have been made into television series.
Ⅱ.語法與寫作(每小題2分,共12分)
1.The person whom/who/that I depend on the most is my best friend.
我最依賴的人是我最好的朋友。
2.The project that/which we are looking forward to will start next month.
我們期待的項目將于下個月開始。
3.The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
他拒絕邀請的原因不清楚。
4.There are more than 3,000 students in our school,the majority of whom can put their hearts into their studies.
我們學校有3 000多名學生,大多數都能用心學習。
5.We live in an age when/at which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我們生活在一個比以前任何時候都更容易獲得更多信息的時代。
6.I desire to take part in the activity which/that will be held in the school lecture hall on June 19.
我渴望參加將于6月19日在學校報告廳舉行的活動。
Ⅲ.語法與語篇(每小題2分,共14分)
根據漢語提示,用定語從句完成語段
A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing
Mary,1.whose drawings were shown (她的畫被展出) at the exhibition last month,is a model student 2.who/that is often praised (經常受到表揚) for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall,our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3.that/which was hung on the wall (被掛在墻上的) in front of us.
The horse 4.which/that was drawn in the picture (被畫在畫中的) was exactly like a real horse.The man 5.who/that was riding on it (騎在它上面的) looked like a living man.
It was the best picture 6.that I had ever seen (我見過的),and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7.that I have ever heard of (我聽說過的).
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Raised in Bengaluru,Meera has always showed a keen interest in exploring the city’s rich heritage.She used to visit many lesser-known structures around the city.As an enthusiast,she enjoyed uncovering these hidden treasures and had always longed to make a meaningful contribution.
When she grew up,Meera worked as a writer,focusing on topics related to forests and science.She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation.
A key moment that redirected her career path was a visit to Devanahalli Fort.During her visit,she realized that there was a lack of information online about its history and heritage.The significance of this place was not only historical but also architectural.But there,she was shocked that it seemed as if no one even knew about it.
To preserve the forgotten heritage,she joined INTACH,a non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of unprotected architectural heritage all over India.There are thousands of monuments in the country protected by the government.However,there are also small temples,buildings,schools,and homes that hold historical significance but are ignored.Besides restoration and preservation,they host heritage talks to familiarize people with their city’s heritage.While they do welcome tourists and travelers,their emphasis on engaging the local population is evident.The organization also hosts several heritage walks to spread awareness about the hidden heritage.Also,the team starts from looking for a prospective building,then securing funding and then finding architects and engineers that are ideal for the project.
In the past years,they have restored buildings in and around Bengaluru such as Mayo Hall,Tipu’s Armoury,Gangubai Hangal,Museum,the Old OPD Building at NIMHANS which is now a museum,the Oriental Research Institute in Mysuru among others.
They face many issues,with funding being the major challenge.However,she felt jammy enough to find enthusiastic individuals wanting to contribute as well as government funding here and there.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Meera在去Devanahalli Fort的旅行中發現網上缺少關于這個地方的歷史與遺跡的信息,受此啟發,她開始致力于修復和保護被忽視的歷史遺跡。
1.What does Meera truly love
A.Writing articles.
B.Protecting heritage.
C.Studying science.
D.Exploring forests.
答案　B　[細節理解題。根據第二段的“She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation.”可知,她真正的愛好是遺跡保護,故選B項。]
2.What made Meera surprised about Devanahalli Fort
A.It had such a long history.
B.Its heritage was well protected.
C.Its history and heritage were unknown.
D.It was of great architectural importance.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第三段的“During her visit...as if no one even knew about it.”可知,網上缺少關于Devanahalli Fort歷史與遺跡的信息,Devanahalli Fort有著重要的歷史和建筑意義,但似乎沒有人知道這個地方,對此她感到驚訝,故選C項。]
3.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Meera and the team
A.Their advantages.
B.Their efforts.
C.Their difficulties.
D.Their spirits.
