資源簡介

Section Ⅲ 　Grammar and usage
一、動詞-ing形式作表語
[先感知]
①The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(人教選一U4)
②A good way of saying“I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.(人教選一U4)
③One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his children’s toys.(外研選一U4)
④We are using resources as if we had two planets,not one. There can be no “Plan B” because there is no “Planet B”.(北師必三U8)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①②③中,動詞-ing形式作表語,說明主語的內(nèi)容。句④中,動詞-ing形式是進(jìn)行時態(tài)。
[明規(guī)則]
1.動詞-ing形式作表語有時相當(dāng)于形容詞,用于說明主語的特征或性質(zhì),意為“令人……的”,常修飾物。常見的有:moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing、disappointing等。
The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging.
我們的航空工業(yè)的發(fā)展是非常令人鼓舞的。
From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience was amazing.
從觀賞野生動物到觀看日出,整個經(jīng)歷都令人驚嘆。
2.動詞-ing形式作表語有時用于說明主語的內(nèi)容,這時動詞-ing形式可以帶有邏輯主語或賓語,并且主語和表語兩者可互換。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
=Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是盡可能使報告廳保持干凈。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the students.
=Getting to know the needs of the students is the real question.
真正的問題是了解學(xué)生的需求。
3.動詞-ing形式作表語與進(jìn)行時態(tài)的區(qū)別
His job is cleaning the classroom.(動詞-ing形式作表語)
他的工作是打掃教室。
He is cleaning the classroom now.(謂語,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)
他現(xiàn)在正在打掃教室。
小題集訓(xùn)1　完成句子
①It is always interesting to hear other people’s points of view.
聽到其他人的觀點總是有趣的。
②It is worrying for you not to know where he is.
對你來說,不知道他在哪里是令人擔(dān)心的。
③It’s amazing that no one else has applied for the job.
沒有其他人申請這份工作是令人吃驚的。
④The job is appealing to the new graduates.
這項工作對于應(yīng)屆大學(xué)畢業(yè)生來說是有吸引力的。
二、動詞-ed形式作表語
[先感知]
①The next day was clear and mild,and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.(人教選二U4)
②I thought China would be very crowded,given its large population.(人教選二U4)
③I work at night because I’m fascinated by the stars,and I have been since I was a little boy.(北師選三U7)
④He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”.(外研選一U4)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①③④中,動詞-ed形式作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。句②中,動詞-ed形式作表語,表示主語所具備的特征。
[明規(guī)則]
1.動詞-ed形式作表語,多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或所具備的特征,常用的系動詞有be、remain、feel、seem、look、become等。
He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后,他看起來很憂慮。
Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired
也許她在窗邊掙扎太久了,太累了
2.動詞-ed形式作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別
動詞-ed形式作表語時,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)或所具備的特征,而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。
All the doors are locked.
所有的門都是鎖著的。(-ed形式作表語,表示狀態(tài))
All the doors were locked by the guard.
所有的門都被衛(wèi)兵鎖上了。(被動語態(tài),表示動作)
小題集訓(xùn)2　完成句子
①We were so bored with the lecture that we wanted to leave.
我們對這個演講很厭煩,所以我們想離開。
②Because he was lost in the strange city,he felt frightened.
因為他在陌生的城市里迷路了,所以他感到害怕。
③He was disappointed to find they’d already gone.
發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)離開,他很失望。
④I am determined to finish the task by myself and I am prepared to face various difficulties.
我下定決心獨立完成這項任務(wù),并且準(zhǔn)備好面對各種各樣的困難。
三、動詞-ing形式與動詞-ed形式作表語的區(qū)別
[先感知]
①So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.(人教選一U4)
②Van Gogh became depressed after he moved to London.(譯林選一U3)
③It’ll be too tiring to walk or dance for a long time in those shoes.(人教必三U1)
④It was amazing to be standing in front of her at last!(外研選一U4)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①②中,動詞-ed形式作表語,表示人自身的感受,常譯作“感到……的”。句③④中,動詞-ing形式作表語,表示事物自身具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”。
[明規(guī)則]
動詞-ing形式 表示事物自身具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”
動詞-ed形式 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”
這類詞常見的有:
interesting 令人感興趣的—interested感到有趣的
exciting令人激動的—excited感到激動的
encouraging令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的
confusing令人費解的—confused感到費解的
pleasing令人愉快的—pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人迷惑的—puzzled感到迷惑的
satisfying令人滿意的—satisfied感到滿意的
moving令人感動的—moved感到感動的
His music is so moving that I am often moved to tears.
他的音樂如此感人,以至于我經(jīng)常感動地流淚。
It’s exciting to know that so many people are pleased with our plan.
