資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1
Step 1　速讀——整體理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．An unexpected basketball game.
B．A great athlete won’t let anybody down.
C．The shorter a player is，the better he plays.
D．How Paul earned his place on the team by practising hard.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章結構
Step 2　細讀——深度獲取細節
Read the passage carefully and do the following exercises.
1．Why couldn’t Paul play for the team
A．He didn’t practise as hard as his teammates.
B．He didn’t have a desire to play for the team.
C．He was not tall enough as a basketball player.
D．He didn’t have the skills to play for the team.
答案　C
2．What does the phrase “making the team” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Taking part in a game.
B．Making up a new sports team.
C．Being the top player of a team.
D．Becoming the coach of a team.
答案　A
3．Why did the author have to quit the game
A．He wanted Paul to replace him.
B．He got badly injured in the knee.
C．His coach lost confidence in him.
D．Their team had lost too many goals.
答案　B
4．How would the coach feel about the outcome of the competition
A．It was just so-so.
B．It was unexpected.
C．It was discouraging.
D．It was within his expectation.
答案　B
5．Which of the following sayings has the similar meaning to Paul’s story
A．Laughter is the best medicine.
B．Time and tide wait for no man.
C．Chance favors the prepared mind.
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
答案　C
Step 3　讀后——課文語法填空
Paul and I were both huge fans of the NBA.My favourite player was LeBron James 1.while Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，who was the 2.shortest(short) player ever in the NBA.Paul was also shorter than other players so that he knew he had to practise harder.However，our coach had little confidence in him.So Paul was usually on the bench as a 3.replacement(replace)．Everyone knew Paul had real skills and he desired 4.to play(play) for the team.Later，our team played with another team,5.whose record had been perfect this season.
During the game，a player and I crashed into each other and my knee was 6.badly(bad) injured，forcing me to give up the game.So Paul got the chance that he 7.had been waiting(wait) for.Clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent 8.practising(practise) alone paid off.He made shot after shot and finally we won 9.by two points，which was totally beyond our coach’s expectations.He was very satisfied，hitting Paul on 10.the shoulder，saying that Paul had earned his place on the team.
1．When we weren’t playing on the court which was next to our building，we were watching a game on TV.(P30 Part 1 Para.1)
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。when引導的時間狀語從句中包含一個which引導的定語從句。
漢語翻譯：我們不是在大樓附近的球場上打球，就是在看電視上的比賽。
2．Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets，although we actually(actual) agree that they are both champions.(P30 Part 1 Para.1)
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。who引導定語從句，修飾a guy；although引導的狀語從句中包含一個that引導的賓語從句，作agree的賓語；champion的意思是“冠軍”。
漢語翻譯：保羅最喜歡的球員是蒂尼·博格斯，博格斯為夏洛特黃蜂隊效力。事實上，我們認為他們都是冠軍。
3．Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall，which made him the shortest(short) player ever in the NBA.(P30 Part 1 Para.2)
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。which引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句。
漢語翻譯： 博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA歷史上最矮的球員。
4．He was still usually on the bench，being(be) just a replacement，which was really tough on him.(P30 Part 1 Para.3)
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。which引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是主句內容。
漢語翻譯：然而，他仍舊通常“坐板凳”作為替補隊員，這對他來說是真夠倒霉的。
5．Everyone knew Paul had real skills，and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play(play) for the team.(P30 Part 1 Para.3)
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。knew后面為省略引導詞that的賓語從句；第一個and連接賓語從句的兩個謂語；who引導定語從句，修飾someone；第二個and連接定語從句中的兩個謂語。
漢語翻譯：每個人都知道保羅有真本事，而且他非常努力，想為球隊做貢獻。
6．This week，The Lions were playing our main competitors(compete)，The Bears，a team whose record this season had been perfect.(P30 Part 1 Para.4)
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。whose引導定語從句，在從句中作定語，從句修飾先行詞a team。
漢語翻譯：本周，獅子隊將與我們的勁敵熊隊比賽，熊隊在本賽季戰績堪稱完美。
7．The team gathered around，looking worried.(P31 Part 2 Para.1)
結構分析：此句是簡單句。looking worried為現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。
漢語翻譯：隊友們圍在我身邊，看起來很擔心。
8．“I don’t think I can play anymore，coach，” I said quietly(quiet) as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.(P31 Part 2 Para.2)
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。直接引語中的I don’t think為否定前移，意為“我認為我不……”；I can play anymore為省略that的賓語從句；as引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……時候”。
漢語翻譯：當醫生把冰袋放在我的膝蓋上時，我平靜地說：“我認為我不能繼續上場了，教練?！?br/>9．And clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent practising(practise) alone paid off.(P31 Part 2 Para.10)
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。that引導定語從句，先行詞是hours；pay off的意思是“得到回報，奏效”。
漢語翻譯：顯然，他所有獨自練習的額外時間都得到了回報。
try out for sth爭取成為；參加……選拔
try out試驗；測試；試用
try on試穿
try one’s best/hardest盡最大努力
try to do sth努力/企圖做某事
try doing sth試著做某事
(1)I tried contacting(contact) him last night but didn’t get through.
(2)No matter what happens，we must try to reduce(reduce) the air pollution.
(3)He got a chance to try out the new digital camera while visiting the Great Wall.
[寫作佳句]
(4)既然你渴望加入學校的保齡球隊，為什么不參加它的選拔呢？
Now that you are eager to join the school bowling team，why not try out for it
desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 v．渴望；期望；要求(desirable adj.值得擁有的；值得做的；可取的)
have a desire to do sth渴望做某事
have a desire for sth渴望得到某物
desire to do sth渴望做某事
desire that...(should) do sth要求……做某事
(1)It is not surprising that almost every professional athlete has a desire for medals.
(2)More and more people have a desire to live(live) in the rural area due to the clean air there.
(3)The house has so many desirable(desire) features that he’s made up his mind to buy it.
[寫作佳句]
(4)(2022·天津6月，書面表達)如果你渴望用英語自由地與外國人交流，我建議你立即加入我們的英語口語社。
If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely in English，I advise you to join our Spoken English Club right away.
let sb down使失望，辜負(別人的信任或期望)
let out發出(聲音)；放走；泄露；使(某人)解脫
let alone更不用說
let sb alone不要管/不打擾某人
let go of放開；釋放；放棄(想法或態度)
(1)選詞填空
His business failed again，which let his parents down，let alone himself.He is now in deep sorrow，and we’d better let him alone for a while.Once he lets his depression out，he will let go of the failure and keep on going.
[寫作佳句]
(2)(讀后續寫之主旨升華)放下你無法改變的事情，專注于你可以改進的事情。
Let go of the things (that) you can’t change，and focus on the things you can improve.
pay off取得成功；奏效；得到回報
pay sth off 付清，償清
pay sb off 付清工資后解雇；遣散
pay sb back 償還；報答；報復
pay for 付款；為……付出代價
pay a visit to拜訪，訪問
(1)選詞填空
①Can you lend me some money？And I promise that I’ll pay you back on Friday.
②I saved my pocket money for months to pay for this new bicycle.
③The man in heavy debt earned much money，and all his debt was paid off in cash.
[寫作佳句]
(2)(應用文寫作之歡迎信)得知你們將參觀我校，我非常高興。
I am more than pleased to know that you will pay a visit to our school.
(3)當雷鳴般的掌聲響起時，我的所有努力終于得到回報——我獲得了一等獎。
All my efforts finally paid off when there came thunderous applause—I won first prize.
keep up with跟上，保持同步；趕上
keep away from遠離；不接觸
keep in touch with與……保持聯系
keep pace with與……并駕齊驅/保持同步
keep in mind that...記住……
(1)As long as you can keep away from computer games，you won’t be addicted to them.
(2)I tried to keep in touch with my classmates after graduating from senior secondary school.
