資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1
Step 1　速讀——整體理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A．The “Moskoe-strom”． B．How to survive on the sea.
C．How to fight against a storm. D．An experience of surviving in a storm.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章結構
Step 2　細讀——深度獲取細節
1．What does the phrase “All at once” mean in the second paragraph
A．Suddenly. B．Only once.
C．At one time. D．At a time.
答案　A
2．When did the storyteller feel calmer
A．The moment he heard the word “Moskoe-strom”．
B．When they were on the edge of the whirlpool.
C．When they went over the edge of the whirlpool.
D．When they were going in the direction of the whirlpool.
答案　B
3．What happened to the storyteller’s elder brother
A．He was taken away by the boat.
B．He lost his life in the whirlpool.
C．He was rescued by some fishermen.
D．He jumped into the sea and escaped.
答案　B
4．Which of the following can be used to describe the storyteller
A．Generous and kind. B．Ambitious and brave.
C．Courageous and calm. D．Outgoing and honest.
答案　C
Step 3　讀后——課文語法填空
One day about three years ago，the storyteller and his two brothers 1.were sailing(sail) on the sea when the sky suddenly was covered 2.with/by dark clouds and then a terrible storm came.His younger brother fell into the sea.The moment his elder brother cried out “Moskoe-strom！”，they were pushed towards the edge of the whirlpool.He felt hopeless and sick.When they were on 3.the edge of the whirlpool，he felt 4.calmer(calm) than when they were moving towards it.Suddenly，they went over the edge and saw some trees and barrels in the whirlpool.After a moment，he became curious about the whirlpool itself and made three important 5.observations(observe)．Based on 6.what he found，he tied himself to a barrel，which helped him float.Although he tried 7.to make(make) his elder brother understand what he should do，his brother was too 8.frightened(frighten) to understand.Without 9.waiting(wait)，he jumped into the sea and finally he 10.was saved(save) by other fishermen.
1．That was(be) the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.(P30 Para.1)
結構分析：此句為復合句。when引導定語從句，修飾the day，在從句中作時間狀語；it作形式主語，to break my body and soul是真正的主語。
漢語翻譯：那一天，我的身體和靈魂只用了六個小時就支離破碎了。
2．One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going(go) and got more fish than others.(P30 Para.2)
結構分析：此句為復合句。where引導定語從句，修飾the islands。
漢語翻譯：有一天，我和我的兩個兄弟又去了我們經常去探險的島嶼，抓到了比其他人更多的魚。
3．The moment I heard the word I became very frightened(frighten)．(P30 Para.2)
結構分析：此句為復合句。the moment引導時間狀語從句，意為“一……就……”，相當于as soon as/the minute/the instant/the second。
漢語翻譯：一聽到這個詞，我恐懼至極。
4．It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt calmer(calm) than when we were moving towards it.(P31 Para.3)
結構分析：此句為but連接的并列句。在第二個分句中，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool是when引導的時間狀語從句。
漢語翻譯：看起來可能很奇怪，但在那一刻，當我們處在漩渦邊緣的時候，我感覺自己比向它移動時更平靜。
5．I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature.(P31 Para.3)
結構分析：此句為復合句。兩個how引導并列賓語從句，在兩個從句中it作形式主語，兩個動詞不定式短語作真正的主語。
漢語翻譯：我開始想，這樣死去是多么令人驚奇，能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。
6．I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.(P31 Para.5)
結構分析：此句為and連接的并列句。在第二個分句中，where引導定語從句，修飾an area。
漢語翻譯：我仍然跟木桶綁在一起，海浪很快把我帶到了一個其他漁民居住的地方。
escape v．& n．逃跑；逃離；逃避vt.被遺忘
escape from...從……逃離
escape doing/being done逃避(被)做……
sth escapes sb某事被某人忘記
have a narrow escape九死一生
(1)You won’t escape being punished(punish) if you play tricks on the old man again.
(2)Only with great courage and determination did she manage to escape from the sorrow of failure.
[寫作佳句]
(3)(2020·浙江7月，讀后續寫)最后，我們九死一生，幸運地沒有被那頭饑餓的北極熊傷害到。
At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear.
survive vi.& vt.幸免于難；幸存；活下來；生還；比……活得長(survivor n．幸存者survival n．幸存；生存)
survive on靠……存活下來/生存
A survive B (by＋時間)　A比B多活(……)
(1)Fortunately，these survivors(survive) can survive on the limited resources during the disaster.
(2)If he couldn’t find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of survival(survive).
(3)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years.詞義：比……活得長
[寫作佳句]
(4)(讀后續寫之升華句)生活不在于如何從暴風雨中幸存，而在于學會在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn’t about how to survive the storm；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
frightened adj.受驚的；害怕的(frightening adj.令人害怕的frighten v．使害怕；使驚嚇fright n．害怕)
be frightened of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事
be frightened to death 嚇得要死
frighten...off/away嚇跑……
frighten sb into/out of doing sth 把某人嚇得做/不做某事
(1)So frightened(frighten) was she that she couldn’t speak a word.
(2)It is believed that the loud noise of fireworks can frighten the monster away/off.
[寫作佳句]
(3)(讀后續寫之恐懼心理描寫)當我看到一頭可怕的熊張著血盆大口，我害怕得要死，頭發都豎起來了。
When I saw a frightening bear opening its bloody mouth，I was frightened to death，with my hair standing on end.
curious adj.好奇的(curiosity n．好奇心curiously adv.好奇地)
be curious to do...極想做……
be curious about...對……好奇
with curiosity好奇地
out of curiosity出于好奇
(1)I am always curious about what the world will be like in the distant future.
(2)Out of curiosity(curious)，the boy peeped into the room through a hole in the door.
(3)“What is your idea？” John asked me with curiosity，his eyes sparkling.
[寫作佳句]
(4)(應用文寫作之咨詢信)聽說你們學校正在舉辦暑期課程，我很想知道一些相關細節。
Hearing that your school is holding a summer course，I am curious to know some details about it.
equal adj.相等的；相同的n.同等的人；相等物v.與……相等，等于；比得上(equality n．平等；相等equally adv.相等地；公平地)
be equal to (doing) sth等于/勝任(做)某事
(be) without equal無與倫比
equal sb/sth in (doing) sth在(做)某事上比得過某人/物
(1)No one can equal him in skiing；that is to say，he is without equal in the sport in my class.
(2)Education is key to achieving equality(equal) and breaking down social barriers.
(3)Equally(equal) important is that your newspaper should tell students how to study.
[寫作佳句]
(4)(應用文寫作之申請信)我相信我可以勝任這項任務，因為我曾經當過導游。
I am sure I am equal to the task because I once worked as a tour guide.
as if/though仿佛；好像
I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(P31 Para.3)
我覺得惡心，好像在夢中從山頂上掉下來似的。
結構分析：此句為復合句，as if引導方式狀語從句。
as if/though可引導方式狀語從句或表語從句。從句可用陳述語氣，所表示的內容與事實相符。也可用虛擬語氣，常有以下3種情況：若表示與現在事實相反的假設，從句謂語動詞用過去時；若表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時；若表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“would/could/might＋動詞原形”。
as if/though引導的從句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名詞、不定式、形容詞、介詞短語或分詞。
(1)班主任對待我們就像她自己的孩子一樣。
Our class teacher treats us as if/though we were her own children.
