資源簡介

Part 1　Reading Comprehension
Step One:While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the main idea of the passage
A.How using some apps improves teenagers’ confidence.
B.How the social networking apps affect teenagers.
C.Why social networking apps are crucial nowadays.
D.Why teenagers are affected in a positive way.
答案　B
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Paras.1&2) A.Reasons for Mark’s not dropping social networking.
Part 2(Paras.3-6) B.Mark’s routine activities online.
Part 3(Para.7) C.Effects of social networking on Mark and his friends.
Part 4(Para.8) D.Conclusion.
答案　Part 1 B　Part 2 C　Part 3 A　Part 4 D
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Mark’s routine activities online Posting ①updates on social media constantly; Checking through ②social networking apps; Reading ③emails and answering ④text messages; Downloading ⑤songs and videos.
Influence of social networking on Mark Feeling ⑥depressed,dissatisfied and ⑦alone; Delaying ⑧important things in his real life.
Reasons why Mark can’t drop social networking Afraid of missing important ⑨appointments,⑩invitations and news 11updates; Needing to keep contact with 12his teachers and classmates.
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is Mark
A.A secondary school student.
B.A university student.
C.A fashion designer.
D.An excellent programmer.
2.How many young people find it easier to make friends online than it is “in real life”
A.Over one half. B.Over a quarter.
C.Over one third. D.Over two thirds.
3.What does Mark spend most of his free time on
A.Phones. B.Computers.
C.Emails. D.School tasks.
4.What does “go cold turkey” mean
A.Stop quickly.
B.Respond successfully.
C.Calm down.
D.Make it.
5.What’s Mark’s attitude to his problem
A.Positive. B.Satisfied.
C.Puzzled. D.Uncaring.
答案　1.B　2.D　3.A　4.A　5.C
Step Two:Post reading
Ⅰ.難句解構
1.My phone and laptop are never out of touching distance,so I’m constantly posting updates on social media—whether I’m having a coffee,on my way to school,watching TV...even when I’m in the shower.
[學會斷句]　本句為并列復合句,由so連接兩個并列分句。其中whether引導讓步狀語從句,when 引導時間狀語從句。
嘗試翻譯:我的手機和筆記本電腦一直在觸手可及的地方,所以我可以不斷地在社交媒體上發表最新信息——無論是在喝咖啡、上學的路上、看電視……甚至在洗澡的時候。
2.What is really worrying is that no one I know,including myself,could go cold turkey.
[學會斷句]　本句包含三個從句,其中What is really worrying為主語從句,what在從句中作主語;that引導表語從句;I know 為省略關系代詞who(m)/that的定語從句。
嘗試翻譯:令人真正擔心的是,我認識的每個人,包括我自己,都不能夠戒掉互聯網。
Ⅱ.翻轉課堂(課文語法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
A recent survey shows that it is difficult 1.to make (make) friends “in real life” 2.compared (compare) with online and that one no longer sees the very people he wants to see 3.because he has been “talking” to them all day.
Mark,4.who has 500 friends online,spends lots of time 5.on the Internet.However,he’s never felt 6.lonelier (lonely).As soon as he opens his eyes in the morning,he 7.checks (check) his emails,texts and posts on social networking apps or websites,which have him 8.glued (glue) to the phone 9.constantly (constant).Mark often chatters away on social networking sites,10.delaying (delay) his tasks and homework.That’s the problem with social networking.What do you think teenagers like Mark should do
[原文呈現] SO CLOSE,YET SO FAR
Mark never stops socialising with his friends online.But he’s also never felt more alone[1].
[1]此處為“否定詞+比較級”結構,表示最高級意義。
Where am I What am I doing If you’re one of my 500 friends online,you’ll always be the first to know.My phone and laptop are never out of touching distance①,so I’m constantly posting updates on social media② [2]—whether I’m having a coffee,on my way to③ school,watching TV...even when I’m in the shower④.As soon as I open my eyes in the morning[3],I check through⑤ all my social networking apps,read my emails and answer text messages.I do the same thing all over again while I’m having breakfast.
[2]be constantly doing...可理解成be always doing...,帶有感彩,意為“一直做某事,總是做某事”。
[3]此處是as soon as引導的時間狀語從句,意為“一……就……”。
I live in a university dorm⑥ with a couple of great roommates.I have a never-ending flow of⑦ messages and updates from all the people I associate with⑧ online.Yet the truth of the matter is:I feel lonely.
I’m barely⑨ the only person who feels this way.According to research,over two-thirds⑩ of young people find it easier to make friends online than it is “in real life”[4].I’m way beyond a shy or reserved person[5],but I’m wired up every day,like most of my friends.On the surface ,I have an active social life.I attend parties and play sports but I’m always distracted .They say that phones bring people closer together but in reality,my mind is always a million miles away.I obsess over exactly how many followers I have on my account,but I can’t remember the birthdays of some of my oldest mates.
[4]“find+it+adj.+to do”是find的復合結構,其中it是形式賓語,adj.是賓補,to do是真正的賓語,意為“覺得做某事很……”。
[5]句中的way用作副詞,修飾介詞beyond,可以理解成far beyond “遠非”。
Social networking dominates my life in so many ways.Sometimes I set deadlines for myself:I will start doing my homework at 8 pm,and aim to finish in two hours.At 7.50 pm,I’m still scrolling through my friends’ silly posts and photos.Before I know it,it’s 9.30 pm and I still haven’t moved an inch from the sofa[6].I download song after song,video after video,but I’m not really paying attention.The stimulation is in chasing after the next song rather than truly enjoying it.My friends try to drag me away from my phone,but as soon as I’m alone again,I’m desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.
[6]haven’t moved an inch from the sofa意為“在沙發上一動不動”。
I constantly feel depressed,dissatisfied and alone.Since I spend so much time socialising online[7],I keep delaying things that are important in my real life:homework,tasks,connecting with my friends and family members in a meaningful way.It’s funny that my friends and I chatter away online so much,but we end up having nothing to say when we meet.
[7]此處是since引導的原因狀語從句,since意為“由于,因為”。
A few days ago,I went out for a dinner get-together with some friends.My best friend left the table for 30 minutes because he had to take a call.Some spent the dinner bending over their phones,texting friends online but ignoring the ones who sat right in front of them[8].And the extraordinary thing is nobody thought this was rude;it’s just how life is nowadays.On a family holiday last summer,my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone.When it was charged,she just spent hours reading about her favourite popstar;not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window[9].
[8]句中的bending...,texting...but ignoring...為并列結構,用在spend...(in) doing...中。
[9]此處是not once引起的部分倒裝句。“否定詞not+狀語”置于句首時,句子用部分倒裝。
What is really worrying[10] is that no one I know,including myself,could go cold turkey.I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments,invitations and news updates you would miss! Alcoholics who want to quit drinking can avoid booze,but how do we give up our phones After all,I need it for my studies because my teachers and classmates need to contact me at any time.
[10]此處是what引導的主語從句。
So,that’s the problem with social networking.We’re hard-wired in,but we’re more disconnected than ever.
[名師圈點]
①out of touching distance超出觸手可及的距離
②post updates on social media在社交媒體上發布最新信息
post /p st/ vt.發布
update / p deIt/ n.最新消息 vt.更新
③on one’s way to...在某人去……的路上(其中one’s可以用the替換,to是介詞,后接名詞)
④shower / a (r)/ n.淋浴噴頭;淋浴間;淋浴
⑤check through仔細檢查,核對
⑥a university dorm一個大學宿舍
⑦a never-ending flow of源源不斷的
⑧associate / s ie t/ vt.與某人交往
associate with 與某人交往
⑨barely / be li/ adv.幾乎不;僅僅,勉強,剛剛好
⑩two-thirds三分之二
分數表達法之一:分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞,分子大于1時,序數詞用復數形式。
reserved /r z vd/adj.含蓄的;內斂的;矜持的
on the surface從表面上看
distracted /d str kt d/ adj.心神不定的,精神無法集中的
obsess / b ses/ vt.使迷戀vt.& vi.困擾;心神不寧
obsess over 對……過分擔心
dominate / d m ne t/ vi.& vt.主宰,支配,控制
set deadlines 設定截止日期
scroll through 上下滾動瀏覽
stimulation / st mj le n/ n.刺激,激勵
chase after追逐;追求
be desperate to do sth非常想做某事
chatter away 喋喋不休
end up doing/end up with sth以(做)某事而告終;結果是……
get-together / get t ge (r)/ n.聚會(同義詞:party,reunion)
take a call 接聽電話
make a call 打電話
bend over one’s phones低頭看某人的手機
charge /t ɑ d / vt.給……充電
charge one’s phone給某人的手機充電
charge一詞多義,還可以表示“收費,掌管,指控,向……猛沖”等。
go cold turkey(俚語)改掉壞習慣,放棄做某事
imagine doing sth想象做某事
[參考譯文] 這么近,但又那么遠
馬克從未間斷與朋友們的網上交往,但是他也從來沒有感到這么孤獨過。
我在哪里 我在做什么 如果你是我的500個網友之一,你總會第一個知道。我的手機和筆記本電腦一直在觸手可及的地方,所以我可以不斷地在社交媒體上發表最新信息——無論是在喝咖啡、上學的路上、看電視……甚至在洗澡的時候。早上一睜開眼,我就會立刻去查看所有社交網絡應用程序,閱讀電子郵件并回復短信。我在吃早餐的時候會再做一遍這些事情。
我住在大學宿舍里,室友們都很好。我總是不停地收到交往的網友發來的信息和最新消息。 然而事實卻是:我感到孤獨。
我不是唯一一個有這種感覺的人。研究顯示,超過三分之二的年輕人發現在網上交友比在“現實生活中”交友更容易。我遠非一個害羞或含蓄的人,但是我每天都在網上,我的朋友們大多也是如此。從表面上看,我的社交生活很豐富。我也參加派對和體育運動,但總是不能專心。 他們說手機讓人們聯系更加緊密,但實際上,我的思緒總是飛到十萬八千里之外。我總是惦記自己的賬戶有多少人關注,但卻記不住一些老朋友的生日。
社交網絡在很多方面都控制著我的生活。有時我會為自己設定截止時間:我要在晚上8點開始做作業,并且要在兩小時內完成。晚上7:50,我還在瀏覽朋友們發的無聊帖子和照片。等我意識到的時候已經是晚上9:30了,我還在沙發上坐著一動不動。我下載一首又一首歌曲,一個又一個視頻,但其實并不在意。我的興奮點是追尋下一首歌曲,不是真正欣賞音樂。朋友們試圖讓我遠離手機。但是一旦我再次獨自一人,我就迫不及待地想回到網絡世界和它所提供的緊張活動中去。
我經常感到沮喪、不滿和孤獨。因為我在社交網絡上花了太多時間,所以我總是拖延現實生活中重要的事情:家庭作業、任務、以及用有意義
的方式和家人朋友聯系。有趣的是,我和朋友們經常在網上聊得熱火朝天,但見面時卻無話可說。
幾天前,我和一些朋友出去吃晚飯。我最好的朋友因為不得不接聽電話而離席30分鐘。有些人整個晚餐都埋頭在看手機,給網上的朋友發短信,卻忽略了坐在他們面前的人。不可思議的是沒有人認為這不禮貌;這就是現在的生活方式。在去年夏天家庭度假的時候,我的姐姐把她所有的時間都花在抱怨她需要給手機充電這件事情上了。手機充上電后,又花了數小時瀏覽她最喜歡的流行歌星的消息,她一次也沒有抬起頭來欣賞窗外的風景。
令人真正擔心的是,我認識的每個人,包括我自己,都不能夠戒掉互聯網。我甚至無法想象一周沒有社交網絡的情形——想想所有你可能錯過的重要約會、邀請和新聞更新吧!想要戒酒的酗酒者可以避免飲酒,但我們如何杜絕手機呢 畢竟,我需要用它來學習,因為我的老師和同學需要隨時與我聯系。
所以,這就是社交網絡的問題。我們被網絡連接,但卻比以往更加疏遠。(共38張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Lesson 3
Part 1　Reading Comprehension
文本整體理解
內
容
索
引
語篇助解釋疑
文 本 整 體 理 解
Step One:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the main idea of the passage
A.How using some apps improves teenagers’ confidence.