[寫作佳句]
(3)記住，你今天邁出的每一小步都可能在未來帶來重大的變化。
Keep in mind that every small step you take today can lead to significant changes in the future.
crowd n．人群v.使……擁擠；塞滿；涌上(心頭)(crowded adj.擁擠的)
·a crowd of...一群……
crowds of...成群的……
·crowd in on sb (想法、問題等)涌上心頭；涌入腦海
crowd into one’s mind涌入某人的腦海
·be crowded with擠滿……；充滿著……
(1)A crowd of enthusiastic fans gathered outside the stadium，cheering for the athletes.
(2)With the Spring Festival approaching，the streets were crowded with excited people.
(3)As the exam approached，anxiety began to crowd in on him，making it difficult for him to sleep at night.
[寫作佳句]
(4)童年的回憶涌上心頭，讓我不禁露出了微笑。
Memories of childhood crowded into my mind，which brought a smile to my face.
動名詞短語作主語
Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.(P30 Part 1 Para.2)
保羅知道比其他球員矮意味著他必須加強練習。
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。句中兩個that均引導賓語從句；being shorter than other players為動名詞短語作主語。
————————————————————————————————————————
動名詞(短語)作主語有以下幾種情況：
動名詞(短語)直接位于句首作主語。
用it作形式主語，把動名詞(短語)也就是真正的主語置于句尾作后置主語，主要用于下面的結構中：It is fun/no good/no use/a waste of time/useless＋動名詞(短語)。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)毫無疑問，大聲朗讀對我們學一門外語是非常重要的。
Undoubtedly，reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
(2)和他爭論是沒用的，因為他已經拿定了主意。
It’s no use arguing with him because he’s made up his mind.
(3)試圖說服他是浪費時間，他太固執了，不會改變主意。
It’s a waste of time trying to persuade him；he’s too stubborn to change his mind.
閱讀以下短文，感知加黑部分，完成下面的練習
A real friend is someone ①who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.A real friend is someone ②whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone ③who sees our true self，not just the face ④that we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools ⑤that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends ⑥whom we love.Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values ⑦which matter most to us.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection ⑧which we share.To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
1．以上加黑的部分為定語從句，修飾前面的名詞或代詞，被修飾的這些詞叫先行詞。
2．引導定語從句的連接詞叫關系詞，通讀以上短文發現有：who，whose，that，whom，which。這些詞在從句中可以作主語，如①③⑤⑦；可以作賓語，如④⑥⑧；可以作定語，如②。
定語從句(1)
一、基本概念
二、關系代詞的基本用法
關系代詞 所指代(即先行詞) 在定語從句中所作的句子成分
who 人 主語、賓語
whom 人 賓語
which 物 主語、賓語、表語
that 人/物 主語、賓語、表語
whose 人/物 定語
as 人/物 主語、賓語、表語
1.關系代詞who
The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.
在那次災難中喪生的人數超過了100。
He is the athlete who I met yesterday.
他就是我昨天遇見的那個運動員。
總結：關系代詞who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。
2．關系代詞whom
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老師經常表揚的那個男孩是他們的班長。
The girl (who/whom/that) the soldier rescued yesterday is John’s sister.
昨天這位士兵救的女孩是約翰的妹妹。
The man to whom you spoke just now is my captain.
剛才和你說話的男人是我的隊長。
總結：(1)關系代詞whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，?？墒÷?，也可用who/that來代替。
(2)在從句中作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后面時，用whom，不用who。
3．關系代詞which
Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.
我看到到處都是被地震毀掉的建筑。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.
她獲得的那塊金牌已經被送給她的母校了。
總結：關系代詞which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。
4．關系代詞that
Yesterday I read an article that/which was about natural disasters.
昨天我讀到一篇關于自然災害的文章。
Do you know the girl that/who is talking with our teacher
你認識正和我們老師說話的那個女孩嗎？
The woman (that/who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在報紙上讀到的那位女士剛剛贏得一枚金牌。
The report (that/which) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特納先生遞交的報告是關于汽車比賽的。
He is not the bookworm that he used to be.
他再也不是過去那個書呆子了。
總結：關系代詞that既可以指人，相當于who或whom；也可以指物，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時可省略。
5．關系代詞whose
This is the person whose story surprises everybody.
就是這個人的故事讓所有人感到吃驚。
The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.
那間門壞了的教室能容納40個學生。
總結：關系代詞whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時，“whose＋名詞”可用“限定詞＋名詞＋of which”或“of which＋限定詞＋名詞”來代替。
6．關系代詞as
As is often the case，she is the first to come to school on such a cold day.
在這么冷的一天，她通常是第一個到學校的。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
這些房子以人們期望的低價出售。
總結：as引導定語從句主要用于the same...as...；such...as...和so...as...結構中，多意為“正如”。
[注意事項]
1．宜用that不宜用which的情況 (口訣：very/only/序/最高，人物/不定that好)
(1)當先行詞是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代詞或者被all，much，little，no等詞修飾時。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已經做完了。
(2)當先行詞被the only，the very等修飾時。
Music is the only thing that interests me.
音樂是唯一令我感興趣的東西。
(3)當先行詞是序數詞、形容詞最高級或被序數詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。
This is the most shocking news that I have ever heard.
這是我曾經聽過的最令人震驚的消息。
(4)當先行詞中既有人又有物時。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
2．宜用which不宜用that的情況
(1)關系代詞前有介詞時。
The house in which I used to live became ruins in the big fire.
我過去住的房子在大火中變成了一片廢墟。
(2)在非限制性定語從句中。
The traveller saw many buildings along the way，which were quite different from those in his hometown.
這個旅行者沿途看到了許多建筑物，這些建筑物和他家鄉的很不一樣。
3．宜用who不宜用that的情況
(1)當先行詞是I，you，he，they等人稱代詞或指人的不定代詞，如one，ones，anyone時。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
那樣做的人一定是瘋了。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到長城非好漢。
(2)當先行詞為指人的those時。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有禮貌的人會備受尊重。
4．定語從句的謂語動詞的形式
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
放在地上的那個手提箱是她的。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我們班男生中唯一一個學過法語的。
總結：(1)關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數保持一致。
(2)“one of＋復數名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用復數形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋復數名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用單數形式。
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.Jogging is the kind of sport whose benefits are easily seen.
2．I called him the wrong name，for which I should apologize.
3．We’d better forget the persons and things that put us under pressure.
4．At last，the thief took out everything that he had stolen from the apartment.
5．The book is written by his sister who/that is working as an editor.
6．There are about 200 teachers in our school，two-thirds of whom are women.
7．Recently I bought an English dictionary，the price of which was very reasonable.
8．The badminton match which/that you are looking forward to will be held tomorrow.
9．I wish to thank my English teacher Lisa，without whose help I couldn’t have graduated.
10．Our head teacher always reminds us that opportunity only favors those who are prepared.
Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子
1．Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.
＝Last week Mary wore the dress (that/which) I gave to her.
2．The girl is from America.Her father is a teacher.
＝The girl whose father is a teacher is from America.
3．The room is mine.Its windows face north.
＝The room whose windows/the windows of which/of which the windows face north is mine.
4．Do you know the man？The man spoke to the headmaster just now.
＝Do you know the man who/that spoke to the headmaster just now
5．The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.
＝The woman (that/who/whom) you are looking after is my mother.
6．My grandparents live in a house.The house is more than 100 years old.
＝My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 100 years old.
Ⅲ.用定語從句完成下列句子
1．這是我讀過的最有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story (that) I’ve ever read.
2．他們正在談論使我感興趣的東西。
They are talking about something that interests me.
3．蘇珊總是發牢騷，這讓我很生氣。
Susan always complains about something，which makes me angry.
4．對這項活動感興趣的人應該提前報名。
Those who are interested in the activity should sign up for it in advance.
5．請遞給我那本綠色封面的書。
Please pass me the book whose cover/the cover of which is green.
訓練2　Lesson 1
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.單句語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
1．Your parents have confidence in your success.Don’t let them down.
2．He is satisfied with his earning(earn) as a teacher in a rural school.
3．Everyone has a desire for success，but they must work hard to get ahead.
4．The report was sharply(sharp) critical of the phenomenon happening on the campus.