知道這么多人滿意我們的計劃是令人興奮的。
[名師指津]　某些動詞的過去分詞可用來修飾名詞look、expression、face等。如:a surprised look一個驚訝的表情;a tired face 一張疲倦的臉;a discouraged expression一個沮喪的表情。
小題集訓(xùn)3　單句語法填空
①I am interested in what you have told me because your story is very interesting.(interest)
②The work is so tiring that Mr Smith feels tired.(tire)
③I was amazed at the letter,which was amazing to my classmates.(amaze)
④Mary’s parents are worried that she is in a situation that is worrying.(worry)
1.shade n.陰影部分;色度;陰涼處;略微;少量 v.給……遮擋(光線),把……涂暗
教材原文　I wondered at the skill of the artists,their use of colour and how they played with light and shade.　我對這些藝術(shù)家們的技藝、他們對色彩的運用,以及他們處理明暗的方式感到驚奇。
感知　語言先輸入
①He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)
②Before Vinnie could say yes,the President hurried on,a shade of apology in his voice.(2020·天津7月卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)in/under the shade of 　 在……的陰涼處
put sb/sth in the shade 使某人/物相形見絀;使某人/物黯然失色
a shade of 一點(后面接名詞)
(2)shade sb/sth from/against sth 給某人/物遮擋……
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The children played in/under the shade of a large beach umbrella.
②The narrow road is shaded (shade) by tall and thick trees.
③I had tried my best,but her work still put mine in the shade.
我已經(jīng)盡力了,但她的工作還是使我的相形見絀。
④You can’t look directly into the strong light; you’ve got to shade your eyes from/against it.
你不能直視強(qiáng)光;你得把眼睛遮住。
2.bathe vt.以(光線)灑滿,覆蓋,使沐浴(在光線里);用水清洗vi.游泳　·bath n.沐浴,洗澡;浴盆
教材原文　I enjoyed the whole experience—to be able to bathe my senses in this palace of human creativity.　我很享受整個體驗——能夠讓我的感官沐浴在這個人類創(chuàng)造力的宮殿里。
感知　語言先輸入
①The bay was bathed in the sunshine,and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.
②On hot days we often bathe/go bathing in the river.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be bathed in the light/sunshine 沐浴在光/陽光中
be bathed in sweat 汗流浹背
(2)take/have a bath 洗澡
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Last night,a full moon bathed (bathe) the countryside in a silver light.
②Do you want a room with a bath (bathe) or one without
③Tian’anmen Square is bathed in morning sunshine.
④The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden sunshine.(景物描寫)
太陽開始在天空中升起,這使大山沐浴在了金色的陽光之中。
[基礎(chǔ)語境練]
維度一　類比填空(每小題1分,共5分)
1.This news was exciting so all of us were excited at it.(excite)
2.The result was surprising so we were surprised at it.(surprise)
3.Her question was so embarrassing that I was too embarrassed to answer it.(embarrass)
4.I was puzzled as to why she said that but when I asked her about it,her reaction was more puzzling.(puzzle)
5.It is encouraging news that our team has won the match.Now I am really encouraged.(encourage)
維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.The portraits and landscape paintings displayed at the gallery possess striking (strike) features.
2.As I wandered around the gallery,I wondered why this portrait was so vivid and amusing (amuse).
3.Many tourists have been attracted (attract)to this neighbourhood in the past decades.
4.Their paintings focused on real life,as opposed (oppose) to the history paintings dominating European art.
5.The artist employed new brushwork to produce art works which were realistic,vivid and moving (move).
6.Visitors were surprised (surprise)to find many outstanding paintings on display in the exhibition hall.
7.Tourists are not satisfied (satisfy) because these scenic spots are not worthy of being visited.
8.The exhibition contains nothing interesting (interest) that is worthy of note.
9.If you get lost(lose) in a strange place,you’d better not move and wait for help there.
10.It was astonishing(astonish) to everyone that the court had made such a decision.
維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,共10分)
1.當(dāng)他聽到結(jié)果時,他似乎很失望。
He seemed disappointed when he heard the result.
2.這位老人的工作是粉刷墻。
The old man’s job is painting the walls.
3.他的表演非常感人,所以觀眾們不停地鼓掌。
His performance was very moving so the audience kept clapping.
4.這封電子郵件如此煩人以至于毀了我的一整天。
The email was so annoying that it ruined my whole day.
5.他們好像不是非常擔(dān)心這種局面。
They don’t seem particularly worried about the situation.
維度四　語法與語篇(每小題2分,共12分)
1.I am very pleased (我很高興) to receive your letter.Now I know 2.you are worried about your Chinese (你擔(dān)心你的漢語) so I give you some advice.
