資源簡介

Section Ⅲ 　Grammar and usage
Grammar——動詞不定式作主語和表語
一、動詞不定式(短語)作主語
通常表示個別的、具體的、一次性的或者具有將來含義的動作,并且句子謂語動詞采用第三人稱單數形式。常見的不定式作主語的情況主要有三類:
1.不定式直接作主語
[先感知]
①To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(人教選三U2)
②To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.(外研選三U5)
③To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(譯林選一U1)
[會發現]　句①②中,主語分別是不定式To prevent harmful habits和To use biomimicry,謂語動詞是is;句③中,主語是不定式To get there,謂語是will take。
[明規則]　需要注意的是,動名詞也可以作主語,但由于上述句子所表達的是一種個別的、具體的、一次性的或者具有將來含義的動作,所以只能采用不定式作主語。
為了更好地理解不定式作主語與動名詞作主語的基本區別,特舉例如下:
Smoking in public places is not good.
在公共場所吸煙不好。
本句采用動名詞作主語,表示動作經常反復發生,而不是只針對某一次。
相反,之前不定式作主語的例句中,不定式所表達的是具體的、個別的、一次性的動作,而非經常反復性的動作。
2.it作形式主語,不定式作真正的主語
[先感知]
①It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.(北師必一U1)
②It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time,not just on social media.(北師必一U1)
③It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.(譯林選一U1)
④It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.(外研選三U5)
[會發現]　句①②③④中,it代替不定式作形式主語,不定式作真正的主語。
[明規則]　若不定式太長,則往往用it代替不定式作形式主語,不定式移至句尾,以使句子結構平衡。it作形式主語時,常有以下幾種情況:
①It+be+形容詞+(for/of sb) to do sth (sb是 to do 的邏輯主語)
It’s necessary for you to read more to expand your knowledge.
你有必要多讀書來擴大你的知識面。
It was kind of Alan to give up his seat on the bus to the old woman.
艾倫真善良,在公共汽車上把座位讓給了那位老太太。
溫馨提示:介詞用of還是for
在“It+be+形容詞+(for/of sb) to do sth,”句型中,for和of均可引出不定式的邏輯主語,其區別為:如果形容詞描述的是人的特征、品格(如kind,rude,polite,clever等),介詞用of。
②It+be+名詞(短語)+to do sth
[常用名詞(短語)有fun、a pleasure、a fact、good/bad manners、my honour等]
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
乘坐宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。
③It takes (sb)some time/money to do sth.
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上,我做家庭作業用了一個多小時。
3.“特殊疑問詞+不定式”作主語
[先感知]
①When to start has not been decided yet.(人教選二U2)
②Now,how to spend the next three years more wisely is a new challenge for me.(北師必一U1)
③So,how to reveal this hidden dimension is not decided.(譯林選一U4)
[會發現]　句①②③中,采用“特殊疑問詞+不定式”作主語。
[明規則]　常見的特殊疑問詞有:what、who、which、when、where、why、how等。采用“特殊疑問詞+不定式”作主語,句子謂語同樣采用第三人稱單數形式。如:
How to finish the work is a question.
如何完成這項工作,是一個問題。
Where to finish the work is a question.
去哪里完成這項工作,是一個問題。
Why to finish the work is a question.
為什么要去完成這項工作,是一個問題。
小題集訓1　單句語法填空
①To finish(finish) the work before Friday is not so easy.
②How to relieve(relieve) the pain is a question.
③It’s also important for parents to know (know) which apps their children are using.
④It is great fun to play (play) football with teachers in our spare time.
⑤It takes me a long time to finish(finish) the project so that I feel too tired to walk any further.
⑥It is worthwhile to sum/summing (sum) up the experience and characteristics of Macao in faithfully implementing “one country,two systems”.
二、動詞不定式作表語
[先感知]
①My aim is to do well in every subject this term.(北師必一U1)
②During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.(人教選三U1)
③How can I make for the lost time The only way is to work harder.(譯林選一U1)
④Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.(外研選三U5)
[會發現]　句①②中,不定式作表語,表示目的。句③④中,不定式作表語,表示事態發展的結果。
[明規則]
1.表示目的。
①The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步你要弄清楚真正需要的是什么。
②The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是發展兒童好的品格。
2.表示事態發展的結果,不幸的命運或預言。
①He was to die in a shipwreck and to leave a wife and two children.
