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Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
Grammar——句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)
一、掌握七種句子成分
英語句子的成分主要有七種:主語(S)、謂語(V)、賓語(O)、表語(P)、定語(Attr)、狀語(A)和補(足)語(C)。其中,主語和謂語是句子的主要成分,一般情況下,一個句子不能缺少這兩種成分。
1.主語S (subject)
[先感知]
①My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”. (北師大版必修一U1)
②I'm a new senior secondary school student. (北師大版必修一U1)
③To see is to believe.
④It's important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. (北師大版必修一U1)
⑤Smoking is bad for health.
⑥What he has said is true.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①My parents 作主語。句②I作主語。句③To see作主語。句④It做形式主語,真正的主語是:to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media。句⑤Smoking作主語。句⑥What he has said作主語。
[明規(guī)則]
(1)主語是所談及的人、物或事,一般位于句子前面,是謂語所描述動作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者。
(2)主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或主語從句充當。
(3)如果主語太長,為避免頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語。
2.謂語V (verb)
[先感知]
①I just had my first maths class at senior high school! (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
②The class was difficult, but the teacher was kind and friendly. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
③First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. (人教版必修一U1)
④Bob and Lisa will finish the project next week.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①由單一動詞had做謂語。句②復(fù)合謂語:系動詞+表語結(jié)構(gòu)was difficult和was kind and friendly作謂語。句③復(fù)合謂語:情態(tài)動詞+實義動詞結(jié)構(gòu) had to think作謂語。句④復(fù)合謂語:助動詞+實義動詞結(jié)構(gòu):will finish作謂語。
[明規(guī)則]
(1)謂語置于主語之后,描述主語的行為、狀態(tài)或特征,有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的變化。
(2)簡單謂語:動詞(短語)
(3)復(fù)合謂語:“系動詞+表語”或“助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+實義動詞”
3.賓語O(object)
[先感知]
①I joined a volunteer club instead. (人教版必修一U1)
②I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. (人教版必修一U1)
③I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough. (人教版必修一U1)
④The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones:maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. (人教版必修一U1)
⑤Lend me your dictionary, please.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①賓語由名詞短語a volunteer club充當。句②賓語由名詞a way 和the team充當。句③第一分句賓語由不定式短語to join the school football team充當;第二分句me為間接賓語,that I didn't play well enough為直接賓語。句④賓語由賓格代詞me充當,choose the suitable ones:maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese為賓語補(足)語。句⑤me為間接賓語,your dictionary為直接賓語。
[明規(guī)則]
(1)賓語位于及物動詞(短語)或介詞(短語)的后面,表動作、行為的對象。
(2)賓語由名詞(短語)、賓格代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞、不定式(短語)或從句充當。
(3)賓語可分為直接賓語、間接賓語和復(fù)合賓語[賓語+補(足)語]。
(4)直接賓語表動作的承受者,一般指物,間接賓語表動作是為誰或?qū)φl做的,一般指人。
4.表語P(predicative)
[先感知]
①Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won't quit. (人教版必修一U1)
②That remains a puzzle.
③The elephants are in danger.
④That' s why he came here.
⑤My aim is to do well in every subject this term. (北師大版必修一U1)
⑥His favorite sport is swimming.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①表語為形容詞unhappy。句②表語為名詞a puzzle。句③表語為介詞短語in danger。句④表語為從句why he came here。句⑤表語為不定式短語to do well in every subject this term。句⑥表語為動名詞swimming。
[明規(guī)則]
(1)表語一般位于系動詞(如be,become,get,look,feel,grow,turn,keep,seem等)之后。
(2)表語說明主語的特征、屬性和狀態(tài),即主語是“什么”或“怎么樣”。
(3)表語由名詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞(短語)、分詞(短語)、動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)或從句充當。
5.定語Attr. (attributive)
[先感知]
①A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. (人教版必修一U2)
②From there, you'll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. (人教版必修一U2)
③You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. (人教版必修一U2)
④There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. (人教版必修一U4)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①定語由形容詞short充當。句②定語由數(shù)詞one和介詞短語in the middle of the forest充當。句③定語由數(shù)詞three,形容詞local和形容詞短語unique to the rainforest充當。句④定語由形容詞deep和定語從句that appeared in the well walls充當。
[明規(guī)則]
(1)定語可由形容詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞、名詞所有格、不定式(短語)、介詞短語、分詞(短語)或定語從句充當。
(2)定語用來修飾名詞或代詞,分“前置定語+名詞/代詞”和“名詞/代詞+后置定語”兩種情況。單個單詞作定語一般作前置定語;短語結(jié)構(gòu)和定語從句等常作后置定語。
6.狀語A(adverbial)
[先感知]
①The campus was still quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit. (外研版必修一U1)
②I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school. (外研版必修一U1)
③After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived. (外研版必修一U1)
④Fortunately, people are trying different ways of solving those problems.
⑤Tired and hungry, he decided to take a break.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①狀語由副詞still和時間狀語從句when I arrived充當。句②狀語由副詞early和介詞短語in my eagerness to get to know my new school充當。句③狀語由時間狀語從句After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind和副詞finally 充當。句④狀語由副詞Fortunately充當,修飾全句。句⑤狀語由形容詞短語Tired and hungry充當。
[明規(guī)則]
(1)狀語常用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。表時間、地點、方式、原因、目的、結(jié)果等。
(2)狀語常由副詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、形容詞(短語)、分詞(短語)或從句充當。
(3)副詞修飾全句時,常置于句首、句中或句末,多用逗號分開。
(4)形容詞(短語)作狀語強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)或心理感受。
7.補(足)語C(complement)
[先感知]
①His father named him Dongming.
②They painted their boat white.
③Let the fresh air in.
④You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.
⑤We saw her entering the room.