First,3.you should be interested in Chinese (你應(yīng)該對漢語感興趣),for interest is the best teacher.Second,it’s a good idea that 4.you are devoted to reading more Chinese books (你致力于讀更多的漢語書) with interesting stories.Lastly,listen to Chinese songs that 5.are interesting and fascinating (有趣的且吸引人的) and watch Chinese programs on TV as often as possible.Only when 6.you are determined (你下決心) to learn Chinese well and don’t give up can you make progress.
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Picasso’s reputation as a major 20th-century sculptor came only after his death,because he had kept much of his sculpture in his own collection.Beginning in 1928,Picasso began to work in iron and sheet metal in Julio González’s studio in Paris.Then,in 1930,he acquired the Chateau Boisgeloup (northwest of Paris),where he had room for sculpture studios.There,with his mistress Marie-Thérèse Walter as his muse,Picasso began working in 1931 on large-scale plaster heads.In the 1930s he also made constructions incorporating found objects,and until the end of his life Picasso continued working in sculpture in a variety of materials.
Picasso’s ceramics (陶瓷制品) are usually set apart from his main body of work and are treated as less important,because at first glance they seem a somewhat frivolous exercise in the decoration of ordinary objects.Plates,jugs,and vases,made by craftsmen at the Madoura Pottery in Vallauris,were in Picasso’s hands reshaped or painted,gouged out,scratched,or marked by fingerprints and,for the most part,were rendered useless.In turning to craft,Picasso worked with a sense of liberation,experimenting with the play between decoration and form (between two and three dimensions) and between personal and universal meaning.
During that period Picasso’s fame increasingly attracted numerous visitors,including artists and writers,some of whom (Hélène Parmelin, douard Pignon, luard,and especially Louis Aragon) encouraged Picasso’s further political involvement.He contributed designs willingly (his dove was used for the World Peace Congress poster in Warsaw,Poland,in 1950),which was from sincere and lifelong sympathy with any group of repressed people.War and Peace,two panels begun in 1952 to adorn the Temple of Peace attached to an old chapel in Vallauris,reflect Picasso’s personal optimism of those years.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了畢加索的雕塑和陶瓷制品的特點。
1.Which of the following statements is NOT true
A.Picasso only became a famous sculptor after his death.
B.Picasso had a lot of his own collections.
C.In 1930 Picasso began to make incorporating objects.
D.Picasso started working in 1931 on large-scale plaster heads.
答案　C　[正誤判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“In the 1930s he also made constructions incorporating found objects,and until the end of his life Picasso continued working in sculpture in a variety of materials.”可知,他是在20世紀(jì)30年代開始進(jìn)行融合雕塑,而不是在1930年。故選C。]
2.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “frivolous”
A.Not having any serious purpose or value.
B.Able to be used for a practical purpose.
C.Funny and ridiculous.
D.Expensive and elegant.
答案　A　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前文“Picasso’s ceramics are usually set apart from his main body of work and are treated as less important”可知,畢加索的陶瓷作品通常與他的主要作品分開,顯得不那么重要。說明這些陶瓷作品沒有任何重要的目的或者價值。所以frivolous為“無足輕重的”之意。故選A。]
3.What may be the possible reason for Picasso’s artworks’ success
A.Picasso kept a lot of his artworks after his own death.
B.Picasso had the ability to attract many visitors and writers.
C.Picasso’s artworks carried his sense of liberation and were designed specially.
D.Picasso’s artworks are worth a lot of money.