答案　B　[段落大意題。本段主要介紹了Meera加入了致力于保護被忽略的歷史遺跡的組織,除了修復和保護歷史遺跡,他們還舉辦活動讓人們了解這些歷史遺跡。即,本段告訴我們為了保護歷史遺跡INTACH這個機構團體以及Meera所做的努力,故選B項。]
4.What does the underlined word “jammy” mean in the last paragraph
A.Upset. B.Anxious.
C.Fortunate. D.Familiar.
答案　C　[詞義猜測題。根據最后一段的“They face many issues,with funding being the major challenge.”可知,他們面臨很多問題,籌資是主要困難。再根據表示轉折的“However”可知,她感到非常幸運,因為可以得到個人和政府的捐助。所以畫線單詞的意思為“幸運的”,故選C項。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
(2025·昆明市高一檢測)
Zhoushan Fishing Folk Painting,originating from Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province,is a vibrant (充滿活力的) and unique art form in order 1.　　　　　　 (show) the essence of seafaring life.This folk art style 2.　　　　 (beautiful) describes scenes of fishing boats at sea,busy harbors,and diverse marine life through bold brushstrokes and vivid colors.The artists,many of whom 3.　　　　　　 (be) fishermen themselves,draw inspiration (靈感) from their personal experiences 4.　　　　　　 the rich cultural heritage of the region.
The artists begin with a detailed sketch,5.　　　　　　 (outline) the main elements and composition of the painting.Artists then fill in these outlines with bright,symbolic colors such as red,blue,and yellow,6.　　　　 not only makes the artwork visually striking but also conveys themes of prosperity,good fortune,and happiness.Each stroke reflects the artist’s deep 7.　　　　　　 (connect) to the sea and his/her way of life.
Zhoushan Fishing Folk Painting has gained recognition both locally and internationally for 8.　　　　　　 (it) artistic value and cultural significance.It serves 9.　　　　 a window into the lives of the Zhoushan people and their enduring relationship with the sea,making it 10.　　　　　　 important part of China’s intangible cultural heritage.Through these paintings,one can experience the resilience,joy,and hardships of the fishing community,celebrating their deep bond with the ocean.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了舟山漁民畫的起源、特點、創作過程以及其藝術和文化價值。
1.to show　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:舟山漁民畫起源于浙江省的舟山,是一種充滿活力且獨特的藝術形式,旨在展示航海生活的精髓。根據空前的“in order”可知,應填動詞不定式表示目的,in order to do意為“為了……,目的是……”,故填to show。]
2.beautifully　[考查詞性轉換。句意:這種民間藝術風格通過大膽的筆觸和生動的色彩,美麗地描述了海上漁船、繁忙的港口和多樣的海洋生物等場景。分析句子結構可知,空處應填副詞,修飾謂語動詞“describes”,故填beautifully。]
3.are　[考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。句意:許多藝術家本身就是漁民,他們從個人經歷和豐富的地區文化遺產中汲取靈感。分析句子結構可知,“many of whom”引導定語從句,且在從句中充當主語,其后缺少謂語動詞;根據語境可知,本文主要是介紹舟山漁民畫,是客觀事實,故用一般現在時;又因主語“many of whom”指代“many of the artists”是復數形式,所以be要用復數形式,故填are。]
4.and　[考查連詞。句意同上。根據句意以及“their personal experiences”和“the rich cultural heritage of the region”可知,藝術家從個人經歷汲取靈感,也從豐富的地區文化遺產中汲取靈感,所以此處是并列結構,故填and。]
5.outlining　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:藝術家們從詳細的草圖開始,勾勒出繪畫的主要元素和構圖。分析句子結構可知,“begin”是句子謂語動詞,所以空處填非謂語動詞;已給詞outline是動詞,意為“勾勒,描畫……的輪廓”,與其邏輯主語“the artists”是主動關系,用動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語,故填outlining。]
6.which　[考查定語從句。句意:藝術家們用紅、藍、黃等鮮艷的象征性色彩填充草圖,不僅使作品在視覺上引人注目,還傳達了繁榮、好運和幸福的主題。分析句子結構可知,設空處及其后的內容是非限制性定語從句,且設空處作從句的主語,which可引導非限制性定語從句,修飾限定空前“藝術家們用這些鮮艷的象征性色彩填充草圖”這件事,故填which。]
7.connection　[考查詞性轉換。句意:每一筆都反映了藝術家與海洋及其生活方式的深厚聯系。根據空前“deep”可知,空處填名詞;已給詞connect是動詞,名詞是不可數名詞,故填connection。]
8.its　[考查代詞。句意:舟山漁民畫因其藝術價值和文化意義在國內外都獲得了認可。根據空后的“artistic value”可知,空處應填it的形容詞性物主代詞,故填its。]
9.as　[考查介詞。句意:它成為了解舟山人民的生活及其與海洋持久關系的窗口。根據句意可知,“serve as”是固定搭配,意為“充當,擔任”,故填as。]
10.an　[考查冠詞。句意:使其成為中國非物質文化遺產的重要組成部分。分析句子結構可知,“important part”前缺少限定詞;又根據語境可知,此處的“重要部分”表示泛指,又因“important”的發音以元音音素開頭,故填an。](共49張PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures——限制性定語從句(3)
語法知識過關
內
容
索
引
課時精練
語 法 知 識 過 關
一、只用that不用which引導定語從句的情況
[先感知]
①Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
②All that can be done has been done.
