資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking—Language points
[核心單詞·練通]
1.crucial / kru l/ adj.至關重要的;關鍵性的
2.vital / vaItl/ adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機的
3.objective / b d ekt v/ n.目標;目的 adj.客觀的
4.property / pr p ti/ n.性質;特征;財產
5.boil /b Il/ vt.& vi.(使)沸騰;煮開;燒開 n.沸騰;沸點
6.liquid/ lIkwId/ n.液體 adj.液體的;液態的
7.obtain / b teIn/ vt.(尤指經努力)獲得;贏得 vi.(規章、習俗等)存在;流行
8.defeat /dI fi t/ n.失敗;挫敗 vt.擊敗;戰勝
9.insist / n s st/ vi.& vt.堅持;堅決要求
10.mostly / m stli/ adv.主要地;一般地
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.commit /k m t/ vt.承諾;保證 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活動等)→committed
/k m t d/ adj.盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的→commitment n.投入;奉獻;承諾
2.academy / k d mi/ n.(藝術、文學、科學等的)研究院;學會;專科院校→academic
/ k dem k/ adj.學業的;學術的
3.botanical /b t n kl/ adj.植物學的→botany n.植物學
4.evaluate /I v ljueIt/ vt.評價;評估→
evaluation n.評價;評估
5.distinct /d st kt/ adj.清晰的;清楚的;有區別的→distinction n.區別;差別
6.acknowledge / k n l d / vt.承認(屬實、權威等);(公開)感謝→acknowledged adj.公認的→acknowledgement n.承認;感謝
7.analyse / n laIz/ (NAmE -ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n.分析
8.apparently / p r ntli/ adv.顯而易見;看來;顯然→apparent adj.明顯的;顯而易見的
9.scientific / saI n tIfIk/ adj.科學(上)的;關于科學的→science n.科學→scientist n.科學家
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.physiology / fIzi l d i/ n.生理學;生理機能
2.extract / ekstr kt/ n.提取物;摘錄
/ k str kt/ vt.提取;提煉;摘錄;(用力)拔出
3.wormwood / w mw d/ n.蒿;洋艾
4.substance / s bst ns/ n.物質;物品;事實根據
[重點短語·再現]
1.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承諾; 保證(做某事、 遵守協議或安排等)
2.insist on 堅決要求
3.graduate from... 畢業于……
4.in the beginning 在開始的時候
5.get/be stuck 被卡住了
6.draw out 提取
7.lead to導致
8.a collection of 一批;一堆
9.with the objective of 有……的目的
10.the head of ……的負責人
11.show promise 有希望,有指望,有前途
12.by chance 碰巧;意外地
[典型句式·默背]
根據課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　whose引導非限制性定語從句
[教材原句]　This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
今年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎者),她的研究促成了青蒿素的發現,一種治療瘧疾的關鍵新藥物。
2.[句型公式]　主語+be thought+不定式
[教材原句]　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾至關重要的成分,被認為僅在非洲每年就能拯救10萬人的生命。
3.[句型公式]　過去分詞短語作定語
[教材原句]　In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967年,中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學家隊伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。
4.[句型公式]　upon/on doing... 一……就……
[教材原句]　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”
當聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時,她說:“榮譽不只屬于我。”
5.[句型公式]　It is an honour for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事是一種榮幸
[教材原句]　It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中國的科學研究和中醫藥能夠在全世界傳播確實是一種榮譽。
核心單詞練透
1.vital adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機的
教材原文　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾至關重要的成分,被認為僅在非洲每年就能挽救10萬人的生命。
感知　語言先輸入
①If we are to make a difference in environmental protection,it’s vital that we should begin with small things.(主旨升華)
②Without the oceans,no living things would survive,humans included.So oceans are vital for/to us.(2022·全國甲卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be vital to/for ...　　　 對……至關重要
It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要
It is vital that ...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的
(2)be of vital importance 至關重要的
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①It is of vital importance that we (should) learn something from failure.
②As far as I’m concerned,it is vital to keep (keep) accurate records.
③I am busy preparing for my final exam,which is vital for/to me, so I cannot keep the appointment.
我正忙于準備期末考試,這對我來說很重要,所以我不能赴約了。
④It is vital that we develop an awareness of how the online learning resources can be properly used.(2021·全國乙卷)
重要的是我們應培養如何正確利用網絡學習資源的意識。
2.committed adj.盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的
教材原文　Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦是一位堅定而有耐心的科學家,1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波,1955年畢業于北京大學醫學院(今北京大學醫學部)。
感知　語言先輸入
①I commit myself to learning English and have a good command of English,so I am elected as assistant of my English teacher.(申請信)
②In addition to her research,she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection.(北師必三U8)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be committed to (doing) sth 承諾/全身心地投入(做)某事
(2)commit vt. 承諾;保證
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活動等)
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承諾/保證(做某事、遵守協議或安排等)
commit a mistake/a crime 犯錯誤/犯罪
(3)commitment n. 承諾,保證;投入,忠于
make a commitment 作出承諾
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子/句式升級
①If you are serious about our relationship,you should make a commitment (commit).
②Though journalists are committed to presenting(present) the truth,it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.(譯林選二U1)
③I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people,my face red with embarrassment.(心理描寫)
我在如此多的人面前犯了一個愚蠢的錯誤,滿臉窘得通紅。
④As she was committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.
→Committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫)
3.acknowledge vt.承認(屬實、權威等);(公開)感謝
教材原文　However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.　然而,屠呦呦不肯承認失敗。
感知　語言先輸入
①It is widely/universally acknowledged that the film is instructive and full of emotion.
②What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!(外研選三U1)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)acknowledge doing/having done sth 承認做了某事
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 承認某人/某事……
It is acknowledged that... ……是大家公認的
(2)acknowledgement n. 承認;感謝
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①The country has acknowledged taking/having taken (take) every means to fight against any possible attack.
②English is acknowledged as the language of business,science,IT and the Internet around the world.