答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段的內(nèi)容可知,畢加索的作品之所以成功,可能是因為畢加索的作品承載了他的解放意識和獨特的設(shè)計。故選C。]
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.Picasso’s Outstanding Sculpture
B.Why We All Love Picasso’s Art
C.Picasso’s Works of Sculpture and Ceramics
D.Picasso’s In-depth Influence on Art and Politics
答案　C　[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講述了畢加索的雕塑和陶瓷制品的特點。因此C項“Picasso’s Works of Sculpture and Ceramics”是本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
It is hard to give a precise definition of Western art.Perhaps the best way 1.　　　　　　(understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.During the Middle Ages,the purpose 2.　　　　　　 Western art was to teach people about Christianity.Thus,artists were not interested in painting realistic 3.　　　　　　(scene).This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone,4.　　　　　　 paintings showed real people in a real environment.Next came the Renaissance,when old ideas and values 5.　　　　　　(replace) gradually by new ones from the Middle Ages.Painters adopted a more humanistic attitude to life,6.　　　　　　(use) perspective and oil paints.The emphasis 7.　　　　　　(increasing) shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.After the invention of photography,paintings were no longer needed to preserve 8.　　　　　　 people and the world looked like.As a result,Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from 9.　　　　　　 painting by Claude Monet called Impression,Sunrise.In this work,Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene.After impressionism,Picasso,one of the painters of Modern Art,used Cubism,a new way,to analyse the shapes which 10.　　　　　　(exist) in the natural world.What modern artists attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art ”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了西方藝術(shù)繪畫幾個世紀(jì)以來的發(fā)展。
1.to understand　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:也許了解西方藝術(shù)的最好方法是看看西方繪畫幾個世紀(jì)以來的發(fā)展。此處修飾名詞way應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語,短語the best way to do sth“做某事最好的方式”。故填to understand。]
2.of　[考查介詞。句意:在中世紀(jì),西方藝術(shù)的目的是向人們傳授基督教。表示“……的目的”短語為the purpose of。故填of。]
3.scenes　[考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:因此,藝術(shù)家們對繪制現(xiàn)實場景不感興趣。空處需填名詞作賓語,scene是可數(shù)名詞,此處表示泛指,且沒有冠詞限定,需填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填scenes。]
4.whose　[考查定語從句。句意:這種情況在13世紀(jì)的喬托·迪·邦多納開始改變,他的畫作展示了真實環(huán)境中的真實人物。空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞Giotto di Bondone在從句中作定語,需用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。]
5.were replaced　[考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:接下來是文藝復(fù)興時期,這個時候舊的思想和價值觀逐漸被中世紀(jì)的新思想和價值觀所取代。when引導(dǎo)的定語從句缺少謂語動詞,根據(jù)“came”可知,此處為一般過去時,主語old ideas and values和replace為被動關(guān)系,需用被動語態(tài),謂語動詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were replaced。]
6.using　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:畫家們對生活采取了更加人性化的態(tài)度,運用透視法和油畫顏料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,use在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語Painters構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用動詞-ing形式作狀語。故填using。]
7.increasingly　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:重點越來越多地從宗教主題轉(zhuǎn)移到人們和我們周圍的世界上。修飾動詞shifted應(yīng)用副詞increasingly,作狀語。故填increasingly。]
8.what　[考查賓語從句。句意:在攝影術(shù)發(fā)明之后,人們不再需要繪畫來保存人和世界的樣子。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句缺少賓語,需用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what。]
9.the　[考查冠詞。句意:這個新運動的名字來自克勞德·莫奈的畫作《日出·印象》。名詞painting此處特指克勞德·莫奈的《日出·印象》這幅畫,應(yīng)用定冠詞。故填the。]
10.existed　[考查時態(tài)。句意:繼印象派之后,現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)畫家之一的畢加索采用了立體主義這一新的方法來分析自然界中存在的形狀。which引導(dǎo)的定語從句缺少謂語動詞,此處陳述過去的事實,使用一般過去時。故填existed。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關(guān)鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:sculptor n.雕刻家,雕塑家　incorporating adj.合并的　render v.使成為;使變得 involvement n.參與　語法填空:perspective n.透視法;態(tài)度;觀點;思考方法
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:for the most part在極大程度上,多半 語法填空:give a precise definition給出一個精確的定義　humanistic attitude人文主義的態(tài)度
熟詞生義 閱讀理解:treat熟義:v.對待;醫(yī)治;請客,招待　生義:v.把……看作,把……視為 Picasso’s ceramics are usually set apart from his main body of work and are treated as less important...　畢加索的陶瓷作品通常與他的主要作品分開,被認(rèn)為不那么重要…… I decided to treat his remark as a joke.　我決定把他的話當(dāng)作戲言。
難句剖析 閱讀理解:Then,in 1930,he acquired the Chateau Boisgeloup (northwest of Paris),where he had room for sculpture studios. [譯文]　然后,在1930年,他收購了Chateau Boisgeloup(巴黎西北部),在那里他有了雕塑工作室的空間。 [分析]　本句是復(fù)合句,主句是he acquired the Chateau Boisgeloup,where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在定語從句中作地點狀語。(共61張PPT)
Section Ⅲ 　Grammar and usage
語法知識過關(guān)
內(nèi)
容
索
引
課時測評作業(yè)
語言知識精析
語 法 知 識 過 關(guān)
一、動詞－ing形式作表語
[先感知]
①The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(人教選一U4)
②A good way of saying“I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.(人教選一U4)
③One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his children’s toys.(外研選一U4)
④We are using resources as if we had two planets,not one. There can be no “Plan B” because there is no “Planet B”.(北師必三U8)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①②③中,動詞－ing形式作　　　　,說明主語的內(nèi)容。句④中,動詞－ing形式是　　 　　。
表語
進(jìn)行時態(tài)
[明規(guī)則]
1.動詞－ing形式作表語有時相當(dāng)于形容詞,用于說明主語的特征或性質(zhì),意為“令人……的”,常修飾物。常見的有:moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing、disappointing等。
The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging.
