資源簡(jiǎn)介

UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
大觀念之單元話題:單元中心話題是“有成就的人”,主要介紹了屠呦呦、愛因斯坦等具有卓越成就的人物。通過學(xué)習(xí)本單元內(nèi)容,了解一些著名人物的生平及其偉大成就,探究其獲得成功的原因,學(xué)習(xí)其精神品質(zhì);正確認(rèn)識(shí)“個(gè)人成就”與“社會(huì)價(jià)值”之間的關(guān)系,思考未來的努力方向。
①ceremony / ser m ni/n.儀式
②perseverance/ p s v r ns/ n.毅力
③foster / f st (r)/ vt.鼓勵(lì);促進(jìn)
④be presented with 被授予
⑤play an increasingly significant role in發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用
⑥maintain one’s passion保持激情
類文悅讀·情境導(dǎo)學(xué)
　　山東籍院士薛其坤:從考研挫折到國(guó)家最高科技獎(jiǎng) 寒門學(xué)子書寫量子科學(xué)傳奇
　　China began its annual top awards ceremony① for scientific and technology achievements.President Xi presented China’s top sci-tech award at the national science and technology award conference.
Xue Qikun,president of Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,was presented with④ the State Preeminent (卓越的) Science and Technology Award,China’s top science award.
Also a professor at Tsinghua University and an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xue is considered as an outstanding scientist,whose research achievements play an increasingly significant role in⑤ the development of science.
Despite varying descriptions of Xue,his coworkers were impressed by his diligence,perseverance② and optimism.
Born and raised in a mountainous region in Shandong Province in 1963,Xue said he considered himself “proficient in science since high school” but had only been an average student in college.
He failed the graduate program entrance exam twice before being admitted to the Institute of Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1987.
“Whatever difficulties I encounter,under no circumstances will I acknowledge defeat,” he said last week.
“I am often asked where I draw my strength from and how I maintain my passion⑥,” Xue said.“That’s actually very easy for me.I am already grateful for being born into a great time that values and fosters③ innovation.Just by looking back at how far we’ve come,I feel inspired to keep going.”
Many of us regard him as our model,whose deeds encourage us to follow our passion and strive for our dreams.
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking—Comprehending
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the picture,predict what this passage is mainly talking about.
答案　Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin,a substance extracted from sweet wormwood.
Step Two:While-reading
閱讀策略——找出描述性語(yǔ)言
描述性語(yǔ)言(descriptive words)指描述事物具體狀態(tài)或事件詳細(xì)始末的語(yǔ)言,如對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行定義或?qū)κ挛镞M(jìn)行解釋、介紹、說明的語(yǔ)言。在“TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE”這篇新聞報(bào)道中,作者使用了大量的描述性語(yǔ)言,現(xiàn)舉例進(jìn)行分析。
在第二段第一句中,作者使用形容詞committed和patient描述屠呦呦的品質(zhì),這正解釋了她能夠獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的主觀原因;在介紹研究過程時(shí),作者采用 列數(shù)字的方法,如:examined over 2,000 old medical texts、evaluated 280,000 plants和tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments,這些數(shù)字充分展現(xiàn)了研究過程的艱辛、科學(xué)與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　 A.Tu Youyou owes her success to her team and traditional Chinese medicine.
Para.2 B.Tu Youyou was awarded Nobel Prize because of discovering artemisinin.
Para.3 C.Tu Youyou’s personal experiences.
Para.4 D.The process of discovering artemisinin.
答案　Para.1 B　Para.2 C　Para.3 D
Para.4 A
2.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Tu Youyou’s problems in discovering artemisinin.
B.Introduction about Tu’s research team.
C.The story behind Tu Youyou’s Nobel Prize and the value of her discovery.
D.Tu Youyou’s personal life.
答案　C
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Tu Youyou win Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
A.Because she saved millions of people around the world.
B.Because she discovered artemisinin which has saved thousands of lives.
C.Because she formed a team to discover a new treatment for malaria.
D.Because she tested countless wormwood and was not afraid of failure.
2.What do you think of Tu Youyou
A.She is careful and eager to get the Nobel Prize.
B.She loves her country and her team.
C.She is strict in her work.
D.She is a devoted and patient scientist.
3.What can you learn from Tu Youyou’s experiment
A.Science must be proved many times.
B.Scientific work is too boring.
C.Only those who are not afraid of failure can succeed.
D.Scientific conclusions cannot be cut short.
4.What caused the discovery of artemisinin according to Tu Youyou
A.Too many patients.
B.Her good education.
C.Team cooperation.
D.Ancient Chinese medical texts.
5.Where would you most likely find this passage
A.In a blog. B.In a book.
C.In a letter. D.In a newspaper.
答案　1.B　2.D　3.C　4.C　5.D
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構(gòu)
1.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.
學(xué)會(huì)斷句:這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句為Tu Youyou went to Hainan,表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 介詞短語(yǔ)In the beginning作狀語(yǔ);動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to study malaria patients作目的狀語(yǔ)。
嘗試翻譯:起初,屠呦呦前往海南研究瘧疾病人,在那兒瘧疾更常見。
2.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.
學(xué)會(huì)斷句:本句是but連接的并列句,句中boiling fresh wormwood和using the liquid作tried的并列賓語(yǔ),obtained from this是過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),修飾liquid。
嘗試翻譯:之后,他們嘗試煮沸新鮮的青蒿,使用從中獲得的液體治療瘧疾,但還是不起作用。
Ⅱ.翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂(課文語(yǔ)法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
Tu Youyou 1.was awarded (award) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in October 2015 because of the discovery of artemisinin.
Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated 2.from Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated,she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of 3.scientists (scientist) with the objective of 4.discovering (discover) a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 5.chosen (choose).In 1969,she became the head of the project in Beijing,and decided 6.to review (review) ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7.using (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team overcame numerous difficulties and 8.finally (final) succeeded in 1971.This medicine,9.which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.It is indeed 10.an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
[原文呈現(xiàn)]
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to① Tu Youyou (co-winner),[1] whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial② new treatment for③ malaria.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives,and has led to improved health for millions of people.Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year,and about 600,000 die from it.Artemisinin has become a vital④ part of the treatment for malaria,and [2]is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
[1]此處是whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Tu Youyou,whose在從句中作定語(yǔ);a crucial new treatment for malaria是同位語(yǔ),用來解釋說明artemisinin。
[2]此處是“主語(yǔ)+be thought+不定式”句型。
Tu Youyou,a committed⑤ and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School⑥ in 1955.After she graduated,she worked at the China Academy⑦ of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective⑧ of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among [3]the first researchers chosen. In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,[4]where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.In 1969,she became the head⑨ of the project in Beijing,and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical⑩ treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties .From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
[3]chosen是過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),修飾the first researchers。
[4]此處是where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Hainan,where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.Their project got stuck.However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.She analysed the medical texts again,and by chance,she found one sentence [5]suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.[6]Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.After failing more than 190 times,the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.This medicine,which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
[5]此處是v.-ing形式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾one sentence;to treat the wormwood是不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾a different way。
[6]此處是v.-ing形式短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)。
According to Tu Youyou,the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.[7] Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me,and all the people of my country.This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.[8]It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
[7]Upon/On (doing)...意為“一……就……”。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,作hearing的賓語(yǔ)。
[8]It是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to be spread around the world。
[名師圈點(diǎn)]
①award sth to sb (=award sb sth)授予某人某物
②crucial / kru l/ adj.至關(guān)重要的;關(guān)鍵性的
③(a) treatment for...(一種)治療……的方法
④vital / vaItl/ adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機(jī)的
⑤committed /k mItId/ adj.盡心盡力的;堅(jiān)定的;堅(jiān)信的
⑥school /sku l/n.熟詞生義 [C](高等院校的)學(xué)院,系
the business/medical/law school
商學(xué)院/醫(yī)學(xué)院/法學(xué)院
⑦academy / k d mi/ n.(藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的)研究院;學(xué)會(huì);專科院校
[派生詞]academic / k demIk/ adj.學(xué)業(yè)的;學(xué)術(shù)的
[拓展]high academic standards高學(xué)術(shù)水平
⑧objective / b d ektIv/ n.目標(biāo);目的(相當(dāng)于goal/aim/purpose) adj.客觀的
[拓展]with the objective/aim/goal of...或for the purpose of...以……為目標(biāo)
⑨head /hed/n.[C,U]負(fù)責(zé)人,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人(熟詞生義)
⑩botanical /b t nIkl/ adj.植物學(xué)的
[詞鏈]botany (/ b t ni/ n.植物學(xué))→botanist (/ b t n st/ n.植物學(xué)家)→botanical (adj.)
evaluate /I v ljueIt/ vt.評(píng)價(jià);評(píng)估
[派生詞]evaluation / v lju e n/
n.評(píng)估,評(píng)價(jià)
property / pr p ti/ n.[C,usually pl.]性質(zhì);特征;[U]財(cái)產(chǎn)
distinct /dI stI kt/ adj.清晰的;清楚的;有區(qū)別的
promise / pr m s/ n.[U]獲得成功的跡象(熟詞生義)
show promise有希望,有前途
suggest doing...建議做……
extract / ekstr kt/ n.[U,C]提取物;[C]摘錄 /Ik str kt/ vt.提取;提煉;摘錄;(用力)拔出
a collection of...一批……;一群……
boil /b Il/ vt.& vi.用沸水煮;(使)沸騰;煮開;燒開 n.[sing.]沸騰;沸點(diǎn)
[拓展]boiling water沸水
boiled water 煮開過的水
liquid / lIkwId/ n.[U,C]液體 adj.液體的;液態(tài)的
[拓展]solid / s l d/ n.[C] 固體 adj.固體的
gas /ɡ s/ n.[C,U]氣體
obtain / b teIn/ vt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得;贏得 vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在;流行
[搭配]obtain...from/through...從……中得到……
work /w k/ vi.起效,起作用(熟詞生義)
get stuck陷入困境;被困住
acknowledge / k n lId / vt.
承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等);(公開)感謝
defeat /dI fi t/ n.[U,C]
失敗;挫敗 vt.擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝
analyse (NAmE-ze) / n laIz/ vt.分析
[派生詞]analysis / n l s s/
n.[U,C] (pl.analyses)(對(duì)事物的)分析
[拓展]carry out/do an analysis of...
對(duì)……進(jìn)行分析
by chance 碰巧;意外地
[同義]by accident偶然地,意外地
[反義]by design/on purpose/purposely
故意地
conclude /k n klu d/ vt.斷定,推斷出
apparently / p r ntli/ adv.顯而易見;看來;顯然
[拓展]apparent / p r nt/ adj.顯然,顯而易見
It is apparent that...顯然……(=It is clear/obvious/evident that...)
draw out 提煉出,取出
[拓展]draw up 起草,擬訂
draw near接近,靠近
substance / s bst ns/ n.物質(zhì);物品;事實(shí)根據(jù)
insist /In sIst/ vi.& vt.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求
test sth on sb在某人身上試驗(yàn)?zāi)澄?br/>scientific / saI n tIfIk/ adj.科學(xué)(上)的;關(guān)于科學(xué)的
[參考譯文]　 屠呦呦獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)
2015年10月6日
今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?,她的研究促成了青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn),一種治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵新藥物。青蒿素拯救了數(shù)十萬(wàn)人的生命,并改善了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的健康狀況。每年全世界超過兩億人感染瘧疾,大約有60萬(wàn)人死于這種病。青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾至關(guān)重要的成分,被認(rèn)為僅在非洲每年就能拯救10萬(wàn)人的生命。
屠呦呦是一位堅(jiān)定而有耐心的科學(xué)家,1930年12月30日出生于中國(guó)寧波,1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院(今北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部)。畢業(yè)后,她在北京的中國(guó)中醫(yī)科學(xué)院工作。1967年,中國(guó)政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。起初,屠呦呦前往海南研究瘧疾病人,在那兒瘧疾更常見。1969年,她成為北京項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人,并決定查閱古代中醫(yī)文獻(xiàn),尋找這種疾病的傳統(tǒng)植物學(xué)療法。她的團(tuán)隊(duì)查閱了2 000多份古醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn),評(píng)估了28萬(wàn)株植物的藥性。他們?cè)谘芯恐邪l(fā)現(xiàn)并測(cè)試了380種不同的古代中醫(yī)療法,為對(duì)抗瘧疾帶來了希望。
一本四世紀(jì)的醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)推薦使用青蒿提取物來治療發(fā)燒。屠呦呦的團(tuán)隊(duì)試驗(yàn)了一批干青蒿葉,但沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何效果。之后,他們嘗試煮沸新鮮的青蒿,使用從中獲得的液體治療瘧疾,但還是不起作用。他們的項(xiàng)目陷入了困境。然而,屠呦呦不肯承認(rèn)失敗。她再次分析醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn),偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一句話建議用一種不同的方法處理青蒿。她斷定煮沸青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥性。(通過)使用較低的溫度進(jìn)行提取,她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。失敗了190多次之后,這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)終于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員甚至堅(jiān)持以身試藥,以確保藥物的安全性。后來,這種藥在瘧疾患者身上進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn),大多數(shù)患者都康復(fù)了。這種藥很快成為治療瘧疾的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥物,被稱為青蒿素。
依屠呦呦所說,青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是團(tuán)隊(duì)努力的成果。當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí),她說:“榮譽(yù)不只屬于我。我身后有一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì),還有祖國(guó)的所有人民。這一成功證明了中藥的巨大價(jià)值。中國(guó)的科學(xué)研究和中醫(yī)藥能夠在全世界傳播確實(shí)是一種榮譽(yù)。”
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Women Pioneers Who Changed the World
Ali Stroker
Ali Stroker took the theater world—and,indeed,the very Internet—by storm when,on June 9,2019,she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a Tony Award.After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in 2015,she won the award for her powerful performance in the revival of Oklahoma!