③There is little that I can do for you.
④The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
⑤This is the best film that we have ever made about friendship.(譯林必一U1)
⑥After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owns.
⑦Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
⑧Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
[會發現]　
①②③句中先行詞為____________,只能用that引導定語從句。
④⑤句中先行詞被__________________________修飾,只能用that引導定語從句。
⑥句中先行詞被________________修飾,只能用that引導定語從句。
⑦句的先行詞中既有__________又有__________,只能用that引導定語從句。
⑧句中先行詞前有____________疑問詞,只能用that引導定語從句。
不定代詞
序數詞或形容詞最高級
the only
人
物
which
[明規則]　
只用that不用which引導定語從句的情況
用法 例句
先行詞為不定代詞時,如all、much、little、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、no one等 I have said all (that) I want to say.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you
用法 例句
先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數詞修飾,或本身就是最高級、序數詞時 This is the best film that has been shown in the city.
We’ll never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.
先行詞被the only、the very、the last、just、all、every、no、little、few、any等修飾時 This is the very book (that) I want to buy.
There is little work (that) you can do.
The only thing (that) I can do is to have a rest.
用法 例句
先行詞既有人又有物時 They talked about the man and the things that they saw.
當主句是以which/who開頭的疑問句時 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night
Who is the man that is reading over there
[再運用]　用適當的關系詞填空
①The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②The worst matter ____________I’d been afraid of happened in the end.
that
that
③The only thing ____________________the students can do is study hard.
④We talked about the things and the people ____________we met during the trip.
⑤Which is the bag ____________belongs to me
that
that
that
二、關系代詞作動詞的間接賓語時,常用to或for
[先感知]
①Who is the woman that he bought the flower for
②This is the boy that she brought the book to.
[會發現]　
句①bought sth for sb意為________________________________;
句②brought sth to sb意為________________________________。
為某人買某物
給某人帶來某物
[明規則]　接雙賓語的及物動詞所在的定語從句中,如果關系代詞作此類動詞的間接賓語時,用to或for。接 to 的動詞有 bring、give、hand、leave、lend、offer、owe、pass、pay、post、promise、read、sell、send、show、take、teach、tell、throw、write等。接 for 的動詞有make、buy、call、choose、cook、do、fetch、find、get、keep、leave、save等。
[再運用]　同義句轉換(用定語從句合并句子)
①My friend was grateful.I lent my car to my friend.
→__________________________________________________________
②The girl is my cousin.I made a cake for the girl.
→__________________________________________________________
My friend whom I lent my car to was grateful.
The girl that I made a cake for is my cousin.
三、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句
當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時,通常用“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句。如果先行詞指“人”,用“介詞+whom”;如果先行詞指“物”,用“介詞+which”;關系代詞有時也用whose(作定語)。
注意:介詞不可置于who或that之前。
[先感知]
①These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people,to whom Guangxi is home.(外研必一 U6)
②This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
③The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
④The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
⑤I have about 10 books,half of which were written by the famous writer.