后來他在一次船只失事中死了,留下了妻子和兩個孩子。
②You must speak out,if we are to remain friends.
如果我們還想繼續做朋友的話,你就必須把話都說出來。
③He went to the station,only to find the train had left.
他去了火車站,卻發現火車已經開走了。
3.用于第一人稱疑問句,表示征求意見。
①What am I to say if they ask me the question
要是他們問我這個問題,我該怎么回答呢
②What am I to do if I have no money
如果沒有錢,我該怎么辦呢
4.表示“同意、安排、命令、決定、勸告、意愿、禁止”等。
①They are to marry next week.(安排)
他們將在下周結婚。
②Children are not to smoke.(禁止)
兒童不準吸煙。
③You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.(愿望)
想要成功,你就必須有耐心,有毅力。
5.不定式作表語,可用主動形式表示被動意義。
①She is to blame for the mistake.
她應該因這個錯誤受到責備。
②A great deal is yet to do.
還有許多事要做。
③Something is still to find out.
有些東西還有待查明。
溫馨提示:
①如果主語中含有實義動詞do的形式,表語中的to可以省略。
What we can do now is (to) wait here patiently.
②“特殊疑問詞+不定式”通常與be動詞構成系表結構,作be動詞的表語。
The greatest problem we are facing now is how to finish the work on time.
小題集訓2　單句語法填空
①His dream since childhood has been to become(become) a great basketball player.
②The purpose of this activity is to encourage(encourage) the students to speak English.
③The purpose of new technologies is to make(make) life more convenient.
④As a volunteer,her mission is to take(take) good care of these young children.
⑤When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground,time seemed to stand(stand) still.
1.throw oneself into 投身于,熱衷于
教材原文　I’ve thrown myself into home cooking,from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.　我全身心投入到家庭烹飪中,從在鍋里煮面到在平底鍋里煎牛排。
感知　語言先輸入
①Despite the difficulties,he threw himself into the research.
②A science camp will be held next month with the aim of encouraging more students to throw themselves into scientific research.(活動介紹)
記牢　知識再梳理
throw away 　　　　 扔掉,丟棄
throw out 扔掉;扔出
throw in/into 扔進
throw at 投向,擲向;向……投去
throw open 開放;突然打開
throw light on 使……顯得清楚;闡明……
within a stone’s throw 一箭之遙;就在附近
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①To keep things together,he threw(throw) himself into his work last week.
②Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks.
③He still could not throw any further light on why the lift could have become jammed.
④I hope everyone can throw themselves into the course of building a harmonious society.
我希望大家都能投身到構建和諧社會的進程中去。
⑤My house is within a stone’s throw from the railway station.
我的房子離火車站僅一箭之遙。
2.impress vt.& vi.使欽佩,給……留下深刻印象;使意識到
·impression n.印象,感想;影響,效果　·impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
教材原文　As long as you are not afraid of heights,you will be impressed by Sky Buffet,the latest restaurant in the city centre.
只要你不恐高,市中心最新的天空自助餐廳就會給你留下深刻的印象。
感知　語言先輸入
①What impresses us most are your art skills,in which you show outstanding talent.
②Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.(2024·全國甲卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)impress sth on/upon sb=impress sb with sth 使某人對某事印象深刻
What impresses sb is (that)... 讓某人印象深刻的是……
(2)be impressed by/with... 對……印象深刻
(3)leave/make a(n)...impression on/upon sb 給某人留下一個……的印象
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The singer impressed the audience with the song A Lovesick Knitted Brow in Vain.
②He wasn’t mean or abusive; he just gave me the impression (impress) that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.
③I was still impressed by/with the happy days when I decorated our house with red lanterns,put up couplets and made dumplings with my parents happily.(傳統文化)
我仍然對那些快樂的日子印象深刻,那時我用紅燈籠裝飾我們的房子,貼對聯,和我的父母開心地包餃子。
[基礎語境練]
維度一　基礎填空題(每小題1分,共5分)
1. It takes me thirteen minutes to get to school from home.
從家到學校要花我13分鐘。
2.It is not hard for us to learn English well in six years.
