資源簡介

Part 1　Reading Comprehension
Step One:While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the main idea of the passage
A.The author regrets what she is doing.
B.What it means and takes to get to the top.
C.How to be an Olympic athlete.
D.Worries from the author’s friends about her present situation.
答案　B
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Paras.1-3)　A.Reasons for pushing myself to the limits
Part 2(Paras.4-5) 　B.Efforts for getting to the top
Part 3(Paras.6-8) 　C.Worries from my friends and fears facing me
答案　Part 1 C　Part 2 A　Part 3 B
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the writer do
A.A professional writer.
B.An Olympic athlete.
C.A rugby coach.
D.A swimming player.
2.Why did the writer say she ruined a family holiday in France
A.Because searching for swimming pool cost too much time.
B.Because she was too busy hiring a car.
C.Because she spent much time waiting for her friends.
D.Because she became angry after a tiring match.
3.What’s the main idea of paragraph 5
A.The author’s childhood.
B.The author’s inside drive to do the best.
C.The author’s sport as a child.
D.The author’s swimming experience as a small girl.
4.Which words can be used to describe the author
A.Determined and ambitious.
B.Committed and depressed.
C.Pessimistic and disciplined.
D.Emotional and persistent.
5.Where is probably the passage from
A.A fashion magazine.
B.An academic paper.
C.A personal blog.
D.A travel journal.
答案　1.B　2.A　3.B　4.A　5.C
Step Two:Post reading
Ⅰ.難句解構(gòu)
1.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.
[學(xué)會斷句]　句中系表結(jié)構(gòu)was worried后接兩個并列的賓語從句,that在賓語從句中沒有意義,也不作成分,第一個that可以省略,但第二個that不可以省略。
嘗試翻譯:他擔(dān)心和我一起訓(xùn)練不再是一件愉悅的事情,擔(dān)心我處于只剩下世界冠軍的獎牌而無人可以分享的危險境地。
2.If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
[學(xué)會斷句]　本句包含一個由If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,主句是一個強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),對主語進(jìn)行了強調(diào)。you have done in your preparation為省略了關(guān)系代詞的定語從句。
嘗試翻譯:如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
Ⅱ.翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂(課文語法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
As an Olympic athlete,I push 1.myself (I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2.being left (leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training.
To be the top in sport,I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day to day 3.basis (base).I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4.to handle (handle).I have little time to get together with my families.In France,in order to find a swimming pool to train in,I 5.ruined (ruin) a family holiday.It boils down to this:I was born with 6.an enormous amount of drive and determination.7.Since my childhood,I have always lived my life to extremes.
You may think my lifestyle is 8.unhealthy (healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However,if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform,you had better be 9.totally (total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10.from other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness.
[原文呈現(xiàn)] GETTING TO THE TOP
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin① family holidays and skip② nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.“We’re worried about you,”said my friend from across the table.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with③ only a world championship medal and no one to share it with[1].
[1]第二個and連接的兩個并列成分作being left with的賓語,其中不定式短語to share it with作后置定語修飾one。
I could have become angry or defensive④.Don’t they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport[2] Don’t they know what it takes to get there However,deep down I knew elements⑤ of what he was saying were right[3].I was always tired and every workout⑥ had a mental intensity⑦ that seemed too much for most to handle.I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy.
[2]how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作know的賓語;從句中it為形式主語,不定式短語to be at the top in sport為真正的主語。
[3]what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作of的賓語。
These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis⑧.Who am I doing this for How much is too much Why am I doing this How can I be so selfish⑨ What are the sacrifices⑩ for [4]
[4]一系列疑問句體現(xiàn)作者的心理活動。
I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed,ruining a family holiday in France[5] because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in[6],almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes .The list is endless.
[5]動詞-ing形式短語作狀語。ruin與其邏輯主語之間為主謂關(guān)系。
[6]不定式短語作后置定語修飾a swimming pool。
It boils down to this:I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination.From a small girl,I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play;I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games;I was the only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.I have always lived my life to extremes.Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.[7]
[7]本句為but連接的并列復(fù)合句,其中no matter what引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“無論什么”。
Being a professional athlete is no different.If you want to be an Olympic champion[8],it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation[9] that will set you apart from your competitors.
[8]If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
[9]省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句。
Can this be overdone Absolutely.But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner’s platform,you had better be totally committed to your sport.In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee,even if it means getting injured [10],“I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.”
[10]even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
Doing what we do as athletes[11] sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top.It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.
[11]動詞-ing形式短語作主語,其中what we do為what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作Doing的賓語,what在該從句中作do的賓語。
[名師圈點]
①ruin / ru n/ vt.毀壞,毀掉,糟蹋
②skip /sk p/ vt.不做(本來應(yīng)做的事),不參加 vi.蹦跳著走
③be left with被留給,剩有
④defensive /d fens v/ adj.戒備的,懷有戒心的,自衛(wèi)的;防御的
defend /d fend/ vt.& vi.防御,保護,保衛(wèi) vt.辯解,辯白
defense /dI fens/ n.防御,保護,保衛(wèi);防御物,防御能力
⑤element / el m nt/ n.要素;基本部分
⑥workout / w ka t/ n.鍛煉,訓(xùn)練
⑦intensity / n tens ti/ n.強烈,緊張,劇烈;強度,烈度
⑧on a day-to-day/daily basis按每日一次的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
day-to-day adj.按日計劃的,逐日的,每天的
basis / be s s/ n.基準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)則,方式;原因,緣由;基礎(chǔ),要素,基點
⑨selfish / self / adj.自私的,自私自利的
⑩sacrifice / s kr fa s/ n.犧牲,舍棄 vt.犧牲,獻(xiàn)出
countless / ka ntl s/ adj.無數(shù)的,數(shù)不勝數(shù)的,數(shù)不盡的(常作前置定語)
hire /ha / vt.租用,租借
triathlete /tra θli t/ n.鐵人三項運動員
boil down to sth歸結(jié)為,基本問題是;要點是
[近義]come down to歸結(jié)為;取決于
boil /b Il/ vi.& vt.(使)沸騰,煮沸
enormous amount of大量的
enormous / n m s/ adj.巨大的,龐大的,極大的
drive /dra v/ n.沖勁,干勁,精力
stay in待在家里,不外出
get ahead占據(jù)優(yōu)勢
length /le θ/ n.游泳池長度;長度
rugby / r ɡbi/ n.(英式)橄欖球
roll /r l/ v.在此表示“行動,做”。
apply oneself to (doing) sth使自己致力于(做)某事;使(注意力等)專注于(做)某事(to是介詞)
set sb/sth apart 使與眾不同,使突出,使優(yōu)于
apart / pɑ t/ adj.& adv.散開;分開
platform / pl tf m/ n.舞臺,講臺;站臺,月臺
injured / nd d/ adj.受傷的,有傷的
injury / nd ri/ n.(對軀體的)傷害,損傷;(對感情的)傷害,挫傷
escape injury險受傷害
injury to the head/head injury頭部受傷
outstanding /a t st nd / adj.優(yōu)秀的,杰出的,出色的;突出的,重要的
outstanding player/achievement/success杰出的運動員/成績/成就
average / v r d / adj.普通的,平常的,一般的;平庸的 n.平均水平;平均數(shù)
normal / n m l/ adj.正常的,平常的,一般的,典型的
[參考譯文] 走向頂峰
為什么奧林匹克運動員要將自己逼到極限呢 作為一名奧林匹克運動員,我錯過生日聚會、毀掉了家庭假期、放棄夜晚外出,但是放棄這么多是有合理的理由的。“我們很擔(dān)心你。” 坐在我對面的朋友說。他擔(dān)心和我一起訓(xùn)練不再是一件愉悅的事情,擔(dān)心我處于只剩下世界冠軍的獎牌而無人可以分享的危險境地。
我本可以生氣或者辯解一下的。難道他們不知道在運動中處于頂峰有多難嗎 難道他們不知道走向頂峰需要付出多少嗎 然而,在內(nèi)心深處,我知道他說的是對的。我總是疲憊不堪,每次鍛煉帶來的心理壓力對于大多數(shù)人來說都難以應(yīng)對。我把極限提升到了大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為超出健康的程度。
這些是我作為職業(yè)運動員日常面臨的恐懼。我這樣做是為了誰 太多是多少 我為什么要這樣做 我怎么能這么自私 這些犧牲是為了什么
我想到了曾經(jīng)錯過的無數(shù)生日派對和本來可以外出狂歡的夜晚;因為一直尋找可以訓(xùn)練的游泳池,而破壞了一次去法國的家庭假期;我正忙著在約翰內(nèi)斯堡市中心租車,開車闖過“禁行”區(qū),以便和當(dāng)?shù)氐蔫F人三項運動員一起騎行訓(xùn)練,而差點錯過哥哥的婚禮。這樣的事情不計其數(shù)。
歸根結(jié)底,我天生就是個特別有干勁和意志力的人。我還是個小女孩時,為了在課業(yè)上名列前茅,午餐時間我會待在家里學(xué)習(xí)而不出去玩;十歲的時候,當(dāng)別的孩子在游泳池戲水時,我會自己乘坐公共汽車去游泳
池游50個來回;我是有250個男孩的橄欖球俱樂部里的唯一一個女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到極致。你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行,但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
成為一名職業(yè)運動員也不例外。如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
這過分嗎 當(dāng)然。但如果你的夢想是成為最棒的并站上勝利者的獎臺,你最好全身心投入運動項目中。用英國鐵人三項運動員阿利斯泰爾·布朗利的話來說,即使這意味著受傷,“與其平平庸庸度過十年,我更愿意擁有三到四年的勝利輝煌。”
做運動員讓我們與眾不同,因為我們愿意做到那額外的一點點,以使我們走向頂峰。它當(dāng)然不是一種平衡的生活方式,也肯定不尋常,但尋常、平衡這些詞是不會用來形容為偉大而努力的人的。(共37張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Lesson 3
Part 1　Reading Comprehension
文本整體理解
內(nèi)
容
索
引
語篇助解釋疑
文 本 整 體 理 解
Step One:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the main idea of the passage
A.The author regrets what she is doing.
B.What it means and takes to get to the top.
C.How to be an Olympic athlete.
D.Worries from the author’s friends about her present situation.
√
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Paras.1-3)　A.Reasons for pushing myself to the limits
Part 2(Paras.4-5) 　B.Efforts for getting to the top
Part 3(Paras.6-8) 　C.Worries from my friends and fears facing me
答案　Part 1 C　Part 2 A　Part 3 B
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
fun
championship
share
tired
sacrifices
drive
determination
extremes
platform
average
sport
preparations
committed
strive
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the writer do
A.A professional writer.
B.An Olympic athlete.
C.A rugby coach.
D.A swimming player.
√
2.Why did the writer say she ruined a family holiday in France
A.Because searching for swimming pool cost too much time.
B.Because she was too busy hiring a car.
C.Because she spent much time waiting for her friends.
D.Because she became angry after a tiring match.
√
3.What’s the main idea of paragraph 5
A.The author’s childhood.
B.The author’s inside drive to do the best.
C.The author’s sport as a child.
D.The author’s swimming experience as a small girl.
√
4.Which words can be used to describe the author
A.Determined and ambitious.
B.Committed and depressed.
C.Pessimistic and disciplined.
D.Emotional and persistent.
√
5.Where is probably the passage from
A.A fashion magazine.
B.An academic paper.
C.A personal blog.
D.A travel journal.
√
Step Two:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構(gòu)
1.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.
[學(xué)會斷句]　句中系表結(jié)構(gòu)　　　　　　　后接兩個并列的賓語從句,　　　　　　在賓語從句中沒有意義,也不作成分,第一個that可以省略,但第二個that不可以省略。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
was worried
that
他擔(dān)心和我一起訓(xùn)練不再是一件愉悅的事情,擔(dān)心我處于只剩下世界冠軍的獎牌而無人可以分享的危險境地。
2.If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
[學(xué)會斷句]　本句包含一個由　　　　　　　 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,主句是一個強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),對　　　　　　進(jìn)行了強調(diào)。you have done in your preparation為省略了關(guān)系代詞的　　　　　　　從句。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
If
主語
定語
如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
Ⅱ.翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂(課文語法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
As an Olympic athlete,I push 1.　　　　　　　　 (I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2.　　　　　　　　 (leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training.
myself
being left
To be the top in sport,I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day-to-day 3.　　　　　　　　　　　 (base).I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4.　　　　　　　　 (handle).I have little time to get together with my families.In France,in order to find a swimming pool to train in,I 5.　　　　　　　 (ruin) a family holiday.It boils down to this:I was born with 6.　　　　　　　 enormous amount of drive and determination.7.　　　　　　　　 my childhood,I have always lived my life to extremes.
basis
to handle
ruined
an
Since
You may think my lifestyle is 8.　　　　　　　　　 (healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However,if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform,you had better be 9.　　　　　　　　 (total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10.　　　　　　 other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness.
unhealthy
totally
from
語 篇 助 解 釋 疑
GETTING TO THE TOP
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin① family holidays and skip② nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.“We’re worried about you,”said my friend from across the table.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with③ only a world championship medal and no one to share it with[1].