⑥We found everything in the lab in good order.
⑦I want your homework done on time.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①補(足)語由名詞Dongming充當。句②補(足)語由形容詞white充當。句③補(足)語由副詞in充當。句④補(足)語由不定式短語to lend his money to you充當。句⑤補(足)語由現(xiàn)在分詞短語entering the room充當。句⑥補(足)語由介詞短語in good order充當。句⑦補(足)語由過去分詞done 充當。
[明規(guī)則]
(1)補(足)語用以補充說明賓語或主語的意義、狀態(tài)或特征。
(2)可以做補(足)語的有:名詞(短語)、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞(短語)、不定式(短語)。
(3)含有賓語補(足)語的句子在改為被動語態(tài)時,賓語補(足)語就成了主語補(足)語。
小題集訓(xùn)　寫出下列句中加黑部分充當?shù)木渥映煞?br/>①The manager made them work day and night. 賓語補(足)語
②A lot of green lands have been opened to the public. 謂語
③The best method of keeping fit is to do exercise. 表語
④They lived in the room above. 定語
⑤He gave me a basket full of eggs. 定語
⑥To be or not to be is a question. 主語
⑦The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday. 賓語補(足)語
⑧Is he the man who wants to see you 定語
⑨This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends. 賓語
⑩If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 狀語
二、精通八種句子結(jié)構(gòu)
[先感知]
感知以下句子,并把句子序號寫在相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)后面
①...I'm a little anxious right now. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
②I want to make a good first impression. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
③He even told us a funny story... (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
④I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑤There's a lot to explore at senior high. (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑥What happened in the chemistry class (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑦I just had my first maths class at senior high school! (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑧All of us laughed (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
主語+謂語(S+V) ⑧
主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+P) ①
主語+謂語+賓語+狀語(S+V+O+A) ⑦
主語+謂語+狀語(S+V+A) ⑥
存現(xiàn)句(There be句型) ⑤
主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語(S+V+O+C) ④
主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO) ③
主語+謂語+賓語(S+V+O) ②
[明規(guī)則]
1.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(SV)
(1)此類句型的謂語動詞是不及物動詞(短語)。
(2)常見的不及物動詞(短語)有:rise、matter、begin、come、go、happen、appear、work、take place等。
①Class begins.開始上課。
②The red sun is rising.紅日正冉冉升起。
③What he will say does not matter.
他會說什么并不重要。
2.主(系)表結(jié)構(gòu)[S(V)P]
(1)系動詞必須加一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語,才能表達完整意思。
(2)此類動詞(短語)大致分四類:
①“狀態(tài)”類:be、keep、remain、stay等
②“感官”類:look、sound、feel、smell、taste等
③“變成”類:get、grow、become、turn、go、fall、come等
④“結(jié)果”類:prove、turn out等
(3)表語由名詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞,介詞短語、分詞(短語)、動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)或從句充當。
①Some girls are very excited.
一些女孩非常興奮。
②Your story sounds interesting.
你的故事聽起來有趣。
③His face turned red.
他的臉變成了紅色。
④The weather turned out (to be) fine.
結(jié)果天氣很好。
⑤The baby fell asleep soon.
嬰兒很快就睡著了。
⑥His advice is of great help.
他的建議很有幫助。
⑦My father's hope is that I can go home frequently.
我父親的希望是我能經(jīng)常回家。
3.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(SVO)
(1)該句型的謂語動詞是一個及物動詞(短語)。
(2)用作賓語的有:名詞(短語)、賓格代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句等。
The students have known the answer.
學(xué)生們已經(jīng)知道了答案。
He refused to help them.
他拒絕幫助他們。
4.主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)(SVOO或SVIODO)
(1)此類謂語動詞必須跟兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。一個通常指人(間接賓語);一個通常指物(直接賓語)。如果要把直接賓語提前,就需要加適當?shù)慕樵~。
(2)間接賓語之前用介詞to的動詞有g(shù)ive、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、order等。
(3)間接賓語之前用介詞for的動詞有buy,fetch,save,choose,sing等。
①He gave me an apple.
=He gave an apple to me.
他給了我一個蘋果。
②He offered me his seat.
=He offered his seat to me.
他把他的座位讓給了我。
③Father bought me a book.
=Father bought a book for me.
父親給我買了一本書。
5.主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)(SVOC)
(1)此句型特點是:此類及物動詞后面,要用一個“賓語+賓語補(足)語”,才能使意思完整。
(2)做賓語補(足)語的可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)、過去分詞(短語)、不定式(短語)等。
(3)該句式常用于三類動詞:①使役動詞keep、make、let、have、leave、get等;②感官動詞(短語)see、watch、notice、observe、find、catch、look at、listen to、hear、feel、smell等;③ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade...sb to do sth等。
①We made Tom our monitor.
我們選湯姆當班長。
②We are making our school more beautiful.
我們正把我們的學(xué)校變得更美麗。
③The man had the light burning [all the night].
這個人讓燈亮了一夜。
④The manager made the workers work[12 hours a day].
經(jīng)理讓工人們一天工作12小時。
6.主謂狀(SVA)
此類句型是在句式主謂(SV)的基礎(chǔ)上,接副詞、形容詞(短語)、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)、介詞短語、從句等作狀語。
①The children are listening [quietly].
孩子們在靜靜地聽著。
②Robot cooks will appear [in our families] [in the future].
機器人廚師未來將出現(xiàn)在我們的家庭中。
7.主謂賓狀(SVOA)
此句型是在句型主謂賓(SVO)的基礎(chǔ)上,加以副詞、形容詞(短語)、不定式(短語)、介詞短語、分詞(短語)、從句等作狀語。
①The man raised his arms [above his head].
那人把手臂舉過他的頭頂。
②She was doing her homework [at 8:00 last night].