B.How the social networking apps affect teenagers.
C.Why social networking apps are crucial nowadays.
D.Why teenagers are affected in a positive way.
√
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Paras.1&2) A.Reasons for Mark’s not dropping social
networking.
Part 2(Paras.3-6) B.Mark’s routine activities online.
Part 3(Para.7) C.Effects of social networking on Mark and his
friends.
Part 4(Para.8) D.Conclusion.
答案　Part 1 B　Part 2 C　Part 3 A　Part 4 D
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Mark’s routine activities online Posting ①　　　　　　 on social media constantly;
Checking through ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　;
Reading ③　　　　　 and answering ④　　　　　　　;
Downloading ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　.
Influence of social networking on Mark Feeling ⑥　　　　　　　, dissatisfied and ⑦　　　　　　;
Delaying ⑧　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in his real life.
updates
social networking apps
emails
text messages
songs and videos
depressed
alone
important things
Reasons why Mark can’t drop social networking Afraid of missing important ⑨　　　　　　　　　　,
⑩　　　　　　　　 and news 　　　　　　　;
Needing to keep contact with
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
appointments
invitations
updates
his teachers and classmates
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is Mark
A.A secondary school student.
B.A university student.
C.A fashion designer.
D.An excellent programmer.
√
2.How many young people find it easier to make friends online than it is “in real life”
A.Over one half. B.Over a quarter.
C.Over one-third. D.Over two-thirds.
3.What does Mark spend most of his free time on
A.Phones. B.Computers.
C.Emails. D.School tasks.
√
√
4.What does “go cold turkey” mean
A.Stop quickly. B.Respond successfully.
C.Calm down. D.Make it.
5.What’s Mark’s attitude to his problem
A.Positive. B.Satisfied.
C.Puzzled. D.Uncaring.
√
√
Step Two:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構
1.My phone and laptop are never out of touching distance,so I’m constantly posting updates on social media—whether I’m having a coffee,on my way to school,watching TV...even when I’m in the shower.
[學會斷句]　本句為并列復合句,由　　　　　　連接兩個并列分句。其中　　　　　　　引導讓步狀語從句,　　　　　　 引導時間狀語從句。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
so
whether
when
我的手機和筆記本電腦一直在觸手可及的地方,所以我可以不斷地在社交媒體上發表最新信息——無論是在喝咖啡、上學的路上、看電視……甚至在洗澡的時候。
2.What is really worrying is that no one I know,including myself,could go cold turkey.
[學會斷句]　本句包含三個從句,其中What is really worrying為
　　　　　　從句,what在從句中作主語;　　　　　引導表語從句;　　　　　　　 為省略關系代詞who(m)/that的定語從句。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
主語
that
I know
令人真正擔心的是,我認識的每個人,包括我自己,都不能夠戒掉互聯網。
Ⅱ.翻轉課堂(課文語法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
A recent survey shows that it is difficult 1.　　　　　　 (make) friends “in real life” 2.　　　　　　 (compare) with online and that one no longer sees the very people he wants to see 3.　　　　　　 he has been “talking” to them all day.
to make
compared
because
Mark,4.　　　　　　　 has 500 friends online,spends lots of time 5.　　　　 the Internet.However,he’s never felt 6.　　　　　 (lonely). As soon as he opens his eyes in the morning,he 7.　　　　　　 (check) his emails,texts and posts on social networking apps or websites,which have him 8.　　　　 (glue) to the phone 9.　　　　　　　 (constant). Mark often chatters away on social networking sites,10.____________
(delay) his tasks and homework.That’s the problem with social networking.What do you think teenagers like Mark should do
who
on
lonelier
checks
glued
constantly
delaying
語 篇 助 解 釋 疑
SO CLOSE,YET SO FAR
Mark never stops socialising with his friends online.But he’s also never felt more alone[1].
[1]此處為“否定詞+比較級”結構,表示最高級意義。
[原文呈現]
Where am I What am I doing If you’re one of my 500 friends online,you’ll always be the first to know.My phone and laptop are never out of touching distance①,so I’m constantly posting updates on social media② [2]—whether I’m having a coffee,on my way to③ school,watching TV...even when I’m in the shower④.As soon as I open my eyes in the morning[3],I check through⑤ all my social networking apps,read my emails and answer text messages.I do the same thing all over again while I’m having breakfast.
[2]be constantly doing...可理解成be always doing...,帶有感彩,意為“一直做某事,總是做某事”。
[3]此處是as soon as引導的時間狀語從句,意為“一……就……”。
I live in a university dorm⑥ with a couple of great roommates.I have a never-ending flow of⑦ messages and updates from all the people I associate with⑧ online.Yet the truth of the matter is:I feel lonely.
I’m barely⑨ the only person who feels this way.According to research,over two-thirds⑩ of young people find it easier to make friends online than it is “in real life”[4].I’m way beyond a shy or reserved person[5],but I’m wired up every day,like most of my friends.On the surface ,I have an active social life.I attend parties and play sports but I’m always distracted .They say that phones bring people closer together but in reality,my mind is always a million miles away.I obsess over exactly how many followers I have on my account,but I can’t remember the birthdays of some of my oldest mates.
[4]“find+it+adj.+to do”是find的復合結構,其中it是形式賓語,adj.是賓補,to do是真正的賓語,意為“覺得做某事很……”。
[5]句中的way用作副詞,修飾介詞beyond,可以理解成far beyond “遠非”。
Social networking dominates my life in so many ways.Sometimes I set deadlines for myself:I will start doing my homework at 8 pm,and aim to finish in two hours.At 7.50 pm,I’m still scrolling through my friends’ silly posts and photos.Before I know it,it’s 9.30 pm and I still haven’t moved an inch from the sofa[6].I download song after song,video after video,but I’m not really paying attention.The stimulation is in chasing after the next song rather than truly enjoying it.My friends try to drag me away from my phone,but as soon as I’m alone again,I’m desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.
[6]haven’t moved an inch from the sofa意為“在沙發上一動不動”。
[7]此處是since引導的原因狀語從句,since意為“由于,因為”。
[10]此處是what引導的主語從句。
So,that’s the problem with social networking.We’re hard-wired in,but we’re more disconnected than ever.