Susan B.Anthony
Susan B.Anthony participated in her first women’s rights conference in 1852.Over the next 54 years,she published The Revolution,gave speeches,called the first Woman Suffrage Convention in Washington,D.C.(1869),and was arrested for voting (1872).She was also a vocal advocate for abolishing slavery and improving workers’ rights,higher education for women,and training standardization and registration for nurses.
Anna Bissell
In 1889 Anna Bissell became the CEO of a company,making her the first female CEO in America.She traveled around the country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the Bissell brand.Eventually,she took the brand international.She was also one of the first company heads to give workers pension plans.
Malala Yousafzai
When terrorists began seizing power in her hometown and attacking girls’ schools,Yousafzai gave a speech defending her and all women’s right to an education.She continued to speak out even after her cover was blown and the terrorists issued a death threat.In 2012,a masked gunman boarded the bus and shot her in the head.She survived.In 2014,she became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了四位對(duì)世界作出貢獻(xiàn)的女性先驅(qū)。
1.What is Ali Stroker noted for
A.Her efforts to win a prize. B.Her Broadway background.
C.Her special art performance. D.Her wheelchair to perform in.
答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Ali Stroker相關(guān)內(nèi)容可知,Ali Stroker以其特別的藝術(shù)表演而聞名,故選C項(xiàng)。]
2.Which word can best describe Anna Bissell
A.Doubtful. B.Devoted.
C.Stubborn. D.Outgoing.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章Anna Bissell相關(guān)內(nèi)容可知,Anna Bissell是一位有奉獻(xiàn)精神的女性,故選B項(xiàng)。]
3.Who made a great contribution to the education for women
A.Ali Stroker and Anna Bissell.
B.Ali Stroker and Malala Yousafzai.
C.Susan B.Anthony and Anna Bissell.
D.Susan B.Anthony and Malala Yousafzai.
答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Susan B.Anthony中“She was also a vocal advocate...higher education for women”及Malala Yousafzai中“Yousafzai gave a speech...right to an education”可知,Susan B.Anthony和Malala Yousafzai兩位女性對(duì)于女性教育做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn),故選D項(xiàng)。]
B
Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潛艇),and the other to build nuclear power plants.Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry,Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task.In fact,he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects,from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations.
Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (機(jī)械) in the Soviet Union.In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life.At that time,the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major.Peng willingly agreed,marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power.
In 1958,China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines,and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system.In the 1980s,China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant.Appointed as the director-in-chief,Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction.
During his career,Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles.In 1994,he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,one of the top academic bodies in China.
Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22,2021 at the age of 96.The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)著名的核動(dòng)力專家彭士祿院士的生平事跡和重要貢獻(xiàn)。
4.What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A.Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power.
B.Peng was actually a very modest person.
C.Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants.
D.Peng was the most important figure in the nuclear field.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Despite being one of...role in the task.”可知,盡管彭是中國(guó)核電工業(yè)的奠基人之一,但他說自己在這項(xiàng)任務(wù)中發(fā)揮的作用很小。由此判斷,彭士祿院士是一個(gè)非常謙虛的人,故選B項(xiàng)。]
5.What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph mean
A.Focus on. B.Know about.
C.Turn to. D.Research into.
答案　C　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線部分的上文“Peng was selected to study...point in his life.(彭被選派到蘇聯(lián)學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)機(jī)械。1956年,當(dāng)他即將畢業(yè)時(shí),他面臨著人生的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn))”和下文“the atomic energy major (原子能專業(yè))”可知,彭面臨的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)是放棄自己原來的專業(yè),改學(xué)原子能專業(yè),turn to表示“轉(zhuǎn)向”,與畫線部分意義一致,故選C項(xiàng)。]
6.How does the author develop the passage
A.By following the time order.
B.By showing the great importance.
C.By providing some similar examples.
D.By explaining the process of research.
答案　A　[寫作手法題。通讀全文可知,第一段引出文章的主題,再結(jié)合第二段中“Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes.”、“In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life.”、第三段中“In 1958,China started to independently develop...”、第四段中“In 1994,he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering”和最后一段中“Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22,2021”可知,文章按照時(shí)間順序講述彭士祿院士的生平,故選A項(xiàng)。]
7.Which of the following is the proper title for the passage
A.China Honors a Nuclear Power Expert
B.Peng Shilu Built Nuclear Submarines
C.China Lost a Famous Nuclear Expert
D.A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to Helping His Country
答案　D　[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段中“In fact,he held...nuclear power stations.”和最后一段中“The Publicity Department of...for his contributions.”可知,從第一代核潛艇到大亞灣和秦山核電站的建設(shè),中國(guó)著名的核動(dòng)力專家彭士祿在中國(guó)早期的大部分核電項(xiàng)目中都擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù),中共中央宣傳部授予他“時(shí)代楷模”稱號(hào),以表彰他的貢獻(xiàn)。因此,D項(xiàng)“一位核英雄致力于幫助他的國(guó)家”最契合彭士祿的人物事跡和貢獻(xiàn),適合作為文章標(biāo)題,故選D項(xiàng)。]
C
The China National Space Administration (CNSA) has successfully collected rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon,which will offer scientists an opportunity to study the lesser-understood lunar face unseen from Earth.
The samples entered Earth’s atmosphere on Tuesday and landed in northern China.They were secured in a re-entry capsule (太空艙) from a larger spacecraft,called Chang’e-6.The entire mission lasted nearly two months and marked a milestone for lunar research.“Chang’e-6 is the first mission in human history to return samples from the far side of the moon,” Long Xiao,a planetary geologist,tells the media.“This is a major event for scientists worldwide.”