5．He is an energetic(energy) and dynamic man who has adapted to the stressful life here.
6．With the New Year approaching，roads are becoming more and more crowded(crowd)．
7．We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.
8．You have always been disappointing me；don’t let me down again.
9．As is often the case，many artists draw inspiration(inspire) from nature.
10．I suggested that you should try to balance(balance) your diet by eating more fruit and less meat.
Ⅱ.單句寫作(課文佳句仿寫)(滿分15分)
1．對于那些渴望健康的人來說，定期鍛煉會有很大幫助。(desire to do)
For those who desire to be healthy，doing exercise regularly can help a lot.
2．對我來說，在所有的運動中，我更喜歡打羽毛球。(have a preference for)
As for me，among all kinds of sports，I have a preference for playing badminton.
3．打羽毛球不僅能強身健體，還能強化我們的意志。(動名詞短語作主語)
Playing badminton not only can build up our body，but also can strengthen our mind.
4．我參加了校羽毛球隊的選拔賽并成為其中一員。(try out for)
I tried out for our school badminton team and became one member of it.
5．現在我們正在為一場重要的比賽刻苦訓練，我們的付出一定會有回報。(pay off)
We are now practising hard for an important competition and our efforts are sure to pay off.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯想內容組成一篇小短文。
參考范文
For those who desire to be healthy，doing exercise regularly can help a lot.As for me，among all kinds of sports，I have a preference for playing badminton.Playing badminton not only can build up our body，but also can strengthen our mind.So last week I tried out for our school badminton team and became one member of it.We are now practising hard for an important competition and our efforts are sure to pay off.
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
(2025·山東臨沂高一上期中)
8-year-old Noah Aldrich didn’t want his 6-year-old brother Lucas who is sitting in a wheelchair to miss out on a youth triathlon(鐵人三項賽)，so he pulled and pushed his little brother the whole way as he swam，biked and ran in the high heat.“Lucas has always wanted to compete in a triathlon，and I don’t want to let him down，” Noah said.He didn’t surprise his parents，who said the brothers are inseparable.“They’re best friends and they do everything together，” mom Alissa Aldrich said.
Lucas was born with lissencephaly and doctors told Lucas’ parents that the boy would spend his life in a wheelchair，but he’s doing much better than everyone expected，Alissa said.“He can’t walk，he can’t talk，but he doesn’t lose hope in life.He’s the happiest little boy you can ever imagine and he just loves being around people，” she noted.
On July 12，Noah was nervous as the big event began.For the swimming part，he wore a harness(安全帶) connected to a raft(充氣船) carrying Lucas.He swam 200 meters，then biked for three miles while pulling Lucas in a bike trailer(拖車)，and finally ran one mile while pushing Lucas in the special pushchair.
It was very hot—around 95 degrees.Lucas weighs almost 50 pounds and his bike trailer another 40 pounds，so Noah was pulling almost 100 pounds behind him.But it was another part of the race that he found the most tiring.“Running，because it’s at the end and you don’t have very much energy，” Noah recalled.
Lucas loved the whole experience.“When we got him out of the water，he had the biggest smile that you could have ever seen，” Alissa said.“Our aim with the whole thing was just to have fun.You can live life without limits.”
語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了8歲的Noah Aldrich為了幫助坐在輪椅上的6歲弟弟Lucas參加鐵人三項賽，全程拉著推著弟弟完成比賽的故事。
1．What made Noah take part in the triathlon
A．His growing love for sports.
B．Competing with his best friends.
C．His parents’ encouragement.
D．Achieving his brother’s dream.
答案　D
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段中“8-year-old Noah Aldrich didn’t want his 6-year-old brother Lucas who is sitting in a wheelchair to miss out on a youth triathlon(鐵人三項賽)．..‘Lucas has always wanted to compete in a triathlon，and I don’t want to let him down，’ Noah said.”可知，Noah參加鐵人三項賽是為了不讓弟弟錯過這個機會，即實現他弟弟的夢想。故選D項。
2．What do we know about Lucas from Alissa’s words
A．He is positive about his life.
B．He likes to challenge himself.
C．He shows full respect for his parents.
D．He has got big help from others.
答案　A
解析　推理判斷題。根據第二段“Lucas was born with lissencephaly...but he’s doing much better than everyone expected...‘He can’t walk，he can’t talk，but he doesn’t lose hope in life.He’s the happiest little boy you can ever imagine and he just loves being around people，’ she noted.”可知，Lucas出生時患有無腦回畸形，他不會走路，不會說話，但他沒有對生活失去希望，他快樂且非常喜歡和人們待在一起，可推知Lucas對自己的生活很樂觀。故選A項。
3．What was the biggest challenge facing Noah during the triathlon
A．Choosing the right bike for Lucas.
B．Standing the high heat while riding.
C．Keeping up his strength for the running part.
D．Dealing with his worries at the beginning of the event.
答案　C
解析　細節理解題。根據第四段中“But it was another part of the race that he found the most tiring.‘Running，because it’s at the end and you don’t have very much energy，’ Noah recalled.”可知，在鐵人三項賽中，Noah面臨的最大挑戰是為最后的跑步保持體力。故選C項。
4．What can we learn from the story of Noah and Lucas
A．Brotherly love wins all.
B．Good advice is priceless.
C．Kindness is the key to success.
D．Ups and downs make one strong.
答案　A
解析　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了8歲的Noah Aldrich為了幫助坐在輪椅上的6歲弟弟Lucas參加鐵人三項賽，全程拉著推著弟弟完成比賽的故事，由此可推知我們能從這個故事中學到兄弟情誼勝過一切。故選A項。
B
(2025·安徽池州高一上期中)
Being able to run 26.2 miles means you’re in good health，right Not exactly.We’ve already identified some of the benefits of long-distance running，but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon.
Marathoners(馬拉松運動員) who die in training or on the race course usually make headlines because these tragedies seem so unusual—who could be in better health and less likely to die than a runner At the age of 52，Jim Fixx，a celebrated runner，died in 1984 of arteriosclerosis(動脈硬化)．In this condition，the arteries’ walls(動脈壁) become thickened，causing less blood to flow through them.In 2007,28-year-old Ryan Shay died while he was competing in the U．S.Olympic marathon trials.His death was caused by an irregular heartbeat.
It’s obvious that running affects the heart，but did you know running can increase the size of the heart Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training.The body supplies the increased amount of blood needed to pump through the body by increasing the size of the organ(器官)．After that the hearts can lead to irregular heartbeat，which can lead to heart failure.
Some marathoners think their fitness level absolves them from health problems.This simply isn’t the case.Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners.There are ways to reduce your risk factors.Don’t think you can eat or drink whatever you want because running will burn off the calories—diets rich in fat can lead to heart problems.
In addition to these life-threatening aspects of the sport，there are other sports injuries to be aware of.Most of these are overuse or over-training injuries that can be prevented by resting properly.While you should approach the sport with caution，you should also have fun running.
語篇解讀　本文是說明文，介紹了馬拉松比賽對身體健康的負面影響：給參與者帶來運動傷害甚至導致死亡風險。
5．Why were the examples of Jim Fixx and Ryan Shay given
A．To take pity on their death.
B．To show the possible danger of the marathon.
C．To display the importance of regular exercise.
D．To call on people not to exercise by themselves.
答案　B
解析　推理判斷題。由第一段中“We’ve already...but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon.”可知，后文將介紹馬拉松的不好的一面。由第二段內容可知，參跑選手的死亡反映出馬拉松比賽可能對參賽者的身體有危害。作者舉例是為了體現馬拉松比賽的潛在危險。故選B。
6．How does the heart manage to provide the increased need of blood
A．By beating faster.
B．By enlarging itself.
C．By beating more heavily.
D．By working with other organs.
答案　B
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中“Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training.The body supplies the increased amount of blood needed to pump through the body by increasing the size of the organ(器官)．(當運動員進行體育訓練時，心臟會變得更大，身體通過增大心臟來供應所需要泵到全身的更多的血液)”可知，我們的身體通過使心臟變大來提供更多的血液。故選B。
7．What does the underlined word “absolves” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Permits. B．Bans.