[名師圈點]
①out of touching distance超出觸手可及的距離
②post updates on social media在社交媒體上發布最新信息
post /p st/ vt.發布
update / p deIt/ n.最新消息 vt.更新
③on one’s way to...在某人去……的路上(其中one’s可以用the替換,to是介詞,后接名詞)
④shower / a (r)/ n.淋浴噴頭;淋浴間;淋浴
⑤check through仔細檢查,核對
⑥a university dorm一個大學宿舍
⑦a never-ending flow of源源不斷的
⑧associate / s ie t/ vt.與某人交往
associate with 與某人交往
⑨barely / be li/ adv.幾乎不;僅僅,勉強,剛剛好
⑩two-thirds三分之二
分數表達法之一:分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞,分子大于1時,序數詞用復數形式。
reserved /r z vd/adj.含蓄的;內斂的;矜持的
on the surface從表面上看
distracted /d str kt d/ adj.心神不定的,精神無法集中的
obsess / b ses/ vt.使迷戀vt.& vi.困擾;心神不寧
obsess over 對……過分擔心
dominate / d m ne t/ vi.& vt.主宰,支配,控制
set deadlines 設定截止日期
scroll through 上下滾動瀏覽
stimulation / st mj le n/ n.刺激,激勵
chase after追逐;追求
be desperate to do sth非常想做某事
這么近,但又那么遠
馬克從未間斷與朋友們的網上交往,但是他也從來沒有感到這么孤獨過。
我在哪里 我在做什么 如果你是我的500個網友之一,你總會第一個知道。我的手機和筆記本電腦一直在觸手可及的地方,所以我可以不斷地在社交媒體上發表最新信息——無論是在喝咖啡、上學的路上、看電視……甚至在洗澡的時候。早上一睜開眼,我就會立刻去查看所有社交網絡應用程序,閱讀電子郵件并回復短信。我在吃早餐的時候會再做一遍這些事情。
[參考譯文]
我住在大學宿舍里,室友們都很好。我總是不停地收到交往的網友發來的信息和最新消息。 然而事實卻是:我感到孤獨。
我不是唯一一個有這種感覺的人。研究顯示,超過三分之二的年輕人發現在網上交友比在“現實生活中”交友更容易。我遠非一個害羞或含蓄的人,但是我每天都在網上,我的朋友們大多也是如此。從表面上看,我的社交生活很豐富。我也參加派對和體育運動,但總是不能專心。 他們說手機讓人們聯系更加緊密,但實際上,我的思緒總是飛到十萬八千里之外。我總是惦記自己的賬戶有多少人關注,但卻記不住一些老朋友的生日。
社交網絡在很多方面都控制著我的生活。有時我會為自己設定截止時間:我要在晚上8點開始做作業,并且要在兩小時內完成。晚上7:50,我還在瀏覽朋友們發的無聊帖子和照片。等我意識到的時候已經是晚上9:30了,我還在沙發上坐著一動不動。我下載一首又一首歌曲,一個又一個視頻,但其實并不在意。我的興奮點是追尋下一首歌曲,不是真正欣賞音樂。朋友們試圖讓我遠離手機。但是一旦我再次獨自一人,我就迫不及待地想回到網絡世界和它所提供的緊張活動中去。
我經常感到沮喪、不滿和孤獨。因為我在社交網絡上花了太多時間,所以我總是拖延現實生活中重要的事情:家庭作業、任務、以及用有意義的方式和家人朋友聯系。有趣的是,我和朋友們經常在網上聊得熱火朝天,但見面時卻無話可說。
幾天前,我和一些朋友出去吃晚飯。我最好的朋友因為不得不接聽電話而離席30分鐘。有些人整個晚餐都埋頭在看手機,給網上的朋友發短信,卻忽略了坐在他們面前的人。不可思議的是沒有人認為這不禮貌;這就是現在的生活方式。在去年夏天家庭度假的時候,我的姐姐把她所有的時間都花在抱怨她需要給手機充電這件事情上了。手機充上電后,又花了數小時瀏覽她最喜歡的流行歌星的消息,她一次也沒有抬起頭來欣賞窗外的風景。
令人真正擔心的是,我認識的每個人,包括我自己,都不能夠戒掉互聯網。我甚至無法想象一周沒有社交網絡的情形——想想所有你可能錯過的重要約會、邀請和新聞更新吧!想要戒酒的酗酒者可以避免飲酒,但我們如何杜絕手機呢 畢竟,我需要用它來學習,因為我的老師和同學需要隨時與我聯系。
所以,這就是社交網絡的問題。我們被網絡連接,但卻比以往更加疏遠。Part 2　Language points
[核心單詞·練通]
1.dorm /d m/ n.寢室,學生宿舍
2.flow /fl / n.流動 vi.流,流動
3.million / mIlj n/ n.百萬
4.mate /meIt/ n.朋友,伙伴
5.chase /t eIs/ vi.& vt.努力贏得 n.追逐,追趕
6.desperate / desp r t/ adj.拼命的;絕望的
7.delay /dI leI/ vi.& vt.推遲,延期
8.bend /bend/ vi.& vt.彎腰;俯身
9.dominate / d m neIt/ vi.& vt.主宰,支配,控制
10.intense /In tens/ adj.緊張的,激烈的;劇烈的
11.scroll /skr l/ vi.上下滾動
12.inch /Int / n.英寸
13.extraordinary /Ik str d n ri/ adj.令人驚奇的,異乎尋常的
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.constantly / k nst ntli/ adv.持續不斷地→constant adj.連續不斷的
2.barely / be li/ adv.幾乎不→bare adj.裸體的;裸露的;光禿禿的
3.complain /k m pleIn/ vi.& vt.抱怨;不滿;發牢騷→complaint n.怨言,牢騷
4.appointment / p Intm nt/ n.約定;約會→appoint vt.任命;委派;約定
5.reality /ri l ti/ n.現實;真實→real adj.真的;真實的→really adv.真正地
6.depressed /dI prest/ adj.沮喪的,憂愁的→depress vt.使抑郁,使沮喪→depressing adj.令人沮喪的→depression n.沮喪,消沉
7.rude /ru d/ adj.無禮的→rudely adv.粗魯地,無禮地→rudeness n.無禮
8.alcoholic / lk h lIk/ n.酗酒者,嗜酒成癮者 adj.(含)酒精的→alcohol n.酒;酒精
9.stimulation / stImj leI n/ n.刺激→
stimulate vt.刺激;激發,促進
10.distracted /dI str ktId/ adj.心神不定的,精神無法集中的→distract vt.轉移;分散;分心
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.socialise / s laIz/ vi.交友;交際;交往
2.laptop / l pt p/ n.筆記本電腦,便攜式電腦
3.app / p/ n.應用程序
4.associate / s ieIt/ vt.與某人交往
5.reserved /rI z vd/ adj.含蓄的;內斂的
6.wired /waI d/ adj.聯網的;極其興奮的
7.deadline / dedlaIn/ n.截止日期,最后期限
8.obsess / b ses/ vt.使迷戀
[重點短語·再現]
1.end up doing sth 以做某事結束
2.associate with 與某人交往
3.socialise with 與某人交往,交流
4.on the surface 從表面上看
5.chase after 追逐;追求
6.obsess over 對……過分擔心
7.chatter away 喋喋不休
8.social networking 社交網絡
[典型句式·默背]
根據課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　否定詞與比較級連用表達最高級
[教材原句]　But he’s also never felt more alone.
但是他也從來沒有感到這么孤獨過。
2.[句型公式]　the first to do sth
[教材原句]　If you’re one of my 500 friends online,you’ll always be the first to know.
如果你是我的500個網友之一,你總會第一個知道。
3.[句型公式]　as soon as引導時間狀語從句
[教材原句]　As soon as I open my eyes in the morning,I check through all my social networking apps,read my emails and answer text messages.
早上一睜開眼,我就會立刻去查看所有社交網絡應用程序,閱讀電子郵件并回復短信。
4.[句型公式]　before引導時間狀語從句
[教材原句]　Before I know it,it’s 9.30 pm and I still haven’t moved an inch from the sofa.
等我意識到的時候已經是晚上9:30了,我還在沙發上坐著一動不動。
核心單詞練透
1.desperate adj.拼命的;絕望的;非常需要;渴望;極嚴重的;很危急的
教材原文　...I’m desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.
我就迫不及待地想回到網絡世界和它所提供的緊張活動中去。
感知　語言先輸入
①The only thing she was desperate to do was throw herself onto her little bed and weep wildly!(情緒描寫)
②The survivors from the earthquake are desperate for food and water.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be desperate to do sth　 急切地想要做某事
be desperate for sth 渴望得到某物
in desperate need of 極其需要……
(2)desperately adv. 拼命地;絕望地
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①My nephew chases after the stimulation from video games desperately(desperate) so that he forgets about meals and sleep.
②I am desperate for the chance to be a volunteer.I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(申請信)
我渴望有機會成為一名志愿者。我的確希望您能給我這個寶貴的機會。
③She was desperate to work to provide for a large family.
她極想工作來供養一個大家庭。
2.delay vi.& vt.推遲,延期 n.耽擱;延誤
教材原文　Since I spend so much time socialising online,I keep delaying things that are important in my real life...
因為我在社交網絡上花了太多時間,所以我總是拖延現實生活中重要的事情……
感知　語言先輸入
①I’m sorry to have delayed answering your letter.
②He suggested that the problem be solved without delay.
記牢　知識再梳理
delay doing sth　　 延遲做某事
without delay 毫不拖延地;立即
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①I don’t like his habit of delaying performing(perform) tasks until the deadline.
②A thick cloud of smoke greeted him,so he rushed out of the house without (any) delay.(動作描寫)
一股濃煙向他撲來,他毫不遲疑地沖出了屋子。
3.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;不滿;發牢騷
教材原文　On a family holiday last summer,my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone.
在去年夏天家庭度假的時候,我的姐姐把她所有的時間都花在抱怨她需要給手機充電這件事情上了。
感知　語言先輸入
①I’m going to complain to the manager about this.
②He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)complain to sb of/about sth 向某人抱怨某事
complain (to sb) that... (向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint n. 怨言;牢騷
make a complaint (to sb) about sth (向某人)抱怨/投訴/控告某事
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①I am now writing to make a complaint (complain) about the service of your hotel.(投訴信)
②In time of difficulty,what we need is not complaint about it but understanding of each other.(主旨升華)
困難的時候,我們需要的不是抱怨困難而是互相的理解。
③The couple complained about/of the high cost of visiting Europe.
這對夫婦抱怨到歐洲旅游費用太高。
4.appointment n.約定;約會
教材原文　I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments,invitations and news updates you would miss!
我甚至無法想象一周沒有社交網絡的情形——想想所有你可能錯過的重要約會、邀請和新聞更新吧!
感知　語言先輸入
①Now that you’ve made an appointment with your friend,you should keep an appointment.
②I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)make an appointment with sb 與某人做約定
keep/break an appointment 守/違約
(2)appoint vt.　　　　　　　 任命;委派;約定
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人為……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①We made an appointment (appoint) that we will go there together again.
