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UNIT 3 The art of painting——繪畫藝術
主題語境:人與社會——繪畫藝術
大觀念之單元話題:本單元在“人與社會”的主題語境下,探討了“繪畫藝術”。涉及的語篇類型多樣,有旅行日記、博客文章、操作指南、海報等。旨在幫助學生更多地了解中外繪畫知識,增強文化意識,提高藝術修養。
①feature / fi t (r)/ v.以……特色
②architecture / k tekt (r)/n.建筑學
③precious / pre s/adj.珍奇的;珍稀的
④giant / d a nt/n.偉人,卓越人物
⑤manuscript / m nj skr pt/n.手稿;草稿
⑥documentary / d kju ment( )ri/n.紀錄影片;紀實廣播(或電視)節目
類文悅讀·情境導學
　　中國國家博物館正在舉辦一個新的特別展覽,包括中國國家博物館精心挑選的350多件藏品。展覽結合他們的生活用品、視頻和照片,旨在全面了解這些中國大師。
Masterpieces on display at National Museum of China
The National Museum of China is hosting a new special exhibition featuring① masters in various areas like the fine arts,literature and architecture②. The new exhibition,which occupies two exhibition halls at the museum over six sections,includes over 350 items carefully selected by the National Museum of China.
These precious③ art treasures include Qi Baishi’s painting Pine,Crane and the Rising Sun and Xu Beihong’s painting Jiu Fang Gao,or Horse Master as well as literature giant④ Lu Xun’s manuscripts⑤,musician Xian Xinghai’s music scores and personal letters from writers Cao Yu and Li Siguang.
Together with their life items,videos and photos,the exhibition aims to give a full picture of these Chinese masters.
According to Wang Chunfa,director of the National Museum of China,the exhibition,based on the documentary⑥ series,offers visitors a chance to get close to 100 masters who made great contributions to Chinese culture.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
答案　The title “First impressions”,together with the pictures,reminds me of the Impressionist painters and their unique techniques. The travel journal could mention how painters used the techniques,what effects they created,as well as the reasons why they used the techniques.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The author’s first impression of the Impressionists.
B.The author’s first impression of the Impressionist art museum—Musée d’Orsay.
C.The author’s first impression of the Impressionists’ masterpieces.
D.The author’s first impression of the Post-Impressionist painters.
答案　B
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each part.
Part1(Para.1)　A.Impressionist painters shared some similarities in terms of their subject matter and painting techniques,and influenced future painters and modern art.
Part 2(Paras.2-4)　B.Seeing the Musée d’Orsay was what I was looking forward to most about my trip to Paris.
Part 3(Paras.5 & 6)　C.I was impressed by two of the greatest Impressionist painters Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir the most.
答案　Part 1 B　Part 2 C　Part 3 A
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the text type of the passage
A.An advertisement. B.A book review.
C.A diary. D.An interview.
2.What do we know about the Musée d’Orsay
A.It is located in an old railway building.
B.It is the most famous in the world.
C.There are paintings of all kinds of movements.
D.It is a place everyone expects to visit.
3.What does the phrase “laid eyes on” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Buy. B.View.
C.Draw. D.Place.
4.What can we learn about Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette
A.It’s Renoir’s most famous painting.
B.It was painted by Renoir in 1876.
C.It is made up of small areas of light.
D.It shows so much clear details.
5.What can we infer from the passage
A.There is only an Impressionist gallery in the Musée d’Orsay.
B.Impressionists seldom painted everyday subject matter.
C.Not only Post-Impressionist painters but also modern artists have been influenced by Impressionism.
D.Impressionist painters paid attention to every detail.
答案　1.C　2.A　3.B　4.B　5.C
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構
1.Even though I had admired them hundreds of times on my computer screen,nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing.(P30 Para.2)
[學會斷句]　此句為主從復合句。主句為nothing could have prepared me for the wonder,句中Even though引導讓步狀語從句;I felt為省略了關系代詞that或which的定語從句,修飾先行詞the wonder;when I finally...為時間狀語從句。
嘗試翻譯:盡管我曾在電腦屏幕上數百次地欣賞過它們,但當我最終看到實物時,我所感受到的驚奇令我怎么也沒想到。
2.Impressionist artists did not try to paint every detail in a scene—just a brief “impression” they had at that moment,burning with vivid colours and light,before it disappeared.(P31 Para.5)
[學會斷句]　此句為主從復合句。主句為Impressionist artists did not try to paint every detail,句中they had at the moment 為省略了關系詞的定語從句,修飾先行詞impression;burning with vivid colours and light為現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語;before引導時間狀語從句。
嘗試翻譯:印象派畫家不會試圖描繪場景中的每一個細節——只是他們在那一刻產生的瞬間“印象”,在它消失之前,迸發著鮮明的光彩。
Ⅱ.翻轉課堂(課文語法填空)
1.Visiting (visit) museums is a very rewarding experience. On June 3rd this year,I paid a visit 2.to the Musée d’Orsay in Paris,which features some of the best-known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.
Among so many amazing works,I 3.was impressed(impress) by two of the greatest Impressionist painters,Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. 4.Inspired (inspire) by nature,Monet spent thirty 5.years (year) of life painting mostly scenes from his garden.Monet’s famous piece Blue Water Lilies shows one of these scenes. Around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond 6.are (be)all in different colours and styles. Renoir, I noticed,preferred to paint scenes of everyday life. His 1876 masterpiece Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette shows life in 7.a busy neighbourhood of Paris on a Sunday afternoon. It was their similarities 8.which/that can be seen throughout the Impressionists’ paintings that stayed with me long after I left the Musée d’Orsay.
The Impressionists’ vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters such 9.as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin. The Impressionist movement has also made a 10.difference (different)to modern art. It certainly left a lasting impression on me too!
[原文呈現]　 First impressions
3 June
Paris,France
As a huge art fan,I knew exactly what I was looking forward to① most about my trip to Paris: visiting the Musée d’Orsay[1].Housed② in an old railway building[2],this world-famous art museum features③ some of the best-known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.
[1]此處what 引導賓語從句。
[2]此處house活用為動詞,Housed in an old railway building為過去分詞短語作狀語。
As I wandered through the Impressionist gallery④,I appreciated masterpieces like The Ballet Class and The Card Players.Even though I had admired them hundreds of times on my computer screen,nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on ⑤ the real thing[3]. While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works,the artists who made the deepest impression on⑥ me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters,Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
[3]句中Even though引導讓步狀語從句,when引導時間狀語從句,I felt是省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句,修飾wonder。
I could see from Monet’s works that he was greatly inspired by nature.In the last three decades⑦ of his life he painted mostly⑧ scenes from his garden.One of these scenes is shown in the famous piece Blue Water Lilies,which I studied for quite a while in the gallery.I couldn’t believe it when I heard he did around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond⑨,all in different colours and styles[4]. It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene,he brought the pond’s beauty to the canvas⑩ in a unique way.