Launched on May 3,the Chang’e-6 spacecraft consisted of four modules:an ascender (上升器),an orbiter,a lunar lander and a return capsule.It reached lunar orbit five days later,where it remained for several weeks.On June 1,the lander successfully descended and touched down on the far side of the moon in the South Pole Aitken Basin.Directing the movement of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon is difficult,because the moon blocks radio signals from Earth.To solve this problem,CNSA engineers used two relay satellites,Queqiao and Queqiao-2,launched ahead of this mission,to communicate with the spacecraft.
Once on the moon,Chang’e-6 used a robotic arm to collect 4.3 pounds of lunar material.“Collecting samples from the far side is exciting,as we only have very limited information on the geology there,” says Martin Barstow,an astrophysicist at the University of Leicester in England.The collection of rocks launched from the lunar surface in the spacecraft’s ascender on June 3,then united with the orbiter later.It began its earth-bound journey on June 21,and got to China on June 25.
Scientists hope the lunar soil will offer evidence of the history of the moon,which could also explain that of the Earth.Most lunar basins were formed from asteroid showers 3.9 billion years ago,which also hit the Earth and possibly carried water there.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了嫦娥六號(hào)攜帶月球背面土壤樣品成功返回地球的一大壯舉,為科學(xué)家們提供了一個(gè)研究地球上不太了解的月球表面的機(jī)會(huì)。
8.Which carried the lunar soil back to Earth
A.The orbiter.
B.The lunar lander.
C.The ascender.
D.The return capsule.
答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The samples entered...a larger spacecraft,called Chang’e-6.”可知,這些樣本于周二進(jìn)入地球大氣層,降落在中國(guó)北部。它們被固定在一個(gè)返回艙中,是返回艙攜帶月球土壤樣本返回地球,故選D項(xiàng)。]
9.How long did it take the Chang’e-6 to reach the moon
A.Nearly a month. B.About a week.
C.20 days. D.11 days.
答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Launched on May 3”和“On June 1,the lander...in the South Pole Aitken Basin.”可知,嫦娥六號(hào)于5月3日發(fā)射,6月1日著陸器成功降落在月球背面的南極——艾特肯盆地,約一個(gè)月時(shí)間,故選A項(xiàng)。]
10.What is the function of the relay satellites
A.To prevent the Chang’e-6 spacecraft being harmed.
B.To repair the Chang’e-6 spacecraft in case of emergency.
C.To provide better signals for the Chang’e-6 spacecraft.
D.To better observe the flight of the Chang’e-6 spacecraft.
答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Directing the movement of...with the spacecraft.”可知,中國(guó)航天局的工程師們使用了兩顆中繼衛(wèi)星來與航天器通信,故選C項(xiàng)。]
11.Why is the soil from the far side of the moon important
A.It is the first time to collect lunar soil.
B.It may help scientists know more about the moon.
C.The soil is very rare on the moon.
D.It is made up of at least 100 chemical elements.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“The China National Space...lunar face unseen from Earth.”和第四段中“Collecting samples from...on the geology there”可知,科學(xué)家對(duì)于月球背面不太了解,那里的土壤樣本非常重要是因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)幫助科學(xué)家更多地了解月球,故選B項(xiàng)。]
Ⅱ.七選五(每小題2.5分,共12.5分)
My older brother went to the school chess club at school in Minnesota where we live,so when I started first grade at the age of 6,I also started going too.　1　 After a few months I started getting rated.
　2　 Over the next two years I probably played 200 games at the school club and lost many of them,but through that I got more experience and became pretty good.
I study many parts of chess: opening,strategies and also endgames.　3　 I enjoy positional play in the middle game,but if there are brilliant strategies I can use,I like playing them too.
Every game is different and I think people might not realize that.There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played,so you have to be creative.　4　 After the first two years of playing,when I was 8,I became one of the youngest chess experts in the US.You have to reach a rating of 2,000 to get that title,and I achieved that in September of 2018.I was one of the youngest girls to achieve that and I do not think any other girls have done so since then.
Since then,I have won two gold medals at the World Cadet Chess Championship.In March 2020,I achieved a chess rating of 2,200 and became one of the youngest US chess masters.
I was the youngest player,boy or girl,in the US Junior Championship or the US Girls’ Junior Championship in 2020,which was played online.　5　 It feels great to be playing older and experienced players and I hope I can be as good as some of them one day.It’s the games that I lost to stronger players at last year’s Championships that actually stood out to me,because I try to learn from them.
A.That’s why I like chess.
B.I was drawn into the game.
C.But I was one of the worst players at first.
D.This is because I play chess for fun.
E.I tried to get better at them with practice.
F.I practiced playing chess in my free time.
G.I was the youngest again to compete in 20.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者成為美國(guó)最年輕的國(guó)際象棋大師之一的故事。
1.B　[根據(jù)后文的“After a few months I started getting rated.”作者很快就開始被評(píng)級(jí)了可知,作者進(jìn)步很快,應(yīng)該是喜歡國(guó)際象棋。B選項(xiàng)“我被這個(gè)游戲吸引住了。”符合語(yǔ)境。]
2.C　[根據(jù)下文的“l(fā)ost many of them”可知,作者雖然喜歡國(guó)際象棋,但是在比賽中輸了很多次,C選項(xiàng)“但一開始我是最差的選手之一。”符合語(yǔ)境。]
3.E　[根據(jù)上文的“I study many parts of chess:opening,strategies and also endgames.”可知:作者對(duì)象棋進(jìn)行了深入的研究。E選項(xiàng)“我試著通過練習(xí)把它們做得更好。”符合語(yǔ)境。E選項(xiàng)中的them指上文提到的 opening,strategies and also endgames。]
4.A　[根據(jù)上文的“There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played,so you have to be creative.”可知,玩國(guó)際象棋要有創(chuàng)造性,這是原因,后面順承表示結(jié)果。A選項(xiàng)“這就是我喜歡下棋的原因。”符合語(yǔ)境。]
5.G　[根據(jù)上文的“I was the youngest player...which was played online.”可知,作者是最年輕的選手。G選項(xiàng)“我再次成為20屆比賽中最年輕的選手。”在語(yǔ)意上與其構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。](共84張PPT)
主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)——對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物
UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
大觀念之單元話題:單元中心話題是“有成就的人”,主要介紹了屠呦呦、愛因斯坦等具有卓越成就的人物。通過學(xué)習(xí)本單元內(nèi)容,了解一些著名人物的生平及其偉大成就,探究其獲得成功的原因,學(xué)習(xí)其精神品質(zhì);正確認(rèn)識(shí)“個(gè)人成就”與“社會(huì)價(jià)值”之間的關(guān)系,思考未來的努力方向。
①ceremony / ser m ni/ n.儀式
②perseverance/ p s v r ns/ n.毅力
③foster / f st (r)/ vt.鼓勵(lì);促進(jìn)
④be presented with 被授予
⑤play an increasingly significant role in
發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用
⑥maintain one’s passion 保持激情
類文悅讀·情境導(dǎo)學(xué)
　　山東籍院士薛其坤:從考研挫折到國(guó)家最高科技獎(jiǎng) 寒門學(xué)子書寫量子科學(xué)傳奇
　　China began its annual top awards ceremony① for scientific and technology achievements.President Xi presented China’s top sci－tech award at the national science and technology award conference.