C．Frees. D．Advises.
答案　C
解析　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句句意“一些馬拉松運動員認為他們的健康水平使他們……健康問題的困擾”以及后面“This simply isn’t the case.Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners.”推知，他們認為他們的健康水平能使他們免受健康問題的困擾。畫線詞與C項“使免于，使不遭受”意義相近。故選C。
8．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A．Having a rest after injuries.
B．Paying more attention to other injuries.
C．Stopping running completely.
D．Being careful and having fun running.
答案　D
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“While you should approach the sport with caution，you should also have fun running.(雖然你應該謹慎地進行這項運動，但你也應該享受跑步的樂趣)”可知，作者在最后一段建議謹慎進行跑步這項運動并享受跑步的樂趣。故選D。
Ⅳ.七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
(2025·浙江9＋1高中聯盟高一上期中)
Cycling
Many people enjoy cycling as a hobby.Cycling is an activity that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and it is one of the most popular forms of exercise in the world. 1 When you are cycling，every one of your muscles is doing something.This hobby can make your body do all the exercise to stay fit.
Techniques(技巧)
Techniques for cycling vary greatly depending on the type of cycling involved.Sprint(沖刺) cycling is a lot like sprint running and a lot of the muscles activities are involved. 2 They give a large amount of pressure on the bicycle pedals to get them going at a fast speed.
For distance cycling，the most important is endurance(耐力) and many top-class distance cyclists spend many hours doing endurance leg exercises.
Equipment
3 You don’t need expensive equipment to get started but，there is a minimum amount needed for your health：Helmet(頭盔)—Don’t ever ride without one whether it is local law or not.Wearing a helmet can save your life，or at least make the difference between a bad headache and a severe head injury.Gloves—I have a pair of these，and you could consider them important.They absorb shock from the handles，but more importantly，if you crash，your hands are protected.Glasses—To some，these are a must. 4
Safety
Always be safe on the road.Do not be daring，do not insist on the right of way，do not break traffic，and always be as visible as possible. 5
A．It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B．These are a must if you ride after dark.
C．For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D．It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E．They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F．Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G．If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always careful.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。騎自行車是一項所有年齡段的人都可以享受的活動，它是世界上最受歡迎的鍛煉形式之一，本文介紹了騎行技巧、裝備以及安全事項。
1．答案　A
解析　本文開篇介紹了一項運動——騎自行車，結合空后“When you are cycling，every one of your muscles is doing something.”可知，騎自行車是一項每一塊肌肉都在動的全身運動，A項“這是一項動用全身的運動”符合語境，It指代上文提到的騎自行車運動，the whole body與下文every one of your muscles 相呼應。故選A。
2．答案　C
解析　本段介紹騎車的技巧。根據空前“Sprint(沖刺) cycling is...”可知，沖刺式騎自行車涉及很多肌肉活動；根據空后“They give...”可知，騎自行車需要在自行車踏板上施加很大的壓力，推知騎自行車需要強健的腿部肌肉，C項“為此，一個人需要強壯的腿部肌肉”符合語境，this指上文內容，leg muscles為下文They的指代內容。故選C。
3．答案　F
解析　根據本段標題“Equipment”和本段中“Helmet(頭盔)” “Gloves”和“Glasses”可知，本段是關于騎行裝備，F項“與許多其他運動形式一樣，騎自行車需要一些必需品”引起下文，符合語境，故選F。
4．答案　E
解析　上文“Glasses—To some，these are a must.(眼鏡——對某些人來說，這是必需品)”提到騎行裝備眼鏡，空處應是描述它們的作用，E項“它們可以防止蟲子和其他物體擊中你的眼睛”符合語境，故選E。
5．答案　G
解析　根據本段標題“Safety”可知，本段介紹騎行安全。結合上文“Do not be daring，do not insist on the right of way，do not break traffic，and always be as visible as possible.”可知，騎行者不要膽大妄為，不要堅持路權，不要破壞交通，要盡可能顯眼。G項“如果你知道事故最常見的原因，你就會一直小心”與本段主題一致，總結上文，故選G。
Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
(2025·湖北武漢高一上期中)
If you’re a tea lover traveling to Beijing，come and visit the Lao She Tea House，one of China’s most famous tea houses.The tea house was named after the famous writer，Lao She.Since it opened in 1988，it 1. (win) praise from both locals and visitors from other places.
As you step inside，the decorations(裝飾) 2. (immediate) take you to ancient China.The sense of calm from the traditional lanterns and wooden chairs 3. (be) especially enjoyable.It is a perfect setting to relax and try different kinds of tea，4. famous Chinese green tea to oolong，black，and jasmine(茉莉)．The tea menu is interestingly introduced by knowledgeable tea 5. (host)．They are always happy to suggest a type of tea based on your 6. (prefer)．
In addition to tea，the Lao She Tea House offers unique(獨特的) cultural experiences，including performances of traditional Chinese opera，acrobatics，and puppet shows，making it 7.___________must-visit place in Beijing.If you’ re lucky，you may even meet some famous people 8. visit the tea house regularly.
Overall，the Lao She Tea House perfectly combines culture，atmosphere and entertainment(娛樂)．You can spend a relaxing afternoon 9. (explore) some of China’s finest tea there.The authentic(正宗的) experience of Chinese tea culture is sure 10. (impress) you.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了老舍茶館——中國最著名的茶館之一，詳細描述了茶館的裝飾、氛圍、茶品選擇以及提供的文化體驗。
1．答案　has won
解析　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。win在句中作謂語動詞，與主語it之間是主動關系，根據時間狀語Since it opened in 1988可知，應用現在完成時態，主語是第三人稱單數代詞，謂語動詞應用單數形式。故填has won。
2．答案　immediately
解析　考查副詞。提示詞修飾動詞take，用副詞immediately作狀語，表示“立刻，馬上”。故填immediately。
3．答案　is
解析　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。提示詞作謂語，是系動詞，描述的是客觀事實，應用一般現在時，主語為The sense，是單數名詞，謂語動詞應用單數形式。故填is。
4．答案　from
解析　考查介詞。from...to...為固定搭配，意為“從……到……”。故填from。
5．答案　hosts
解析　考查名詞復數。可數名詞host作介詞by的賓語，結合下一句中的They指代tea host可知，設空處應用復數形式。故填hosts。
6．答案　preference
解析　考查名詞。提示詞作賓語，用名詞preference，意為“喜好，偏愛”，為不可數名詞。故填preference。
7．答案　a
解析　考查冠詞。place是可數名詞，此處表示“一個必游的地方”，泛指，且must-visit是發音以輔音音素開頭的單詞，應用不定冠詞a修飾。故填a。
8．答案　who/that
解析　考查定語從句。“ visit the tea house regularly”是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞some famous people，指人，先行詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who或that引導。故填who/that。
9．答案　exploring
解析　考查非謂語動詞。spend＋時間/金錢＋(in) doing sth為固定搭配，意為“花費時間/金錢做某事”，用動名詞作賓語。故填exploring。
10．答案　to impress
解析　考查非謂語動詞。be sure to do sth為固定結構，意為“一定會做某事”。故填to impress。(共118張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Lesson 1　
SPORTS AND FITNESS
UNIT 2
內容索引
Part 1　課文深度理解
Part 2　長句難句分析
Part 3　語言知識梳理
Part 4　語法項目精講
訓練2
課文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.An unexpected basketball game.
B.A great athlete won’t let anybody down.
C.The shorter a player is，the better he plays.
D.How Paul earned his place on the team by practising hard.
Step 1　速讀——整體理解文意
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章結構
basketball
players
replacement
game/competition
chance
his place
Read the passage carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why couldn’t Paul play for the team
A.He didn’t practise as hard as his teammates.
B.He didn’t have a desire to play for the team.
C.He was not tall enough as a basketball player.
D.He didn’t have the skills to play for the team.
√
Step 2　細讀——深度獲取細節
2.What does the phrase “making the team” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Taking part in a game.
