資源簡介

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures
分析基本句子結構
一、句子成分
構成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。句子成分有主要成分與次要成分之分。主要成分是主語(Subject)和謂語(Verb),次要成分有賓語(Object)、表語(Predicative)、定語(Attribute)、狀語(Adverbial)、補足語(Complement)和同位語(Appositive)。
1.主語
[先感知]
①But I was wrong.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②The class was difficult,but the teacher was kind and friendly.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③Coming to Guizhou Province to teach has been quite an experience for him.(北師必一U1)
④It’s a fantastic opportunity for new students to get to know the school and the other students.(外研必一U1)
⑤There’s always a way to be part of something you love...(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①代詞作主語;句②名詞作主語;句③動詞-ing形式短語作主語;句④不定式短語作主語;句⑤there be句型中be后的名詞是主語。
[明規則]　主語表示句子描述的是“誰”或“什么”,是謂語的陳述對象,是句子敘述的主體。名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞、不定式(短語)、動詞-ing形式(短語)和從句等皆可作主語。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出主語
①To read in the sun is bad for your eyes.
②My smile froze.
③Second,it is wise to take short breaks after learning online for 30 minutes.
④Studying is definitely a big part of my life.
2.謂語
[先感知]
①A boy meets a girl during a break.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句①實義動詞作謂語;句②情態動詞+動詞短語作謂語;句③助動詞+動詞作謂語。
[明規則]　謂語放在主語之后,說明主語所做的動作或所處的狀態,由動詞或動詞短語充當。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出謂語
①She likes drawing.
②The room is designed for six people.
③Online learning has become an important way to study recently.
3.賓語
[先感知]
①I just had my first maths class at senior high school!(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②He even told us a funny story,and everyone laughed so much!(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句①名詞短語作賓語;句②us是間接賓語;a funny story是直接賓語。
[明規則]　賓語放在動詞或介詞后,表示行為或活動的對象、接受者或受影響者。有的動詞后面可以接兩個賓語,通常把其中表示人的賓語稱為間接賓語(indirect object),把表示物的賓語稱為直接賓語(direct object)。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出賓語
①He wrote a play.
②She likes to sleep in the open air.
③Lend me your book, please.
4.表語
[先感知]
①She said,“Be a rainbow in somebody else’s cloud.”(外研必一U1)
②I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③His hobby is playing football.
[會發現]　句①名詞作表語;句②形容詞作表語;句③動詞-ing形式短語作表語。
[明規則]　表語放在系動詞后,來說明主語的身份、特征和狀態。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出表語
①No one else can be a better choice than you.
②You look younger than before.
③My job is to teach them English.
5.補足語
[先感知]
①I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet...(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②We saw her entering the room.
③I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China.(譯林必一U1)
④Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①不定式短語作賓語補足語;句②動詞-ing形式短語作賓語補足語;句③形容詞短語作賓語補足語;句④介詞短語作賓語補足語。
[明規則]　補語分為主語補足語和賓語補足語,用來補充說明主語或賓語的特征或狀態。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出補足語
①He allowed the girl to go out.
②I saw you standing outside.
③I find it difficult to work out the problem.
④He is made chairman of the club.
6.定語
[先感知]
①He even told us a funny story...(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②This afternoon,we had our chemistry class in the science lab.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family,to your community and to our country.(譯林必一U1)
④Is there anything else in particular that you’d like to share with us (外研必一U1)
⑤When my English teacher stepped into the classroom,I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①形容詞作定語;句②名詞作定語;句③不定式短語作定語;句④介詞短語作定語;句⑤從句作定語。
[明規則]　定語是指修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特征的修飾成分。單個詞作定語多放在被修飾部分的前面,但由多個詞構成的定語部分則通常放在被修飾部分的后面。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出定語
①The book to read this evening is written by Lu Xun.
②These are apple trees.
③Have you seen the tall building
7.狀語
[先感知]
①She is studying at an American high school for one year.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②She did not feel confident at all when she arrived.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③I’m very glad to be back.(外研必一Unit 1)
[會發現]　句①介詞短語作狀語;句②when引導的從句作狀語;句③副詞作狀語。
[明規則]　修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分,叫作狀語。狀語的位置非常靈活:通常在句子的基本結構之后,強調時放在句首;修飾形容詞、副詞時通常放在被修飾詞之前。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出狀語
①He is making a model plane in the room.
②I’ll be back in a while.
③He went home to see his old parents.
④Luckily, the dog was saved.
8.同位語
[先感知]
①Hello and welcome to School Talk! Today I’m joined by a former student of our school,Lisa Osborne.(外研必一U1)
②The news that he had passed the exam delighted his mother.
[會發現]　句①名詞作同位語;句②that引導的從句作同位語。
[明規則]　對句子中某一成分作進一步解釋、說明,與前面的名詞在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位語。同位語常常置于被說明的詞之后。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出同位語
①Li Hua,a student, lives in Beijing.
②I have no idea when he will be back.