[4]句中when引導時間狀語從句,從句中heard后跟一個省略了that的賓語從句。
Renoir,I noticed,preferred to paint scenes of everyday life.For me,the most interesting of his paintings is his 1876 masterpiece Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette,which shows life in a busy neighbourhood of Paris on a Sunday afternoon.When I saw it up close ,I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting,and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together[5].There’s so much going on,but so little clear detail.This effect makes the lively movement of the dance almost jump out at the viewer.
[5]句中When引導時間狀語從句,主句由and連接的兩個并列分句組成。
Although the paintings had very different settings ,it was their similarities that stayed with me long after I left the Musée d’Orsay—similarities which can be seen throughout the Impressionists’ paintings.Monet and Renoir,along with other like-minded artists ,sought liberation from the rules of the old style.Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works,as opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art[6].They employed free brushwork and used colours to show the effect of light on things,creating paintings that were far less realistic than the works that came before.To me,these techniques are the essence of the Impressionist view of art.Impressionist artists did not try to paint every detail in a scene—just a brief “impression” they had at that moment[7],burning with vivid colours and light,before it disappeared[8].
[6]此處that引導定語從句。
[7]此處為定語從句,前面省略that/which。
[8]畫線部分為現在分詞短語作狀語。
The Impressionists’ vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin,whose works are also displayed at the Musée d’Orsay[9].It is also worthy of note that Post-Impressionist painters were not the only ones to be influenced by Impressionism—the movement has had a lasting influence on modern art,encouraging artists to look at the world from an entirely new point of view.It certainly left a lasting impression on me too!
[9]此處whose引導非限制性定語從句。
[名師圈點]
①look forward to
(高興地)盼望,期待;其中to是介詞
②house /haus/ v.[熟詞生義] 安置,收藏
③feature / fi t (r)/ vt.以……為特色 n.特征,特色
④gallery / ɡ l ri/ n.展覽館,畫廊;長廊,走廊;樓上旁聽席
⑤lay/set eyes on sb/sth看見某人某物(lay的過去式和過去分詞均為 laid)
⑥make/leave a(n)...impression on
給……留下……印象
impress / m pres/ vi.& vt.
(使)留下深刻印象
impressive / m pres v/ adj.
令人敬佩的;令人贊嘆的
⑦decade / deke d;d ke d/
n.十年,十年期
⑧mostly / m stli/ adv.主要地,一般地
⑨pond /p nd/ n.池塘,水池
⑩canvas / k nv s/ n.畫布,油畫;帆布
neighbourhood / ne b h d/ (AmE neighborhood) n.街區,城區;鄰近的地方
up close在近處,很近地
strike /stra k/ vt. & vi.(struck,struck) 突然想到;撞,碰;打;突擊;罷工;劃(火柴) n.罷工;襲擊;擊,打
be stuck by 被……打動,迷戀……
jump out at...(某人)一眼就看得出來,極易引起(某人)注意
setting / set / n.環境,背景;情節背景
similarity / s m l r ti/ n.[C]相似處;[U]相似性,類似性
along with與……一起(along with連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞的人稱和數要與along with 前面的主語保持一致)
like-minded artists
志趣相投的藝術家們
like-minded / la k ma nd d/ adj.
想法相同的,志趣相投的
liberation / l b re n/ n.解放,擺脫
subject matter n.[U](著作、講話,繪畫等的)主題,題材,主要內容
opposed / p zd/ adj.
截然不同的;強烈反對的
as opposed to (表示對比)而,相對于
dominate / d m ne t/ vt.& vi.
在……中具有最重要(或明顯)的特色;支配,控制;占有優勢;俯視
employ / m pl / vt.
運用,使用;雇用
brushwork / br w k/ n.
(畫家的)筆觸,畫法
essence / esns/ n.
本質,精髓;香精,精油
in essence本質上
vivid / v v d/ adj.鮮明的,耀眼的;生動的
give a vivid description /account of...生動地描述……
vision / v n/ [U]遠見卓識;視力,視野;[C]想象
have good/perfect/poor /normal vision 視力好/極好/差/正常
[拓展]　visible / v z b( )l/ adj.看得見的;可見的;明顯的
display /d sple / vt.陳列,展出;顯示,表現 n.陳列,展覽;表現;展示
on display 陳列,展出
worthy / w i/ adj.值得(或應得)……的;值得尊敬的,值得注意的
point of view n.[C]考慮角度,判斷方法;觀點,態度
[拓展]　from one’s point of view
在某人看來;從某人的角度來看
[參考譯文]　 第一印象
6月3日
法國巴黎
作為一個超級藝術迷,我確切地知道這次巴黎之行我最期待的是什么: 參觀奧賽博物館。這座舉世聞名的藝術博物館設于一座古老的鐵路建筑中,重點展出十九世紀印象派運動中最著名的一些畫作。
當我漫步在印象派畫廊時,我欣賞到了像《舞蹈課》和《玩紙牌者》這樣的杰作。盡管我曾在電腦屏幕上數百次地欣賞過它們,但當我最終看到實物時,我所感受到的驚奇令我怎么也沒想到。雖然很難從這么多令人驚嘆的作品中挑選出一幅最喜歡的畫,但給我印象最深的藝術家是兩位最偉大的印象派畫家克勞德·莫奈和皮埃爾-奧古斯特·雷諾阿。
我可以從莫奈的作品中看出他受到了大自然的極大啟發。在他生命的最后30年里,他畫的大多是他花園的場景。其中一個場景出現在著名作品《藍睡蓮》中,我在美術館里仔細看了很長一段時間。當我聽說他為同一個睡蓮池畫了大約250幅不同顏色和風格的畫時,我簡直不敢相信。令人驚嘆的是,每次莫奈觀察這處簡單的風景時,他都以一種獨特的方式讓池塘的美躍然于畫布之上。
我注意到,雷諾阿更喜歡畫日常生活的場景。對我來說,他最有趣的繪畫作品是他1876年的杰作《煎餅磨坊的舞會》,它展示了周日下午巴黎繁忙街區的生活。我靠近觀察,畫面上遍布著小面積的光斑,人物柔和的輪廓好像融為一體,令我驚嘆不已。有這么多事情發生,但很少有清晰的細節。這種效果使舞蹈的活潑動作幾乎一下子吸引住觀眾。
　　盡管這些畫的背景截然不同,但在我離開奧賽博物館后很長一段時間里,它們的相似之處一直留在我的腦海中——這種相似之處在印象派畫家的畫作中隨處可見。莫奈和雷諾阿,以及其他志趣相投的藝術家,尋求從舊風格的規則中解放出來。日常題材是他們作品的重點,這有別于傳統上在歐洲藝術中占主導地位的歷史題材畫作。他們運用了自由的筆觸,用色彩來展示光投射在物體上的效果,創作出的繪畫作品遠不像前人所作的那么寫實。對我來說,這些技巧是印象派藝術的精髓。印象派畫家不會試圖描繪場景中的每一個細節——只是他們在那一刻產生的瞬間“印象”,在它消失之前,迸發著鮮明的光彩。
印象派畫家的遠見卓識啟發了新一代的后印象派畫家,如文森特·凡·高和保羅·高更,他們的作品也在奧賽博物館展出。同樣值得注意的是,后印象派畫家并不是唯一受到印象派影響的人——印象派運動對現代藝術產生了持久的影響,鼓勵藝術家從一個全新的角度看世界。這當然也給我留下了難以磨滅的印象!