六年內學好英語對我們來說不算難。
3.It’s very kind of you to come and help us.
你真好來幫助我。
4.What he is considering is to get enough money to buy a car.
他在考慮的是搞到足夠的錢買輛車。
5.What he wants to do now is to find a good job.
他現在想做的是找到一份好工作。
維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1. To negotiate(negotiate) for more pay has always been what we expect.
2.It is my great pleasure to welcome(welcome) all of you,officially,to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Economic Leaders’ Meeting.
3.His ultimate goal was to participate(participate)in the World Marathon and become the champion.
4.It is good to know(know) that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
5.Sometimes you yourself are to blame(blame) for daily personal mood.
6.Her work is to look(look) after the children.
7.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make(make) it more difficult.
8.The purpose of the new teaching method is to make (make) study easier.
9.She told us that her only wish here was to get (get) information about her old friends.
10.Her job is to keep(keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible until the end of the festival.
維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,共10分)
1.他又遲到了。他總是讓大家等著。(It is+adj.+of sb to do sth)
He was late again. It’s typical of him to keep everybody waiting.
2.什么時候再討論這個問題還沒有被決定。(特殊疑問句+不定式)
When to discuss the problem again has not been decided.
3.嘲笑處于困境中的人是不禮貌的。[It is+名詞(短語)+to do sth]
It is bad manners to laugh at people in trouble.
4.這個女孩的愿望是長大后當一名醫生。(不定式作表語表示主語的內容)
The girl’s wish is to be a doctor when she grows up.
5.我弟弟的夢想是上清華大學,我相信他的夢想能成真。(不定式表示將來)
My brother’s dream is to go to Tsinghua University,and I believe his dream will come true.
維度四　語法與語篇(每小題2分,共10分)
These days,the attitude of many people is 1.to eat food that they think tastes good (吃他們認為好吃的食物).However,this can lead to having an unbalanced diet,which often results in short-term or long-term health issues.If your aim is 2.to stay healthy (保持健康),then you need a balanced diet.Needless to say,it is not always easy 3.to plan such a diet(計劃這樣的飲食),but the good thing is that here is a lot of advice.
To save yourself some time,you could try looking at a “food pyramid”-a chart whose function is 4.to show you how to eat healthily(告訴你如何健康飲食).You could also make healthy food at home and try to avoid eating take-out or fast food.It is important for you 5.to eat healthy food(吃健康的食物).You will feel better,have more energy,and have fewer health problems in later life.
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Do you like to eat many different foods at the same time Most of us do,but to buy twenty dishes at a restaurant is just too expensive for most Americans.A good way is to eat a potluck (百樂餐).
The idea is to have each family in a community prepare one or two dishes only and bring them to a large room.Many soups,salads,meats,hot dishes,cold dishes,desserts,and drinks are put on the table at one time.Each family member then takes a paper plate,a plastic knife,a fork,a spoon and a paper cup.In turn,they pick out the food they want to eat and fill their own plates with a balanced meal.Then,they sit with either their family or friends.
When they finish,they may go back to the table and eat more food for there is always more than the group can eat at one time.Following the meal,everyone puts their paper plates and cups as well as the plastic knives,forks,and spoons into the rubbish container.
At many potlucks,the people then begin having fun.A group of four men may sing as a Barbershop Quartet.A pianist or a violinist may play a solo.Often there is group singing.Sometimes there is a liar’s contest.Three people are chosen to tell a story.They leave the room and come back and two tell a true story while one tells a lie.The lie must be a clever story so it will be hard to choose which of the three stories is not true.The liar’s contest always causes everyone to laugh loudly.
Everyone leaves the potluck in good spirits as they have all eaten a very good meal and they have enjoyed themselves very much.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了正在美國流行的一項社區活動——百樂餐。
1.How does the author explain a potluck
A.A meal contained in a pot that will bring you good luck.
B.An ordinary meal for several families.
C.A big meal for some special guests.
D.A meal where many families eat together and each family prepares one or two dishes.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第二段第一句作者的解釋“The idea is...to a large room.”可知,potluck指把很多家庭聚在一起吃飯,并且參加的每個家庭需要準備一到兩道菜。故選D。]
2.How can people at a potluck enjoy themselves
A.A group of three men may sing as a Barbershop Quartet.