②I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
我被委派負責安排那天所有的活動。
③Learning he was appointed as head of the team,he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house.(情緒描寫)
得知他被任命為隊長后,他激動得雀躍著進了家門。
片段鞏固(對差勁服務的投訴)　用desperate;delay;complain;appointment完成心理、動作描寫的片段
　　我寫此信是要投訴我上周三在你們旅館住宿時你們的差勁服務。我們一到,你們的接待員就粗魯地告訴我們所有的房間都被預訂了。在被告知我們不僅和你們的經理預約了,而且提前預訂了房間后,她不情愿地讓我們進去,耽誤了很多時間。無論何時何地,我們從未經歷過如此糟糕的服務,這讓我們感到沮喪。我們極其需要一個合理的解釋。
I am writing 1.to complain about/of your poor service(不定式短語作目的狀語) when I stayed at your hotel last Wednesday.As soon as we arrived,your receptionist told us all the rooms had been reserved in a rude manner.Having been told that we 2.had not only made an appointment with your manager but also booked a room ahead of time(not only...but also...),she unwillingly showed us in 3.with much delay(介詞短語作狀語).Never have we experienced such poor service,whenever and wherever we are,which made us depressed.We 4.are in desperate need of (介詞短語) a reasonable explanation.
短語句式通關　
1.associate with與某人交往
教材原文　I have a never ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online.我總是不停地收到交往的網友發來的信息和最新消息。
感知　語言先輸入
①I always associate the smell of baking food with my childhood.
②Bamboo plants are associated with health,abundance and a happy home.(活動介紹)
③These ancient tools are often found in association with broken animal bones.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)associate...with... 由……聯想起……;將……與……聯系起來
be associated with 　 與……有關聯
(2)association n. 協會,聯盟;聯系
in association with... 與……合作;與……有關聯
運用　完成語段
The Spoken English Club situated on the ground floor in our library has been set up in association with our foreign teachers,who associate our fluent English with more active practice.So join our club right now,where not only can you improve your spoken English but you can also learn how to associate with others.(邀請信)
在與我們的外教合作下,位于我們圖書館一樓的英語口語俱樂部已經成立了,外教把我們流利的英語和更積極的練習聯系在一起。因此,現在加入我們俱樂部吧,在這里你不僅可以提高英語口語,而且可以學會如何與其他人交往。
2.句型公式:“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級含義
教材原文　But he’s also never felt more alone.但是他也從來沒有感到這么孤獨過。
感知　語言先輸入
①Nothing could be better.
②I couldn’t feel better about the interview! The questions were very fair,and I answered all of them fluently.
記牢　知識再梳理
在“否定詞+比較級”結構中,常用的否定詞有no、not、never、hardly、nothing、nobody等。該句型屬于否定形式表達肯定含義。
運用　完成句子
①To begin with,it couldn’t be better if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together to practice oral English.(建議信,2023·新課標Ⅰ卷)
首先,如果英語水平不同的學生可以聚在一起練習口語,那就再好不過了。
②“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one!” the mother responded excitedly.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
“我從來沒吃過比這更美味的早餐!”媽媽激動地回答道。
3.句型公式:the+序數詞+to do
教材原文　If you’re one of my 500 friends online,you’ll always be the first to know.
如果你是我的500個網友之一,你總會第一個知道。
感知　語言先輸入
①She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the Rio Olympic Games.(人物介紹)
②I feel greatly honored to have an opportunity to deliver a speech here.(演講稿)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)當中心詞是序數詞或被序數詞、形容詞最高級等修飾時或前有next、only、last等時,常用不定式作后置定語。
(2)動詞不定式作定語用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞,常見的有:ability、chance、ambition、offer、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等。
運用　完成句子
①Anna is a diligent student and she is always the first student to arrive at the classroom.
安娜是一個勤奮的學生,她總是第一個到達教室的學生。
②He is the only person to know the truth.
他是唯一一個知道真相的人。
③The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表達思想的能力和思想本身一樣重要。
片段鞏固(建議競選學生會主席)　用associate with;否定詞+比較級;不定式作后置定語完成片段
　　你很優秀,也很有幽默感。此外,你的英語口語很好,你知道如何與他人交往,這使你更容易處理狀況。我相信你能勝任這一職務,且有能力做好這項高要求的工作。要了解更多競選的詳細信息,你可以與負責人懷特老師預約。事實上,沒有人比你能成為更負責任、更合格的學生會主席了。
You are excellent and also have a good sense of humour.Besides,your spoken English is very good,and you know 1.how to associate with others(how to do),which makes it easier for you to handle the situation.I hold the belief that you are qualified for the position and have 2.the ability to do the demanding work well(不定式作后置定語).For more detailed information about the election,you can make an appointment with Mr White,the teacher in charge.As a matter of fact,3.nobody can be a more responsible and qualified president of the Student Council than you(否定詞+比較級).
高考熱點微練　
Ⅰ.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
1.People are prepared to commute long distances if they are desperate for work.adj.渴望
2.She inched her way through the narrow passage,trying not to touch the walls with thick dirt.vt.緩慢移動
3.However weak the nation may be,it will never bend to a greater power.vi.屈服于
Ⅱ.選出chase 的漢語意思
A.vt.追逐　B.vt.爭取得到　C.vt.催促
1.I need to chase him about organizing the meeting.C
2.The kids chased each other around the kitchen table.A
3.The team is chasing its first win in five games.B
[基礎語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.The baby is seriously ill.Please send her to hospital without delay (延遲).
2.Unlike most trees,this one bends (彎腰) in the middle,struggling all the way up to get more sunshine.
3.He is recognized as an extraordinary (非凡的) artist.
4.He chased (追逐) after the burglar but couldn’t catch him.
5.As you know,the river flows (流) into the East Sea in the east of the city.
6.The dorm /d m/ will remain open until 5 pm.
7.Jamaica is home to over two million / mIlj n/ people.
8.Steve and I became soul mates,near constant companions.
9.There are hundreds of people desperate to adopt a child.
10.In the past,women entering the field dominated by the male cannot be condoned.
Ⅱ.詞形轉換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.Depressed (depress)about her future,she has barely slept these days.
2.Alcoholic (alcohol) beverages are served in the hotel lounge.
3.He is constantly (constant) telling me to take extra care when driving on the icy road.
4.Mr Smith can’t put up with his wife’s constant complaint(complain) and he went out for a walk.
5.You have a big dream and you should work hard to make it a reality(real).
6.Don’t break an appointment(appoint) with your dentist any more just because you are afraid.
7.My nephew is much too outgoing and he gets distracted(distract) easily.
8.I could barely(bare) hear above the roar of traffic.
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共7.5分)
(
end up
,
associate with
,
on the surface
,
obsess over
,
chatter away
)
1.Her mother always obsesses over her associating with bad girls through social networking.
2.If you kept chattering away online so much,your relationship with your parents would become worse.
3.In the great effort not to offend,we ended up saying nothing.
4.She didn’t want to associate with the likes of me.
5.It seems like a good idea on the surface but there are sure to be problems.
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(每小題2分,共8分)
1.I have never seen a better film than this one so far.(否定詞與比較級連用表達最高級)
到目前為止我沒看過比這部更好的電影。
2.I was the first to ask him these questions,but there’ll be harder ones to come.(the first to do sth)
我是第一個向他提出這些問題的人,不過還會有人問更難回答的問題。
3.As soon as I put the dishes on the table,my parents gave me a thumbs up.(as soon as引導時間狀語從句)
當我把盤子放在桌子上時,我的父母就表揚了我。
4.Before we draw a conclusion,we should carry out more research.(before引導時間狀語從句)
在下結論之前,我們應該進行更多的研究。
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共20分)
A
Adults living by themselves may have a higher risk of dying from cancer compared with those who live with others,a new study suggests.
The research,published Thursday in the journal Cancer,found that among 114,772 working age adults who lived alone,2.5% of them died of cancer during the study period.Meanwhile,among 358,876 adults who lived with others,1.6%,a much smaller share,died of cancer in the study.Adults aged 18 to 64 were enrolled in the study and researchers found the strongest association was in those aged 45 to 64.
The researchers from the American Cancer Society analyzed data on more than 470,000 adults from the National Health Interview Survey,taking a close look at how many of the adults lived alone versus with others and how many died of cancer.
“Our findings may suggest that stronger social support existing in communities from racial minority groups and people of lower socioeconomic status might have alleviated (緩解) the association between living alone and cancer death in this group,but we need more research on reasons for these differences,” Islami said.
Compared with adults living with others,adults living alone were more likely to have poor self reported health status,activity limitation,serious psychological distress,severe obesity,smoke cigarettes,or consume alcohol,according to the study.
“More research is needed to identify the exact underlying mechanisms to explain the association between living alone and cancer death”,Kathrin Milbury,associate professor of behavioral science at the University of Texas,who was not involved in the new study,said in an email.
“The biological mechanisms of social isolation are not fully understood;however,humans are social beings,and being isolated creates a state of biological stress that is harmful to our health,” Milbury said.“The other mechanism I believe is related to being in a relationship with others,beyond benefiting just from their presence,but also receiving their care and support.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究表明,相比于與他人同住的人,獨居的成年人死于癌癥的風險更高。
1.How does the author justify the finding in paragraph 2
A.By analyzing reasons.
B.By listing statistics.
C.By giving examples.
D.By making comments.
答案　B　[寫作手法題。第二段是通過列舉具體研究數據來證明“獨居的成年人死于癌癥的風險更高”這一結論的,故選B項。]
2.Which of the following will Islami probably agree with
A.Stronger social support will not cause cancer death.
B.People in their 50s are more likely to survive cancer.
C.Influences of social support need to be further explored.
D.People from minority groups have stronger social support.