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共27.5分)
A
What’s On
Master’s teens
Forceful Cuts,now running at the Art Museum of China Profiles,through to Sept 17,shows the late artist Huang Yongyu’s efforts in woodcut art. His woodcuts show a good assessment of human nature,with wisdom and humor. Huang once said he lived every day in the same serious way as he worked on wood,“paying great attention to every cut”.
9 am—5 pm,closed on Mondays.
66 Shapowei,Daxue Road,Siming district,Xiamen,Fujian Province.
Art into soul
Two artists Xu Li and Andrey Kovalchuk are presenting an exhibition at Shanghai’s New Art Museum,through to July 30.Xu is showing dozens of his oil paintings. Kovalchuk,who chairs the Russian artists association,brings 24 sculptures. The show compares the cultural traditions and individual concerns of the two cultures.
9 am—5 pm,closed on Mondays.
1528 Gumei Road,Shanghai.
Eternal glare
The use of raw lacquer (生漆) to better preserve objects,such as bowls,and meanwhile decorate life can date back to the Neolithic culture in China. Throughout centuries,lacquer art has been viewed as an important part of Hubei’s cultural heritage (遺產). Dozens of fine examples of this art from the collection of the Hubei Museum of Art are now on show at World of Lacquer,an exhibition running through to July 30,at the Anhui Art Museum.
9 am—5 pm,closed on Mondays.
1 Chengdu Road,Binhu New District,Hefei,Anhui Province.
Academy work
Over 240 paintings,prints,sculptures and seal engravings (篆刻) are on show at the gallery of the China National Academy of Painting until July 8,offering a look of the works of academy artists all over the country. The exhibition shows works done in the traditional style and new explorations.
9 am—4:30 pm,closed on Mondays.
54 Xisanhuan Beilu,Haidian district,Beijing.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個藝術博物館的展出內容以及相關的信息。
1.What can you enjoy at the Art Museum of China Profiles
A.Lacquer art. B.Oil paintings.
C.Woodcuts. D.Seal engravings.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據Master’s teens中“Forceful Cuts,now running at...with wisdom and humor.”可知,你能在中國藝術博物館欣賞到木刻藝術。故選C項。]
2.In which museum can you learn about an ancient art of preserving objects
A.The Anhui Art Museum.
B.Shanghai’s New Art Museum.
C.The Art Museum of China Profiles.
D.The China National Academy of Painting.
答案　A　[細節理解題。根據Eternal glare中“The use of raw lacquer (生漆) to better preserve objects,such as bowls,and meanwhile decorate life can date back to the Neolithic culture in China.”以及“Dozens of fine examples of this art from...at the Anhui Art Museum.”可知,在安徽美術館你能了解到保存文物的古老藝術。故選A項。]
3.What is special about the exhibition held in Beijing
A.It is not open to the public on Mondays.
B.It compares two different cultural traditions.
C.It tells the story of a late artist.
D.It shows works of academy artists across the country.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據Academy work中“Over 240 paintings,...works of academy artists all over the country.”以及“54 Xisanhuan Beilu,Haidian district,Beijing.”可知,在北京舉辦的展覽會展示了全國各地學院藝術家的作品。故選D項。]
B
People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years.The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals.They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill.Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.No one knows why they were painted there.Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals.Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.
About 5,000 years ago,the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as a kind of writing.They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas,and also to represent the sounds of their language.The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet (字母表).The Egyptians used to record information and tell stories by putting picture writing and pictures together.When an important person died,scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried(埋葬).For the Egyptians,pictures still had magic power.So they did not try to make their way of writing simple.The ordinary people could not understand it.
These days,we can write down a story,or record information,without using pictures.But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing,photographs,signs and diagrams.We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers,in the street,and on the walls of the places where we live and work.Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily,and they can make a story much more interesting.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了繪畫的歷史以及今天圖畫的用途。
4.Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because 　　　　.
A.the hunters wanted to see the pictures
B.the painters were animal lovers
C.the painters wanted to show imagination
D.the pictures were thought to be helpful
答案　D　[細節理解題。 根據文章第一段中的“Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals.”可知,古代人以為他們的繪畫會對捕捉動物有所幫助,故選D。]
5.How did the Egyptians record information and tell stories
A.By combining picture writing and pictures.
B.By painting pictures of the animals.
C.By writing them down in a book.
D.By singing them.
答案　A　[細節理解題。根據第二段中的“The Egyptians used to record information and tell stories by putting picture writing and pictures together.”可知,埃及人過去把象形文字和繪畫放在一起來記錄信息和講述故事。故選A。]
6.Why did the Egyptians make their way of writing complex
A.Because they wanted to show they were educated.
B.Because they wanted to express their mixed feelings.
C.Because they thought pictures had magic power.
D.Because they thought writing was better than pictures.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第二段中的“For the Egyptians,pictures still had magic power.So they did not try to make their way of writing simple.”可知,在埃及人看來,圖畫還具有魔力。所以他們不去簡化他們的書寫形式。故選C。]
7.What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A.Pictures should be made comprehensible.
B.Pictures should be made interesting.