③It is universally/widely acknowledged that shared bicycles have become a popular choice in cities,providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective way to travel short distances.(2024·全國甲卷)
共享單車已成為城市的熱門選擇,為短途旅行提供了一種環保且經濟高效的方式,這是大家公認的。
4.defeat n.失敗;挫敗 vt.擊敗;戰勝
教材原文　However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦不肯承認失敗。
感知　語言先輸入
①Barriers to success can’t defeat us.Instead,they can only make us stronger.(主旨升華)
②Learning that you have defeated/beaten all the other competitors in the contest,I am writing to congratulate you.(祝賀信)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)defeat sb 　　　　　　 擊敗某人
(2)suffer a serious defeat 遭受嚴重的挫敗
辨析:①defeat和beat后都接sb作賓語。defeat既可指比賽中擊敗對手,也可指戰爭中擊敗敵軍或入侵者。beat側重于比賽中擊敗對手。
②win后接比賽、辯論、戰斗、獎品等名詞,表示“榮獲,贏得”。
運用　選詞填空(defeat、beat、win)/補全句子
①Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess.He won only one set,while I won two sets.
②He does not have any realistic chance of winning the election.
③Their first attempt to make popcorn failed,but they didn’t acknowledge/admit defeat.The brave boys wouldn’t be defeated/beaten by the temporary failure.
他們做爆米花的第一次嘗試失敗了,但是他們不承認失敗。這些勇敢的男孩子們不會被暫時的失敗打敗。
5.insist vi.& vt.堅持;堅決要求
教材原文　Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.　屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持以身試藥,以確保藥物的安全性。
感知　語言先輸入
①You should respect the views of others,and at the same time insist on what you think is right.(建議信)
②The Student Union insists that every participant (should) arrive at the hall on time.(通知)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)insist (堅持說/認為) that...,從句用陳述語氣。
(2)insist (堅決要求/主張) that sb (should) do...從句用虛擬語氣。
(3)insist on doing sth 堅持做某事
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①His friends insisted that they had(have) no connection with the accident and that they (should) be set(set) free.
②He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off,which nearly moved me to tears.
③My mother insisted that the video should be posted online,so I had to give in to her.(2021·浙江1月卷)
我媽媽堅持要把視頻發到網上,所以我只好讓步了。
片段鞏固 用vital;commit;acknowledge;defeat;insist完成人物描寫的片段
　　錢學森被公認為中國航天之父,于2009年10月31日在北京去世。許多中國人悲痛欲絕,淚如雨下。自1958年以來,他一直滿懷激情地致力于航空航天研究工作,這對我國的發展至關重要。 他總是堅持自己的夢想,無論遇到什么困難,他都不會承認失敗。 1.Acknowledged as the father of China’s space program(過去分詞短語作狀語),Qian Xuesen passed away in Beijing on Oct.31,2009.Overcome with sorrow,many Chinese people cried their hearts out,2.tears flowing down cheeks (獨立主格結構) uncontrollably.Since 1958,he 3.had been committed to (過去完成時) aerospace science with passion,which 4.is of vital importance to (be of+名詞) the development of our country. He always 5. insisted on his dream (一般過去時) and he 6.wouldn’t acknowledge defeat (情態動詞+動詞原形) whatever difficulties he encountered.
典型句式練透
1.句型公式:主語+be thought+不定式
教材原文　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾至關重要的成分,被認為僅在非洲每年就能拯救10萬人的生命。
感知　語言先輸入
①David was thought to make a decision whether he would run or not by himself.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②It is thought that helping weak groups is to help strong groups and the whole society.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)句式“Sb/Sth is thought to do sth=It is thought that ...”,意為“據說……”。其中,不定式根據情況可用一般式、進行式或完成式。
(2)用于本句型的動詞還有say、believe、expect、report、consider、suppose等。
運用　同義句轉換/補全句子
①It’s thought that she has recovered from her illness so far.
→She is thought to have recovered from her illness so far.
②I haven’t seen Jack for many years.It’s said that he is living in China now.
→I haven’t seen Jack for many years.He is said to be living in China now.
③Our opponent is said to be great,so our team will be trained every day after school from tomorrow to win the game.
據說我們的對手很強大,所以為了贏得比賽,我們隊從明天開始每天放學后將進行訓練。
2.句型公式:upon/on doing... 一……就……
教材原文　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”　當聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時,她說:“榮譽不只屬于我。”
感知　語言先輸入
Upon learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
=The moment he learned that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)upon/on+n./doing ...“一……就……”,相當于as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。
(2)“一……就……”的其他表達形式:
①immediately/directly/instantly+從句
②the moment/minute/instant+從句
③no sooner...than.../hardly...when...
運用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①The instant our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”, we all cheered up.(活動介紹)
②Hardly had we arrived at the activity center when we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest.
③我的頭一從大南瓜里拔出來,我就松了一口氣。 (2021·浙江1月卷)
→As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief.(the instant)
→Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief.(immediately)
3.句型公式:It is an honour for sb to do sth對某人來說做某事是一種榮幸
教材原文　It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.　中國的科學研究和中醫藥能夠在全世界傳播確實是一種榮譽。
感知　語言先輸入
①I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my honour to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.
②I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)It+is/was+adj./n.+to do sth,這一句型中不定式作真正的主語。
(2)It+is/was+adj./n.+doing sth,這一句型中動詞-ing形式作真正的主語。
(3)It+is/was+adj./n.+從句;
It+動詞(seem、happen、occur、make sense等)+從句;
It+is/was+過去分詞(said、reported、known等)+從句;
這些句型中從句作真正的主語。
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①It is a great honour to deliver(deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
②It is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
③It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
④It is not hard for one to do a bit of good,but it’s a struggle to do good for a lifetime.
一個人做點好事并不難,難的是一輩子做好事。
⑤It is clear/obvious that online learning has its advantages and disadvantages.