[1]第二個and連接的兩個并列成分作being left with的賓語,其中不定式短語to share it with作后置定語修飾one。
[原文呈現(xiàn)]
I could have become angry or defensive④.Don’t they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport[2] Don’t they know what it takes to get there However,deep down I knew elements⑤ of what he was saying were right[3].I was always tired and every workout⑥ had a mental intensity⑦ that seemed too much for most to handle.I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy.
[2]how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作know的賓語;從句中it為形式主語,不定式短語to be at the top in sport為真正的主語。
[3]what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作of的賓語。
These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis⑧.Who am I doing this for How much is too much Why am I doing this How can I be so selfish⑨ What are the sacrifices⑩ for [4]
[4]一系列疑問句體現(xiàn)作者的心理活動。
I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed,ruining a family holiday in France[5] because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in[6],almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes .The list is endless.
[5]動詞-ing形式短語作狀語。ruin與其邏輯主語之間為主謂關(guān)系。
[6]不定式短語作后置定語修飾a swimming pool。
It boils down to this:I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination.From a small girl,I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play;I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games;I was the only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.I have always lived my life to extremes.Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll ,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to .[7]
[7]本句為but連接的并列復(fù)合句,其中no matter what引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“無論什么”。
Being a professional athlete is no different.If you want to be an Olympic champion[8],it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation[9] that will set you apart from your competitors.
[8]If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
[9]省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句。
Can this be overdone Absolutely.But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner’s platform ,you had better be totally committed to your sport.In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee,even if it means getting injured [10],“I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average .”
[10]even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
Doing what we do as athletes[11] sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top.It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal
but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.
[11]動詞-ing形式短語作主語,其中what we do為what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作Doing的賓語,what在該從句中作do的賓語。
[名師圈點]
①ruin / ru n/ vt.毀壞,毀掉,糟蹋
②skip /sk p/ vt.不做(本來應(yīng)做的事),不參加 vi.蹦跳著走
③be left with被留給,剩有
④defensive /d fens v/ adj.戒備的,懷有戒心的,自衛(wèi)的;防御的
defend /d fend/ vt.& vi.防御,保護,保衛(wèi) vt.辯解,辯白
defense /dI fens/ n.防御,保護,保衛(wèi);防御物,防御能力
⑤element / el m nt/ n.要素;基本部分
⑥workout / w ka t/ n.鍛煉,訓(xùn)練
⑦intensity / n tens ti/ n.強烈,緊張,劇烈;強度,烈度
⑧on a day-to-day/daily basis按每日一次的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
day-to-day adj.按日計劃的,逐日的,每天的
basis / be s s/ n.基準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)則,方式;原因,緣由;基礎(chǔ),要素,基點
⑨selfish / self / adj.自私的,自私自利的
⑩sacrifice / s kr fa s/ n.犧牲,舍棄 vt.犧牲,獻(xiàn)出
countless / ka ntl s/ adj.無數(shù)的,數(shù)不勝數(shù)的,數(shù)不盡的(常作前置定語)
hire /ha / vt.租用,租借
triathlete /tra θli t/ n.鐵人三項運動員
boil down to sth歸結(jié)為,基本問題是;要點是
[近義]come down to歸結(jié)為;取決于
boil /b Il/ vi.& vt.(使)沸騰,煮沸
enormous amount of大量的
enormous / n m s/ adj.巨大的,龐大的,極大的
drive /dra v/ n.沖勁,干勁,精力
stay in待在家里,不外出
get ahead占據(jù)優(yōu)勢
length /le θ/ n.游泳池長度;長度
rugby / r ɡbi/ n.(英式)橄欖球
[參考譯文]
走向頂峰
為什么奧林匹克運動員要將自己逼到極限呢 作為一名奧林匹克運動員,我錯過生日聚會、毀掉了家庭假期、放棄夜晚外出,但是放棄這么多是有合理的理由的。“我們很擔(dān)心你。” 坐在我對面的朋友說。他擔(dān)心和我一起訓(xùn)練不再是一件愉悅的事情,擔(dān)心我處于只剩下世界冠軍的獎牌而無人可以分享的危險境地。
我本可以生氣或者辯解一下的。難道他們不知道在運動中處于頂峰有多難嗎 難道他們不知道走向頂峰需要付出多少嗎 然而,在內(nèi)心深處,我知道他說的是對的。我總是疲憊不堪,每次鍛煉帶來的心理壓力對于大多數(shù)人來說都難以應(yīng)對。我把極限提升到了大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為超出健康的程度。
這些是我作為職業(yè)運動員日常面臨的恐懼。我這樣做是為了誰 太多是多少 我為什么要這樣做 我怎么能這么自私 這些犧牲是為了什么
我想到了曾經(jīng)錯過的無數(shù)生日派對和本來可以外出狂歡的夜晚;因為一直尋找可以訓(xùn)練的游泳池,而破壞了一次去法國的家庭假期;我正忙著在約翰內(nèi)斯堡市中心租車,開車闖過“禁行”區(qū),以便和當(dāng)?shù)氐蔫F人三項運動員一起騎行訓(xùn)練,而差點錯過哥哥的婚禮。這樣的事情不計其數(shù)。
歸根結(jié)底,我天生就是個特別有干勁和意志力的人。我還是個小女孩時,為了在課業(yè)上名列前茅,午餐時間我會待在家里學(xué)習(xí)而不出去玩;十歲的時候,當(dāng)別的孩子在游泳池戲水時,我會自己乘坐公共汽車去游泳池游50個來回;我是有250個男孩的橄欖球俱樂部里的唯一一個女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到極致。你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行,但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
成為一名職業(yè)運動員也不例外。如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
這過分嗎 當(dāng)然。但如果你的夢想是成為最棒的并站上勝利者的獎臺,你最好全身心投入運動項目中。用英國鐵人三項運動員阿利斯泰爾·布朗利的話來說,即使這意味著受傷,“與其平平庸庸度過十年,我更愿意擁有三到四年的勝利輝煌。”
做運動員讓我們與眾不同,因為我們愿意做到那額外的一點點,以使我們走向頂峰。它當(dāng)然不是一種平衡的生活方式,也肯定不尋常,但尋常、平衡這些詞是不會用來形容為偉大而努力的人的。Part 2　Language points
[核心單詞·練通]
1.entry / entri/ n.條目
2.ruin / ru In/ vt.毀掉,糟蹋,毀壞
3.skip /skIp/ vt.不做(本來應(yīng)做的事);蹦跳著走
4.hire /haI / vt.租用
5.boil /b Il/ vi.& vt.(使)沸騰,煮沸
6.platform / pl tf m/ n.舞臺;月臺
7.outstanding /a t st ndI / adj.杰出的,優(yōu)秀的
8.average / v rId / adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的 n.平均水平;平均數(shù)
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.extreme /Ik stri m/ n.極端→extremely adv.極端地;很;極其
2.defensive /dI fensIv/ adj.戒備的,自衛(wèi)的→defend vt.保衛(wèi);防御→defense n.保衛(wèi);防御
3.intensity /In tens ti/ n.強度;強烈→intense adj.很大的,十分強烈的
4.selfish / selfI / adj.自私的,自私自利的→self n.自我,自己→selfless adj.無私的
5.countless / ka ntl s/ adj.無數(shù)的,數(shù)不盡的→count v.數(shù);重要→counter n.柜臺;(電子)計數(shù)器
6.length /le θ/ n.長度→long adj.長的→lengthen vt.& vi.(使)變長
7.injured / Ind d/ adj.受傷的→injure vt.
損害;傷害→injury n.傷害;損害
8.normal / n m l/ adj.正常的,平常的→
normally adv.通常,正常情況下→
abnormal adj.反常的;變態(tài)的
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.strive /straIv/ vi.努力;奮斗
2.encyclopaedia /In saIkl pi di / n.百科全書
3.academic / k demIk/ adj.學(xué)術(shù)的
4.element / el m nt/ n.基本部分;要素
5.workout / w ka t/ n.訓(xùn)練,鍛煉
6.sacrifice / s kr faIs/ n.犧牲
7.triathlete /traI θli t/ n.鐵人三項運動員
8.enormous /I n m s/ adj.巨大的,龐大的
9.rugby / r ɡbi/ n.(英式)橄欖球
10.apart / p t/ adj.& adv.分開;散開
[重點短語·再現(xiàn)]
1.in danger of 處于……危險中
2.apply oneself to sth 努力;專心致志于某事
3.set sb/sth apart 使與眾不同
4.deep down 在心底;實際上
5.on a day to day basis 日常
6.boil down to sth 歸結(jié)為;要點是
7.stay in 待在家里
8.strive for 為……而努力
[典型句式·默背]
根據(jù)課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　動作鏈描寫
[教材原句]　As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin family holidays and skip nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.
作為一名奧林匹克運動員,我錯過生日聚會、毀掉了家庭假期、放棄夜晚外出,但是放棄這么多是有合理的理由的。
2.[句型公式]　情態(tài)動詞+have done
[教材原句]　I could have become angry or defensive.
我本可以生氣或者辯解一下的。
3.[句型公式]　while表示對比
[教材原句]　I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games.
十歲的時候,當(dāng)別的孩子在游泳池戲水時,我會自己乘坐公共汽車去游泳池游50個來回。
4.[句型公式]　強調(diào)句型
[教材原句]　If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
5.[句型公式]　no matter what引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
[教材原句]　Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.
你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行,但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
核心單詞練透
1.ruin vt.毀掉,糟蹋,毀壞;使破產(chǎn)
教材原文　As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin family holidays and skip nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.
作為一名奧林匹克運動員,我錯過生日聚會、毀掉了家庭假期、放棄夜晚外出,但是放棄這么多是有合理的理由的。
感知　語言先輸入
①On returning to the town,they were shocked to find their neighborhood in ruins.
②The heavy rain brought our holiday to ruin.
③The old temple fell into ruin in the heavy rain.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)in ruins　　　　　 破敗不堪;嚴(yán)重受損
lie/be in ruins 成為廢墟
fall into ruin 毀滅;毀壞
bring...to ruin 使……毀滅;使……沒落;使……破產(chǎn)
(2)ruin sth/sb 毀壞某物/某人
ruin oneself 自我毀滅
[名師指津]　在“in+名詞”類短語中,只有in ruins、in tears和in rags這三個短語中的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,其余均用單數(shù)形式,如in trouble、in danger、in anger、in need等。
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子/同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
①The young man is an alcoholic,and he will ruin himself (he) by drinking too much sooner or later.
②Seeing our city in ruins,we buried our faces in our hands,bursting into tears.
看到我們的城市變成廢墟,我們雙手掩面,放聲大哭起來。
③You can’t change the past,but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future.(主旨升華)
你改變不了過去,但如果你憂慮未來,將會毀了現(xiàn)在。
④Unluckily,the earthquake ruined the whole village.
→Unluckily,the whole village lay/was in ruins/fell into ruin after the earthquake.
2.apart adj.& adv.分開;散開
教材原文　If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
感知　語言先輸入
①Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach,the forest was silent.
②His use of language set him apart from most other modern writers.
③Ultimately,their country fell apart because of political conflicts.
記牢　知識再梳理
apart from 　　　　 除……之外;除了……還
set...apart (from) 使……(與……)不同
fall apart 破碎;破裂;崩潰
take...apart 拆開
[名師指津]　apart from作“除……以外”講時,既可表示“包括”之意,相當(dāng)于besides;也可表示“不包括”之意,相當(dāng)于except;還可以表示在說明整個基本情況后,對細(xì)節(jié)加以糾正,相當(dāng)于except for。
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Apart from the injuries to his face and hands,he broke both legs.
②Her clear and elegant prose sets her apart from most other journalists.
她的散文凝練高雅,使得她與多數(shù)其他新聞工作者不同。
③Others fall apart under pressure,while a few people do well despite the pressure.