C.Pictures are of much use in our life.
D.Pictures have disappeared from our life.
答案　C　[段落大意題。文章最后一段講述了圖畫在今天的用途,故選C。]
C
Throughout history,many of the world’s greatest artists never achieved tremendous fame until after their death.That’s the case of Vivian Maier,who’s now considered to be one of the most important American street photographers of the last century,alongside famous names like Diane Arbus and Henri Cartier-Bresson.But she remained unknown for much of her life,and it was only a chance encounter with a box of negatives that put her in the spotlight.
Details of her life are unclear,but she was born in New York City in the 1920s to European parents.Maier grew up in France before returning to the U.S.,where she spent several decades working as a nanny in Chicago to wealthy families.During her days off Maier is thought to have taken more than 100,000 photographs of people and city scenes in Chicago,yet she kept the photos to herself—many of them never developed.
Skip ahead to 2007,a Chicago historian and collector,John Maloof,came across Maier’s work by accident after purchasing a box of tens of thousands of undeveloped negatives for $380 Sat an auction (拍賣).As he developed them,Maloof realized they were more than just photos.He was looking at evocative (喚起回憶的) art illustrating a Chicago of the mid-20-century that nobody had never seen.Maloof worked to uncover who the photographer was,acquiring more and more of her work.But before he could locate her,Maier had already passed away in 2009,having slipped on ice and never recovering from her head injury.
While Maloof researched Maier’s work,more details emerged.She kept to herself,her employers said,and she would spend her free days taking photos on the streets of Chicago with a Rolleiflex camera.According to Maloof,the children Maier took care of knew she was constantly taking photos,yet she never showed her photos to anyone.Maier also traveled around the world,as indicated by some of her photos.
Other collectors began to acquire Maier’s photos,but Maloof owns much of her work.He released a book,Vivian Maier: Street Photographer,in 2011,and his documentary, Finding Vivian Maier,came out in 2013.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章介紹了美國業余街頭攝影師Vivian Maier及其作品的發現過程。
8.Which word can be used to describe Vivian’s life
A.Risky. B.Wealthy.
C.Mysterious. D.Miserable.
答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句“But she remained unknown...put her in the spotlight.”及第二段第一句“Details of her life are...to European parents.”可知,關于Vivian Maier的生活,人們了解的并不多,因此可以用“神秘”來形容她的一生。]
9.What do we know about Vivian Maier
A.She was born in France.
B.She never developed her photos.
C.She enjoyed great fame in her life.
D.She took photos of Chicago and other cities.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第四段第二句“She kept to herself,her...with a Rolleiflex camera.”和最后一句“Maier also traveled around...by some of her photos.”可知,Vivian Maier拍攝了芝加哥及其他城市的照片。]
10.What did Maloof do after he found Maier’s photos
A.He approached Maier’s former employers.
B.He managed to meet the artist in the flesh.
C.He released a collection of Maier’s work.
D.He purchased more developed negatives.
答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據第四段前兩句“While Maloof researched Maier’s...with a Rolleiflex camera.”可推知,Maloof在發現Maier的作品后,為了更好地了解她,聯系了她之前的雇主。]
11.What can be inferred about Vivian Maier’s photos
A.They were presented to her employers.
B.They were meant to earn her a fortune.
C.They were taken by a professional artist.
D.They were of artistic and historical value.
答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據第三段第二句和第三句“As he developed...nobody had never seen.”可知,Vivian Maier所拍攝的照片兼具藝術和歷史價值。]
Ⅱ.七選五(每小題2.5分,共12.5分)
The Steps in Restoring a Painting
Every work is different. The only thing they all have in common is it takes time! Below we have broken the restoration (修復) process into 6 major steps.
Step 1 The Test Clean
We use “Ultraviolet Light (紫外光)” to check which generally shows up any previous restoration. Once satisfied,we then “Spot Clean” in several places using a cotton stick to carefully remove the varnish (亮光漆) and determine what lies beneath! 　1　
Step 2 Client Communication
We always contact the client at this stage! 　2　 After detailed discussions it was decided to reveal and restore the original painting.
Step 3 Total Clean
　3　 It involves extreme care in removing the many years of old varnish and any previous restoration or repainting work done by other restorers to reveal the original painting.
Step 4 Stretchers and Relining
It’s at this stage where the canvas (畫布) is relined.　4　 We always try to keep the painting as original as possible.
Step 5 Retouching
Retouching is extremely time-consuming and must be undertaken with great care! Although we are literally “drawing” paint to infill the damaged areas,the style and brushwork of the original artist must be respected and copied to maintain the authenticity (真實性) of the work.
Step 6 Varnishing and Finishing
　5　 We offer a choice from Matt,Semi Matt through to full Gloss to meet the clients’ taste. They are applied by hand or spray to suit the work and style of the painting.
A.We discuss the way forward.
B.This stage frightens many people.
C.Total clean is a slow and painful job.
D.We use a range of top quality varnishes to protect the work.
E.The effect must match the original painting as closely as possible.
F.And only in the most extreme circumstances would we fit a new or recycled stretcher.