顯然,網絡學習既有優點也有缺點。
片段鞏固 用本部分句式完成人物描寫片段
　　我們周圍有很多值得尊敬的人。我最尊重的人是我的物理老師。她被認為是我們學校最好的老師之一。得知我上個月考試不及格、情緒低落時,她給予了我極大的鼓勵。在她看來,幫助學生是她的責任。 There are many respectable people around us.And the person I respect most is my physics teacher.She 1. is thought to be one of the best teachers (be thought to do...) in our school.2.Upon hearing I was in low spirits(upon doing...) when I failed the exam last month,she gave me great encouragement.In her opinion,3.it is her responsibility to help her students(it作形式主語).
高考熱點微練
1.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
①The following extract is taken from her new novel.n.摘錄
②I must tell you that all applications will be acknowledged by emails.vt.告知收悉
③The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans.n.目標
④There is some substance in what he says.n.根據
2.選出commit的漢語意思
A.vt.承諾;保證　B.vt.犯(罪或錯等) C.vt.花(錢或時間)　D.vi.忠于;全心全意投入
①Don’t fully commit to a man who doesn’t give you everything that you need.D
②Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan.A
③Most crimes are committed by young men.B
④The government has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.C
[基礎語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.As for work, we’ll mostly(主要地) work at home, communicating ideas for work online.
2.How can you extract (提取) this information and make good use of it
3.It is necessary to hold an objective (客觀的) attitude towards ratings.
4.The following simple experiment is used to separate different liquids (液體).
5.There is no possibility that he will be defeated (擊敗) in the game.
6.Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite distinct/dI stI kt/.
7.Dogs’ owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury to other people or cause damage to their property / pr p ti/.
8.What’s more,some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.
9.The gases given off by the factory contain a poisonous substance that is harmful to people’s health.
10.We have obtained permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
Ⅱ.詞形轉換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.Here’s some boiled(boil) water.Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty.
2.As a patient and committed (commit) scientist,she is highly thought of all over the world.
3.The old scientist told his students that scientific (science) theories must be based on facts.
4.I thought he had found a new job,but apparently(apparent) he hasn’t.
5.The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their evaluation(evaluate) of the service.
6.They collect blood samples for analysis(analyse) at a national laboratory.
7.The flowers were a small acknowledgement(acknowledge) of your kindness.
8.He still longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other academic (academy) works.
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
insist on;lead to;draw out;make a discovery;test...on...;commit oneself to
1.In science,it is important to be the first person to make a discovery.
2.If you insist on practicing spoken English in your spare time,it will be improved sooner or later.
3.I don’t have any cash on me and I’d like to draw out some money from an ATM nearby.
4.After a long time of discussion,both sides committed themselves to settling the dispute peacefully.
5.The new system may be more economical but will lead to a decline in quality of the programme.
6.The study’s participants were tested on science,maths,English and mechanical abilities.
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(每小題2分,共10分)
1.Upon/On arriving at our school,they couldn’t wait to visit our tea house,where a lot of tea sets were on display.(Upon/On doing...)
一到達我們學校,他們就迫不及待地參觀了我們的茶館,那里展出了很多茶具。
2.It’s my great honour to offer you some practical travel tips,which,I hope,can solve your problems.(honour)
我很榮幸能為您提供一些實用的旅行建議,希望能解決您的問題。
3.It is universally/widely acknowledged that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.(acknowledge)
人們普遍認為人與人之間最短的距離是真誠的微笑。
4.Although the experiment failed again,he insisted on being given another chance/insisted that he (should) be given another chance.(insist)
盡管實驗又一次失敗了,但是他堅決要求再給他一次機會。
5.The video filmed by my mom was thought to be amusing,making me widely known in the town.(be thought to do...)
我媽媽拍的視頻被認為很有趣,使我在鎮上廣為人知。
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Born in Potsdam (in the Kingdom of Prussia) in 1821,Helmholtz was one of the 19th century’s most knowledgeable scientists,whose name turns up in the histories of multiple scientific fields and specialties.As a youngster,he had an interest in physics,but that seemed a financially unwise career choice.He went to medical school and studied physiology instead,because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics,not the vital forces that had been popularly emphasized previously.
After earning his medical degree,Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Konigsberg.During that time,he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy,which made him a good reputation in science community.His main argument is that all science can be reduced to mechanics.It is emphasized that Newtonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics are mathematically equivalent,so a force can be measured by the Laplace method in terms of the energy transferred by the force or the work done by the force.All of this energy is conserved.While at Konigsberg,he studied the nervous system,optics (光學) and acoustics (聲學),especially with regard to the physiology of the senses.Then he moved on to the University of Bonn as professor of anatomy (解剖學) and physiology.
After some time at the University of Heidelberg,where he became interested in philosophy,in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University of Berlin.At last he could focus on physics,emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.He also explored the branches of Maxwell’s new theory.By this time,he was recognized as one of Germany’s premier scientists,until his death in 1894.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Helmholtz作為一名多才多藝的科學家的生平事跡。
1.Why did Helmholtz choose to study physiology
A.He made the choice for economic difficulty.
B.He would like to make himself have more skills.
C.He preferred physiology to chemistry and physics.
D.He was attracted by a different viewpoint.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第一段的“He went to medical school and studied physiology instead,because he was drawn to others...”可知,Helmholtz選擇生理學專業的原因是他被不同于以前的觀點所吸引,故選D項。]
2.What made Helmholtz popular among scientists
A.His degree in medical science.
B.His talent in chemistry and physics.
C.His paper on the conservation of energy.
D.His achievements as an army surgeon.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第二段的“During that time,he composed...in science community.”可知,Helmholtz寫了一篇關于能量守恒的開創性論文,使他在科學界享有盛譽,故選C項。]
3.What can be inferred about Helmholtz from the last paragraph
A.He was a famous philosopher.
B.He proved Maxwell’s new theory.
C.He was a physics professor at Konigsberg.
D.He devoted the rest of his life to physical research.
答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics,emphasizing the importance...”可推知,Helmholtz把他的余生獻給了物理研究,故選D項。]
4.Which words can best describe Helmholtz
A.All-round and determined.