B.A pianist or a violinist may play as a Barbershop Quartet.
C.Three people are often chosen to have a liar’s contest.
D.Three people are chosen to tell a true story.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據倒數第二段可知,在百樂餐上,通常會選出三個人來進行說謊者比賽,這給大家帶來快樂。故選C。]
3.Why is it hard for people to choose the lie in the liar’s contest
A.The lie is also a true story.
B.The lie is told by a clever liar.
C.The lie is required to be a clever story.
D.The true stories are easy to tell.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據倒數第二段倒數第二句“The lie must be...is not true.”可知,說謊者比賽中的謊言是一個巧妙的故事,所以人們很難把它選出來。故選C。]
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A.To introduce a community activity.
B.To speak highly of a social activity.
C.To show a very effective way to eat well.
D.To show the importance of a potluck.
答案　A　[寫作意圖題。根據第一段及第二段第一句“The idea is...to a large room.”可知,作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹美國的一項社區活動——百樂餐。故選A。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt,which was started by the medical community 1.　　　　　　 a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 2.　　　　　　(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3.　　　　　　(process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4.　　　　　　(remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5.　　　　　　 result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6.　　　　　　 (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7.　　　　　　 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8.　　　　　　 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However,be 9.　　　　　　 (care) not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,10.　　　　　　 is not good for the health.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。食品服務行業最近出現了低脂肪、低鹽的趨勢,這一趨勢最開始被醫學界作為一種治療心臟病的方法,但也存在一些意想不到的副作用。
1.as　[考查介詞。根據句意“這一趨勢一開始被醫學界作為一種治療心臟病的方法”可知,這里表達“作為”之意,所以填as。]
2.effects　[考查名詞的數。由前面的修飾詞some且effect為可數名詞,可知,這里應該用effect的復數,所以填effects。]
3.to process　[考查非謂語動詞。根據固定短語be required to do sth“被要求做某事”可知,此處填to process。]
4.are removed　[考查時態語態和主謂一致。設空處是由When引導的時間狀語從句,主語是fat and salt(復數),因此remove要充當謂語,根據上下文可知時態為一般現在時,而fat and salt與remove存在被動關系,故填are removed。]
5.a　[考查冠詞。根據固定短語as a result“因此”,可知填a。]
6.worse　[考查比較等級。所給詞bad前面有Even修飾,所以要用比較級,所以填worse。]
7.is　[考查時態和主謂一致。此句主語是Fast food,后面的be作謂語,根據上下文語境可知用一般現在時,Fast food是不可數名詞,所以填is。]
8.eating　[考查非謂語動詞。by是介詞,后接動名詞作賓語,所以填eating。]
9.careful　[考查詞性轉換。此句是一個祈使句,以系動詞be開頭,系動詞后面接形容詞作表語,所以care轉換成形容詞careful,所以填careful。]
10.which　[考查定語從句。根據句意“跟其他食物一樣,吃得太多也是有可能的,但這對健康不利”,設空處應該指代前面整句話,所以只能用which引導非限制性定語從句,所以填which。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:liar n.撒謊者　container n.容器;集裝箱,貨柜 語法填空:unintended adj.無意識的;非計劃中的
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:in good spirits心情愉快 語法填空:side effect副作用　lower fat content低脂肪含量　go to extremes走極端,過火
熟詞生義 語法填空:side熟義:adj.旁邊的,側面的　生義:adj.次要的,附帶的 ...has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease. ……帶來了一些意想不到的副作用,比如超重和心臟病。
難句剖析 語法填空:Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food. [譯文]　在你的膳食中加入足夠的脂肪和鹽會減少你在兩餐之間吃零食的沖動,并會改善你的食物的味道。 [分析]　Having enough fat and salt為動名詞短語作主語, reduce和improve為并列謂語。(共66張PPT)
Section Ⅲ 　Grammar and usage
語法知識過關
內
容
索
引
課時測評作業
語言知識精析
語 法 知 識 過 關
Grammar——動詞不定式作主語和表語
一、動詞不定式(短語)作主語
通常表示個別的、具體的、一次性的或者具有將來含義的動作,并且句子謂語動詞采用第三人稱單數形式。常見的不定式作主語的情況主要有三類:
1.不定式直接作主語
[先感知]
①To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(人教選三U2)