B.Making up a new sports team.
C.Being the top player of a team.
D.Becoming the coach of a team.
√
3.Why did the author have to quit the game
A.He wanted Paul to replace him.
B.He got badly injured in the knee.
C.His coach lost confidence in him.
D.Their team had lost too many goals.
√
4.How would the coach feel about the outcome of the competition
A.It was just so-so.
B.It was unexpected.
C.It was discouraging.
D.It was within his expectation.
√
5.Which of the following sayings has the similar meaning to Paul’s story
A.Laughter is the best medicine.
B.Time and tide wait for no man.
C.Chance favors the prepared mind.
D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
√
Paul and I were both huge fans of the NBA.My favourite player was LeBron James 1. Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，who was the 2. (short) player ever in the NBA.Paul was also shorter than other players so that he knew he had to practise harder.However，our coach had little confidence in him.So Paul was usually on the bench as a 3. (replace).Everyone knew Paul had real skills and he desired 4. (play) for the team.Later，our team played with another team,5. record had been perfect this season.
Step 3　讀后——課文語法填空
while
shortest
replacement
to play
whose
During the game，a player and I crashed into each other and my knee was 6. (bad) injured，forcing me to give up the game.So Paul got the chance that he 7. (wait) for.Clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent 8. (practise) alone paid off.He made shot after shot and finally we won 9. two points，which was totally beyond our coach’s expectations.He was very satisfied，hitting Paul on 10.______ shoulder，saying that Paul had earned his place on the team.
返 回
badly
had been waiting
practising
by
the
長句難句分析
1.When we weren’t playing on the court which was next 　　 our building，we were watching a game on TV.(P30 Part 1 Para.1)
結構分析：此句是　　　　　句。when引導的　　　　　從句中包含一個which引導的定語從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
我們不是在大樓附近的球場上打球，就是在看電視上的比賽。
to
主從復合
時間狀語
2.Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues， guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets，although we (actual) agree that they are both champions.(P30 Part 1 Para.1)
結構分析：此句是　　　　　句。who引導　　　從句，修飾　　?。籥lthough引導的　　　從句中包含一個that引導的　　　從句，作agree的　　語；champion的意思是“　　　”。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
actually
主從復合
a guy
狀語
賓語
冠軍
賓
a
保羅最喜歡的球員是蒂尼·博格斯，博格斯為夏洛特黃蜂隊效力。事實上，我們認為他們都是冠軍。
定語
3.Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall，which made him the 　　　　(short) player ever in the NBA.(P30 Part 1 Para.2)
結構分析：此句是　　　　　句。which引導　　　　　　　從句，指代整個主句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA歷史上最矮的球員。
shortest
主從復合
非限制性定語
4.He was still usually on the bench， 　　　 (be) just a replacement，which was really tough 　　 him.(P30 Part 1 Para.3)
結構分析：此句是　　　　　句。which引導　　　　　　　從句，先行詞是　　　　　。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
然而，他仍舊通?！白宓省弊鳛樘嫜a隊員，這對他來說是真夠倒霉的。
being
on
主從復合
非限制性定語
主句內容
5.Everyone knew Paul had real skills，and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire (play) for the team.(P30 Part 1 Para.3)
結構分析：此句是　　　　　句。knew后面為省略引導詞　　　的賓語從句；第一個and連接賓語從句的兩個謂語；who引導　　　從句，修飾someone；第二個and連接　　　從句中的兩個謂語。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
每個人都知道保羅有真本事，而且他非常努力，想為球隊做貢獻。
to play
主從復合
that
定語
定語
6.This week，The Lions were playing our main 　　　　　　(compete)，The Bears，a team whose record this season had been perfect.(P30 Part 1 Para.4)
結構分析：此句是　　　　　句。whose引導　　　從句，在從句中作____語，從句修飾先行詞　　　　。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
competitors
本周，獅子隊將與我們的勁敵熊隊比賽，熊隊在本賽季戰績堪稱完美。
主從復合
定語
定
a team
7.The team gathered 　　　　，looking worried.(P31 Part 2 Para.1)
結構分析：此句是　　　句。looking worried為現在分詞短語作______
______。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
隊友們圍在我身邊，看起來很擔心。
around
簡單
伴隨
狀語
8.“I don’t think I can play anymore，coach，” I said (quiet) as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.(P31 Part 2 Para.2)
結構分析：此句是　　　　　句。直接引語中的I don’t think為否定前移，意為“　　　　　　　　”；I can play anymore為省略that的　　　從句；as引導　　　　　從句，意為“　　　　　　”。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
quietly
主從復合
我認為我不……
賓語
時間狀語
當……時候
當醫生把冰袋放在我的膝蓋上時，我平靜地說：“我認為我不能繼續上場了，教練?！?br/>9.And clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent (practise) alone paid off.(P31 Part 2 Para.10)
結構分析：此句是　　　　　句。that引導　　　從句，先行詞是　 　 ；pay off的意思是“ 　　　　　　　　”。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
顯然，他所有獨自練習的額外時間都得到了回報。
返 回
practising
主從復合
定語
hours
得到回報，奏效
語言知識梳理
爭取成為；參加……選拔
1
try out for sth
try out試驗；測試；試用
try on試穿
try one’s best/hardest盡最大努力
try to do sth努力/企圖做某事
try doing sth試著做某事
(1)I tried (contact) him last night but didn’t get through.
(2)No matter what happens，we must try (reduce) the air pollution.
(3)He got a chance to try the new digital camera while visiting the Great Wall.
contacting
to reduce
out
(4)既然你渴望加入學校的保齡球隊，為什么不參加它的選拔呢？
Now that you are eager to join the school bowling team，______
________________
寫作佳句
why
not try out for it
n.渴望；欲望；愿望 v.渴望；期望；要求(desirable adj.值得擁有的；值得做的；可取的)
2
desire
·have a desire to do sth渴望做某事
　have a desire for sth渴望得到某物
·desire to do sth渴望做某事
　desire that...(should) do sth要求……做某事
(1)It is not surprising that almost every professional athlete has a desire _____ medals.
for
(2)More and more people have a desire (live) in the rural area due to the clean air there.
(3)The house has so many (desire) features that he’s made up his mind to buy it.
to live
desirable
(4)(2022·天津6月，書面表達)如果你渴望用英語自由地與外國人交流，我建議你立即加入我們的英語口語社。
If ，I advise you to join our Spoken English Club right away.
寫作佳句
you desire to communicate with foreigners freely in English
使失望，辜負(別人的信任或期望)
3
let sb down
let out發出(聲音)；放走；泄露；使(某人)解脫
let alone更不用說
let sb alone不要管/不打擾某人
let go of放開；釋放；放棄(想法或態度)
(1)選詞填空
His business failed again，which his parents ，__________ himself.He is now in deep sorrow，and we’d better for a while.Once he his depression ，he will the failure and keep on going.
let
down
let alone
let him alone
lets
out
let go of
(2)(讀后續寫之主旨升華)放下你無法改變的事情，專注于你可以改進的事情。
________________________________________，and focus on the things you can improve.
寫作佳句
Let go of the things (that) you can’t change
取得成功；奏效；得到回報
4
pay off
pay sth off 付清，償清
pay sb off 付清工資后解雇；遣散
pay sb back 償還；報答；報復
pay for 付款；為……付出代價
pay a visit to拜訪，訪問
(1)選詞填空
①Can you lend me some money？And I promise that I’ll you _____ on Friday.
②I saved my pocket money for months to this new bicycle.
③The man in heavy debt earned much money，and all his debt was ________ in cash.
pay
back
pay for
paid off
(2)(應用文寫作之歡迎信)得知你們將參觀我校，我非常高興。
I am more than pleased to know that _______________________
___________.
(3)當雷鳴般的掌聲響起時，我的所有努力終于得到回報——我獲得了一等獎。
______________________________ when there came thunderous applause—I won first prize.
寫作佳句
you will pay a visit to
our school
All my efforts finally paid off
跟上，保持同步；趕上
5
keep up with
keep away from遠離；不接觸
keep in touch with與……保持聯系
keep pace with與……并駕齊驅/保持同步
keep in mind that...記住……
(1)As long as you can keep away computer games，you won’t be addicted to them.