我們的航空工業(yè)的發(fā)展是非常令人鼓舞的。
From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience was amazing. 從觀賞野生動物到觀看日出,整個經(jīng)歷都令人驚嘆。
2.動詞－ing形式作表語有時用于說明主語的內(nèi)容,這時動詞－ing形式可以帶有邏輯主語或賓語,并且主語和表語兩者可互換。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是盡可能使報告廳保持干凈。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the students.
＝Getting to know the needs of the students is the real question.
真正的問題是了解學(xué)生的需求。
3.動詞－ing形式作表語與進(jìn)行時態(tài)的區(qū)別
His job is cleaning the classroom.(動詞－ing形式作表語)
他的工作是打掃教室。
He is cleaning the classroom now.(謂語,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)
他現(xiàn)在正在打掃教室。
小題集訓(xùn)1　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to hear other people’s points of view.
聽到其他人的觀點總是有趣的。
②　　　　　　　　　　　 for you not to know where he is.
對你來說,不知道他在哪里是令人擔(dān)心的。
It is always interesting
It is worrying
③　　　　　　　　　 that no one else has applied for the job.
沒有其他人申請這份工作是令人吃驚的。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to the new graduates.
這項工作對于應(yīng)屆大學(xué)畢業(yè)生來說是有吸引力的。
It’s amazing
The job is appealing
二、動詞－ed形式作表語
[先感知]
①The next day was clear and mild,and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.(人教選二U4)
②I thought China would be very crowded,given its large population.(人教選二U4)
③I work at night because I’m fascinated by the stars,and I have been since I was a little boy.(北師選三U7)
④He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”.(外研選一U4)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①③④中,動詞－ed形式作　　　　,表示主語所處的　　　　。句②中,動詞－ed形式作　　　　,表示主語所具備的　　　　。
表語
狀態(tài)
表語
特征
[明規(guī)則]
1.動詞－ed形式作表語,多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或所具備的特征,常用的系動詞有be、remain、feel、seem、look、become等。
He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后,他看起來很憂慮。
Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired.
也許她在窗邊掙扎太久了,太累了。
2.動詞－ed形式作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別
動詞－ed形式作表語時,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)或所具備的特征,而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。
All the doors are locked.
所有的門都是鎖著的。(－ed形式作表語,表示狀態(tài))
All the doors were locked by the guard.
所有的門都被衛(wèi)兵鎖上了。(被動語態(tài),表示動作)
小題集訓(xùn)2　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with the lecture that we wanted to leave.
我們對這個演講很厭煩,所以我們想離開。
②Because 　　　　　　　　　　in the strange city, he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
因為他在陌生的城市里迷路了,所以他感到害怕。
We were so bored
he was lost
felt frightened
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to find they’d already gone.
發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)離開,他很失望。
④　　　　　　　　 to finish the task by myself and ______________ to face various difficulties.
我下定決心獨立完成這項任務(wù),并且準(zhǔn)備好面對各種各樣的困難。
He was disappointed
I am determined
I am prepared
三、動詞－ing形式與動詞－ed形式作表語的區(qū)別
[先感知]
①So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
(人教選一U4)
②Van Gogh became depressed after he moved to London.
(譯林選一U3)
③It’ll be too tiring to walk or dance for a long time in those shoes.(人教必三U1)
④It was amazing to be standing in front of her at last!(外研選一U4)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①②中,動詞－ed形式作　　　　,表示人自身的　　　　,常譯作“感到……的”。句③④中,動詞－ing形式作　　　　,表示事物自身具有的　　　　,常譯作“令人……的”。
表語
感受
表語
特性
[明規(guī)則]
動詞－ing形式 表示事物自身具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”
動詞－ed形式 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”
這類詞常見的有:
interesting 令人感興趣的—interested感到有趣的
exciting令人激動的—excited感到激動的
encouraging令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的
confusing令人費解的—confused感到費解的
pleasing令人愉快的—pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人迷惑的—puzzled感到迷惑的
satisfying令人滿意的—satisfied感到滿意的
moving令人感動的—moved感到感動的
His music is so moving that I am often moved to tears.
他的音樂如此感人,以至于我經(jīng)常感動地流淚。
It’s exciting to know that so many people are pleased with our plan.