二、基本句式結構
1.主謂結構(SV):主語+謂語(不及物動詞)
[先感知]
①The campus was still quiet when I arrived,so I decided to explore a bit.(外研必一U1)
②I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start.(外研必一U1)
③So what helped when you first started high school (外研必一U1)
[會發現]　此類結構中的謂語動詞(短語)是不及物動詞(短語)。
[明規則]　該結構中的謂語動詞為不及物動詞(短語),故其后不能直接接賓語,也沒有被動語態。主謂結構常用來表示主語的動作或狀態。 常見的不及物動詞(短語)有:rise、matter、begin、come、go、happen、last、appear、work、come true、take place等。
[再運用]　分析句子成分/判斷正誤
①│.
②His home | broke out a fire last night.(F)
③A fire | broke out in his home last night.(T)
2.主謂賓結構(SVO):主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語
[先感知]
①Will I make any friends (人教必一Welcome Unit)
②Everyone started laughing.(外研必一U1)
③I want to make a good first impression.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
④...but I believe I will make new friends here...(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句①賓語是名詞短語;句②賓語是動詞-ing形式;句③賓語是不定式短語;句④賓語是從句。
[明規則]　該結構中的謂語動詞必須是及物動詞或動詞短語,一般有被動語態。用作賓語的有名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞、不定式(短語)、動詞-ing形式(短語)或從句等。
[點津]　在“動詞+介詞”的動詞短語中,賓語只能接在介詞之后;在“動詞+副詞”的動詞短語中,作賓語的名詞放于副詞前后皆可,作賓語的代詞只能放在副詞之前。
[正]Please wake Li Ling up (=wake up Li Ling) at 6:30 in the morning.
[正]Please wake her up at 6:30 in the morning.
[誤]Please wake up her at 6:30 in the morning.
[再運用]　翻譯句子
①但我也急需一個新足球。
But I also badly needed a new football.
②我的愛好包括旅游和游泳。
My hobbies include travelling and swimming.
③你知道他什么時候去的北京嗎
Do you know when he left for Beijing
3.主系表結構(SP):主語+系動詞+表語
[先感知]
①I think that tomorrow will be a great day!(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②The lab is new and the lesson was great...(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③I feel much more confident than I felt this morning.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
④I feel as if high school was only yesterday!(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①名詞短語作表語;句②形容詞作表語;句③feel為系動詞;句④as if引導的從句作表語。
[明規則]　該結構中的謂語動詞為系動詞,無被動語態,也無進行時態。常見的系動詞有be動詞,還有感官系動詞(sound/look/smell/taste/feel)、變化系動詞(become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run)、持續系動詞(remain/keep/hold/stay)、表像系動詞(seem/appear)等。表語可由名詞(短語)、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式(短語)或從句充當。
[再運用]　分析句子成分并嘗試翻譯
① .
翻譯:他們所有人都很吃驚。
② .
翻譯:這些建議非常重要。
4.主謂賓賓結構(SVIODO):主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
[先感知]　“Don’t worry,” he gave me a smile.(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句中主語為he;謂語動詞為gave;間接賓語為me;直接賓語為a smile。
[明規則]　該結構中的及物動詞后跟雙賓語,通常間接賓語在前,直接賓語在后,也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后,但間接賓語前需用介詞for或to。間接賓語之前用介詞to的常見動詞有give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、order等。間接賓語之前用介詞for的常見動詞有buy、fetch、save、choose、sing等。
[再運用]　分析句子成分/補全句子
① .
②Besides,nothing could be better if you could offer me some information (提供給我一些信息).
③I remember you showed me some photos (展示給我一些照片) on that theme.
5.主謂賓賓補結構(SVOC):主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
[先感知]
①I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone!(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③Although I was embarrassed,his words made me a lot more relaxed!(外研必一U1)
④So,hold your head up,then.(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①形容詞作賓語補足語;句②不定式短語作賓語補足語;句③動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語;句④副詞作賓語補足語。
[明規則]　該結構中的賓語補足語可以由名詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等充當。該句式常用于三類動詞:①使役動詞keep、make、let、have、leave、get等;②感官動詞或短語see、watch、notice、observe、find、catch、look at、listen to、hear、feel、smell等;③ask、tell、order、request、permit、persuade等。
[再運用]　翻譯句子
①我們必須保持學校干凈。
We must keep our school clean.
②他父親告訴他不要在街上玩耍。
His father told him not to play in the street.
③每天早晨,我們都聽到他大聲讀英語。
We all hear him read English aloud every morning.
6.主謂狀結構(SVA):主語+謂語+狀語
[先感知]
①After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind,the big day finally arrived:my first day at senior high!(外研必一U1)
②This morning,I was worried that no one would talk to me.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句①從句和副詞作狀語;句②介詞短語作狀語。
[明規則]　該結構中的謂語動詞通常為不及物動詞;副詞、介詞短語或從句等在句中作狀語,修飾或說明謂語動詞。
[再運用]　分析句子成分/補全句子
① and .
②, .
③If accepted,I will work hard (我會努力工作) to offer you best articles.
7.主謂賓狀結構(SVOA):主語+謂語+賓語+狀語
[先感知]
This afternoon,we had our chemistry class in the science lab.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句中主語為we;謂語動詞為had;賓語為our chemistry class;狀語為in the science lab。
[明規則]　該結構的謂語動詞通常為及物動詞或動詞短語;副詞、介詞短語或從句等在句中作狀語,修飾或說明謂語動詞。
[再運用]　分析句子成分/翻譯句子
① what they would like to be in the future.