昨晚8點她正在做作業(yè)。
8.存現(xiàn)句(There be句型)
“There be句型”表示“某地存在某人或某物”,因此又被稱作存現(xiàn)句,其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒詞義,be是謂語動詞,有時態(tài)變化,there be后的名詞是句子的主語。
①There is a pen [in the box].
盒子里有一支鋼筆。
②There are not any girls [in the room].
房間里沒有一個女孩。
③There have been many great changes [in our country] [since then].
自從那時以來,我國發(fā)生了很多巨大變化。
小題集訓(xùn)　寫出下列句子所屬的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)
①This kind of food tastes terrible. S(V)P
②He studies hard. SVA
③There are several books on the desks. There be句型
④He made me very angry. SVOC
⑤I visited many places of interest with my family last week. SVOA
⑥Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow. SVOO或SV IO DO
1.focus n.焦點,重點 vt.& vi.集中　·focused adj.注意力集中的
教材原文　Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
設(shè)定目標會讓你專注生活。
感知　語言先輸入
①The meeting will focus on the latest developments in artificial intelligence technology.
②Focused and determined, she worked tirelessly to achieve her goals.(動作描寫)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)focus on　　　 集中于……;關(guān)注……
focus one's attention on...=put one's heart into... 集中注意力于……
(2)the focus of attention 關(guān)注的焦點
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It is the focused (focus)mind that achieves great things, not the wandering one.
②By focusing on the most critical issues, we can make significant progress.
③As a result of his strange clothes,he became the focus of attention at once when he entered the office.
④The teacher reminded the students to focus their attention on the lecture.
老師提醒學(xué)生要集中注意力聽講。
2.base vt.以……為基礎(chǔ)(依據(jù))n.根據(jù);基礎(chǔ);基底;總部,大本營
·based adj.以……為基礎(chǔ),為根據(jù)　 ·basis n.原因,緣由;基準,準則;方式;基礎(chǔ)
·basic adj.基本的;基礎(chǔ)的　 ·basically adv.大體上;基本上
教材原文　Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
相反,你應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的能力和技能來設(shè)定目標。
感知　語言先輸入
①You should base your career choices on your interests, skills, and passions.
②The basic methods of learning English are listening, speaking, reading, and writing more. (英語學(xué)習(xí))
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)base...on/upon...　　　 把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上
be based on/upon 以……為根據(jù)(基礎(chǔ))
(2)on the basis of 在……的基礎(chǔ)上
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①I am writing to inform you of some basic(base) table manners,which can ensure that your visit to your friend is enjoyable. (告知信)
②Spoken English Club members make it a habit to communicate with each other in English on a daily basis.On the basis of/Based on/upon much practice,they have gradually spoken fluent English.
英語口語俱樂部的成員把每天用英語彼此交流當成習(xí)慣。基于大量的練習(xí),他們逐漸講出了一口流利的英語。
3.remind vt.提醒,使想起　·reminder n.引起回憶的事物;提醒人的事物
教材原文　This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
這會提醒你為了什么而努力并且讓你精力集中。
感知　語言先輸入
①This ancient building reminds people of the long history of this city.
②The old photograph served as a reminder of their long-lasting friendship.
記牢　知識再梳理
remind sb to do sth　　　 提醒某人做某事
remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
remind sb that... 提醒某人……
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Mobile phone alarms are the reminders(remind) we commonly use in our daily lives.
②提醒我明天早上早起,因為我有一個重要的面試。
Remind me to get up early tomorrow morning, as I have an important interview.
③It was the song that reminded me of my childhood.
正是那首歌勾起了我對童年的回憶。
4.as a result of由于
教材原文　As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.
由于你的行動,你的夢想將會成真,你將有希望過上幸福的生活。
感知　語言先輸入
①The young man never cared about details.As a result,he made a big mistake.
=The young man made a big mistake as a result of never caring about details.
②His failure in this exam resulted from his not working hard enough.
記牢　知識再梳理
as a result　　　　 結(jié)果,因此
result in 導(dǎo)致
result from 由……引起,起因于……
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Our inactive participation results from the boring topics in the oral English class.
=The boring topics in the oral English class result in our inactive participation.
②As a result of my hard work,I made enough money,bought my mother a gift and realized my dream.
由于我的努力工作,我賺了足夠的錢,給我的母親買了一份禮物,并實現(xiàn)了我的夢想。
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
[基礎(chǔ)語境練]
維度一　基礎(chǔ)題——指出下列加黑部分是什么句子成分。(每小題1分,共10分)
1.Studying English is very important. 主語
2.Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 表語
3.Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets. 補(足)語
4.The patients expressed their gratitude to the doctor. 謂語
5.My classmates enjoy reading English novels in their spare time. 賓語
6.He sat there,saying nothing. 狀語
7.The girl in a yellow dress came to ask me for advice. 定語
8.To get a good view, he climbed to the top of the hill. 狀語
9.His job is to train swimmers. 表語
10.He noticed a man enter the room. 補(足)語
維度二　語法與寫作——用給出的句子結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯句子(每小題2分,共16分)
1.你將會成功。(主語+謂語)
You will succeed.
2.你可以加入一個俱樂部。(主語+謂語+賓語)
You can join a club.
3.你的高中生活將會更具挑戰(zhàn)性。 (主語+系動詞+表語)
Your senior high school life will be more challenging.
4.我們將會給你更多的獨立性。 (主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)
We will give you more independence.
5.你會發(fā)現(xiàn)高中和初中不一樣。 (主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語)
You will find senior high school different from junior high school.
6.所有的學(xué)生都在大廳坐著。(主語+謂語+狀語)
All the students are sitting in the hall.
7.你將會在高中享受個人成長。 (主語+謂語+賓語+狀語)
You will enjoy personal growth in high school.