(2)爸爸滿意地看著我，好像他已經知道了比賽的結果。
My father looked at me with satisfaction as if he had known the result of the competition.
(3)天空中有越來越多的烏云。看起來好像要下雨了。
There are more and more dark clouds in the sky.It looks as if/though it is going to rain.
the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...
...the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(P31 Para.4)
……物體越大，下落越快……
結構分析：此句為復合句。含有“the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)，the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)”結構，第一個“the＋比較級”為條件狀語從句。
“the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)，the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)”意為“越……，就越……”。
“比較級＋and＋比較級”意為“越來越……”，表示本身程度的變化。
“the more...，the less...”意為“越……，越不……”。
(1)隨著期末考試的臨近，我變得越來越焦慮。
With the final examination approaching，I become more and more anxious.
(2)你練習得越多，你的英語口語就會越好。
The more you practice，the better you will speak English.
(3)(2021·新課標Ⅰ，應用文寫作)我越讀這份報紙，就越是喜歡它。
The more I read the newspaper，the more I like it.
The reason why...is that...
As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(P31 Para.5)
如你所見，我能在這里講這個故事正是因為我做了正確的決定。
結構分析：此句為復合句。why引導定語從句，先行詞是the reason；that引導表語從句。
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
This/That is because...這/那是因為……
This/That is why...這/那就是……的原因。
The reason is that...原因是……
(1)我喜歡閱讀的原因是，它能豐富我的知識并拓寬我的視野。
The reason why I love reading is that it enriches my knowledge and broadens my horizons.
(2)讀經典作品能夠豐富我們的日常生活，減輕我們的壓力。這就是我們應該多讀經典作品的原因。
Reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure.This is why we should read more classics.(why)
→We should read more classics.This is because reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure.(because)
閱讀以下短文，體會加黑部分，完成下面的練習。
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest？Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution may also contribute to sleep problems.Lack of a good sleep undoubtedly does harm to people’s mental and physical health，and it is especially dangerous for teenagers who are still growing，and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
以上加黑的定語從句的關系詞都是關系副詞，分別是：when，where，why，這些詞在從句中都作狀語，如果先行詞是表示時間的名詞，關系詞要用when，如：①③；如果先行詞是表示地點的名詞或抽象的地點名詞如situation，stage等時，關系詞要用where，如：④；如果先行詞是reason，關系詞要用why，如：②。
定語從句(2)
一、關系副詞的指代及功能
當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，通常要用關系副詞引導定語從句。常用的關系副詞有when，where，why等。
1．關系副詞when
when引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞(如time，day，week，month，year等)，關系副詞when在從句中作時間狀語。有時when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I hated running.曾有一段時間我討厭跑步。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I left for college with my father.
我永遠不會忘記我和父親動身去大學的那天。
2．關系副詞where
where引導的定語從句的先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞(如place，room，house，spot等)，關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語。有時where＝in/at/on...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他們正在有很多花的公園里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.
這個女孩工作的辦公室離這兒不遠。
[疑難點津]　有一些先行詞，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，屬于抽象的地點名詞，其后所跟定語從句常用where引導，并在從句中作地點狀語。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一個項目中，你都會達到一個你只想把事情做完的階段。
We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with law.
我們到了必須用法律來對抗暴力的境地。
3．關系副詞why
why引導定語從句時，先行詞常為reason，關系副詞why在從句中作原因狀語。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解釋一下不幫助他的原因嗎？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t attend his birthday party
你能告訴我你沒參加他的生日宴會的原因嗎？
二、關系代詞和關系副詞的判定
表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關系代詞引導，也可用關系副詞引導。若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，應用關系副詞；若先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則應用關系代詞。
試比較：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？(when在從句中作時間狀語)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你還記得我們在農場一起度過的那些日子嗎？(that或which在從句中作spent的賓語)
The talented pianist returned to the city where he grew up.
這位天才鋼琴家回到了他成長的那座城市。(where在從句中作地點狀語)
The talented pianist returned to the city that/which he visited last year.
這位天才鋼琴家回到了他去年去過的那座城市。(that或which在從句中作visited的賓語)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。(why在從句中作原因狀語)
We don’t believe the reason that/which you have given us.
我們不相信你給我們的理由。(that或which在從句中作賓語)
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．The picture called up the days that/which we spent together.
2．I have reached a point in my career where I need to decide which way to go.
3．I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.
4．Have you ever been to the university where your daughter is studying
5．Have you visited the amazing palace which/that was built 300 years ago
6．I don’t believe the reason that/which he told me yesterday at all.
7．Obviously，we are now in a situation where we will have to give in to our competitor.
8．I have to admit that we are in a period when dreams have the best chance of coming true.
9．The boss of the company is trying to create an atmosphere where his employees can enjoy their work.
10．After living in Paris for fifty years，the sailor returned to the small village where he grew up.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他上班遲到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
The reason why he was late for work was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
2．這是一位著名藝術家多年前住過的房子。
This is the house where a famous artist lived years ago.
3．曾經有一段時間，他們被瞧不起。
There was a time when they were looked down on/upon.
4．我長大的那個城市這些年變化很大。
The city where I grew up has changed a lot over the years.
5．你夢想成真的那一天很快就會到來。
The day will soon come when your dream comes true.
Ⅲ.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的關系詞
There was a time 1.when I often visited the town called Keswick，which lies at the heart of Lake District.Each time I would stay in the Derwent Hotel，2.which overlooks the town.Robin and his wife，3.who bought this small hotel three years ago，have already won a good reputation(聲譽)．Robin’s excellent cooking is one of the reasons 4.why the hotel is so popular.Peter，5.who once stayed at the hotel，described it as “great”．I believe the town 6.where the great poet Wordsworth once lived will not disappoint you.
訓練2　Lesson 1
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.單句語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
1．He lives on the edge of poverty，struggling to make ends meet.
2．To some extent，it is your sharp comments that make her so upset.
3．The sailor escaped from the whirlpool and survived the huge waves.
4．Some people were almost frightened(frighten) to death by the horrible movie.
5．As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
6．Having a good command of computer skills，I am confident that I am equal to the job.
7．Her language，as I hear it，is vivid，direct，and full of observation(observe) and wisdom.
8．The travellers witnessed a lucky survival(survive) of a rabbit from the attack of an eagle.
9．The painting was horribly(horrible) damaged in the flood and could never be restored.
10．His lecture had a huge impact on the students，greatly arousing students’ curiosity(curious) about science.
Ⅱ.單句寫作(課文佳句仿寫)(滿分15分)
1．這些臺階似乎會延伸到云端。(as if/though)
It seemed as if/though the steps would extend into the clouds.
2．我們爬得越高，呼吸就越困難。(the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...)