其他人在壓力下崩潰了,而一些人盡管有壓力卻做得很好。
④When he saw the old clock,he took it apart,found what was wrong,and put the whole thing together again.(動作鏈描寫)
當(dāng)他看到那個舊鐘時,他把它拆開,找出哪里出了問題,然后把整個鐘重新組裝起來。
3.injured adj.受傷的
教材原文　...,even if it means getting injured,...　……,即使這意味著受傷,……
感知　語言先輸入
①Ambulances took the injured to a nearby hospital.
②He lost control of the car,crashed into the truck and got seriously injured.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)the injured 　　　　 傷者;傷員
get/be injured 受傷
(2)injure vt. 傷害;損害
(3)injury n. 傷,損害
do sb an injury 傷害某人
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Doctors worked around the clock to save lives of the injured (injure) passengers.
②But now,because my left foot was/got injured in the football game,I cannot go with you as planned.
但現(xiàn)在,由于我的左腳在足球比賽中受傷了,我不能像計劃的那樣和你一起去了。
③There’s no denying that the attack has done a severe injury to his reputation.
不可否認(rèn),這次攻擊已經(jīng)對他的名譽造成了嚴(yán)重的損害。
4.average adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的 n.平均水平;平均數(shù)
教材原文　...I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.
……與其平平庸庸度過十年,我更愿意擁有三到四年的勝利輝煌。
感知　語言先輸入
①All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes every day on average.
②Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at the screens.
③His academic performance is well above average,but he is still modest and helpful.(人物介紹)
記牢　知識再梳理
on average 　　　　 平均來看
an average of 平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)
up to (the) average 達(dá)到平均水平
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子/完成語段
①Compared to younger generations,and so,on average,the world population becomes older than before.
②During the summer holiday,we can spend an average of three hours on a daily basis on online learning.
在暑假期間,我們可以平均每天花三個小時在線學(xué)習(xí)。
③The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher whose teaching level is far above average.He is of average height and wears a pair of glasses.(全國Ⅰ卷)
我最尊敬的人是我的語文老師,他的教學(xué)水平遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于平均水平。他中等身高,戴著一副眼鏡。
片段鞏固(賽場上的拼搏)　用ruin;injury;injured;average完成心理、動作描寫的片段
　　他在賽場上摔倒了,心中充滿絕望。夢想在這一刻似乎被毀滅,身上的傷讓他感到無比脆弱。觀眾的歡呼聲漸漸遠(yuǎn)去,仿佛將他與成功的距離拉得越來越遠(yuǎn)。他知道,失敗在成長的過程中是平常的,受傷的雙腳都在提醒他,只有經(jīng)歷挫折,才能迎來真正的勝利。
He fell down on the field,filled with despair.At that moment,his dream 1.seemed to be ruined.2.The injury in his body made him feel incredibly weak.The cheers of the crowd faded,pulling him further from success.He knew 3.that failure is average in the process of growing up (賓語從句);4.the injured feet reminded him that only through setbacks 5.could he truly embrace victory(倒裝句).
短語句式通關(guān)　
1.apply oneself to sth努力;專心致志于某事
教材原文　Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行,但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
感知　語言先輸入
①After applying a little ointment to his hand,Jeff soon applied himself to cleaning up the kitchen.(動作描寫,新高考Ⅰ卷)
②I am writing to apply for a British Council scholarship to study in Britain.
記牢　知識再梳理
apply (to...) for... 　 (向……)申請……
apply to 適用于;與……有關(guān)
apply...to... 把……運用到……;把……涂到……
[名師指津]　表示“專心于……”的動詞短語還有:devote oneself to、occupy oneself in、absorb oneself in等。
運用　完成句子
①Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month,I am writing to apply for the chance to become a volunteer.
得知下個月美術(shù)館將舉辦中國畫展,我寫信申請一個成為志愿者的機會。
②We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
我們必須把我們所學(xué)到的知識應(yīng)用到我們的日常工作中,因為在任何情況下都不應(yīng)該把理論與實踐分開。
2.句型公式:the way作先行詞的定語從句;no matter what引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
教材原文　Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行,但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
感知　語言先輸入
①Can you tell me the way (that/which) you use to solve the problem
②Can you tell me the way (in which/that) you solve the problem
③No matter how many times I fail,I will pick myself up and keep trying.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)the way作先行詞時,如果在定語從句中作主語或賓語,用關(guān)系代詞that/which 引導(dǎo)定語從句;如果在定語從句中作狀語,則用that或者in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句,關(guān)系詞可以省略。
(2)no matter+疑問詞(when/how/where/who/whom/what/which)可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“不論……;無論……;不管……”,相當(dāng)于疑問詞+ever (whenever/however/wherever/whoever/whomever/whatever/whichever)。
運用　完成句子
①Frankly speaking,there are a wide range of ways that/which are of great benefit/very beneficial to our English learning,but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
坦率地說,有一系列對我們英語學(xué)習(xí)十分有益的方法,但是找到最適合你的是非常重要的。
②I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way (that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse.
我?guī)缀跻罎⒘?這時我爸爸想出一個我們能夠返回叔叔的農(nóng)舍的好方法。
③Wherever/No matter where you go,whatever/no matter what you do,I’ll be right here waiting for you.
無論你身在何處,無論你為何忙碌,我都會在此守候。
3.句型公式:強調(diào)句型
教材原文　If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
感知　語言先輸入
①It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued successfully.
②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry
③Where was it that you found the library book
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)強調(diào)句型的陳述句:It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分
(2)強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句:Is/Was it+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分
(3)強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句:疑問詞+is/was+it+that+其他部分
(4)not...until...句型的強調(diào)句型:It is/was not until+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他部分
[名師指津]　
(1)強調(diào)句型通常用來強調(diào)句子的主語、賓語、狀語等,不能強調(diào)謂語。對句子的謂語強調(diào)時用“do/does/did+動詞原形”(僅限于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài))。
(2)判斷句子是否為強調(diào)句型的方法:把it is/was和that/who去掉,再把被強調(diào)部分歸位到它本來的位置,若句子完整,則為強調(diào)句。
運用　完成句子
①It was at the moment that he was discouraged like a deflated ball.(情緒描寫)
就是在那一刻,他灰心喪氣,像一個泄氣的皮球。
②It was not until eleven o’clock that we finally reached the top of the mountain.
直到十一點鐘,我們才最終到達(dá)山頂。
③It was the twins rather than their father that were taking the breakfast upstairs.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
送早餐上樓的是這對雙胞胎,而不是他們的父親。
④I do hope you will stay for supper.
我真的希望你能留下來吃晚飯。
⑤It was last Sunday that witnessed a 5 km cross country running race held by our school.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
上周日,我校舉行了一場5公里越野賽。
⑥When was it that he started to do the project
他到底何時開始做這個項目的
⑦Was it in the office that he saw you just now
他剛才見你的地方是在辦公室嗎
片段鞏固(堅持不懈迎接成功)　用apply oneself to;the way 作先行詞的定語從句;no matter what引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;強調(diào)句型完成心理、動作描寫的片段
　　他努力且專心致志于訓(xùn)練,盡管每一次失敗都讓他感到沮喪。無論遇到什么困難,他都不愿放棄。每一次跌倒,他都堅定地站起來,心中默念:“我成功的唯一方式就是堅持不懈。”他明白,只有經(jīng)歷挫折,他才能迎來真正的勝利。
He worked hard and 1.applied himself to training,even though each failure left him feeling frustrated.2.No matter what difficulties he faced,he refused to give up.Each time he fell,he stood up resolutely,reminding himself,“3.The only way I will succeed is through perseverance.” He understood that 4.it’s only by experiencing setbacks that he could truly win (強調(diào)句型).
高考熱點微練　
Ⅰ.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
1.Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.(全國甲卷)n.參賽作品
2.Hearing the annoying news,he was boiling with rage.v.發(fā)怒
3.Humor makes average looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining.(江蘇卷)adj.普通的
4.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins.(北京卷)n.廢墟
5.Because it is an area of outstanding natural beauty,the number of boats available for hire on the river is limited.n.出租
Ⅱ.選出skip的漢語意思
A.vi.蹦跳著走　B.vt.不做(本來應(yīng)做的事);不參加　C.vt.跳過,略過　D.vt.悄悄溜走
1.Two hard workout days every week is enough.If you really hate to skip a day,you can plan easy exercises on other days.
(2023·浙江1月卷)C
2.The bombers skipped the country shortly after the explosion.D
3.Before one of these workouts,the men skipped breakfast,meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食).(江蘇卷)B
4.She skipped happily along beside me when I told her the good news.A
[基礎(chǔ)語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.This dictionary has over 30,000 entries (條目).
2.My life is ruined (毀掉) and I suppose I only have myself to blame.
3.She says nothing will do her more good than skipping (跳) rope.
4.They have suffered an enormous (巨大的) personal tragedy.
5.As you know,the university has a good academic (學(xué)術(shù)的) reputation all over the country.
6.If you have to climb up,use a firm platform / pl tf m/ or a ladder.
7.The average / v rId / price of goods rose by just 2.2%.
8.I took my driving license with me on holiday,in case I wanted to hire a car.
9.As she waited for the water to boil,she walked into the living room.
10.Jiuzhaigou is a great attraction of outstanding natural beauty.
Ⅱ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.I think I’ve been very selfish (self).I’ve been mainly concerned with myself.
2.It’s a useful introduction to an extremely (extreme) complex subject.
3.The whale grows to a length (long) of three or four meters.
4.The kind volunteer had countless (count) pleasant conversations with the students he transported to and from school.
5.Modern people are often defensive (defend) about their private lives.
6.He told us that a warm sea would change the intensity (intense) of hurricanes.
7.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,and his right leg got injured (injure) seriously.
8.The rainy season in the Andes normally (normal) starts in December.
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
in danger of,apply oneself to,set...apart,stay in,boil down to,deep down
1.Shall we eat out or stay in It’s up to you.
2.His reasons for not wanting to go all boil down to the fact that he doesn’t have enough money.
3.I have so many friends,but deep down,I have a fear of loneliness.
4.After he retired,he would rather stay in applying himself to reading his favourite novels.
5.Her bright red scarf set her apart from the other girls.
6.Student will be in danger of getting expelled from school if he breaks school rules.
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(xùn)(每小題2分,共10分)
1.The boys rushed excitedly to the pool,took off their clothes and jumped into the water.(動作鏈描寫)
男孩子們興奮地沖到泳池,脫下衣服,跳進(jìn)了水里。
2.You could have done better,but you didn’t try your best.(情態(tài)動詞+have done)
你本可以做得更好,但是你沒有盡力而為。
3.Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness consists in struggle.(while表示對比)
人生主要由快樂和悲傷組成,而快樂在于奮斗。
4.It was on the top of the mountain that we saw the sunrise.(強調(diào)句型)
我們是在山頂上看到日出的。
5.Call me when you get there,no matter what the time is.(no matter what...)
無論什么時間,你到了那兒就給我打電話。
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共20分)
A
When we encounter a troublesome problem,we often gather a group to brainstorm.However,substantial evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together,we fail to maximize collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams,we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”.You start by asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately.Next,you pool them and share them among the group without:telling the authors.Then,each member evaluates them on his or her own,only after which do the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options.By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them,the team can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile.Given the urgency of the situation,the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions.Rather,they established a global brainwriting system to generate individual ideas.A 24 year old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone.This specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners,making it possible to save them.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works.They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation.In brainstorming meetings,it’s too easy for participation to become one sided in favor of the loudest voices.The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation.The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room.It’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity,but it doesn’t end there.Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone.That means they not only come up with more brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas.Therefore,it takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring out the best ideas!
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法”。大量證據(jù)表明,與單純的“頭腦風(fēng)暴”相比,“書面頭腦風(fēng)暴”可以最大限度地提高集體智慧,并挖掘團隊中隱藏的潛力。
1.What is special about brainwriting compared with brainstorming
A.It highlights independent work.
B.It encourages group cooperation.
C.It prioritizes quality over quantity.
D.It prefers writing to oral exchanges.
答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知,與頭腦風(fēng)暴相比,書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法的特別之處在于它強調(diào)獨立工作,故選A項。]
2.Why does the author mention the Chile mining accident in paragraph 3
A.To introduce a tool developed during brainwriting.
B.To praise a young man with brainwriting technique.
C.To illustrate a successful application of brainwriting.