B.Energetic and cautious.
C.Knowledgeable and brave.
D.Humorous and courageous.
答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據第二段的“After earning his medical degree,Helmholtz served as an army surgeon...”和最后一段的“After some time at...at the University of Berlin.”可知,Helmholtz是全能的,即all-round;根據第一段的“he was drawn to others...”,第二段的“he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy”和最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics...”可知,Helmholtz從對物理學感興趣到余生一直研究物理學,可推出他是有決心的,即determined,故選A項。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
Chris,a 21-year-old young man from Maitland,Florida,completed an Ironman triathlon (鐵人三項).An Ironman 　1　 a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run.While this is an amazing 　2　 for any human being,it is especially 　3　 for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome.　4　,Chris Nikic did the impossible!
His 　5　 to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment has been anything but 　6　.Chris had open-heart surgery when he was just five months old.He needed a 　7　 when he was three and did not even walk on his own until he was four years old.Throughout his childhood,he and his parents were told that he could not do many things that other kids could do.For years they got 　8　 to and accepted these limits.
Until in 2017,he sets his 　9　 on competing in triathlons.His training starts with one pushup as well as an amazing commitment he 　10　with his dad to get 1% better each day.　11　,Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year to prepare for the 　12　.
Chris’s amazing perseverance (毅力) is an example for not only children with Down Syndrome and other special 　13　 but to all kids around the world.Chris is now trying to 　14　 as many people as he can with his story which he is 　15　 through public speaking,presentations,and a book he is working with his father.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了21歲患有唐氏綜合征的Chris Nikic完成了鐵人三項比賽,為此他付出了巨大努力,成為許多孩子的榜樣。
1.A.stands for B.takes over
C.consists of D.calls on
答案　C　[后文“a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”是比賽的組成項目。consist of由……組成,故選C項。]
2.A.enjoyment B.achievement
C.development D.improvement
答案　B　[根據上文“a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”可知,完成鐵人三項是一項了不起的成就(achievement),故選B項。]
3.A.strange B.unique
C.advanced D.private
答案　B　[根據后文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,克里斯·尼克患有唐氏綜合征,因此完成比賽尤其了不起。unique獨特的,故選B項。]
4.A.Preciously B.Necessarily
C.Temporarily D.Apparently
答案　D　[根據后文“Chris Nikic did the impossible!”可知,克里斯·尼克顯然(Apparently)完成了不可能的事,故選D項。]
5.A.solution B.response
C.road D.secret
答案　C　[根據后文“to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment”可知,取得成就的道路(road)并非一帆風順,故選C項。]
6.A.easy B.difficult
C.interesting D.complicated
答案　A　[根據上文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,他患有唐氏綜合征,所以取得成就不容易(easy),故選A項。]
7.A.speaker B.sticker
C.jumper D.walker
答案　D　[根據后文“did not even walk on his own until he was four years old”可知,三歲的時候需要助行器(walker),故選D項。]
8.A.accustomed B.rooted
C.lost D.engaged
答案　A　[根據上文“For years”可知,時間久了他們已經習慣了這些限制。accustomed習慣的,故選A項。]
9.A.luck B.sights
C.standards D.pleasure
答案　B　[根據后文“on competing in triathlons”可知,他想要參加鐵人三項比賽。短語set sights on表示“瞄準,把目光投向”,故選B項。]
10.A.made B.included
C.met D.demonstrated
答案　A　[根據上文“an amazing commitment he”可知是指作出承諾,應用動詞make,故選A項。]
11.A.Occasionally B.Suddenly
C.Eventually D.Casually
答案　C　[根據后文“Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year”可知,最后(Eventually)他的訓練達到了每天四到八個小時,故選C項。]
12.A.memory B.experience
C.story D.competition
答案　D　[根據上文“a whole year to prepare for the”以及“on competing in triathlons”可知,此處指為鐵人三項比賽(competition)做準備,故選D項。]
13.A.skills B.disabilities
C.movements D.features
答案　B　[根據并列連詞“and”可判斷,該題空格應與and前的“Down Syndrome” 意義相關,表示“唐氏綜合征和其他特殊殘疾兒童”。 disabilities殘疾,故選B項。]
14.A.promote B.inquire
C.inspire D.provide
答案　C　[根據后文“as many people as he can with his story”以及上文提到了榜樣作用,可知是試圖用他的故事激勵(inspire)盡可能多的人,故選C項。]
15.A.sharing B.talking
C.writing D.posting
答案　A　[根據后文“through public speaking,presentations,and a book he is working with his father”可知,他通過公開演講、報告和他與父親合作的一本書來分享(sharing)他的故事,故選A項。](共96張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking—
Language points
內
容
索
引
必備知識自測
核心考點突破
課時測評作業
必 備 知 識 自 測
1.　　　　　　 / kru l/ adj.至關重要的;關鍵性的
2.　　　　　　 / vaItl/ adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機的
3.　　　　　　 / b d ekt v/ n.目標;目的 adj.客觀的
4.　　　　　　 / pr p ti/ n.性質;特征;財產
5.　　　　　　 /b Il/ vt.& vi.(使)沸騰;煮開;燒開 n.沸騰;沸點
6.　　　　　　 / lIkwId/ n.液體 adj.液體的;液態的
[核心單詞·練通]
crucial
vital
objective
property
boil
liquid
7.　　　　　　 / b teIn/ vt.(尤指經努力)獲得;贏得 vi.(規章、習俗等)存在;流行
8.　　　　　　 /dI fi t/ n.失敗;挫敗 vt.擊敗;戰勝
9.　　　　　　 / n s st/ vi.& vt.堅持;堅決要求
10.　　　　　　 / m stli/ adv.主要地;一般地
obtain
defeat
insist
mostly
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.　　　　　　 /k m t/ vt.承諾;保證 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活動等)→　　　　　　/k m t d/ adj.盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的→commitment n.投入;奉獻;承諾
2.　　　　　　 / k d mi/ n.(藝術、文學、科學等的)研究院;學會;專科院校→　　　　　　/ k dem k/ adj.學業的;學術的
3.　　　　　　 /b t n kl/ adj.植物學的→botany n.植物學
commit
committed
academy
academic
botanical
4.　　　　　　 /I v ljueIt/ vt.評價;評估→ evaluation n.評價;評估
5.　　　　　　 /d st kt/ adj.清晰的;清楚的;有區別的→distinction n.區別;差別
6.　　　　　　/ k n l d / vt.承認(屬實、權威等);(公開)感謝→acknowledged adj.公認的→acknowledgement n.承認;感謝
7.　　　　　　 / n laIz/ (NAmE －ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n.分析
evaluate
distinct
acknowledge
analyse
8.　　　　　　 / p r ntli/ adv.顯而易見;看來;顯然→apparent adj.明顯的;顯而易見的
9.　　　　　　 / saI n tIfIk/ adj.科學(上)的;關于科學的→science n.科學→scientist n.科學家
apparently
scientific
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.physiology / fIzi l d i/ n. 　　　　　　　