G.This is the first time we can truly know what work is required to complete the restoration.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了修復繪畫的步驟。
1.G　[根據小標題和上文內容可推知,進行“檢查清潔”是修復繪畫的第一步,通過檢查來發現需要對什么地方進行修復,并先對其進行清潔,即G選項“This is the first time we can truly know what work is required to complete the restoration.”符合題意,故選G項。]
2.A　[上文“We always contact the client at this stage!”提出聯系客戶,A項“We discuss the way forward.”承接上文,說明聯系客戶的目的,上下文語意連貫。故選A項。]
3.C　[C項“Total clean is a slow and painful job.”對應該部分的小標題,對其做進一步的說明,上下文語意連貫。故選C項。]
4.F　[下文“We always try to keep the painting as original as possible.”是對F項“And only in the most extreme circumstances would we fit a new or recycled stretcher.”的解釋說明,即只有在極端情況下才會更換畫框,因為原則是保持畫原來的樣子。F項中“stretcher”與小標題相照應。故選F項。]
5.D　[下文“We offer a choice...style of the painting.”講述了修復用漆的選擇,是對D項“We use a range of top quality varnishes to protect the work.”內容的說明,上下文語意連貫。故選D項。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 A篇:woodcut n.木刻　sculpture n.雕塑　B篇:represent v.代表 C篇:variation n.變化,變動;變奏曲　七選五:maintain v.維持;保持
主題詞塊 A篇:a good assessment of human nature對人性的良好評價 C篇:in comparison with與……比較,同……比較起來　in terms of就……而言;從……角度來看
熟詞生義 A篇:chair熟義:n.椅子;主席;委員長　生義:v.擔任;主持;管理 He was about to chair a meeting in Venice of E.U. foreign ministers. 他將擔任威尼斯歐盟外交部部長會議的主席。
難句剖析 C篇:Different ways of creating lines are used when painting a landscape,flowers and birds,clouds,and bamboos. [譯文]　在畫風景、花鳥、云、竹時,用不同的方法來畫線。 [分析]　本句是復合句,主句是Different ways are used。when painting a landscape,flowers and birds,clouds,and bamboos是狀語從句的省略,相當于when they were painting a landscape,flowers and birds,clouds,and bamboos。(共84張PPT)
主題語境:人與社會——繪畫藝術
UNIT 3　The art of painting——繪畫藝術
大觀念之單元話題:本單元在“人與社會”的主題語境下,探討了“繪畫藝術”。涉及的語篇類型多樣,有旅行日記、博客文章、操作指南、海報等。旨在幫助學生更多地了解中外繪畫知識,增強文化意識,提高藝術修養。
①feature / fi t (r)/ v.以……特色
②architecture / k tekt (r)/ n.建筑學
③precious / pre s/ adj.珍奇的;珍稀的
④giant / d a nt/ n.偉人,卓越人物
⑤manuscript / m nj skr pt/ n.手稿;草稿
⑥documentary / d kju ment( )ri/ n.紀錄影片;紀實廣播(或電視)節目
類文悅讀·情境導學
　　中國國家博物館正在舉辦一個新的特別展覽,包括中國國家博物館精心挑選的350多件藏品。展覽結合他們的生活用品、視頻和照片,旨在全面了解這些中國大師。
Masterpieces on display at National Museum of China
The National Museum of China is hosting a new special exhibition featuring① masters in various areas like the fine arts,literature and architecture②. The new exhibition,which occupies two exhibition halls at the museum over six sections,includes over 350 items carefully selected by the National Museum of China.
These precious③ art treasures include Qi Baishi’s painting Pine,Crane and the Rising Sun and Xu Beihong’s painting Jiu Fang Gao,or Horse Master as well as literature giant④ Lu Xun’s manuscripts⑤,musician Xian Xinghai’s music scores and personal letters from writers Cao Yu and Li Siguang.
Together with their life items,videos and photos,the exhibition aims to give a full picture of these Chinese masters.
According to Wang Chunfa,director of the National Museum of China,the exhibition,based on the documentary⑥ series,offers visitors a chance to get close to 100 masters who made great contributions to Chinese culture.
文本整體理解
內
容
索
引
語篇助解釋疑
課時測評作業
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
文 本 整 體 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The title “First impressions”,together with the pictures,reminds me of the Impressionist painters and their unique techniques. The travel journal could mention how painters used the techniques,what effects they created,as well as the reasons why they used the techniques.
Step Two:While－reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The author’s first impression of the Impressionists.
B.The author’s first impression of the Impressionist art museum—Musée d’Orsay.
C.The author’s first impression of the Impressionists’ masterpieces.
D.The author’s first impression of the Post－Impressionist painters.
√
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Para.1)　A.Impressionist painters shared some similarities in terms of their subject matter and painting techniques,and influenced future painters and modern art.
Part 2(Paras.2－4)B.Seeing the Musée d’Orsay was what I was looking forward to most about my trip to Paris.
Part 3(Paras.5 & 6)C.I was impressed by two of the greatest Impressionist painters Claude Monet and Pierre－Auguste Renoir the most.
答案 Part 1 B　Part 2 C　Part 3 A
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
visiting
Impressionist
gallery
works
masterpiece
similarities
influence
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the text type of the passage
A.An advertisement.
B.A book review.
C.A diary.
D.An interview
√
2.What do we know about the Musée d’Orsay
A.It is located in an old railway building.
B.It is the most famous in the world.
C.There are paintings of all kinds of movements.
D.It is a place everyone expects to visit.
√
3.What does the phrase “laid eyes on” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Buy. B.View.
C.Draw. D.Place.
√
4.What can we learn about Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette
A.It’s Renoir’s most famous painting.
B.It was painted by Renoir in 1876.
C.It is made up of small areas of light.
D.It shows so much clear details.
√
5.What can we infer from the passage
A.There is only an Impressionist gallery in the Musée d’Orsay.
B.Impressionists seldom painted everyday subject matter.
C.Not only Post－Impressionist painters but also modern artists have been influenced by Impressionism.
D.Impressionist painters paid attention to every detail.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構
1.Even though I had admired them hundreds of times on my computer screen,nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing.(P30 Para.2)
[學會斷句]　此句為　　 　　句。主句為　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, 句中Even though引導讓步狀語從句;I felt為省略了關系代詞　　　　　　的定語從句,修飾先行詞the wonder;when I finally...為時間狀語從句。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
主從復合
nothing could have
prepared me for the wonder
that或which
盡管我曾在電腦屏幕上數百次地欣賞過它們,但當我最終看到實物時,我所感受到的驚奇令我怎么也沒想到。
2.Impressionist artists did not try to paint every detail in a scene—just a brief “impression” they had at that moment,burning with vivid colours and light,before it disappeared.(P31 Para.5)
[學會斷句]　此句為　 　　　句。主句為______________________
____________________________, 句中they had at the moment 為省略了關系詞的　　　　從句,修飾先行詞impression;burning with vivid colours and light為現在分詞短語作　　　 　;before引導時間狀語從句。
主從復合
Impressionist artists
did not try to paint every detail
定語
伴隨狀語
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
印象派畫家不會試圖描繪場景中的每一個細節——只是他們在那一刻產生的瞬間“印象”,在它消失之前,迸發著鮮明的光彩。
Ⅱ.翻轉課堂(課文語法填空)
1.　　　　　　 (visit) museums is a very rewarding experience. On June 3rd this year,I paid a visit 2.　　　　　　 the Musée d’Orsay in Paris,which features some of the best－known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.