D.To explain the role of brainwriting in communication.
答案　C　[寫作目的題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“An example of great brainwriting...trapped underground in Chile.”可知,作者在本段提到智利的采礦事故是為了說明書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法的成功應(yīng)用,故選C項。]
3.How does brainwriting promote collective intelligence according to paragraph 4
A.By blocking the loudest voices.
B.By allowing equal involvement.
C.By improving individual wisdom.
D.By generating more creative ideas.
答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“They find that the key to...make the room smarter.”可知,書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法要求每個人都參與,貢獻(xiàn)自己的智慧。因此,該方法是通過允許平等參與來提升集體智慧的,故選B項。]
4.What does the author suggest is necessary to identify the best ideas from a group’s brainstorming session in the last paragraph
A.Only focusing on the ideas generated by individuals.
B.Making sure that everyone has an equal chance to contribute.
C.Allowing each person to review ideas independently before discussing as a group.
D.Concentrating on the most unique suggestions put forward by the group.
答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Individuals produce a greater...bring out the best ideas!”可知,作者建議在作為一個團隊討論之前,每個人都應(yīng)該有機會獨立地評估不同觀點,這樣才能更有效地識別出最佳的觀點,故選C項。]
B
Allow me to list the short lived hobbies I started and quickly gave up when I didn’t succeed,pottery,softball,violin and designing new style T shirts.Uncomfortable to ask for help,I’d rather drop a hobby than give myself time to improve.Being challenged can make me angry sometimes.
Babies and children feel challenged almost at everything,because each experience is new.Adults,on the other hand,see anything less than doing really well as failure.If you’re at all like me,you protect yourself from this feeling and avoid hobbies that might show a lack of competence.
Although challenges can bring discomfort,we shouldn’t shy away from activities we enjoy simply because we aren’t great at them.As the season for new habits and hobbies comes,put your pride to one side,and embrace the challenge.
The way you think about your abilities can influence your performance.There are two ways people view success:fixed mindset and growth mindset.If you have a fixed mindset,you may believe you already have all the skills and abilities you will ever have and you may never improve with effort.Growth mindset is the belief that you can advance through hard work,support,and a different method.“To develop a growth mindset,remind yourself that the first time you began any endeavor,you probably met challenges,” says Daya Grant,a mental performance coach.“Then you got better.As you learn and build skills,however slowly,celebrate those little wins.A win is a win.It doesn’t really matter to the brain how big or small it is.”
“But If you love the challenge,” Grant says,“or enjoy the hard work,accept the fact that you may be doing the thing,whether it’s dancing or playing the violin,well enough.” This reminder is one I’ll take with me as I start new projects that I might not be naturally good at.Catch me at a pottery wheel or playing my guitar in my bedroom.Or don’t.The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了面對挑戰(zhàn)和失敗會有的態(tài)度,并提出了轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式才能更好地應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的觀點。
5.What’s the function of the first paragraph
A.To provide background information.
B.To bring about the topic of the passage.
C.To stress the importance of success.
D.To introduce his personal experience.
答案　B　[寫作目的題。第一段列舉了作者曾經(jīng)嘗試過但很快放棄的愛好,目的是引出文章的主題,即面對挑戰(zhàn)和失敗的態(tài)度,故選B項。]
6.What does the underlined word “this feeling” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Feeling confident almost at everything.
B.Dropping a hobby rather than improving it.
C.Seeing anything that can’t do well as failure.
D.Avoiding hobbies showing a lack of abilities.
答案　C　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Babies and children feel challenged...you protect yourself from”可知,this feeling指的是成年人將不能很好地完成某事視為失敗的感覺,故選C項。]
7.What does Daya Grant think is important in developing a growth mindset
A.Building practical and creative skills.
B.Asking for professional suggestions.
C.Having enough patience and confidence.
D.Developing a strong sense of competition.
答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“‘To develop a growth mindset...brain how big or small it is.’”可知,Daya Grant認(rèn)為在培養(yǎng)成長型思維時,重要的是要有足夠的耐心和信心,并慶祝每一個小的勝利,故選C項。]
8.What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph
A.He has developed his own ways of succeeding.
B.He has learned how to balance life and work.
C.He cares a lot about what others think of him.
D.He now learns how to embrace challenges.
答案　D　[推理判斷題。從最后一段“The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.”可以看出,作者現(xiàn)在學(xué)會了如何接受挑戰(zhàn),不再在意結(jié)果是否完美,故選D項。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
A dozen children ran around laughing and playing in the yard,while we parents sat chatting.The barbecue had been cleared away when our host announced a(an) 　1　.A huge movable rock wall was loaded in with indented footholds (凹陷的立足點) that stretched straight up for what looked like at least a hundred feet.The 　2　 kids rushed towards the wall.They swiftly 　3　 to give it a try,and with the complete 　4　 most children have,climbed to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point.There wasn’t really anything to be 　5　 of since they were belted into place.
“Come on,let’s go get in line,” my husband Neil 　6　,“No,you go ahead without me.” I had all sorts of good 　7　:I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.I have a unique talent for 　8　 unthinkable danger in almost every situation,and this scene seemed 　9　 to me.I watched everyone else having fun,though,and finally 　10　 myself to try it.
With all the 　11　 I could gather,I started the climb.The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to 　12　.“Yes,” I thought,“this is safe!” I 　13　 made my way up,concentrating on each foothold.I 　14　 looking down to prevent any sudden fear,and finally I made it to the top and proudly rang the bell.
I enjoyed my success.It was such a relief that I 　15　 my fear and reached the goal.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在一次燒烤聚會后,作者克服恐懼成功爬上攀巖墻的故事。
1.A.game B.race
C.danger D.emergency
答案　A　[根據(jù)后文“A huge movable rock wall...at least a hundred feet.”可知,此處指東道主為大家準(zhǔn)備了一個攀爬巖石墻的游戲,故選A項。]
2.A.angry B.annoying
C.cautious D.enthusiastic
答案　D　[根據(jù)后文“They swiftly 　　　　to give...hung at the highest point.”可知,此處指這些孩子充滿熱情,迫不及待地要攀爬,故選D項。]
3.A.turned back B.ran around
C.moved off D.lined up
答案　D　[根據(jù)空前“They swiftly”及空后“to give it a try”可知,此處指這些孩子迅速地排好隊等著攀爬,故選D項。]
4.A.aimlessness B.carelessness
C.fearlessness D.restlessness
答案　C　[根據(jù)空后“most children have,climbed to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point”可知,此處指孩子們毫不畏懼地完成了整個攀爬過程,故選C項。]
5.A.aware B.proud
C.afraid D.ashamed
答案　C　[根據(jù)下文“since they were belted into place”可知,此處指他們系著安全帶,因此沒什么可害怕的,故選C項。]
6.A.urged B.promised
C.complained D.whispered
答案　A　[根據(jù)前文“Come on,let’s go get in line”可知,此處指作者的丈夫催促作者一起排隊,故選A項。]
7.A.choices B.intentions
C.excuses D.experiences
答案　C　[根據(jù)空后“I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.”可知,這些都是作者為不想攀爬所找的借口,故選C項。]
8.A.forgetting B.seeing
C.creating D.ignoring
答案　B　[根據(jù)空后“unthinkable danger in almost every situation,and this scene seemed 　　　　to me”可知,此處指作者擅長看到那些想不到的危險,故選B項。]
9.A.precious B.dangerous
C.interesting D.dull
答案　B　[根據(jù)前文“‘No,you go ahead without me.’I had all sorts of good 　　　　:I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.”可知,此處指作者害怕攀爬是因為覺得這種情境似乎對她有危險,故選B項。]
10.A.forced B.forbade
C.commanded D.persuaded
答案　D　[根據(jù)空前“I watched everyone else having fun,though,and finally”可知,此處指作者最終說服自己嘗試一下,故選D項。]
11.A.courage B.wisdom
C.inspiration D.confusion
答案　A　[根據(jù)空后“I could gather,I started the climb”可知,此處指作者鼓足勇氣,開始攀爬,故選A項。]
12.A.move B.escape
C.fall D.ski
答案　C　[根據(jù)前文“The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to”及后文“I thought,‘this is safe!’”可知,此處指有安全帶是不可能掉落下來的,故選C項。]
13.A.immediately B.steadily
C.unwillingly D.hesitantly
答案　B　[根據(jù)后文“concentrating on each foothold”可知,此處指作者穩(wěn)步地向上爬,故選B項。]
14.A.kept B.tried
C.began D.avoided
答案　D　[根據(jù)后文“to prevent any sudden panic”可知,此處指作者避免往下看,故選D項。]
15.A.doubted B.overcame
C.gained D.presented
答案　B　[根據(jù)空后“my fear and reached the goal”可知,此處指作者克服了自己的恐懼,完成了目標(biāo),故選B項。]
Ⅲ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art—that of “Beijing silk figurine (北京絹人)”.In 1997,she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent 1.　　　　　　 entire year making several figurines,only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost potentially the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and 2.　　　　　　　 (demand) handicraft techniques,” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products,but their price 3.　　　　　　 (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang 4.　　　　 they needed:finding ways to reduce production costs.She made many creative and bold 5.　　　　　　 (adapt) to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes,6.　　　　　　 (cut) the price to less than a tenth of the original one.However,7.　　　　　　 (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship,she preserved several handmade processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole hearted devotion 8.　　　　　　 the craft,Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little,dolls 9.　　　　　　　　 (call) yangwawa,meaning Western dolls,” Tang continued.“I wanted to create dolls 10.　　　　　　 (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people,figurines with a rich historical implication.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了非遺傳承人唐燕放棄有前途的事業(yè),投身于拯救瀕臨失傳的“北京絹人”藝術(shù)的事跡,詳細(xì)介紹了她在創(chuàng)業(yè)過程中所遇到的挑戰(zhàn)和困難,以及所獲成就。
1.an　[考查冠詞。year是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),entire為元音音素開頭,用不定冠詞修飾,故填an。]
2.demanding　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空處需填入形容詞作定語修飾名詞短語handicraft techniques,需要的詞義為“要求高的”,故填demanding。]
3.drove　[考查動詞的時態(tài)。本句是but連接的并列句,drive作后句的謂語動詞,根據(jù)前文的“were amazed”可知該句在敘述過去發(fā)生的事,應(yīng)用drive的一般過去時,故填drove。]
4.what　[考查賓語從句。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句中needed缺少賓語,且意義為“……的事物”,故填what。]
5.adaptations　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。此處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語,需要的詞義為“改造”,根據(jù)many可知,adaptation應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填adaptations。]
6.cutting　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,cut在句子中不作為謂語動詞使用,它和“She made many creative and bold...to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes”之間為主動關(guān)系,因此使用動詞 ing形式作狀語,故填cutting。]
7.to lend　[考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞preserved,所以lend用非謂語形式,此處表目的,用不定式作目的狀語,故填to lend。]
8.to　[考查介詞。固定搭配devotion to意為“獻(xiàn)身于”,故填to。]
9.were called　[考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。call作本句謂語動詞,它和主語dolls(復(fù)數(shù)意義)之間是被動關(guān)系,用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)前文的was可知用一般過去時,故填were called。]
10.bearing　[考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞wanted,所以bear用非謂語形式,它和邏輯主語dolls之間是主謂關(guān)系,用動詞 ing形式作后置定語,故填bearing。](共102張PPT)
Part 2　Language Points
內(nèi)
容
索
引
必備知識自測
核心考點突破
課時測評作業(yè)
必 備 知 識 自 測
1.　　　　　　 / entri/ n.條目
2.　　　　　　 / ru In/ vt.毀掉,糟蹋,毀壞
3.　　　　　　 /skIp/ vt.不做(本來應(yīng)做的事);蹦跳著走
4.　　　　　　 /haI / vt.租用
5.　　　　　　 /b Il/ vi.& vt.(使)沸騰,煮沸
6.　　　　　　 / pl tf m/ n.舞臺;月臺
7.　　　　　　 /a t st ndI / adj.杰出的, 優(yōu)秀的
8.　　　　　　 / v rId / adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的 n.平均水平;平均數(shù)
[核心單詞·練通]
entry
ruin
skip
hire
boil
platform
outstanding
average
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.　　　　　　 /Ik stri m/ n.極端→ extremely adv.極端地;很;極其
2.　　　　　　 /dI fensIv/ adj.戒備的,自衛(wèi)的→defend vt.保衛(wèi);防御→defense n.保衛(wèi);防御
3.　　　　　　　 /In tens ti/ n.強度;強烈→intense adj.很大的,十分強烈的
4.　　　　　　 / selfI / adj.自私的,自私自利的→self n.自我,自己→selfless adj.無私的
extreme
defensive
intensity
selfish
5.　　　　　　 / ka ntl s/ adj.無數(shù)的,數(shù)不盡的→count v.數(shù);重要→counter n.柜臺;(電子)計數(shù)器
6.　　　　　　　 /le θ/ n.長度→long adj.長的→lengthen vt.& vi.(使)變長
7.　　　　　　 / Ind d/ adj.受傷的→ injure vt.損害;傷害→injury n.傷害;損害
8.　　　　　　 / n m l/ adj.正常的,平常的→normally adv.通常,正常情況下→ abnormal adj.反常的;變態(tài)的
countless
length
injured
normal
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.strive /straIv/ vi. 　　　　　