The higher we went，the harder it was for us to breathe.
3．我們花了大約兩個小時才到達山頂。(It takes/took sb...to do sth)
It took us about two hours to reach the mountain top.
4．我們一到達山頂，就大聲歡呼。(the moment引導時間狀語從句)
The moment we arrived at the top of the mountain，we cheered loudly.
5．我們如此高興的原因是我們最終通過巨大努力實現了我們的目標。(the reason why...is/was that...)
The reason why we were so happy was that we finally achieved our goal through great efforts.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯想內容組成一篇小短文。
參考范文
Climbing the mountain was a challenge.It seemed as if the steps would extend into the clouds.What’s worse，the higher we went，the harder it was for us to breathe.However，none of us gave up.Finally，it took us about two hours to reach the mountain top.The moment we arrived at the top of the mountain，we cheered loudly.The reason why we were so happy was that we finally achieved our goal through great efforts.
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
Rogues(瘋狗浪)，called “extreme storm waves” by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)．These abnormal waves，which happen every day and all over the world，are highly unpredictable(不可預測) and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another，forming huge walls of water，according to NOAA.However，why and where they appear is unclear.But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”．
The system used AI to assess various elements that might lead to rogue waves.The team trained a neural(神經的) network using historical wave data.This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them.But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.So Hafner’s team used a different machine learning method that provides an equation when given data，rather than just a single prediction，helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis shows that abnormal waves occur all the time.In fact，we collected 100,000 waves in our data set that can be named as rogue waves by definition(定義)，” Hafner said.This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，Hafner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might appear to seek an alternative course.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了“瘋狗浪”這一極端海洋現象，并詳細描述了科學家們如何利用人工智能技術創建了一個預測系統，以預測這些危險波浪的出現，從而保護海上航行的船只。
1．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example.
B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a comparison.
D．By making an assumption.
答案　B
解析　推理判斷題。根據文章第一段中的“Rogues(瘋狗浪)，called ‘extreme storm waves’ by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them...”可知，科學家稱瘋狗浪為“極端風暴浪”，是巨大、意外且危險的波浪，其高度至少是周圍其他波浪的兩倍。作者通過給出瘋狗浪的定義來引入話題。故選B。
2．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures.
B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rogue waves from occurring.
D．Predict the hitting of rogue waves.
答案　D
解析　細節理解題。根據文章第二段中的“But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’．”可知，通過使用包括歷史記錄和全球158個地點的數據在內的700年間的海洋數據，研究人員現在創建了一個預測這些“巨大野獸”的系統。即該系統可以預測“瘋狗浪”的襲擊。故選D。
3．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A．They are invisible.
B．They depend on too many elements.
C．They make incorrect predictions.
D．They don’t deal with data system.
答案　A
解析　細節理解題。根據文章第三段中的“But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.”可知，AI的方法隱藏在一個黑匣子中，這意味著科學家們無法知道AI是如何工作的。所以AI方法的缺點是它們的工作過程是不可見的。故選A。
4．How does Hafner find the system
A．It requires more field tests.
B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement.
D．It has a promising future.
答案　D
解析　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段中的“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave...can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might appear to seek an alternative course.”可推知，Hafner認為該系統有一個光明的未來。故選D。
B
(2025·四川宜賓高一上期末)
Australian scientists have come up with a clever way to study hard-to-reach areas of the sea floor: they tied cameras to sea lions.The resulting videos have given scientists new information about the sea lions，and also about the sea floor.
Australian sea lions are endangered.Their numbers have dropped by over 60% in the last 40 years.Scientists wanted to learn more about how sea lions use different areas of the sea floor to gather food.
But studying the sea floor is difficult.Underwater robots are expensive，they often move slowly，and they can’t go everywhere.So scientists at the University of Adelaide came up with a different plan—tying cameras to sea lions.The sea lions could cover large areas of the ocean floor quickly，and dive deeply to places humans can’t reach.
The researchers used eight healthy females from two different groups of sea lions.They chose females because they would soon return to land to feed their young pups.That meant the scientists could easily get the cameras back.The scientists put the sea lions to sleep and temporarily attached a light-weight camera and GPS tracker to the animals.The team worked with animal experts to make sure the sea lions were treated well.Before long，the sea lions woke up and headed out to sea.
Over the next few days，the eight sea lions traveled 348,560 kilometers underwater，diving as deep as 110 meters below the surface.In all，the animals collected 89 hours of video，letting the researchers see exactly what the animals saw.The results were exciting.The videos showed the sea lions hunting for food and proved that mother sea lions teach their pups how to hunt.
The videos recorded the sea floor in places that had never been seen before.The researchers were able to identify six different types of sea floor environments，such as areas with lots of marine plants，or with bare sand.The videos gave the team a good idea of the kinds of plants and animals living in each of those environments.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了澳大利亞科學家將攝像機綁在海獅身上研究海底難以到達的區域，海獅助力科學家獲取海底及自身相關信息。
5．What does the underlined word “endangered” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Rare and valuable. B．In need of training.
C．Common and popular. D．In face of disappearing.
答案　D
解析　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“Their numbers have dropped by over 60% in the last 40 years.”可知，在過去40年里，海獅的數量下降了60%以上。由此可知，海獅處于瀕危狀態。畫線詞與in face of disappearing“面臨消失”意思相近。故選D項。
6．Why were sea lions chosen for studying the sea floor
A．Because underwater robots are less developed.
B．Because sea lions are easy to catch and release.
C．Because sea lions can reach where humans can’t.
D．Because sea lions have a strong sense of direction.
答案　C
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Underwater robots are expensive，they often move slowly，and they can’t go everywhere.”以及“The sea lions could cover large areas of the ocean floor quickly，and dive deeply to places humans can’t reach.”可知，選擇海獅研究海底是因為海獅能代替昂貴的機器人到達人類無法到達的地方。故選C項。
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Scientists observed sea lions’ hunting behavior.
B．Scientists prepared the sea lions for the journey.
C．The sea lions were chosen based on their age and sex.
D．Sea lions were carefully monitored during the research.
答案　B
解析　段落大意題。根據第四段中“The researchers used eight healthy females from two different groups of sea lions.”以及“The scientists put the sea lions to sleep and temporarily attached a light-weight camera and GPS tracker to the animals.”等內容可知，本段主要介紹了科學家選擇出健康的海獅，然后讓它們進入睡眠狀態，并在它們身上安裝設備，這些都是為海獅潛入海底之旅做的準備工作。故選B項。
8．What is probably the best title for the passage
A．The Diet of Australian Sea Lions
B．Underwater Journeys of Sea Lions
C．Sea Lions Help to Map Ocean Floor
D．The Importance of Protecting Sea Lions
答案　C
解析　標題歸納題。文章開篇提到“Australian scientists have come up with a clever way to study hard-to-reach areas of the sea floor: they tied cameras to sea lions.”，接著講述海獅幫助科學家獲取海底信息等內容，所以文章主要講了海獅幫助繪制海底地圖。C選項適合作本文標題。故選C項。
Ⅳ.七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
(2025·豫東名校高一上期末)
In the U.S.，7.5 million acres of land are lost to wildfires every year，mostly with human-related causes.Weather can affect these fires，but what people do makes it worse.The main reasons for these fires are burning rubbish，overheated or sparking(冒火花) machines，and campfires. 1 .It is the key to reducing what could start a fire.By taking into account the methods of preventing wildfires，we can keep the big problems under control.