8.這個世界還有很多未知等著我們?nèi)ヌ剿鳌?[存現(xiàn)句(There be句型)]
There are many unexplained things waiting for us to explore.
維度三　語法與語篇——寫出畫線句子的句子結(jié)構(gòu)(每小題2分,共10分)
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tom,1.that dream has come true!This term,2.Tom and his classmates are living on a ship!They take the same subjects as you do,like maths and English.3.They also learn about the ships and the sea.4.Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.Tom loves living on the ship.And after a long day of study,he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.5.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
1.主語+謂語
2.主語+謂語+狀語
3.主語+謂語+賓語
4.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
5.主語+系動詞+表語
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
(2025·江蘇常州高一月考)
Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (課程) In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools.Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject.
But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).
Martial arts provide not just a physical work-out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful.Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊).Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures—something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies.Martial arts also strengthen muscles, and improve flexibility and balance.Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives.
However, some have been keen to point out that, yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be a challenge.They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (強制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武術(shù)館) to find out.But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述的是武術(shù)是否應(yīng)該被列入學(xué)校的主要課程。
1.What's the topic of this text
A.What martial arts are.
B.Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum.
C.Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school.
D.How martial arts work for schools.
答案　B　[主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (課程) ”可知,本文主要的話題是武術(shù)是否應(yīng)該列入學(xué)校課程。故選B。]
2.Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum
A.Self-defense is not taught at schools.
B.Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world.
C.It provides physical and mental benefits.
D.It can help prevent physical damage.
答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Martial arts...and self-esteem (自尊).”可知,把武術(shù)加入課程是因為它對身體和精神都有好處。故選C。]
3.What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the underlined phrase “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph
A.Building a dojo and finding the trainers.
B.Teaching martial arts and the physical damage.
C.Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap.
D.Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts.
答案　D　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“They believe it is a...to find out.”可知,chicken和egg分別指的是缺乏訓(xùn)練師和沒有必修的武術(shù)課程。故選D。]
4.What is the author's attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum
A.Unclear. B.Uninterested.
C.Disliking. D.Negative.
答案　A　[觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段“But after new research...self-defense and discipline (自律).”和最后一段“However, some have...to be a challenge.”可知,本文只是客觀陳述人們對武術(shù)是否該成為學(xué)校課程的不同觀點,并沒有表明自己的觀點,所以作者對在課程中增加武術(shù)的態(tài)度是不清楚的。故選A。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
(2025·福州高一上期中)
Our school, Chairo Technical School in Australia, has a strong service idea that covers two of
1.　　　　　　 (we) core values, namely “l(fā)ife-long learning” and “l(fā)ife-long serving”.All the students are encouraged to become 2.　　　　　　 (active) involved in these programs and many opportunities exist at all the 3.　　　　　　 (level) through the country.
Teams of teachers and students from the school 4.　　　　　　 (send) to every part across the whole country and other countries regularly to participate 5.　　　　　　 different programs, including a regular English teaching tour of our sister school in China.As a school we are always seeking different service opportunities, 6.　　　　　　 will encourage our students to devote their time and efforts to
7.　　　　　　 (assist) those more needy than themselves.
As 8.　　　　　　 matter of fact, many programs 9.　　　　　　 (aim) at helping the needy and elderly within our local communities also occur throughout each year, including an annual activity, Service Week.While these programs do assist those in need, it is also exciting to see the
10.　　　　　　 (person) growth that occurs among our participating students.The real-life experiences strengthen our teamwork effectively in order to better serve the society for life.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞的Chairo Technical School的服務(wù)觀念和活動,鼓勵學(xué)生參與各種服務(wù)項目,致力于幫助那些有需要的人,并通過實踐活動促進學(xué)生的成長和團隊合作能力。
1.our　[考查代詞。句意:我們學(xué)校,澳大利亞的Chairo技術(shù)學(xué)校,有著強烈的服務(wù)理念,涵蓋了我們的兩個核心價值觀,即“終身學(xué)習(xí)”和“終身服務(wù)”。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用we的形容詞性物主代詞our作定語。故填our。]
2.actively　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:鼓勵所有學(xué)生積極參與這些項目,并且在全國各地,各個層級都存在許多機會。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用active的副詞actively作狀語,修飾形容詞involved,意為“積極地”。故填actively。]
3.levels　[考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意同上。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用名詞作賓語,level意為“級別,層次”,此處表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填levels。]
4.are sent　[考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:學(xué)校的教師和學(xué)生團隊定期被派往全國各地和其他國家參加不同的項目,包括我們在中國的姐妹學(xué)校的定期英語教學(xué)之旅。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用動詞作謂語,根據(jù)句意以及regularly可知,句子表述客觀事實,故使用一般現(xiàn)在時。同時Teams of teachers and students為復(fù)數(shù),且與send之間是被動關(guān)系,故使用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填are sent。]
5.in　[考查介詞。句意同上。句中participate in為固定短語,意為“參與”。故填in。]
6.which　[考查定語從句。句意:作為一所學(xué)校,我們一直在尋找不同的服務(wù)機會,這將鼓勵我們的學(xué)生投入時間和精力去幫助那些比自己更有需要的人。分析句子,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,修飾先行詞service opportunities,為物,故使用which。故填which。]
7.assisting　[考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。devote their time and efforts to 中to為介詞,設(shè)空處使用動名詞作賓語。故填assisting。]
8.a　[考查冠詞。句意:事實上,每年都有許多旨在幫助當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)貧困人口和老年人的項目,包括年度活動“服務(wù)周”。句中as a matter of fact為固定短語,意為“實際上”。故填a。]
9.aimed　[考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。分析句子,occur為謂語動詞,設(shè)空處使用非謂語動詞。be aimed at意為“旨在”,此處省略be,用過去分詞作后置定語。故填aimed。]
10.personal　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:雖然這些項目確實幫助了那些有需要的人,但看到我們參與(這些項目)的學(xué)生的個人成長,也是令人興奮的。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用person的形容詞personal作定語,修飾名詞growth。故填personal。](共87張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
內(nèi)
容
索
引
語法知識過關(guān)
語言知識精析
課時精練
語 法 知 識 過 關(guān)
Grammar——句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)
一、掌握七種句子成分
英語句子的成分主要有七種:主語(S)、謂語(V)、賓語(O)、表語(P)、定語(Attr)、狀語(A)和補(足)語(C)。其中,主語和謂語是句子的主要成分,一般情況下,一個句子不能缺少這兩種成分。
1.主語S (subject)
[先感知]
①My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”.(北師大版必修一U1)
②I’m a new senior secondary school student.(北師大版必修一U1)
③To see is to believe.