[會發現]　
①句根據和從句中____________的搭配選擇介詞。be home to “是……家園”;
②句根據和____________的搭配選擇介詞。with the camera “用這部相機”;
③句根據句子的____________來選擇介詞。in his (the boss’) company “在他的公司里”;
名詞
先行詞
意思
④句根據句子的____________來選擇介詞。without the colorless gas “沒有這種無色氣體”;
⑤句表示 “整體中的一部分”時,通常用介詞____________________。half of 10 books “這十本書中的一半”。
意思
of
[明規則]　
在“介詞+關系代詞”結構中,選用介詞的依據是:
1.根據與定語從句中謂語動詞、形容詞等的搭配習慣(即固定短語)。
2.根據與先行詞的搭配習慣(約定俗成,不一定是短語)。
3.根據句子的意思來選擇。
4.表示“所有”關系或“整體中的一部分”時,通常用介詞of。
[再運用]　用關系詞或介詞填空
①Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with ____________they wish to communicate.
②In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ____________whom she could turn for help.
③There are many reasons ____________which people like traveling.
④The woman ____________whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.
⑤Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu,allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in ____________they are dining.
which
to
for
with
which
四、有些固定動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前
[先感知]
①This must be the key that she is looking for.
②This is the baby whom you will look after.
③We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of.
[會發現]　
①②③句中的固定短語look for(尋找)、look after (照看)、hear of (聽說)不能拆開。因此,定語從句中這些短語的介詞不能放在______________的前面。
[明規則]　定語從句的謂語如果是以介詞結尾的固定動詞短語,則不可把介詞提前。常見的這類動詞短語有listen to、look at、depend on、look for、pay attention to、take care of、look after、take part in、call on、catch up with、get along with、hear of、look forward to等。
關系代詞
[再運用]　補全句子
①As far as I know,he is a man _____________________________.
據我所知,他是一個很難相處的人。
②This is the baby ________________________________________.
這就是我奶奶照顧的那個嬰兒。
who is hard to get along with
whom/that my grandma takes care of
課 時 精 練
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
Ⅰ.用適當的關系詞或介詞填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.Is this the car ____________________which you paid a high price
2.Copper is one of the metals _____________________which we are most familiar.
3.We will be shown around some places______________________ visitors seldom visit.
for
with
which/that
4.We will be shown around some places________________ visitors seldom go.
5.I will never forget those years ____________________I lived in the countryside with the farmers.
6.I will never forget those years _____________________I spent in the countryside with the farmers.
7.We live in an age ___________________________________more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
where
when
which/that
when
8.Do you think the reason ___________________he was late is believable
9.This is the pilot with ___________________________________my brother has worked for ten years.
10.Maria has written two novels,both of ________________________ have been made into television series.
why
whom
which
Ⅱ.語法與寫作(每小題2分,共12分)
1.The person ______________________________________ is my best friend.
我最依賴的人是我最好的朋友。
2.The project _____________________________________________ will start next month.
我們期待的項目將于下個月開始。
whom/who/that I depend on the most
that/which we are looking forward to
3.The reason _____________________________________________ is not clear.
他拒絕邀請的原因不清楚。
4.There are more than 3,000 students in our school,the majority _________________________________________________________.
我們學校有3 000多名學生,大多數都能用心學習。
why/for which he refused the invitation
of whom can put their hearts into their studies
5.We live in an age ___________________________________________
____________________________________.
我們生活在一個比以前任何時候都更容易獲得更多信息的時代。
6.I desire to take part in the activity ____________________________
_________________________________________________________.
我渴望參加將于6月19日在學校報告廳舉行的活動。
when/at which more information is available
with greater ease than ever before
which/that will be held in
the school lecture hall on June 19
Ⅲ.語法與語篇(每小題2分,共14分)
根據漢語提示,用定語從句完成語段
A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing
Mary,1._________________________ (她的畫被展出) at the exhibition last month,is a model student 2._______________________ (經常受到表揚) for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall,our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3.________________________________ (被掛在墻上的) in front of us.
whose drawings were shown
who/that is often praised
that/which was hung on the wall
The horse 4.________________________________ (被畫在畫中的) was exactly like a real horse.The man 5._________________________ (騎在它上面的) looked like a living man.