②我剛才看到她了。
I saw her just now.
③昨天,我拜訪了我的一位朋友。
I visited one of my friends yesterday.
8.There be句型
[先感知]
①...and there’s a lot to explore at senior high.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②There seems to be a little dog under the desk.
[會發現]　句①謂語動詞是is;句②謂語動詞是seems to be,后接的是主語。
[明規則]　There be句型表示“某處存在某物或某人”?；窘Y構是: There is/are/was/were...。謂語動詞有時候可用表示存在的其他動詞(短語),如live、stand、lie、seem/appear to be (好像有)、 happen to be (碰巧有)、used to be (曾經有)等。
[再運用]　補全句子
①There are too many cars on the road.
路上的汽車太多了。
②There seems to be a lack of communication.
似乎是缺乏溝通。
③John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.
約翰打開門,他從來沒見過的一個女孩站在那兒。
[基礎語境練]
維度一　寫出黑體部分在句子中所作成分(每小題1分,共9分)
1.Don’t keep me waiting too long.賓語補足語
2.Three new schools have been opened in our town in the past five years.謂語
3.Eyes are the window to the soul.表語
4.It was a beautiful morning.定語
5.I will order you a new dictionary for your birthday.直接賓語
6.Mr Wang will give us a lecture on how to learn English well.間接賓語
7.They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.狀語
8.We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon.賓語
9.What you said just now didn’t make me happy.主語
維度二　分析句子成分并寫出基本句型(每小題2分,共16分)
1.The .主語+謂語
2.My a .主語+謂語+賓語
3.The a .主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
4.My a .主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
5.His .主語+系動詞+表語
6.There many .there be句型
7.A sports .主語+謂語+狀語
8. the summer .主語+謂語+賓語+狀語
維度三　閱讀下面短文,分析并寫出畫線部分的基本句型(每小題2分,共12分)
When 1.,
I was afraid that no one would make friends with me.2. and I was afraid of speaking in front of my new teachers and classmates.
What if I couldn’t do well in my studies Would they laugh at me 3. and 4..Later,I realized that I should change my mind.So I set goals for myself and tried my best to realize them.Besides,5.. Finally I got on well with my classmates and became confident.
colourful.
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
(2025·四川省宜賓市高一檢測)
Whenever I think of Ms.Anita Moore,I always smile and feel fortunate to have her as my teacher.All of her students knew she loved being a teacher.Her classroom was always a safe place where we were encouraged to share,think,and express ourselves.
One of the memories that always stuck with me was a reading class when Ms.Moore read a story aloud and started to cry.The main character in the story reminded her of her grandmother.She paused to share about her relationship with her grandmother and made the connection as to how that relationship helped understand the story.
Ms.Moore tried her best to make a connection with each student in her classroom.She knew what we liked and used that information to bring our interests into the classroom.That is one of the reasons why Ms.Moore will always be my favorite teacher.She brought various types of books to our classroom and allowed us to take them home.It was she that helped my love for reading grow.
Ms.Moore also went beyond classroom instruction.She decided that our school should have a choir and that all of her students should audition (試演). Without her,I would never have taken part in this type of after-school activity.Once it was time for the annual 5th grade weekend camping trip,my parents refused to let me attend.Ms.Moore came to my home to persuade (說服) them.Although I was still not allowed to go,it was amazing to me that a teacher would visit my home to help me be part of a school tradition with my classmates.
Ms.Moore was a wonderful example of a caring teacher.From her,I’ve learned to make connections with students and look for ways to help them learn and feel successful.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者最敬愛的老師Ms.Moore的事跡。
1.Why did Ms.Moore cry in the reading class
A.The story was too sad.
B.She was moved by the students.
C.She thought of her own grandmother.
D.She helped her students understand the story.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第二段“One of the memories that...of her grandmother.”可知,Ms.Moore在朗讀時因為想到了自己的祖母而傷感哭泣,故選C項。]
2.What can we learn about Ms.Moore from Paragraph 3
A.She was good at writing books.
B.She inspired the writer’s love for reading.
C.She donated many books to poor students.
D.She was the favorite teacher of the whole class.
答案　B　[細節理解題。根據第三段“It was she that helped my love for reading grow.”可知,Ms.Moore啟發了作者對閱讀的熱愛,故選B項。]
3.Which of the following words best describe Ms.Moore
A.Responsible and caring.
B.Positive and independent.
C.Inspiring and strict.
D.Knowledgeable and confident.
答案　A　[推理判斷題。通讀全文,尤其是根據第三段“Ms.Moore tried her best to make a connection with each student in her classroom.”和最后一段的“Ms.Moore was a wonderful example of a caring teacher.”可知,作者主要講述了Ms.Moore對教學的熱愛、認真負責的態度和對學生的關愛。由此推知,她是一個十分負責和有愛心的人,因此可用responsible和caring描述Ms.Moore,故選A項。]
4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage
A.To express opinions on teaching literature.
B.To discuss how to become a caring teacher.
C.To introduce the classes and activities in her school.