2.encyclopaedia /In saIkl pi di / n. 　　　　　
3.academic / k demIk/ adj. 　　　　　
4.element / el m nt/ n. 　　　　　　　
5.workout / w ka t/ n. 　　　　　
6.sacrifice / s kr faIs/ n. 　　　　　
努力;奮斗
百科全書
學(xué)術(shù)的
基本部分;要素
訓(xùn)練,鍛煉
犧牲
7.triathlete /traI θli t/ n. 　　　　　　　　
8.enormous /I n m s/ adj. 　　　　　　　
9.rugby / r ɡbi/ n. 　　　　　　　
10.apart / pa t/ adj.& adv. 　　　　　
鐵人三項運動員
巨大的,龐大的
(英式)橄欖球
分開;散開
[重點短語·再現(xiàn)]
1.　　　　　　　　 處于……危險中
2.　　　　　　　　　 努力;專心致志于某事
3.　　　　　　　　 使與眾不同
4.　　　　　　　　 在心底;實際上
5.on a day-to-day basis 　　　　　　　
6.boil down to sth 　　　　　　　
7.stay in 　　　　　　　
8.strive for 　　　　　　　
in danger of
apply oneself to sth
set sb/sth apart
deep down
日常
歸結(jié)為;要點是
待在家里
為……而努力
[典型句式·默背]
根據(jù)課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　動作鏈描寫
[教材原句]　As one of the Olympic athletes,I 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.
作為一名奧林匹克運動員,我錯過生日聚會、毀掉了家庭假期、放棄夜晚外出,但是放棄這么多是有合理的理由的。
miss birthday
parties,ruin family holidays and skip nights out
2.[句型公式]　情態(tài)動詞+have done
[教材原句]　I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
or defensive.
我本可以生氣或者辯解一下的。
could have become angry
3.[句型公式]　while表示對比
[教材原句]　I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　.
十歲的時候,當(dāng)別的孩子在游泳池戲水時,我會自己乘坐公共汽車去游泳池游50個來回。
while other kids played pool games
4.[句型公式]　強調(diào)句型
[教材原句]　If you want to be an Olympic champion,
will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your
preparation that
5.[句型公式]　no matter what引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
[教材原句]　Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行,但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
no matter what it is I’m applying myself to
核 心 考 點 突 破
核心單詞練透
高考熱點微練
短語句式通關(guān)
1.ruin vt.毀掉,糟蹋,毀壞;使破產(chǎn)
教材原文　As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin family holidays and skip nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.
作為一名奧林匹克運動員,我錯過生日聚會、毀掉了家庭假期、放棄夜晚外出,但是放棄這么多是有合理的理由的。
感知　語言先輸入
①On returning to the town,they were shocked to find their neighborhood in ruins.
②The heavy rain brought our holiday to ruin.
③The old temple fell into ruin in the heavy rain.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)in ruins　　　 破敗不堪;嚴(yán)重受損
lie/be in ruins 成為廢墟
fall into ruin 毀滅;毀壞
bring...to ruin 使……毀滅;使……沒落;使……破產(chǎn)
(2)ruin sth/sb 毀壞某物/某人
ruin oneself 自我毀滅
[名師指津]　在“in+名詞”類短語中,只有in ruins、in tears和in rags這三個短語中的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,其余均用單數(shù)形式,如in trouble、in danger、in anger、in need等。
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子/同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
①The young man is an alcoholic,and he will ruin 　　　　　　(he) by drinking too much sooner or later.
himself
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we buried our faces in our hands,bursting into tears.
看到我們的城市變成廢墟,我們雙手掩面,放聲大哭起來。
③You can’t change the past,but you can 　　　　　　　　　　　
by worrying about the future.(主旨升華)
你改變不了過去,但如果你憂慮未來,將會毀了現(xiàn)在。
④Unluckily,the earthquake ruined the whole village.
→Unluckily,the whole village 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
after the earthquake.
Seeing our city in ruins
ruin the present
lay/was in ruins/fell into ruin
2.apart adj.& adv.分開;散開
教材原文　If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
感知　語言先輸入
①Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach,the forest was silent.
②His use of language set him apart from most other modern writers.
③Ultimately,their country fell apart because of political conflicts.
記牢　知識再梳理
apart from 　　　 除……之外;除了……還
set...apart (from) 使……(與……)不同
fall apart 破碎;破裂;崩潰
take...apart 拆開
[名師指津]　apart from作“除……以外”講時,既可表示“包括”之意,相當(dāng)于besides;也可表示“不包括”之意,相當(dāng)于except;還可以表示在說明整個基本情況后,對細(xì)節(jié)加以糾正,相當(dāng)于except for。
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Apart 　　　　　　the injuries to his face and hands,he broke both legs.
②Her clear and elegant prose 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她的散文凝練高雅,使得她與多數(shù)其他新聞工作者不同。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,while a few people do well despite the pressure.
其他人在壓力下崩潰了,而一些人盡管有壓力卻做得很好。
from
sets her apart from most
other journalists
Others fall apart under pressure
④When he saw the old clock,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
found what was wrong,and put the whole thing together again.
(動作鏈描寫)
當(dāng)他看到那個舊鐘時,他把它拆開,找出哪里出了問題,然后把整個鐘重新組裝起來。
he took it apart
3.injured adj.受傷的
教材原文　...,even if it means getting injured,...
……,即使這意味著受傷,……
感知　語言先輸入
①Ambulances took the injured to a nearby hospital.
②He lost control of the car,crashed into the truck and got seriously injured.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)the injured 　 傷者;傷員
get/be injured 受傷
(2)injure vt. 傷害;損害
(3)injury n. 傷,損害
do sb an injury 傷害某人
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Doctors worked around the clock to save lives of the _____________
(injure) passengers.
②But now,because my left foot 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
I cannot go with you as planned.
但現(xiàn)在,由于我的左腳在足球比賽中受傷了,我不能像計劃的那樣和你一起去了。
injured
was/got injured in the football game
③There’s no denying that the attack 　　　　　　　　　　　　
his reputation.
不可否認(rèn),這次攻擊已經(jīng)對他的名譽造成了嚴(yán)重的損害。
has done a severe injury to
4.average adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的 n.平均水平;平均數(shù)
教材原文　...I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.……與其平平庸庸度過十年,我更愿意擁有三到四年的勝利輝煌。
感知　語言先輸入
①All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes every day on average.
②Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at the screens.
③His academic performance is well above average,but he is still modest and helpful.(人物介紹)
記牢　知識再梳理
on average 　　　　 平均來看
an average of 平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)
up to (the) average 達(dá)到平均水平
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子/完成語段
①Compared to younger generations,and so,　　　　　　 average, the world population becomes older than before.
②During the summer holiday,we can spend _____________________
on a daily basis on online learning.
在暑假期間,我們可以平均每天花三個小時在線學(xué)習(xí)。
on
an average of three hours
③The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher whose teaching level 　　　　　　　　　　　. He
and wears a pair of glasses.(全國Ⅰ卷)
我最尊敬的人是我的語文老師,他的教學(xué)水平遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于平均水平。他中等身高,戴著一副眼鏡。
is far above average
is of average height
片段鞏固(賽場上的拼搏)
用ruin;injury;injured;average完成心理、動作描寫的片段
　　他在賽場上摔倒了,心中充滿絕望。夢想在這一刻似乎被毀滅,身上的傷讓他感到無比脆弱。觀眾的歡呼聲漸漸遠(yuǎn)去,仿佛將他與成功的距離拉得越來越遠(yuǎn)。他知道,失敗在成長的過程中是平常的,受傷的雙腳都在提醒他,只有經(jīng)歷挫折,才能迎來真正的勝利。
He fell down on the field,filled with despair.At that moment,his dream 1.　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.　　　　　　　　　　　 made him feel incredibly weak.The cheers of the crowd faded,pulling him further from success.He knew 3. (賓語從句);4.　　　　　　　　　　　
reminded him that only through setbacks 5. (倒裝句).
seemed to be ruined
The injury in his body
that failure is average in the
process of growing up
the injured feet
could he truly
embrace victory
1.apply oneself to sth努力;專心致志于某事
教材原文　Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行,但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
感知　語言先輸入
①After applying a little ointment to his hand,Jeff soon applied himself to cleaning up the kitchen.(動作描寫,新高考Ⅰ卷)
②I am writing to apply for a British Council scholarship to study in Britain.
記牢　知識再梳理
apply (to...) for... 　 (向……)申請……
apply to 適用于;與……有關(guān)
apply...to... 把……運用到……;把……涂到……
[名師指津]　表示“專心于……”的動詞短語還有:devote oneself to、occupy oneself in、absorb oneself in等。
運用　完成句子
①Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month,I am writing 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
得知下個月美術(shù)館將舉辦中國畫展,我寫信申請一個成為志愿者的機會。
②We must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
我們必須把我們所學(xué)到的知識應(yīng)用到我們的日常工作中,因為在任何情況下都不應(yīng)該把理論與實踐分開。
to apply for the chance to
become a volunteer
apply what we have learned to
2.句型公式:the way作先行詞的定語從句;no matter what引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
教材原文　Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行,但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格,不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
感知　語言先輸入
①Can you tell me the way (that/which) you use to solve the problem
②Can you tell me the way (in which/that) you solve the problem
③No matter how many times I fail,I will pick myself up and keep trying.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)the way作先行詞時,如果在定語從句中作主語或賓語,用關(guān)系代詞that/which 引導(dǎo)定語從句;如果在定語從句中作狀語,則用that或者in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句,關(guān)系詞可以省略。
(2)no matter+疑問詞(when/how/where/who/whom/what/which)可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“不論……;無論……;不管……”,相當(dāng)于疑問詞+ever (whenever/however/wherever/whoever/whomever/whatever/whichever)。
運用　完成句子
①Frankly speaking,there are a wide range of ways
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 our English learning, but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
坦率地說,有一系列對我們英語學(xué)習(xí)十分有益的方法,但是找到最適合你的是非常重要的。
that/which are of great benefit/very beneficial to
②I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我?guī)缀跻罎⒘?這時我爸爸想出一個我們能夠返回叔叔的農(nóng)舍的好方法。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I’ll be right here waiting for you.
無論你身在何處,無論你為何忙碌,我都會在此守候。
(that/in which) we could return to my
uncle’s farmhouse
Wherever/No matter where you go,whatever/no matter
what you do
3.句型公式:強調(diào)句型
教材原文　If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成為奧運冠軍,就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點,它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。
感知　語言先輸入
①It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued successfully.
②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry
③Where was it that you found the library book
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)強調(diào)句型的陳述句:It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分
(2)強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句:Is/Was it+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分
(3)強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句:疑問詞+is/was+it+that+其他部分
(4)not...until...句型的強調(diào)句型:It is/was not until+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他部分
[名師指津]　
(1)強調(diào)句型通常用來強調(diào)句子的主語、賓語、狀語等,不能強調(diào)謂語。對句子的謂語強調(diào)時用“do/does/did+動詞原形”(僅限于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài))。
(2)判斷句子是否為強調(diào)句型的方法:把it is/was和that/who去掉,再把被強調(diào)部分歸位到它本來的位置,若句子完整,則為強調(diào)句。
運用　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he was discouraged like a deflated ball.(情緒描寫)
就是在那一刻,他灰心喪氣,像一個泄氣的皮球。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we finally reached the top of the mountain.
直到十一點鐘,我們才最終到達(dá)山頂。
It was at the moment that
It was not until eleven o’clock that
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 were taking the breakfast upstairs.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
送早餐上樓的是這對雙胞胎,而不是他們的父親。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for supper.