②To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.(外研選三U5)
③To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(譯林選一U1)
[會發現]　句①②中,主語分別是不定式_________________________和　　 　　　　　　, 謂語動詞是is;句③中,主語是不定式　　　　　　 　　,謂語是will take。
To prevent harmful habits
To use biomimicry
To get there
[明規則]　需要注意的是,動名詞也可以作主語,但由于上述句子所表達的是一種個別的、具體的、一次性的或者具有將來含義的動作,所以只能采用不定式作主語。
為了更好地理解不定式作主語與動名詞作主語的基本區別,特舉例如下:
Smoking in public places is not good.在公共場所吸煙不好。
本句采用動名詞作主語,表示動作經常反復發生,而不是只針對某一次。
相反,之前不定式作主語的例句中,不定式所表達的是具體的、個別的、一次性的動作,而非經常反復性的動作。
2.it作形式主語,不定式作真正的主語
[先感知]
①It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.(北師必一U1)
②It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time,not just on social media.(北師必一U1)
③It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.(譯林選一U1)
④It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
(外研選三U5)
[會發現]　句①②③④中,it代替不定式作　　　　　　　　,不定式作　　　　　　。
[明規則]　若不定式太長,則往往用it代替不定式作形式主語,不定式移至句尾,以使句子結構平衡。it作形式主語時,常有以下幾種情況:
①It＋be＋形容詞＋(for/of sb) to do sth (sb是to do的邏輯主語)
It’s necessary for you to read more to expand your knowledge.
你有必要多讀書來擴大你的知識面。
形式主語
真正的主語
It was kind of Alan to give up his seat on the bus to the old woman.
艾倫真善良,在公共汽車上把座位讓給了那位老太太。
溫馨提示:介詞用of還是for
在“It＋be＋形容詞＋(for/of sb) to do sth,”句型中,for和of均可引出不定式的邏輯主語,其區別為:如果形容詞描述的是人的特征、品格(如kind,rude,polite,clever等),介詞用of。
②It＋be＋名詞(短語)＋to do sth
[常用名詞(短語)有fun、a pleasure、a fact、good/bad manners、my honour等]
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
乘坐宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。
③It takes (sb)some time/money to do sth.
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上,我做家庭作業用了一個多小時。
3.“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”作主語
[先感知]
①When to start has not been decided yet.(人教選二U2)
②Now,how to spend the next three years more wisely is a new challenge for me.(北師必一U1)
③So,how to reveal this hidden dimension is not decided.
(譯林選一U4)
[會發現]　句①②③中,采用“　　　　　　　　　　　　　” 作主語。
[明規則]　常見的特殊疑問詞有:what、who、which、when、where、why、how等。采用“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”作主語,句子謂語同樣采用第三人稱單數形式。如:
How to finish the work is a question.
如何完成這項工作是一個問題。
特殊疑問詞＋不定式
Where to finish the work is a question.
去哪里完成這項工作是一個問題。
Why to finish the work is a question.
為什么要去完成這項工作是一個問題。
小題集訓1　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　(finish) the work before Friday is not so easy.
②How 　　　　　　(relieve) the pain is a question.
③It’s also important for parents 　　　　　　　　　 (know) which apps their children are using.
④It is great fun 　　　　　　(play) football with teachers in our spare time.
To finish
to relieve
to know
to play
⑤It takes me a long time 　　　　　　(finish) the project so that I feel too tired to walk any further.
⑥It is worthwhile 　 　　　　　(sum) up the experience and characteristics of Macao in faithfully implementing “one country,two systems”.
to finish
to sum/summing
二、動詞不定式作表語
[先感知]
①My aim is to do well in every subject this term.(北師必一U1)
②During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.(人教選三U1)
③How can I make for the lost time The only way is to work harder.(譯林選一U1)
④Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.(外研選三U5)
[會發現]　句①②中,不定式作　　　　　　　　,表示　　　　　。句③④中,不定式作　　　　,表示　　　　　　　　。
表語
目的
表語
事態發展的結果
[明規則]
1.表示目的。
①The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步你要弄清楚真正需要的是什么。
②The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是發展兒童好的品格。
2.表示事態發展的結果,不幸的命運或預言。
①He was to die in a shipwreck and to leave a wife and two children.