D.To share her memory about her teacher,Ms.Anita Moore.
答案　D　[寫作目的題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段“Whenever I think of Ms.Anita Moore,I always smile and feel fortunate to have her as my teacher.”和最后一段“Ms.Moore was a wonderful example of...and feel successful.”可知,本文主要講述了作者對其老師Ms.Moore的一些美好回憶。由此推知,作者寫這篇文章的目的是分享她對老師Anita Moore女士的回憶,故選D項。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
(2025·湖南省邵陽市高一檢測)
As we all know,high school life is not easy for each student.You will meet a lot of challenges.Here are some tips for you to lead 1.　　　　　　 happy and meaningful life.
There are different amazing 2.　　　　　　 (resource) in your school and you’d better try to make the most of 3.　　　　　　 (they) to realize your potential.Make every effort to get over difficulties and seize every opportunity to improve your ability.The more knowledge you acquire,the 4.　　　　　　 (confident) you will be.
Try to be an 5.　　　　　　 (independence) and responsible person.In class you’d better focus 6.　　　　　　 your lessons and try to find an efficient method.After class you’d better do some regular exercise,for health is of equal 7.　　　　　　 (important) to you.You can take part in some clubs in 8.　　　　　　 you can improve your character in your free time.Try to exchange words with your friends or classmates and you will learn much from them.Learn 9.　　　　　　 (balance) between your study and hobbies and keep a positive attitude towards your school life and no matter what happens,stick to your plan! 10.　　　　　　 (write) your aim on your desk is a good way to remind you to work harder.You will be a well-rounded individual!
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇應用文。文章主要是給高中生提供如何過上快樂且有意義的生活的一些建議。
1.a　[考查冠詞。句意:以下是一些讓你過上一種快樂且有意義生活的建議。單數可數名詞“life”前需要用冠詞修飾,且happy首字母的發音為輔音音素,故填a。]
2.resources　[考查名詞的單復數。句意:學校里有各種令人驚嘆的資源,你最好盡量利用它們來實現你的潛力?！皉esource”可數名詞“資源”,根據“are”可知,此處需要名詞復數形式作主語,故填resources。]
3.them　[考查代詞。句意:學校里有各種令人驚嘆的資源,你最好盡量利用它們來實現你的潛力。此處需要they的賓格形式指代名詞“resources”并作of的賓語,故填them。]
4.more confident　[考查形容詞比較級。句意:你獲取的知識越多,你就越有信心。根據句意可知,本空構成“the +比較級..., the +比較級...”結構,此處需要用形容詞的比較級作表語,故填more confident。]
5.independent　[考查詞性轉換。句意:努力成為一個獨立且負責任的人。此處需要其形容詞形式與后面的responsible并列作定語修飾名詞person,故填independent。]
6.on　[考查介詞。句意:上課時你最好專注于你的課程,并努力找到一個有效的方法。短語focus on表示“專注于”,故填on。]
7.importance　[考查詞性轉換。句意:課后你最好做一些常規的運動,因為健康對你來說同樣重要。此處需要名詞作of的賓語,故填importance。]
8.which　[考查定語從句。句意:你可以在空閑時間參加一些俱樂部,在那里你可以提升你的性格。介詞in和空處的詞引導一個定語從句來修飾clubs,先行詞是表示事物的名詞,引導詞指物在從句中作介詞的賓語,故填which。]
9.to balance　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:試著學會在學習和愛好之間找到平衡,并保持積極的態度對待學校生活,無論發生什么,堅持你的計劃!根據句意“試著學會”可知,本空考查短語learn to do“學著做”,故填to balance。]
10.Writing　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:把你的目標寫在桌子上是提醒你更加努力的好方法。分析句子成分,此處是動詞-ing形式短語作主語,句首單詞首字母大寫,故填Writing。](共74張PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures
語法知識過關
內
容
索
引
課時精練
語 法 知 識 過 關
分析基本句子結構
一、句子成分
構成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。句子成分有主要成分與次要成分之分。主要成分是主語(Subject)和謂語(Verb),次要成分有賓語(Object)、表語(Predicative)、定語(Attribute)、狀語(Adverbial)、補足語(Complement)和同位語(Appositive)。
1.主語
[先感知]
①But I was wrong.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②The class was difficult,but the teacher was kind and friendly.
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③Coming to Guizhou Province to teach has been quite an experience for him.(北師必一U1)
④It’s a fantastic opportunity for new students to get to know the school and the other students.(外研必一U1)
⑤There’s always a way to be part of something you love...
(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①　　 　 　作主語;句②　　 　　作主語;句③__________________作主語; 句④　　　 　 　　　作主語; 句⑤there be句型中 　　　　　　　　　是主語。
代詞
名詞
動詞-ing形式短語
不定式短語
be后的名詞
[明規則]　主語表示句子描述的是誰或什么,是謂語的陳述對象,是句子敘述的主體。名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞、不定式(短語)、動詞-ing形式(短語)和從句等皆可作主語。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出主語
①To read in the sun is bad for your eyes.
②My smile froze.
③Second,it is wise to take short breaks after learning online for 30 minutes.
④Studying is definitely a big part of my life.