Xue Qikun,president of Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,was presented with④ the State Preeminent (卓越的) Science and Technology Award,China’s top science award.
Also a professor at Tsinghua University and an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xue is considered as an outstanding scientist,whose research achievements play an increasingly significant role in⑤ the development of science.
Despite varying descriptions of Xue,his coworkers were impressed by his diligence,perseverance② and optimism.
Born and raised in a mountainous region in Shandong Province in 1963,Xue said he considered himself “proficient in science since high school” but had only been an average student in college.
He failed the graduate program entrance exam twice before being admitted to the Institute of Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1987.
“Whatever difficulties I encounter,under no circumstances will I acknowledge defeat,” he said last week.
“I am often asked where I draw my strength from and how I maintain my passion⑥,” Xue said.“That’s actually very easy for me.I am already grateful for being born into a great time that values and fosters③ innovation.Just by looking back at how far we’ve come,I feel inspired to keep going.”
Many of us regard him as our model,whose deeds encourage us to follow our passion and strive for our dreams.
文本整體理解
內(nèi)
容
索
引
語(yǔ)篇助解釋疑
課時(shí)測(cè)評(píng)作業(yè)
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking—Comprehending
文 本 整 體 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the picture,predict what this passage is mainly talking about.
答案　Tu Youyou 　　　 　　 for the discovery of 　　　　　　, a substance extracted from sweet wormwood.
was awarded the Nobel Prize
artemisinin
Step Two:While-reading
閱讀策略——找出描述性語(yǔ)言
描述性語(yǔ)言(descriptive words)指描述事物具體狀態(tài)或事件詳細(xì)始末的語(yǔ)言,如對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行定義或?qū)κ挛镞M(jìn)行解釋、介紹、說明的語(yǔ)言。在“TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE”這篇新聞報(bào)道中,作者使用了大量的描述性語(yǔ)言,現(xiàn)舉例進(jìn)行分析。
在第二段第一句中,作者使用形容詞committed和patient描述屠呦呦的品質(zhì),這正解釋了她能夠獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的主觀原因;在介紹研究過程時(shí),作者采用列數(shù)字的方法,如:examined over 2,000 old medical texts、evaluated 280,000 plants和tested380distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments,這些數(shù)字充分展現(xiàn)了研究過程的艱辛、科學(xué)與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Tu Youyou owes her success to her team and traditional Chinese medicine.
Para.2 B.Tu Youyou was awarded Nobel Prize because of discovering artemisinin.
Para.3 C.Tu Youyou’s personal experiences.
Para.4 D.The process of discovering artemisinin.
答案 Para.1 B　Para.2 C　Para.3 D　Para.4 A
2.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Tu Youyou’s problems in discovering artemisinin.
B.Introduction about Tu’s research team.
C.The story behind Tu Youyou’s Nobel Prize and the value of her discovery.
D.Tu Youyou’s personal life.
√
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
research
process
got stuck
that worked
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Tu Youyou win Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
A.Because she saved millions of people around the world.
B.Because she discovered artemisinin which has saved thousands of lives.
C.Because she formed a team to discover a new treatment for malaria.
D.Because she tested countless wormwood and was not afraid of failure.
√
2.What do you think of Tu Youyou
A.She is careful and eager to get the Nobel Prize.
B.She loves her country and her team.
C.She is strict in her work.
D.She is a devoted and patient scientist.
√
3.What can you learn from Tu Youyou’s experiment
A.Science must be proved many times.
B.Scientific work is too boring.
C.Only those who are not afraid of failure can succeed.
D.Scientific conclusions cannot be cut short.
√
4.What caused the discovery of artemisinin according to Tu Youyou
A.Too many patients.
B.Her good education.
C.Team cooperation.
D.Ancient Chinese medical texts.
√
5.Where would you most likely find this passage
A.In a blog. B.In a book.
C.In a letter. D.In a newspaper.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構(gòu)
1.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.
學(xué)會(huì)斷句:這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句為Tu Youyou went to Hainan,表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)　　　　從句, 介詞短語(yǔ)In the beginning作　　　　;動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to study malaria patients作_______狀語(yǔ)。
定語(yǔ)
狀語(yǔ)
目的
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
起初,屠呦呦前往海南研究瘧疾病人,在那兒瘧疾更常見。
2.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.
學(xué)會(huì)斷句:本句是　　　　連接的并列句,句中boiling fresh wormwood和using the liquid作tried的并列　　　　,obtained from this是過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),修飾　　　　。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
but
賓語(yǔ)
liquid
之后,他們嘗試煮沸新鮮的青蒿,使用從中獲得的液體治療瘧疾,但還是不起作用。
Ⅱ.翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂(課文語(yǔ)法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
Tu Youyou 1.　　　　　　 (award) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in October 2015 because of the discovery of artemisinin.
Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated 2. _____________ Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated,she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in
was awarded
from
Beijing.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of 3._________ (scientist) with the objective of 4.　　　　　　(discover) a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 5.　　　　　　 (choose).In 1969,she became the head of the project in Beijing,and decided 6.　　　　　　 (review) ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
scientists
discovering
chosen
to review
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7.__________ (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team overcame numerous difficulties and 8.　　　　　　 (final) succeeded in 1971.This medicine,9.　　　　　　 was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.It is indeed 10.　　　　　　 honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
using
finally
which
an
語(yǔ) 篇 助 解 釋 疑
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to① Tu Youyou (co－winner),[1] whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial② new treatment for③ malaria.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives,and has led to improved health for millions of people.Over 200 million people
[原文呈現(xiàn)]
around the world get malaria each year,and about 600,000 die from it.Artemisinin has become a vital④ part of the treatment for malaria, and [2]is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
[1]此處是whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Tu Youyou,whose在從句中作定語(yǔ);a crucial new treatment for malaria是同位語(yǔ),用來解釋說明artemisinin。
[2]此處是“主語(yǔ)＋be thought＋不定式”句型。
Tu Youyou,a committed⑤ and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo, China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School⑥ in 1955.After she graduated,she worked at the China Academy⑦ of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective⑧ of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among [3]the first researchers chosen. In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,[4]where malaria was more common, to study
malaria patients.In 1969,she became the head⑨ of the project in Beijing,and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical⑩ treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties .From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
[3]chosen是過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),修飾the first researchers。
[4]此處是where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Hainan,where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
[5]此處是v.－ing形式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾one sentence;to treat the wormwood是不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾a different way。
[6]此處是v.－ing形式短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)。
[7]Upon/On (doing)...意為“一……就……”。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,作hearing的賓語(yǔ)。
[8]It是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to be spread around the world。
[名師圈點(diǎn)]
①award sth to sb (＝award sb sth)授予某人某物
②crucial / kru l/ adj.至關(guān)重要的;關(guān)鍵性的
③(a) treatment for...(一種)治療……的方法
④vital / vaItl/ adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機(jī)的
⑤committed /k mItId/ adj.盡心盡力的;堅(jiān)定的;堅(jiān)信的
⑥school /sku l/n.熟詞生義 [C](高等院校的)學(xué)院,系
the business/medical/law school商學(xué)院/醫(yī)學(xué)院/法學(xué)院
⑦academy / k d mi/ n.(藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的)研究院;學(xué)會(huì);專科院校
[派生詞]academic / k demIk/ adj.學(xué)業(yè)的;學(xué)術(shù)的
[拓展]high academic standards高學(xué)術(shù)水平
⑧objective / b d ektIv/ n.目標(biāo);目的(相當(dāng)于goal/aim/purpose) adj.客觀的
[拓展]with the objective/aim/goal of...或for the purpose of...
以……為目標(biāo)
⑨head /hed/n.[C,U]負(fù)責(zé)人,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人(熟詞生義)
⑩botanical /b t nIkl/ adj.植物學(xué)的
[詞鏈]botany (/ b t ni/ n.植物學(xué))→botanist (/ b t n st/ n.植物學(xué)家)→botanical (adj.)
evaluate /I v ljueIt/ vt.評(píng)價(jià);評(píng)估
[派生詞]evaluation / v lju e n/n.評(píng)估,評(píng)價(jià)
property / pr p ti/ n.[C,usually pl.]性質(zhì);特征;[U]財(cái)產(chǎn)
distinct /dI stI kt/ adj.清晰的;清楚的;有區(qū)別的
promise / pr m s/ n.[U]獲得成功的跡象(熟詞生義)
show promise有希望,有前途
suggest doing...建議做……
extract / ekstr kt/ n.[U,C]提取物;[C]摘錄 /Ik str kt/ vt.提取;提煉;摘錄;(用力)拔出
a collection of...一批……;一群……
boil /b Il/ vt.& vi.用沸水煮;(使)沸騰;煮開;燒開 n.[sing.]沸騰;沸點(diǎn)
[拓展]boiling water沸水
boiled water 煮開過的水
liquid / lIkwId/ n.[U,C]液體 adj.液體的;液態(tài)的
[拓展]solid / s l d/ n.[C] 固體 adj.固體的
gas /ɡ s/ n.[C,U]氣體
obtain / b teIn/ vt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得;贏得 vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在;流行
[搭配]obtain...from/through...從……中得到……
work /w k/ vi.起效,起作用(熟詞生義)
get stuck陷入困境;被困住
acknowledge / k n lId / vt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等);(公開)感謝
defeat /dI fi t/ n.[U,C]失敗;挫敗 vt.擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝
analyse (NAmE－ze) / n laIz/ vt.分析
[派生詞]analysis / n l s s/n.[U,C] (pl.analyses)(對(duì)事物的)分析
[拓展]carry out/do an analysis of...對(duì)……進(jìn)行分析
by chance 碰巧;意外地
[同義]by accident偶然地,意外地
[反義]by design/on purpose/purposely故意地
conclude /k n klu d/ vt.斷定,推斷出
apparently / p r ntli/ adv.顯而易見;看來;顯然
[拓展]apparent / p r nt/ adj.顯然,顯而易見
It is apparent that...顯然……
(＝It is clear/obvious/evident that...)
draw out 提煉出,取出
[拓展]draw up 起草,擬訂
draw near接近,靠近
substance / s bst ns/ n.物質(zhì);物品;事實(shí)根據(jù)
insist /In sIst/ vi.& vt.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求
test sth on sb在某人身上試驗(yàn)?zāi)澄?br/>scientific / saI n tIfIk/ adj.科學(xué)(上)的;關(guān)于科學(xué)的
[參考譯文]　 屠呦呦獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)
2015年10月6日
今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?,她的研究促成了青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn),一種治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵新藥物。青蒿素拯救了數(shù)十萬(wàn)人的生命,并改善了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的健康狀況。每年全世界超過兩億人感染瘧疾,大約有60萬(wàn)人死于這種病。青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾至關(guān)重要的成分,被認(rèn)為僅在非洲每年就能拯救10萬(wàn)人的生命。
屠呦呦是一位堅(jiān)定而有耐心的科學(xué)家,1930年12月30日出生于中國(guó)寧波,1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院(今北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部)。畢業(yè)后,她在北京的中國(guó)中醫(yī)科學(xué)院工作。1967年,中國(guó)政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。起初,屠呦呦前往海南研究瘧疾病人,在那兒瘧疾更常見。1969年,她成為北京項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人,并決定查閱古代中醫(yī)文獻(xiàn),尋找這種疾病的傳統(tǒng)植物學(xué)療法。她的團(tuán)隊(duì)查閱了2 000多份古醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn),評(píng)估了28萬(wàn)株植物的藥性。他們?cè)谘芯恐邪l(fā)現(xiàn)并測(cè)試了380種不同的古代中醫(yī)療法,為對(duì)抗瘧疾帶來了希望。
一本四世紀(jì)的醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)推薦使用青蒿提取物來治療發(fā)燒。屠呦呦的團(tuán)隊(duì)試驗(yàn)了一批干青蒿葉,但沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何效果。之后,他們嘗試煮沸新鮮的青蒿,使用從中獲得的液體治療瘧疾,但還是不起作用。他們的項(xiàng)目陷入了困境。然而,屠呦呦不肯承認(rèn)失敗。她再次分析醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn),偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一句話建議用一種不同的方法處理青蒿。她斷定煮沸青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥性。(通過)使用較低的溫度進(jìn)行提取,她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。失敗了190多次之后,這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)終于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員甚至堅(jiān)持以身試藥,以確保藥物的安全性。后來,這種藥在瘧疾患者身上進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn),大多數(shù)患者都康復(fù)了。這種藥很快成為治療瘧疾的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥物,被稱為青蒿素。
依屠呦呦所說,青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是團(tuán)隊(duì)努力的成果。當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí),她說:“榮譽(yù)不只屬于我。我身后有一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì),還有祖國(guó)的所有人民。這一成功證明了中藥的巨大價(jià)值。中國(guó)的科學(xué)研究和中醫(yī)藥能夠在全世界傳播確實(shí)是一種榮譽(yù)。”
課 時(shí) 測(cè) 評(píng) 作 業(yè)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Women Pioneers Who Changed the World
Ali Stroker
Ali Stroker took the theater world—and,indeed,the very Internet—by storm when,on June 9,2019,she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a Tony Award.After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in 2015,she won the award for her powerful performance in the revival of Oklahoma!