答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據第四段中Islami所說的話可知,Islami認為需要進行更多的研究來解釋這些差異的原因。由此可知,Islami會贊同引起這種差異的社會支持的影響需要進一步探索的想法,故選C項。]
3.Which problem is not mentioned about living alone
A.Abusing alcohol.
B.Walking inconvenience.
C.Gaining weight.
D.Communicative disability.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第五段“Compared with adults living with...alcohol,according to the study.”可知,獨居的問題包括酗酒、活動不便和肥胖,D項“交際障礙”文章未提及,故選D項。]
4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A.Scientists have revealed the underlying mechanisms.
B.Receiving others’ support helps relieve social isolation.
C.Lonely people can receive more social care and support.
D.More scientists have been attracted to the great research.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Milbury所說的話和“The other mechanism I believe...receiving their care and support.”可推知,得到他人的支持有助于緩解社會孤立,故選B項。]
B
The message is drummed into us from childhood:forgive people who’ve wronged you,because it’s the right thing to do.Forgiveness is a virtue,we’re told,the only way for us to truly move on and heal.But forgiving someone is not always what’s best for us.In fact,if someone has hurt you deeply and the relationship isn’t healthy,trying to “fix” things can do more harm than good.
Most of us would probably agree that forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings like anger towards them.Actually it pressures us to minimize our feelings and revise our boundaries—to say “it’s OK” when for us,it isn’t.And when someone doesn’t make us feel seen or safe,forgiving them can actually weaken our self respect.A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology called this “the doormat effect”.It found that people who forgave partners that didn’t make them feel valued had less respect for themselves,along with a weakened sense of self.
If you keep on forgiving someone who’s done wrong,it can encourage that person to keep hurting you.That’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James K.McNulty argues.He looked at how 72 newlywed couples expressed forgiveness towards acts of aggression (攻擊性),and whether this caused any changes in the wrongdoer’s behaviour.He found that when a partner was more likely to forgive those acts,the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them.This is because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways,and being offered a clean sheet can allow them to avoid making changes.Forgiving frequent and major offenses (冒犯),like verbal or physical abuse,can do more harm than good.
What if,instead of looking to forgiveness like a magic medicine,we put our energies towards accepting a situation for what it is This way,we can focus on recognizing what happened and coming to terms with it,however that looks for us and without any sense of obligation towards our offender.It’ll still be a process,sure,but it’s one centred around you and your needs.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了作者對原諒的必要性的看法。
5.What will happen if we forgive a wrongdoer according to “the doormat effect”
A.We’ll be free from negative thoughts.
B.The relationship will be strengthened.
C.The wrongdoer will change his behavior.
D.We’ll have less self respect and self awareness.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第二段“It found that people who...a weakened sense of self.”可知,如果我們原諒一個錯事者,我們的自尊和自我意識也會減少,故選D項。]
6.How does the writer mainly illustrate his argument
A.By making comparisons.
B.By listing examples.
C.By citing research results.
D.By giving definitions.
答案　C　[寫作手法題。根據第二段中“A 2010 research paper published...called this ‘the doormat effect’.”以及第三段中“That’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James K.McNulty argues.”可知,作者主要是通過引用研究成果闡述他的論點的,故選C項。]
7.What can be concluded from James K.McNulty’s research
A.Forgiving a wrongdoer’s behavior stops him from hurting others.
B.Facing the consequences of aggression does more harm than good.
C.Ignoring major offenses encourages a wrongdoer’s acts of aggression.
D.Forgiving frequent aggression prevents a wrongdoer from making changes.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第三段可知,從James K.McNulty的研究中得出的結論是,原諒頻繁的攻擊行為會阻止一個做錯事的人做出改變,他們更可能繼續犯下這些行為。故選D項。]
8.What does the writer suggest readers do
A.Forgive and forget.
B.Learn to take the situation as it is.
C.Center on yourself.
D.Keep on good terms with offenders.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段“What if,instead of looking...coming to terms with it”可知,作者建議讀者學會認清現狀,故選B項。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
Dogs are our friends.Taking your dog to work with you can be great for 　1　.That was what Steyaert,who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market learned after 　2　 her dog Nelson there.At first,she did so just to prevent him from being 　3　 during the day.She put a blanket in front of her stand so that Nelson could sit there 　4　 and take in everything around him.
Soon Steyaert realized that Nelson’s presence would 　5　 shoppers walking by.　“He lifts his paw to greet people,” Steyaert said.“He knows how to steal their 　6　.And people’s behaviour made me 　7　.I never thought passers by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”
The 　8　 Nelson gets from strangers passing by varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love.Many people have 　9　 him over the years.Steyaert,in turn,has gained more 　10　 within her community.“It happens often that people 　11　 me through Nelson,” Steyaert said.
Besides interesting many shoppers,Nelson has also 　12　 some people.For example,one day a girl asked Steyaert if she could pet Nelson.She told Steyaert her dog had just passed away and that it was 　13　 to see and pet Nelson.That encouraged Steyaert to 　14　 her influential act of taking Nelson to her workplace.
While Nelson’s presence in the market 　15　 Steyaert’s sales,it’s their relationship that benefits much more from it.“He’s my best friend and always at my side,” Steyaert said.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在露天市場賣女裝的斯泰耶特帶著她的狗狗納爾遜去上班,納爾遜的存在不僅為斯泰耶特帶來了更多生意,也讓很多人得到了治愈的故事。
1.A.health B.business
C.education D.exercise
答案　B　[根據后文“who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market”可知,此處是指帶狗上班對生意會很有好處,故選B項。]
2.A.training B.losing
C.bringing D.buying
答案　C　[根據前文“Taking your dog to work with you”可知,此處是指帶著狗去市場之后,故選C項。]
3.A.alone B.dirty
C.lazy D.impolite
答案　A　[根據“during the day”和“prevent him from being”可知,此處是指防止它在白天孤單,故選A項。]
4.A.quietly B.freely
C.curiously D.comfortably
答案　D　[根據“She put a blanket in front of her stand”可知,此處是指納爾遜可以舒服地坐在那里,故選D項。]
5.A.terrify B.attract
C.rescue D.annoy
答案　B　[根據后文“I never thought passers by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知,此處是指納爾遜的出現會吸引路過的顧客,故選B項。]
6.A.hearts B.customers
C.seats D.dreams
答案　A　[根據后文“I never thought passers by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知,此處是指納爾遜知道如何偷走他們的心,故選A項。]
7.A.anxious B.disappointed
C.hopeless D.surprised
答案　D　[根據后文“I never thought passers by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知,此處是指斯泰耶特感到驚訝,故選D項。]
8.A.skill B.encouragement
C.attention D.knowledge
答案　C　[根據“varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知,此處是指路過的陌生人對納爾遜的關注度各不相同,故選C項。]
9.A.befriended B.chosen
C.forgotten D.raised
答案　A　[根據前文“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知,此處是指許多人對狗狗納爾遜表達愛的方式是和它成為朋友,故選A項。]
10.A.income B.power
C.trust D.fame
答案　D　[根據后文“It happens often that people 　　　　me through Nelson”可知,此處是指斯泰耶特在她的社區里獲得了更多的名氣,故選D項。]
11.A.guide B.recognize
C.contact D.praise
答案　B　[根據“through Nelson”可知,此處是指人們通過狗狗納爾遜認出主人斯泰耶特,故選B項。]
12.A.healed B.followed
C.partnered D.admired
答案　A　[根據后文“She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away...to her workplace.”可知,此處是指納爾遜治愈了一些人,故選A項。]
13.A.interesting B.difficult
C.heartwarming D.discouraging
答案　C　[根據“to see and pet Nelson”可知,此處是指看到并摸摸納爾遜是一件很暖心的事,故選C項。]
14.A.change B.continue
C.reconsider D.record
答案　B　[根據“That encouraged Steyaert”可知,此處是指斯泰耶特被鼓舞到,決定繼續她的有影響力的行為,故選B項。]
15.A.cuts down B.subscribes to
C.tracks down D.contributes to
答案　D　[根據前文可知,納爾遜的出現吸引了很多顧客,有助于斯泰耶特的銷售。cut down減少;subscribe to贊成,訂閱;track down追蹤,查找;contribute to有助于,促成,故選D項。]
Ⅲ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
Imagine a stranger moved into your house.You would have to adapt to many changes,like sleeping in the same room,cooking in the same kitchen,and 1.　　　　　　(use) the same bathroom.What if that stranger argued with you,or took some of your things 2.　　　　　　　 asking That would be quite a(n) 3.　　　　　　　(pleasant) experience,wouldn’t it Now,pause for a moment and consider that you will be a stranger to your future roommate.It’s always a good idea 4.　　　　　　(see) things from someone else’s angle,especially if you have to coexist 5.　　　　　　 (peaceful) with that person for the entire school year.