2.extract / ekstr kt/ n. 　　　　　　　
/ k str kt/ vt. 　　　　 　　　
3.wormwood / w mw d/ n. 　　　　　　　
4.substance / s bst ns/ n. 　　　　　　　
生理學;生理機能
提取物;摘錄
提取;提煉;摘錄;(用力)拔出
蒿;洋艾
物質;物品;事實根據
[重點短語·再現]
1._______________________________________　　　　　　 　　
承諾; 保證(做某事、 遵守協議或安排等)
2.　　　　　　　　 堅決要求
3.　　　　　　　　 畢業于……
4.　　　　　　　　 在開始的時候
5.　　　　　　　　 被卡住了
6.　　　　　　　　 提取
commit oneself to (sth／doing sth／do sth)
insist on
graduate from...
in the beginning
get／be stuck
draw out
7.lead to 　　　　　　　
8.a collection of 　　　　　　　
9.with the objective of 　　　　　　　
10.the head of 　　　　　　　
11.show promise 　　　　　　　
12.by chance 　　　　　　　
導致
一批;一堆
有……的目的
……的負責人
有希望,有指望,有前途
碰巧;意外地
[典型句式·默背]
根據課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　whose引導非限制性定語從句
[教材原句]　This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co－winner),_______________________
____________ of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
今年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎者),她的研究促成了青蒿素的發現,一種治療瘧疾的關鍵新藥物。
whose research led to the
discovery
2.[句型公式]　主語＋be thought＋不定式
[教材原句]　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and 　　　 　　　100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾至關重要的成分,被認為僅在非洲每年就能拯救10萬人的生命。
is thought to save
3.[句型公式]　過去分詞短語作定語
[教材原句]　In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among 　　　 　　　.
1967年,中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學家隊伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。
the first researchers chosen
4.[句型公式]　upon/on doing... 一……就……
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　　 ,
she said,“The honour is not just mine.”
當聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時,她說:“榮譽不只屬于我。”
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize
5.[句型公式]　It is an honour for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事是一種榮幸
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中國的科學研究和中醫藥能夠在全世界傳播確實是一種榮譽。
It is indeed an honour for
核 心 考 點 突 破
核心單詞練透
高考熱點微練
典型句式練透
核心單詞練透
1.vital adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機的
教材原文　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾至關重要的成分,被認為僅在非洲每年就能挽救10萬人的生命。
感知　語言先輸入
①If we are to make a difference in environmental protection,it’s vital that we should begin with small things.(主旨升華)
②Without the oceans,no living things would survive,humans included.So oceans are vital for/to us.(2022·全國甲卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be vital to/for ...　　　 對……至關重要
It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要
It is vital that ...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的
(2)be of vital importance 至關重要的
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①It is 　　　　　 　　vital importance that we (should) learn something from failure.
②As far as I’m concerned,it is vital 　　　　　　(keep) accurate records.
③I am busy preparing for my final exam,which 　　　 　　　, so I cannot keep the appointment.
我正忙于準備期末考試,這對我來說很重要,所以我不能赴約了。
of
to keep
is vital for/to me
④　　　　　　　　　 we develop an awareness of how the online learning resources can be properly used.(2021·全國乙卷)
重要的是我們應培養如何正確利用網絡學習資源的意識。
It is vital that
2.committed adj.盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的
教材原文　Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦是一位堅定而有耐心的科學家,1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波,1955年畢業于北京大學醫學院(今北京大學醫學部)。
感知　語言先輸入
①I commit myself to learning English and have a good command of English,so I am elected as assistant of my English teacher.(申請信)
②In addition to her research,she has been whole－heartedly committed to environmental protection.(北師必三U8)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be committed to (doing) sth承諾/全身心地投入(做)某事
(2)commit vt. 承諾;保證
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活動等)
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
承諾/保證(做某事、遵守協議或安排等)
commit a mistake/a crime犯錯誤/犯罪
(3)commitment n. 承諾,保證;投入,忠于
make a commitment作出承諾
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子/句式升級
①If you are serious about our relationship,you should make a ____________(commit).
②Though journalists are committed to 　　　　　　(present) the truth,it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.(譯林選二U1)
commitment
presenting
③　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,my face red with embarrassment.(心理描寫)
我在如此多的人面前犯了一個愚蠢的錯誤,滿臉窘得通紅。
④As she was committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she seldom played with her children.(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫)
I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people
Committed to the project
3.acknowledge vt.承認(屬實、權威等);(公開)感謝
教材原文　However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.　
然而,屠呦呦不肯承認失敗。
感知　語言先輸入
①It is widely/universally acknowledged that the film is instructive and full of emotion.
②What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!(外研選三U1)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)acknowledge doing/having done sth 承認做了某事
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 承認某人/某事……
It is acknowledged that... ……是大家公認的
(2)acknowledgement n. 承認;感謝
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①The country has acknowledged 　　　　　　 　　(take) every means to fight against any possible attack.