2.謂語
[先感知]
①A boy meets a girl during a break.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句①　　　 　　　作謂語;句②情態動詞+____________作謂語;句③　　　　　　+動詞作謂語。
實義動詞
動詞短語
助動詞
[明規則]　謂語放在主語之后,說明主語所做的動作或所處的狀態,由動詞或動詞短語充當。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出謂語
①She likes drawing.
②The room is designed for six people.
③Online learning has become an important way to study recently.
3.賓語
[先感知]
①I just had my first maths class at senior high school!(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②He even told us a funny story,and everyone laughed so much!
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句①　　 　　 　　作賓語;句②us是　　　　 　　; a funny story是　　　　　　　。
名詞短語
間接賓語
直接賓語
[明規則]　賓語放在動詞或介詞后,表示行為或活動的對象、接受者或受影響者。有的動詞后面可以接兩個賓語,通常把其中表示人的賓語稱為間接賓語(indirect object),把表示物的賓語稱為直接賓語(direct object)。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出賓語
①He wrote a play.
②She likes to sleep in the open air.
③Lend me your book, please.
4.表語
[先感知]
①She said,“Be a rainbow in somebody else’s cloud.”(外研必一U1)
②I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now.
(人教必一 Welcome Unit)
③His hobby is playing football.
[會發現]　句①　　　　　作表語;句②　　　　　　　　　　　作表語;句③　　　　　 　　　作表語。
名詞
形容詞
動詞-ing形式短語
[明規則]　表語放在系動詞后,來說明主語的身份、特征和狀態。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出表語
①No one else can be a better choice than you.
②You look younger than before.
③My job is to teach them English.
5.補足語
[先感知]
①I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet...
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②We saw her entering the room.
③I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China.(譯林必一U1)
④Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.
(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①　　　　　　作賓語補足語;句②_________________作賓語補足語;句③　　　　 　作賓語補足語;句④　　　　　　作賓語補足語。
[明規則]　補語分為主語補足語和賓語補足語,用來補充說明主語或賓語的特征或狀態。
不定式短語
動詞-ing形式短語
形容詞短語
介詞短語
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出補足語
①He allowed the girl to go out.
②I saw you standing outside.
③I find it difficult to work out the problem.
④He is made chairman of the club.
6.定語
[先感知]
①He even told us a funny story...(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②This afternoon,we had our chemistry class in the science lab.
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family,to your community and to our country.(譯林必一U1)
④Is there anything else in particular that youd like to share with us (外研必一U1)
⑤When my English teacher stepped into the classroom,I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①　　　　　　　　　　作定語;句②　　　　　　作定語;句③　　　　　　作定語;句④　　　　　　作定語;句⑤________作定語。
[明規則] 定語是指修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特征的修飾成分。單個詞作定語多放在被修飾部分的前面,但由多個詞構成的定語部分則通常放在被修飾部分的后面。
形容詞
名詞
不定式短語
介詞短語
從句
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出定語
①The book to read this evening is written by Lu Xun.
②These are apple trees.
③Have you seen the tall building
7.狀語
[先感知]
①She is studying at an American high school for one year.
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②She did not feel confident at all when she arrived.
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③Im very glad to be back.(外研必一Unit 1)
[會發現]　句①　　　　　　作狀語;句②　　　　　　　　作狀語;句③　　　　　　作狀語。
介詞短語
when引導的從句
副詞
[明規則]　修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分,叫作狀語。狀語的位置非常靈活:通常在句子的基本結構之后,強調時放在句首;修飾形容詞、副詞時通常放在被修飾詞之前。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出狀語
①He is making a model plane in the room.
②Ill be back in a while.
③He went home to see his old parents.
④Luckily, the dog was saved.
8.同位語
[先感知]
①Hello and welcome to School Talk! Today I’m joined by a former student of our school,Lisa Osborne.(外研必一U1)
②The news that he had passed the exam delighted his mother.
[會發現]　句①　　　　作同位語;句②________________________作同位語。
名詞
that引導的從句
[明規則]　對句子中某一成分作進一步解釋、說明,與前面的名詞在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位語。同位語常常置于被說明的詞之后。
[再運用]　在下面的句子中標出同位語
①Li Hua,a student, lives in Beijing.
②I have no idea when he will be back.
二、基本句式結構
1.主謂結構(SV):主語+謂語(不及物動詞)
[先感知]
①The campus was still quiet when I arrived,so I decided to explore a bit.(外研必一U1)
②I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start.
(外研必一U1)
③So what helped when you first started high school (外研必一U1)
[會發現]　此類結構中的謂語動詞(短語)是　　　　　　動詞(短語)。
[明規則]　該結構中的謂語動詞為不及物動詞(短語),故其后不能直接接賓語,也沒有被動語態。主謂結構常用來表示主語的動作或狀態。 常見的不及物動詞(短語)有:rise、matter、begin、come、go、happen、last、appear、work、come true、take place等。
不及物
[再運用]　分析句子成分/判斷正誤
①The writing class│had just begun.