It was the best picture 6.________________________________ (我見過的),and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7._____________________________ (我聽說過的).
which/that was drawn in the picture
who/that was riding on it
that I had ever seen
that I have ever heard of
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Raised in Bengaluru,Meera has always showed a keen interest in exploring the city’s rich heritage.She used to visit many lesser-known structures around the city.As an enthusiast,she enjoyed uncovering these hidden treasures and had always longed to make a meaningful contribution.
When she grew up,Meera worked as a writer,focusing on topics related to forests and science.She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation.
A key moment that redirected her career path was a visit to Devanahalli Fort.During her visit,she realized that there was a lack of information online about its history and heritage.The significance of this place was not only historical but also architectural.But there,she was shocked that it seemed as if no one even knew about it.
To preserve the forgotten heritage,she joined INTACH,a non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of unprotected architectural heritage all over India.There are thousands of monuments in the country protected by the government.However,there are also small temples,buildings,schools,and homes that hold historical significance but are ignored.Besides restoration and preservation,they host heritage talks to familiarize people with their city’s heritage.While they do welcome tourists and travelers,their emphasis on engaging the local population is evident.The organization also hosts several heritage walks to spread awareness about the hidden heritage.Also,the team starts from looking for a prospective building,then securing funding and then finding architects and engineers that are ideal for the project.
In the past years,they have restored buildings in and around Bengaluru such as Mayo Hall,Tipu’s Armoury,Gangubai Hangal,Museum,the Old OPD Building at NIMHANS which is now a museum,the Oriental Research Institute in Mysuru among others.
They face many issues,with funding being the major challenge.However,she felt jammy enough to find enthusiastic individuals wanting to contribute as well as government funding here and there.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Meera在去Devanahalli Fort的旅行中發現網上缺少關于這個地方的歷史與遺跡的信息,受此啟發,她開始致力于修復和保護被忽視的歷史遺跡。
1.What does Meera truly love
A.Writing articles.
B.Protecting heritage.
C.Studying science.
D.Exploring forests.
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段的“She initially pursued writing before discovering her true passion for heritage preservation.”可知,她真正的愛好是遺跡保護,故選B項。
√
2.What made Meera surprised about Devanahalli Fort
A.It had such a long history.
B.Its heritage was well protected.
C.Its history and heritage were unknown.
D.It was of great architectural importance.
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段的“During her visit...as if no one even knew about it.”可知,網上缺少關于Devanahalli Fort歷史與遺跡的信息,Devanahalli Fort有著重要的歷史和建筑意義,但似乎沒有人知道這個地方,對此她感到驚訝,故選C項。
√
3.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Meera and the team
A.Their advantages. B.Their efforts.
C.Their difficulties. D.Their spirits.
解析　段落大意題。本段主要介紹了Meera加入了致力于保護被忽略的歷史遺跡的組織,除了修復和保護歷史遺跡,他們還舉辦活動讓人們了解這些歷史遺跡。即,本段告訴我們為了保護歷史遺跡INTACH這個機構團體以及Meera所做的努力,故選B項。
√
4.What does the underlined word “jammy” mean in the last paragraph
A.Upset. B.Anxious.
C.Fortunate. D.Familiar.
解析　詞義猜測題。根據最后一段的“They face many issues,with funding being the major challenge.”可知,他們面臨很多問題,籌資是主要困難。再根據表示轉折的“However”可知,她感到非常幸運,因為可以得到個人和政府的捐助。所以畫線單詞的意思為“幸運的”,故選C項。
√
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
(2025·昆明市高一檢測)
Zhoushan Fishing Folk Painting,originating from Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province,is a vibrant (充滿活力的) and unique art form in order 1.____________ (show) the essence of seafaring life.This folk art style 2.________ (beautiful) describes scenes of fishing boats at sea,busy harbors,and diverse marine life through bold brushstrokes and vivid colors.The artists,many of whom 3.____________ (be) fishermen themselves,draw inspiration (靈感) from their personal experiences 4.____________ the rich cultural heritage of the region.