(2)I tried to keep touch with my classmates after graduating from senior secondary school.
from
in
(3)記住，你今天邁出的每一小步都可能在未來帶來重大的變化。
__________________ every small step you take today can lead to significant changes in the future.
寫作佳句
Keep in mind that
n.人群v.使……擁擠；塞滿；涌上(心頭)(crowded adj.擁擠的)
6
crowd
·a crowd of...一群……
　crowds of...成群的……
·crowd in on sb (想法、問題等)涌上心頭；涌入腦海
　crowd into one’s mind涌入某人的腦海
·be crowded with擠滿……；充滿著……
(1)A crowd enthusiastic fans gathered outside the stadium，cheering for the athletes.
(2)With the Spring Festival approaching，the streets were crowded _____ excited people.
(3)As the exam approached，anxiety began to crowd in him，making it difficult for him to sleep at night.
of
with
on
(4)童年的回憶涌上心頭，讓我不禁露出了微笑。
Memories of childhood ，which brought a smile to my face.
寫作佳句
crowded into my mind
7
動名詞短語作主語
Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.(P30 Part 1 Para.2)
保羅知道比其他球員矮意味著他必須加強練習。
結構分析：此句是主從復合句。句中兩個that均引導賓語從句；being shorter than other players為動名詞短語作主語。
動名詞(短語)作主語有以下幾種情況：
·動名詞(短語)直接位于句首作主語。
·用it作形式主語，把動名詞(短語)也就是真正的主語置于句尾作后置
　主語，主要用于下面的結構中：It is fun/no good/no use/a waste of
　time/useless＋動名詞(短語)。
(1)毫無疑問，大聲朗讀對我們學一門外語是非常重要的。
Undoubtedly， is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
(2)和他爭論是沒用的，因為他已經拿定了主意。
___________________________ because he’s made up his mind.
(3)試圖說服他是浪費時間，他太固執了，不會改變主意。
_______________________________________；he’s too stubborn to change his mind.
返 回
reading aloud
It’s no use arguing with him
It’s a waste of time trying to persuade him
語法項目精講
閱讀以下短文，感知加顏色部分，完成下面的練習
A real friend is someone ①who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.A real friend is someone ②whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone ③who sees our true self，not just the face ④that we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools ⑤that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.
情境導讀
Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends ⑥whom we love.Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values ⑦which matter most to us.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection ⑧which we share.To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
1.以上加顏色的部分為　　　從句，修飾前面的名詞或代詞，被修飾的這些詞叫　　　　。
2.引導定語從句的連接詞叫關系詞，通讀以上短文發現有：____________
____________________。這些詞在從句中可以作主語，如　　　　　??；可以作賓語，如　　　　；可以作定語，如　　。
定語
先行詞
who，whose，
that，whom，which
①③⑤⑦
④⑥⑧
②
定語從句(1)
一、基本概念
語法精講
二、關系代詞的基本用法
關系代詞 所指代(即先行詞) 在定語從句中所作的句子成分
who 人 主語、賓語
whom 人 賓語
which 物 主語、賓語、表語
that 人/物 主語、賓語、表語
whose 人/物 定語
as 人/物 主語、賓語、表語
1.關系代詞who
The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.
在那次災難中喪生的人數超過了100。
He is the athlete who I met yesterday.
他就是我昨天遇見的那個運動員。
總結：關系代詞who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。
2.關系代詞whom
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老師經常表揚的那個男孩是他們的班長。
The girl (who/whom/that) the soldier rescued yesterday is John’s sister.
昨天這位士兵救的女孩是約翰的妹妹。
The man to whom you spoke just now is my captain.
剛才和你說話的男人是我的隊長。
總結：(1)關系代詞whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，?？墒÷裕部捎脀ho/that來代替。
(2)在從句中作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后面時，用whom，不用who。
3.關系代詞which
Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.
我看到到處都是被地震毀掉的建筑。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.
她獲得的那塊金牌已經被送給她的母校了。
總結：關系代詞which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。
4.關系代詞that
Yesterday I read an article that/which was about natural disasters.
昨天我讀到一篇關于自然災害的文章。
Do you know the girl that/who is talking with our teacher
你認識正和我們老師說話的那個女孩嗎？
The woman (that/who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在報紙上讀到的那位女士剛剛贏得一枚金牌。
The report (that/which) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特納先生遞交的報告是關于汽車比賽的。
He is not the bookworm that he used to be.
他再也不是過去那個書呆子了。
總結：關系代詞that既可以指人，相當于who或whom；也可以指物，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時可省略。
5.關系代詞whose
This is the person whose story surprises everybody.
就是這個人的故事讓所有人感到吃驚。
The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.
那間門壞了的教室能容納40個學生。
總結：關系代詞whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時，“whose＋名詞”可用“限定詞＋名詞＋of which”或“of which＋限定詞＋名詞”來代替。
6.關系代詞as
As is often the case，she is the first to come to school on such a cold day.
在這么冷的一天，她通常是第一個到學校的。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
這些房子以人們期望的低價出售。
總結：as引導定語從句主要用于the same...as...；such...as...和so...as...結構中，多意為“正如”。
[注意事項]
1.宜用that不宜用which的情況 (口訣：very/only/序/最高，人物/不定that好)
(1)當先行詞是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代詞或者被all，much，little，no等詞修飾時。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已經做完了。
(2)當先行詞被the only，the very等修飾時。
Music is the only thing that interests me.
音樂是唯一令我感興趣的東西。
(3)當先行詞是序數詞、形容詞最高級或被序數詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。
This is the most shocking news that I have ever heard.
這是我曾經聽過的最令人震驚的消息。
(4)當先行詞中既有人又有物時。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
2.宜用which不宜用that的情況
(1)關系代詞前有介詞時。
The house in which I used to live became ruins in the big fire.
我過去住的房子在大火中變成了一片廢墟。
(2)在非限制性定語從句中。
The traveller saw many buildings along the way，which were quite different from those in his hometown.
這個旅行者沿途看到了許多建筑物，這些建筑物和他家鄉的很不一樣。
3.宜用who不宜用that的情況
(1)當先行詞是I，you，he，they等人稱代詞或指人的不定代詞，如one，ones，anyone時。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
那樣做的人一定是瘋了。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到長城非好漢。
(2)當先行詞為指人的those時。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有禮貌的人會備受尊重。
4.定語從句的謂語動詞的形式
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
放在地上的那個手提箱是她的。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我們班男生中唯一一個學過法語的。
總結：(1)關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數保持一致。
(2)“one of＋復數名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用復數形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋復數名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用單數形式。
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.Jogging is the kind of sport benefits are easily seen.
2.I called him the wrong name， which I should apologize.
3.We’d better forget the persons and things put us under pressure.
4.At last，the thief took out everything he had stolen from the apartment.
5.The book is written by his sister is working as an editor.
6.There are about 200 teachers in our school，two-thirds of are women.
達標檢測
whose
for
that
that
who/that
whom
7.Recently I bought an English dictionary，the price of was very reasonable.
8.The badminton match you are looking forward to will be held tomorrow.
9.I wish to thank my English teacher Lisa，without help I couldn’t have graduated.
10.Our head teacher always reminds us that opportunity only favors those are prepared.
which
which/that
whose
who
Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子
1.Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.
＝Last week Mary wore the dress .
2.The girl is from America.Her father is a teacher.
＝The girl is from America.
3.The room is mine.Its windows face north.
＝The room ____________________________________________________
____________ is mine.
(that/which) I gave to her
whose father is a teacher
whose windows/the windows of which/of which the windows
face north
4.Do you know the man？The man spoke to the headmaster just now.
＝Do you know the man
5.The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.
＝The woman is my mother.
6.My grandparents live in a house.The house is more than 100 years old.