②His home | broke out a fire last night.(　　)
③A fire | broke out in his home last night.(　　)
主語
謂語
F
T
2.主謂賓結構(SVO):主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語
[先感知]
①Will I make any friends (人教必一Welcome Unit)
②Everyone started laughing.(外研必一U1)
③I want to make a good first impression.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
④...but I believe I will make new friends here...
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句①賓語是　　　　　　;句②賓語是　　　　　　形式;句③賓語是　　　　　　　;句④賓語是　　　　　　。
[明規則]　該結構中的謂語動詞必須是及物動詞或動詞短語,一般有被動語態。用作賓語的有名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞、不定式(短語)、動詞-ing形式(短語)或從句等。
名詞短語
動詞-ing
不定式短語
從句
[點津]　在動詞+介詞的動詞短語中,賓語只能接在介詞之后;在動詞+副詞的動詞短語中,作賓語的名詞放于副詞前后皆可,作賓語的代詞只能放在副詞之前。
[正]Please wake Li Ling up (=wake up Li Ling) at 6:30 in the morning.
[正]Please wake her up at 6:30 in the morning.
[誤]Please wake up her at 6:30 in the morning.
[再運用]　翻譯句子
①但我也急需一個新足球。
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　
②我的愛好包括旅游和游泳。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
③你知道他什么時候去的北京嗎
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
But I also badly needed a new football.
My hobbies include travelling and swimming.
Do you know when he left for Beijing
3.主系表結構(SP):主語+系動詞+表語
[先感知]
①I think that tomorrow will be a great day!(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②The lab is new and the lesson was great...(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③I feel much more confident than I felt this morning.
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
④I feel as if high school was only yesterday!(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①　　　　　　　　　作表語;句②　　　　　　作表語;句③　　　　　　為系動詞;句④　　　　　　　　作表語。
名詞短語
形容詞
feel
as if引導的從句
[明規則]　該結構中的謂語動詞為系動詞,無被動語態,也無進行時態。常見的系動詞有be動詞,還有感官系動詞(sound/look/smell/taste/feel)、變化系動詞(become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run)、持續系動詞(remain/keep/hold/stay)、表像系動詞(seem/appear)等。表語可由名詞(短語)、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式(短語)或從句充當。
[再運用]　分析句子成分并嘗試翻譯
①All of them were amazed.
翻譯:　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
②These suggestions are of great importance.
翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
主語
系動詞
形容詞作表語
他們所有人都很吃驚。
主語
系動詞
介詞短語作表語
這些建議非常重要。
4.主謂賓賓結構(SVIODO):主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
[先感知]　 “Don’t worry,” he gave me a smile.(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句中主語為　　　　　　;謂語動詞為　　　　　　;間接賓語為　　　　　　;直接賓語為　　　　　　。
[明規則]　該結構中的及物動詞后跟雙賓語,通常間接賓語在前,直接賓語在后,也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后,但間接賓語前需用介詞for或to。間接賓語之前用介詞to的常見動詞有give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、order等。間接賓語之前用介詞for的常見動詞有buy、fetch、save、choose、sing等。
he
gave
me
a smile
[再運用]　分析句子成分/補全句子
① You had better buy your friends some small gifts.
②Besides,nothing could be better if you could 　　　　　　　　　　
______________(提供給我一些信息).
③I remember you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (展示給我一些照片) on that theme.
主語
謂語
間接賓語
直接賓語
offer me some
information
showed me some photos
5.主謂賓賓補結構(SVOC):主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
[先感知]
①I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone!
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
③Although I was embarrassed,his words made me a lot more relaxed!(外研必一U1)
④So,hold your head up,then.(外研必一U1)
[會發現]　句①　　　　　　作賓語補足語;句②　　　　　　作賓語補足語;句③　　　　　　　 作賓語補足語;句④　　　　　　作賓語補足語。
[明規則]　該結構中的賓語補足語可以由名詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等充當。該句式常用于三類動詞:①使役動詞keep、make、let、have、leave、get等;②感官動詞或短語see、watch、notice、observe、find、catch、look at、listen to、hear、feel、smell等;③ask、tell、order、request、permit、persuade等。
形容詞
不定式短語
動詞-ed形式
副詞
[再運用]　翻譯句子
①我們必須保持學校干凈。
　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
②他父親告訴他不要在街上玩耍。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
③每天早晨,我們都聽到他大聲讀英語。
　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
We must keep our school clean.
His father told him not to play in the street.
We all hear him read English aloud every morning.
6.主謂狀結構(SVA):主語+謂語+狀語
[先感知]
①After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind,the big day finally arrived:my first day at senior high!(外研必一U1)
②This morning,I was worried that no one would talk to me.
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句①　　　　和　　　作狀語;句②　 　 　　　　 作狀語。
從句
副詞
介詞短語
[明規則]　該結構中的謂語動詞通常為不及物動詞;副詞、介詞短語或從句等在句中作狀語,修飾或說明謂語動詞。
[再運用]　分析句子成分/補全句子
①The exhibition will start on June 21 and last for a week.
②Hopefully,you can take part.
③If accepted,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我會努力工作) to offer you best articles.