后來他在一次船只失事中死了,留下了妻子和兩個孩子。
②You must speak out,if we are to remain friends.
如果我們還想繼續做朋友的話,你就必須把話都說出來。
③He went to the station,only to find the train had left.
他去了火車站,卻發現火車已經開走了。
3.用于第一人稱疑問句,表示征求意見。
①What am I to say if they ask me the question
要是他們問我這個問題,我該怎么回答呢
②What am I to do if I have no money
如果沒有錢,我該怎么辦呢
4.表示“同意、安排、命令、決定、勸告、意愿、禁止”等。
①They are to marry next week.(安排)
他們將在下周結婚。
②Children are not to smoke.(禁止)
兒童不準吸煙。
③You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.(愿望)
想要成功,你就必須有耐心,有毅力。
5.不定式作表語,可用主動形式表示被動意義。
①She is to blame for the mistake.
她應該因這個錯誤受到責備。
②A great deal is yet to do.
還有許多事要做。
③Something is still to find out.
有些東西還有待查明。
溫馨提示:
①如果主語中含有實義動詞do的形式,表語中的to可以省略。
What we can do now is (to) wait here patiently.
②“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”通常與be動詞構成系表結構,作be動詞的表語。
The greatest problem we are facing now is how to finish the work on time.
小題集訓2　單句語法填空
①His dream since childhood has been 　　　　　　(become) a great basketball player.
②The purpose of this activity is 　　　　　　　　　　　 (encourage) the students to speak English.
③The purpose of new technologies is 　　　　　　(make) life more convenient.
to become
to encourage
to make
④As a volunteer,her mission is 　　　　　 (take) good care of these young children.
⑤When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground,time seemed _______________(stand) still.
to take
to stand
語 言 知 識 精 析
1.throw oneself into 投身于,熱衷于
教材原文　I’ve thrown myself into home cooking,from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.　
我全身心投入到家庭烹飪中,從在鍋里煮面到在平底鍋里煎牛排。
感知　語言先輸入
①Despite the difficulties,he threw himself into the research.
②A science camp will be held next month with the aim of encouraging more students to throw themselves into scientific research.(活動介紹)
記牢　知識再梳理
throw away 　　　　 扔掉,丟棄
throw out 扔掉;扔出
throw in/into 扔進
throw at 投向,擲向;向……投去
throw open 開放;突然打開
throw light on 使……顯得清楚;闡明……
within a stone’s throw 一箭之遙;就在附近
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①To keep things together,he 　　　　　　(throw) himself into his work last week.
②Byrd at once ordered his men to throw 　　　　　　　two heavy food sacks.
③He still could not throw any further light 　　　　　　why the lift could have become jammed.
threw
out
on
④I hope everyone can________________________________________ of building a harmonious society.
我希望大家都能投身到構建和諧社會的進程中去。
⑤My house is 　　　　　 　　　　　　　the railway station.
我的房子離火車站僅一箭之遙。
throw themselves into the course
within a stone’s throw from
2.impress vt.& vi.使欽佩,給……留下深刻印象;使意識到
·impression n.印象,感想;影響,效果　·impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
教材原文　As long as you are not afraid of heights,you will be impressed by Sky Buffet,the latest restaurant in the city centre.　
只要你不恐高,市中心最新的天空自助餐廳就會給你留下深刻的印象。
感知　語言先輸入
①What impresses us most are your art skills,in which you show outstanding talent.
②Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.(2024·全國甲卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)impress sth on/upon sb＝impress sb with sth
　　　　　　 使某人對某事印象深刻
What impresses sb is (that)... 讓某人印象深刻的是……
(2)be impressed by/with... 對……印象深刻
(3)leave/make a(n)...impression on/upon sb
給某人留下一個……的印象
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The singer impressed the audience 　　　　　　　　　　　the song A Lovesick Knitted Brow in Vain.
②He wasn’t mean or abusive; he just gave me the_______________ (impress) that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.
with
impression
③I 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　when I decorated our house with red lanterns,put up couplets and made dumplings with my parents happily.(傳統文化)
我仍然對那些快樂的日子印象深刻,那時我用紅燈籠裝飾我們的房子,貼對聯,和我的父母開心地包餃子。
was still impressed by/with the happy days
課 時 測 評 作 業
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
維度一 基礎填空題(每小題1分,共5分)
1. takes me thirteen minutes to get to school from home.