Practicing responsible farming and rubbish disposal(處理)
Farmers sometimes burn dry plants to put nutrients back into the ground. 2 .While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal，many people do it，especially in faraway places.These activities are often the cause of wildfires.When ashes are not properly put out or weather conditions are poor，fires grow and spread to nearby ecosystems.
Preventing machinery-related hazards(隱患)
3 .Therefore，it is recommended to avoid using spark-producing tools as they can light dry plants on fire.Additionally，refueling heated engines is dangerous，as it can cause fires.In general，it is a good idea to have fire-extinguishing equipment on hand to prevent the growth of small fires that could be caused by machines.
4
While having fun outdoors，ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment.One such example includes making sure that campfires are completely put out.If fireworks are being lit，it is important to take wildfire prevention measures.Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests.Additionally，water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy. 5 .
A．Maintaining a safe environment
B．The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C．Burning rubbish is another related activity
D．These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E．Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F．Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G．Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
1．答案　G
解析　前文講了引發野火的三個主要的人為原因，結合空后“It is the key to reducing what could start a fire.”可知空格處總結上文，并涉及空后It所指代的內容，即減少起火因素的關鍵。G選項“只有通過負責任的行為才能預防和控制火災”回應了上文提到的人類活動對野火的影響，也與下文銜接緊密，其中的responsible behavior就是下文中It指代的內容。故選G。
2．答案　C
解析　根據小標題可知，本段建議負責任地進行農業活動和垃圾處理。空前“Farmers sometimes burn dry plants...”提到了容易引發野火的農業活動，結合空后“While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal...faraway places.”可推斷出空格處所說的是一種處理垃圾的方式，為this指代的內容，C選項“焚燒垃圾是另一項相關活動”與上文并列并且引出下文。故選C。
3．答案　F
解析　本段小標題講的是“防止與機械有關的隱患”，結合空后“Therefore，it is recommended to avoid...”可知，空格處與后文為因果關系，涉及避免使用產生火花的工具的原因，F選項“高溫設備和過熱的發動機很容易引發野火”引起下文，符合語境。故選F。
4．答案　A
解析　空格處是本段小標題，通過瀏覽各選項可將答案定位于A項或E項。根據空后“While having fun outdoors，ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment.”可知，本段主要講的是要確保在安全的環境中玩耍，A選項“保持安全的環境”概括了本段主要內容，可作為小標題。故選A。
5．答案　D
解析　空前“Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests.Additionally，water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy.”是一些防火措施，空格處應該說明這些措施會有什么作用，D選項“這些措施將防止意外的火災”說明了空前的措施會起到的作用，承接上文，符合語境。故選D。
Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
(2025·廣東深圳高一上期末)
Because of the fast pace of social life，a good sleep is sometimes beyond our reach.Maybe you didn’t get enough sleep last night，but chances are you’re still doing better than the 1. (type) northern elephant seal.Scientists 2. (discover) the massive creatures are often getting less shut-eye than most others in the animal kingdom recently.
For months at a time，they go on long voyages 3. they migrate thousands of miles off the Pacific coast and back again as they hunt for food.While out at sea，they’re 4. (continuous) diving more than 3,000 feet underwater.“So there’s a bit of a puzzle，” explains McKnight.“5.___________ you’re diving all the time，and spending 90% of your time at sea underwater without access 6. air，when do you sleep？”
7． study published on Thursday in the journal Science now offers an answer: Northern elephant seals rely on short power naps during those deep 8. (dive)，which altogether add up to about two hours of sleep per day，says Jessica Kendall-Bar，the study’s lead author and an eco-physiologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.“And they do that while 9.___________(hold) their breath very deep below the ocean surface，” she says.
The new findings mean that northern elephant seals now beat African elephants who currently hold the world record for the 10. (short) daily sleep time among mammals.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學家研究發現，北象海豹在深海潛水時靠短暫小睡每天睡覺約兩小時，這一發現使其取代非洲象成為哺乳動物中每日睡眠時間最短的動物。
1．答案　typical
解析　考查形容詞。空處修飾名詞短語northern elephant seal，用type的形容詞形式typical，意為“典型的”。故填typical。
2．答案　have discovered
解析　考查動詞時態和主謂一致。空處作句子的謂語，結合時間狀語“recently”可知，時態應用現在完成時，且主語Scientists是復數，助動詞應用have。故填have discovered。
3．答案　where
解析　考查定語從句。句意：它們一次要進行幾個月的長途跋涉，在太平洋海岸外遷徙數千英里，然后再回來尋找食物。分析句子可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞voyages，先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where作引導詞。故填where。
4．答案　continuously
解析　考查副詞。空處修飾動詞diving，應用continuous的副詞形式continuously，意為“持續地”。故填continuously。
5．答案　If
解析　考查條件狀語從句。句末的“when do you sleep？”提出疑問，此處表示疑問所基于的假設，空處應用從屬連詞if引導條件狀語從句，表示“如果，假如”，句首單詞的首字母需大寫。故填If。
6．答案　to
解析　考查介詞。access to...是固定搭配，表示“使用……的機會，接近……的權利”。故填to。
7．答案　A
解析　考查冠詞。空處表示泛指，意為“一項研究”，應用不定冠詞，且study的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用a，句首單詞的首字母需大寫。故填A。
8．答案　dives
解析　考查名詞復數。空處作during的賓語，those后可數名詞dive“潛水”應用復數形式。故填dives。
9．答案　holding
解析　考查狀語從句的省略。此處是while引導的時間狀語從句的省略形式，從句主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語部分含有be動詞，所以省略了從句主語they和be動詞are，hold和被省略的主語they之間是主動關系，hold應用現在分詞形式。故填holding。
10．答案　shortest
解析　考查形容詞最高級。根據前面的“hold the world record”以及定冠詞the可知，此處應用short的最高級。故填shortest。(共104張PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Lesson 1
HUMANS AND NATURE
UNIT 5
內容索引
Part 1　課文深度理解
Part 2　長句難句分析
Part 3　語言知識梳理
Part 4　語法項目精講
訓練2
課文深度理解
Step 1　速讀——整體理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A.The “Moskoe-strom”.
B.How to survive on the sea.
C.How to fight against a storm.
D.An experience of surviving in a storm.
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章結構
was covered with
dark clouds
covered our boat
fell into the sea
cried out
frightened
towards the direction of the whirl-
pool
on the edge of
went over the edge
hopeless
the huge whirlpool
in circles at great speed
a barrel to help me float
understand
too frightened to get it
curious and calm
became less wild
picked me up
tired
Step 2　細讀——深度獲取細節
1.What does the phrase “All at once” mean in the second paragraph
A.Suddenly.