＝My grandparents live in a house .
who/that spoke to the headmaster just now
(that/who/whom) you are looking after
which/that is more than 100 years old
Ⅲ.用定語從句完成下列句子
1.這是我讀過的最有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story .
2.他們正在談論使我感興趣的東西。
They are talking about something .
3.蘇珊總是發牢騷，這讓我很生氣。
Susan always complains about something， .
(that) I’ve ever read
that interests me
which makes me angry
4.對這項活動感興趣的人應該提前報名。
Those should sign up for it in advance.
5.請遞給我那本綠色封面的書。
Please pass me the book .
返 回
who are interested in the activity
whose cover/the cover of which is green
訓練2
1.Your parents have confidence in your success.Don’t let them .
2.He is satisfied with his (earn) as a teacher in a rural school.
3.Everyone has a desire success，but they must work hard to get ahead.
4.The report was (sharp) critical of the phenomenon happening on the campus.
5.He is an (energy) and dynamic man who has adapted to the stressful life here.
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
down
earning
for
sharply
energetic
6.With the New Year approaching，roads are becoming more and more __________(crowd).
7.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs，seven to be exact.
8.You have always been disappointing me；don’t let me again.
9.As is often the case，many artists draw (inspire) from nature.
10.I suggested that you should try (balance) your diet by eating more fruit and less meat.
crowded
of
down
inspiration
to balance
1.對于那些渴望健康的人來說，定期鍛煉會有很大幫助。(desire to do)
For those ，doing exercise regularly can help a lot.
2.對我來說，在所有的運動中，我更喜歡打羽毛球。(have a preference for)
As for me，among all kinds of sports，_____________________________
_____________.
3.打羽毛球不僅能強身健體，還能強化我們的意志。(動名詞短語作主語)
______________________________________________，but also can strengthen our mind.
Ⅱ.單句寫作(課文佳句仿寫)
who desire to be healthy
I have a preference for playing
badminton
Playing badminton not only can build up our body
4.我參加了校羽毛球隊的選拔賽并成為其中一員。(try out for)
_____________________________________ and became one member of it.
5.現在我們正在為一場重要的比賽刻苦訓練，我們的付出一定會有回報。(pay off)
We are now practising hard for an important competition and _________
___________________.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯想內容組成一篇小短文。
I tried out for our school badminton team
our efforts
are sure to pay off
參考范文
For those who desire to be healthy，doing exercise regularly can help a lot.As for me，among all kinds of sports，I have a preference for playing badminton.Playing badminton not only can build up our body，but also can strengthen our mind.So last week I tried out for our school badminton team and became one member of it.We are now practising hard for an important competition and our efforts are sure to pay off.
A
(2025·山東臨沂高一上期中)
8-year-old Noah Aldrich didn’t want his 6-year-old brother Lucas who is sitting in a wheelchair to miss out on a youth triathlon(鐵人三項賽)，so he pulled and pushed his little brother the whole way as he swam，biked and ran in the high heat.
語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了8歲的Noah Aldrich為了幫助坐在輪椅上的6歲弟弟Lucas參加鐵人三項賽，全程拉著推著弟弟完成比賽的故事。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀
“Lucas has always wanted to compete in a triathlon，and I don’t want to let him down，” Noah said.He didn’t surprise his parents，who said the brothers are inseparable.“They’re best friends and they do everything together，” mom Alissa Aldrich said.
Lucas was born with lissencephaly and doctors told Lucas’ parents that the boy would spend his life in a wheelchair，but he’s doing much better than everyone expected，Alissa said.“He can’t walk，he can’t talk，but he doesn’t lose hope in life.He’s the happiest little boy you can ever imagine and he just loves being around people，” she noted.
On July 12，Noah was nervous as the big event began.For the swimming part，he wore a harness(安全帶) connected to a raft(充氣船) carrying Lucas.He swam 200 meters，then biked for three miles while pulling Lucas in a bike trailer(拖車)，and finally ran one mile while pushing Lucas in the special pushchair.
It was very hot—around 95 degrees.Lucas weighs almost 50 pounds and his bike trailer another 40 pounds，so Noah was pulling almost 100 pounds behind him.But it was another part of the race that he found the most tiring.“Running，because it’s at the end and you don’t have very much energy，” Noah recalled.
Lucas loved the whole experience.“When we got him out of the water，he had the biggest smile that you could have ever seen，” Alissa said.
“Our aim with the whole thing was just to have fun.You can live life without limits.”
1.What made Noah take part in the triathlon
A.His growing love for sports.
B.Competing with his best friends.
C.His parents’ encouragement.
D.Achieving his brother’s dream.
√
細節理解題。根據第一段中“8-year-old Noah Aldrich didn’t want his 6-year-old brother Lucas who is sitting in a wheelchair to miss out on a youth triathlon(鐵人三項賽)...‘Lucas has always wanted to compete in a triathlon，and I don’t want to let him down，’ Noah said.”可知，Noah參加鐵人三項賽是為了不讓弟弟錯過這個機會，即實現他弟弟的夢想。故選D項。
解析
2.What do we know about Lucas from Alissa’s words
A.He is positive about his life.
B.He likes to challenge himself.
C.He shows full respect for his parents.
D.He has got big help from others.
√
推理判斷題。根據第二段“Lucas was born with lissencephaly...but he’s doing much better than everyone expected...‘He can’t walk，he can’t talk，but he doesn’t lose hope in life.He’s the happiest little boy you can ever imagine and he just loves being around people，’ she noted.”可知，Lucas出生時患有無腦回畸形，他不會走路，不會說話，但他沒有對生活失去希望，他快樂且非常喜歡和人們待在一起，可推知Lucas對自己的生活很樂觀。故選A項。
解析
3.What was the biggest challenge facing Noah during the triathlon
A.Choosing the right bike for Lucas.
B.Standing the high heat while riding.
C.Keeping up his strength for the running part.
D.Dealing with his worries at the beginning of the event.
√
細節理解題。根據第四段中“But it was another part of the race that he found the most tiring.‘Running，because it’s at the end and you don’t have very much energy，’ Noah recalled.”可知，在鐵人三項賽中，Noah面臨的最大挑戰是為最后的跑步保持體力。故選C項。
解析
4.What can we learn from the story of Noah and Lucas
A.Brotherly love wins all.
B.Good advice is priceless.
C.Kindness is the key to success.
D.Ups and downs make one strong.
√
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了8歲的Noah Aldrich為了幫助坐在輪椅上的6歲弟弟Lucas參加鐵人三項賽，全程拉著推著弟弟完成比賽的故事，由此可推知我們能從這個故事中學到兄弟情誼勝過一切。故選A項。
解析
B
(2025·安徽池州高一上期中)
Being able to run 26.2 miles means you’re in good health，right Not exactly.We’ve already identified some of the benefits of long-distance running，but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon.
語篇解讀　本文是說明文，介紹了馬拉松比賽對身體健康的負面影響：給參與者帶來運動傷害甚至導致死亡風險。
Marathoners(馬拉松運動員) who die in training or on the race course usually make headlines because these tragedies seem so unusual—who could be in better health and less likely to die than a runner At the age of 52，Jim Fixx，a celebrated runner，died in 1984 of arteriosclerosis(動脈硬化).In this condition，the arteries’ walls(動脈壁) become thickened，causing less blood to flow through them.In 2007,28-year-old Ryan Shay died while he was competing in the U.S.Olympic marathon trials.His death was caused by an irregular heartbeat.
It’s obvious that running affects the heart，but did you know running can increase the size of the heart Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training.The body supplies the increased amount of blood needed to pump through the body by increasing the size of the organ(器官).After that the hearts can lead to irregular heartbeat，which can lead to heart failure.
Some marathoners think their fitness level absolves them from health problems.This simply isn’t the case.Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners.There are ways to reduce your risk factors.Don’t think you can eat or drink whatever you want because running will burn off the calories—diets rich in fat can lead to heart problems.
In addition to these life-threatening aspects of the sport，there are other sports injuries to be aware of.Most of these are overuse or over-training injuries that can be prevented by resting properly.While you should approach the sport with caution，you should also have fun running.