Your relationship with your roommate should be similar to a business partnership.In other words,don’t do anything 6.　　　　　　　 you wouldn’t like your roommate to do.Share your duties and respect each other’s 7.　　　　　　　(private).Living with a roommate in college can really brighten 8.　　　　　　 darken your study years.Seeing things from another’s side is your survival guide to the world of strangers who can become your 9.　　　　　　　　(good) friends or worst enemies.It’s important to remember that there 10.　　　　　　(be) no naturally unfriendly people,but a lack of empathy (感同身受) can often lead to conflict.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些和室友相處的建議。
1.using　[考查非謂語動詞。空處作介詞like的賓語,應用動詞 ing形式,故填using。]
2.without　[考查介詞。空后跟動詞 ing形式作賓語,表示“未經許可”,應用介詞,故填without。]
3.unpleasant　[考查詞形轉換。空處作定語修飾名詞experience,且根據句意可知,此處表示“不愉快的”,故填unpleasant。]
4.to see　[考查非謂語動詞。此處為句型It be a good idea to do sth意為“做某事是個好主意”,故填to see。]
5.peacefully　[考查詞性轉換。空處修飾動詞coexist,應用副詞作狀語,故填peacefully。]
6.that　[考查定語從句。空處引導定語從句修飾先行詞anything,指物,在從句中作賓語,且先行詞為不定代詞,故填that。]
7.privacy　[考查詞性轉換。空處作respect的賓語,應用名詞privacy,不可數,故填privacy。]
8.or　[考查連詞。結合句意可知,此處brighten與darken為并列關系且含義相反,故填or。]
9.best　[考查形容詞最高級。結合句意可知,空處與worst相反,意為“最好的”,應用最高級,故填best。]
10.are　[考查時態和主謂一致。此處描述客觀道理,應用一般現在時;主語people為復數意義,所以be動詞應用復數,故填are。](共87張PPT)
Part 2　Language Points
內
容
索
引
必備知識自測
核心考點突破
課時測評作業
必 備 知 識 自 測
[核心單詞·練通]
1.　　　　　　 /d m/ n.寢室,學生宿舍
2.　　　　　　 /fl / n.流動 vi.流,流動
3.　　　　　　 / mIlj n/ n.百萬
4.　　　　　　 /meIt/ n.朋友,伙伴
5.　　　　　　 /t eIs/ vi.& vt.努力贏得 n.追逐,追趕
6.　　　　　　 / desp r t/ adj.拼命的;絕望的
dorm
flow
million
mate
chase
desperate
7.　　　　　　 /dI leI/ vi.& vt.推遲,延期
8.　　　　　　 /bend/ vi.& vt.彎腰;俯身
9.　　　　　　 / d m neIt/ vi.& vt.主宰,支配,控制
10.　　　　　　 /In tens/ adj.緊張的,激烈的;劇烈的
11.　　　　　　 /skr l/ vi.上下滾動
12.　　　　　　 /Int / n.英寸
13.　　　　　　　　 /Ik str d n ri/ adj.令人驚奇的,異乎尋常的
delay
bend
dominate
intense
scroll
inch
extraordinary
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.　　　　　　　 / k nst ntli/ adv.持續不斷地→constant adj.連續不斷的
2.　　　　　 / be li/ adv.幾乎不→bare adj.裸體的;裸露的;光禿禿的
3.　　　　　　 /k m pleIn/ vi.& vt.抱怨;不滿;發牢騷→complaint n.怨言,牢騷
4.　　　　　　　　 / p Intm nt/ n.約定;約會→appoint vt.任命;委派;約定
constantly
barely
complain
appointment
5.　　　　　　 /ri l ti/ n.現實;真實→real adj.真的;真實的→really adv.真正地
6.　　　　　　 /dI prest/ adj.沮喪的,憂愁的→depress vt.使抑郁,使沮喪→depressing adj.令人沮喪的→depression n.沮喪,消沉
7.　　　　　　 /ru d/ adj.無禮的→rudely adv.粗魯地,無禮地→rudeness n.無禮
8.　　　　　　 / lk h lIk/ n.酗酒者,嗜酒成癮者 adj.(含)酒精的→alcohol n.酒;酒精
reality
depressed
rude
alcoholic
9.　　　　　　 / stImj leI n/ n.刺激→stimulate vt.刺激;激發,促進
10.　　　　　　 /dI str ktId/ adj.心神不定的,精神無法集中的→distract vt.轉移;分散;分心
stimulation
distracted
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.socialise / s laIz/ vi.　 　　　　　　　
2.laptop / l pt p/ n. 　　　　　　　　　　　
3.app / p/ n. 　　　　　
4.associate / s ieIt/ vt. 　　　　　　　
5.reserved /rI z vd/ adj. 　　　　　　　
6.wired /waI d/ adj. 　　　　　　　　　
7.deadline / dedlaIn/ n. 　　　　　　　　　
8.obsess / b ses/ vt. 　　　　　
交友;交際;交往
筆記本電腦,便攜式電腦
應用程序
與某人交往
含蓄的;內斂的
聯網的;極其興奮的
截止日期,最后期限
使迷戀
[重點短語·再現]
1.　　　　　　　　 以做某事結束
2.　　　　　　　　 與某人交往
3.socialise with 　　　　　　　　　　　
4.on the surface 　　　　　　　
5.chase after 　　　　　　　
6.obsess over 　　　　　　　　
7.chatter away 　　　　　　　
8.social networking 　　　　　　　
end up doing sth
associate with
與某人交往,交流
從表面上看
追逐;追求
對……過分擔心
喋喋不休
社交網絡
[典型句式·默背]
根據課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　否定詞與比較級連用表達最高級
[教材原句]　But he’s also 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
但是他也從來沒有感到這么孤獨過。
never felt more alone
2.[句型公式]　the first to do sth
[教材原句]　If you’re one of my 500 friends online,you’ll always be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
如果你是我的500個網友之一,你總會第一個知道。
the first to know
3.[句型公式]　as soon as引導時間狀語從句
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
I check through all my social networking apps,read my emails and answer text messages.
早上一睜開眼,我就會立刻去查看所有社交網絡應用程序,閱讀電子郵件并回復短信。
As soon as I open my eyes in the morning
4.[句型公式]　before引導時間狀語從句
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　　　　　, it’s 9.30 pm and I still haven’t moved an inch from the sofa.
等我意識到的時候已經是晚上9:30了,我還在沙發上坐著一動不動。
Before I know it
核 心 考 點 突 破
核心單詞練透
高考熱點微練
短語句式通關
1.desperate adj.拼命的;絕望的;非常需要;渴望;極嚴重的;很危急的
教材原文　...I’m desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.
我就迫不及待地想回到網絡世界和它所提供的緊張活動中去。
感知　語言先輸入
①The only thing she was desperate to do was throw herself onto her little bed and weep wildly!(情緒描寫)
②The survivors from the earthquake are desperate for food and water.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be desperate to do sth　 急切地想要做某事
be desperate for sth 渴望得到某物
in desperate need of 極其需要……
(2)desperately adv. 拼命地;絕望地
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①My nephew chases after the stimulation from video games
　　　　　　(desperate) so that he forgets about meals and sleep.
②I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(申請信)
我渴望有機會成為一名志愿者。我的確希望您能給我這個寶貴的機會。
③She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to provide for a large family.
她極想工作來供養一個大家庭。
desperately
am desperate for the chance to be a volunteer
was desperate to work
2.delay vi.& vt.推遲,延期 n.耽擱;延誤
教材原文　Since I spend so much time socialising online,I keep delaying things that are important in my real life...
因為我在社交網絡上花了太多時間,所以我總是拖延現實生活中重要的事情……
感知　語言先輸入
①I’m sorry to have delayed answering your letter.
②He suggested that the problem be solved without delay.
記牢　知識再梳理
delay doing sth　　 延遲做某事
without delay 毫不拖延地;立即
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①I don’t like his habit of delaying 　　　　　　　　 (perform) tasks until the deadline.
②A thick cloud of smoke greeted him,so he
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(動作描寫)
一股濃煙向他撲來,他毫不遲疑地沖出了屋子。
performing
rushed out of the house without (any) delay
3.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;不滿;發牢騷
教材原文　On a family holiday last summer,my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone.
在去年夏天家庭度假的時候,我的姐姐把她所有的時間都花在抱怨她需要給手機充電這件事情上了。
感知　語言先輸入
①I’m going to complain to the manager about this.
②He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)complain to sb of/about sth 向某人抱怨某事
complain (to sb) that... (向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint n. 怨言;牢騷
make a complaint (to sb) about sth (向某人)抱怨/投訴/控告某事
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①I am now writing to make a 　　　　　　　　(complain) about the service of your hotel.(投訴信)
②In time of difficulty,what we need is not
but understanding of each other.(主旨升華)
困難的時候,我們需要的不是抱怨困難而是互相的理解。
③The couple 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
of visiting Europe.
這對夫婦抱怨到歐洲旅游費用太高。
complaint
complaint about it
complained about/of the high cost
4.appointment n.約定;約會
教材原文　I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments,invitations and news updates you would miss!
我甚至無法想象一周沒有社交網絡的情形——想想所有你可能錯過的重要約會、邀請和新聞更新吧!
感知　語言先輸入
①Now that you’ve made an appointment with your friend,you should keep an appointment.
②I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)make an appointment with sb 與某人做約定
keep/break an appointment 守/違約
(2)appoint vt.　　　　　　　 任命;委派;約定
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人為……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①We made an 　　　　　　(appoint) that we will go there together again.
②I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 arranging all the activities on that day.
我被委派負責安排那天所有的活動。
appointment
was appointed to take charge of
③Learning he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house.
(情緒描寫)
得知他被任命為隊長后,他激動得雀躍著進了家門。
was appointed as head of the team
片段鞏固(對差勁服務的投訴)
用desperate;delay;complain;appointment完成心理、動作描寫的片段
　　我寫此信是要投訴我上周三在你們旅館住宿時你們的差勁服務。我們一到,你們的接待員就粗魯地告訴我們所有的房間都被預訂了。在被告知我們不僅和你們的經理預約了,而且提前預訂了房間后,她不情愿地讓我們進去,耽誤了很多時間。無論何時何地,我們從未經歷過如此糟糕的服務,這讓我們感到沮喪。我們極其需要一個合理的解釋。
I am writing 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(不定式短語作目的狀語) when I stayed at your hotel last Wednesday.As soon as we arrived,your receptionist told us all the rooms had been reserved in a rude manner.Having been told that we 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (not only...but also...),she unwillingly showed us in 3.　　　　　　　　(介詞短語作狀語).Never have we experienced such poor service,whenever and wherever we are,which made us depressed.We 4._____________________________
(介詞短語) a reasonable explanation.
to complain about/of your poor service
had not only made an appointment with your manager but
also booked a room ahead of time
with much delay
are in desperate need of
1.associate with與某人交往
教材原文　I have a never-ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online.