B.Only once.
C.At one time.
D.At a time.
√
2.When did the storyteller feel calmer
A.The moment he heard the word “Moskoe-strom”.
B.When they were on the edge of the whirlpool.
C.When they went over the edge of the whirlpool.
D.When they were going in the direction of the whirlpool.
√
3.What happened to the storyteller’s elder brother
A.He was taken away by the boat.
B.He lost his life in the whirlpool.
C.He was rescued by some fishermen.
D.He jumped into the sea and escaped.
√
4.Which of the following can be used to describe the storyteller
A.Generous and kind.
B.Ambitious and brave.
C.Courageous and calm.
D.Outgoing and honest.
√
Step 3　讀后——課文語法填空
One day about three years ago，the storyteller and his two brothers 1. (sail) on the sea when the sky suddenly was covered 2.________ dark clouds and then a terrible storm came.His younger brother fell into the sea.The moment his elder brother cried out “Moskoe-strom！”，they were pushed towards the edge of the whirlpool.He felt hopeless and sick.When they were on 3. edge of the whirlpool，he felt 4. (calm) than when they were moving towards it.Suddenly，they went over the edge and saw some trees and barrels in the whirlpool.
were sailing
with/by
the
calmer
After a moment，he became curious about the whirlpool itself and made three important 5. (observe).Based on 6. he found，he tied himself to a barrel，which helped him float.Although he tried 7.____
(make) his elder brother understand what he should do，his brother was too 8. (frighten) to understand.Without 9._______ (wait)，he jumped into the sea and finally he 10. (save) by other fishermen.
observations
what
to
make
frightened
waiting
was saved
返 回
長句難句分析
1.That (be) the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.(P30 Para.1)
結構分析：此句為 句。when引導 從句，修飾 ，在從句中作 ；it作 ，to break my body and soul是 。
漢語翻譯：____________________________________________________
was
復合
定語
the day
時間狀語
形式主語
真正的主語
那一天，我的身體和靈魂只用了六個小時就支離破碎了。
2.One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked (go) and got more fish than others.(P30 Para.2)
結構分析：此句為 句。where引導 從句，修飾 。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
going
復合
定語
the islands
　　　　　有一天，我和我的兩個兄弟又去了我們經常去探險的島嶼，抓到了比其他人更多的魚。
3.The moment I heard the word I became very (frighten).(P30 Para.2)
結構分析：此句為 句。the moment引導 從句，意為“ ”，相當于 。
漢語翻譯：____________________________________________________
frightened
復合
時間狀語
一……就……
as soon as/the minute/the instant/the second
一聽到這個詞，我恐懼至極。
4.It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt (calm) than when we were moving towards it.(P31 Para.3)
結構分析：此句為but連接的 句。在第二個分句中，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool是when引導的 從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
calmer
并列
時間狀語
　　　　　看起來可能很奇怪，但在那一刻，當我們處在漩渦邊緣的時候，我感覺自己比向它移動時更平靜。
5.I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die such a way，and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature.(P31 Para.3)
結構分析：此句為 句。兩個how引導并列 從句，在兩個從句中it作 ，兩個動詞不定式短語作 。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
in
復合
賓語
形式主語
真正的主語
　　　　　我開始想，這樣死去是多么令人驚奇，能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。
6.I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me an area where the other fishermen were.(P31 Para.5)
結構分析：此句為and連接的 句。在第二個分句中，where引導____從句，修飾 。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to
并列
定語
an area
　　　　　我仍然跟木桶綁在一起，海浪很快把我帶到了一個其他漁民居住的地方。
返 回
語言知識梳理
v.& n.逃跑；逃離；逃避vt.被遺忘
1
escape
·escape from...從……逃離
　escape doing/being done逃避(被)做……
　sth escapes sb某事被某人忘記
·have a narrow escape九死一生
(1)You won’t escape (punish) if you play tricks on the old man again.
(2)Only with great courage and determination did she manage to escape _____ the sorrow of failure.
being punished
from
寫作佳句
(3)(2020·浙江7月，讀后續寫)最后，我們九死一生，幸運地沒有被那頭饑餓的北極熊傷害到。
At last，we ，fortunately ______________
the hungry polar bear.
had a narrow escape
escaping being
hurt by
vi.& vt.幸免于難；幸存；活下來；生還；比……活得長(survivor n.幸存者survival n.幸存；生存)
2
survive
survive on靠……存活下來/生存
A survive B (by＋時間)　A比B多活(……)
(1)Fortunately，these (survive) can survive the limited resources during the disaster.
(2)If he couldn’t find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of (survive).
(3)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years. 詞義：_____________
survivors
on
survival
比……活得長
寫作佳句
(4)(讀后續寫之升華句)生活不在于如何從暴風雨中幸存，而在于學會在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn’t about ；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
how to survive the storm
adj.受驚的；害怕的(frightening adj.令人害怕的frighten v.使害怕；使驚嚇fright n.害怕)
3
frightened
·be frightened of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
　be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事
　be frightened to death 嚇得要死
·frighten...off/away嚇跑……
　frighten sb into/out of doing sth 把某人嚇得做/不做某事
(1)So (frighten) was she that she couldn’t speak a word.
(2)It is believed that the loud noise of fireworks can frighten the monster _________.
frightened
away/off
寫作佳句
(3)(讀后續寫之恐懼心理描寫)當我看到一頭可怕的熊張著血盆大口，我害怕得要死，頭發都豎起來了。
When I saw opening its bloody mouth，I _____________________，with my hair standing on end.
a frightening bear
was frightened to death
adj.好奇的(curiosity n.好奇心curiously adv.好奇地)
4
curious
·be curious to do...極想做……
　be curious about...對……好奇
·with curiosity好奇地
　out of curiosity出于好奇
(1)I am always curious what the world will be like in the distant future.
(2)Out of (curious)，the boy peeped into the room through a hole in the door.
(3)“What is your idea？” John asked me curiosity，his eyes sparkling.
about
curiosity
with
寫作佳句
(4)(應用文寫作之咨詢信)聽說你們學校正在舉辦暑期課程，我很想知道一些相關細節。
Hearing that your school is holding a summer course，I ____________________________________.
am curious to know some details about it
adj.相等的；相同的n.同等的人；相等物v.與……相等，等于；比得上(equality n.平等；相等equally adv.相等地；公平地)
5
equal
·be equal to (doing) sth等于/勝任(做)某事
·(be) without equal無與倫比
·equal sb/sth in (doing) sth在(做)某事上比得過某人/物
(1)No one can equal him skiing；that is to say，he is equal in the sport in my class.
(2)Education is key to achieving (equal) and breaking down social barriers.