④It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media.(北師大版必修一U1)
⑤Smoking is bad for health.
⑥What he has said is true.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①　　　　　　　　 作主語。句②　　　　　　作主語。句
③　　　　　　作主語。句④　　　　　做形式主語,真正的主語是: 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
句⑤　 　　　作主語。句⑥　 　　　　　作主語。
My parents
I
To see
It
to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media
Smoking
What he has said
[明規(guī)則]
(1)主語是所談及的人、物或事,一般位于句子前面,是謂語所描述動作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者。
(2)主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或主語從句充當。
(3)如果主語太長,為避免頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語。
2.謂語V (verb)
[先感知]
①I just had my first maths class at senior high school! (人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
②The class was difficult, but the teacher was kind and friendly.(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
③First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.(人教版必修一U1)
④Bob and Lisa will finish the project next week.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①由單一動詞　　　　　　做謂語。句②復(fù)合謂語:系動詞+表語結(jié)構(gòu)　　　　　　　　和　　　　　　　　　　作謂語。句③復(fù)合謂語:情態(tài)動詞+實義動詞結(jié)構(gòu) 　　　　　　　　作謂語。句④復(fù)合謂語:助動詞+實義動詞結(jié)構(gòu):　　　　　　　　　　作謂語。
had
was difficult
was kind and friendly
had to think
will finish
[明規(guī)則]
(1)謂語置于主語之后,描述主語的行為、狀態(tài)或特征,有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的變化。
(2)簡單謂語:動詞(短語)
(3)復(fù)合謂語:“系動詞+表語”或“助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+實義動詞”
3.賓語O(object)
[先感知]
①I joined a volunteer club instead.(人教版必修一U1)
②I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.(人教版必修一U1)
③I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough.(人教版必修一U1)
④The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones:maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese.(人教版必修一U1)
⑤Lend me your dictionary, please.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①賓語由名詞短語　　　　　　　　　　　充當。句②賓語由名詞　　　　　　 和　　　　　充當。句③第一分句賓語由不定式短語　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 充當;第二分句　　　　　　為間接賓語,　　　　 　　　　　　　為直接賓語。 句④賓語由賓格代詞　　　　　　充當,choose the suitable ones:maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese為賓語補(足)語。句
⑤　　　　　　為間接賓語,　　　　　　　為直接賓語。
a volunteer club
a way
the team
to join the school football team
me
that I didn’t play well enough
me
me
your dictionary
[明規(guī)則]
(1)賓語位于及物動詞(短語)或介詞(短語)的后面,表動作、行為的對象。
(2)賓語由名詞(短語)、賓格代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞、不定式(短語)或從句充當。
(3)賓語可分為直接賓語、間接賓語和復(fù)合賓語[賓語+補(足)語]。
(4)直接賓語表動作的承受者,一般指物,間接賓語表動作是為誰或?qū)φl做的,一般指人。
4.表語P(predicative)
[先感知]
①Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won’t quit.(人教版必修一U1)
②That remains a puzzle.
③The elephants are in danger.
④That’ s why he came here.
⑤My aim is to do well in every subject this term.(北師大版必修一U1)
⑥His favorite sport is swimming.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①表語為形容詞　　　　　　。句②表語為名詞　　　　　　　　　　　。句③表語為介詞短語 　　　　　　。句④表語為從句　　　　　　　　　　。句⑤表語為不定式短語 　 　　　　　　　　　　　。 句⑥表語為動名詞　　　　　　。
unhappy
a puzzle
in danger
why he came here
to do well in every subject this term
swimming
[明規(guī)則]
(1)表語一般位于系動詞(如be,become,get,look,feel,grow,turn, keep,seem等)之后。
(2)表語說明主語的特征、屬性和狀態(tài),即主語是“什么”或“怎么樣”。
(3)表語由名詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞(短語)、分詞(短語)、動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)或從句充當。
5.定語Attr. (attributive)
[先感知]
①A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest.(人教版必修一U2)
②From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest.(人教版必修一U2)
③You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.
(人教版必修一U2)
④There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
(人教版必修一U4)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①定語由形容詞　　 　充當。句②定語由數(shù)詞　　　　和介詞短語　　　　　 　　充當。句③定語由數(shù)詞　　　　　　,形容詞　　　　和形容詞短語　　　 　　　　充當。句④定語由形容詞　　　和定語從句 　　 　　　充當。
short
one
in the middle of the forest
three
local
unique to the rainforest
deep
that appeared in the well walls
[明規(guī)則]
(1)定語可由形容詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞、名詞所有格、不定式(短語)、介詞短語、分詞(短語)或定語從句充當。
(2)定語用來修飾名詞或代詞,分“前置定語+名詞/代詞”和“名詞/代詞+后置定語”兩種情況。單個單詞作定語一般作前置定語;短語結(jié)構(gòu)和定語從句等常作后置定語。
6.狀語A(adverbial)
[先感知]
①The campus was still quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit.(外研版必修一U1)
②I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school.(外研版必修一U1)
③After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived.(外研版必修一U1)
④Fortunately, people are trying different ways of solving those problems.