知道這么多人滿意我們的計劃是令人興奮的。
[名師指津]　某些動詞的過去分詞可用來修飾名詞look、expression、face等。如:a surprised look一個驚訝的表情;a tired face 一張疲倦的臉;a discouraged expression一個沮喪的表情。
小題集訓(xùn)3　單句語法填空
①I am 　　　　　　in what you have told me because your story is very 　　　　 . (interest)
②The work is so 　　　　　 that Mr Smith feels 　　　　.(tire)
③I was 　　　　　　at the letter, which was 　　　　　　　to my classmates. (amaze)
④Mary’s parents are 　　　　　　that she is in a situation that is 　　　　　　. (worry)
interested
interesting
tiring
tired
amazed
amazing
worried
worrying
語 言 知 識 精 析
1.shade n.陰影部分;色度;陰涼處;略微;少量 v.給……遮擋(光線),把……涂暗
教材原文　I wondered at the skill of the artists,their use of colour and how they played with light and shade.　
我對這些藝術(shù)家們的技藝、他們對色彩的運用,以及他們處理明暗的方式感到驚奇。
感知　語言先輸入
①He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)
②Before Vinnie could say yes,the President hurried on,a shade of apology in his voice.(2020·天津7月卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)in/under the shade of 　 在……的陰涼處
put sb/sth in the shade 使某人/物相形見絀;使某人/物黯然失色
a shade of 一點(后面接名詞)
(2)shade sb/sth from/against sth 給某人/物遮擋……
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The children played 　　　　　　the shade of a large beach umbrella.
②The narrow road 　　　　　　(shade) by tall and thick trees.
③I had tried my best,but her work still 　　　　　　　　　　　 .
我已經(jīng)盡力了,但她的工作還是使我的相形見絀。
in/under
is shaded
put mine in the shade
④You can’t look directly into the strong light; you’ve got to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你不能直視強(qiáng)光;你得把眼睛遮住。
shade your eyes from/against it
2.bathe vt.以(光線)灑滿,覆蓋,使沐浴(在光線里);用水清洗vi.游泳
·bath n.沐浴,洗澡;浴盆
教材原文　I enjoyed the whole experience—to be able to bathe my senses in this palace of human creativity.　我很享受整個體驗——能夠讓我的感官沐浴在這個人類創(chuàng)造力的宮殿里。
感知　語言先輸入
①The bay was bathed in the sunshine,and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.
②On hot days we often bathe/go bathing in the river.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be bathed in the light/sunshine 沐浴在光/陽光中
be bathed in sweat 汗流浹背
(2)take/have a bath 洗澡
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Last night,a full moon 　　　　　　(bathe) the countryside in a silver light.
②Do you want a room with a 　　　　　　(bathe) or one without
③Tian’anmen Square is bathed 　　　　　　morning sunshine.
④The sun began to rise in the sky,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(景物描寫)
太陽開始在天空中升起,這使大山沐浴在了金色的陽光之中。
bathed
bath
in
bathing the mountain
in golden sunshine
課 時 測 評 作 業(yè)
基礎(chǔ)語境練
素能提升練
[基礎(chǔ)語境練]
維度一 類比填空(每小題1分,共5分)
1.This news was so all of us were at it.(excite)
2.The result was so we were at it.(surprise)
3.Her question was so that I was too to answer it.(embarrass)
4.I was as to why she said that but when I asked her about it,her reaction was more .(puzzle)
exciting
excited
surprising
surprised
embarrassing
embarrassed
puzzled
puzzling
5.It is news that our team has won the match.Now I am really .(encourage)
encouraging
encouraged
維度二 單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.The portraits and landscape paintings displayed at the gallery possess (strike) features.
2.As I wandered around the gallery,I wondered why this portrait was so vivid and (amuse).
3.Many tourists have been (attract) to this neighbourhood in the past decades.
striking
amusing
attracted
4.Their paintings focused on real life,as (oppose) to the history paintings dominating European art.
5.The artist employed new brushwork to produce art works which were realistic,vivid and _________________(move).
6.Visitors were (surprise)to find many outstanding paintings on display in the exhibition hall.
7.Tourists are not (satisfy) because these scenic spots are not worthy of being visited.
opposed
moving
surprised
satisfied
8.The exhibition contains nothing (interest) that is worthy of note.
9.If you get (lose) in a strange place,you’d better not move and wait for help there.
10.It was (astonish) to everyone that the court had made such a decision.
interesting
lost
astonishing
維度三 語法與寫作(每小題2分,共10分)
1.當(dāng)他聽到結(jié)果時,他似乎很失望。

2.這位老人的工作是粉刷墻。

3.他的表演非常感人,所以觀眾們不停地鼓掌。

He seemed disappointed when he heard the result.