我真的希望你能留下來吃晚飯。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 witnessed a 5 km cross-country running race held by our school.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
上周日,我校舉行了一場5公里越野賽。
It was the twins rather than their father that
I do hope you will stay
It was last Sunday that
⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he started to do the project
他到底何時開始做這個項目的
⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he saw you just now
他剛才見你的地方是在辦公室嗎
Was it in the office that
When was it that
片段鞏固(堅持不懈迎接成功)
用apply oneself to;the way 作先行詞的定語從句;no matter what引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;強調(diào)句型完成心理、動作描寫的片段
　　他努力且專心致志于訓(xùn)練,盡管每一次失敗都讓他感到沮喪。無論遇到什么困難,他都不愿放棄。每一次跌倒,他都堅定地站起來,心中默念:“我成功的唯一方式就是堅持不懈。”他明白,只有經(jīng)歷挫折,他才能迎來真正的勝利。
He worked hard and 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,even though each failure left him feeling frustrated.2. , he refused to give up.Each time he fell,he stood up resolutely,reminding himself,“3.　　　　　　　　　　　　
is through perseverance.” He understood that 4. he could truly win (強調(diào)句型).
applied himself to training
No matter what
difficulties he faced
The only way I will succeed
it’s only by
experiencing setbacks that
Ⅰ.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
1.Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.(全國甲卷)　　　　　　
2.Hearing the annoying news,he was boiling with rage.　　　　　
3.Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining.(江蘇卷)　　　　　
n.參賽作品
v.發(fā)怒
adj.普通的
4.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins.(北京卷)　　　　　
5.Because it is an area of outstanding natural beauty,the number of boats available for hire on the river is limited.　　　　　
n.廢墟
n.出租
Ⅱ.選出skip的漢語意思
A.vi.蹦跳著走　B.vt.不做(本來應(yīng)做的事);不參加　C.vt.跳過,略過　
D.vt.悄悄溜走
1.Two hard workout days every week is enough.If you really hate to skip a day,you can plan easy exercises on other days.
(2023·浙江1月卷)　　
2.The bombers skipped the country shortly after the explosion.　　
C
D
3.Before one of these workouts,the men skipped breakfast,meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食).(江蘇卷)　　
4.She skipped happily along beside me when I told her the good news.
　　
B
A
課 時 測 評 作 業(yè)
基礎(chǔ)語境練
素能提升練
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.This dictionary has over 30,000 　　　　　　(條目).
2.My life is 　　　　　　(毀掉) and I suppose I only have myself to blame.
3.She says nothing will do her more good than 　　　　　　 (跳) rope.
4.They have suffered an 　　　　　　　 (巨大的) personal tragedy.
entries
ruined
skipping
enormous
5.As you know,the university has a good 　　　　　　　　 (學(xué)術(shù)的) reputation all over the country.
6.If you have to climb up,use a firm 　　　　　　/ pl tf m/ or a ladder.
7.The 　　　　　　　 / v rId / price of goods rose by just 2.2%.
8.I took my driving license with me on holiday,in case I wanted to
h　　　　　　　　　　 a car.
academic
platform
average
ire
9.As she waited for the water to b　　　　　　,she walked into the living room.
10.Jiuzhaigou is a great attraction of o　　　　　　 natural beauty.
oil
utstanding
Ⅱ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.I think I’ve been very 　　　　　　　 (self).I’ve been mainly concerned with myself.
2.It’s a useful introduction to an 　　　　　　　 (extreme) complex subject.
3.The whale grows to a 　　　　　　 (long) of three or four meters.
4.The kind volunteer had 　　　　　　　 (count) pleasant conversations with the students he transported to and from school.
selfish
extremely
length
countless
5.Modern people are often 　　　　　　　　 (defend) about their private lives.
6.He told us that a warm sea would change the _________________
(intense) of hurricanes.
7.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,and his right leg got 　　　　　　　　 (injure) seriously.
8.The rainy season in the Andes 　　　　　　　　 (normal) starts in December.
defensive
intensity
injured
normally
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
in danger of,apply oneself to,set...apart,stay in,boil down to,deep down
1.Shall we eat out or 　　　　　　　　　 It’s up to you.
2.His reasons for not wanting to go all 　　　　　　　　 the fact that he doesn’t have enough money.
3.I have so many friends,but 　　　　　　　　　　　, I have a fear of loneliness.
stay in
boil down to
deep down
4.After he retired,he would rather stay in _____________________
reading his favourite novels.
5.Her bright red scarf 　　　　　　　her 　　　　　　　　 from the other girls.
6.Student will be 　　　　　　　　　getting expelled from school if he breaks school rules.
applying himself to
set
apart
in danger of
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(xùn)(每小題2分,共10分)
1.The boys .(動作鏈描寫)
男孩子們興奮地沖到泳池,脫下衣服,跳進(jìn)了水里。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but you didn’t try your best.(情態(tài)動詞+have done)
你本可以做得更好,但是你沒有盡力而為。
rushed excitedly to the pool,took off their clothes
and jumped into the water
You could have done better
3.Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (while表示對比)
人生主要由快樂和悲傷組成,而快樂在于奮斗。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we saw the sunrise.
我們是在山頂上看到日出的。(強調(diào)句型)
5.Call me when you get there,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
無論什么時間,你到了那兒就給我打電話。(no matter what...)
while happiness consists in struggle
It was on the top of the mountain that
no matter what the time is
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共20分)
A
When we encounter a troublesome problem,we often gather a group to brainstorm.However,substantial evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together,we fail to maximize collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams,we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”.You start by asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately.Next,you pool them and share them among the group without:telling the authors.Then,each member evaluates them on his or her own,only after which do the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options.By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them,the team can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile.Given the urgency of the situation, the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions. Rather,they established a global brainwriting system to generate individual ideas. A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone.This specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners,making it possible to save them.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works.They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation.In brainstorming meetings,it’s too easy for participation to become one-sided in favor of the loudest voices.The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation.The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room.It’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity,but it doesn’t end there.Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone.That means they not only come up with more brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas. Therefore,it takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring out the best ideas!
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法”。大量證據(jù)表明,與單純的“頭腦風(fēng)暴”相比,“書面頭腦風(fēng)暴”可以最大限度地提高集體智慧,并挖掘團隊中隱藏的潛力。
1.What is special about brainwriting compared with brainstorming
A.It highlights independent work.
B.It encourages group cooperation.
C.It prioritizes quality over quantity.
D.It prefers writing to oral exchanges.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知,與頭腦風(fēng)暴相比,書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法的特別之處在于它強調(diào)獨立工作,故選A項。
√
2.Why does the author mention the Chile mining accident in paragraph 3
A.To introduce a tool developed during brainwriting.
B.To praise a young man with brainwriting technique.
C.To illustrate a successful application of brainwriting.
D.To explain the role of brainwriting in communication.
解析　寫作目的題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“An example of great brainwriting...trapped underground in Chile.”可知,作者在本段提到智利的采礦事故是為了說明書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法的成功應(yīng)用,故選C項。
√
3.How does brainwriting promote collective intelligence according to paragraph 4
A.By blocking the loudest voices.
B.By allowing equal involvement.
C.By improving individual wisdom.
D.By generating more creative ideas.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“They find that the key to...make the room smarter.”可知,書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法要求每個人都參與,貢獻(xiàn)自己的智慧。因此,該方法是通過允許平等參與來提升集體智慧的,故選B項。
√
4.What does the author suggest is necessary to identify the best ideas from a group’s brainstorming session in the last paragraph
A.Only focusing on the ideas generated by individuals.
B.Making sure that everyone has an equal chance to contribute.
C.Allowing each person to review ideas independently before discussing as a group.
D.Concentrating on the most unique suggestions put forward by the group.
√
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Individuals produce a greater...bring out the best ideas!”可知,作者建議在作為一個團隊討論之前,每個人都應(yīng)該有機會獨立地評估不同觀點,這樣才能更有效地識別出最佳的觀點,故選C項。
B
Allow me to list the short-lived hobbies I started and quickly gave up when I didn’t succeed,pottery,softball,violin and designing new-style T-shirts.Uncomfortable to ask for help,I’d rather drop a hobby than give myself time to improve.Being challenged can make me angry sometimes.
Babies and children feel challenged almost at everything,because each experience is new.Adults,on the other hand,see anything less than doing really well as failure.If you’re at all like me,you protect yourself from this feeling and avoid hobbies that might show a lack of competence.
Although challenges can bring discomfort,we shouldn’t shy away from activities we enjoy simply because we aren’t great at them.As the season for new habits and hobbies comes,put your pride to one side,and embrace the challenge.
The way you think about your abilities can influence your performance.There are two ways people view success:fixed mindset and growth mindset.If you have a fixed mindset,you may believe you already have all the skills and abilities you will ever have and you may never improve with effort.Growth mindset is the belief that you can advance through hard work,support,and a different method.“To develop a growth mindset,remind yourself that the first time you began any endeavor,you probably met challenges,” says Daya Grant,a mental performance coach.“Then you got better.As you learn and build skills,however slowly,celebrate those little wins.A win is a win.It doesn’t really matter to the brain how big or small it is.”
“But If you love the challenge,” Grant says,“or enjoy the hard work,accept the fact that you may be doing the thing,whether it’s dancing or playing the violin,well enough.” This reminder is one I’ll take with me as I start new projects that I might not be naturally good at.Catch me at a pottery wheel or playing my guitar in my bedroom.Or don’t.The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了面對挑戰(zhàn)和失敗會有的態(tài)度,并提出了轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式才能更好地應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的觀點。
5.What’s the function of the first paragraph
A.To provide background information.
B.To bring about the topic of the passage.
C.To stress the importance of success.
D.To introduce his personal experience.
解析　寫作目的題。第一段列舉了作者曾經(jīng)嘗試過但很快放棄的愛好,目的是引出文章的主題,即面對挑戰(zhàn)和失敗的態(tài)度,故選B項。
√
6.What does the underlined word “this feeling” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Feeling confident almost at everything.
B.Dropping a hobby rather than improving it.
C.Seeing anything that can’t do well as failure.
D.Avoiding hobbies showing a lack of abilities.
解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Babies and children feel challenged...you protect yourself from”可知,this feeling指的是成年人將不能很好地完成某事視為失敗的感覺,故選C項。
√
7.What does Daya Grant think is important in developing a growth mindset
A.Building practical and creative skills.
B.Asking for professional suggestions.
C.Having enough patience and confidence.
D.Developing a strong sense of competition.
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“‘To develop a growth mindset...brain how big or small it is.’”可知,Daya Grant認(rèn)為在培養(yǎng)成長型思維時,重要的是要有足夠的耐心和信心,并慶祝每一個小的勝利,故選C項。
√
8.What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph
A.He has developed his own ways of succeeding.
B.He has learned how to balance life and work.
C.He cares a lot about what others think of him.
D.He now learns how to embrace challenges.
解析　推理判斷題。從最后一段“The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.”可以看出,作者現(xiàn)在學(xué)會了如何接受挑戰(zhàn),不再在意結(jié)果是否完美,故選D項。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
A dozen children ran around laughing and playing in the yard,while we parents sat chatting.The barbecue had been cleared away when our host announced a(an) 　1　.A huge movable rock wall was loaded in with indented footholds (凹陷的立足點) that stretched straight up for what looked like at least a hundred feet.The 　2　 kids rushed towards the wall.They swiftly 　3　 to give it a try,and with the complete 　4　 most children have,climbed to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point.There wasn’t really anything to be 　5　 of since they were belted into place.
“Come on,let’s go get in line,” my husband Neil 　6　,“No,you go ahead without me.” I had all sorts of good 　7　:I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.I have a unique talent for 　8　 unthinkable danger in almost every situation,and this scene seemed 　9　 to me.I watched everyone else having fun,though,and finally 　10　 myself to try it.
With all the 　11　 I could gather,I started the climb.The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to 　12　.“Yes,” I thought,“this is safe!” I 　13　 made my way up,concentrating on each foothold.I 　14　 looking down to prevent any sudden fear,and finally I made it to the top and proudly rang the bell.