(3) (equal) important is that your newspaper should tell students how to study.
in
without
equality
Equally
寫作佳句
(4)(應用文寫作之申請信)我相信我可以勝任這項任務，因為我曾經當過導游。
I am sure I because I once worked as a tour guide.
am equal to the task
仿佛；好像
6
as if/though
I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(P31 Para.3)
我覺得惡心，好像在夢中從山頂上掉下來似的。
結構分析：此句為復合句，as if引導方式狀語從句。
·as if/though可引導方式狀語從句或表語從句。從句可用陳述語氣，所表示的內容與事實相符。也可用虛擬語氣，常有以下3種情況：若表示與現在事實相反的假設，從句謂語動詞用過去時；若表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時；若表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“would/could/might＋動詞原形”。
·as if/though引導的從句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名詞、不定式、形容詞、介詞短語或分詞。
(1)班主任對待我們就像她自己的孩子一樣。
Our class teacher treats us .
(2)爸爸滿意地看著我，好像他已經知道了比賽的結果。
My father looked at me with satisfaction ____________________________
.
(3)天空中有越來越多的烏云。看起來好像要下雨了。
There are more and more dark clouds in the sky.It looks ______________
.
as if/though we were her own children
as if he had known the result of
the competition
as if/though it is
going to rain
7
the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...
...the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(P31 Para.4)
……物體越大，下落越快……
結構分析：此句為復合句。含有“the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)，the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)”結構，第一個“the＋比較級”為條件狀語從句。
·“the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)，the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)”意為“越……，就越……”。
·“比較級＋and＋比較級”意為“越來越……”，表示本身程度的變化。
·“the more...，the less...”意為“越……，越不……”。
(1)隨著期末考試的臨近，我變得越來越焦慮。
With the final examination approaching，__________________________
.
(2)你練習得越多，你的英語口語就會越好。
The more you practice， .
(3)(2021·新課標Ⅰ，應用文寫作)我越讀這份報紙，就越是喜歡它。
______________________________________________________________
I become more and more
anxious
the better you will speak English
The more I read the newspaper，the more I like it.
8
The reason why...is that...
As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(P31 Para.5)
如你所見，我能在這里講這個故事正是因為我做了正確的決定。
結構分析：此句為復合句。why引導定語從句，先行詞是the reason；that引導表語從句。
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
This/That is because...這/那是因為……
This/That is why...這/那就是……的原因。
The reason is that...原因是……
(1)我喜歡閱讀的原因是，它能豐富我的知識并拓寬我的視野。
it enriches my knowledge and broadens my horizons.
(2)讀經典作品能夠豐富我們的日常生活，減輕我們的壓力。這就是我們應該多讀經典作品的原因。
Reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure. ____________________________________.(why)
→We should read more classics. __________________________________
.(because)
The reason why I love reading is that
This is why we should read more classics
This is because reading classics can
enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure
返 回
語法項目精講
情境導讀
閱讀以下短文，體會加顏色部分，完成下面的練習。
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest？Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution may also contribute to sleep problems. Lack of a good sleep undoubtedly does harm to people’s mental and physical health，and it is especially dangerous for teenagers who are still growing，and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
以上加顏色的定語從句的關系詞都是關系副詞，分別是：________
，這些詞在從句中都作狀語，如果先行詞是表示時間的名詞，關系詞要用 ，如： ；如果先行詞是表示地點的名詞或抽象的地點名詞如situation，stage等時，關系詞要用 ，如： ；如果先行詞是reason，關系詞要用 ，如： 。
when，
where，why
when
①③
where
④
why
②
語法總覽
語法精講
定語從句(2)
一、關系副詞的指代及功能
當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，通常要用關系副詞引導定語從句。常用的關系副詞有when，where，why等。
1.關系副詞when
when引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞(如time，day，week，month，year等)，關系副詞when在從句中作時間狀語。有時when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I hated running.
曾有一段時間我討厭跑步。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I left for college with my father.
我永遠不會忘記我和父親動身去大學的那天。
2.關系副詞where
where引導的定語從句的先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞(如place，room，house，spot等)，關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語。有時where＝in/at/on...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他們正在有很多花的公園里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.
這個女孩工作的辦公室離這兒不遠。
疑難點津
有一些先行詞，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，屬于抽象的地點名詞，其后所跟定語從句常用where引導，并在從句中作地點狀語。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一個項目中，你都會達到一個你只想把事情做完的階段。
We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with law.
我們到了必須用法律來對抗暴力的境地。
3.關系副詞why
why引導定語從句時，先行詞常為reason，關系副詞why在從句中作原因狀語。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解釋一下不幫助他的原因嗎？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t attend his birthday party
你能告訴我你沒參加他的生日宴會的原因嗎？
二、關系代詞和關系副詞的判定
表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關系代詞引導，也可用關系副詞引導。若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，應用關系副詞；若先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則應用關系代詞。
試比較：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？(when在從句中作時間狀語)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你還記得我們在農場一起度過的那些日子嗎？(that或which在從句中作spent的賓語)
The talented pianist returned to the city where he grew up.
這位天才鋼琴家回到了他成長的那座城市。(where在從句中作地點狀語)
The talented pianist returned to the city that/which he visited last year.
這位天才鋼琴家回到了他去年去過的那座城市。(that或which在從句中作visited的賓語)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。(why在從句中作原因狀語)
We don’t believe the reason that/which you have given us.
我們不相信你給我們的理由。(that或which在從句中作賓語)
達標檢測
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.The picture called up the days we spent together.
2.I have reached a point in my career I need to decide which way to go.
3.I have come around to explain the reason I was absent from the meeting.
4.Have you ever been to the university your daughter is studying
5.Have you visited the amazing palace was built 300 years ago
6.I don’t believe the reason he told me yesterday at all.
that/which
where
why
where
which/that
that/which
7.Obviously，we are now in a situation we will have to give in to our competitor.
8.I have to admit that we are in a period dreams have the best chance of coming true.
9.The boss of the company is trying to create an atmosphere his employees can enjoy their work.
10.After living in Paris for fifty years，the sailor returned to the small village he grew up.
where
when
where
where
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.他上班遲到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
The reason was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
2.這是一位著名藝術家多年前住過的房子。
This is the house .
3.曾經有一段時間，他們被瞧不起。
There was a time .
4.我長大的那個城市這些年變化很大。
The city has changed a lot over the years.
why he was late for work
where a famous artist lived years ago
when they were looked down on/upon
where I grew up
5.你夢想成真的那一天很快就會到來。
The day will soon come .
when your dream comes true
Ⅲ.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的關系詞
There was a time 1. I often visited the town called Keswick，which lies at the heart of Lake District.Each time I would stay in the Derwent Hotel，2. overlooks the town.Robin and his wife，3._____ bought this small hotel three years ago，have already won a good reputation(聲譽).Robin’s excellent cooking is one of the reasons 4. the hotel is so popular.Peter，5. once stayed at the hotel，described it as “great”.I believe the town 6. the great poet Wordsworth once lived will not disappoint you.
when
which
who
why
who
where
返 回
訓練2
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.He lives the edge of poverty，struggling to make ends meet.
2. some extent，it is your sharp comments that make her so upset.
3.The sailor escaped the whirlpool and survived the huge waves.
4.Some people were almost (frighten) to death by the horrible movie.