主語
謂語
狀語
謂語
狀語
狀語
主語
謂語
I will work hard
7.主謂賓狀結構(SVOA):主語+謂語+賓語+狀語
[先感知]
This afternoon,we had our chemistry class in the science lab.(人教必一Welcome Unit)
[會發現]　句中主語為　　　　　　;謂語動詞為　　　　　　;賓語為　　　　 　　　　;狀語為　　　　　　　 　。
[明規則]　該結構的謂語動詞通常為及物動詞或動詞短語;副詞、介詞短語或從句等在句中作狀語,修飾或說明謂語動詞。
we
had
our chemistry class
in the science lab
[再運用]　分析句子成分/翻譯句子
①One day some of my students were talking about
what they would like to be in the future.
②我剛才看到她了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
③昨天,我拜訪了我的一位朋友。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
狀語
主語
謂語
賓語
I saw her just now.
I visited one of my friends yesterday.
8.There be句型
[先感知]
①...and there’s a lot to explore at senior high.
(人教必一Welcome Unit)
②There seems to be a little dog under the desk.
[會發現]　句①謂語動詞是　　;句②謂語動詞是　　　　　　　　,后接的是主語。
is
seems to be
[明規則]　There be句型表示“某處存在某物或某人”?；窘Y構是: There is/are/was/were...。謂語動詞有時候可用表示存在的其他動詞(短語),如live、stand、lie、seem/appear to be (好像有)、 happen to be (碰巧有)、used to be (曾經有)等。
[再運用]　補全句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 on the road.
路上的汽車太多了。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a lack of communication.
似乎是缺乏溝通。
③John opened the door.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he had never seen before.
約翰打開門,他從來沒見過的一個女孩站在那兒。
There are too many cars
There seems to be
There stood a girl
課 時 精 練
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
維度一　寫出黑體部分在句子中所作成分(每小題1分,共9分)
1.Don’t keep me waiting too long.__________________
2.Three new schools have been opened in our town in the past five years._________________
3.Eyes are the window to the soul._______________
4.It was a beautiful morning.________________
賓語補足語
謂語
表語
定語
5.I will order you a new dictionary for your birthday. ______________
6.Mr Wang will give us a lecture on how to learn English well.
___________________
7.They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.____________________
8.We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon._________
9.What you said just now didn’t make me happy.______________
直接賓語
間接賓語
狀語
賓語
主語
維度二　分析句子成分并寫出基本句型(每小題2分,共16分)
1.The students agreed.　　　　　　　　　　
2.My sister is writing a letter.　　　　　　　　　
3.The teacher heard a student singing a song.
　　 　　　　　
4.My teacher gave me a book.　　 　　　　　 　　　
主語
謂語
主語+謂語
主語
謂語
賓語
主語+謂語+賓語
主語
謂語
賓語
賓語補足語
主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
主語
謂語
間接賓語
直接賓語
主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
5.His face turned red.　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.There are many customs in the village.　　　　　　　　　　
7.A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.
　 　　　
8. I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
主語
系動詞
表語
主語+系動詞+表語
謂語
主語
(地點)狀語
主語
謂語
(地點)狀語
(時間)狀語
主語+謂語+狀語
主語
謂語
賓語
(地點)狀語
主語+謂語+賓語+狀語
維度三　閱讀下面短文,分析并寫出畫線部分的基本句型(每小題2分,共12分)
When 1.I first entered the senior high school, I was afraid that no one would make friends with me.2.There were all strangers around me and I was afraid of speaking in front of my new teachers and classmates.
主語+謂語+賓語
there be句型
What if I couldn’t do well in my studies Would they laugh at me 3.I became worried and 4.I thought a lot.Later,I realized that I should change my mind.So I set goals for myself and tried my best to realize them.Besides,5.I took part in extra-curricular activities actively. Finally I got on well with my classmates and became confident.
6.I found my senior high school life really colourful.
主語+系動詞+表語
主語+謂語+狀語
主語+謂語+賓語+狀語
主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
(2025·四川省宜賓市高一檢測)
Whenever I think of Ms.Anita Moore,I always smile and feel fortunate to have her as my teacher.All of her students knew she loved being a teacher.Her classroom was always a safe place where we were encouraged to share,think,and express ourselves.
One of the memories that always stuck with me was a reading class when Ms.Moore read a story aloud and started to cry.The main character in the story reminded her of her grandmother.She paused to share about her relationship with her grandmother and made the connection as to how that relationship helped understand the story.
Ms.Moore tried her best to make a connection with each student in her classroom.She knew what we liked and used that information to bring our interests into the classroom.That is one of the reasons why Ms.Moore will always be my favorite teacher.She brought various types of books to our classroom and allowed us to take them home.It was she that helped my love for reading grow.
Ms.Moore also went beyond classroom instruction.She decided that our school should have a choir and that all of her students should audition (試演). Without her,I would never have taken part in this type of after-school activity.Once it was time for the annual 5th grade weekend camping trip,my parents refused to let me attend.Ms.Moore came to my home to persuade (說服) them.Although I was still not allowed to go,it was amazing to me that a teacher would visit my home to help me be part of a school tradition with my classmates.
Ms.Moore was a wonderful example of a caring teacher.From her,I’ve learned to make connections with students and look for ways to help them learn and feel successful.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者最敬愛的老師Ms.Moore的事跡。
1.Why did Ms.Moore cry in the reading class
A.The story was too sad.