I enjoyed my success.It was such a relief that I 　15　 my fear and reached the goal.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在一次燒烤聚會后,作者克服恐懼成功爬上攀巖墻的故事。
1.A.game B.race C.danger D.emergency
解析　根據(jù)后文“A huge movable rock wall...at least a hundred feet.”可知,此處指東道主為大家準(zhǔn)備了一個攀爬巖石墻的游戲,故選A項。
2.A.angry B.annoying C.cautious D.enthusiastic
解析　根據(jù)后文“They swiftly 　　　　to give...hung at the highest point.”可知,此處指這些孩子充滿熱情,迫不及待地要攀爬,故選D項。
√
√
3.A.turned back B.ran around C.moved off D.lined up
解析　根據(jù)空前“They swiftly”及空后“to give it a try”可知,此處指這些孩子迅速地排好隊等著攀爬,故選D項。
4.A.aimlessness B.carelessness C.fearlessness D.restlessness
解析　根據(jù)空后“most children have,climbed to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point”可知,此處指孩子們毫不畏懼地完成了整個攀爬過程,故選C項。
√
√
5.A.aware B.proud C.afraid D.ashamed
解析　根據(jù)下文“since they were belted into place”可知,此處指他們系著安全帶,因此沒什么可害怕的,故選C項。
6.A.urged B.promised C.complained D.whispered
解析　根據(jù)前文“Come on,let’s go get in line”可知,此處指作者的丈夫催促作者一起排隊,故選A項。
√
√
7.A.choices B.intentions C.excuses D.experiences
解析　根據(jù)空后“I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.”可知,這些都是作者為不想攀爬所找的借口,故選C項。
8.A.forgetting B.seeing C.creating D.ignoring
解析　根據(jù)空后“unthinkable danger in almost every situation,and this scene seemed 　　　　to me”可知,此處指作者擅長看到那些想不到的危險,故選B項。
√
√
9.A.precious B.dangerous C.interesting D.dull
解析　根據(jù)前文“‘No,you go ahead without me.’I had all sorts of good 　　　　:I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.”可知,此處指作者害怕攀爬是因為覺得這種情境似乎對她有危險,故選B項。
10.A.forced B.forbade C.commanded D.persuaded
解析　根據(jù)空前“I watched everyone else having fun,though,and finally”可知,此處指作者最終說服自己嘗試一下,故選D項。
√
√
11.A.courage B.wisdom C.inspiration D.confusion
解析　根據(jù)空后“I could gather,I started the climb”可知,此處指作者鼓足勇氣,開始攀爬,故選A項。
12.A.move B.escape C.fall D.ski
解析　根據(jù)前文“The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to”及后文“I thought,‘this is safe!’”可知,此處指有安全帶是不可能掉落下來的,故選C項。
√
√
13.A.immediately B.steadily C.unwillingly D.hesitantly
解析　根據(jù)后文“concentrating on each foothold”可知,此處指作者穩(wěn)步地向上爬,故選B項。
14.A.kept B.tried C.began D.avoided
解析　根據(jù)后文“to prevent any sudden panic”可知,此處指作者避免往下看,故選D項。
√
√
15.A.doubted B.overcame C.gained D.presented
解析　根據(jù)空后“my fear and reached the goal”可知,此處指作者克服了自己的恐懼,完成了目標(biāo),故選B項。
√
Ⅲ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art—that of “Beijing silk figurine (北京絹人)”.In 1997,she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent 1._____ entire year making several figurines,only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost potentially the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and 2.　　　　 (demand) handicraft techniques,” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products,but their price 3.　　　 (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang 4.　　　　 they needed:finding ways to reduce production costs.She made many creative and bold 5.________ (adapt) to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes,6.　　　　　　 (cut) the price to less than a tenth of the original one.However,7.　　　　　　 (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship,she preserved several handmade processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole-hearted devotion 8.　　　　　　 the craft,Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little,dolls 9.________ (call) yangwawa,meaning Western dolls,” Tang continued. “I wanted to create dolls 10.　　　　　　 (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people,figurines with a rich historical implication.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了非遺傳承人唐燕放棄有前途的事業(yè),投身于拯救瀕臨失傳的“北京絹人”藝術(shù)的事跡,詳細(xì)介紹了她在創(chuàng)業(yè)過程中所遇到的挑戰(zhàn)和困難,以及所獲成就。
1.an　[考查冠詞。year是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),entire為元音音素開頭,用不定冠詞修飾,故填an。]
2.demanding　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空處需填入形容詞作定語修飾名詞短語handicraft techniques,需要的詞義為“要求高的”,故填demanding。]
3.drove　[考查動詞的時態(tài)。本句是but連接的并列句,drive作后句的謂語動詞,根據(jù)前文的“were amazed”可知該句在敘述過去發(fā)生的事,應(yīng)用drive的一般過去時,故填drove。]
4.what　[考查賓語從句。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句中needed缺少賓語,且意義為“……的事物”,故填what。]
5.adaptations　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。此處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語,需要的詞義為“改造”,根據(jù)many可知,adaptation應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填adaptations。]
6.cutting　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,cut在句子中不作為謂語動詞使用,它和“She made many creative and bold...to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes”之間為主動關(guān)系,因此使用動詞-ing形式作狀語,故填cutting。]
7.to lend　[考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞preserved,所以lend用非謂語形式,此處表目的,用不定式作目的狀語,故填to lend。]
8.to　[考查介詞。固定搭配devotion to意為“獻(xiàn)身于”,故填to。]
9.were called　[考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。call作本句謂語動詞,它和主語dolls(復(fù)數(shù)意義)之間是被動關(guān)系,用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)前文的was可知用一般過去時,故填were called。]
10.bearing　[考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞wanted,所以bear用非謂語形式,它和邏輯主語dolls之間是主謂關(guān)系,用動詞-ing形式作后置定語,故填bearing。]Part 3　Grammar (2)——冠詞
冠 詞 分 類 不定冠詞a,an
定冠詞the
零冠詞
用 法 不定冠詞的用法
定冠詞的用法
零冠詞的用法
冠詞是虛詞,置于名詞前,是名詞的一種標(biāo)志,它不能脫離名詞獨立存在,也不能單獨作句子成分。英語中冠詞有三個,分別是不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the。有時名詞前不用冠詞稱為零冠詞。
一、不定冠詞的用法
1.不定冠詞泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個,也可表示數(shù)量“一”或價錢、時間、速度等的“每一”。
We’re renting a car and driving!(人教必一U2)
我們要租一輛車來開!
I have been trying to phone you since this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.(人教選三U4)
從今天早上起我就一直在給你打電話。我打了十幾次才發(fā)現(xiàn)你在這里。
2.用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一”“再一”。
As many of the visitors said,the exhibition was unforgettable and worth a second visit.
正如許多游客所說,這次展覽令人難忘并值得再去一次。
3.用于具體化的抽象名詞前或由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的名詞前。
What a surprise it would be if Jules were on that one! Eh (人教必三U5)
要是于勒在這條船上,該有多好呀!是不
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艱苦的日子里,能夠買一瓶飲料也是件令人寬慰的事。
4.用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前,表示“一陣,一場,一份”等。
All of a sudden,there was a loud knock outside.
突然,門外有一陣響亮的敲門聲。
Hit by a heavy rainstorm,the town was flooded.
遭遇了一場嚴(yán)重的暴雨,這座城鎮(zhèn)被淹了。
5.用于姓名或“Mr./Mrs./Miss./Ms.+姓氏”前,相當(dāng)于a certain,意為“某個”“一個”。
The house next door has been bought by a Mr.Brown.
隔壁的房子已經(jīng)被一位叫布朗的先生買走了。
A Mr.Johnson came to see you while you were out.
你不在時有位叫約翰遜的先生來看你。
6.含不定冠詞的固定短語
as a result 結(jié)果;as a whole總體上;at a loss 不知所措;in a way 在某種程度上;in a word 總之;in a hurry 匆忙
[對點練1]　完成句子
①Last week our class organized an activity (組織了一次活動) to thank our teachers before graduation.
②In my opinion,taking/having a break (休息一會) between classes is necessary.
③On half way to school,I was caught in a heavy/big rain (困在一場大雨里).
④Our school sports meeting is a great success (一次巨大的成功).
⑤Never have I met so kind a teacher/such a kind teacher (一位如此善良的老師) like him.
二、定冠詞的用法
1.特指某些人或物(包括上文提到過的人或物)以及談話雙方都知道的人或物。
My parents are taking me to Hong Kong during the October holiday.(人教必一U2)
我的父母要在十月假期帶我去香港。
I’m bringing my own lunch.I think some of the others are eating at the park,but the food there is really expensive.(人教必一U2)
我要自己帶午餐。我覺得其他人中有些會在公園吃飯,但那里的食物實在很貴。
2.用在世界上獨一無二的事物名詞前。
Kate was surprised by the sight of the Kongming lanterns flying up into the sky.(人教必三U1)
凱特看到孔明燈飛上天空的景象感到十分驚奇。
3.用于形容詞、副詞最高級,序數(shù)詞或方位詞之前。
It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall.
這是該國南部城市首次經(jīng)歷最嚴(yán)重的降雨。
4.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前表示一家人。
The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s.
里德一家于19世紀(jì)70年代去加利福尼亞州尋找財富。
5.用于單數(shù)名詞前表示類別。
The lion is a fierce animal,which is also in danger of dying out.
獅子是一種兇猛的動物,同時也是一種面臨滅絕危險的動物。
6.用在形容詞或形容詞化的過去分詞前,表示一類人或物。
It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.
據(jù)報道,傷者已被送往醫(yī)院。
Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor.
事實上,富人并不總是比窮人幸福。
7.用于西洋樂器名詞前。
I never thought I was very talented at anything to do with music,but my parents wanted me to learn to play the piano at the age of six.(人教必二U5)
我從來不認(rèn)為我在音樂方面有什么天賦,但我父母在我六歲的時候想讓我學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴。
8.用于整十復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞或表示年代、世紀(jì)、朝代的詞前。
In the 1940s,the Americans and the British stationed in New Zealand during the war discovered this amazing fruit.(人教選四U2)
20世紀(jì)40年代,戰(zhàn)爭期間駐扎在新西蘭的美國人和英國人發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種神奇的水果。
9.含定冠詞的固定短語
at the same time同時;by the day按天(計);by the way順便說;in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處;on the other hand另一方面;on the phone在電話里;to tell the truth說實話
[對點練2]　完成句子
①He took part in the English Speech Contest and won the first prize (獲得一等獎).
②I was caught in heavy traffic and late when I got to the office (到達(dá)辦公室).
③He gave away large amounts of money to help the poor (窮人).
④Do you know when the television was invented (電視機被發(fā)明)
⑤The old scientist was born in the 1930s (出生于20世紀(jì)30年代).
三、零冠詞的用法
1.表示泛指的不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。
The top of the mountain is covered with snow for most of the year.(人教必二U5)
這座山頂一年中大部分時間都被雪覆蓋。
2.球類、棋類和游戲名詞前不用冠詞。
Then we can play football,can’t we (人教必一U3)
那我們可以踢足球了,不是嗎
3.作表語、補語、同位語的職位名詞前不用冠詞。
They elected Henry president of the association because of his great ability.
他們選舉亨利為社團主席是由于他出眾的能力。
I’m Li Ming,chairman of the school Student Union.
我是李明,校學(xué)生會主席。
4.非特指的季節(jié)、月份、星期及三餐等名稱前不用冠詞。
The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June.
工人們必須在六月底之前完成該項目。
I’m picking up package from the post office after lunch.(人教必一U2)
午飯后我要去郵局取包裹。
5.不用冠詞(零冠詞)的固定短語
at present目前;at risk處于危險中;by hand用手;by weight按重量;by chance偶然;by plane乘飛機;by mistake錯誤地;in trouble在困境中;in need需要;in advance提前;under repair在修理中;lose heart灰心
6.注意幾組短語的區(qū)別
at table就餐;at the table在桌旁
by sea乘船;by the sea在海邊
in hospital住院;in the hospital在醫(yī)院
in charge of管理……;in the charge of在……管理下
[對點練3]　完成句子
①Shall we go to visit our former teacher on Teachers’ Day (在教師節(jié)那天).
②The old men were playing chess (下棋) when I got there.
③He was elected monitor (被選為班長) of our class.
④ I’m looking after his affairs while he’s in hospital (他住院時).
維度一　基礎(chǔ)填空題(選詞填空)(每小題1分,共10分)
a　an　the　/
1.I’d like to play a musical instrument.
2.Can you play / tennis
3.I can play the guitar and drums.
4.My grandpa is good at playing / Chinese chess.
5.They want to start an art club.
6.This is an old kite and that is a new kite.
7.I have an orange.It’s a big orange.
8.The Great Wall is the longest wall all over the world.It’s in / China.
9.This is an old book.But it is a useful book.