從家到學校要花我13分鐘。
2.It is not hard us to learn English well in six years.
六年內學好英語對我們來說不算難。
3.It’s very kind you to come and help us.
你真好來幫助我。
It
for
of
4.What he is considering to get enough money to buy a car.
他在考慮的是搞到足夠的錢買輛車。
5.What he wants to do now is find a good job.
他現在想做的是找到一份好工作。
is
to
維度二 單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1. (negotiate) for more pay has always been what we expect.
2.It is my great pleasure____________(welcome) all of you,officially,to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Economic Leaders’ Meeting.
3.His ultimate goal was (participate)in the World Marathon and become the champion.
To negotiate
to welcome
to participate
4.It is good (know) that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
5.Sometimes you yourself are (blame) for daily personal mood.
6.Her work is (look) after the children.
7.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not ______________(make) it more difficult.
to know
to blame
to look
to make
8.The purpose of the new teaching method is (make) study easier.
9.She told us that her only wish here was (get) information about her old friends.
10.Her job is (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible until the end of the festival.
to make
to get
to keep
維度三 語法與寫作(每小題2分,共10分)
1.他又遲到了。他總是讓大家等著。(It is+adj.+of sb to do sth)

2.什么時候再討論這個問題還沒有被決定。(特殊疑問句+不定式)

3.嘲笑處于困境中的人是不禮貌的。[It is+名詞(短語)+to do sth]

He was late again. It’s typical of him to keep everybody waiting.
When to discuss the problem again has not been decided.
It is bad manners to laugh at people in trouble.
4.這個女孩的愿望是長大后當一名醫生。
(不定式作表語表示主語的內容)

5.我弟弟的夢想是上清華大學,我相信他的夢想能成真。
(不定式表示將來)


The girl’s wish is to be a doctor when she grows up.
My brother’s dream is to go to Tsinghua University,and I believe his dream will come true.
維度四 語法與語篇(每小題2分,共10分)
These days,the attitude of many people is 1.__________________ ________________(吃他們認為好吃的食物).However,this can lead to having an unbalanced diet,which often results in short-term or long-term health issues.If your aim is 2. (保持健康),then you need a balanced diet.Needless to say,it is not always easy 3. (計劃這樣的飲食),but the good thing is that here is a lot of advice.
to eat food that they
think tastes good
to stay healthy
to plan such a diet
To save yourself some time,you could try looking at a “food pyramid”-a chart whose function is 4.____________________________ (告訴你如何健康飲食).You could also make healthy food at home and try to avoid eating take-out or fast food.It is important for you 5.____________________(吃健康的食物).You will feel better,have more energy,and have fewer health problems in later life.
to show you how to eat healthily
to eat healthy food
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Do you like to eat many different foods at the same time Most of us do,but to buy twenty dishes at a restaurant is just too expensive for most Americans.A good way is to eat a potluck (百樂餐).
The idea is to have each family in a community prepare one or two dishes only and bring them to a large room.Many soups, salads,meats,hot dishes,cold dishes,desserts,and drinks are put on the table at one time.Each family member then takes a paper plate,a plastic knife,a fork,a spoon and a paper cup.In turn,they pick out the food they want to eat and fill their own plates with a balanced meal.Then,they sit with either their family or friends.
When they finish,they may go back to the table and eat more food for there is always more than the group can eat at one time.Following the meal,everyone puts their paper plates and cups as well as the plastic knives,forks,and spoons into the rubbish container.
At many potlucks,the people then begin having fun.A group of four men may sing as a Barbershop Quartet.A pianist or a violinist may play a solo.Often there is group singing.Sometimes there is a liar’s contest.Three people are chosen to tell a story.They leave the room and come back and two tell a true story while one tells a lie.The lie must be a clever story so it will be hard to choose which of the three stories is not true.The liar’s contest always causes everyone to laugh loudly.
Everyone leaves the potluck in good spirits as they have all eaten a very good meal and they have enjoyed themselves very much.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了正在美國流行的一項社區活動——百樂餐。
1.How does the author explain a potluck
A.A meal contained in a pot that will bring you good luck.