The old man’s job is painting the walls.
His performance was very moving so the audience kept clapping.
4.這封電子郵件如此煩人以至于毀了我的一整天。

5.他們好像不是非常擔(dān)心這種局面。

The email was so annoying that it ruined my whole day.
They don’t seem particularly worried about the situation.
維度四 語法與語篇(每小題2分,共12分)
1. (我很高興) to receive your letter.Now I know 2. (你擔(dān)心你的漢語) so I give you some advice.
First,3. (你應(yīng)該對漢語感興趣),for interest is the best teacher.Second,it’s a good idea that 4. (你致力于讀更多的漢語書) with interesting stories.Lastly,listen to Chinese songs
I am very pleased
you are worried about your Chinese
you should be interested in Chinese
you are devoted to reading more Chinese books
that 5. (有趣的且吸引人的) and watch Chinese programs on TV as often as possible.Only when 6._____________________________ (你下決心) to learn Chinese well and don’t give up can you make progress.
are interesting and fascinating
you are determined
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Picasso’s reputation as a major 20th-century sculptor came only after his death,because he had kept much of his sculpture in his own collection.Beginning in 1928,Picasso began to work in iron and sheet metal in Julio González’s studio in Paris.Then,in 1930,he acquired the Chateau Boisgeloup (northwest of Paris),where he had room for sculpture studios.There,with his mistress Marie-Thérèse Walter as his muse,Picasso began working in 1931 on large-scale plaster heads.In the 1930s he also made constructions incorporating found objects,and until the end of his life Picasso continued working in sculpture in a variety of materials.
Picasso’s ceramics (陶瓷制品) are usually set apart from his main body of work and are treated as less important,because at first glance they seem a somewhat frivolous exercise in the decoration of ordinary objects.Plates,jugs,and vases,made by craftsmen at the Madoura Pottery in Vallauris,were in Picasso’s hands reshaped or painted,gouged out,scratched,or marked by fingerprints and,for the most part,were rendered useless.In turning to craft,Picasso worked with a sense of liberation,experimenting with the play between decoration and form (between two and three dimensions) and between personal and universal meaning.
During that period Picasso’s fame increasingly attracted numerous visitors,including artists and writers,some of whom (Hélène Parmelin, douard Pignon, luard,and especially Louis Aragon) encouraged Picasso’s further political involvement.He contributed designs willingly (his dove was used for the World Peace Congress poster in Warsaw,Poland,in 1950),which was from sincere and lifelong sympathy with any group of repressed people.War and Peace,two panels begun in 1952 to adorn the Temple of Peace attached to an old chapel in Vallauris,reflect Picasso’s personal optimism of those years.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了畢加索的雕塑和陶瓷制品的特點。
1.Which of the following statements is NOT true
A.Picasso only became a famous sculptor after his death.
B.Picasso had a lot of his own collections.
C.In 1930 Picasso began to make incorporating objects.
D.Picasso started working in 1931 on large-scale plaster heads.
解析　正誤判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“In the 1930s he also made constructions incorporating found objects,and until the end of his life Picasso continued working in sculpture in a variety of materials.”可知,他是在20世紀(jì)30年代開始進(jìn)行融合雕塑,而不是在1930年。故選C。
√
2.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “frivolous”
A.Not having any serious purpose or value.
B.Able to be used for a practical purpose.
C.Funny and ridiculous.
D.Expensive and elegant.
解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前文“Picasso’s ceramics are usually set apart from his main body of work and are treated as less important”可知,畢加索的陶瓷作品通常與他的主要作品分開,顯得不那么重要。說明這些陶瓷作品沒有任何重要的目的或者價值。所以frivolous為“無足輕重的”之意。故選A。
√
3.What may be the possible reason for Picasso’s artworks’ success
A.Picasso kept a lot of his artworks after his own death.
B.Picasso had the ability to attract many visitors and writers.
C.Picasso’s artworks carried his sense of liberation and were designed specially.
D.Picasso’s artworks are worth a lot of money.