5. is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
6.Having a good command of computer skills，I am confident that I am equal the job.
on
To
from
frightened
As
to
7.Her language，as I hear it，is vivid，direct，and full of ___________ (observe) and wisdom.
8.The travellers witnessed a lucky (survive) of a rabbit from the attack of an eagle.
9.The painting was (horrible) damaged in the flood and could never be restored.
10.His lecture had a huge impact on the students，greatly arousing students’ (curious) about science.
observation
survival
horribly
curiosity
Ⅱ.單句寫作(課文佳句仿寫)
1.這些臺階似乎會延伸到云端。(as if/though)
______________________________________________________________
2.我們爬得越高，呼吸就越困難。(the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...)
______________________________________________________________
3.我們花了大約兩個小時才到達山頂。(It takes/took sb...to do sth)
______________________________________________________________
4.我們一到達山頂，就大聲歡呼。(the moment引導時間狀語從句)
______________________________________________________________
It seemed as if/though the steps would extend into the clouds.
The higher we went，the harder it was for us to breathe.
It took us about two hours to reach the mountain top.
The moment we arrived at the top of the mountain，we cheered loudly.
5.我們如此高興的原因是我們最終通過巨大努力實現了我們的目標。(the reason why...is/was that...)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯想內容組成一篇小短文。
The reason why we were so happy was that we finally achieved our goal through great efforts.
參考范文
Climbing the mountain was a challenge.It seemed as if the steps would extend into the clouds.What’s worse，the higher we went，the harder it was for us to breathe.However，none of us gave up.Finally，it took us about two hours to reach the mountain top.The moment we arrived at the top of the mountain，we cheered loudly.The reason why we were so happy was that we finally achieved our goal through great efforts.
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀
A
Rogues(瘋狗浪)，called “extreme storm waves” by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA).These abnormal waves，which happen every day and all over the world，are highly unpredictable(不可預測) and can destroy ships that meet with them.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了“瘋狗浪”這一極端海洋現象，并詳細描述了科學家們如何利用人工智能技術創建了一個預測系統，以預測這些危險波浪的出現，從而保護海上航行的船只。
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another，forming huge walls of water，according to NOAA. However，why and where they appear is unclear.But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”.
The system used AI to assess various elements that might lead to rogue waves.The team trained a neural(神經的) network using historical wave data.This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them.But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.So Hafner’s team used a different machine learning method that provides an equation when given data，rather than just a single prediction，helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis shows that abnormal waves occur all the time.In fact，we collected 100,000 waves in our data set that can be named as rogue waves by definition(定義)，” Hafner said.This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，Hafner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might appear to seek an alternative course.
1.How does the author introduce the topic
A.By using an example.
B.By giving a definition.
C.By drawing a comparison.
D.By making an assumption.
√
推理判斷題。根據文章第一段中的“Rogues(瘋狗浪)，called ‘extreme storm waves’ by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them...”可知，科學家稱瘋狗浪為“極端風暴浪”，是巨大、意外且危險的波浪，其高度至少是周圍其他波浪的兩倍。作者通過給出瘋狗浪的定義來引入話題。故選B。
解析
2.What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A.Monitor huge sea creatures.
B.Guide ships around in the sea.
C.Prevent rogue waves from occurring.
D.Predict the hitting of rogue waves.
√
細節理解題。根據文章第二段中的“But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’.”可知，通過使用包括歷史記錄和全球158個地點的數據在內的700年間的海洋數據，研究人員現在創建了一個預測這些“巨大野獸”的系統。即該系統可以預測“瘋狗浪”的襲擊。故選D。
解析
3.What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A.They are invisible.
B.They depend on too many elements.
C.They make incorrect predictions.
D.They don’t deal with data system.
√
細節理解題。根據文章第三段中的“But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.”可知，AI的方法隱藏在一個黑匣子中，這意味著科學家們無法知道AI是如何工作的。所以AI方法的缺點是它們的工作過程是不可見的。故選A。
解析
4.How does Hafner find the system
A.It requires more field tests.
B.It has been widely used.
C.It needs further improvement.
D.It has a promising future.
√
推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段中的“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave...can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might appear to seek an alternative course.”可推知，Hafner認為該系統有一個光明的未來。故選D。
解析
B
(2025·四川宜賓高一上期末)
Australian scientists have come up with a clever way to study hard-to-reach areas of the sea floor: they tied cameras to sea lions.The resulting videos have given scientists new information about the sea lions，and also about the sea floor.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了澳大利亞科學家將攝像機綁在海獅身上研究海底難以到達的區域，海獅助力科學家獲取海底及自身相關信息。
Australian sea lions are endangered.Their numbers have dropped by over 60% in the last 40 years.Scientists wanted to learn more about how sea lions use different areas of the sea floor to gather food.
But studying the sea floor is difficult.Underwater robots are expensive，they often move slowly，and they can’t go everywhere.So scientists at the University of Adelaide came up with a different plan—tying cameras to sea lions.The sea lions could cover large areas of the ocean floor quickly，and dive deeply to places humans can’t reach.
The researchers used eight healthy females from two different groups of sea lions.They chose females because they would soon return to land to feed their young pups.That meant the scientists could easily get the cameras back.The scientists put the sea lions to sleep and temporarily attached a light-weight camera and GPS tracker to the animals.The team worked with animal experts to make sure the sea lions were treated well.Before long，the sea lions woke up and headed out to sea.
Over the next few days，the eight sea lions traveled 348,560 kilometers underwater，diving as deep as 110 meters below the surface. In all，the animals collected 89 hours of video，letting the researchers see exactly what the animals saw.The results were exciting.The videos showed the sea lions hunting for food and proved that mother sea lions teach their pups how to hunt.
The videos recorded the sea floor in places that had never been seen before.The researchers were able to identify six different types of sea floor environments，such as areas with lots of marine plants，or with bare sand.The videos gave the team a good idea of the kinds of plants and animals living in each of those environments.
5.What does the underlined word “endangered” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Rare and valuable. B.In need of training.
C.Common and popular. D.In face of disappearing.
√
詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“Their numbers have dropped by over 60% in the last 40 years.”可知，在過去40年里，海獅的數量下降了60%以上。由此可知，海獅處于瀕危狀態。畫線詞與in face of disappearing“面臨消失”意思相近。故選D項。
解析
6.Why were sea lions chosen for studying the sea floor
A.Because underwater robots are less developed.
B.Because sea lions are easy to catch and release.
C.Because sea lions can reach where humans can’t.
D.Because sea lions have a strong sense of direction.
√
細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Underwater robots are expensive，they often move slowly，and they can’t go everywhere.”以及“The sea lions could cover large areas of the ocean floor quickly，and dive deeply to places humans can’t reach.”可知，選擇海獅研究海底是因為海獅能代替昂貴的機器人到達人類無法到達的地方。故選C項。
解析
7.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Scientists observed sea lions’ hunting behavior.
B.Scientists prepared the sea lions for the journey.
C.The sea lions were chosen based on their age and sex.