我總是不停地收到交往的網友發來的信息和最新消息。
感知　語言先輸入
①I always associate the smell of baking food with my childhood.
②Bamboo plants are associated with health,abundance and a happy home.(活動介紹)
③These ancient tools are often found in association with broken animal bones.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)associate...with... 由……聯想起……;將……與……聯系起來
be associated with 　 與……有關聯
(2)association n. 協會,聯盟;聯系
in association with... 與……合作;與……有關聯
運用　完成語段
The Spoken English Club situated on the ground floor in our library has been set up 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
who 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
So join our club right now,where not only can you improve your spoken English but you can also learn 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
(邀請信)
in association with our foreign teachers
associate our fluent English with more active practice
how to associate with others
在與我們的外教合作下,位于我們圖書館一樓的英語口語俱樂部已經成立了,外教把我們流利的英語和更積極的練習聯系在一起。因此,現在加入我們俱樂部吧,在這里你不僅可以提高英語口語,而且可以學會如何與其他人交往。
2.句型公式:“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級含義
教材原文　But he’s also never felt more alone.
但是他也從來沒有感到這么孤獨過。
感知　語言先輸入
①Nothing could be better.
②I couldn’t feel better about the interview! The questions were very fair,and I answered all of them fluently.
記牢　知識再梳理
在“否定詞+比較級”結構中,常用的否定詞有no、not、never、hardly、nothing、nobody等。該句型屬于否定形式表達肯定含義。
運用　完成句子
①To begin with,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together to practice oral English.(建議信,2023·新課標Ⅰ卷)
首先,如果英語水平不同的學生可以聚在一起練習口語,那就再好不過了。
it couldn’t be better
②“I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
than this one!” the mother responded excitedly.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
“我從來沒吃過比這更美味的早餐!”媽媽激動地回答道。
have never had a more delicious breakfast
3.句型公式:the+序數詞+to do
教材原文　If you’re one of my 500 friends online,you’ll always be the first to know.
如果你是我的500個網友之一,你總會第一個知道。
感知　語言先輸入
①She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the Rio Olympic Games.(人物介紹)
②I feel greatly honored to have an opportunity to deliver a speech here.(演講稿)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)當中心詞是序數詞或被序數詞、形容詞最高級等修飾時或前有next、only、last等時,常用不定式作后置定語。
(2)動詞不定式作定語用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞,常見的有:ability、chance、ambition、offer、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等。
運用　完成句子
①Anna is a diligent student and she is always
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
安娜是一個勤奮的學生,她總是第一個到達教室的學生。
②He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他是唯一一個知道真相的人。
③The ability 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
is as important as the idea itself.
表達思想的能力和思想本身一樣重要。
the first student to arrive at the classroom
the only person to know the truth
to express an idea
片段鞏固(建議競選學生會主席)
用associate with;否定詞+比較級;不定式作后置定語完成片段
　　你很優秀,也很有幽默感。此外,你的英語口語很好,你知道如何與他人交往,這使你更容易處理狀況。我相信你能勝任這一職務,且有能力做好這項高要求的工作。要了解更多競選的詳細信息,你可以與負責人懷特老師預約。事實上,沒有人比你能成為更負責任、更合格的學生會主席了。
You are excellent and also have a good sense of humour.Besides, your spoken English is very good,and you know 1. (how to do),which makes it easier for you to handle the situation.I hold the belief that you are qualified for the position and have 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(不定式作后置定語). For more detailed information about the election,you can make an appointment with Mr White,the teacher in charge.As a matter of fact,3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(否定詞+比較級).
how to associate
with others
the ability to do the demanding work well
nobody can be a more responsible and qualified
president of the Student Council than you
Ⅰ.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
1.People are prepared to commute long distances if they are desperate for work.　　　　　
2.She inched her way through the narrow passage,trying not to touch the walls with thick dirt.　　　　　　
3.However weak the nation may be,it will never bend to a greater power.　　　　　
adj.渴望
vt.緩慢移動
vi.屈服于
Ⅱ.選出chase 的漢語意思
A.vt.追逐　B.vt.爭取得到　C.vt.催促
1.I need to chase him about organizing the meeting.　　
2.The kids chased each other around the kitchen table.　　
3.The team is chasing its first win in five games.　　
C
A
B
課 時 測 評 作 業
基礎語境練
素能提升練
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.The baby is seriously ill.Please send her to hospital without
　　　　　　　 (延遲).
2.Unlike most trees,this one 　　　　　　　　 (彎腰) in the middle, struggling all the way up to get more sunshine.
3.He is recognized as an 　　　　　　　 (非凡的) artist.
4.He 　　　　　　(追逐) after the burglar but couldn’t catch him.
delay
bends
extraordinary
chased
5.As you know,the river 　　　　　　　　 (流) into the East Sea in the east of the city.
6.The 　　　　　　　 /d m/ will remain open until 5 pm.
7.Jamaica is home to over two 　　　　　　 / mIlj n/ people.
8.Steve and I became soul m　　　　,near-constant companions.
9.There are hundreds of people d　　　　　　　 to adopt a child.
10.In the past,women entering the field d　　　　　 　 by the male cannot be condoned.
flows
dorm
million
ates
esperate
ominated
Ⅱ.詞形轉換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.　　　　　　　　 (depress) about her future,she has barely slept these days.
2.　　　　　　 (alcohol) beverages are served in the hotel lounge.
3.He is 　　　　　　　　　(constant) telling me to take extra care when driving on the icy road.
4.Mr Smith can’t put up with his wife’s constant ________________
(complain) and he went out for a walk.
Depressed
Alcoholic
constantly
complaint
5.You have a big dream and you should work hard to make it a
　　　　　　　　(real).
6.Don’t break an 　　　　　　　　　 (appoint) with your dentist any more just because you are afraid.
7.My nephew is much too outgoing and he gets _________________
(distract) easily.
8.I could 　　　　　　　　 (bare) hear above the roar of traffic.
reality
appointment
distracted
barely
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共7.5分)
end up,associate with,on the surface,obsess over,chatter away
1.Her mother always 　　　　　　　　her associating with bad girls through social networking.
2.If you kept 　　　　　　　　　 online so much,your relationship with your parents would become worse.
3.In the great effort not to offend,we 　　　　　　　 saying nothing.
4.She didn’t want to 　　　　　　　　　 the likes of me.
5.It seems like a good idea 　　　　　　　　　 but there are sure to be problems.
obsesses over
chattering away
ended up
associate with
on the surface
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(每小題2分,共8分)
1.I have 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 than this one so far.
(否定詞與比較級連用表達最高級)
到目前為止我沒看過比這部更好的電影。
2.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, but there’ll be harder ones to come.(the first to do sth)
我是第一個向他提出這些問題的人,不過還會有人問更難回答的問題。
never seen a better film
was the first to ask him these questions
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, my parents gave me a thumbs-up.(as soon as引導時間狀語從句)
當我把盤子放在桌子上時,我的父母就表揚了我。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, we should carry out more research.(before引導時間狀語從句)
在下結論之前,我們應該進行更多的研究。
As soon as I put the dishes on the table
Before we draw a conclusion
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共20分)
A
Adults living by themselves may have a higher risk of dying from cancer compared with those who live with others,a new study suggests.
The research,published Thursday in the journal Cancer,found that among 114,772 working-age adults who lived alone,2.5% of them died of cancer during the study period.Meanwhile,among 358,876 adults who lived with others,1.6%,a much smaller share,died of cancer in the study.Adults aged 18 to 64 were enrolled in the study and researchers found the strongest association was in those aged 45 to 64.
The researchers from the American Cancer Society analyzed data on more than 470,000 adults from the National Health Interview Survey,taking a close look at how many of the adults lived alone versus with others and how many died of cancer.
“Our findings may suggest that stronger social support existing in communities from racial minority groups and people of lower socioeconomic status might have alleviated (緩解) the association between living alone and cancer death in this group,but we need more research on reasons for these differences,” Islami said.
Compared with adults living with others,adults living alone were more likely to have poor self-reported health status,activity limitation, serious psychological distress,severe obesity,smoke cigarettes,or consume alcohol,according to the study.
“More research is needed to identify the exact underlying mechanisms to explain the association between living alone and cancer death”,Kathrin Milbury,associate professor of behavioral science at the University of Texas,who was not involved in the new study,said in an email.
“The biological mechanisms of social isolation are not fully understood;however,humans are social beings,and being isolated creates a state of biological stress that is harmful to our health,” Milbury said.“The other mechanism I believe is related to being in a relationship with others,beyond benefiting just from their presence,but also receiving their care and support.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究表明,相比于與他人同住的人,獨居的成年人死于癌癥的風險更高。
1.How does the author justify the finding in paragraph 2
A.By analyzing reasons.
B.By listing statistics.
C.By giving examples.
D.By making comments.
解析　寫作手法題。第二段是通過列舉具體研究數據來證明“獨居的成年人死于癌癥的風險更高”這一結論的,故選B項。
√
2.Which of the following will Islami probably agree with
A.Stronger social support will not cause cancer death.
B.People in their 50s are more likely to survive cancer.
C.Influences of social support need to be further explored.
D.People from minority groups have stronger social support.
解析　推理判斷題。根據第四段中Islami所說的話可知,Islami認為需要進行更多的研究來解釋這些差異的原因。由此可知,Islami會贊同引起這種差異的社會支持的影響需要進一步探索的想法,故選C項。
√
3.Which problem is not mentioned about living alone
A.Abusing alcohol.
B.Walking inconvenience.
C.Gaining weight.
D.Communicative disability.
解析　細節理解題。根據第五段“Compared with adults living with...alcohol,according to the study.”可知,獨居的問題包括酗酒、活動不便和肥胖,D項“交際障礙”文章未提及,故選D項。
√
4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A.Scientists have revealed the underlying mechanisms.