The artists begin with a detailed sketch,5.____________ (outline) the main elements and composition of the painting.Artists then fill in these outlines with bright,symbolic colors such as red,blue,and yellow,6.________ not only makes the artwork visually striking but also conveys themes of prosperity,good fortune,and happiness.Each stroke reflects the artist’s deep 7.____________ (connect) to the sea and his/her way of life.
Zhoushan Fishing Folk Painting has gained recognition both locally and internationally for 8.____________ (it) artistic value and cultural significance.It serves 9.________ a window into the lives of the Zhoushan people and their enduring relationship with the sea,making it 10.____________ important part of China’s intangible cultural heritage.Through these paintings,one can experience the resilience,joy,and hardships of the fishing community,celebrating their deep bond with the ocean.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了舟山漁民畫的起源、特點、創作過程以及其藝術和文化價值。
1.to show　 [考查非謂語動詞。句意:舟山漁民畫起源于浙江省的舟山,是一種充滿活力且獨特的藝術形式,旨在展示航海生活的精髓。根據空前的“in order”可知,應填動詞不定式表示目的,in order to do意為“為了……,目的是……”,故填to show。]
2.beautifully　 [考查詞性轉換。句意:這種民間藝術風格通過大膽的筆觸和生動的色彩,美麗地描述了海上漁船、繁忙的港口和多樣的海洋生物等場景。分析句子結構可知,空處應填副詞,修飾謂語動詞“describes”,故填beautifully。]
3.are　 [考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。句意:許多藝術家本身就是漁民,他們從個人經歷和豐富的地區文化遺產中汲取靈感。分析句子結構可知,“many of whom”引導定語從句,且在從句中充當主語,其后缺少謂語動詞;根據語境可知,本文主要是介紹舟山漁民畫,是客觀事實,故用一般現在時;又因主語“many of whom”指代“many of the artists”是復數形式,所以be要用復數形式,故填are。]
4.and　 [考查連詞。句意同上。根據句意以及“their personal experiences”和“the rich cultural heritage of the region”可知,藝術家從個人經歷汲取靈感,也從豐富的地區文化遺產中汲取靈感,所以此處是并列結構,故填and。]
5.outlining　 [考查非謂語動詞。句意:藝術家們從詳細的草圖開始,勾勒出繪畫的主要元素和構圖。分析句子結構可知,“begin”是句子謂語動詞,所以空處填非謂語動詞;已給詞outline是動詞,意為“勾勒,描畫……的輪廓”,與其邏輯主語“the artists”是主動關系,用動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語,故填outlining。]
6.which　 [考查定語從句。句意:藝術家們用紅、藍、黃等鮮艷的象征性色彩填充草圖,不僅使作品在視覺上引人注目,還傳達了繁榮、好運和幸福的主題。分析句子結構可知,設空處及其后的內容是非限制性定語從句,且設空處作從句的主語,which可引導非限制性定語從句,修飾限定空前“藝術家們用這些鮮艷的象征性色彩填充草圖”這件事,故填which。]
7.connection　 [考查詞性轉換。句意:每一筆都反映了藝術家與海洋及其生活方式的深厚聯系。根據空前“deep”可知,空處填名詞;已給詞connect是動詞,名詞是不可數名詞,故填connection。]
8.its　 [考查代詞。句意:舟山漁民畫因其藝術價值和文化意義在國內外都獲得了認可。根據空后的“artistic value”可知,空處應填it的形容詞性物主代詞,故填its。]
9.as　 [考查介詞。句意:它成為了解舟山人民的生活及其與海洋持久關系的窗口。根據句意可知,“serve as”是固定搭配,意為“充當,擔任”,故填as。]
10.an　 [考查冠詞。句意:使其成為中國非物質文化遺產的重要組成部分。分析句子結構可知,“important part”前缺少限定詞;又根據語境可知,此處的“重要部分”表示泛指,又因“important”的發音以元音音素開頭,故填an。]

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