Among so many amazing works,I 3.　　　　 　　(impress) by two of the greatest Impressionist painters,Claude Monet and Pierre－Auguste Renoir. 4.　　　　　　 (inspire) by nature,Monet spent
Visiting
to
was impressed
Inspired
thirty 5.　　　　　　 (year) of life painting mostly scenes from his garden.Monet’s famous piece Blue Water Lilies shows one of these scenes. Around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond 6.__________ (be)all in different colours and styles. Renoir, I noticed,preferred to paint scenes of everyday life. His 1876 masterpiece Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette shows life in 7.　　　　　　 busy neighbourhood of Paris on a Sunday afternoon. It was their similarities 8._____________ can be seen throughout the Impressionists’ paintings that stayed with me long after I left the Musée d’Orsay.
years
are
a
which/that
The Impressionists’ vision inspired a whole new generation of Post－Impressionist painters such 9.______________ Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin. The Impressionist movement has also made a 10.　　　　　　 (different)to modern art. It certainly left a lasting impression on me too!
as
difference
語 篇 助 解 釋 疑
[1]此處what 引導賓語從句。
[2]此處house活用為動詞,Housed in an old railway building為過去分詞短語作狀語。
[3]句中Even though引導讓步狀語從句,when引導時間狀語從句,I felt是省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句,修飾wonder。
[4]句中when引導時間狀語從句,從句中heard后跟一個省略了that的賓語從句。
[5]句中When引導時間狀語從句,主句由and連接的兩個并列分句組成。
[6]此處that引導定語從句。
[7]此處為定語從句,前面省略that/which。
[8]畫線部分為現在分詞短語作狀語。
[9]此處whose引導非限制性定語從句。
[名師圈點]
①look forward to(高興地)盼望,期待;其中to是介詞
②house /haus/ v.[熟詞生義] 安置,收藏
③feature / fi t (r)/ vt.以……為特色 n.特征,特色
④gallery / ɡ l ri/ n.展覽館,畫廊;長廊,走廊;樓上旁聽席
⑤lay/set eyes on sb/sth看見某人某物(lay的過去式和過去分詞均為 laid
⑥make/leave a(n)...impression on給……留下……印象
impress / m pres/ vi.& vt.(使)留下深刻印象
impressive / m pres v/ adj.令人敬佩的;令人贊嘆的
⑦decade / deke d;d ke d/n.十年,十年期
⑧mostly / m stli/ adv.主要地,一般地
⑨pond /p nd/ n.池塘,水池
⑩canvas / k nv s/ n.畫布,油畫;帆布
neighbourhood / ne b h d/ (AmE neighborhood) n.街區,城區;鄰近的地方
up close在近處,很近地
strike /stra k/ vt. & vi.(struck,struck) 突然想到;撞,碰;打;突擊;罷工;劃(火柴) n.罷工;襲擊;擊,打
be stuck by 被……打動,迷戀……
jump out at...(某人)一眼就看得出來,極易引起(某人)注意
setting / set / n.環境,背景;情節背景
similarity / s m l r ti/ n.[C]相似處;[U]相似性,類似性
along with與……一起(along with連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞的人稱和數要與along with 前面的主語保持一致)
like－minded artists志趣相投的藝術家們
like－minded / la k ma nd d/ adj.想法相同的,志趣相投的
liberation / l b re n/ n.解放,擺脫
subject matter n.[U](著作、講話,繪畫等的)主題,題材,主要內容
opposed / p zd/ adj.截然不同的;強烈反對的
as opposed to (表示對比)而,相對于
dominate / d m ne t/ vt.& vi.在……中具有最重要(或明顯)的特色;支配,控制;占有優勢;俯視
employ / m pl / vt.運用,使用;雇用
brushwork / br w k/ n.(畫家的)筆觸,畫法
essence / esns/ n.本質,精髓;香精,精油
in essence本質上
vivid / v v d/ adj.鮮明的,耀眼的;生動的
give a vivid description /account of...生動地描述……
vision / v n/ [U]遠見卓識;視力,視野;[C]想象
have good/perfect/poor /normal vision 視力好/極好/差/正常
[拓展]　visible / v z b( )l/ adj.看得見的;可見的;明顯的
display /d sple / vt.陳列,展出;顯示,表現 n.陳列,展覽;表現;展示
on display 陳列,展出
worthy / w i/ adj.值得(或應得)……的;值得尊敬的,值得注意的
point of view n.[C]考慮角度,判斷方法;觀點,態度
[拓展]　from one’s point of view在某人看來;從某人的角度來看
[參考譯文]　 第一印象
6月3日
法國巴黎
作為一個超級藝術迷,我確切地知道這次巴黎之行我最期待的是什么: 參觀奧賽博物館。這座舉世聞名的藝術博物館設于一座古老的鐵路建筑中,重點展出十九世紀印象派運動中最著名的一些畫作。
當我漫步在印象派畫廊時,我欣賞到了像《舞蹈課》和《玩紙牌者》這樣的杰作。盡管我曾在電腦屏幕上數百次地欣賞過它們,但當我最終看到實物時,我所感受到的驚奇令我怎么也沒想到。雖然很難從這么多令人驚嘆的作品中挑選出一幅最喜歡的畫,但給我印象最深的藝術家是兩位最偉大的印象派畫家克勞德·莫奈和皮埃爾－奧古斯特·雷諾阿。
我可以從莫奈的作品中看出他受到了大自然的極大啟發。在他生命的最后30年里,他畫的大多是他花園的場景。其中一個場景出現在著名作品《藍睡蓮》中,我在美術館里仔細看了很長一段時間。當我聽說他為同一個睡蓮池畫了大約250幅不同顏色和風格的畫時,我簡直不敢相信。令人驚嘆的是,每次莫奈觀察這處簡單的風景時,他都以一種獨特的方式讓池塘的美躍然于畫布之上。
我注意到,雷諾阿更喜歡畫日常生活的場景。對我來說,他最有趣的繪畫作品是他1876年的杰作《煎餅磨坊的舞會》,它展示了周日下午巴黎繁忙街區的生活。我靠近觀察,畫面上遍布著小面積的光斑,人物柔和的輪廓好像融為一體,令我驚嘆不已。有這么多事情發生,但很少有清晰的細節。這種效果使舞蹈的活潑動作幾乎一下子吸引住觀眾。
　　盡管這些畫的背景截然不同,但在我離開奧賽博物館后很長一段時間里,它們的相似之處一直留在我的腦海中——這種相似之處在印象派畫家的畫作中隨處可見。莫奈和雷諾阿,以及其他志趣相投的藝術家,尋求從舊風格的規則中解放出來。日常題材是他們作品的重點,這有別于傳統上在歐洲藝術中占主導地位的歷史題材畫作。他們運用了自由的筆觸,用色彩來展示光投射在物體上的效果,創作出的繪畫作品遠不像前人所作的那么寫實。對我來說,這些技巧是印象派藝術的精髓。印象派畫家不會試圖描繪場景中的每一個細節——只是他們在那一刻產生的瞬間“印象”,在它消失之前,迸發著鮮明的光彩。
印象派畫家的遠見卓識啟發了新一代的后印象派畫家,如文森特·凡·高和保羅·高更,他們的作品也在奧賽博物館展出。同樣值得注意的是,后印象派畫家并不是唯一受到印象派影響的人——印象派運動對現代藝術產生了持久的影響,鼓勵藝術家從一個全新的角度看世界。這當然也給我留下了難以磨滅的印象!