②English is acknowledged 　　　　　 　the language of business,science,IT and the Internet around the world.
taking/having taken
as
③　　　 　　　 that shared bicycles have become a popular choice in cities,providing an eco－friendly and cost－effective way to travel short distances.(2024·全國甲卷)
共享單車已成為城市的熱門選擇,為短途旅行提供了一種環保且經濟高效的方式,這是大家公認的。
It is universally/widely acknowledged
4.defeat n.失敗;挫敗 vt.擊敗;戰勝
教材原文　However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.　
然而,屠呦呦不肯承認失敗。
感知　語言先輸入
①Barriers to success can’t defeat us.Instead,they can only make us stronger.(主旨升華)
②Learning that you have defeated/beaten all the other competitors in the contest,I am writing to congratulate you.(祝賀信)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)defeat sb 　　　　　　 擊敗某人
(2)suffer a serious defeat 遭受嚴重的挫敗
辨析:①defeat和beat后都接sb作賓語。defeat既可指比賽中擊敗對手,也可指戰爭中擊敗敵軍或入侵者。beat側重于比賽中擊敗對手。
②win后接比賽、辯論、戰斗、獎品等名詞,表示“榮獲,贏得”。
運用　選詞填空(defeat、beat、win)/補全句子
①Yesterday I 　　　　　　　John at chess.He won only one set,while I won two sets.
②He does not have any realistic chance of 　　　　　　the election.
③Their first attempt to make popcorn failed,but they didn’t 　　　 　　　.The brave boys 　　　 　　　by the temporary failure.
他們做爆米花的第一次嘗試失敗了,但是他們不承認失敗。這些勇敢的男孩子們不會被暫時的失敗打敗。
defeated/beat
winning
acknowledge/admit defeat
wouldn’t be defeated/beaten
5.insist vi.& vt.堅持;堅決要求
教材原文　Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.　屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持以身試藥,以確保藥物的安全性。
感知　語言先輸入
①You should respect the views of others,and at the same time insist on what you think is right.(建議信)
②The Student Union insists that every participant (should) arrive at the hall on time.(通知)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)insist (堅持說/認為) that..., 從句用陳述語氣。
(2)insist (堅決要求/主張) that sb (should) do... 從句用虛擬語氣。
(3)insist on doing sth 堅持做某事
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①His friends insisted that they 　　　　　　(have) no connection with the accident and that they 　　　　　　　　(set) free.
②He insisted 　　　　　　walking me to the station to see me off,which nearly moved me to tears.
③My mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
so I had to give in to her.(2021·浙江1月卷)
我媽媽堅持要把視頻發到網上,所以我只好讓步了。
had
(should) be set
on
insisted that the video should be posted online
片段鞏固
用vital;commit;acknowledge;defeat;insist完成人物描寫的片段
　　錢學森被公認為中國航天之父,于2009年10月31日在北京去世。許多中國人悲痛欲絕,淚如雨下。自1958年以來,他一直滿懷激情地致力于航空航天研究工作,這對我國的發展至關重要。
他總是堅持自己的夢想,無論遇到什么困難,他都不會承認失敗。
1.　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(過去分詞短語作狀語), Qian Xuesen passed away in Beijing on Oct.31,2009. Overcome with sorrow,many Chinese people cried their hearts out, 2.___________________________(獨立主格結構) uncontrollably.Since 1958,he 3.　　　　　　　　　　　 (過去完成時) aerospace science with passion,which 4._______________________ (be of＋名詞) the development of our country. He always 5._____________________ (一般過去時) and he 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (情態動詞＋動詞原形) whatever difficulties he encountered.
Acknowledged as the father of China’s space program
tears flowing down cheeks
had been committed to
is of vital importance to
insisted on his dream
wouldn’t acknowledge defeat
1.句型公式:主語＋be thought＋不定式
教材原文　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾至關重要的成分,被認為僅在非洲每年就能拯救10萬人的生命。
典型句式練透
感知　語言先輸入
①David was thought to make a decision whether he would run or not by himself.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②It is thought that helping weak groups is to help strong groups and the whole society.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)句式“Sb/Sth is thought to do sth＝It is thought that ...”,意為“據說……”。其中,不定式根據情況可用一般式、進行式或完成式。
(2)用于本句型的動詞還有say、believe、expect、report、consider、suppose等。
運用　同義句轉換/補全句子
①It’s thought that she has recovered from her illness so far.
→She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 from her illness so far.
②I haven’t seen Jack for many years.It’s said that he is living in China now.
→I haven’t seen Jack for many years.He_______________________ in China now.
is thought to have recovered
is said to be living
③Our opponent 　　　　　　　　　　, so our team will be trained every day after school from tomorrow to win the game.
據說我們的對手很強大,所以為了贏得比賽,我們隊從明天開始每天放學后將進行訓練。
is said to be great
2.句型公式:upon/on doing... 一……就……
教材原文　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”　
當聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時,她說:“榮譽不只屬于我。”
感知　語言先輸入
Upon learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
＝The moment he learned that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)upon/on＋n./doing ...“一……就……”,相當于as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。
(2)“一……就……”的其他表達形式:
①immediately/directly/instantly＋從句
②the moment/minute/instant＋從句
③no sooner...than.../hardly...when...
運用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①　　　　　　　 instant our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”, we all cheered up.(活動介紹)
②Hardly had we arrived at the activity center ___________________ we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest.
The
when
③我的頭一從大南瓜里拔出來,我就松了一口氣。 (2021·浙江1月卷)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I sighed in relief.(the instant)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I sighed in relief.(immediately)
As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
3.句型公式:It is an honour for sb to do sth
對某人來說做某事是一種榮幸
教材原文　It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.　
中國的科學研究和中醫藥能夠在全世界傳播確實是一種榮譽。
感知　語言先輸入
①I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my honour to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.