Susan B.Anthony
Susan B.Anthony participated in her first women’s rights conference in 1852.Over the next 54 years,she published The Revolution,gave speeches,called the first Woman Suffrage Convention in Washington,D.C.(1869),and was arrested for voting (1872).She was also a vocal advocate for abolishing slavery and improving workers’ rights,higher education for women,and training standardization and registration for nurses.
Anna Bissell
In 1889 Anna Bissell became the CEO of a company,making her the first female CEO in America.She traveled around the country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the Bissell brand.Eventually,she took the brand international.She was also one of the first company heads to give workers pension plans.
Malala Yousafzai
When terrorists began seizing power in her hometown and attacking girls’ schools,Yousafzai gave a speech defending her and all women’s right to an education.She continued to speak out even after her cover was blown and the terrorists issued a death threat.In 2012,a masked gunman boarded the bus and shot her in the head.She survived.In 2014,she became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了四位對(duì)世界作出貢獻(xiàn)的女性先驅(qū)。
1.What is Ali Stroker noted for
A.Her efforts to win a prize.
B.Her Broadway background.
C.Her special art performance.
D.Her wheelchair to perform in.
√
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Ali Stroker相關(guān)內(nèi)容可知,Ali Stroker以其特別的藝術(shù)表演而聞名,故選C項(xiàng)。
2.Which word can best describe Anna Bissell
A.Doubtful. B.Devoted.
C.Stubborn. D.Outgoing.
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章Anna Bissell相關(guān)內(nèi)容可知,Anna Bissell是一位有奉獻(xiàn)精神的女性,故選B項(xiàng)。
√
3.Who made a great contribution to the education for women
A.Ali Stroker and Anna Bissell.
B.Ali Stroker and Malala Yousafzai.
C.Susan B.Anthony and Anna Bissell.
D.Susan B.Anthony and Malala Yousafzai.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Susan B.Anthony中“She was also a vocal advocate...higher education for women”及Malala Yousafzai中“Yousafzai gave a speech...right to an education”可知,Susan B.Anthony和Malala Yousafzai兩位女性對(duì)于女性教育做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn),故選D項(xiàng)。
√
B
Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潛艇),and the other to build nuclear power plants.Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry,Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task.In fact,he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects,from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations.
Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (機(jī)械) in the Soviet Union.In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life.At that time,the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major.Peng willingly agreed,marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power.
In 1958,China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines,and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system.In the 1980s,China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant.Appointed as the director-in-chief,Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction.
During his career,Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles.In 1994,he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,one of the top academic bodies in China.
Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22,2021 at the age of 96.The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)著名的核動(dòng)力專家彭士祿院士的生平事跡和重要貢獻(xiàn)。
4.What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A.Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power.
B.Peng was actually a very modest person.
C.Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants.
D.Peng was the most important figure in the nuclear field.
√
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Despite being one of...role in the task.”可知,盡管彭是中國(guó)核電工業(yè)的奠基人之一,但他說自己在這項(xiàng)任務(wù)中發(fā)揮的作用很小。由此判斷,彭士祿院士是一個(gè)非常謙虛的人,故選B項(xiàng)。
5.What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph mean
A.Focus on. B.Know about.
C.Turn to. D.Research into.
√
解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線部分的上文“Peng was selected to study...point in his life.(彭被選派到蘇聯(lián)學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)機(jī)械。1956年,當(dāng)他即將畢業(yè)時(shí),他面臨著人生的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn))”和下文“the atomic energy major (原子能專業(yè))”可知,彭面臨的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)是放棄自己原來的專業(yè),改學(xué)原子能專業(yè),turn to表示“轉(zhuǎn)向”,與畫線部分意義一致,故選C項(xiàng)。
6.How does the author develop the passage
A.By following the time order.
B.By showing the great importance.
C.By providing some similar examples.
D.By explaining the process of research.
√
解析　寫作手法題。通讀全文可知,第一段引出文章的主題,再結(jié)合第二段中“Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes.”、“In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life.”、第三段中“In 1958,China started to independently develop...”、第四段中“In 1994,he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering”和最后一段中“Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22,2021”可知,文章按照時(shí)間順序講述彭士祿院士的生平,故選A項(xiàng)。
7.Which of the following is the proper title for the passage
A.China Honors a Nuclear Power Expert
B.Peng Shilu Built Nuclear Submarines
C.China Lost a Famous Nuclear Expert
D.A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to Helping His Country
√
解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段中“In fact,he held...nuclear power stations.”和最后一段中“The Publicity Department of...for his contributions.”可知,從第一代核潛艇到大亞灣和秦山核電站的建設(shè),中國(guó)著名的核動(dòng)力專家彭士祿在中國(guó)早期的大部分核電項(xiàng)目中都擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù),中共中央宣傳部授予他“時(shí)代楷模”稱號(hào),以表彰他的貢獻(xiàn)。因此,D項(xiàng)“一位核英雄致力于幫助他的國(guó)家”最契合彭士祿的人物事跡和貢獻(xiàn),適合作為文章標(biāo)題,故選D項(xiàng)。
C
The China National Space Administration (CNSA) has successfully collected rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon,which will offer scientists an opportunity to study the lesser-understood lunar face unseen from Earth.