⑤Tired and hungry, he decided to take a break.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①狀語由副詞　　　　　和時間狀語從句　　　　　 　　充
當。句②狀語由副詞　 　　　　　　　和介詞短語
　 　　　　　　　充當。句③狀語由時間狀語從句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 和副詞　　　　　　 充當。句④狀語由副詞　　　　　　充當,修飾全句。句⑤狀語由形容詞短語　　 　　　　　充當。
still
when I arrived
early
in my eagerness to get to know my new school
After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind
finally
Fortunately
Tired and hungry
[明規(guī)則]
(1)狀語常用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。表時間、地點、方式、原因、目的、結(jié)果等。
(2)狀語常由副詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、形容詞(短語)、分詞(短語)或從句充當。
(3)副詞修飾全句時,常置于句首、句中或句末,多用逗號分開。
(4)形容詞(短語)作狀語強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)或心理感受。
7.補(足)語C(complement)
[先感知]
①His father named him Dongming.
②They painted their boat white.
③Let the fresh air in.
④You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
⑤We saw her entering the room.
⑥We found everything in the lab in good order.
⑦I want your homework done on time.
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
句①補(足)語由名詞　　　　　　充當。句②補(足)語由形容詞
　　　　　　充當。句③補(足)語由副詞　　　　　　充當。句④補(足)語由不定式短語　　　　　　 　　　　充當。句⑤補(足)語由現(xiàn)在分詞短語　　　　　　　　　　　　　　充當。句⑥補(足)語由介詞短語　　　　　　　　　　充當。句⑦補(足)語由過去分詞
　　　　　　 充當。
Dongming
white
in
to lend his money to you
entering the room
in good order
done
[明規(guī)則]
(1)補(足)語用以補充說明賓語或主語的意義、狀態(tài)或特征。
(2)可以做補(足)語的有:名詞(短語)、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞(短語)、不定式(短語)。
(3)含有賓語補(足)語的句子在改為被動語態(tài)時,賓語補(足)語就成了主語補(足)語。
小題集訓(xùn)　寫出下列句中加黑部分充當?shù)木渥映煞?br/>　①The manager made them work day and night.　　　　　
　②A lot of green lands have been opened to the public.　　　　　
　③The best method of keeping fit is to do exercise.　　　　　
　④They lived in the room above.　　　　　
　⑤He gave me a basket full of eggs.　　　　　
賓語補(足)語
謂語
表語
定語
定語
⑥To be or not to be is a question.　　　　　
⑦The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.　　　　　
⑧Is he the man who wants to see you 　　　　　
⑨This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends.　　　　　
⑩If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
　　　　　
主語
賓語補(足)語
定語
賓語
狀語
二、精通八種句子結(jié)構(gòu)
[先感知]
感知以下句子,并把句子序號寫在相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)后面
①...I’m a little anxious right now.(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
②I want to make a good first impression.
(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
③He even told us a funny story...(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
④I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑤There’s a lot to explore at senior high.(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑥What happened in the chemistry class
(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑦I just had my first maths class at senior high school!
(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
⑧All of us laughed(人教版必修一Welcome Unit)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]
⑧
①
⑦
⑥
⑤
④
③
②
主語+謂語(S+V)
主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+P)
主語+謂語+賓語+狀語(S+V+O+A)
主語+謂語+狀語(S+V+A)
存現(xiàn)句(There be句型)
主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語(S+V+O+C)
主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)
主語+謂語+賓語(S+V+O)
[明規(guī)則]
1.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(SV)
2.主(系)表結(jié)構(gòu)[S(V)P]
(1)系動詞必須加一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語,才能表達完整意思。
(2)此類動詞(短語)大致分四類:
①“狀態(tài)”類:be、keep、remain、stay等
②“感官”類:look、sound、feel、smell、taste等
③“變成”類:get、grow、become、turn、go、fall、come等
④“結(jié)果”類:prove、turn out等
3.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(SVO)
4.主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)(SVOO或SVIODO)
(1)此類謂語動詞必須跟兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。一個通常指人(間接賓語);一個通常指物(直接賓語)。如果要把直接賓語提前,就需要加適當?shù)慕樵~。
(2)間接賓語之前用介詞to的動詞有g(shù)ive、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、order等。
5.主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)(SVOC)
(1)此句型特點是:此類及物動詞后面,要用一個“賓語+賓語補(足)語”,才能使意思完整。
(2)做賓語補(足)語的可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)、過去分詞(短語)、不定式(短語)等。
(3)該句式常用于三類動詞:①使役動詞keep、make、let、have、leave、get等;②感官動詞(短語)see、watch、notice、observe、find、catch、look at、listen to、hear、feel、smell等;③ask/tell/order/　request/permit/persuade...sb to do sth等。
6.主謂狀(SVA)
7.主謂賓狀(SVOA)
8.存現(xiàn)句(There be句型)
小題集訓(xùn)　寫出下列句子所屬的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)
S(V)P
①This kind of food tastes terrible.　　　　　
②He studies hard.　　　　　
③There are several books on the desks.　　　　　
④He made me very angry.　　　　　
⑤I visited many places of interest with my family last week. 　 　　
⑥Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow.
　 　　　　
SVA
There be句型
SVOC
SVOA
SVOO或SV IO DO
語 言 知 識 精 析
1.focus n.焦點,重點 vt.& vi.集中　·focused adj.注意力集中的
教材原文　Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
設(shè)定目標會讓你專注生活。
感知　語言先輸入
①The meeting will focus on the latest developments in artificial intelligence technology.