10.I usually have / dinner at 6:30 pm.Then I go for a walk with my parents.
維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.In space,where the effect of gravity is slight,things change,and they do so quite strongly.
2.Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe,it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth.
3.In a sense,the collaboration between universities and industries accelerates technological innovation.
4.Meanwhile,the effectiveness of acupuncture (針灸) and herbs is also well proved by scientific evidence.
5.For people there,a small dinner for friends and family means preparing almost a dozen different dishes.
6.Back in the 1990s,the city’s unique geography forced Chongqing’s transport authorities to seek an alternative to conventional subway trains.
7.Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people.
8.Many of us might not give a second thought to dropping a small piece of litter.
9.Flossie,a cat from the UK,which was born on December 29,1995,holds the title of the oldest living cat.
10.Horse drawn chariots were common in ancient China,but a sheep drawn chariot is an extremely rare find.
維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,共20分)
1.Eating mooncakes during the Mid Autumn Festival is a traditional custom that symbolizes family reunion and completeness.
中秋節(jié)吃月餅是一種象征家人團聚和圓滿的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。
2.I came across the old photos the other day.
不久前某一天,我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些舊照片。
3.I think it’s pretty important to keep the balance between working and playing.
我認(rèn)為保持工作和娛樂之間的平衡是很重要的。
4.Her father carried a heavy burden of responsibility when she was young.
在她小時候,她父親肩負(fù)著重大責(zé)任。
5.I’ve got a horrible feeling as she lied to us.
我感覺到很不愉快,因為她對我們說了謊。
6.The guards outside the tent exchanged an anxious look at his approach.
看到他靠近,帳篷外的守衛(wèi)們憂心忡忡地交換了一下眼神。
7.Rowan is a serious and intelligent man with a master’s degree from Oxford University.
羅溫是一個嚴(yán)肅而聰明的人,擁有牛津大學(xué)的碩士學(xué)位。
8.After a short rest,we had great fun singing and dancing outside.
短暫的休息之后,我們在外面唱歌、跳舞,玩兒得很開心。
9.His death was a great shock to us all.
他的死使我們大家都大為震驚。
10.The company offered me the very job I had been looking for.
該公司給了我一份正是我一直在找的工作。(共39張PPT)
Part 3　Grammar (2)——冠詞
內(nèi)
容
索
引
課時測評作業(yè)
Part 3　Grammar (2)——冠詞
語法圖解
要點詮釋
Part 3　Grammar (2)——冠詞
冠詞 分類 不定冠詞a,an
定冠詞the
零冠詞
用法 不定冠詞的用法
定冠詞的用法
零冠詞的用法
冠詞是虛詞,置于名詞前,是名詞的一種標(biāo)志,它不能脫離名詞獨立存在,也不能單獨作句子成分。英語中冠詞有三個,分別是不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the。有時名詞前不用冠詞稱為零冠詞。
一、不定冠詞的用法
1.不定冠詞泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個,也可表示數(shù)量“一”或價錢、時間、速度等的“每一”。
We’re renting a car and driving!(人教必一U2)
我們要租一輛車來開!
I have been trying to phone you since this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.(人教選三U4)
從今天早上起我就一直在給你打電話。我打了十幾次才發(fā)現(xiàn)你在這里。
2.用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一”“再一”。
As many of the visitors said,the exhibition was unforgettable and worth a second visit.
正如許多游客所說,這次展覽令人難忘并值得再去一次。
3.用于具體化的抽象名詞前或由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的名詞前。
What a surprise it would be if Jules were on that one! Eh
(人教必三U5)
要是于勒在這條船上,該有多好呀!是不
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艱苦的日子里,能夠買一瓶飲料也是件令人寬慰的事。
4.用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前,表示“一陣,一場,一份”等。
All of a sudden,there was a loud knock outside.
突然,門外有一陣響亮的敲門聲。
Hit by a heavy rainstorm,the town was flooded.
遭遇了一場嚴(yán)重的暴雨,這座城鎮(zhèn)被淹了。
5.用于姓名或“Mr./Mrs./Miss./Ms.+姓氏”前,相當(dāng)于a certain,意為“某個”“一個”。
The house next door has been bought by a Mr.Brown.
隔壁的房子已經(jīng)被一位叫布朗的先生買走了。
A Mr.Johnson came to see you while you were out.
你不在時有位叫約翰遜的先生來看你。
6.含不定冠詞的固定短語
as a result 結(jié)果;as a whole總體上;at a loss 不知所措;in a way 在某種程度上;in a word 總之;in a hurry 匆忙
[對點練1]　完成句子
①Last week our class 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(組織了一次活動) to thank our teachers before graduation.
②In my opinion,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(休息一會) between classes is necessary.
③On half way to school,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(困在一場大雨里).
organized an activity
taking/having a break
was caught in a heavy/big rain
④Our school sports meeting is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(一次巨大的成功).
⑤Never have I met 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(一位如此善良的老師) like him.
a great success
so kind a teacher/such a kind teacher
二、定冠詞的用法
1.特指某些人或物(包括上文提到過的人或物)以及談話雙方都知道的人或物。
My parents are taking me to Hong Kong during the October holiday.(人教必一U2)
我的父母要在十月假期帶我去香港。
I’m bringing my own lunch.I think some of the others are eating at the park,but the food there is really expensive.(人教必一U2)
我要自己帶午餐。我覺得其他人中有些會在公園吃飯,但那里的食物實在很貴。
2.用在世界上獨一無二的事物名詞前。
Kate was surprised by the sight of the Kongming lanterns flying up into the sky.(人教必三U1)
凱特看到孔明燈飛上天空的景象感到十分驚奇。
3.用于形容詞、副詞最高級,序數(shù)詞或方位詞之前。
It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall.
這是該國南部城市首次經(jīng)歷最嚴(yán)重的降雨。
4.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前表示一家人。
The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s.
里德一家于19世紀(jì)70年代去加利福尼亞州尋找財富。
5.用于單數(shù)名詞前表示類別。
The lion is a fierce animal,which is also in danger of dying out.
獅子是一種兇猛的動物,同時也是一種面臨滅絕危險的動物。
6.用在形容詞或形容詞化的過去分詞前,表示一類人或物。
It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.
據(jù)報道,傷者已被送往醫(yī)院。
Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor.
事實上,富人并不總是比窮人幸福。
7.用于西洋樂器名詞前。
I never thought I was very talented at anything to do with music,but my parents wanted me to learn to play the piano at the age of six.
(人教必二U5)
我從來不認(rèn)為我在音樂方面有什么天賦,但我父母在我六歲的時候想讓我學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴。
8.用于整十復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞或表示年代、世紀(jì)、朝代的詞前。
In the 1940s,the Americans and the British stationed in New Zealand during the war discovered this amazing fruit.(人教選四U2)
20世紀(jì)40年代,戰(zhàn)爭期間駐扎在新西蘭的美國人和英國人發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種神奇的水果。
9.含定冠詞的固定短語
at the same time同時;by the day按天(計);by the way順便說;in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處;on the other hand另一方面;on the phone在電話里;to tell the truth說實話
[對點練2]　完成句子
①He took part in the English Speech Contest and
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(獲得一等獎).
②I was caught in heavy traffic and late when I
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(到達(dá)辦公室).
③He gave away large amounts of money to help
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(窮人).
won the first prize
got to the office
the poor
④Do you know when 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(電視機被發(fā)明)
⑤The old scientist 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(出生于20世紀(jì)30年代).
the television was invented
was born in the 1930s
三、零冠詞的用法
1.表示泛指的不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。
The top of the mountain is covered with snow for most of the year.(人教必二U5)
這座山頂一年中大部分時間都被雪覆蓋。
2.球類、棋類和游戲名詞前不用冠詞。
Then we can play football,can’t we (人教必一U3)
那我們可以踢足球了,不是嗎
3.作表語、補語、同位語的職位名詞前不用冠詞。
They elected Henry president of the association because of his great ability.
他們選舉亨利為社團主席是由于他出眾的能力。
I’m Li Ming,chairman of the school Student Union.
我是李明,校學(xué)生會主席。
4.非特指的季節(jié)、月份、星期及三餐等名稱前不用冠詞。
The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June.
工人們必須在六月底之前完成該項目。
I’m picking up package from the post office after lunch.
(人教必一U2)
午飯后我要去郵局取包裹。
5.不用冠詞(零冠詞)的固定短語
at present目前;at risk處于危險中;by hand用手;by weight按重量;by chance偶然;by plane乘飛機;by mistake錯誤地;in trouble在困境中;in need需要;in advance提前;under repair在修理中;lose heart灰心
6.注意幾組短語的區(qū)別
at table就餐;at the table在桌旁
by sea乘船;by the sea在海邊
in hospital住院;in the hospital在醫(yī)院
in charge of管理……
in the charge of在……管理下
[對點練3]　完成句子
①Shall we go to visit our former teacher
(在教師節(jié)那天).
②The old men were 　　　　　　　　　 (下棋) when I got there.
③He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (被選為班長) of our class.
④ I’m looking after his affairs 　　　　　　　　　　 (他住院時).
on Teachers’ Day
playing chess
was elected monitor
while he’s in hospital
課 時 測 評 作 業(yè)
維度一　基礎(chǔ)填空題(選詞填空)(每小題1分,共10分)
a　an　the　/
1.I’d like to play 　　　　　　　musical instrument.
2.Can you play 　　　　　　　tennis
3.I can play 　　　　　　　guitar and drums.
4.My grandpa is good at playing 　　　　　　　 Chinese chess.
5.They want to start 　　　　　　　art club.
a
/
the
/
an
6.This is 　　　　　　old kite and that is 　　　　　　 new kite.
7.I have 　　　　　　orange.It’s 　　　　　　big orange.
8.　　　　　　 Great Wall is 　　　　　　 longest wall all over the world.It’s in 　　　　　　 China.
9.This is 　　　　　　old book.But it is 　　　　　　 useful book.
10.I usually have 　　　　　　　　dinner at 6:30 pm.Then I go for
　　　　　　　 walk with my parents.
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維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.In space,where 　　　　　 effect of gravity is slight,things change, and they do so quite strongly.
2.Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of 　　　　　　 universe,it is 　　　　　　 waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth.
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3.In 　　　　　　　sense, the collaboration between universities and industries accelerates technological innovation.
4.Meanwhile,　　　　　　　　 effectiveness of acupuncture (針灸) and herbs is also well proved by scientific evidence.
5.For people there,　　　　　　　　 small dinner for friends and family means preparing almost 　　　　　　　　 dozen different dishes.
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6.Back in 　　　　　　　　1990s,the city’s unique geography forced Chongqing’s transport authorities to seek 　　　　　　 alternative to conventional subway trains.
7.Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with 　　　　　　 limit of 35 people.
8.Many of us might not give 　　　　　　　 second thought to dropping 　　　　　　　 small piece of litter.
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9.Flossie,a cat from 　　　　　　 UK,which was born on December 29,1995,holds 　　　　　　　 title of the oldest living cat.
10.Horse-drawn chariots were common in ancient China,but a sheep-drawn chariot is 　　　　　　　 extremely rare find.
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維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,20分)
1.Eating mooncakes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　 that symbolizes family reunion and completeness.
中秋節(jié)吃月餅是一種象征家人團聚和圓滿的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。
2.I came across 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
不久前某一天,我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些舊照片。
during the Mid-Autumn Festival is a
traditional custom
the old photos the other day
3.I think it’s pretty important 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
between working and playing.
我認(rèn)為保持工作和娛樂之間的平衡是很重要的。
4.Her father carried 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
when she was young.
在她小時候,她父親肩負(fù)著重大責(zé)任。
5.I’ve got 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　as she lied to us.
我感覺到很不愉快,因為她對我們說了謊。
to keep the balance
a heavy burden of responsibility
a horrible feeling
6.The guards 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
at his approach.
看到他靠近,帳篷外的守衛(wèi)們憂心忡忡地交換了一下眼神。
7.Rowan is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
with a master’s degree from Oxford University.
羅溫是一個嚴(yán)肅而聰明的人,擁有牛津大學(xué)的碩士學(xué)位。
outside the tent exchanged an anxious look
a serious and intelligent man
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, we had great fun singing and dancing outside.
短暫的休息之后,我們在外面唱歌、跳舞,玩兒得很開心。
9.His death was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他的死使我們大家都大為震驚。
10.The company offered me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
該公司給了我一份正是我一直在找的工作。
After a short rest
a great shock to us all
the very job I had been looking for

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