The samples entered Earth’s atmosphere on Tuesday and landed in northern China.They were secured in a re-entry capsule (太空艙) from a larger spacecraft,called Chang’e-6.The entire mission lasted nearly two months and marked a milestone for lunar research. “Chang’e-6 is the first mission in human history to return samples from the far side of the moon,” Long Xiao,a planetary geologist,tells the media.“This is a major event for scientists worldwide.”
Launched on May 3,the Chang’e-6 spacecraft consisted of four modules:an ascender (上升器),an orbiter,a lunar lander and a return capsule.It reached lunar orbit five days later,where it remained for several weeks.On June 1,the lander successfully descended and touched down on the far side of the moon in the South Pole Aitken Basin.Directing the movement of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon is difficult,because the moon blocks radio signals from Earth.To solve this problem,CNSA engineers used two relay satellites,Queqiao and Queqiao-2,launched ahead of this mission,to communicate with the spacecraft.
Once on the moon,Chang’e-6 used a robotic arm to collect 4.3 pounds of lunar material.“Collecting samples from the far side is exciting,as we only have very limited information on the geology there,” says Martin Barstow,an astrophysicist at the University of Leicester in England.The collection of rocks launched from the lunar surface in the spacecraft’s ascender on June 3,then united with the orbiter later.It began its earth-bound journey on June 21,and got to China on June 25.
Scientists hope the lunar soil will offer evidence of the history of the moon,which could also explain that of the Earth.Most lunar basins were formed from asteroid showers 3.9 billion years ago,which also hit the Earth and possibly carried water there.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了嫦娥六號(hào)攜帶月球背面土壤樣品成功返回地球的一大壯舉,為科學(xué)家們提供了一個(gè)研究地球上不太了解的月球表面的機(jī)會(huì)。
8.Which carried the lunar soil back to Earth
A.The orbiter. B.The lunar lander.
C.The ascender. D.The return capsule.
√
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The samples entered...a larger spacecraft,called Chang’e-6.”可知,這些樣本于周二進(jìn)入地球大氣層,降落在中國(guó)北部。它們被固定在一個(gè)返回艙中,是返回艙攜帶月球土壤樣本返回地球,故選D項(xiàng)。
9.How long did it take the Chang’e-6 to reach the moon
A.Nearly a month. B.About a week.
C.20 days. D.11 days.
√
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Launched on May 3”和“On June 1,the lander...in the South Pole Aitken Basin.”可知,嫦娥六號(hào)于5月3日發(fā)射,6月1日著陸器成功降落在月球背面的南極——艾特肯盆地,約一個(gè)月時(shí)間,故選A項(xiàng)。
10.What is the function of the relay satellites
A.To prevent the Chang’e-6 spacecraft being harmed.
B.To repair the Chang’e-6 spacecraft in case of emergency.
C.To provide better signals for the Chang’e-6 spacecraft.
D.To better observe the flight of the Chang’e-6 spacecraft.
√
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Directing the movement of...with the spacecraft.”可知,中國(guó)航天局的工程師們使用了兩顆中繼衛(wèi)星來與航天器通信,故選C項(xiàng)。
11.Why is the soil from the far side of the moon important
A.It is the first time to collect lunar soil.
B.It may help scientists know more about the moon.
C.The soil is very rare on the moon.
D.It is made up of at least 100 chemical elements.
√
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“The China National Space...lunar face unseen from Earth.”和第四段中“Collecting samples from...on the geology there”可知,科學(xué)家對(duì)于月球背面不太了解,那里的土壤樣本非常重要是因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)幫助科學(xué)家更多地了解月球,故選B項(xiàng)。
Ⅱ.七選五(每小題2.5分,共12.5分)
My older brother went to the school chess club at school in Minnesota where we live,so when I started first grade at the age of 6,I also started going too.　1　 After a few months I started getting rated.
　2　 Over the next two years I probably played 200 games at the school club and lost many of them,but through that I got more experience and became pretty good.
I study many parts of chess: opening,strategies and also endgames.　3　 I enjoy positional play in the middle game,but if there are brilliant strategies I can use,I like playing them too.
Every game is different and I think people might not realize that.There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played,so you have to be creative.　4　 After the first two years of playing,when I was 8,I became one of the youngest chess experts in the US.You have to reach a rating of 2,000 to get that title,and I achieved that in September of 2018.I was one of the youngest girls to achieve that and I do not think any other girls have done so since then.
Since then,I have won two gold medals at the World Cadet Chess Championship.In March 2020,I achieved a chess rating of 2,200 and became one of the youngest US chess masters.
I was the youngest player,boy or girl,in the US Junior Championship or the US Girls’ Junior Championship in 2020,which was played online.　5　 It feels great to be playing older and experienced players and I hope I can be as good as some of them one day.It’s the games that I lost to stronger players at last year’s Championships that actually stood out to me,because I try to learn from them.
A.That’s why I like chess.
B.I was drawn into the game.
C.But I was one of the worst players at first.
D.This is because I play chess for fun.
E.I tried to get better at them with practice.
F.I practiced playing chess in my free time.
G.I was the youngest again to compete in 20.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者成為美國(guó)最年輕的國(guó)際象棋大師之一的故事。
1.B　[根據(jù)后文的“After a few months I started getting rated.”作者很快就開始被評(píng)級(jí)了可知,作者進(jìn)步很快,應(yīng)該是喜歡國(guó)際象棋。B選項(xiàng)“我被這個(gè)游戲吸引住了。”符合語(yǔ)境。]
2.C　[根據(jù)下文的“l(fā)ost many of them”可知,作者雖然喜歡國(guó)際象棋,但是在比賽中輸了很多次,C選項(xiàng)“但一開始我是最差的選手之一。”符合語(yǔ)境。]
3.E　[根據(jù)上文的“I study many parts of chess:opening,strategies and also endgames.”可知:作者對(duì)象棋進(jìn)行了深入的研究。E選項(xiàng)“我試著通過練習(xí)把它們做得更好。”符合語(yǔ)境。E選項(xiàng)中的them指上文提到的 opening,strategies and also endgames。]
4.A　[根據(jù)上文的“There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played,so you have to be creative.”可知,玩國(guó)際象棋要有創(chuàng)造性,這是原因,后面順承表示結(jié)果。A選項(xiàng)“這就是我喜歡下棋的原因。”符合語(yǔ)境。]
5.G　[根據(jù)上文的“I was the youngest player...which was played online.”可知,作者是最年輕的選手。G選項(xiàng)“我再次成為20屆比賽中最年輕的選手。”在語(yǔ)意上與其構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。]
Thanks！
本
講
內(nèi)
容
結(jié)
束

展開更多......

收起↑