②Focused and determined, she worked tirelessly to achieve her goals.(動作描寫)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)focus on　　　 集中于……;關(guān)注……
focus one’s attention on...=put one’s heart into...
集中注意力于……
(2)the focus of attention關(guān)注的焦點
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It is the 　　　　　　(focus)mind that achieves great things, not the wandering one.
②By focusing 　　　　　　the most critical issues, we can make significant progress.
③As a result of his strange clothes,he became the focus
　　　　　　attention at once when he entered the office.
④The teacher reminded the students 　　　　 　　　　the lecture. 老師提醒學(xué)生要集中注意力聽講。
focused
on
of
to focus their attention on
2.base vt.以……為基礎(chǔ)(依據(jù))n.根據(jù);基礎(chǔ);基底;總部,大本營
·based adj.以……為基礎(chǔ),為根據(jù)　·basis n.原因,緣由;基準,準則;方式;基礎(chǔ)　·basic adj.基本的;基礎(chǔ)的　·basically adv.大體上;基本上
教材原文　Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
相反,你應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的能力和技能來設(shè)定目標。
感知　語言先輸入
①You should base your career choices on your interests, skills, and passions.
②The basic methods of learning English are listening, speaking, reading, and writing more.(英語學(xué)習(xí))
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)base...on/upon...　　　 把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上
be based on/upon 以……為根據(jù)(基礎(chǔ))
(2)on the basis of 在……的基礎(chǔ)上
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①I am writing to inform you of some 　　　　　　　 (base) table manners,which can ensure that your visit to your friend is enjoyable.(告知信)
basic
②Spoken English Club members make it a habit to communicate with each other in English 　　　　　　　　 　　.
　　　　　　　　　　 　　　,they have gradually spoken fluent English.
英語口語俱樂部的成員把每天用英語彼此交流當成習(xí)慣。基于大量的練習(xí),他們逐漸講出了一口流利的英語。
on a daily basis
On the basis of/Based on/upon much practice
3.remind vt.提醒,使想起　·reminder n.引起回憶的事物;提醒人的
事物
教材原文　This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
這會提醒你為了什么而努力并且讓你精力集中。
感知　語言先輸入
①This ancient building reminds people of the long history of this city.
②The old photograph served as a reminder of their long-lasting friendship.
記牢　知識再梳理
remind sb to do sth　　　 提醒某人做某事
remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
remind sb that... 提醒某人……
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Mobile phone alarms are the 　　　　　　 (remind) we commonly use in our daily lives.
reminders
②提醒我明天早上早起,因為我有一個重要的面試。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, as I have an important interview.
③It was the song that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
正是那首歌勾起了我對童年的回憶。
Remind me to get up early tomorrow morning
reminded me of my childhood
4.as a result of由于
教材原文　As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.
由于你的行動,你的夢想將會成真,你將有希望過上幸福的生活。
感知　語言先輸入
①The young man never cared about details.As a result,he made a big mistake.
=The young man made a big mistake as a result of never caring about details.
②His failure in this exam resulted from his not working hard enough.
記牢　知識再梳理
as a result　　　　 結(jié)果,因此
result in 導(dǎo)致
result from 由……引起,起因于……
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Our inactive participation results 　　　　 the boring topics in the oral English class.
=The boring topics in the oral English class result 　　　　　our inactive participation.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I made enough money,bought my mother a gift and realized my dream.
由于我的努力工作,我賺了足夠的錢,給我的母親買了一份禮物,并實現(xiàn)了我的夢想。
from
in
As a result of my hard work
課 時 精 練
基礎(chǔ)語境練
素能提升練
[基礎(chǔ)語境練]
維度一　基礎(chǔ)題——指出下列加黑部分是什么句子成分。(每小題1分,共10分)
1.Studying English is very important.　　　　　　　
2.Chinese people are brave and hard-working.　　　　　　　
3.Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets.
　　　　　　　
主語
表語
補(足)語
4.The patients expressed their gratitude to the doctor.　　　　　　
5.My classmates enjoy reading English novels in their spare time.
　　　　　　
6.He sat there,saying nothing.　　　　　　　
7.The girl in a yellow dress came to ask me for advice.　　　　　　
8.To get a good view, he climbed to the top of the hill.　　　　　　　
9.His job is to train swimmers.　　　　　　　
10.He noticed a man enter the room.　　　　　　　
謂語
賓語
狀語
定語
狀語
表語
補(足)語
維度二　語法與寫作——用給出的句子結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯句子(每小題2分,共16分)
1.你將會成功。(主語+謂語)
　　 　　　　　　
2.你可以加入一個俱樂部。(主語+謂語+賓語)
　　 　　　　　　
3.你的高中生活將會更具挑戰(zhàn)性。(主語+系動詞+表語)
　　 　　　　　　
You will succeed.
You can join a club.
Your senior high school life will be more challenging.
4.我們將會給你更多的獨立性。(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)
　　 　　　　　　
5.你會發(fā)現(xiàn)高中和初中不一樣。(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語)
　　 　　 　　　　
6.所有的學(xué)生都在大廳坐著。(主語+謂語+狀語)
　　 　　　　　　
We will give you more independence.
You will find senior high school different from junior high school.
All the students are sitting in the hall.
7.你將會在高中享受個人成長。(主語+謂語+賓語+狀語)
　　 　　　　　　
8.這個世界還有很多未知等著我們?nèi)ヌ剿鳌存現(xiàn)句(There be句型)]
　　 　　　　　 　
You will enjoy personal growth in high school.
There are many unexplained things waiting for us to explore.