D.Sea lions were carefully monitored during the research.
√
段落大意題。根據第四段中“The researchers used eight healthy females from two different groups of sea lions.”以及“The scientists put the sea lions to sleep and temporarily attached a light-weight camera and GPS tracker to the animals.”等內容可知，本段主要介紹了科學家選擇出健康的海獅，然后讓它們進入睡眠狀態，并在它們身上安裝設備，這些都是為海獅潛入海底之旅做的準備工作。故選B項。
解析
8.What is probably the best title for the passage
A.The Diet of Australian Sea Lions
B.Underwater Journeys of Sea Lions
C.Sea Lions Help to Map Ocean Floor
D.The Importance of Protecting Sea Lions
√
標題歸納題。文章開篇提到“Australian scientists have come up with a clever way to study hard-to-reach areas of the sea floor: they tied cameras to sea lions.”，接著講述海獅幫助科學家獲取海底信息等內容，所以文章主要講了海獅幫助繪制海底地圖。C選項適合作本文標題。故選C項。
解析
Ⅳ.七選五
(2025·豫東名校高一上期末)
In the U.S.，7.5 million acres of land are lost to wildfires every year，mostly with human-related causes.Weather can affect these fires，but what people do makes it worse.The main reasons for these fires are burning rubbish，overheated or sparking(冒火花) machines，and campfires.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是在美國預防野火發生的關鍵措施。
1 .It is the key to reducing what could start a fire.By taking into account the methods of preventing wildfires，we can keep the big problems under control.
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
前文講了引發野火的三個主要的人為原因，結合空后“It is the key to reducing what could start a fire.”可知空格處總結上文，并涉及空后It所指代的內容，即減少起火因素的關鍵。G選項“只有通過負責任的行為才能預防和控制火災”回應了上文提到的人類活動對野火的影響，也與下文銜接緊密，其中的responsible behavior就是下文中It指代的內容。故選G。
解析
Practicing responsible farming and rubbish disposal(處理)
Farmers sometimes burn dry plants to put nutrients back into the ground. 2 .
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
根據小標題可知，本段建議負責任地進行農業活動和垃圾處理。空前“Farmers sometimes burn dry plants...”提到了容易引發野火的農業活動，結合空后“While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal...faraway places.”可推斷出空格處所說的是一種處理垃圾的方式，為this指代的內容，C選項“焚燒垃圾是另一項相關活動”與上文并列并且引出下文。故選C。
解析
While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal，many people do it，especially in faraway places.These activities are often the cause of wildfires.When ashes are not properly put out or weather conditions are poor，fires grow and spread to nearby ecosystems.
Preventing machinery-related hazards(隱患)
3 .
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
本段小標題講的是“防止與機械有關的隱患”，結合空后“Therefore，it is recommended to avoid...”可知，空格處與后文為因果關系，涉及避免使用產生火花的工具的原因，F選項“高溫設備和過熱的發動機很容易引發野火”引起下文，符合語境。故選F。
解析
Therefore，it is recommended to avoid using spark-producing tools as they can light dry plants on fire.Additionally，refueling heated engines is dangerous，as it can cause fires.In general，it is a good idea to have fire-extinguishing equipment on hand to prevent the growth of small fires that could be caused by machines.
4
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
空格處是本段小標題，通過瀏覽各選項可將答案定位于A項或E項。根據空后“While having fun outdoors，ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment.”可知，本段主要講的是要確保在安全的環境中玩耍，A選項“保持安全的環境”概括了本段主要內容，可作為小標題。故選A。
解析
While having fun outdoors，ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment.One such example includes making sure that campfires are completely put out.If fireworks are being lit，it is important to take wildfire prevention measures.Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests.Additionally，water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy.
5 .
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
空前“Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests.Additionally，water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy.”是一些防火措施，空格處應該說明這些措施會有什么作用，D選項“這些措施將防止意外的火災”說明了空前的措施會起到的作用，承接上文，符合語境。故選D。
解析
Ⅴ.語法填空
(2025·廣東深圳高一上期末)
Because of the fast pace of social life，a good sleep is sometimes beyond our reach.Maybe you didn’t get enough sleep last night，but chances are you’re still doing better than the 1. (type) northern elephant seal. Scientists 2. (discover) the massive creatures are often getting less shut-eye than most others in the animal kingdom recently.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學家研究發現，北象海豹在深海潛水時靠短暫小睡每天睡覺約兩小時，這一發現使其取代非洲象成為哺乳動物中每日睡眠時間最短的動物。
typical
have discovered
1.考查形容詞。空處修飾名詞短語northern elephant seal，用type的形容詞形式typical，意為“典型的”。故填typical。
2.考查動詞時態和主謂一致。空處作句子的謂語，結合時間狀語“recently”可知，時態應用現在完成時，且主語Scientists是復數，助動詞應用have。故填have discovered。
解析
For months at a time，they go on long voyages 3. they migrate thousands of miles off the Pacific coast and back again as they hunt for food.
where
考查定語從句。句意：它們一次要進行幾個月的長途跋涉，在太平洋海岸外遷徙數千英里，然后再回來尋找食物。分析句子可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞voyages，先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where作引導詞。故填where。
解析
While out at sea，they’re 4. (continuous) diving more than 3,000 feet underwater.“So there’s a bit of a puzzle，” explains McKnight.
continuously
考查副詞。空處修飾動詞diving，應用continuous的副詞形式continuously，意為“持續地”。故填continuously。
解析
“5. you’re diving all the time，and spending 90% of your time at sea underwater without access 6. air，when do you sleep？”
If
to
5.考查條件狀語從句。句末的“when do you sleep？”提出疑問，此處表示疑問所基于的假設，空處應用從屬連詞if引導條件狀語從句，表示“如果，假如”，句首單詞的首字母需大寫。故填If。
6.考查介詞。access to...是固定搭配，表示“使用……的機會，接近……的權利”。故填to。
解析
7. study published on Thursday in the journal Science now offers an answer：Northern elephant seals rely on short power naps during those deep 8. (dive)，which altogether add up to about two hours of sleep per day，says Jessica Kendall-Bar，the study’s lead author and an eco-physiologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
A
dives
7.考查冠詞。空處表示泛指，意為“一項研究”，應用不定冠詞，且study的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用a，句首單詞的首字母需大寫。故填A。
8.考查名詞復數。空處作during的賓語，those后可數名詞dive“潛水”應用復數形式。故填dives。
解析
“And they do that while 9. (hold) their breath very deep below the ocean surface，” she says.
holding
考查狀語從句的省略。此處是while引導的時間狀語從句的省略形式，從句主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語部分含有be動詞，所以省略了從句主語they和be動詞are，hold和被省略的主語they之間是主動關系，hold應用現在分詞形式。故填holding。
解析
The new findings mean that northern elephant seals now beat African elephants who currently hold the world record for the 10. (short) daily sleep time among mammals.
shortest
考查形容詞最高級。根據前面的“hold the world record”以及定冠詞the可知，此處應用short的最高級。故填shortest。
解析
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