②I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)It＋is/was＋adj./n.＋to do sth,這一句型中不定式作真正的主語。
(2)It＋is/was＋adj./n.＋doing sth,這一句型中動詞－ing形式作真正的主語。
(3)It＋is/was＋adj./n.＋從句;
It＋動詞(seem、happen、occur、make sense等)＋從句;
It＋is/was＋過去分詞(said、reported、known等)＋從句;
這些句型中從句作真正的主語。
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①It is a great honour 　　　　　　　　　　 (deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
②It is a fact 　　　　　　these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
③　　　　　　 is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
to deliver
that
It
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a bit of good,but it’s a struggle to do good for a lifetime.
一個人做點好事并不難,難的是一輩子做好事。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 online learning has its advantages and disadvantages.
顯然,網絡學習既有優點也有缺點。
It is not hard for one to do
It is clear/obvious that
片段鞏固
用本部分句式完成人物描寫片段
　　我們周圍有很多值得尊敬的人。我最尊重的人是我的物理老師。她被認為是我們學校最好的老師之一。得知我上個月考試不及格、情緒低落時,她給予了我極大的鼓勵。在她看來,幫助學生是她的責任。
There are many respectable people around us.And the person I respect most is my physics teacher.She 1._________________________ _________________(be thought to do...) in our school. 2.____________ __________________(upon doing...) when I failed the exam last month, she gave me great encouragement.In her opinion, 3._________________________________________ (it作形式主語).
is thought to be one of the
best teachers
Upon hearing
I was in low spirits
it is her responsibility to help her students
1.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
①The following extract is taken from her new novel.　　　　　　
②I must tell you that all applications will be acknowledged by emails.　　　　　　
③The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans.　　　　　　
④There is some substance in what he says.　　　　　　
n.摘錄
高考熱點微練
vt.告知收悉
n.目標
n.根據
2.選出commit的漢語意思
A.vt.承諾;保證 B.vt.犯(罪或錯等) C.vt.花(錢或時間)
D.vi.忠于;全心全意投入
①Don’t fully commit to a man who doesn’t give you everything that you need.　　
②Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan.　　
③Most crimes are committed by young men.　　
④The government has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.　　
D
A
B
C
課 時 測 評 作 業
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.As for work, we’ll (主要地) work at home, communicating ideas for work online.
2.How can you (提取) this information and make good use of it
3.It is necessary to hold an (客觀的) attitude towards ratings.
mostly
extract
objective
4.The following simple experiment is used to separate different ______________(液體).
5.There is no possibility that he will be (擊敗) in the game.
6.Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite ______________/dI stI kt/.
7.Dogs’ owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury to other people or cause damage to their ________________/ pr p ti/.
liquids
defeated
distinct
property
8.What’s more,some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians do not think it
v to obey traffic rules.
9.The gases given off by the factory contain a poisonous s_________ that is harmful to people’s health.
10.We have o permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
ital
ubstance
btained
Ⅱ.詞形轉換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.Here’s some (boil) water.Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty.
2.As a patient and (commit) scientist,she is highly thought of all over the world.
3.The old scientist told his students that __________(science) theories must be based on facts.
boiled
committed
scientific
4.I thought he had found a new job,but _________(apparent) he hasn’t.
5.The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their ___________(evaluate) of the service.
6.They collect blood samples for (analyse) at a national laboratory.
7.The flowers were a small (acknowledge) of your kindness.
8.He still longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other (academy) works.
apparently
evaluation
analysis
acknowledgement
academic
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
insist on;lead to;draw out;make a discovery;test...on...;commit oneself to
1.In science,it is important to be the first person to .
2.If you practicing spoken English in your spare time,it will be improved sooner or later.
make a discovery
insist on
3.I don’t have any cash on me and I’d like to __________________ some money from an ATM nearby.
4.After a long time of discussion,both sides ______________________ settling the dispute peacefully.
5.The new system may be more economical but will _______________ a decline in quality of the programme.
6.The study’s participants were ___________ science,maths,English and mechanical abilities.
draw out
committed themselves to
lead to
tested on
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(每小題2分,共10分)
1. , they couldn’t wait to visit our tea house,where a lot of tea sets were on display.(Upon/On doing...)
一到達我們學校,他們就迫不及待地參觀了我們的茶館,那里展出了很多茶具。
2. ,which,I hope,can solve your problems.(honour)
我很榮幸能為您提供一些實用的旅行建議,希望能解決您的問題。
Upon/On arriving at our school
It’s my great honour to offer you some practical travel tips
3. the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.(acknowledge)
人們普遍認為人與人之間最短的距離是真誠的微笑。
4.Although the experiment failed again,he_______________________
________________________________________________________.
(insist) 盡管實驗又一次失敗了,但是他堅決要求再給他一次機會。
5.The video filmed by my mom ,making me widely known in the town. (be thought to do...)
我媽媽拍的視頻被認為很有趣,使我在鎮上廣為人知。
It is universally/widely acknowledged that
insisted on being given
another chance/insisted that he (should) be given another chance
was thought to be amusing
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Born in Potsdam (in the Kingdom of Prussia) in 1821,Helmholtz was one of the 19th century’s most knowledgeable scientists,whose name turns up in the histories of multiple scientific fields and specialties.As a youngster,he had an interest in physics,but that seemed a financially unwise career choice.He went to medical school and studied physiology instead,because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics,not the vital forces that had been popularly emphasized previously.
After earning his medical degree,Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Konigsberg.During that time,he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy,which made him a good reputation in science community.His main argument is that all science can be reduced to mechanics.It is emphasized that Newtonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics are mathematically equivalent,so a force can
be measured by the Laplace method in terms of the energy transferred by the force or the work done by the force.All of this energy is conserved.While at Konigsberg,he studied the nervous system,optics (光學) and acoustics (聲學),especially with regard to the physiology of the senses.Then he moved on to the University of Bonn as professor of anatomy (解剖學) and physiology.