B.She was moved by the students.
C.She thought of her own grandmother.
D.She helped her students understand the story.
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段“One of the memories that...of her grandmother.”可知,Ms.Moore在朗讀時因為想到了自己的祖母而傷感哭泣,故選C項。
√
2.What can we learn about Ms.Moore from Paragraph 3
A.She was good at writing books.
B.She inspired the writer’s love for reading.
C.She donated many books to poor students.
D.She was the favorite teacher of the whole class.
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段“It was she that helped my love for reading grow.”可知,Ms.Moore啟發了作者對閱讀的熱愛,故選B項。
√
3.Which of the following words best describe Ms.Moore
A.Responsible and caring.
B.Positive and independent.
C.Inspiring and strict.
D.Knowledgeable and confident.
√
解析　推理判斷題。通讀全文,尤其是根據第三段“Ms.Moore tried her best to make a connection with each student in her classroom.”和最后一段的“Ms.Moore was a wonderful example of a caring teacher.”可知,作者主要講述了Ms.Moore對教學的熱愛、認真負責的態度和對學生的關愛。由此推知,她是一個十分負責和有愛心的人,因此可用responsible和caring描述Ms.Moore,故選A項。
4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage
A.To express opinions on teaching literature.
B.To discuss how to become a caring teacher.
C.To introduce the classes and activities in her school.
D.To share her memory about her teacher,Ms.Anita Moore.
√
解析　寫作目的題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段“Whenever I think of Ms.Anita Moore,I always smile and feel fortunate to have her as my teacher.”和最后一段“Ms.Moore was a wonderful example of...and feel successful.”可知,本文主要講述了作者對其老師Ms.Moore的一些美好回憶。由此推知,作者寫這篇文章的目的是分享她對老師Anita Moore女士的回憶,故選D項。
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
(2025·湖南省邵陽市高一檢測)
As we all know,high school life is not easy for each student.You will meet a lot of challenges.Here are some tips for you to lead 1.　　　　　　 happy and meaningful life.
There are different amazing 2.　　　　　　 (resource) in your school and you’d better try to make the most of 3.　　　　　　 (they) to realize your potential.Make every effort to get over difficulties and seize every opportunity to improve your ability.The more knowledge you acquire,the 4.　　　　　　 (confident) you will be.
Try to be an 5.　　　　　　 (independence) and responsible person.In class you’d better focus 6.　　　　　　 your lessons and try to find an efficient method.After class you’d better do some regular exercise,for health is of equal 7.　　　　　　 (important) to you.You can take part in some clubs in 8.　　　　　　 you can improve your character in your free time.Try to exchange words with your friends or classmates and you will learn much from them.Learn 9.　　　　　　 (balance) between your study and hobbies and keep a
positive attitude towards your school life and no matter what happens, stick to your plan! 10.　　　　　　 (write) your aim on your desk is a good way to remind you to work harder.You will be a well-rounded individual!
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇應用文。文章主要是給高中生提供如何過上快樂且有意義的生活的一些建議。
1.a　[考查冠詞。句意:以下是一些讓你過上一種快樂且有意義生活的建議。單數可數名詞“life”前需要用冠詞修飾,且happy首字母的發音為輔音音素,故填a。]
2.resources　[考查名詞的單復數。句意:學校里有各種令人驚嘆的資源,你最好盡量利用它們來實現你的潛力。“resource”可數名詞“資源”,根據“are”可知,此處需要名詞復數形式作主語,故填resources。]
3.them　[考查代詞。句意:學校里有各種令人驚嘆的資源,你最好盡量利用它們來實現你的潛力。此處需要they的賓格形式指代名詞“resources”并作of的賓語,故填them。]
4.more confident　[考查形容詞比較級。句意:你獲取的知識越多,你就越有信心。根據句意可知,本空構成“the +比較級..., the +比較級...”結構,此處需要用形容詞的比較級作表語,故填more confident。]
5.independent　[考查詞性轉換。句意:努力成為一個獨立且負責任的人。此處需要其形容詞形式與后面的responsible并列作定語修飾名詞person,故填independent。]
6.on　[考查介詞。句意:上課時你最好專注于你的課程,并努力找到一個有效的方法。短語focus on表示“專注于”,故填on。]
7.importance　[考查詞性轉換。句意:課后你最好做一些常規的運動,因為健康對你來說同樣重要。此處需要名詞作of的賓語,故填importance。]
8.which　[考查定語從句。句意:你可以在空閑時間參加一些俱樂部,在那里你可以提升你的性格。介詞in和空處的詞引導一個定語從句來修飾clubs,先行詞是表示事物的名詞,引導詞指物在從句中作介詞的賓語,故填which。]
9.to balance　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:試著學會在學習和愛好之間找到平衡,并保持積極的態度對待學校生活,無論發生什么,堅持你的計劃!根據句意“試著學會”可知,本空考查短語learn to do“學著做”,故填to balance。]
10.Writing　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:把你的目標寫在桌子上是提醒你更加努力的好方法。分析句子成分,此處是動詞-ing形式短語作主語,句首單詞首字母大寫,故填Writing。]
Thanks！
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