B.An ordinary meal for several families.
C.A big meal for some special guests.
D.A meal where many families eat together and each family prepares one or two dishes.
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句作者的解釋“The idea is...to a large room.”可知,potluck指把很多家庭聚在一起吃飯,并且參加的每個家庭需要準備一到兩道菜。故選D。
√
2.How can people at a potluck enjoy themselves
A.A group of three men may sing as a Barbershop Quartet.
B.A pianist or a violinist may play as a Barbershop Quartet.
C.Three people are often chosen to have a liar’s contest.
D.Three people are chosen to tell a true story.
解析　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段可知,在百樂餐上,通常會選出三個人來進行說謊者比賽,這給大家帶來快樂。故選C。
√
3.Why is it hard for people to choose the lie in the liar’s contest
A.The lie is also a true story.
B.The lie is told by a clever liar.
C.The lie is required to be a clever story.
D.The true stories are easy to tell.
解析　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段倒數第二句“The lie must be...is not true.”可知,說謊者比賽中的謊言是一個巧妙的故事,所以人們很難把它選出來。故選C。
√
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A.To introduce a community activity.
B.To speak highly of a social activity.
C.To show a very effective way to eat well.
D.To show the importance of a potluck.
解析　寫作意圖題。根據第一段及第二段第一句“The idea is...to a large room.”可知,作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹美國的一項社區活動——百樂餐。故選A。
√
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt,which was started by the medical community 1.　　　　　　 a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 2.　　　　　　(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3.　　　　　　(process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4._________ (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5.________ result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6.　　　　　　 (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7.　　　　　　 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8.　　　　　　 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However,be 9.　　　　　　 (care) not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,10.　　　　　　 is not good for the health.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。食品服務行業最近出現了低脂肪、低鹽的趨勢,這一趨勢最開始被醫學界作為一種治療心臟病的方法,但也存在一些意想不到的副作用。
1.as　[考查介詞。根據句意“這一趨勢一開始被醫學界作為一種治療心臟病的方法”可知,這里表達“作為”之意,所以填as。]
2.effects　[考查名詞的數。由前面的修飾詞some且effect為可數名詞,可知,這里應該用effect的復數,所以填effects。]
3.to process　[考查非謂語動詞。根據固定短語be required to do sth“被要求做某事”可知,此處填to process。]
4.are removed　[考查時態語態和主謂一致。設空處是由When引導的時間狀語從句,主語是fat and salt(復數),因此remove要充當謂語,根據上下文可知時態為一般現在時,而fat and salt與remove存在被動關系,故填are removed。]
5.a　[考查冠詞。根據固定短語as a result“因此”,可知填a。]
6.worse　[考查比較等級。所給詞bad前面有Even修飾,所以要用比較級,所以填worse。]
7.is　[考查時態和主謂一致。此句主語是Fast food,后面的be作謂語,根據上下文語境可知用一般現在時,Fast food是不可數名詞,所以填is。]
8.eating　[考查非謂語動詞。by是介詞,后接動名詞作賓語,所以填eating。]
9.careful　[考查詞性轉換。此句是一個祈使句,以系動詞be開頭,系動詞后面接形容詞作表語,所以care轉換成形容詞careful,所以填careful。]
10.which　[考查定語從句。根據句意“跟其他食物一樣,吃得太多也是有可能的,但這對健康不利”,設空處應該指代前面整句話,所以只能用which引導非限制性定語從句,所以填which。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:liar n.撒謊者　container n.容器;集裝箱,貨柜
語法填空:unintended adj.無意識的;非計劃中的
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:in good spirits心情愉快
語法填空:side effect副作用　lower fat content低脂肪含量　go to extremes走極端,過火
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
熟詞生義 語法填空:side熟義:adj.旁邊的,側面的　生義:adj.次要的,附帶的
...has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease.
……帶來了一些意想不到的副作用,比如超重和心臟病。
難句剖析 語法填空:Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food.
[譯文]　在你的膳食中加入足夠的脂肪和鹽會減少你在兩餐之間吃零食的沖動,并會改善你的食物的味道。
[分析]　Having enough fat and salt為動名詞短語作主語, reduce和improve為并列謂語。
Thanks！
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