課 時 測 評 作 業
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共27.5分)
A
What’s On
Master’s teens
Forceful Cuts,now running at the Art Museum of China Profiles,through to Sept 17,shows the late artist Huang Yongyu’s efforts in woodcut art. His woodcuts show a good assessment of human nature,with wisdom and humor. Huang once said he lived every day in the same serious way as he worked on wood,“paying great attention to every cut”.
9 am—5 pm,closed on Mondays.
66 Shapowei,Daxue Road,Siming district,Xiamen,Fujian Province.
Art into soul
Two artists Xu Li and Andrey Kovalchuk are presenting an exhibition at Shanghai’s New Art Museum,through to July 30.Xu is showing dozens of his oil paintings. Kovalchuk,who chairs the Russian artists association,brings 24 sculptures. The show compares the cultural traditions and individual concerns of the two cultures.
9 am—5 pm,closed on Mondays.
1528 Gumei Road,Shanghai.
Eternal glare
The use of raw lacquer (生漆) to better preserve objects,such as bowls,and meanwhile decorate life can date back to the Neolithic culture in China. Throughout centuries,lacquer art has been viewed as an important part of Hubei’s cultural heritage (遺產). Dozens of fine examples of this art from the collection of the Hubei Museum of Art are now on show at World of Lacquer,an exhibition running through to July 30,at the Anhui Art Museum.
9 am—5 pm,closed on Mondays.
1 Chengdu Road,Binhu New District,Hefei,Anhui Province.
Academy work
Over 240 paintings,prints,sculptures and seal engravings (篆刻) are on show at the gallery of the China National Academy of Painting until July 8,offering a look of the works of academy artists all over the country. The exhibition shows works done in the traditional style and new explorations.
9 am—4:30 pm,closed on Mondays.
54 Xisanhuan Beilu,Haidian district,Beijing.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個藝術博物館的展出內容以及相關的信息。
1.What can you enjoy at the Art Museum of China Profiles
A.Lacquer art. B.Oil paintings.
C.Woodcuts. D.Seal engravings.
解析　細節理解題。根據Master’s teens中“Forceful Cuts,now running at...with wisdom and humor.”可知,你能在中國藝術博物館欣賞到木刻藝術。故選C項。
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2.In which museum can you learn about an ancient art of preserving objects
A.The Anhui Art Museum.
B.Shanghai’s New Art Museum.
C.The Art Museum of China Profiles.
D.The China National Academy of Painting.
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解析　細節理解題。根據Eternal glare中“The use of raw lacquer (生漆) to better preserve objects,such as bowls,and meanwhile decorate life can date back to the Neolithic culture in China.”以及“Dozens of fine examples of this art from...at the Anhui Art Museum.”可知,在安徽美術館你能了解到保存文物的古老藝術。故選A項。
3.What is special about the exhibition held in Beijing
A.It is not open to the public on Mondays.
B.It compares two different cultural traditions.
C.It tells the story of a late artist.
D.It shows works of academy artists across the country.
解析　細節理解題。根據Academy work中“Over 240 paintings,...works of academy artists all over the country.”以及“54 Xisanhuan Beilu,Haidian district,Beijing.”可知,在北京舉辦的展覽會展示了全國各地學院藝術家的作品。故選D項。
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B
People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years.The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals.They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill.Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.No one knows why they were painted there.Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals.Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.
About 5,000 years ago,the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as a kind of writing.They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas,and also to represent the sounds of their language.The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet (字母表).The Egyptians used to record information and tell stories by putting picture writing and pictures together.When an important person died,scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried(埋葬).For the Egyptians,pictures still had magic power.So they did not try to make their way of writing simple.The ordinary people could not understand it.
These days,we can write down a story,or record information,without using pictures.But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing,photographs,signs and diagrams.We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers,in the street,and on the walls of the places where we live and work.Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily,and they can make a story much more interesting.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了繪畫的歷史以及今天圖畫的用途。
4.Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because 　　　　.
A.the hunters wanted to see the pictures
B.the painters were animal lovers
C.the painters wanted to show imagination
D.the pictures were thought to be helpful
解析　細節理解題。 根據文章第一段中的“Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals.”可知,古代人以為他們的繪畫會對捕捉動物有所幫助,故選D。
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5.How did the Egyptians record information and tell stories
A.By combining picture writing and pictures.
B.By painting pictures of the animals.
C.By writing them down in a book.
D.By singing them.
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“The Egyptians used to record information and tell stories by putting picture writing and pictures together.”可知,埃及人過去把象形文字和繪畫放在一起來記錄信息和講述故事。故選A。
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6.Why did the Egyptians make their way of writing complex
A.Because they wanted to show they were educated.
B.Because they wanted to express their mixed feelings.
C.Because they thought pictures had magic power.
D.Because they thought writing was better than pictures.
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“For the Egyptians,pictures still had magic power.So they did not try to make their way of writing simple.”可知,在埃及人看來,圖畫還具有魔力。所以他們不去簡化他們的書寫形式。故選C。
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7.What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A.Pictures should be made comprehensible.
B.Pictures should be made interesting.
C.Pictures are of much use in our life.
D.Pictures have disappeared from our life.
解析　段落大意題。文章最后一段講述了圖畫在今天的用途,故選C。
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C
Throughout history,many of the world’s greatest artists never achieved tremendous fame until after their death.That’s the case of Vivian Maier,who’s now considered to be one of the most important American street photographers of the last century,alongside famous names like Diane Arbus and Henri Cartier-Bresson.But she remained unknown for much of her life,and it was only a chance encounter with a box of negatives that put her in the spotlight.
Details of her life are unclear,but she was born in New York City in the 1920s to European parents.Maier grew up in France before returning to the U.S.,where she spent several decades working as a nanny in Chicago to wealthy families.During her days off Maier is thought to have taken more than 100,000 photographs of people and city scenes in Chicago,yet she kept the photos to herself—many of them never developed.