5.Why were the examples of Jim Fixx and Ryan Shay given
A.To take pity on their death.
B.To show the possible danger of the marathon.
C.To display the importance of regular exercise.
D.To call on people not to exercise by themselves.
√
推理判斷題。由第一段中“We’ve already...but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon.”可知，后文將介紹馬拉松的不好的一面。由第二段內容可知，參跑選手的死亡反映出馬拉松比賽可能對參賽者的身體有危害。作者舉例是為了體現馬拉松比賽的潛在危險。故選B。
解析
6.How does the heart manage to provide the increased need of blood
A.By beating faster.
B.By enlarging itself.
C.By beating more heavily.
D.By working with other organs.
√
細節理解題。根據第三段中“Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training.The body supplies the increased amount of blood needed to pump through the body by increasing the size of the organ(器官).(當運動員進行體育訓練時，心臟會變得更大，身體通過增大心臟來供應所需要泵到全身的更多的血液)”可知，我們的身體通過使心臟變大來提供更多的血液。故選B。
解析
7.What does the underlined word “absolves” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Permits. B.Bans.
C.Frees. D.Advises.
√
詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句句意“一些馬拉松運動員認為他們的健康水平使他們……健康問題的困擾”以及后面“This simply isn’t the case.Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners.”推知，他們認為他們的健康水平能使他們免受健康問題的困擾。畫線詞與C項“使免于，使不遭受”意義相近。故選C。
解析
8.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A.Having a rest after injuries.
B.Paying more attention to other injuries.
C.Stopping running completely.
D.Being careful and having fun running.
√
推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“While you should approach the sport with caution，you should also have fun running.(雖然你應該謹慎地進行這項運動，但你也應該享受跑步的樂趣)”可知，作者在最后一段建議謹慎進行跑步這項運動并享受跑步的樂趣。故選D。
解析
Cycling
Many people enjoy cycling as a hobby.Cycling is an activity that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and it is one of the most popular forms of exercise in the world.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。騎自行車是一項所有年齡段的人都可以享受的活動，它是世界上最受歡迎的鍛煉形式之一，本文介紹了騎行技巧、裝備以及安全事項。
Ⅳ.七選五
1 When you are cycling，every one of your muscles is doing something.This hobby can make your body do all the exercise to stay fit.
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
　careful.
√
本文開篇介紹了一項運動——騎自行車，結合空后“When you are cycling，every one of your muscles is doing something.”可知，騎自行車是一項每一塊肌肉都在動的全身運動，A項“這是一項動用全身的運動”符合語境，It指代上文提到的騎自行車運動，the whole body與下文every one of your muscles 相呼應。故選A。
解析
Techniques(技巧)
Techniques for cycling vary greatly depending on the type of cycling involved.Sprint(沖刺) cycling is a lot like sprint running and a lot of the muscles activities are involved.
2 They give a large amount of pressure on the bicycle pedals to get them going at a fast speed.
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
　careful.
√
本段介紹騎車的技巧。根據空前“Sprint(沖刺) cycling is...”可知，沖刺式騎自行車涉及很多肌肉活動；根據空后“They give...”可知，騎自行車需要在自行車踏板上施加很大的壓力，推知騎自行車需要強健的腿部肌肉，C項“為此，一個人需要強壯的腿部肌肉”符合語境，this指上文內容，leg muscles為下文They的指代內容。故選C。
解析
For distance cycling，the most important is endurance(耐力) and many top-class distance cyclists spend many hours doing endurance leg exercises.
Equipment
3 You don’t need expensive equipment to get started but，there is a minimum amount needed for your health：Helmet(頭盔)—Don’t ever ride without one whether it is local law or not.
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
　careful.
√
根據本段標題“Equipment”和本段中“Helmet(頭盔)” “Gloves”和“Glasses”可知，本段是關于騎行裝備，F項“與許多其他運動形式一樣，騎自行車需要一些必需品”引起下文，符合語境，故選F。
解析
Wearing a helmet can save your life，or at least make the difference between a bad headache and a severe head injury.Gloves—I have a pair of these，and you could consider them important.They absorb shock from the handles，but more importantly，if you crash，your hands are protected.
Glasses—To some，these are a must. 4
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
　careful.
√
上文“Glasses—To some，these are a must.(眼鏡——對某些人來說，這是必需品)”提到騎行裝備眼鏡，空處應是描述它們的作用，E項“它們可以防止蟲子和其他物體擊中你的眼睛”符合語境，故選E。
解析
Safety
Always be safe on the road.Do not be daring，do not insist on the right of way，do not break traffic，and always be as visible as possible. 5
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
　careful.
√
根據本段標題“Safety”可知，本段介紹騎行安全。結合上文“Do not be daring，do not insist on the right of way，do not break traffic，and always be as visible as possible.”可知，騎行者不要膽大妄為，不要堅持路權，不要破壞交通，要盡可能顯眼。G項“如果你知道事故最常見的原因，你就會一直小心”與本段主題一致，總結上文，故選G。
解析
(2025·湖北武漢高一上期中)
If you’re a tea lover traveling to Beijing，come and visit the Lao She Tea House，one of China’s most famous tea houses.The tea house was named after the famous writer，Lao She.Since it opened in 1988，it 1.________(win) praise from both locals and visitors from other places.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了老舍茶館——中國最著名的茶館之一，詳細描述了茶館的裝飾、氛圍、茶品選擇以及提供的文化體驗。
Ⅴ.語法填空
has won
考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。win在句中作謂語動詞，與主語it之間是主動關系，根據時間狀語Since it opened in 1988可知，應用現在完成時態，主語是第三人稱單數代詞，謂語動詞應用單數形式。故填has won。
解析
As you step inside，the decorations(裝飾) 2. (immediate) take you to ancient China.The sense of calm from the traditional lanterns and wooden chairs 3. (be) especially enjoyable.
2.考查副詞。提示詞修飾動詞take，用副詞immediately作狀語，表示“立刻，馬上”。故填immediately。
3.考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。提示詞作謂語，是系動詞，描述的是客觀事實，應用一般現在時，主語為The sense，是單數名詞，謂語動詞應用單數形式。故填is。
解析
immediately
is
It is a perfect setting to relax and try different kinds of tea，4.______ famous Chinese green tea to oolong，black，and jasmine(茉莉).The tea menu is interestingly introduced by knowledgeable tea 5. (host).
4.考查介詞。from...to...為固定搭配，意為“從……到……”。故填from。
5.考查名詞復數?？蓴得~host作介詞by的賓語，結合下一句中的They指代tea host可知，設空處應用復數形式。故填hosts。
解析
from
hosts
They are always happy to suggest a type of tea based on your 6.___________
(prefer).
考查名詞。提示詞作賓語，用名詞preference，意為“喜好，偏愛”，為不可數名詞。故填preference。
解析
preference
In addition to tea，the Lao She Tea House offers unique(獨特的) cultural experiences，including performances of traditional Chinese opera，acrobatics，and puppet shows，making it 7.____ must-visit place in Beijing.If you’ re lucky，you may even meet some famous people 8.___________ visit the tea house regularly.
a
who/that
7.考查冠詞。place是可數名詞，此處表示“一個必游的地方”，泛指，且must-visit是發音以輔音音素開頭的單詞，應用不定冠詞a修飾。故填a。
8.考查定語從句?！? visit the tea house regularly”是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞some famous people，指人，先行詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who或that引導。故填who/that。
解析
Overall，the Lao She Tea House perfectly combines culture，atmosphere and entertainment(娛樂).You can spend a relaxing afternoon 9. (explore) some of China’s finest tea there.The authentic(正宗的) experience of Chinese tea culture is sure 10. (impress) you.
9.考查非謂語動詞。spend＋時間/金錢＋(in) doing sth為固定搭配，意為“花費時間/金錢做某事”，用動名詞作賓語。故填exploring。
10.考查非謂語動詞。be sure to do sth為固定結構，意為“一定會做某事”。故填to impress。
解析
返 回
exploring
to impress
本課結束

展開更多......

收起↑