維度三　語法與語篇——寫出畫線句子的句子結(jié)構(gòu)(每小題2分,共10分)
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tom,1.that dream has come true!This term,2.Tom and his classmates are living on a ship!They take the same subjects as you do,like maths and English.3.They also learn about the ships and the sea.4.Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what
happened on the ship.Tom loves living on the ship.And after a long day of study,he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.5.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　 　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　　 4.　 　　　　　 　
5.　　　　　　　
主語+謂語
主語+謂語+狀語
主語+謂語+賓語
主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
主語+系動詞+表語
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
(2025·江蘇常州高一月考)
Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (課程) In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools.Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject.
But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).
Martial arts provide not just a physical work-out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful.Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊).Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures—something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies.Martial arts also strengthen muscles, and improve flexibility and balance.Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives.
However, some have been keen to point out that, yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be a challenge.They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (強制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武術(shù)館) to find out.But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述的是武術(shù)是否應(yīng)該被列入學(xué)校的主要課程。
1.What’s the topic of this text
A.What martial arts are.
B.Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum.
C.Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school.
D.How martial arts work for schools.
解析　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (課程) ”可知,本文主要的話題是武術(shù)是否應(yīng)該列入學(xué)校課程。故選B。
√
2.Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum
A.Self-defense is not taught at schools.
B.Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world.
C.It provides physical and mental benefits.
D.It can help prevent physical damage.
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Martial arts...and self-esteem (自尊).”可知,把武術(shù)加入課程是因為它對身體和精神都有好處。故選C。
√
3.What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the underlined phrase “a
chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph
A.Building a dojo and finding the trainers.
B.Teaching martial arts and the physical damage.
C.Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap.
D.Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts.
解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“They believe it is a...to find out.”可知,chicken和egg分別指的是缺乏訓(xùn)練師和沒有必修的武術(shù)課程。故選D。
√
4.What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the
curriculum
A.Unclear. B.Uninterested.
C.Disliking. D.Negative.
解析　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段“But after new research...self-defense and discipline (自律).”和最后一段“However, some have...to be a challenge.”可知,本文只是客觀陳述人們對武術(shù)是否該成為學(xué)校課程的不同觀點,并沒有表明自己的觀點,所以作者對在課程中增加武術(shù)的態(tài)度是不清楚的。故選A。
√
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
(2025·福州高一上期中)
Our school, Chairo Technical School in Australia, has a strong service idea that covers two of 1.　　　　　　 (we) core values, namely “l(fā)ife-long learning” and “l(fā)ife-long serving”.All the students are encouraged to become 2.　　　　　　 (active) involved in these programs and many opportunities exist at all the 3.　　　 　 (level) through the country.
Teams of teachers and students from the school 4.　　 　　 (send) to every part across the whole country and other countries regularly to participate 5.　　　　　　 different programs, including a regular English teaching tour of our sister school in China.As a school we are always seeking different service opportunities, 6.　　　　　　 will encourage our students to devote their time and efforts to
7.　　　　　　 (assist) those more needy than themselves.
As 8.　　　　　　 matter of fact, many programs
9.　　　　 (aim) at helping the needy and elderly within our local communities also occur throughout each year, including an annual activity, Service Week.While these programs do assist those in need, it is also exciting to see the 10.　　　　　　 (person) growth that occurs among our participating students.The real-life experiences strengthen our teamwork effectively in order to better serve the society for life.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞的Chairo Technical School的服務(wù)觀念和活動,鼓勵學(xué)生參與各種服務(wù)項目,致力于幫助那些有需要的人,并通過實踐活動促進學(xué)生的成長和團隊合作能力。
1.our　[考查代詞。句意:我們學(xué)校,澳大利亞的Chairo技術(shù)學(xué)校,有著強烈的服務(wù)理念,涵蓋了我們的兩個核心價值觀,即“終身學(xué)習(xí)”和“終身服務(wù)”。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用we的形容詞性物主代詞our作定語。故填our。]
2.actively　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:鼓勵所有學(xué)生積極參與這些項目,并且在全國各地,各個層級都存在許多機會。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用active的副詞actively作狀語,修飾形容詞involved,意為“積極地”。故填actively。]
3.levels　[考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意同上。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用名詞作賓語,level意為“級別,層次”,此處表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填levels。]
4.are sent　[考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:學(xué)校的教師和學(xué)生團隊定期被派往全國各地和其他國家參加不同的項目,包括我們在中國的姐妹學(xué)校的定期英語教學(xué)之旅。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用動詞作謂語,根據(jù)句意以及regularly可知,句子表述客觀事實,故使用一般現(xiàn)在時。同時Teams of teachers and students為復(fù)數(shù),且與send之間是被動關(guān)系,故使用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填are sent。]
5.in　[考查介詞。句意同上。句中participate in為固定短語,意為“參與”。故填in。]
6.which　[考查定語從句。句意:作為一所學(xué)校,我們一直在尋找不同的服務(wù)機會,這將鼓勵我們的學(xué)生投入時間和精力去幫助那些比自己更有需要的人。分析句子,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,修飾先行詞service opportunities,為物,故使用which。故填which。]
7.assisting　[考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。devote their time and efforts to 中to為介詞,設(shè)空處使用動名詞作賓語。故填assisting。]
8.a　[考查冠詞。句意:事實上,每年都有許多旨在幫助當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)貧困人口和老年人的項目,包括年度活動“服務(wù)周”。句中as a matter of fact為固定短語,意為“實際上”。故填a。]
9.aimed　[考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。分析句子,occur為謂語動詞,設(shè)空處使用非謂語動詞。be aimed at意為“旨在”,此處省略be,用過去分詞作后置定語。故填aimed。]
10.personal　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:雖然這些項目確實幫助了那些有需要的人,但看到我們參與(這些項目)的學(xué)生的個人成長,也是令人興奮的。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用person的形容詞personal作定語,修飾名詞growth。故填personal。]
Thanks！
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