Skip ahead to 2007,a Chicago historian and collector,John Maloof,came across Maier’s work by accident after purchasing a box of tens of thousands of undeveloped negatives for $380 Sat an auction (拍賣).As he developed them,Maloof realized they were more than just photos.He was looking at evocative (喚起回憶的) art illustrating a Chicago of the mid-20-century that nobody had never seen.Maloof worked to uncover who the photographer was,acquiring more and more of her work.But before he could locate her,Maier had already passed away in 2009,having slipped on ice and never recovering from her head injury.
While Maloof researched Maier’s work,more details emerged. She kept to herself,her employers said,and she would spend her free days taking photos on the streets of Chicago with a Rolleiflex camera.According to Maloof,the children Maier took care of knew she was constantly taking photos,yet she never showed her photos to anyone.Maier also traveled around the world,as indicated by some of her photos.
Other collectors began to acquire Maier’s photos,but Maloof owns much of her work.He released a book,Vivian Maier: Street Photographer,in 2011,and his documentary, Finding Vivian Maier,came out in 2013.
【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文。文章介紹了美國業余街頭攝影師Vivian Maier及其作品的發現過程。
8.Which word can be used to describe Vivian’s life
A.Risky. B.Wealthy.
C.Mysterious. D.Miserable.
解析　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句“But she remained unknown...put her in the spotlight.”及第二段第一句“Details of her life are...to European parents.”可知,關于Vivian Maier的生活,人們了解的并不多,因此可以用“神秘”來形容她的一生。
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9.What do we know about Vivian Maier
A.She was born in France.
B.She never developed her photos.
C.She enjoyed great fame in her life.
D.She took photos of Chicago and other cities.
解析　細節理解題。根據第四段第二句“She kept to herself,her...with a Rolleiflex camera.”和最后一句“Maier also traveled around...by some of her photos.”可知,Vivian Maier拍攝了芝加哥及其他城市的照片。
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10.What did Maloof do after he found Maier’s photos
A.He approached Maier’s former employers.
B.He managed to meet the artist in the flesh.
C.He released a collection of Maier’s work.
D.He purchased more developed negatives.
解析　推理判斷題。根據第四段前兩句“While Maloof researched Maier’s...with a Rolleiflex camera.”可推知,Maloof在發現Maier的作品后,為了更好地了解她,聯系了她之前的雇主。
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11.What can be inferred about Vivian Maier’s photos
A.They were presented to her employers.
B.They were meant to earn her a fortune.
C.They were taken by a professional artist.
D.They were of artistic and historical value.
解析　推理判斷題。根據第三段第二句和第三句“As he developed...nobody had never seen.”可知,Vivian Maier所拍攝的照片兼具藝術和歷史價值。
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Ⅱ.七選五(每小題2.5分,共12.5分)
The Steps in Restoring a Painting
Every work is different. The only thing they all have in common is it takes time! Below we have broken the restoration (修復) process into 6 major steps.
Step 1 The Test Clean
We use “Ultraviolet Light (紫外光)” to check which generally shows up any previous restoration. Once satisfied,we then “Spot Clean” in several places using a cotton stick to carefully remove the varnish (亮光漆) and determine what lies beneath! 　1　
Step 2 Client Communication
We always contact the client at this stage! 　2　 After detailed discussions it was decided to reveal and restore the original painting.
Step 3 Total Clean
　3　 It involves extreme care in removing the many years of old varnish and any previous restoration or repainting work done by other restorers to reveal the original painting.
Step 4 Stretchers and Relining
It’s at this stage where the canvas (畫布) is relined.　4　 We always try to keep the painting as original as possible.
Step 5 Retouching
Retouching is extremely time-consuming and must be undertaken with great care! Although we are literally “drawing” paint to infill the damaged areas,the style and brushwork of the original artist must be respected and copied to maintain the authenticity (真實性) of the work.
Step 6 Varnishing and Finishing
　5　 We offer a choice from Matt,Semi Matt through to full Gloss to meet the clients’ taste. They are applied by hand or spray to suit the work and style of the painting.
A.We discuss the way forward.
B.This stage frightens many people.
C.Total clean is a slow and painful job.
D.We use a range of top quality varnishes to protect the work.
E.The effect must match the original painting as closely as possible.
F.And only in the most extreme circumstances would we fit a new or recycled stretcher.
G.This is the first time we can truly know what work is required to complete the restoration.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了修復繪畫的步驟。
1.G　[根據小標題和上文內容可推知,進行“檢查清潔”是修復繪畫的第一步,通過檢查來發現需要對什么地方進行修復,并先對其進行清潔,即G選項“This is the first time we can truly know what work is required to complete the restoration.”符合題意,故選G項。]
2.A　[上文“We always contact the client at this stage!”提出聯系客戶,A項“We discuss the way forward.”承接上文,說明聯系客戶的目的,上下文語意連貫。故選A項。]
3.C　[C項“Total clean is a slow and painful job.”對應該部分的小標題,對其做進一步的說明,上下文語意連貫。故選C項。]
4.F　[下文“We always try to keep the painting as original as possible.”是對F項“And only in the most extreme circumstances would we fit a new or recycled stretcher.”的解釋說明,即只有在極端情況下才會更換畫框,因為原則是保持畫原來的樣子。F項中“stretcher”與小標題相照應。故選F項。]
5.D　[下文“We offer a choice...style of the painting.”講述了修復用漆的選擇,是對D項“We use a range of top quality varnishes to protect the work.”內容的說明,上下文語意連貫。故選D項。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 A篇:woodcut n.木刻　sculpture n.雕塑　B篇:represent v.代表
C篇:variation n.變化,變動;變奏曲　七選五:maintain v.維持;保持
主題詞塊 A篇:a good assessment of human nature對人性的良好評價
C篇:in comparison with與……比較,同……比較起來　in terms of就……而言;從……角度來看
熟詞生義 A篇:chair熟義:n.椅子;主席;委員長　生義:v.擔任;主持;管理
He was about to chair a meeting in Venice of E.U. foreign ministers. 他將擔任威尼斯歐盟外交部部長會議的主席。
難句剖析 C篇:Different ways of creating lines are used when painting a landscape,flowers and birds,clouds,and bamboos.
[譯文]　在畫風景、花鳥、云、竹時,用不同的方法來畫線。
[分析]　本句是復合句,主句是Different ways are used。when painting a landscape,flowers and birds,clouds,and bamboos是狀語從句的省略,相當于when they were painting a landscape,flowers and birds,clouds,and bamboos。
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