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段的內(nèi)容可知,畢加索的作品之所以成功,可能是因為畢加索的作品承載了他的解放意識和獨特的設(shè)計。故選C。
√
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.Picasso’s Outstanding Sculpture
B.Why We All Love Picasso’s Art
C.Picasso’s Works of Sculpture and Ceramics
D.Picasso’s In-depth Influence on Art and Politics
解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講述了畢加索的雕塑和陶瓷制品的特點。因此C項“Picasso’s Works of Sculpture and Ceramics”是本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。
√
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
It is hard to give a precise definition of Western art.Perhaps the best way 1.　　　　　　(understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.During the Middle Ages,the purpose 2.　　　　　　 Western art was to teach people about Christianity.Thus,artists were not interested in painting realistic 3.　　　　　　(scene).This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone,4.　　　　　　 paintings showed
real people in a real environment.Next came the Renaissance,when old ideas and values 5.　　　　　　(replace) gradually by new ones from the Middle Ages.Painters adopted a more humanistic attitude to life,6.　　　 　　　(use) perspective and oil paints.The emphasis 7._________ (increasing) shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.After the invention of photography,paintings were no longer needed to preserve 8.　　　　　　 people and the world looked like.As a result,Impressionism emerged in France.The
name of this new movement came from 9.　　　　　　 painting by Claude Monet called Impression,Sunrise.In this work,Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene.After impressionism, Picasso,one of the painters of Modern Art,used Cubism,a new way,to analyse the shapes which 10.　　　　　　(exist) in the natural world.What modern artists attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art ”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了西方藝術(shù)繪畫幾個世紀(jì)以來的發(fā)展。
1.to understand　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:也許了解西方藝術(shù)的最好方法是看看西方繪畫幾個世紀(jì)以來的發(fā)展。此處修飾名詞way應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語,短語the best way to do sth“做某事最好的方式”。故填to understand。]
2.of　[考查介詞。句意:在中世紀(jì),西方藝術(shù)的目的是向人們傳授基督教。表示“……的目的”短語為the purpose of。故填of。]
3.scenes　[考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:因此,藝術(shù)家們對繪制現(xiàn)實場景不感興趣。空處需填名詞作賓語,scene是可數(shù)名詞,此處表示泛指,且沒有冠詞限定,需填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填scenes。]
4.whose　[考查定語從句。句意:這種情況在13世紀(jì)的喬托·迪·邦多納開始改變,他的畫作展示了真實環(huán)境中的真實人物。空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞Giotto di Bondone在從句中作定語,需用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。]
5.were replaced　[考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:接下來是文藝復(fù)興時期,這個時候舊的思想和價值觀逐漸被中世紀(jì)的新思想和價值觀所取代。when引導(dǎo)的定語從句缺少謂語動詞,根據(jù)“came”可知,此處為一般過去時,主語old ideas and values和replace為被動關(guān)系,需用被動語態(tài),謂語動詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were replaced。]
6.using　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:畫家們對生活采取了更加人性化的態(tài)度,運用透視法和油畫顏料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,use在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語Painters構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用動詞-ing形式作狀語。故填using。]
7.increasingly　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:重點越來越多地從宗教主題轉(zhuǎn)移到人們和我們周圍的世界上。修飾動詞shifted應(yīng)用副詞increasingly,作狀語。故填increasingly。]
8.what　[考查賓語從句。句意:在攝影術(shù)發(fā)明之后,人們不再需要繪畫來保存人和世界的樣子。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句缺少賓語,需用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what。]
9.the　[考查冠詞。句意:這個新運動的名字來自克勞德·莫奈的畫作《日出·印象》。名詞painting此處特指克勞德·莫奈的《日出·印象》這幅畫,應(yīng)用定冠詞。故填the。]
10.existed　[考查時態(tài)。句意:繼印象派之后,現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)畫家之一的畢加索采用了立體主義這一新的方法來分析自然界中存在的形狀。which引導(dǎo)的定語從句缺少謂語動詞,此處陳述過去的事實,使用一般過去時。故填existed。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關(guān)鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:sculptor n.雕刻家,雕塑家　incorporating adj.合并的　render v.使成為;使變得 involvement n.參與　
語法填空:perspective n.透視法;態(tài)度;觀點;思考方法
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:for the most part在極大程度上,多半
語法填空:give a precise definition給出一個精確的定義　humanistic attitude人文主義的態(tài)度
熟詞生義 閱讀理解:treat熟義:v.對待;醫(yī)治;請客,招待　
生義:v.把……看作,把……視為
Picasso’s ceramics are usually set apart from his main body of work and are treated as less important...　畢加索的陶瓷作品通常與他的主要作品分開,被認(rèn)為不那么重要……
I decided to treat his remark as a joke.　我決定把他的話當(dāng)作戲言。
難句剖析 閱讀理解:Then,in 1930,he acquired the Chateau Boisgeloup (northwest of Paris),where he had room for sculpture studios.
[譯文]　然后,在1930年,他收購了Chateau Boisgeloup(巴黎西北部),在那里他有了雕塑工作室的空間。
[分析]　本句是復(fù)合句,主句是he acquired the Chateau Boisgeloup,where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在定語從句中作地點狀語。
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