B.Receiving others’ support helps relieve social isolation.
C.Lonely people can receive more social care and support.
D.More scientists have been attracted to the great research.
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Milbury所說的話和“The other mechanism I believe...receiving their care and support.”可推知,得到他人的支持有助于緩解社會孤立,故選B項。
√
B
The message is drummed into us from childhood:forgive people who’ve wronged you,because it’s the right thing to do.Forgiveness is a virtue,we’re told,the only way for us to truly move on and heal.But forgiving someone is not always what’s best for us.In fact,if someone has hurt you deeply and the relationship isn’t healthy,trying to “fix” things can do more harm than good.
Most of us would probably agree that forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings like anger towards them.Actually it pressures us to minimize our feelings and revise our boundaries—to say “it’s OK” when for us,it isn’t.And when someone doesn’t make us feel seen or safe,forgiving them can actually weaken our self-respect.A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology called this “the doormat effect”.It found that people who forgave partners that didn’t make them feel valued had less respect for themselves,along with a weakened sense of self.
If you keep on forgiving someone who’s done wrong,it can encourage that person to keep hurting you.That’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James K.McNulty argues.He looked at how 72 newlywed couples expressed forgiveness towards acts of aggression (攻擊性),and whether this caused any changes in the wrongdoer’s behaviour.He found that when a partner was more likely to forgive those acts,the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them.This is because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways,and being offered a clean sheet can allow them to avoid making changes.Forgiving frequent and major offenses (冒犯),like verbal or physical abuse,can do more harm than good.
What if,instead of looking to forgiveness like a magic medicine,we put our energies towards accepting a situation for what it is This way,we can focus on recognizing what happened and coming to terms with it,however that looks for us and without any sense of obligation towards our offender.It’ll still be a process,sure,but it’s one centred around you and your needs.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了作者對原諒的必要性的看法。
5.What will happen if we forgive a wrongdoer according to “the doormat effect”
A.We’ll be free from negative thoughts.
B.The relationship will be strengthened.
C.The wrongdoer will change his behavior.
D.We’ll have less self-respect and self-awareness.
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段“It found that people who...a weakened sense of self.”可知,如果我們原諒一個錯事者,我們的自尊和自我意識也會減少,故選D項。
√
6.How does the writer mainly illustrate his argument
A.By making comparisons. B.By listing examples.
C.By citing research results. D.By giving definitions.
解析　寫作手法題。根據第二段中“A 2010 research paper published...called this ‘the doormat effect’.”以及第三段中“That’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James K.McNulty argues.”可知,作者主要是通過引用研究成果闡述他的論點的,故選C項。
√
7.What can be concluded from James K.McNulty’s research
A.Forgiving a wrongdoer’s behavior stops him from hurting others.
B.Facing the consequences of aggression does more harm than good.
C.Ignoring major offenses encourages a wrongdoer’s acts of aggression.
D.Forgiving frequent aggression prevents a wrongdoer from making changes.
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段可知,從James K.McNulty的研究中得出的結論是,原諒頻繁的攻擊行為會阻止一個做錯事的人做出改變,他們更可能繼續犯下這些行為。故選D項。
√
8.What does the writer suggest readers do
A.Forgive and forget.
B.Learn to take the situation as it is.
C.Center on yourself.
D.Keep on good terms with offenders.
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段“What if,instead of looking... coming to terms with it”可知,作者建議讀者學會認清現狀,故選B項。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
Dogs are our friends.Taking your dog to work with you can be great for 　1　.That was what Steyaert,who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market learned after 　2　 her dog Nelson there.At first, she did so just to prevent him from being 　3　 during the day.She put a blanket in front of her stand so that Nelson could sit there 　4　 and take in everything around him.
Soon Steyaert realized that Nelson’s presence would 　5　 shoppers walking by.　“He lifts his paw to greet people,” Steyaert said.“He knows how to steal their 　6　.And people’s behaviour made me 　7　.I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”
The 　8　 Nelson gets from strangers passing by varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love.Many people have 　9　 him over the years.Steyaert,in turn,has gained more 　10　 within her community.“It happens often that people 　11　 me through Nelson,” Steyaert said.
Besides interesting many shoppers,Nelson has also 　12　 some people.For example,one day a girl asked Steyaert if she could pet Nelson.She told Steyaert her dog had just passed away and that it was 　13　 to see and pet Nelson.That encouraged Steyaert to 　14　 her influential act of taking Nelson to her workplace.
While Nelson’s presence in the market 　15　 Steyaert’s sales,it’s their relationship that benefits much more from it.“He’s my best friend and always at my side,” Steyaert said.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在露天市場賣女裝的斯泰耶特帶著她的狗狗納爾遜去上班,納爾遜的存在不僅為斯泰耶特帶來了更多生意,也讓很多人得到了治愈的故事。
1.A.health B.business C.education D.exercise
解析　根據后文“who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market”可知,此處是指帶狗上班對生意會很有好處,故選B項。
2.A.training B.losing C.bringing D.buying
解析　根據前文“Taking your dog to work with you”可知,此處是指帶著狗去市場之后,故選C項。
√
√
3.A.alone B.dirty C.lazy D.impolite
解析　根據“during the day”和“prevent him from being”可知,此處是指防止它在白天孤單,故選A項。
4.A.quietly B.freely C.curiously D.comfortably
解析　根據“She put a blanket in front of her stand”可知,此處是指納爾遜可以舒服地坐在那里,故選D項。
√
√
5.A.terrify B.attract C.rescue D.annoy
解析　根據后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知,此處是指納爾遜的出現會吸引路過的顧客,故選B項。
6.A.hearts B.customers C.seats D.dreams
解析　根據后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知,此處是指納爾遜知道如何偷走他們的心,故選A項。
√
√
7.A.anxious B.disappointed C.hopeless D.surprised
解析　根據后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知,此處是指斯泰耶特感到驚訝,故選D項。
8.A.skill B.encouragement C.attention D.knowledge
解析　根據“varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知,此處是指路過的陌生人對納爾遜的關注度各不相同,故選C項。
√
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9.A.befriended B.chosen C.forgotten D.raised
解析　根據前文“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知,此處是指許多人對狗狗納爾遜表達愛的方式是和它成為朋友,故選A項。
10.A.income B.power C.trust D.fame
解析　根據后文“It happens often that people 　　　　me through Nelson”可知,此處是指斯泰耶特在她的社區里獲得了更多的名氣,故選D項。
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11.A.guide B.recognize C.contact D.praise
解析　根據“through Nelson”可知,此處是指人們通過狗狗納爾遜認出主人斯泰耶特,故選B項。
12.A.healed B.followed C.partnered D.admired
解析　根據后文“She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away...to her workplace.”可知,此處是指納爾遜治愈了一些人,故選A項。
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13.A.interesting B.difficult
C.heartwarming D.discouraging
解析　根據“to see and pet Nelson”可知,此處是指看到并摸摸納爾遜是一件很暖心的事,故選C項。
14.A.change B.continue C.reconsider D.record
解析　根據“That encouraged Steyaert”可知,此處是指斯泰耶特被鼓舞到,決定繼續她的有影響力的行為,故選B項。
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15.A.cuts down B.subscribes to
C.tracks down D.contributes to
解析　根據前文可知,納爾遜的出現吸引了很多顧客,有助于斯泰耶特的銷售。cut down減少;subscribe to贊成,訂閱;track down追蹤,查找;contribute to有助于,促成,故選D項。
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Ⅲ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
Imagine a stranger moved into your house.You would have to adapt to many changes,like sleeping in the same room,cooking in the same kitchen,and 1.　　　　　　(use) the same bathroom.What if that stranger argued with you,or took some of your things 2.________ asking That would be quite a(n) 3.　　　　　　(pleasant) experience, wouldn’t it Now,pause for a moment and consider that you will be a stranger to your future roommate.It’s always a good idea 4.________ (see) things from someone else’s angle,especially if you have to coexist 5.　　　　　　 (peaceful) with that person for the entire school year.
Your relationship with your roommate should be similar to a business partnership.In other words,don’t do anything 6.________ you wouldn’t like your roommate to do.Share your duties and respect each other’s 7.　　　　　　(private).Living with a roommate in college can really brighten 8.　　　　　 darken your study years.Seeing things from another’s side is your survival guide to the world of strangers who can become your 9.　　　　　　　　(good) friends or worst enemies.It’s important to remember that there 10.　　　　　　(be) no naturally unfriendly people,but a lack of empathy (感同身受) can often lead to conflict.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些和室友相處的建議。
1.using　[考查非謂語動詞。空處作介詞like的賓語,應用動詞-ing形式,故填using。]
2.without　[考查介詞。空后跟動詞-ing形式作賓語,表示“未經許可”,應用介詞,故填without。]
3.unpleasant　[考查詞形轉換。空處作定語修飾名詞experience,且根據句意可知,此處表示“不愉快的”,故填unpleasant。]
4.to see　[考查非謂語動詞。此處為句型It be a good idea to do sth意為“做某事是個好主意”,故填to see。]
5.peacefully　[考查詞性轉換。空處修飾動詞coexist,應用副詞作狀語,故填peacefully。]
6.that　[考查定語從句。空處引導定語從句修飾先行詞anything,指物,在從句中作賓語,且先行詞為不定代詞,故填that。]
7.privacy　[考查詞性轉換。空處作respect的賓語,應用名詞privacy,不可數,故填privacy。]
8.or　[考查連詞。結合句意可知,此處brighten與darken為并列關系且含義相反,故填or。]
9.best　[考查形容詞最高級。結合句意可知,空處與worst相反,意為“最好的”,應用最高級,故填best。]
10.are　[考查時態和主謂一致。此處描述客觀道理,應用一般現在時;主語people為復數意義,所以be動詞應用復數,故填are。]

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