After some time at the University of Heidelberg,where he became interested in philosophy,in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University of Berlin.At last he could focus on physics,emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.He also explored the branches of Maxwell’s new theory.By this time,he was recognized as one of Germany’s premier scientists,until his death in 1894.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Helmholtz作為一名多才多藝的科學家的生平事跡。
1.Why did Helmholtz choose to study physiology
A.He made the choice for economic difficulty.
B.He would like to make himself have more skills.
C.He preferred physiology to chemistry and physics.
D.He was attracted by a different viewpoint.
√
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段的“He went to medical school and studied physiology instead,because he was drawn to others...”可知,Helmholtz選擇生理學專業的原因是他被不同于以前的觀點所吸引,故選D項。
2.What made Helmholtz popular among scientists
A.His degree in medical science.
B.His talent in chemistry and physics.
C.His paper on the conservation of energy.
D.His achievements as an army surgeon.
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段的“During that time,he composed...in science community.”可知,Helmholtz寫了一篇關于能量守恒的開創性論文,使他在科學界享有盛譽,故選C項。
√
3.What can be inferred about Helmholtz from the last paragraph
A.He was a famous philosopher.
B.He proved Maxwell’s new theory.
C.He was a physics professor at Konigsberg.
D.He devoted the rest of his life to physical research.
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics,emphasizing the importance...”可推知,Helmholtz把他的余生獻給了物理研究,故選D項。
√
4.Which words can best describe Helmholtz
A.All-round and determined.
B.Energetic and cautious.
C.Knowledgeable and brave.
D.Humorous and courageous.
√
解析　推理判斷題。根據第二段的“After earning his medical degree, Helmholtz served as an army surgeon...”和最后一段的“After some time at...at the University of Berlin.”可知,Helmholtz是全能的,即all-round;根據第一段的“he was drawn to others...”,第二段的“he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy”和最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics...”可知,Helmholtz從對物理學感興趣到余生一直研究物理學,可推出他是有決心的,即determined,故選A項。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
Chris,a 21-year-old young man from Maitland,Florida,completed an Ironman triathlon (鐵人三項).An Ironman 　1　 a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run.While this is an amazing 　2　 for any human being,it is especially 　3　 for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome.　4　,Chris Nikic did the impossible!
His 　5　 to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment has been anything but 　6　.Chris had open-heart surgery when he was just five months old.He needed a 　7　 when he was three and did not even walk on his own until he was four years old.Throughout his childhood,he and his parents were told that he could not do many things that other kids could do.For years they got 　8　 to and accepted these limits.
Until in 2017,he sets his 　9　 on competing in triathlons.His training starts with one pushup as well as an amazing commitment he 　10　with his dad to get 1% better each day.　11　,Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year to prepare for the 　12　.
Chris’s amazing perseverance (毅力) is an example for not only children with Down Syndrome and other special 　13　 but to all kids around the world.Chris is now trying to 　14　 as many people as he can with his story which he is 　15　 through public speaking, presentations,and a book he is working with his father.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了21歲患有唐氏綜合征的Chris Nikic完成了鐵人三項比賽,為此他付出了巨大努力,成為許多孩子的榜樣。
1.A.stands for B.takes over
C.consists of D.calls on
√
解析　后文“a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”是比賽的組成項目。consist of由……組成,故選C項。
2.A.enjoyment B.achievement
C.development D.improvement
√
解析　根據上文“a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”可知,完成鐵人三項是一項了不起的成就(achievement),故選B項。
3.A.strange B.unique
C.advanced D.private
√
解析　根據后文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,克里斯·尼克患有唐氏綜合征,因此完成比賽尤其了不起。unique獨特的,故選B項。
4.A.Preciously B.Necessarily
C.Temporarily D.Apparently
√
解析　根據后文“Chris Nikic did the impossible!”可知,克里斯·尼克顯然(Apparently)完成了不可能的事,故選D項。
5.A.solution B.response
C.road D.secret
√
解析　根據后文“to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment”可知,取得成就的道路(road)并非一帆風順,故選C項。
6.A.easy B.difficult
C.interesting D.complicated
√
解析　根據上文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,他患有唐氏綜合征,所以取得成就不容易(easy),故選A項。
7.A.speaker B.sticker
C.jumper D.walker
√
解析　根據后文“did not even walk on his own until he was four years old”可知,三歲的時候需要助行器(walker),故選D項。
8.A.accustomed B.rooted
C.lost D.engaged
√
解析　根據上文“For years”可知,時間久了他們已經習慣了這些限制。accustomed習慣的,故選A項。
9.A.luck B.sights
C.standards D.pleasure
√
解析　根據后文“on competing in triathlons”可知,他想要參加鐵人三項比賽。短語set sights on表示“瞄準,把目光投向”,故選B項。
10.A.made B.included
C.met D.demonstrated
√
解析　根據上文“an amazing commitment he”可知是指作出承諾,應用動詞make,故選A項。
11.A.Occasionally B.Suddenly
C.Eventually D.Casually
√
解析　根據后文“Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year”可知,最后(Eventually)他的訓練達到了每天四到八個小時,故選C項。
12.A.memory B.experience
C.story D.competition
√
解析　根據上文“a whole year to prepare for the”以及“on competing in triathlons”可知,此處指為鐵人三項比賽(competition)做準備,故選D項。
13.A.skills B.disabilities
C.movements D.features
√
解析　根據并列連詞“and”可判斷,該題空格應與and前的“Down Syndrome” 意義相關,表示“唐氏綜合征和其他特殊殘疾兒童”。 disabilities殘疾,故選B項。
14.A.promote B.inquire
C.inspire D.provide
√
解析　根據后文“as many people as he can with his story”以及上文提到了榜樣作用,可知是試圖用他的故事激勵(inspire)盡可能多的人,故選C項。
15.A.sharing B.talking
C.writing D.posting
√
解析　根據后文“through public speaking,presentations,and a book he is working with his father”可知,他通過公開演講、報告和他與父親合作的一本書來分享(sharing)他的故事,故選A項。
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